diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 426f8182..8103b192 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2465,7 +2465,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "grafbase-postgres"
-version = "0.3.8"
+version = "0.3.9"
 dependencies = [
  "Inflector",
  "anyhow",
diff --git a/cli/postgres/CHANGELOG.md b/cli/postgres/CHANGELOG.md
index 4a25fceb..75969fe1 100644
--- a/cli/postgres/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/cli/postgres/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 All notable changes to the Grafbase PostgreSQL CLI tool will be documented in this file.
 
+## [0.3.9] - 2025-09-05
+
+- Generate `@lookup` fields without non-null wrappers, since per the composite schemas spec, lookup fields should be nullable.
+
 ## [0.3.7] - 2025-05-22
 
 ### Added
diff --git a/cli/postgres/Cargo.toml b/cli/postgres/Cargo.toml
index 4f1a5b39..dd71e57b 100644
--- a/cli/postgres/Cargo.toml
+++ b/cli/postgres/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "grafbase-postgres"
-version = "0.3.8"
+version = "0.3.9"
 edition = "2024"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 
diff --git a/crates/postgres-introspection/src/render/query.rs b/crates/postgres-introspection/src/render/query.rs
index 8a6cf15f..4a5f4c09 100644
--- a/crates/postgres-introspection/src/render/query.rs
+++ b/crates/postgres-introspection/src/render/query.rs
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ pub fn render<'a>(
             None => format!("{}_lookup", table.client_name()).to_camel_case(),
         };
 
-        let mut field = Field::new(field_name, format!("[{}]!", table.client_name()));
+        let mut field = Field::new(field_name, format!("[{}]", table.client_name()));
 
