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backbone / backbone.js
Adam Mangum admangum
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168 contributors

Jeremy Ashkenas Brad Dunbar Casey Foster Adam Krebs Tim Griesser Jimmy Yuen Ho Wong Genadi Samokovarov Krawaller Samuel Clay Sam Breed Tim Branyen Irene Ros Jeff Larson Ryan Mohr Andrew Schaaf Derick Bailey Alex Graul Sam Stephenson Andrew Terris Adriaan Labuschagne Raimonds Simanovskis Tomasz Tunik James Campos Johannes Nick Fitzgerald James Sanders and others
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// Backbone.js 1.1.2
// (c) 2010-2014 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
// Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
// For all details and documentation:
// http://backbonejs.org
(function(root, factory) {
// Set up Backbone appropriately for the environment. Start with AMD.
if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
define(['underscore', 'jquery', 'exports'], function(_, $, exports) {
// Export global even in AMD case in case this script is loaded with
// others that may still expect a global Backbone.
root.Backbone = factory(root, exports, _, $);
});
// Next for Node.js or CommonJS. jQuery may not be needed as a module.
} else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
var _ = require('underscore');
factory(root, exports, _);
// Finally, as a browser global.
} else {
root.Backbone = factory(root, {}, root._, (root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$));
}
}(this, function(root, Backbone, _, $) {
// Initial Setup
// -------------
// Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
// restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
// Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later.
var array = [];
var slice = array.slice;
// Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
Backbone.VERSION = '1.1.2';
// For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
// the `$` variable.
Backbone.$ = $;
// Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
// to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
Backbone.noConflict = function() {
root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
return this;
};
// Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
// will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
// set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
// Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
// `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
// `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
// form param named `model`.
Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
// Backbone.Events
// ---------------
// A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
// custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback
// functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
// succession.
//
// var object = {};
// _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
// object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
// object.trigger('expand');
//
var Events = Backbone.Events = {
// Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
// the callback to all events fired.
on: function(name, callback, context) {
if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
this._events || (this._events = {});
var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []);
events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this});
return this;
},
// Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
// the callback is invoked, it will be removed.
once: function(name, callback, context) {
if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
var self = this;
var once = _.once(function() {
self.off(name, once);
callback.apply(this, arguments);
});
once._callback = callback;
return this.on(name, once, context);
},
// Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all
// callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all
// callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound
// callbacks for all events.
off: function(name, callback, context) {
if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this;
// Remove all callbacks for all events.
if (!name && !callback && !context) {
this._events = void 0;
return this;
}
var names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events);
for (var i = 0, length = names.length; i < length; i++) {
name = names[i];
// Bail out if there are no events stored.
var events = this._events[name];
if (!events) continue;
// Remove all callbacks for this event.
if (!callback && !context) {
delete this._events[name];
continue;
}
// Find any remaining events.
var remaining = [];
for (var j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) {
var event = events[j];
if (
callback && callback !== event.callback &&
callback !== event.callback._callback ||
context && context !== event.context
) {
remaining.push(event);
}
}
// Replace events if there are any remaining. Otherwise, clean up.
if (remaining.length) {
this._events[name] = remaining;
} else {
delete this._events[name];
}
}
return this;
},
// Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
// passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
// (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
// receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
trigger: function(name) {
if (!this._events) return this;
var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this;
var events = this._events[name];
var allEvents = this._events.all;
if (events) triggerEvents(events, args);
if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments);
return this;
},
// Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or
// to every object it's currently listening to.
stopListening: function(obj, name, callback) {
var listeningTo = this._listeningTo;
if (!listeningTo) return this;
var remove = !name && !callback;
if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
if (obj) (listeningTo = {})[obj._listenId] = obj;
for (var id in listeningTo) {
obj = listeningTo[id];
obj.off(name, callback, this);
if (remove || _.isEmpty(obj._events)) delete this._listeningTo[id];
}
return this;
}
};
// Regular expression used to split event strings.
var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
// Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event
// names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}`
// in terms of the existing API.
var eventsApi = function(obj, action, name, rest) {
if (!name) return true;
// Handle event maps.
if (typeof name === 'object') {
for (var key in name) {
obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest));
}
return false;
}
// Handle space separated event names.
if (eventSplitter.test(name)) {
var names = name.split(eventSplitter);
for (var i = 0, length = names.length; i < length; i++) {
obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest));
}
return false;
}
return true;
};
// A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for
// triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal
// Backbone events have 3 arguments).
var triggerEvents = function(events, args) {
var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2];
switch (args.length) {
case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return;
case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return;
case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return;
case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return;
default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); return;
}
};
var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'};
// Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to
// listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's
// listening to.
