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| # | |
| # Misc notes on the Seagate Blackarmor NAS, V1.15 | |
| # | |
| # (C) 2010-2011 Hajo Noerenberg | |
| # | |
| # http://www.noerenberg.de/ | |
| # https://github.com/hn/seagate-blackarmor-nas | |
| # | |
| # | |
| # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify | |
| # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3.0 as | |
| # published by the Free Software Foundation. | |
| # | |
| # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | |
| # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | |
| # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the | |
| # GNU General Public License for more details. | |
| # | |
| # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along | |
| # with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt>. | |
| # | |
| UPDATE 2015/06: Moritz Rosenthal has released some detailed docs on how to | |
| update the system with an up-to-date linux kernel. Make sure to check out his wiki | |
| page at http://wiki.ccc-ffm.de/projekte:diverses:seagate_blackarmor_nas_220_debian | |
| 1. Enable SSH on the Seagate Blackarmor 220 NAS - the easy way | |
| 1. Download my 'unofficial' service pack (SP42) and use the manual | |
| firmware upgrade process through the web interface: | |
| sg2000-2000.1337.sp42.img | |
| (do NOT rename the file!) | |
| This image (service pack) does not contain any device-/model-specific | |
| files (e.g. no kernel) and may work on other Seagate Blackarmor | |
| models as well (not tested -- please let me know). | |
| Update: You have to rename the file to match the major model number | |
| of your NAS (sg1000-1000.1337.sp42.img for the 1xx series, | |
| sg4000-4000.1337.sp42.img for the 4xx series). | |
| Update: This SP works on the BA440 (reported by Mike) | |
| Update: This SP works on the BA110 (reported by Tudeskie) | |
| 2. ssh root@<NAS-IP> with password 'atsahs' | |
| Make sure to change the root password as soon as possible! | |
| 2. Install Debian GNU/Linux 5.0.7 (Lenny) on the Blackarmor 220 NAS | |
| WARNING: This process completely replaces the original Seagate | |
| firmware! The SP modifies the NAND flash of your NAS. This may | |
| possibly damage your device permanently! You have been warned! | |
| Installation of the Debian/GNU Linux system is only recommended | |
| for people with (at least) basic linux administration skills. | |
| 1. Download my customized Debian GNU/Linux image (2 files): | |
| custom-rootfs_full.tar.gz | |
| custom-rootfs_full.tar.gz.md5 | |
| Upload both files to the 'Public' share of your NAS. Do | |
| not rename the files. | |
| 2. Download my unofficial 'fw upgrade' service pack (SP99) and use | |
| the manual firmware upgrade process through the web interface: | |
| custom-sg2000-2000.1337.sp99.img | |
| (rename the file to 'sg2000-2000.1337.sp99.img' before uploading) | |
| 3. ssh root@<NAS-IP> with password 'root' (generally, the IP changes | |
| after Debian installation, try to scan your network for new IPs!) | |
| Notes: | |
| - The SP modifies the original Seagate preroot image (NAND flash | |
| partition 2) to fix some bugs (Seagate/Wistron guys: 'exec /sbin/init' | |
| is the correct way to start the init process). This modification | |
| should not affect the normal operation of the NAS (e.g. booting the | |
| official firmware). | |
| - The SP does not overwrite the official firmware image (NAND flash | |
| partition 4). If you insert clean harddisks into your NAS, the | |
| official firmware gets installed (make sure to completely remove | |
| the GPT partition table which is located at the *end* of the | |
| harddisk). | |
| - This SP does not replace the linux kernel image and therefore | |
| does not depend on any specific hardware. It _might_ work on | |
| other Seagate BA NAS models as well. | |
| - After applying the SP, the system starts with a Debian Lenny minimal | |
| system (basic system binaries and SSH daemon only). However, you are | |
| free to install additional packages via the Debian package management | |
| system. For configuration, you'll have to use your favourite text | |
| editor. | |
| - Make sure to change the root password as soon as possible. | |
| - Run 'apt-get update' before installing any new packages. Otherwise | |
| you'll get weird errors about missing dependencies. | |
| - Suggested additional Debian packages: nfs-kernel-server samba | |
| vsftpd iscsitarget | |
| - Do not *upgrade* the Debian system. The linux kernel image (NAND | |
| partition 4) is compatible with Debian Lenny. The latest Debian versions | |
| (Squeeze ...) require an updated kernel udev subsystem and therefore | |
| you would have to update the kernel image first. As of now, nobody | |
| has done this laborious work (forward port Seagates h/w-specific patches, | |
| compile and test the kernel) | |
| - This modification has been tested on a BA220 with fw 2000.0631. | |
| Update: It works on the BA420 (reported by lnxmnky) | |
