From 44022788a358393c240821cbe60603042ff9d485 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Abhiraj Adhikary Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2024 12:42:38 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Update README.md --- docs/android/README.md | 149 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 125 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/android/README.md b/docs/android/README.md index 4230fe9..d445655 100644 --- a/docs/android/README.md +++ b/docs/android/README.md @@ -1,35 +1,136 @@ # Gradle for Android -Gradle is one of the most popular build tools in the Android space. -It is used for [Kotlin and Kotlin Multiplatform](../kotlin/README.md), -[Flutter](https://flutter.dev/), [React Native](https://reactnative.dev/), and other toolchains. +Gradle is one of the most popular build tools in the Android ecosystem. It is used for [Kotlin and Kotlin Multiplatform](../kotlin/README.md), [Flutter](https://flutter.dev/), [React Native](https://reactnative.dev/), and other toolchains. ## Official Documentation -The official documentation for Android development with Gradle -is provided by Google and the community on the -Android Developers site. -You can find this documentation [here](https://developer.android.com/build). +The official documentation for Android development with Gradle is provided by Google and the community on the Android Developers site. You can find this documentation [here](https://developer.android.com/build). ## Featured Recipes -- [Gradle build overview](https://developer.android.com/build/gradle-build-overview) - Understand how Gradle builds - Android applications with Gradle using Android Gradle Plugin (AGP), key concepts and the structure of a standard - Android project. -- [Android build management](https://developer.android.com/build) - Configure your Android builds for better packaging - to test, build, sign and distribute your app bundles and APKs. -- [Managing dependencies](https://developer.android.com/build/dependencies) - Configure remote repositories add external - binaries or other library modules into your build as dependencies. -- [Building project](https://developer.android.com/build/building-cmdline) - Execute tasks available for Android - projects using Gradle wrapper to build and deploy APKs and app bundles. -- [Optimizing Builds](https://developer.android.com/build/optimize-your-build) - Configure your builds to decrease the - build time resulting in a faster development of your Android projects. -- [Extending AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/extend-agp) - AGP contains extension points for plugins to control - build inputs and extend its functionality through new steps that can be integrated with standard build tasks. -- [Migration Guide](https://developer.android.com/build/migrate-to-kotlin-dsl) - Guide for migrating from Groovy to - Kotlin DSL, version catalogs, Kapt (Kotlin Annotation Processing Tool) to KSP (Kotlin Symbol Processing). -- [Troubleshooting AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/troubleshoot) - Troubleshooting guide in you encounter - issues with Android Gradle Plugin (AGP). +### **1. Gradle Build Overview** +Learn how Gradle builds Android applications using the **Android Gradle Plugin (AGP)** and explore key concepts, such as build variants and build types like `debug` and `release`. This section will help you understand the structure of a standard Android project. + +#### Key Concepts: +- **Build Variants**: Configure different variants of your application (e.g., `debug`, `release`). +- **Build Types**: Use predefined types or define custom types for different stages of development. + +```groovy +android { + buildTypes { + release { + minifyEnabled true + proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' + } + } +} +``` + +For more details, visit the [Gradle build overview](https://developer.android.com/build/gradle-build-overview). + + +### **2. Android Build Management** +Configure your Android builds for better packaging to test, build, sign, and distribute your app bundles and APKs. Learn to configure **build flavors**, set up **product dimensions**, and create **dynamic delivery modules** for efficient app distribution. + +#### Example of Build Flavors: + +```groovy +android { + flavorDimensions "version" + productFlavors { + free { + dimension "version" + } + paid { + dimension "version" + } + } +} +``` + +For more insights, visit [Android build management](https://developer.android.com/build). + + +### **3. Managing Dependencies** +Gradle allows you to add external binaries or library modules as dependencies. Proper dependency management is essential for maintaining large Android projects. You can now resolve version conflicts using **version catalogs** and handle dependencies for **Kotlin Multiplatform** projects. + +#### Managing Dependencies in `build.gradle`: +```groovy +dependencies { + implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0' + implementation platform('com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:26.7.0') +} +``` + +Visit the [Managing dependencies](https://developer.android.com/build/dependencies) page