diff --git a/juniper/src/http/mod.rs b/juniper/src/http/mod.rs
index 15fc695b5..5848fe94a 100644
--- a/juniper/src/http/mod.rs
+++ b/juniper/src/http/mod.rs
@@ -247,8 +247,6 @@ where
         QueryT: crate::GraphQLType<S, Context = CtxT>,
         MutationT: crate::GraphQLType<S, Context = CtxT>,
         SubscriptionT: crate::GraphQLType<S, Context = CtxT>,
-        SubscriptionT::TypeInfo: Send + Sync,
-        CtxT: Send + Sync,
     {
         match *self {
             GraphQLBatchRequest::Single(ref request) => {
diff --git a/juniper_rocket/src/lib.rs b/juniper_rocket/src/lib.rs
index 7b2b82bab..e50350f75 100644
--- a/juniper_rocket/src/lib.rs
+++ b/juniper_rocket/src/lib.rs
@@ -54,81 +54,9 @@ use rocket::{
 use juniper::{http, InputValue};
 
 use juniper::{
-    serde::Deserialize, DefaultScalarValue, FieldError, GraphQLType, RootNode, ScalarValue,
+    http::GraphQLBatchRequest, DefaultScalarValue, FieldError, GraphQLType, RootNode, ScalarValue,
 };
 
-#[derive(Debug, serde_derive::Deserialize, PartialEq)]
-#[serde(untagged)]
-#[serde(bound = "InputValue<S>: Deserialize<'de>")]
-enum GraphQLBatchRequest<S = DefaultScalarValue>
-where
-    S: ScalarValue,
-{
-    Single(http::GraphQLRequest<S>),
-    Batch(Vec<http::GraphQLRequest<S>>),
-}
-
-#[derive(serde_derive::Serialize)]
-#[serde(untagged)]
-enum GraphQLBatchResponse<'a, S = DefaultScalarValue>
-where
-    S: ScalarValue,
-{
-    Single(http::GraphQLResponse<'a, S>),
-    Batch(Vec<http::GraphQLResponse<'a, S>>),
-}
-
-impl<S> GraphQLBatchRequest<S>
-where
-    S: ScalarValue,
-{
-    pub fn execute_sync<'a, CtxT, QueryT, MutationT, SubscriptionT>(
-        &'a self,
-        root_node: &'a RootNode<QueryT, MutationT, SubscriptionT, S>,
-        context: &CtxT,
-    ) -> GraphQLBatchResponse<'a, S>
-    where
-        QueryT: GraphQLType<S, Context = CtxT>,
-        MutationT: GraphQLType<S, Context = CtxT>,
-        SubscriptionT: GraphQLType<S, Context = CtxT>,
-    {
-        match *self {
-            GraphQLBatchRequest::Single(ref request) => {
-                GraphQLBatchResponse::Single(request.execute_sync(root_node, context))
-            }
-            GraphQLBatchRequest::Batch(ref requests) => GraphQLBatchResponse::Batch(
-                requests
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|request| request.execute_sync(root_node, context))
-                    .collect(),
-            ),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn operation_names(&self) -> Vec<Option<&str>> {
-        match self {
-            GraphQLBatchRequest::Single(req) => vec![req.operation_name()],
-            GraphQLBatchRequest::Batch(reqs) => {
-                reqs.iter().map(|req| req.operation_name()).collect()
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a, S> GraphQLBatchResponse<'a, S>
-where
-    S: ScalarValue,
-{
-    fn is_ok(&self) -> bool {
-        match *self {
-            GraphQLBatchResponse::Single(ref response) => response.is_ok(),
-            GraphQLBatchResponse::Batch(ref responses) => {
-                responses.iter().all(|response| response.is_ok())
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// Simple wrapper around an incoming GraphQL request
 ///
 /// See the `http` module for more information. This type can be constructed
diff --git a/juniper_rocket_async/src/lib.rs b/juniper_rocket_async/src/lib.rs
index 28341f154..edd4e279e 100644
--- a/juniper_rocket_async/src/lib.rs
+++ b/juniper_rocket_async/src/lib.rs
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ use juniper::{
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct GraphQLRequest<S = DefaultScalarValue>(GraphQLBatchRequest<S>)
 where
-    S: ScalarValue + Send + Sync;
+    S: ScalarValue;
 
 /// Simple wrapper around the result of executing a GraphQL query
 pub struct GraphQLResponse(pub Status, pub String);
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ pub fn playground_source(graphql_endpoint_url: &str) -> content::Html<String> {
 
 impl<S> GraphQLRequest<S>
 where
-    S: ScalarValue + Sync + Send,
+    S: ScalarValue,
 {
-    /// Execute an incoming GraphQL query synchronously.
+    /// Synchronously execute an incoming GraphQL query.
     pub fn execute_sync<CtxT, QueryT, MutationT, SubscriptionT>(
         &self,
         root_node: &RootNode<QueryT, MutationT, SubscriptionT, S>,
@@ -97,8 +97,6 @@ where
         QueryT: GraphQLType<S, Context = CtxT>,
         MutationT: GraphQLType<S, Context = CtxT>,
         SubscriptionT: GraphQLType<S, Context = CtxT>,
-        SubscriptionT::TypeInfo: Send + Sync,
-        CtxT: Send + Sync,
     {
         let response = self.0.execute_sync(root_node, context);
         let status = if response.is_ok() {
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ where
         GraphQLResponse(status, json)
     }
 
-    /// Asynchronously execute an incoming GraphQL query
+    /// Asynchronously execute an incoming GraphQL query.
     pub async fn execute<CtxT, QueryT, MutationT, SubscriptionT>(
         &self,
         root_node: &RootNode<'_, QueryT, MutationT, SubscriptionT, S>,