diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/BUILD b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/BUILD
index 6e0365179dc7cb..861d484caf0f9e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/BUILD
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/BUILD
@@ -35,5 +35,6 @@ java_library(
         "//third_party:guava",
         "//third_party:jsr305",
         "//third_party/protobuf:protobuf_java",
+        "//third_party/protobuf:protobuf_java_util",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/JSONProtoOutputFormatter.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/JSONProtoOutputFormatter.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..83ecb50354c1b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/JSONProtoOutputFormatter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+package com.google.devtools.build.lib.query2.query.output;
+
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.RepositoryMapping;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Target;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.query2.engine.OutputFormatterCallback;
+import com.google.protobuf.util.JsonFormat;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+
+/**
+ * An output formatter that outputs a protocol buffer json representation of a query result and
+ * outputs the json to the output print stream.
+ */
+public class JSONProtoOutputFormatter extends ProtoOutputFormatter {
+  @Override
+  public String getName() {
+    return "jsonproto";
+  }
+
+  private final JsonFormat.Printer jsonPrinter = JsonFormat.printer();
+
+  @Override
+  public OutputFormatterCallback<Target> createPostFactoStreamCallback(
+      final OutputStream out, final QueryOptions options, RepositoryMapping mainRepoMapping) {
+    return new OutputFormatterCallback<Target>() {
+      @Override
+      public void processOutput(Iterable<Target> partialResult)
+          throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        for (Target target : partialResult) {
+          out.write(
+              jsonPrinter.print(toTargetProtoBuffer(target)).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/OutputFormatters.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/OutputFormatters.java
index 752cc6520e49aa..41268a365a7977 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/OutputFormatters.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/OutputFormatters.java
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ public static ImmutableList<OutputFormatter> getDefaultFormatters() {
         new PackageOutputFormatter(),
         new LocationOutputFormatter(),
         new GraphOutputFormatter(),
+        new JSONProtoOutputFormatter(),
         new XmlOutputFormatter(),
         new ProtoOutputFormatter(),
         new StreamedProtoOutputFormatter());
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/QueryOptions.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/QueryOptions.java
index 185f1f067e82d1..87f036b6d987f1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/QueryOptions.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/query2/query/output/QueryOptions.java
@@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ public OrderOutputConverter() {
       documentationCategory = OptionDocumentationCategory.QUERY,
       effectTags = {OptionEffectTag.TERMINAL_OUTPUT},
       help =
-          "The format in which the query results should be printed. Allowed values for query are: "
-              + "build, graph, label, label_kind, location, maxrank, minrank, package, proto, xml.")
+          "The format in which the query results should be printed. Allowed values for query are:"
+              + " build, graph, jsonproto, label, label_kind, location, maxrank, minrank, package,"
+              + " proto, xml.")
   public String outputFormat;
 
   @Option(
diff --git a/src/test/shell/integration/bazel_query_test.sh b/src/test/shell/integration/bazel_query_test.sh
index 5e2285691148cb..5dcd144c3b3222 100755
--- a/src/test/shell/integration/bazel_query_test.sh
+++ b/src/test/shell/integration/bazel_query_test.sh
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ genquery(name='q',
          opts = ["--output=blargh"],)
 EOF
 
-  local expected_error_msg="in genquery rule //starfruit:q: Invalid output format 'blargh'. Valid values are: label, label_kind, build, minrank, maxrank, package, location, graph, xml, proto"
+  local expected_error_msg="in genquery rule //starfruit:q: Invalid output format 'blargh'. Valid values are: label, label_kind, build, minrank, maxrank, package, location, graph, jsonproto, xml, proto"
   bazel build //starfruit:q >& $TEST_log && fail "Expected failure"
   expect_log "$expected_error_msg"
 }
@@ -1064,4 +1064,61 @@ EOF
   expect_log "//${package}:hint"
 }
 
+function test_same_pkg_direct_rdeps_loads_only_inputs_packages() {
+  mkdir -p "pkg1"
+  mkdir -p "pkg2"
+  mkdir -p "pkg3"
+
+  cat > "pkg1/BUILD" <<EOF
+sh_library(name = "t1", deps = [":t2", "//pkg2:t3"])
+sh_library(name = "t2")
+EOF
+
+  cat > "pkg2/BUILD" <<EOF
+sh_library(name = "t3")
+EOF
+
+  cat > "pkg3/BUILD" <<EOF
+sh_library(name = "t4", deps = [":t5"])
+sh_library(name = "t5")
+EOF
+
+  bazel query --experimental_ui_debug_all_events \
+     "same_pkg_direct_rdeps(//pkg1:t2+//pkg3:t5)"  >& $TEST_log \
+    || fail "Expected success"
+
+  expect_log "Loading package: pkg1"
+  expect_log "Loading package: pkg3"
+  # For graphless query mode, pkg2 should not be loaded because
+  # same_pkg_direct_rdeps only cares about the targets in the same package
+  # as its inputs.
+  expect_not_log "Loading package: pkg2"
+  # the result of "same_pkg_direct_rdeps(//pkg1:t2+//pkg3:t5)"
+  expect_log "//pkg1:t1"
+  expect_log "//pkg3:t4"
+}
+
+function test_basic_query_jsonproto() {
+  local pkg="${FUNCNAME[0]}"
+  mkdir -p "$pkg" || fail "mkdir -p $pkg"
+  cat > "$pkg/BUILD" <<'EOF'
+genrule(
+    name = "bar",
+    srcs = ["dummy.txt"],
+    outs = ["bar_out.txt"],
+    cmd = "echo unused > $(OUTS)",
+)
+EOF
+  bazel query --output=jsonproto --noimplicit_deps "//$pkg:bar" > output 2> "$TEST_log" \
+    || fail "Expected success"
+  cat output >> "$TEST_log"
+
+  # Verify that the appropriate attributes were included.
+  assert_contains "\"ruleClass\": \"genrule\"" output
+  assert_contains "\"name\": \"//$pkg:bar\"" output
+  assert_contains "\"ruleInput\": \[\"//$pkg:dummy.txt\"\]" output
+  assert_contains "\"ruleOutput\": \[\"//$pkg:bar_out.txt\"\]" output
+  assert_contains "echo unused" output
+}
+
 run_suite "${PRODUCT_NAME} query tests"