for more. + + +### **4. Building Projects** +Use the **Gradle Wrapper** to execute tasks for building and deploying APKs or app bundles. Learn to automate build pipelines with **CI/CD** systems, providing seamless integration with cloud platforms. + +#### Example of building an APK: +```bash +./gradlew assembleDebug +``` + +This command compiles and packages the APK in `debug` mode. Learn more about building Android projects at [Building project](https://developer.android.com/build/building-cmdline). + + +### **5. Optimizing Builds** +You can reduce build times by configuring **build caching**, **parallel execution**, and **Gradle Daemon** tuning, which is crucial for large-scale projects. These techniques optimize performance during the development cycle. + +#### Example of enabling parallel execution: +```groovy +org.gradle.parallel=true +``` + +For further optimizations, visit [Optimizing Builds](https://developer.android.com/build/optimize-your-build). + + +### **6. Extending AGP** +Extend the **Android Gradle Plugin (AGP)** by creating custom plugins or tasks that integrate with existing build tasks. This allows you to tailor your build process to fit your project’s unique requirements. + +#### Example of a custom task in Groovy: +```groovy +task hello { + doLast { + println 'Hello, Android Developers!' + } +} +``` + +For details on how to extend AGP, check out [Extending AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/extend-agp). + + + +### **7. Migration Guide** +If you are migrating from **Groovy** to **Kotlin DSL**, follow the comprehensive steps to ensure a smooth transition. This guide covers moving from **Kapt** to **KSP** for annotation processing. + +#### Example of Kotlin DSL in `build.gradle.kts`: +```kotlin +plugins { + id("com.android.application") + kotlin("android") +} +``` + +For a complete migration guide, visit [Migration Guide](https://developer.android.com/build/migrate-to-kotlin-dsl). + + +### **8. Troubleshooting AGP** +This guide provides solutions to common issues with the **Android Gradle Plugin (AGP)**, including resolving dependency conflicts, handling build script errors, and identifying performance bottlenecks. + +#### Common Fix: Handling Dependency Resolution Failures +```groovy +configurations.all { + resolutionStrategy { + force 'com.google.guava:guava:27.0.1-android' + } +} +``` + +For more troubleshooting tips, visit [Troubleshooting AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/troubleshoot). + ## References From f3cb14f38703b84b0db8d0b39ab0fa4411ad1dfe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Abhiraj Adhikary Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2024 13:32:48 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Added 'optimization.md' and 'troubleshooting.md' files --- docs/android/optimization.md | 0 docs/android/troubleshooting.md | 0 2 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) create mode 100644 docs/android/optimization.md create mode 100644 docs/android/troubleshooting.md diff --git a/docs/android/optimization.md b/docs/android/optimization.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/docs/android/troubleshooting.md b/docs/android/troubleshooting.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 From ae202be0a961b06e1c12a9c5e206f413d8b029c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Abhiraj Adhikary Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2024 13:35:27 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Update README with new proposal --- docs/android/README.md | 136 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 74 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/android/README.md b/docs/android/README.md index d445655..15e46c9 100644 --- a/docs/android/README.md +++ b/docs/android/README.md @@ -8,129 +8,141 @@ The official documentation for Android development with Gradle is provided by Go ## Featured Recipes +- [Gradle build overview](https://developer.android.com/build/gradle-build-overview) - Understand how Gradle builds Android applications with Gradle using Android Gradle Plugin (AGP), key concepts, and the structure of a standard Android project. + +- [Android build management](https://developer.android.com/build) - Configure your Android builds for better packaging to test, build, sign, and distribute your app bundles and APKs. + +- [Managing dependencies](https://developer.android.com/build/dependencies) - Configure remote repositories to add external binaries or other library modules into your build as dependencies. + +- [Building project](https://developer.android.com/build/building-cmdline) - Execute tasks available for Android projects using the Gradle wrapper to build and deploy APKs and app bundles. + +- [Optimizing Builds](https://developer.android.com/build/optimize-your-build) - Configure your builds to decrease the build time, resulting in faster development of your Android projects. + +- [Extending AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/extend-agp) - AGP contains extension points for plugins to control build inputs and extend its functionality through new