_.each(listenMethods, function(implementation, method) {
Events[method] = function(obj, name, callback) {
var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {});
var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
listeningTo[id] = obj;
if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
obj[implementation](name, callback, this);
return this;
};
});
// Aliases for backwards compatibility.
Events.bind = Events.on;
Events.unbind = Events.off;
// Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who
// want global "pubsub" in a convenient place.
_.extend(Backbone, Events);
// Backbone.Model
// --------------
// Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework --
// frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server.
// A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for
// performing computations and transformations on that data.
// Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`)
// is automatically generated and assigned for you.
var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
var attrs = attributes || {};
options || (options = {});
this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
this.attributes = {};
if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, _.result(this, 'defaults'));
this.set(attrs, options);
this.changed = {};
this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
};
// Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
_.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
// A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
changed: null,
// The value returned during the last failed validation.
validationError: null,
// The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
// CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
idAttribute: 'id',
// Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
// initialization logic.
initialize: function(){},
// Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
toJSON: function(options) {
return _.clone(this.attributes);
},
// Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need
// custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model.
sync: function() {
return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
},
// Get the value of an attribute.
get: function(attr) {
return this.attributes[attr];
},
// Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
escape: function(attr) {
return _.escape(this.get(attr));
},
// Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
// or undefined.
has: function(attr) {
return this.get(attr) != null;
},
// Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is
// the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
// anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
set: function(key, val, options) {
var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current;
if (key == null) return this;
// Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
if (typeof key === 'object') {
attrs = key;
options = val;
} else {
(attrs = {})[key] = val;
}
options || (options = {});
// Run validation.
if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
// Extract attributes and options.
unset = options.unset;
silent = options.silent;
changes = [];
changing = this._changing;
this._changing = true;
if (!changing) {
this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
this.changed = {};
}
current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes;
// Check for changes of `id`.
if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
// For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
for (attr in attrs) {
val = attrs[attr];
if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
this.changed[attr] = val;
} else {
delete this.changed[attr];
}
unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
}
// Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
if (!silent) {
if (changes.length) this._pending = options;
for (var i = 0, length = changes.length; i < length; i++) {
this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options);
}
}
// You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can
// be recursively nested within `"change"` events.
if (changing) return this;
if (!silent) {
while (this._pending) {
options = this._pending;
this._pending = false;
this.trigger('change', this, options);
}
}
this._pending = false;
this._changing = false;
return this;
},
// Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop
// if the attribute doesn't exist.
unset: function(attr, options) {
return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
},
// Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`.
clear: function(options) {
var attrs = {};
for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0;
return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
},
// Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
// If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
hasChanged: function(attr) {
if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
return _.has(this.changed, attr);
},
// Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
// false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
// parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
// persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
// You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
// determining if there *would be* a change.
changedAttributes: function(diff) {
if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
var val, changed = false;
var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
for (var attr in diff) {
if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
(changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
}
return changed;
},
// Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
// `"change"` event was fired.
previous: function(attr) {
if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
return this._previousAttributes[attr];
},
// Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
// `"change"` event.
previousAttributes: function() {
return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
},
// Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
// model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden,
// triggering a `"change"` event.
fetch: function(options) {
options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
var model = this;
var success = options.success;
options.success = function(resp) {
if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false;
if (success) success(model, resp, options);
model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
};
wrapError(this, options);
return this.sync('read', this, options);
},
// Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
// If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
// state will be `set` again.
save: function(key, val, options) {
var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes;
// Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
attrs = key;
options = val;
} else {
(attrs = {})[key] = val;
}
options = _.extend({validate: true}, options);
// If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
// `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
// the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set.
if (attrs && !options.wait) {
if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
} else {
if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
}
// Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`.
if (attrs && options.wait) {
this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
}
// After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
// updated with the server-side state.
if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
var model = this;
var success = options.success;
options.success = function(resp) {
// Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
model.attributes = attributes;
var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options);
if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) {
return false;
}
if (success) success(model, resp, options);
model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
};
wrapError(this, options);
method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
if (method === 'patch' && !options.attrs) options.attrs = attrs;
xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
// Restore attributes.
