diff --git a/builder/comp-builder.nix b/builder/comp-builder.nix
index bcda31e238..6f6bf30401 100644
--- a/builder/comp-builder.nix
+++ b/builder/comp-builder.nix
@@ -23,6 +23,14 @@ let self =
 , preInstall ? component.preInstall , postInstall ? component.postInstall
 , preHaddock ? component.preHaddock , postHaddock ? component.postHaddock
 , shellHook ? ""
+, configureAllComponents ? component.configureAllComponents ||
+    # When set, configure all the components in the package
+    # (not just the one we are building).
+    # Enable for tests in packages that use cabal-doctest.
+    ( haskellLib.isTest componentId &&
+      lib.any (x: x.identifier.name or "" == "cabal-doctest") package.setup-depends
+    )
+, allComponent # Used when `configureAllComponents` is set to get a suitable configuration. 
 
 , build-tools ? component.build-tools
 , pkgconfig ? component.pkgconfig
@@ -47,7 +55,7 @@ let self =
 , doHoogle ? component.doHoogle # Also build a hoogle index
 , hyperlinkSource ? component.doHyperlinkSource # Link documentation to the source code
 , quickjump ? component.doQuickjump # Generate an index for interactive documentation navigation
-, keepSource ? component.keepSource  # Build from `source` output in the store then delete `dist`
+, keepSource ? component.keepSource || configureAllComponents # Build from `source` output in the store then delete `dist`
 , setupHaddockFlags ? component.setupHaddockFlags
 
 # Profiling
@@ -77,6 +85,11 @@ let self =
 }@drvArgs:
 
 let
+  componentForSetup =
+    if configureAllComponents
+      then allComponent
+      else component;
+
   # Ignore attempts to include DWARF info when it is not possible
   enableDWARF = drvArgs.enableDWARF or false
     && stdenv.hostPlatform.isLinux
@@ -96,7 +109,7 @@ let
   # is the sub directory in that root path that contains the package.
   # `cleanSrc.subDir` is used in `prePatch` and `lib/cover.nix`.
   cleanSrc = haskellLib.rootAndSubDir (if canCleanSource
-    then haskellLib.cleanCabalComponent package component "${componentId.ctype}-${componentId.cname}" src
+    then haskellLib.cleanCabalComponent package componentForSetup "${componentId.ctype}-${componentId.cname}" src
     else
       # We can clean out the siblings though to at least avoid changes to other packages
       # from triggering a rebuild of this one.
@@ -118,8 +131,9 @@ let
   needsProfiling = enableExecutableProfiling || enableLibraryProfiling;
 
   configFiles = makeConfigFiles {
+    component = componentForSetup;
     inherit (package) identifier;
-    inherit component fullName flags needsProfiling enableDWARF;
+    inherit fullName flags needsProfiling enableDWARF;
   };
 
   enableFeature = enable: feature:
@@ -129,8 +143,13 @@ let
 
   finalConfigureFlags = lib.concatStringsSep " " (
     [ "--prefix=$out"
-      "${haskellLib.componentTarget componentId}"
-      "$(cat ${configFiles}/configure-flags)"
+    ] ++ (
+      # If configureAllComponents is set we should not specify the component
+      # and Setup will attempt to configure them all.
+      if configureAllComponents
+        then ["--enable-tests" "--enable-benchmarks"]
+        else ["${haskellLib.componentTarget componentId}"]
+    ) ++ [ "$(cat ${configFiles}/configure-flags)"
     ] ++ commonConfigureFlags);
 
   # From nixpkgs 20.09, the pkg-config exe has a prefix matching the ghc one
@@ -328,7 +347,7 @@ let
       ++ (lib.optional enableSeparateDataOutput "data")
       ++ (lib.optional keepSource "source");
 