steps that can be integrated with standard build tasks. + +- [Migration Guide](https://developer.android.com/build/migrate-to-kotlin-dsl) - Guide for migrating from Groovy to Kotlin DSL, version catalogs, Kapt (Kotlin Annotation Processing Tool) to KSP (Kotlin Symbol Processing). + +- [Troubleshooting AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/troubleshoot) - Troubleshooting guide if you encounter issues with the Android Gradle Plugin (AGP). + +## Expanded Sections + ### **1. Gradle Build Overview** -Learn how Gradle builds Android applications using the **Android Gradle Plugin (AGP)** and explore key concepts, such as build variants and build types like `debug` and `release`. This section will help you understand the structure of a standard Android project. +Gradle builds Android applications using the **Android Gradle Plugin (AGP)**, which provides the flexibility to define build types, product flavors, and dependencies. Understanding these key concepts is crucial for creating efficient and scalable Android projects. #### Key Concepts: -- **Build Variants**: Configure different variants of your application (e.g., `debug`, `release`). -- **Build Types**: Use predefined types or define custom types for different stages of development. +- **Build Variants**: Manage multiple variants of your app such as `debug` and `release`. +- **Build Types**: Use predefined types (e.g., `debug`, `release`) to control various build configurations. +- **Kotlin DSL**: Gradle uses Kotlin DSL by default for better type safety and editor support in Android builds. -```groovy +#### Example in Kotlin DSL: +```kotlin android { buildTypes { release { - minifyEnabled true - proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' + minifyEnabled(true) + proguardFiles(getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android-optimize.txt"), "proguard-rules.pro") } } } ``` - For more details, visit the [Gradle build overview](https://developer.android.com/build/gradle-build-overview). - ### **2. Android Build Management** -Configure your Android builds for better packaging to test, build, sign, and distribute your app bundles and APKs. Learn to configure **build flavors**, set up **product dimensions**, and create **dynamic delivery modules** for efficient app distribution. +Android build management allows you to define various configurations for packaging, testing, signing, and distributing your app. The ability to manage product flavors, build types, and dynamic delivery modules ensures flexibility across different versions of your app. #### Example of Build Flavors: - -```groovy +```kotlin android { - flavorDimensions "version" + flavorDimensions("version") productFlavors { - free { - dimension "version" + create("free") { + dimension = "version" } - paid { - dimension "version" + create("paid") { + dimension = "version" } } } ``` - -For more insights, visit [Android build management](https://developer.android.com/build). - +For more information, visit [Android build management](https://developer.android.com/build). ### **3. Managing Dependencies** -Gradle allows you to add external binaries or library modules as dependencies. Proper dependency management is essential for maintaining large Android projects. You can now resolve version conflicts using **version catalogs** and handle dependencies for **Kotlin Multiplatform** projects. +Gradle enables the addition of external binaries or library modules as dependencies, which is essential for maintaining large Android projects. You can also use **version catalogs** to resolve dependency version conflicts and handle dependencies in **Kotlin Multiplatform** projects. -#### Managing Dependencies in `build.gradle`: -```groovy +#### Example of Dependencies in Kotlin DSL: +```kotlin dependencies { - implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0' - implementation platform('com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:26.7.0') + implementation("com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0") + implementation(platform("com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:26.7.0")) } ``` - -Visit the [Managing dependencies](https://developer.android.com/build/dependencies) page for more. - +For more information, visit [Managing dependencies](https://developer.android.com/build/dependencies). ### **4. Building Projects** -Use the **Gradle Wrapper** to execute tasks for building and deploying APKs or app bundles. Learn to automate build pipelines with **CI/CD** systems, providing seamless integration with cloud platforms. -#### Example of building an APK: -```bash -./gradlew assembleDebug -``` +Gradle provides tasks for building your Android projects, including compiling code, packaging APKs, and generating app bundles. Using the **Gradle wrapper**, you can ensure build consistency across environments. -This command compiles and packages the APK in `debug` mode. Learn more about building Android projects at [Building project](https://developer.android.com/build/building-cmdline). +#### Example of Building an APK with Kotlin DSL: +```kotlin +tasks.register("assembleDebug") { +doLast { +println("Building