diff --git a/jax/_src/lax/lax.py b/jax/_src/lax/lax.py
index 557a47acbbf2..163a5da9b415 100644
--- a/jax/_src/lax/lax.py
+++ b/jax/_src/lax/lax.py
@@ -437,6 +437,9 @@ def convert_element_type(operand: Array, new_dtype: DType = None,
     msg = "Casting complex values to real discards the imaginary part"
     warnings.warn(msg, np.ComplexWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
+  if hasattr(operand, '__jax_array__'):
+    operand = operand.__jax_array__()
+
   if not isinstance(operand, (core.Tracer, xla.DeviceArray)):
     return _device_put_raw(np.asarray(operand, dtype=new_dtype),
                            weak_type=new_weak_type)
diff --git a/jax/_src/numpy/lax_numpy.py b/jax/_src/numpy/lax_numpy.py
index 05876db30497..cf8fba4a3263 100644
--- a/jax/_src/numpy/lax_numpy.py
+++ b/jax/_src/numpy/lax_numpy.py
@@ -300,9 +300,11 @@ def _result_dtype(op, *args):
   return _dtype(op(*args))
 
 
-def _arraylike(x): return isinstance(x, ndarray) or isscalar(x)
+def _arraylike(x):
+  return isinstance(x, ndarray) or isscalar(x) or hasattr(x, '__jax_array__')
+
 def _check_arraylike(fun_name, *args):
-  """Check if all args fit JAX's definition of arraylike (ndarray or scalar)."""
+  """Check if all args fit JAX's definition of arraylike."""
   assert isinstance(fun_name, str), f"fun_name must be a string. Got {fun_name}"
   if _any(not _arraylike(arg) for arg in args):
     pos, arg = next((i, arg) for i, arg in enumerate(args)
diff --git a/jax/core.py b/jax/core.py
index 903ad5ad228c..4ae5040ec320 100644
--- a/jax/core.py
+++ b/jax/core.py
@@ -859,6 +859,8 @@ def concrete_aval(x):
   for typ in type(x).mro():
     handler = pytype_aval_mappings.get(typ)
     if handler: return handler(x)
+  if hasattr(x, '__jax_array__'):
+    return concrete_aval(x.__jax_array__())
   raise TypeError(f"{type(x)} is not a valid JAX type")
 
 
diff --git a/jax/dtypes.py b/jax/dtypes.py
index 11aff4d3dab6..8fc0fdafa9f2 100644
--- a/jax/dtypes.py
+++ b/jax/dtypes.py
@@ -280,7 +280,10 @@ def is_python_scalar(x):
   try:
     return x.aval.weak_type and np.ndim(x) == 0
   except AttributeError:
-    return type(x) in python_scalar_dtypes
+    if hasattr(x, '__jax_array__'):
+      return is_python_scalar(x.__jax_array__())
+    else:
+      return type(x) in python_scalar_dtypes
 
 def dtype(x):
   if type(x) in python_scalar_dtypes:
diff --git a/jax/interpreters/xla.py b/jax/interpreters/xla.py
index 4be8b3c223ca..e829f6134926 100644
--- a/jax/interpreters/xla.py
+++ b/jax/interpreters/xla.py
@@ -122,11 +122,14 @@ def array_result_handler(device: Optional[Device], aval: core.ShapedArray):
 }
 
 def device_put(x, device: Optional[Device] = None) -> Tuple[Any]:
-  x = canonicalize_dtype(x)
-  try:
-    return device_put_handlers[type(x)](x, device)
-  except KeyError as err:
-    raise TypeError(f"No device_put handler for type: {type(x)}") from err
+  handler = device_put_handlers.get(type(x))
+  if handler:
+    x = canonicalize_dtype(x)
+    return handler(x, device)
+  elif hasattr(x, '__jax_array__'):
+    return device_put(x.__jax_array__(), device)
+  else:
+    raise TypeError(f"No device_put handler for type: {type(x)}")
 
 def _device_put_array(x, device: Optional[Device]):
   backend = xb.get_device_backend(device)
@@ -151,6 +154,8 @@ def canonicalize_dtype(x):
   for typ in typ.mro():
     handler = canonicalize_dtype_handlers.get(typ)
     if handler: return handler(x)
+  if hasattr(x, '__jax_array__'):
+    return canonicalize_dtype(x.__jax_array__())
   raise TypeError(f"No canonicalize_dtype handler for type: {type(x)}")
 
 def _canonicalize_ndarray_dtype(x):
@@ -173,6 +178,8 @@ def abstractify(x) -> core.AbstractValue:
   for typ in typ.mro():
     aval_fn = pytype_aval_mappings.get(typ)
     if aval_fn: return aval_fn(x)
+  if hasattr(x, '__jax_array__'):
+    return abstractify(x.__jax_array__())
   raise TypeError(f"Argument '{x}' of type '{type(x)}' is not a valid JAX type")
 
 def _make_abstract_python_scalar(typ, _):
diff --git a/tests/api_test.py b/tests/api_test.py
index d92dd96a9583..1dc59755068d 100644
--- a/tests/api_test.py
+++ b/tests/api_test.py
@@ -2068,6 +2068,32 @@ def test_linearize_aval_error(self):
     with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "tangent values inconsistent"):
       f_jvp(np.ones(2, np.int32))
 
+  def test_dunder_jax_array(self):
+    # https://github.com/google/jax/pull/4725
+
+    class AlexArray:
+      def __init__(self, jax_val):
+        self.jax_val = jax_val
+      def __jax_array__(self):
+        return self.jax_val
+      dtype = property(lambda self: self.jax_val.dtype)
+      shape = property(lambda self: self.jax_val.shape)
+
+    x = AlexArray(jnp.array([1., 2., 3.]))
+    y = jnp.sin(x)
+    self.assertAllClose(y, jnp.sin(jnp.array([1., 2., 3.])))
+    y = api.grad(api.jit(lambda x: jnp.sin(x).sum()))(x)
+    self.assertAllClose(y, jnp.cos(jnp.array([1., 2., 3.])))
+
+    x = AlexArray(jnp.array([[1., 2., 3.]]))
+    y = api.pmap(jnp.sin)(x)
+    self.assertAllClose(y, jnp.sin(jnp.array([[1., 2., 3.]])))
+
+    x = jnp.array(1)
+    a = AlexArray(x)
+    for f in [jnp.isscalar, jnp.size, jnp.shape, jnp.dtype]:
+      self.assertEqual(f(x), f(a))
+
 
 class RematTest(jtu.JaxTestCase):