diff --git a/src/TestFramework/AbstractTestFrameworkAdapter.php b/src/TestFramework/AbstractTestFrameworkAdapter.php
index 1c2e68364..302efcc22 100644
--- a/src/TestFramework/AbstractTestFrameworkAdapter.php
+++ b/src/TestFramework/AbstractTestFrameworkAdapter.php
@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ public function getMutantCommandLine(
                     $mutationOriginalFilePath
                 ),
                 $extraOptions,
-                $coverageTests
+                $coverageTests,
+                $this->getVersion()
             )
         );
     }
diff --git a/src/TestFramework/CommandLineArgumentsAndOptionsBuilder.php b/src/TestFramework/CommandLineArgumentsAndOptionsBuilder.php
index 817c5b40f..393231369 100644
--- a/src/TestFramework/CommandLineArgumentsAndOptionsBuilder.php
+++ b/src/TestFramework/CommandLineArgumentsAndOptionsBuilder.php
@@ -52,5 +52,5 @@ public function buildForInitialTestsRun(string $configPath, string $extraOptions
      *
      * @return string[]
      */
-    public function buildForMutant(string $configPath, string $extraOptions, array $tests): array;
+    public function buildForMutant(string $configPath, string $extraOptions, array $tests, string $testFrameworkVersion): array;
 }
diff --git a/src/TestFramework/PhpUnit/CommandLine/ArgumentsAndOptionsBuilder.php b/src/TestFramework/PhpUnit/CommandLine/ArgumentsAndOptionsBuilder.php
index 5355bdad9..92aaccae6 100644
--- a/src/TestFramework/PhpUnit/CommandLine/ArgumentsAndOptionsBuilder.php
+++ b/src/TestFramework/PhpUnit/CommandLine/ArgumentsAndOptionsBuilder.php
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@
 use function ltrim;
 use function preg_quote;
 use function rtrim;
-use function Safe\sprintf;
+use function sprintf;
+use function version_compare;
 
 /**
  * @internal
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ public function buildForInitialTestsRun(string $configPath, string $extraOptions
     /**
      * @param TestLocation[] $tests
      */
-    public function buildForMutant(string $configPath, string $extraOptions, array $tests): array
+    public function buildForMutant(string $configPath, string $extraOptions, array $tests, string $testFrameworkVersion): array
     {
         $options = $this->buildForInitialTestsRun($configPath, $extraOptions);
 
@@ -91,8 +92,14 @@ public function buildForMutant(string $configPath, string $extraOptions, array $
                 $partsDelimitedByColons = explode('::', $testCaseString, 2);
 
                 if (count($partsDelimitedByColons) > 1) {
-                    $parts = explode('\\', $partsDelimitedByColons[0]);
-                    $testCaseString = sprintf('%s::%s', end($parts), $partsDelimitedByColons[1]);
+                    $methodNameWithDataProvider = $this->getMethodNameWithDataProvider($partsDelimitedByColons[1], $testFrameworkVersion);
+
+                    $testClassFullyQualifiedClassName = $partsDelimitedByColons[0];
+
+                    $parts = explode('\\', $testClassFullyQualifiedClassName);
+                    $classNameWithoutNamespace = end($parts);
+
+                    $testCaseString = sprintf('%s::%s', $classNameWithoutNamespace, $methodNameWithDataProvider);
                 }
 
                 if (array_key_exists($testCaseString, $usedTestCases)) {
@@ -112,4 +119,28 @@ public function buildForMutant(string $configPath, string $extraOptions, array $
 
         return $options;
     }
+
+    private function getMethodNameWithDataProvider(string $methodNameWithDataProvider, string $testFrameworkVersion): string
+    {
+        $methodNameWithDataProviderResult = $methodNameWithDataProvider;
+
+        /*
+         * in PHPUnit >=10 data providers with keys are stored as `Class\\test_method#some key`
+         * in PHPUnit <10 data providers with keys are stored as `Class\\test_method with data set "some key"`
+         *
+         * we need to translate to the old format because this is what PHPUnit <10 and >=10 understands from CLI `--filter` option
+         */
+        if (version_compare($testFrameworkVersion, '10', '>=')) {
+            $methodNameParts = explode('#', $methodNameWithDataProviderResult, 2);
+
+            if (count($methodNameParts) > 1) {
+                $methodName = $methodNameParts[0];
+                $dataProviderKey = $methodNameParts[1];
+
+                $methodNameWithDataProviderResult = sprintf('%s with data set "%s"', $methodName, $dataProviderKey);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $methodNameWithDataProviderResult;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/TestFramework/PhpUnit/CommandLine/ArgumentsAndOptionsBuilderTest.php b/tests/phpunit/TestFramework/PhpUnit/CommandLine/ArgumentsAndOptionsBuilderTest.php
index fd56910d9..f0cfcca1b 100644
--- a/tests/phpunit/TestFramework/PhpUnit/CommandLine/ArgumentsAndOptionsBuilderTest.php
+++ b/tests/phpunit/TestFramework/PhpUnit/CommandLine/ArgumentsAndOptionsBuilderTest.php
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public function test_it_can_build_the_command_with_extra_options_that_contains_s
     /**
      * @dataProvider provideTestCases
      */
-    public function test_it_can_build_the_command_with_filter_option_for_covering_tests_for_mutant(bool $executeOnlyCoveringTestCases, array $testCases, ?string $expectedFilterOptionValue = null): void
+    public function test_it_can_build_the_command_with_filter_option_for_covering_tests_for_mutant(bool $executeOnlyCoveringTestCases, array $testCases, string $phpUnitVersion, ?string $expectedFilterOptionValue = null): void
     {
         $configPath = '/the config/path';
 