         field.set_description(format!(
             "Lookup multiple {} for subgraph joins",
diff --git a/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/configuration.rs b/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/configuration.rs
index 5fab7520..86420a46 100644
--- a/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/configuration.rs
+++ b/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/configuration.rs
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ async fn globally_disabled_mutations() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Loser
       """
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ async fn globally_disabled_mutations() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
     "#);
 }
@@ -1548,7 +1548,7 @@ async fn disable_mutations_per_schema() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Loser
       """
@@ -1595,7 +1595,7 @@ async fn disable_mutations_per_schema() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -2246,7 +2246,7 @@ async fn disable_queries_per_schema() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -3107,7 +3107,7 @@ async fn disable_mutations_per_table() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Loser
       """
@@ -3154,7 +3154,7 @@ async fn disable_mutations_per_table() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Woof
       """
@@ -3201,7 +3201,7 @@ async fn disable_mutations_per_table() {
         Filter woofs with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: WoofManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Woof]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Woof] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -4134,7 +4134,7 @@ async fn disable_queries_per_table() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Woof
       """
@@ -4181,7 +4181,7 @@ async fn disable_queries_per_table() {
         Filter woofs with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: WoofManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Woof]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Woof] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -4886,7 +4886,7 @@ async fn schema_mutations_setting_takes_precedence_over_global_setting() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Loser
       """
@@ -4933,7 +4933,7 @@ async fn schema_mutations_setting_takes_precedence_over_global_setting() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -5586,7 +5586,7 @@ async fn schema_queries_setting_takes_precedence_over_global_setting() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -6229,7 +6229,7 @@ async fn table_mutations_setting_takes_precedence_over_global_setting() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Loser
       """
@@ -6276,7 +6276,7 @@ async fn table_mutations_setting_takes_precedence_over_global_setting() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -6929,7 +6929,7 @@ async fn table_queries_setting_takes_precedence_over_global_setting() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -7795,7 +7795,7 @@ async fn table_mutations_setting_takes_precedence_over_schema_setting() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Loser
       """
@@ -7842,7 +7842,7 @@ async fn table_mutations_setting_takes_precedence_over_schema_setting() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Woof
       """
@@ -7889,7 +7889,7 @@ async fn table_mutations_setting_takes_precedence_over_schema_setting() {
         Filter woofs with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: WoofManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Woof]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Woof] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -8827,7 +8827,7 @@ async fn table_queries_setting_takes_precedence_over_schema_setting() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Loser
       """
@@ -8874,7 +8874,7 @@ async fn table_queries_setting_takes_precedence_over_schema_setting() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -10426,7 +10426,7 @@ async fn disable_queries_per_view() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Loser
       """
@@ -10473,7 +10473,7 @@ async fn disable_queries_per_view() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Meow
       """
@@ -10520,7 +10520,7 @@ async fn disable_queries_per_view() {
         Filter meows with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: MeowManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Meow]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Meow] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -11086,7 +11086,7 @@ async fn schema_allowlist() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -11577,7 +11577,7 @@ async fn schema_allowlist_should_hide_relations() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -12293,7 +12293,7 @@ async fn schema_denylist() {
         Filter posts with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: PostManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Post]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Post] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Loser
       """
@@ -12340,7 +12340,7 @@ async fn schema_denylist() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -12910,7 +12910,7 @@ async fn schema_allowlist_and_denylist_precedence() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -13727,7 +13727,7 @@ async fn schema_multiple_allowlists() {
         Filter posts with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: PostManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Post]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Post] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Loser
       """
@@ -13774,7 +13774,7 @@ async fn schema_multiple_allowlists() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -14568,7 +14568,7 @@ async fn schema_multiple_denylists() {
         Filter settings with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: SettingManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Setting]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Setting] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique User
       """
@@ -14615,7 +14615,7 @@ async fn schema_multiple_denylists() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -15170,7 +15170,7 @@ async fn schema_denylist_should_hide_relations() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -15664,7 +15664,7 @@ async fn table_allowlist() {
         Filter losers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: LoserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Loser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Loser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -16370,7 +16370,7 @@ async fn table_denylist() {
         Filter posts with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: PostManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Post]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Post] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique User
       """
@@ -16417,7 +16417,7 @@ async fn table_denylist() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -16974,7 +16974,7 @@ async fn allowlist_denylist_precedence() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -17729,7 +17729,7 @@ async fn allowlist_with_foreign_key_relationships() {
         Filter comments with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: CommentManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Comment]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Comment] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique User
       """
@@ -17776,7 +17776,7 @@ async fn allowlist_with_foreign_key_relationships() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -18567,7 +18567,7 @@ async fn multiple_schema_support() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Comment
       """
@@ -18614,7 +18614,7 @@ async fn multiple_schema_support() {
         Filter comments with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: CommentManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Comment]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Comment] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -19076,7 +19076,7 @@ async fn empty_allowlist_behavior() {
         Filter usersPosts with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UsersPostManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [UsersPost]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [UsersPost] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
     "#);
 }
diff --git a/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/derive_is.rs b/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/derive_is.rs
index f1609da0..505cba5a 100644
--- a/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/derive_is.rs
+++ b/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/derive_is.rs
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ async fn one_column_required() {
         Filter posts with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: PostManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Post]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Post] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ async fn composite_required() {
         Filter posts with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: PostManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Post]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Post] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -1685,7 +1685,7 @@ async fn only_column_nullable() {
         Filter posts with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: PostManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Post]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Post] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -2295,7 +2295,7 @@ async fn composite_one_nullable() {
