diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 9e36e85784..9fdde24963 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 * [BUGFIX] Distributor: don't panic when `metric_relabel_configs` in overrides contains null element. #3868
 * [BUGFIX] Distributor: don't panic when OTLP histograms don't have any buckets. #3853
 * [BUGFIX] Ingester, Compactor: fix panic that can occur when compaction fails. #3955
+* [BUGFIX] Store-gateway: return `Canceled` rather than `Aborted` error when the calling querier cancels the request. #4007
 
 ### Mixin
 
diff --git a/pkg/storegateway/bucket.go b/pkg/storegateway/bucket.go
index f3f3dba1c5..55a7b73062 100644
--- a/pkg/storegateway/bucket.go
+++ b/pkg/storegateway/bucket.go
@@ -817,6 +817,8 @@ func (s *BucketStore) Series(req *storepb.SeriesRequest, srv storepb.Store_Serie
 		code := codes.Aborted
 		if st, ok := status.FromError(errors.Cause(err)); ok {
 			code = st.Code()
+		} else if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			code = codes.Canceled
 		}
 		err = status.Error(code, err.Error())
 	}()
diff --git a/pkg/storegateway/bucket_test.go b/pkg/storegateway/bucket_test.go
index bbf3bf9def..299f36adc8 100644
--- a/pkg/storegateway/bucket_test.go
+++ b/pkg/storegateway/bucket_test.go
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/thanos-io/objstore/providers/filesystem"
 	"go.uber.org/atomic"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
 	"github.com/grafana/mimir/pkg/mimirpb"
 	"github.com/grafana/mimir/pkg/storage/bucket"
@@ -1697,6 +1699,108 @@ func TestSeries_ErrorUnmarshallingRequestHints(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, true, regexp.MustCompile(".*unmarshal series request hints.*").MatchString(err.Error()))
 }
 
+func TestSeries_CanceledRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	bktDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "bkt")
+	bkt, err := filesystem.NewBucket(bktDir)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { assert.NoError(t, bkt.Close()) }()
+
+	logger := log.NewNopLogger()
+	instrBkt := objstore.WithNoopInstr(bkt)
+	fetcher, err := block.NewMetaFetcher(logger, 10, instrBkt, tmpDir, nil, nil)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	store, err := NewBucketStore(
+		"test",
+		instrBkt,
+		fetcher,
+		tmpDir,
+		NewChunksLimiterFactory(10000/MaxSamplesPerChunk),
+		NewSeriesLimiterFactory(0),
+		newGapBasedPartitioner(mimir_tsdb.DefaultPartitionerMaxGapSize, nil),
+		10,
+		mimir_tsdb.DefaultPostingOffsetInMemorySampling,
+		indexheader.Config{},
+		false,
+		0,
+		hashcache.NewSeriesHashCache(1024*1024),
+		NewBucketStoreMetrics(nil),
+		WithLogger(logger),
+		WithQueryGate(gate.NewBlocking(0)),
+	)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { assert.NoError(t, store.RemoveBlocksAndClose()) }()
+
+	req := &storepb.SeriesRequest{
+		MinTime: 0,
+		MaxTime: 3,
+		Matchers: []storepb.LabelMatcher{
+			{Type: storepb.LabelMatcher_EQ, Name: "foo", Value: "bar"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	srv := newBucketStoreSeriesServer(ctx)
+	err = store.Series(req, srv)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	s, ok := status.FromError(err)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.Canceled, s.Code())
+}
+
+func TestSeries_InvalidRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	bktDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "bkt")
+	bkt, err := filesystem.NewBucket(bktDir)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { assert.NoError(t, bkt.Close()) }()
+
+	logger := log.NewNopLogger()
+	instrBkt := objstore.WithNoopInstr(bkt)
+	fetcher, err := block.NewMetaFetcher(logger, 10, instrBkt, tmpDir, nil, nil)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	store, err := NewBucketStore(
+		"test",
+		instrBkt,
+		fetcher,
+		tmpDir,
+		NewChunksLimiterFactory(10000/MaxSamplesPerChunk),
+		NewSeriesLimiterFactory(0),
+		newGapBasedPartitioner(mimir_tsdb.DefaultPartitionerMaxGapSize, nil),
+		10,
+		mimir_tsdb.DefaultPostingOffsetInMemorySampling,
+		indexheader.Config{},
+		false,
+		0,
+		hashcache.NewSeriesHashCache(1024*1024),
+		NewBucketStoreMetrics(nil),
+		WithLogger(logger),
+	)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { assert.NoError(t, store.RemoveBlocksAndClose()) }()
+
+	// Use an invalid matcher regex to trigger an error.
+	req := &storepb.SeriesRequest{
+		MinTime: 0,
+		MaxTime: 3,
+		Matchers: []storepb.LabelMatcher{
+			{Type: storepb.LabelMatcher_RE, Name: "foo", Value: "("},
+		},
+	}
+
+	srv := newBucketStoreSeriesServer(context.Background())
+	err = store.Series(req, srv)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	s, ok := status.FromError(err)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.InvalidArgument, s.Code())
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, s.Err(), "error parsing regexp: missing closing )")
+}
+
 func TestSeries_BlockWithMultipleChunks(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()