Golang: Go 1.11 Modules

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go 包管理工具

对比其他包管理工具:

• https://ieevee.com/tech/2017/07/10/go-import.html

• dep

• glide

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Go 1.11 Modules:

说明:

• https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules

ref:

• 参考结构: https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/blob/master/go.mod

使用方法:

• 官方文档步骤: https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules#how-to-define-a-module

• 示例: https://gitlab.com/ceres-mirror/exchange-trade-proxy4

1. 初始化 go.mod 文件:

# 初始化:
$ cd $GOPATH/src/<project path>
$ export GO111MODULE=on

# if using Go 1.11, 'master', or the latest 'vgo', use the newer form:  
$ go mod init   

# in go1.11beta2 and earlier, the older form was:
$ go mod -init    

# 如果go mod无法自动确定适当的模块路径（例如，如果在VCS外部运行），或者您需要覆盖该路径，则可以按如下方式提供模块路径：

# if using Go 1.11, 'master', or the latest 'vgo', use the newer form:  
$ go mod init example.com/my/module/v2

# in go1.11beta2 and earlier, the older form was:
$ go mod -init -module example.com/my/module/v2    

2. 更新项目包依赖:

• 首次初始化依赖包: go mod tidy

• https://www.jianshu.com/p/c5733da150c6

• 会自动更新依赖关系，并且将包下载放入cache

• 当使用go build,go test以及go list时, go 会自动更新go.mod

# 根据需要的依赖自动生成 require 语句
$ go mod tidy 

3. go get 新特性:

• go get会自动下载并安装package，然后更新到go.mod中
• 可以使用go get package[@Version]来安装指定版本的package，不指定version时默认行为和go get package@latest一样
• version可以是vx.y.z这种形式或者直接使用commit的checksum，也可以是master或者latest
• 当version是latest时，也就是默认行为，对于有tags的package，会选取最新的tag，对于没有tags的package，则选取最新的commit

$ go get

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go modules 被墙解决办法:

• Google项目官网: https://cloud.google.com/go/google.golang.org

• 报错信息:

go mod tidy
go: finding google.golang.org/api v0.0.0-20180829000535-087779f1d2c9
go: google.golang.org/api@v0.0.0-20180829000535-087779f1d2c9: git -c protocol.version=0 fetch --unshallow -f https://code.googlesource.com/google-api-go-client refs/heads/*:refs/heads/* refs/tags/*:refs/tags/* in /Users/henry/iSpace/iGo/pkg/mod/cache/vcs/9e62a95b0409d58bc0130bae299bdffbc7b7e74f3abe1ecf897474cc474b8bc0: exit status 128:
        error: RPC failed; curl 18 transfer closed with outstanding read data remaining
        fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
        fatal: early EOF
        fatal: index-pack failed
go: error loading module requirements

方案1: 修改 go.mod:

• golang.org 被墙解决办法

• 修改 `go.mod 配置, 将被墙地址替换到github对应repo：

• replace:

go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/build=github.com/golang/build latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/crypto=github.com/golang/crypto latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/exp=github.com/golang/exp latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/image=github.com/golang/image latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/lint=github.com/golang/lint latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/mobile=github.com/golang/mobile latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/net=github.com/golang/net latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/oauth2=github.com/golang/oauth2 latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/perf=github.com/golang/perf latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/review=github.com/golang/review latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/sync=github.com/golang/sync latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/sys=github.com/golang/sys latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/text=github.com/golang/text latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/tools=github.com/golang/tools latest
go mod edit -replace=golang.org/x/time=github.com/golang/time latest

go mod edit -replace=google.golang.org/api=github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client latest
go mod edit -replace=google.golang.org/appengine=github.com/golang/appengine latest
go mod edit -replace=google.golang.org/genproto=github.com/google/go-genproto latest
go mod edit -replace=google.golang.org/grpc=github.com/grpc/grpc-go latest

go mod edit -replace=cloud.google.com/go=github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-go latest

• 修改:

module tx

require github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.2.0 // indirect

replace (
    golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20180820150726-614d502a4dac => github.com/golang/crypto v0.0.0-20180820150726-614d502a4dac
    golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180821023952-922f4815f713 => github.com/golang/net v0.0.0-20180826012351-8a410e7b638d
    golang.org/x/text v0.3.0 => github.com/golang/text v0.3.0
    golang.org/x/sys v0.3.0=>github.com/golang/sys v0.3.0
)

镜像仓库列表:

• https://cloud.google.com/go/google.golang.org

Google	github
google.golang.org/api	https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-go-client
google.golang.org/grpc	https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go
xxx	https://github.com/

方案2: 走proxy:

• 解决网络问题
• https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000016126554

方案3: 手动拉取github对应repo替换:

• https://www.cnblogs.com/hsnblog/p/9608934.html

• go get -u google.golang.org/grpc i/o timeout grpc/grpc-go#1780 (comment)

git clone https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go.git $GOPATH/src/google.golang.org/grpc

git clone https://github.com/golang/net.git $GOPATH/src/golang.org/x/net

# 手动安装所有依赖, 替换掉,再重新安装:
go install google.golang.org/grpc

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go mod + go get:

安装指定版本:

$ go get github.com/wilk/uuid@0.0.1
$ go get github.com/wilk/uuid@0.0.2

go get -u github.com/micro/micro

安装指定分支:

• cd go.mod 同目录
• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53682247/how-to-point-go-module-dependency-in-go-mod-to-a-latest-commit-in-a-repo

go get github.com/someone/some_module@master
go get github.com/someone/some_module@dev_branch

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google.golang.org/genproto

golang, google 包列表:

• https://cloud.google.com/go/google.golang.org?hl=zh-cn

export GO111MODULE=off; go get -u -v google.golang.org/genproto
export GO111MODULE=off; go get -u -v google.golang.org/api
export GO111MODULE=off; go get -u -v google.golang.org/appengine
export GO111MODULE=off; go get -u -v google.golang.org/grpc

protobuf:

# 安装 protobuf:
brew install protobuf


# 安装 swagger:
brew tap go-swagger/go-swagger
brew install go-swagger


# 安装依赖: 
export GO111MODULE=off; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/protoc-gen-gofast
export GO111MODULE=off; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto
export GO111MODULE=off; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/{binary}
export GO111MODULE=off; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/gogoproto
export GO111MODULE=off; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/jsonpb
export GO111MODULE=off; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/protoc-gen-gogo



# 在 go.mod 文件路径下执行: 
export GO111MODULE=on; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/protoc-gen-gofast
export GO111MODULE=on; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto
export GO111MODULE=on; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/{binary}
export GO111MODULE=on; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/gogoproto
export GO111MODULE=on; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/jsonpb
export GO111MODULE=on; go get -u -v github.com/gogo/protobuf/protoc-gen-gogo