| Update: It works on the BA110 (reported by tuxmania) | |
| Update: It works on the BA440 (reported by Isaac_X) | |
| 3. Enable SSH on the Seagate Blackarmor 220 NAS - for real men | |
| 1. Remove both SATA drives from the NAS and connect them to your local | |
| linux computer. | |
| 2. Execute the following cmds (adjust sda1/sdb1 as needed). Do NOT change | |
| the MD device name (/dev/md0), otherwise your NAS will not boot anymore! | |
| ~ $ mdadm -A /dev/md0 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 | |
| mdadm: /dev/md0 has been started with 2 drives. | |
| ~ $ mkdir /mnt/md0 | |
| ~ $ mount /dev/md0 /mnt/md0 | |
| ~ $ echo "ssh stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/dropbear dropbear -i" >> /mnt/md0/etc/inetd.conf | |
| ~ $ umount /mnt/md0 | |
| ~ $ mdadm -S /dev/md0 | |
| mdadm: stopped /dev/md0 | |
| 3. Reconnect SATA drives to the NAS | |
| 4. ssh root@<NAS-IP> with password 'atsahs' | |
| (board name 'SHASTA' reversed, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Shasta) | |
| 4. Increase NFS performance | |
| By setting 'async' mode, I successfully transferred a 20 GB file | |
| (ghettoVCB VM snapshot) in 35 minutes to the NAS (GBit network). | |
| Warning: with 'async' mode, data integrity is not guaranteed anymore! | |
| 1. Temporarily change options: edit /etc/exports ('sync'->'async') and reboot | |
| 2. Permanently change options: edit web interface source code: | |
| ~ $ grep all_squa /proto/SxM_webui/admin/inc/wixNFS.class | |
| $nfs_exports_ary[$path] = "*($permission,all_squash,sync,insecure,anonuid=$uid,anongid=$gid)"; | |
| 5. Deobfuscate Seagate firmware image (.img -> .tgz) | |
| ~ $ export FW="sg2000-2000.0631.img" | |
| ~ $ dd bs=5120 if=$FW of=$FW.tgz skip=15 seek=0 count=1 | |
| ~ $ dd bs=5120 if=$FW of=$FW.tgz skip=1 seek=1 count=14 | |
| ~ $ dd bs=5120 if=$FW of=$FW.tgz skip=0 seek=15 count=1 | |
| ~ $ dd bs=5120 if=$FW of=$FW.tgz skip=16 seek=16 | |
| ~ $ tar tvzf $FW.tgz | |
| 6. Seagate Blackarmor 220 NAS hardware | |
| - Marvell Feroceon, 800 MHz, ARM926EJ-S, Sheeva CPU Core Technology | |
| - Marvell 88F6192 A0 LE Board, Kirkwood (the successor of Orion) SoC series | |
| - 128 MB RAM | |
| - 32 MB Flash | |
| http://www.marvell.com/products/processors/embedded/kirkwood | |
| http://www.marvell.com/products/processors/embedded/kirkwood/FS_88F6180_9x_6281_OpenSource.pdf | |
| (Page 23, 25-33) | |
| Similiar devices: QNAP Turbo NAS (TS-119, TS-219 and TS-219P), | |
| LG N2B1DD1 series | |
| 7. Flash layout BA220 | |
| dev: size erasesize name | |
| mtd0: 000a0000 00004000 "uboot" | |
| mtd1: 00010000 00004000 "param" | |
| mtd2: 00200000 00004000 "preroot" | |
| mtd3: 00280000 00004000 "uimage" | |
| mtd4: 01a00000 00004000 "rootfs" | |
| mtd5: 000c0000 00004000 "misc" | |
| mtd6: 02000000 00004000 "flash" | |
| 8. Serial connector | |
| The following pinout has been published by user Mike Seeley github.com/mjseeley (BA440) on | |
| the Seagate Support Forum. It works for the BA220, too. | |
| Please make sure to use a 3.3V cable (search for 'CA-42 USB'). | |
| A 5V TTL cable may damage your NAS permanently. | |
| CN4 | |
| 9|-X-0-|10 | |
| 7|-0-0-|8 | |
| 5|-0-X-|6 | |
| 3|-0-X-|4 | |
| 1|-X-0-|2 | |
| Pin 1 - TX | |
| Pin 4 - RX | |
| Pin 6 - GND | |
| Pin 9 - VCC 3.3V | |
| Baud rate 115200 | |
| 9. TFTP/NFS-Boot the BA NAS with your own kernel and OS (for testing purposes) | |
| Connect serial cable, interrupt boot process by pressing any key. Then | |
| execute (TFTP/NFS server setup not described here. Adjust IPs as needed): | |
| 1a. Load kernel via TFTP: | |
| setenv ipaddr 10.0.0.123 | |
| setenv serverip 10.0.0.1 | |
| tftpboot 0x40000 uImage | |
| 1b. Load kernel from NAND flash partition 3 | |
| nand reset; nand read.e 0x40000 0x002c4000 0x00226400; check_crc32 KrNl | |
| 2. Set NFS parameters and start kernel (extract my | |
| custom-rootfs_full.tar.gz to the NFS server directory. Remove "/" from | |
| etc/fstab, otherwise e2fsck will prevent the system from starting) | |
| setenv bootargs $(console) root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/mnt/nas-root ip=10.0.0.123:10.0.0.1:::debian-armel:egiga0:none | |
| bootm 0x40000 | |
| 10. BA kernel details | |
| Linux kernel 2.6.22.18 with Marvell KW (Kirkwood) LSP release 4.2.7 | |
| patch (support for Feroceon CPU, MV SATA, MV ethernet, ...). See | |
| LspReadme.txt and LspReleaseNotes.txt in the LSP kernel source dir. | |
| Seagate and Maxtor GPL Open Source Downloads: | |
| http://www.seagate.com/ww/v/index.jsp?locale=en-US&name=gpl&vgnextoid=02d819e56cdee010VgnVCM100000dd04090aRCRD | |
| 10.1 Ethernet status | |
| ~ $ hexdump /proc/net/wix_tool | |
| 0xB -> 1011 -> link up, 100MBit/s full duplex ethernet connection | |
| bit0: 1=link up 0=link down | |
| bit1: 1=FD 0=HD | |
| bit2: 1=giga | |
| bit3: 1=100 | |
| none of bit 2 or bit3: 10 | |
| 10.2 GPIO interface, drivers/wixgpio/wixgpio.c | |
| ~ $ cat /proc/wixgpio/gpio<PIO> | |
| LEDs, LC Display, HDD power, CPU power | |