-    configurePhase =
+    prePatch =
       # emcc is very slow if it cannot cache stuff in $HOME
       (lib.optionalString (stdenv.hostPlatform.isGhcjs) ''
       export HOME=$(mktemp -d)
@@ -340,7 +359,9 @@ let
         cp -r . $source
         cd $source
         chmod -R +w .
-      '') + ''
+      '') + commonAttrs.prePatch;
+
+    configurePhase = ''
       runHook preConfigure
       echo Configure flags:
       printf "%q " ${finalConfigureFlags}
@@ -368,7 +389,11 @@ let
         target-pkg-and-db = "${ghc.targetPrefix}ghc-pkg -v0 --package-db $out/package.conf.d";
       in ''
       runHook preInstall
-      $SETUP_HS copy ${lib.concatStringsSep " " setupInstallFlags}
+      $SETUP_HS copy ${lib.concatStringsSep " " (
+        setupInstallFlags
+        ++ lib.optional configureAllComponents
+              (haskellLib.componentTarget componentId)
+      )}
       ${lib.optionalString (haskellLib.isLibrary componentId) ''
         $SETUP_HS register --gen-pkg-config=${name}.conf
         ${ghc.targetPrefix}ghc-pkg -v0 init $out/package.conf.d
@@ -455,9 +480,24 @@ let
       '')
       }
       runHook postInstall
-    '' + (lib.optionalString keepSource ''
-      rm -rf dist
-    '') + (lib.optionalString (haskellLib.isTest componentId) ''
+    '' + (
+      # Keep just the autogen files and package.conf.inplace package
+      # DB (probably empty unless this is a library component).
+      # We also have to remove any refernces to $out to avoid
+      # circular references.
+      if configureAllComponents
+        then ''
+          mv dist dist-tmp-dir
+          mkdir -p dist/build
+          mv dist-tmp-dir/build/${componentId.cname}/autogen dist/build/
+          mv dist-tmp-dir/package.conf.inplace dist/
+          remove-references-to -t $out dist/build/autogen/*
+          rm -rf dist-tmp-dir
+        ''
+        else lib.optionalString keepSource ''
+          rm -rf dist
+        ''
+    ) + (lib.optionalString (haskellLib.isTest componentId) ''
       echo The test ${package.identifier.name}.components.tests.${componentId.cname} was built.  To run the test build ${package.identifier.name}.checks.${componentId.cname}.
     '');
 
diff --git a/builder/hspkg-builder.nix b/builder/hspkg-builder.nix
index ac9c6c72ce..144008b8d2 100644
--- a/builder/hspkg-builder.nix
+++ b/builder/hspkg-builder.nix
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ let
       inherit (pkg) preUnpack postUnpack;
     };
 
-  buildComp = componentId: component: comp-builder {
-    inherit componentId component package name src flags setup cabalFile cabal-generator patches revision
+  buildComp = allComponent: componentId: component: comp-builder {
+    inherit allComponent componentId component package name src flags setup cabalFile cabal-generator patches revision
             shellHook
             ;
   };
 
 in rec {
-  components = haskellLib.applyComponents buildComp pkg;
+  components = haskellLib.applyComponents (buildComp pkg.allComponent) pkg;
   checks = pkgs.recurseIntoAttrs (builtins.mapAttrs
     (_: d: haskellLib.check d)
       (lib.filterAttrs (_: d: d.config.doCheck) components.tests));
diff --git a/lib/check.nix b/lib/check.nix
index 0bf44822f7..9d3592e022 100644
--- a/lib/check.nix
+++ b/lib/check.nix
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ let
 in stdenv.mkDerivation ({
   name = (drv.name + "-check");
 
-  # Useing `srcOnly` (rather than getting the `src` via a `drv.passthru`)
+  # Using `srcOnly` (rather than getting the `src` via a `drv.passthru`)
   # should correctly apply the patches from `drv` (if any).
   src = drv.source or (srcOnly drv);
 
diff --git a/modules/package.nix b/modules/package.nix
index e700996a28..d827a45e11 100644
--- a/modules/package.nix
+++ b/modules/package.nix
@@ -21,7 +21,86 @@ with types;
 
 # Work around issue that can cause _lots_ of files to be copied into the store.
 # See https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/64691
-let path = types.path // { check = x: types.path.check (x.origSrc or x); };
+let
+  path = types.path // { check = x: types.path.check (x.origSrc or x); };
+
+  componentType = submodule {
+    # add the shared componentOptions
+    options = (packageOptions config) // {
+      buildable = mkOption {
+        type = bool;
+        default = true;
+      };
+      depends = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      libs = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls (nullOr package);
+        default = [];
+      };
+      frameworks = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls package;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      pkgconfig = mkOption {
+        type = listOf (listOfFilteringNulls package);
+        default = [];
+      };
+      build-tools = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      modules = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      asmSources = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      cmmSources = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      cSources = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      cxxSources = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      jsSources = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      hsSourceDirs = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = ["."];
+      };
+      includeDirs = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      includes = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      mainPath = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      extraSrcFiles = mkOption {
+        type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
+        default = [];
+      };
+      platforms = mkOption {
+        type = nullOr (listOfFilteringNulls unspecified);
+        default = null;
+      };
+    };
+  };
 
 in {
   # This is how the Nix expressions generated by *-to-nix receive
@@ -138,85 +217,7 @@ in {
       };
     };
 
