diff --git a/spanner/batch.go b/spanner/batch.go
index 6c999da23740..74088a8dbc75 100644
--- a/spanner/batch.go
+++ b/spanner/batch.go
@@ -104,13 +104,13 @@ func (t *BatchReadOnlyTransaction) PartitionRead(ctx context.Context, table stri
 // can be configured using PartitionOptions. Pass a ReadOptions to modify the
 // read operation.
 func (t *BatchReadOnlyTransaction) PartitionReadWithOptions(ctx context.Context, table string, keys KeySet, columns []string, opt PartitionOptions, readOptions ReadOptions) ([]*Partition, error) {
-	return t.PartitionReadUsingIndexWithOptions(ctx, table, "", keys, columns, opt, readOptions)
+	return t.PartitionReadUsingIndexWithOptions(ctx, table, "", keys, columns, opt, t.ReadOnlyTransaction.txReadOnly.ro.merge(readOptions))
 }
 
 // PartitionReadUsingIndex returns a list of Partitions that can be used to read
 // rows from the database using an index.
 func (t *BatchReadOnlyTransaction) PartitionReadUsingIndex(ctx context.Context, table, index string, keys KeySet, columns []string, opt PartitionOptions) ([]*Partition, error) {
-	return t.PartitionReadUsingIndexWithOptions(ctx, table, index, keys, columns, opt, ReadOptions{})
+	return t.PartitionReadUsingIndexWithOptions(ctx, table, index, keys, columns, opt, t.ReadOnlyTransaction.txReadOnly.ro)
 }
 
 // PartitionReadUsingIndexWithOptions returns a list of Partitions that can be
diff --git a/spanner/client.go b/spanner/client.go
index fbca1421cf15..7d74a0c1edda 100644
--- a/spanner/client.go
+++ b/spanner/client.go
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"cloud.google.com/go/internal/trace"
-	vkit "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/apiv1"
-	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner/internal"
 	"google.golang.org/api/option"
 	"google.golang.org/api/option/internaloption"
 	gtransport "google.golang.org/api/transport/grpc"
@@ -34,6 +32,9 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+
+	vkit "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/apiv1"
+	"cloud.google.com/go/spanner/internal"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -81,6 +82,9 @@ type Client struct {
 	idleSessions *sessionPool
 	logger       *log.Logger
 	qo           QueryOptions
+	ro           ReadOptions
+	ao           []ApplyOption
+	txo          TransactionOptions
 	ct           *commonTags
 }
 
@@ -112,6 +116,15 @@ type ClientConfig struct {
 	// QueryOptions is the configuration for executing a sql query.
 	QueryOptions QueryOptions
 
+	// ReadOptions is the configuration for reading rows from a database
+	ReadOptions ReadOptions
+
+	// ApplyOptions is the configuration for applying
+	ApplyOptions []ApplyOption
+
+	// TransactionOptions is the configuration for a transaction.
+	TransactionOptions TransactionOptions
+
 	// CallOptions is the configuration for providing custom retry settings that
 	// override the default values.
 	CallOptions *vkit.CallOptions
@@ -206,6 +219,9 @@ func NewClientWithConfig(ctx context.Context, database string, config ClientConf
 		idleSessions: sp,
 		logger:       config.logger,
 		qo:           getQueryOptions(config.QueryOptions),
+		ro:           config.ReadOptions,
+		ao:           config.ApplyOptions,
+		txo:          config.TransactionOptions,
 		ct:           getCommonTags(sc),
 	}
 	return c, nil
@@ -268,6 +284,7 @@ func (c *Client) Single() *ReadOnlyTransaction {
 	t.txReadOnly.sp = c.idleSessions
 	t.txReadOnly.txReadEnv = t
 	t.txReadOnly.qo = c.qo
+	t.txReadOnly.ro = c.ro
 	t.txReadOnly.replaceSessionFunc = func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		if t.sh == nil {
 			return spannerErrorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "missing session handle on transaction")
@@ -304,6 +321,7 @@ func (c *Client) ReadOnlyTransaction() *ReadOnlyTransaction {
 	t.txReadOnly.sp = c.idleSessions
 	t.txReadOnly.txReadEnv = t
 	t.txReadOnly.qo = c.qo
+	t.txReadOnly.ro = c.ro
 	t.ct = c.ct
 	return t
 }
@@ -373,6 +391,7 @@ func (c *Client) BatchReadOnlyTransaction(ctx context.Context, tb TimestampBound
 	t.txReadOnly.sh = sh
 	t.txReadOnly.txReadEnv = t
 	t.txReadOnly.qo = c.qo
+	t.txReadOnly.ro = c.ro
 	t.ct = c.ct
 	return t, nil
 }
@@ -401,6 +420,7 @@ func (c *Client) BatchReadOnlyTransactionFromID(tid BatchReadOnlyTransactionID)
 	t.txReadOnly.sh = sh
 	t.txReadOnly.txReadEnv = t
 	t.txReadOnly.qo = c.qo
+	t.txReadOnly.ro = c.ro
 	t.ct = c.ct
 	return t
 }
@@ -486,7 +506,8 @@ func (c *Client) rwTransaction(ctx context.Context, f func(context.Context, *Rea
 		t.txReadOnly.sh = sh
 		t.txReadOnly.txReadEnv = t
 		t.txReadOnly.qo = c.qo
-		t.txOpts = options
+		t.txReadOnly.ro = c.ro
+		t.txOpts = c.txo.merge(options)
 		t.ct = c.ct
 