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@ public function test_it_can_build_the_command_with_filter_option_for_covering_te
                 array_map(
                     static fn (string $testCase): TestLocation => TestLocation::forTestMethod($testCase),
                     $testCases
-                )
+                ),
+                $phpUnitVersion
             )
         );
     }
@@ -135,6 +136,7 @@ public function provideTestCases(): Generator
             [
                 'App\Test::test_case1',
             ],
+            '9.5',
         ];
 
         yield '1 test case' => [
@@ -142,6 +144,7 @@ public function provideTestCases(): Generator
             [
                 'App\Test::test_case1',
             ],
+            '9.5',
             '/Test\:\:test_case1/',
         ];
 
@@ -151,6 +154,7 @@ public function provideTestCases(): Generator
                 'App\Test::test_case1',
                 'App\Test::test_case2',
             ],
+            '9.5',
             '/Test\:\:test_case1|Test\:\:test_case2/',
         ];
 
@@ -160,6 +164,7 @@ public function provideTestCases(): Generator
                 'App\Test::test_case1 with data set "With special character >"',
                 'App\Test::test_case2',
             ],
+            '9.5',
             '/Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "With special character \\>"|Test\:\:test_case2/',
         ];
 
@@ -169,6 +174,7 @@ public function provideTestCases(): Generator
                 'App\Test::test_case1 with data set "With special character @"',
                 'App\Test::test_case2',
             ],
+            '9.5',
             '/Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "With special character @"|Test\:\:test_case2/',
         ];
 
@@ -178,6 +184,7 @@ public function provideTestCases(): Generator
                 'App\Test::test_case1 with data set "#1"',
                 'App\Test::test_case1 with data set "#2"',
             ],
+            '9.5',
             '/Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "\#1"|Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "\#2"/',
         ];
 
@@ -186,6 +193,7 @@ public function provideTestCases(): Generator
             [
                 'App\Test::test_case1 with data set "With special char \\"',
             ],
+            '9.5',
             '/Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "With special char \\\\"/',
         ];
 
@@ -194,6 +202,74 @@ public function provideTestCases(): Generator
             [
                 'App\Test::test_case1 with data set "With special chars ::"',
             ],
+            '9.5',
+            '/Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "With special chars \:\:"/',
+        ];
+
+        yield '1 test case - PHPUnit10' => [
+            true,
+            [
+                'App\Test::test_case1',
+            ],
+            '10.1',
+            '/Test\:\:test_case1/',
+        ];
+
+        yield '2 test cases - PHPUnit10' => [
+            true,
+            [
+                'App\Test::test_case1',
+                'App\Test::test_case2',
+            ],
+            '10.1',
+            '/Test\:\:test_case1|Test\:\:test_case2/',
+        ];
+
+        yield '1 simple test case, 1 with data set and special character > - PHPUnit10' => [
+            true,
+            [
+                'App\Test::test_case1#With special character >',
+                'App\Test::test_case2',
+            ],
+            '10.1',
+            '/Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "With special character \\>"|Test\:\:test_case2/',
+        ];
+
+        yield '1 simple test case, 1 with data set and special character @ - PHPUnit10' => [
+            true,
+            [
+                'App\Test::test_case1#With special character @',
+                'App\Test::test_case2',
+            ],
+            '10.1',
+            '/Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "With special character @"|Test\:\:test_case2/',
+        ];
+
+        yield '2 data sets from data provider for the same test case - PHPUnit10' => [
+            true,
+            [
+                'App\Test::test_case1##1',
+                'App\Test::test_case1##2',
+            ],
+            '10.1',
+            '/Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "\#1"|Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "\#2"/',
+        ];
+
+        yield '1 data set from data provider "With special char \\" - PHPUnit10' => [
+            true,
+            [
+                'App\Test::test_case1#With special char \\"',
+            ],
+            '10.1',
+            '/Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "With special char \\\\""/',
+        ];
+
+        yield '1 data set from data provider "With special chars ::" - PHPUnit10' => [
+            true,
+            [
+                'App\Test::test_case1#With special chars ::',
+            ],
+            '10.1',
             '/Test\:\:test_case1 with data set "With special chars \:\:"/',
         ];
     }