         Filter posts with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: PostManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Post]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Post] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
diff --git a/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/mod.rs b/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/mod.rs
index 97ebbce7..0eddff3e 100644
--- a/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/mod.rs
+++ b/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/mod.rs
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ async fn table_with_generated_always_identity_primary_key() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ async fn table_with_generated_by_default_identity_primary_key() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -1412,7 +1412,7 @@ async fn table_with_serial_primary_key() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -2001,7 +2001,7 @@ async fn table_with_enum_field() {
         Filter as with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: AManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [A]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [A] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -2504,7 +2504,7 @@ async fn table_with_int_primary_key() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -3007,7 +3007,7 @@ async fn table_with_int_unique() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -3598,7 +3598,7 @@ async fn table_with_serial_primary_key_string_unique() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -4126,7 +4126,7 @@ async fn table_with_composite_primary_key() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -4857,7 +4857,7 @@ async fn two_schemas_same_table_name() {
         Filter privateUsers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: PrivateUserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [PrivateUser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [PrivateUser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique PublicUser
       """
@@ -4904,7 +4904,7 @@ async fn two_schemas_same_table_name() {
         Filter publicUsers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: PublicUserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [PublicUser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [PublicUser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -5563,7 +5563,7 @@ async fn table_with_an_array_column() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -6165,7 +6165,7 @@ async fn table_with_jsonb_column() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -6767,7 +6767,7 @@ async fn table_with_json_column() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -7690,7 +7690,7 @@ async fn two_tables_with_single_column_foreign_key() {
         Filter blogs with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: BlogManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Blog]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Blog] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique User
       """
@@ -7737,7 +7737,7 @@ async fn two_tables_with_single_column_foreign_key() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -8288,7 +8288,7 @@ async fn foreign_key_to_a_table_without_a_key_should_not_create_a_relation() {
         Filter visibleTables with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: VisibleTableManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [VisibleTable]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [VisibleTable] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -9260,7 +9260,7 @@ async fn issue_november_2023() {
         Filter networks with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: NetworkManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Network]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Network] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique Project
       """
@@ -9307,7 +9307,7 @@ async fn issue_november_2023() {
         Filter projects with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: ProjectManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Project]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Project] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -9881,7 +9881,7 @@ async fn table_with_comment() {
         Filter commentedTables with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: CommentedTableManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [CommentedTable]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [CommentedTable] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -10471,7 +10471,7 @@ async fn table_with_commented_column() {
         Filter commentedColumnTables with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: CommentedColumnTableManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [CommentedColumnTable]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [CommentedColumnTable] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -11068,7 +11068,7 @@ async fn enum_with_comment() {
         Filter usesCommentedEnums with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UsesCommentedEnumManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [UsesCommentedEnum]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [UsesCommentedEnum] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -11883,7 +11883,7 @@ async fn table_with_commented_foreign_key() {
         Filter postFkComments with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: PostFkCommentManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [PostFkComment]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [PostFkComment] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique UserFkComment
       """
@@ -11930,7 +11930,7 @@ async fn table_with_commented_foreign_key() {
         Filter userFkComments with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserFkCommentManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [UserFkComment]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [UserFkComment] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
diff --git a/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/views.rs b/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/views.rs
index a4990890..9ac1f4ca 100644
--- a/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/views.rs
+++ b/extensions/postgres/tests/introspection/views.rs
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ async fn view_with_int_unique() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique FilteredUser
       """
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ async fn view_with_int_unique() {
         Filter filteredUsers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: FilteredUserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [FilteredUser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [FilteredUser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -1194,7 +1194,7 @@ async fn materialized_view_with_int_unique() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique FilteredUser
       """
@@ -1241,7 +1241,7 @@ async fn materialized_view_with_int_unique() {
         Filter filteredUsers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: FilteredUserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [FilteredUser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [FilteredUser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -1904,7 +1904,7 @@ async fn view_with_composite_key() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique FilteredUser
       """
@@ -1951,7 +1951,7 @@ async fn view_with_composite_key() {
         Filter filteredUsers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: FilteredUserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [FilteredUser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [FilteredUser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -2861,7 +2861,7 @@ async fn view_with_relation_from_view_to_table() {
         Filter blogs with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: BlogManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Blog]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Blog] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique User
       """
@@ -2908,7 +2908,7 @@ async fn view_with_relation_from_view_to_table() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique FilteredUser
       """
@@ -2955,7 +2955,7 @@ async fn view_with_relation_from_view_to_table() {
         Filter filteredUsers with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: FilteredUserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [FilteredUser]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [FilteredUser] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {
@@ -3936,7 +3936,7 @@ async fn view_with_relation_from_table_to_view() {
         Filter blogs with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: BlogManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [Blog]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [Blog] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique User
       """
@@ -3983,7 +3983,7 @@ async fn view_with_relation_from_table_to_view() {
         Filter users with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: UserManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [User]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [User] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
       """
       Query a unique FilteredBlog
       """
@@ -4030,7 +4030,7 @@ async fn view_with_relation_from_table_to_view() {
         Filter filteredBlogs with an array of keys
         """
         lookup: FilteredBlogManyLookupInput @inaccessible,
-      ): [FilteredBlog]! @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
+      ): [FilteredBlog] @pgLookup @lookup @inaccessible
     }
 
     type Mutation {