APK in debug mode...") +} +} +``` +This Kotlin example registers a task to build the APK in debug mode. For more detailed steps on building projects and packaging apps, visit the [Building Projects Guide](https://developer.android.com/build/building-cmdline). ### **5. Optimizing Builds** -You can reduce build times by configuring **build caching**, **parallel execution**, and **Gradle Daemon** tuning, which is crucial for large-scale projects. These techniques optimize performance during the development cycle. +Gradle provides various options to improve build performance, including **build caching**, **parallel execution**, and **Gradle Daemon tuning**. These methods are especially beneficial for larger projects, helping to reduce build times and enhance productivity. -#### Example of enabling parallel execution: -```groovy +#### Example of Enabling Parallel Execution: +```properties org.gradle.parallel=true ``` -For further optimizations, visit [Optimizing Builds](https://developer.android.com/build/optimize-your-build). +To explore more optimization techniques and configure your builds for better performance, check out our detailed guide: [Gradle Build Optimization](docs/android/optimization.md). +For further information, visit the **official** [Optimizing Builds Guide](https://developer.android.com/build/optimize-your-build). ### **6. Extending AGP** -Extend the **Android Gradle Plugin (AGP)** by creating custom plugins or tasks that integrate with existing build tasks. This allows you to tailor your build process to fit your project’s unique requirements. +You can extend the Android Gradle Plugin (AGP) by writing custom tasks and plugins to integrate new functionality into the existing build system. This allows for advanced customization and flexibility in your build processes. -#### Example of a custom task in Groovy: -```groovy -task hello { +#### Example of a Custom Task: +```kotlin +tasks.register("hello") { doLast { - println 'Hello, Android Developers!' + println("Hello, Android Developers!") } } ``` +For more information, visit [Extending AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/extend-agp). -For details on how to extend AGP, check out [Extending AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/extend-agp). +### **7. Migration Guide** +With the shift from **Groovy** to **Kotlin DSL** in the Android ecosystem, migrating your build scripts is essential. This guide helps you transition your build configurations and annotation processing from **Kapt** to **KSP**. +For detailed steps and best practices, refer to the [official Migration Guide](https://developer.android.com/build/migrate-to-kotlin-dsl). -### **7. Migration Guide** -If you are migrating from **Groovy** to **Kotlin DSL**, follow the comprehensive steps to ensure a smooth transition. This guide covers moving from **Kapt** to **KSP** for annotation processing. +### **8. Troubleshooting AGP** + +Encountering issues with the Android Gradle Plugin (AGP) is common, and this section provides solutions to common problems such as dependency resolution failures, build script errors, and performance bottlenecks. -#### Example of Kotlin DSL in `build.gradle.kts`: +#### Example of Dependency Conflict Resolution: ```kotlin -plugins { - id("com.android.application") - kotlin("android") -} -``` +configurations.all { -For a complete migration guide, visit [Migration Guide](https://developer.android.com/build/migrate-to-kotlin-dsl). +resolutionStrategy { +force("com.google.guava:guava:27.0.1-android") -### **8. Troubleshooting AGP** -This guide provides solutions to common issues with the **Android Gradle Plugin (AGP)**, including resolving dependency conflicts, handling build script errors, and identifying performance bottlenecks. +} -#### Common Fix: Handling Dependency Resolution Failures -```groovy -configurations.all { - resolutionStrategy { - force 'com.google.guava:guava:27.0.1-android' - } } ``` +For more troubleshooting tips, visit the **official** [Troubleshooting AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/troubleshoot) page. -For more troubleshooting tips, visit [Troubleshooting AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/troubleshoot). - +You can also check the [Gradle Troubleshooting](docs/android/troubleshooting.md) page for additional help with Gradle-specific issues. ## References From 56e980c435b162fc7e150663b33bc20cd1752ccf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Abhiraj Adhikary Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2024 14:35:00 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Update optimization.md --- docs/android/optimization.md | 9 +++++++++ 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+) diff --git a/docs/android/optimization.md b/docs/android/optimization.md index e69de29..e388710 100644 --- a/docs/android/optimization.md +++ b/docs/android/optimization.