if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes;
return xhr;
},
// Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
// Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
// If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
destroy: function(options) {
options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
var model = this;
var success = options.success;
var destroy = function() {
model.stopListening();
model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
};
options.success = function(resp) {
if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy();
if (success) success(model, resp, options);
if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
};
if (this.isNew()) {
options.success();
return false;
}
wrapError(this, options);
var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options);
if (!options.wait) destroy();
return xhr;
},
// Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
// using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
// that will be called.
url: function() {
var base =
_.result(this, 'urlRoot') ||
_.result(this.collection, 'url') ||
urlError();
if (this.isNew()) return base;
return base.replace(/([^\/])$/, '$1/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
},
// **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
// the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
parse: function(resp, options) {
return resp;
},
// Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
clone: function() {
return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
},
// A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
isNew: function() {
return !this.has(this.idAttribute);
},
// Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
isValid: function(options) {
return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true }));
},
// Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
// returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event.
_validate: function(attrs, options) {
if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true;
attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null;
if (!error) return true;
this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error}));
return false;
}
});
// Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model.
var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit', 'chain', 'isEmpty'];
// Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`.
_.each(modelMethods, function(method) {
if (!_[method]) return;
Model.prototype[method] = function() {
var args = slice.call(arguments);
args.unshift(this.attributes);
return _[method].apply(_, args);
};
});
// Backbone.Collection
// -------------------
// If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is
// more analogous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that
// table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason
// -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents
// belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain
// indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`.
// Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`.
// If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
// its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
options || (options = {});
if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator;
this._reset();
this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
};
// Default options for `Collection#set`.
var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true};
var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false};
// Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
_.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
// The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
// This should be overridden in most cases.
model: Model,
// Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
// initialization logic.
initialize: function(){},
// The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
// models' attributes.
toJSON: function(options) {
return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); });
},
// Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
sync: function() {
return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
},
// Add a model, or list of models to the set.
add: function(models, options) {
return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions));
},
// Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
remove: function(models, options) {
var singular = !_.isArray(models);
models = singular ? [models] : _.clone(models);
options || (options = {});
for (var i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) {
var model = models[i] = this.get(models[i]);
if (!model) continue;
var id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
if (id != null) delete this._byId[id];
delete this._byId[model.cid];
var index = this.indexOf(model);
this.models.splice(index, 1);
this.length--;
if (!options.silent) {
options.index = index;
model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
}
this._removeReference(model, options);
}
return singular ? models[0] : models;
},
// Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
// removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that
// already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
// the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
set: function(models, options) {
options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions);
if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options);
var singular = !_.isArray(models);
models = singular ? (models ? [models] : []) : models.slice();
var id, model, attrs, existing, sort;
var at = options.at;
var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false;
var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {};
var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove;
var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false;
// Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
// from being added.
for (var i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) {
attrs = models[i];
// If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
// optionally merge it into the existing model.
if (existing = this.get(attrs)) {
if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
if (merge && attrs !== existing) {
attrs = this._isModel(attrs) ? attrs.attributes : attrs;
if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
existing.set(attrs, options);
if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true;
}
models[i] = existing;
// If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
} else if (add) {
model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(attrs, options);
if (!model) continue;
toAdd.push(model);
this._addReference(model, options);
}
// Do not add multiple models with the same `id`.
model = existing || model;
if (!model) continue;
id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
if (order && (model.isNew() || !modelMap[id])) order.push(model);
modelMap[id] = true;
}
// Remove nonexistent models if appropriate.
if (remove) {
for (var i = 0, length = this.length; i < length; i++) {
if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model);
}
if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options);
}
// See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
if (toAdd.length || (order && order.length)) {
if (sortable) sort = true;
this.length += toAdd.length;
if (at != null) {
for (var i = 0, length = toAdd.length; i < length; i++) {
this.models.splice(at + i, 0, toAdd[i]);
}
} else {
if (order) this.models.length = 0;
var orderedModels = order || toAdd;
for (var i = 0, length = orderedModels.length; i < length; i++) {
this.models.push(orderedModels[i]);
}
}
}
// Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
if (sort) this.sort({silent: true});
// Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort events.