 		trace.TracePrintf(ctx, map[string]interface{}{"transactionID": string(sh.getTransactionID())},
@@ -550,6 +571,11 @@ func Priority(priority sppb.RequestOptions_Priority) ApplyOption {
 // Apply applies a list of mutations atomically to the database.
 func (c *Client) Apply(ctx context.Context, ms []*Mutation, opts ...ApplyOption) (commitTimestamp time.Time, err error) {
 	ao := &applyOption{}
+
+	for _, opt := range c.ao {
+		opt(ao)
+	}
+
 	for _, opt := range opts {
 		opt(ao)
 	}
diff --git a/spanner/transaction.go b/spanner/transaction.go
index 4a467bba951c..2d58c4cfdd05 100644
--- a/spanner/transaction.go
+++ b/spanner/transaction.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"cloud.google.com/go/internal/trace"
-	vkit "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/apiv1"
 	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
 	"github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2"
 	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
@@ -32,6 +31,8 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	vkit "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/apiv1"
 )
 
 // transactionID stores a transaction ID which uniquely identifies a transaction
@@ -76,6 +77,9 @@ type txReadOnly struct {
 	// qo provides options for executing a sql query.
 	qo QueryOptions
 
+	// ro provides options for reading rows from a database.
+	ro ReadOptions
+
 	// txOpts provides options for a transaction.
 	txOpts TransactionOptions
 
@@ -97,12 +101,21 @@ type TransactionOptions struct {
 	CommitPriority sppb.RequestOptions_Priority
 }
 
-func (to *TransactionOptions) requestPriority() sppb.RequestOptions_Priority {
-	return to.CommitPriority
-}
-
-func (to *TransactionOptions) requestTag() string {
-	return ""
+// merge combines two TransactionOptions that the input parameter will have higher
+// order of precedence.
+func (to TransactionOptions) merge(opts TransactionOptions) TransactionOptions {
+	merged := TransactionOptions{
+		CommitOptions:  to.CommitOptions.merge(opts.CommitOptions),
+		TransactionTag: to.TransactionTag,
+		CommitPriority: to.CommitPriority,
+	}
+	if opts.TransactionTag != "" {
+		merged.TransactionTag = opts.TransactionTag
+	}
+	if opts.CommitPriority != sppb.RequestOptions_PRIORITY_UNSPECIFIED {
+		merged.CommitPriority = opts.CommitPriority
+	}
+	return merged
 }
 
 // errSessionClosed returns error for using a recycled/destroyed session
@@ -139,6 +152,30 @@ type ReadOptions struct {
 	RequestTag string
 }
 
+// merge combines two ReadOptions that the input parameter will have higher
+// order of precedence.
+func (ro ReadOptions) merge(opts ReadOptions) ReadOptions {
+	merged := ReadOptions{
+		Index:      ro.Index,
+		Limit:      ro.Limit,
+		Priority:   ro.Priority,
+		RequestTag: ro.RequestTag,
+	}
+	if opts.Index != "" {
+		merged.Index = opts.Index
+	}
+	if opts.Limit > 0 {
+		merged.Limit = opts.Limit
+	}
+	if opts.Priority != sppb.RequestOptions_PRIORITY_UNSPECIFIED {
+		merged.Priority = opts.Priority
+	}
+	if opts.RequestTag != "" {
+		merged.RequestTag = opts.RequestTag
+	}
+	return merged
+}
+
 // ReadWithOptions returns a RowIterator for reading multiple rows from the
 // database. Pass a ReadOptions to modify the read operation.
 func (t *txReadOnly) ReadWithOptions(ctx context.Context, table string, keys KeySet, columns []string, opts *ReadOptions) (ri *RowIterator) {
@@ -162,10 +199,10 @@ func (t *txReadOnly) ReadWithOptions(ctx context.Context, table string, keys Key
 		// Might happen if transaction is closed in the middle of a API call.
 		return &RowIterator{err: errSessionClosed(sh)}
 	}
-	index := ""
-	limit := 0
-	prio := sppb.RequestOptions_PRIORITY_UNSPECIFIED
-	requestTag := ""
+	index := t.ro.Index
+	limit := t.ro.Limit
+	prio := t.ro.Priority
+	requestTag := t.ro.RequestTag
 	if opts != nil {
 		index = opts.Index
 		if opts.Limit > 0 {
@@ -1106,11 +1143,19 @@ type CommitResponse struct {
 	CommitStats *sppb.CommitResponse_CommitStats
 }
 
-// CommitOptions provides options for commiting a transaction in a database.
+// CommitOptions provides options for committing a transaction in a database.
 type CommitOptions struct {
 	ReturnCommitStats bool
 }
 
+// merge combines two CommitOptions that the input parameter will have higher
+// order of precedence.
+func (co CommitOptions) merge(opts CommitOptions) CommitOptions {
+	return CommitOptions{
+		ReturnCommitStats: co.ReturnCommitStats || opts.ReturnCommitStats,
+	}
+}
+
 // commit tries to commit a readwrite transaction to Cloud Spanner. It also
 // returns the commit response for the transactions.
 func (t *ReadWriteTransaction) commit(ctx context.Context, options CommitOptions) (CommitResponse, error) {
@@ -1275,7 +1320,8 @@ func NewReadWriteStmtBasedTransactionWithOptions(ctx context.Context, c *Client,
 	t.txReadOnly.sh = sh
 	t.txReadOnly.txReadEnv = t
 	t.txReadOnly.qo = c.qo
-	t.txOpts = options
+	t.txReadOnly.ro = c.ro
+	t.txOpts = c.txo.merge(options)
 	t.ct = c.ct
 
 	if err = t.begin(ctx); err != nil {