diff --git a/src/runtime/connected-callback.ts b/src/runtime/connected-callback.ts
index 947a2ee5f07..e83db09d5f1 100644
--- a/src/runtime/connected-callback.ts
+++ b/src/runtime/connected-callback.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { createTime } from './profile';
 import { HYDRATE_ID, NODE_TYPE, PLATFORM_FLAGS } from './runtime-constants';
 import { addStyle } from './styles';
 import { attachToAncestor } from './update-component';
+import { insertBefore } from './vdom/vdom-render';
 
 export const connectedCallback = (elm: d.HostElement) => {
   if ((plt.$flags$ & PLATFORM_FLAGS.isTmpDisconnected) === 0) {
@@ -128,5 +129,5 @@ const setContentReference = (elm: d.HostElement) => {
     BUILD.isDebug ? `content-ref (host=${elm.localName})` : '',
   ) as any);
   contentRefElm['s-cn'] = true;
-  elm.insertBefore(contentRefElm, elm.firstChild);
+  insertBefore(elm, contentRefElm, elm.firstChild);
 };
diff --git a/src/runtime/dom-extras.ts b/src/runtime/dom-extras.ts
index 6012bd65981..a2edcccd34b 100644
--- a/src/runtime/dom-extras.ts
+++ b/src/runtime/dom-extras.ts
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ export const patchTextContent = (hostElementPrototype: HTMLElement): void => {
           this.__textContent = value;
           const contentRefElm = this['s-cr'];
           if (contentRefElm) {
-            this.insertBefore(contentRefElm, this.firstChild);
+            insertBefore(this, contentRefElm, this.firstChild);
           }
         }
       },
diff --git a/src/runtime/vdom/vdom-annotations.ts b/src/runtime/vdom/vdom-annotations.ts
index 09541d7ae8f..431d41f8d62 100644
--- a/src/runtime/vdom/vdom-annotations.ts
+++ b/src/runtime/vdom/vdom-annotations.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   SLOT_NODE_ID,
   TEXT_NODE_ID,
 } from '../runtime-constants';
+import { insertBefore } from './vdom-render';
 
 /**
  * Updates the DOM generated on the server with annotations such as node attributes and
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ export const insertVdomAnnotations = (doc: Document, staticComponents: string[])
             }
             const commentBeforeTextNode = doc.createComment(childId);
             commentBeforeTextNode.nodeValue = `${TEXT_NODE_ID}.${childId}`;
-            nodeRef.parentNode?.insertBefore(commentBeforeTextNode, nodeRef);
+            insertBefore(nodeRef.parentNode, commentBeforeTextNode, nodeRef);
           }
         }
 
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@ const insertChildVNodeAnnotations = (
       const textNodeId = `${TEXT_NODE_ID}.${childId}`;
 
       const commentBeforeTextNode = doc.createComment(textNodeId);
-      parentNode?.insertBefore(commentBeforeTextNode, childElm);
+      insertBefore(parentNode, commentBeforeTextNode, childElm);
     }
   } else if (childElm.nodeType === NODE_TYPE.CommentNode) {
     if (childElm['s-sr']) {
diff --git a/src/runtime/vdom/vdom-render.ts b/src/runtime/vdom/vdom-render.ts
index 9143125d0f8..8217a29661e 100644
--- a/src/runtime/vdom/vdom-render.ts
+++ b/src/runtime/vdom/vdom-render.ts
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ export const insertBefore = (parent: Node, newNode: Node, reference?: Node): Nod
   return inserted;
 };
 
-const findParentScopeId = (element: any): any => {
+const findParentScopeId = (element: d.RenderNode): string | undefined => {
   return element
     ? element['s-rsc'] || element['s-si'] || element['s-sc'] || findParentScopeId(element.parentElement)
     : undefined;