-    components = let
-      componentType = submodule {
-        # add the shared componentOptions
-        options = (packageOptions config) // {
-          buildable = mkOption {
-            type = bool;
-            default = true;
-          };
-          depends = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          libs = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls (nullOr package);
-            default = [];
-          };
-          frameworks = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls package;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          pkgconfig = mkOption {
-            type = listOf (listOfFilteringNulls package);
-            default = [];
-          };
-          build-tools = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          modules = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          asmSources = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          cmmSources = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          cSources = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          cxxSources = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          jsSources = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          hsSourceDirs = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = ["."];
-          };
-          includeDirs = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          includes = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          mainPath = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          extraSrcFiles = mkOption {
-            type = listOfFilteringNulls unspecified;
-            default = [];
-          };
-          platforms = mkOption {
-            type = nullOr (listOfFilteringNulls unspecified);
-            default = null;
-          };
-        };
-      };
-    in {
+    components = {
       setup = mkOption {
         type = nullOr componentType;
         default = {
@@ -295,5 +296,43 @@ in {
       type = listOf (either unspecified path);
       default = [];
     };
+    # This used to be `components.all` but it has been added back as `allComponent` to
+    # to avoid confusion.  It is not mapped by `builder/hspkg-builder.nix` to anything
+    # you can build.  Instead it is used internally when `configureAllComponents`
+    # is set or for tests whe on `cabal-doctest` is in the `setup-depends` of the package.
+    allComponent = mkOption {
+      type = componentType;
+      apply = all: all // {
+        # TODO: Should this check for the entire component
+        # definition to match, rather than just the identifier?
+        depends = builtins.filter (p: p.identifier != config.package.identifier) all.depends;
+      };
+      description = "The merged dependencies of all other components";
+    };
   };
+
+  # This has one quirk. Manually setting options on the all component
+  # will be considered a conflict. This is almost always fine; most
+  # settings should be modified in either the package options, or an
+  # individual component's options. When this isn't sufficient,
+  # mkForce is a reasonable workaround.
+  #
+  # An alternative solution to mkForce for many of the options where
+  # this is relevant would be to switch from the bool type to
+  # something like an anyBool type, which would merge definitions by
+  # returning true if any is true.
+  config.allComponent =
+    let allComps = haskellLib.getAllComponents config;
+    in lib.mkMerge (
+      builtins.map (c:
+        # Exclude attributes that are likely to have conflicting definitions
+        # (a common use case for `all` is in `shellFor` and it only has an
+        # install phase).
+        builtins.removeAttrs c ["preCheck" "postCheck" "keepSource"]
+      ) allComps
+    ) // {
+      # If any one of the components needs us to keep the source
+      # then keep it for the `all` component
+      keepSource = lib.foldl' (x: comp: x || comp.keepSource) false allComps;
+    };
 }
diff --git a/modules/plan.nix b/modules/plan.nix
index 34ddcc9e8a..49ddfe59ea 100644
--- a/modules/plan.nix
+++ b/modules/plan.nix
@@ -138,6 +138,11 @@ let
             type = bool;
             default = (def.enableShared or true);
           };
+          configureAllComponents = mkOption {
+            description = "If set all the components in the package are configured (useful for cabal-doctest).";
+            type = bool;
+            default = false;
+          };
           shellHook = mkOption {
             description = "Hook to run when entering a shell";
             type = unspecified; # Can be either a string or a function
diff --git a/test/cabal-doctests/Setup.hs b/test/cabal-doctests/Setup.hs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0bc21b776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cabal-doctests/Setup.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+module Main where