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +# Gradle Build Optimization + +This page references key external resources to help you optimize your Android Gradle builds. Below are some techniques and guides: + +- [Build Caching](https://developer.android.com/build/optimize-your-build#build-cache) – Reduce unnecessary tasks by reusing outputs from previous builds. +- [Parallel Execution](https://developer.android.com/build/optimize-your-build#parallel-execution) – Execute independent tasks in parallel to speed up the build. +- [Gradle Daemon](https://developer.android.com/build/optimize-your-build#gradle-daemon) – Optimize build performance by using a persistent process for faster execution. + +More original content will be added soon to cover performance monitoring, advanced caching strategies, and Gradle tuning specific to large-scale projects. From eb0e702ab5cd13b79110db55097ccd479be8de36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Abhiraj Adhikary Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2024 14:35:19 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Update troubleshooting.md --- docs/android/troubleshooting.md | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+) diff --git a/docs/android/troubleshooting.md b/docs/android/troubleshooting.md index e69de29..b4461da 100644 --- a/docs/android/troubleshooting.md +++ b/docs/android/troubleshooting.md @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Troubleshooting Android Gradle Plugin (AGP) + +This page serves as a resource for resolving common issues encountered while working with the Android Gradle Plugin (AGP). Below are some typical problems and solutions. + +## Common Issues + +### 1. Dependency Resolution Failures +Dependency conflicts can arise when multiple libraries require different versions of the same dependency. Use the following example to enforce a specific version: + +```kotlin +configurations.all { + resolutionStrategy { + force("com.google.guava:guava:27.0.1-android") + } +} +``` + +### 2. Build Script Errors +Errors in the build script can prevent the project from compiling. Ensure that all plugins and dependencies are correctly defined. Review the logs for specific error messages that can guide you to the problem. + +### 3. Performance Bottlenecks +Build performance issues may occur due to improper configurations. To optimize your build time, consider using techniques like enabling build caching and parallel execution. + +## Additional Resources +- [Troubleshooting AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/troubleshoot) page. + +## Contributing +Feel free to add additional tips or common issues you encounter. Contributions are welcome to improve this troubleshooting guide. From 57502e2ab8d399cfdcb2bcb03fc85383aa1dd49b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Abhiraj Adhikary Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2024 21:46:03 +0530 Subject: [PATCH 6/6] Removed errors in Kotlin codes --- docs/android/README.md | 30 +++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/android/README.md b/docs/android/README.md index 15e46c9..5df8c1f 100644 --- a/docs/android/README.md +++ b/docs/android/README.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ + # Gradle for Android Gradle is one of the most popular build tools in the Android ecosystem. It is used for [Kotlin and Kotlin Multiplatform](../kotlin/README.md), [Flutter](https://flutter.dev/), [React Native](https://reactnative.dev/), and other toolchains. @@ -40,7 +41,10 @@ android { buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled(true) - proguardFiles(getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android-optimize.txt"), "proguard-rules.pro") + proguardFiles( + getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android-optimize.txt"), + "proguard-rules.pro" + ) } } } @@ -55,10 +59,10 @@ Android build management allows you to define various configurations for packagi android { flavorDimensions("version") productFlavors { - create("free") { + free { dimension = "version" } - create("paid") { + paid { dimension = "version" } } @@ -85,10 +89,10 @@ Gradle provides tasks for building your Android projects, including compiling co #### Example of Building an APK with Kotlin DSL: ```kotlin -tasks.register("assembleDebug") { -doLast { -println("Building APK in debug mode...") -} +tasks.register("customAssembleDebug") { + doLast { + println("Building APK in debug mode...") + } } ``` This Kotlin example registers a task to build the APK in debug mode. For more detailed steps on building projects and packaging apps, visit the [Building Projects Guide](https://developer.android.com/build/building-cmdline). @@ -110,7 +114,7 @@ You can extend the Android Gradle Plugin (AGP) by writing custom tasks and plugi #### Example of a Custom Task: ```kotlin -tasks.register("hello") { +tasks.register("printHelloMessage") { doLast { println("Hello, Android Developers!") } @@ -131,13 +135,9 @@ Encountering issues with the Android Gradle Plugin (AGP) is common, and this sec #### Example of Dependency Conflict Resolution: ```kotlin configurations.all { - -resolutionStrategy { - -force("com.google.guava:guava:27.0.1-android") - -} - + resolutionStrategy { + force("com.google.guava:guava:27.0.1-android") + } } ``` For more troubleshooting tips, visit the **official** [Troubleshooting AGP](https://developer.android.com/build/troubleshoot) page.