+
+import Distribution.Extra.Doctest (defaultMainWithDoctests)
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = defaultMainWithDoctests "doctests"
diff --git a/test/cabal-doctests/cabal-doctests-test.cabal b/test/cabal-doctests/cabal-doctests-test.cabal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36eb9ee6df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cabal-doctests/cabal-doctests-test.cabal
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+cabal-version: 1.12
+
+name:           cabal-doctests-test
+version:        0.1.0.0
+build-type:     Custom
+
+custom-setup
+ setup-depends:
+   base >= 4 && <5,
+   Cabal,
+   cabal-doctest >= 1 && <1.1
+
+library
+  hs-source-dirs: src
+  exposed-modules: Lib
+  other-modules: Paths_cabal_doctests_test
+  build-depends:
+      base >=4.7 && <5,
+      aeson
+  default-language: Haskell2010
+
+test-suite doctests
+  hs-source-dirs: doctests
+  x-doctest-options: --no-magic
+  type: exitcode-stdio-1.0
+  main-is: Doctests.hs
+  ghc-options: -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N
+  build-depends:
+      base >=4.7 && <5
+    , doctest
+  default-language: Haskell2010
diff --git a/test/cabal-doctests/default.nix b/test/cabal-doctests/default.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c91c687d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cabal-doctests/default.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Test a package set
+{ stdenv, util, cabalProject', haskellLib, gmp6, zlib, recurseIntoAttrs, runCommand, testSrc, compiler-nix-name }:
+
+with stdenv.lib;
+
+let
+  project =
+    cabalProject' {
+      inherit compiler-nix-name;
+      src = testSrc "cabal-doctests";
+      index-state = "2021-01-11T00:00:00Z";
+    };
+
+  packages = project.hsPkgs;
+
+  meta = {
+    platforms = platforms.all;
+    # Making this work for cross compilers will be difficult.
+    disabled = stdenv.buildPlatform != stdenv.hostPlatform;
+  };
+
+in recurseIntoAttrs ({
+  ifdInputs = {
+    plan-nix = addMetaAttrs meta project.plan-nix;
+  };
+  run = stdenv.mkDerivation {
+    name = "cabal-doctests-test";
+
+    buildCommand = ''
+      printf "Checking that doctest tests have run ... " >& 2
+      cat ${packages.cabal-doctests-test.checks.doctests}/test-stdout >& 2
+
+      touch $out
+    '';
+
+    meta = {
+      platforms = platforms.all;
+      # Making cabal-doctest work for cross compilers will be difficult.
+      disabled = stdenv.buildPlatform != stdenv.hostPlatform;
+    };
+
+    passthru = {
+      # Used for debugging with nix repl
+      inherit project packages;
+    };
+  };
+})
diff --git a/test/cabal-doctests/doctests/Doctests.hs b/test/cabal-doctests/doctests/Doctests.hs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff0b6eb857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cabal-doctests/doctests/Doctests.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+module Main where
+
+import Build_doctests (flags, pkgs, module_sources)
+import Data.Foldable (traverse_)
+import System.Environment (unsetEnv)
+import Test.DocTest (doctest)
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = do
+  putStrLn ""
+  traverse_ putStrLn args -- optionally print arguments
+  unsetEnv "GHC_ENVIRONMENT" -- see 'Notes'; you may not need this
+  doctest args
+  where
+    args :: [String]
+    args = flags ++ pkgs ++ module_sources -- ++ ["-v"]
diff --git a/test/cabal-doctests/src/Lib.hs b/test/cabal-doctests/src/Lib.hs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e232cff521
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cabal-doctests/src/Lib.hs
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+module Lib
+    ( someFunc
+    ) where
+
+import Data.Aeson (encode)
+import Paths_cabal_doctests_test (version)
+
+-- |
+-- >>> 1 + 1
+-- 2
+--
+-- >>> version
+-- Version {versionBranch = [0,1,0,0], versionTags = []}
+--
+-- >>> encode (Just 1 :: Maybe Int)
+-- "1"
+someFunc :: IO ()
+someFunc = putStrLn "someFunc"
diff --git a/test/default.nix b/test/default.nix
index 424caa1cf7..5cc629e77f 100644
--- a/test/default.nix
+++ b/test/default.nix
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ let
     ghc-options-stack = callTest ./ghc-options/stack.nix {};
     exe-only = callTest ./exe-only { inherit util compiler-nix-name; };
     stack-source-repo = callTest ./stack-source-repo {};
+    cabal-doctests = callTest ./cabal-doctests { inherit util compiler-nix-name; };
     extra-hackage = callTest ./extra-hackage { inherit compiler-nix-name; };
     hls-cabal = callTest ./haskell-language-server/cabal.nix { inherit compiler-nix-name; };
     hls-stack = callTest ./haskell-language-server/stack.nix { inherit compiler-nix-name; };