if (!options.silent) {
var addOpts = at != null ? _.clone(options) : options;
for (var i = 0, length = toAdd.length; i < length; i++) {
if (at != null) addOpts.index = at + i;
(model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, addOpts);
}
if (sort || (order && order.length)) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
}
// Return the added (or merged) model (or models).
return singular ? models[0] : models;
},
// When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
// you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
// any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
// Useful for bulk operations and optimizations.
reset: function(models, options) {
options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
for (var i = 0, length = this.models.length; i < length; i++) {
this._removeReference(this.models[i], options);
}
options.previousModels = this.models;
this._reset();
models = this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
return models;
},
// Add a model to the end of the collection.
push: function(model, options) {
return this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options));
},
// Remove a model from the end of the collection.
pop: function(options) {
var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
this.remove(model, options);
return model;
},
// Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
unshift: function(model, options) {
return this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options));
},
// Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
shift: function(options) {
var model = this.at(0);
this.remove(model, options);
return model;
},
// Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
slice: function() {
return slice.apply(this.models, arguments);
},
// Get a model from the set by id.
get: function(obj) {
if (obj == null) return void 0;
var id = this.modelId(this._isModel(obj) ? obj.attributes : obj);
return this._byId[obj] || this._byId[id] || this._byId[obj.cid];
},
// Get the model at the given index.
at: function(index) {
if (index < 0) index += this.length;
return this.models[index];
},
// Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
// `filter`.
where: function(attrs, first) {
if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : [];
return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) {
for (var key in attrs) {
if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false;
}
return true;
});
},
// Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
// of `find`.
findWhere: function(attrs) {
return this.where(attrs, true);
},
// Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
// normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
// is added.
sort: function(options) {
if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
options || (options = {});
// Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) {
this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this);
} else {
this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this));
}
if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
return this;
},
// Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
pluck: function(attr) {
return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr);
},
// Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
// collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
// data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
fetch: function(options) {
options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
var success = options.success;
var collection = this;
options.success = function(resp) {
var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set';
collection[method](resp, options);
if (success) success(collection, resp, options);
collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options);
};
wrapError(this, options);
return this.sync('read', this, options);
},
// Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
// collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
// wait for the server to agree.
create: function(model, options) {
options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false;
if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options);
var collection = this;
var success = options.success;
options.success = function(model, resp) {
if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options);
if (success) success(model, resp, options);
};
model.save(null, options);
return model;
},
// **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
// collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
parse: function(resp, options) {
return resp;
},
// Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one.
clone: function() {
return new this.constructor(this.models, {
model: this.model,
comparator: this.comparator
});
},
// Define how to uniquely identify models in the collection.
modelId: function (attrs) {
return attrs[this.model.prototype.idAttribute || 'id'];
},
// Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection
// is first initialized or reset.
_reset: function() {
this.length = 0;
this.models = [];
this._byId = {};
},
// Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this
// collection.
_prepareModel: function(attrs, options) {
if (this._isModel(attrs)) {
if (!attrs.collection) attrs.collection = this;
return attrs;
}
options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
options.collection = this;
var model = new this.model(attrs, options);
if (!model.validationError) return model;
this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options);
return false;
},
// Method for checking whether an object should be considered a model for
// the purposes of adding to the collection.
_isModel: function (model) {
return model instanceof Model;
},
// Internal method to create a model's ties to a collection.
_addReference: function(model, options) {
this._byId[model.cid] = model;
var id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
if (id != null) this._byId[id] = model;
model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
},
// Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
_removeReference: function(model, options) {
if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
},
// Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
// Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
// events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
// in other collections are ignored.
_onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) {
if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return;
if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options);
if (event === 'change') {
var prevId = this.modelId(model.previousAttributes());
var id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
if (prevId !== id) {
if (prevId != null) delete this._byId[prevId];
if (id != null) this._byId[id] = model;
}
}
this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
}
});
// Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
// 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented
// right here:
var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl',
'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select',
'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke',
'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest',
'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'difference', 'indexOf', 'shuffle',
'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain', 'sample', 'partition'];
// Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
_.each(methods, function(method) {
if (!_[method]) return;
Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
var args = slice.call(arguments);
args.unshift(this.models);
return _[method].apply(_, args);
};
});
// Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument.
var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy', 'indexBy'];
// Use attributes instead of properties.
_.each(attributeMethods, function(method) {
if (!_[method]) return;
Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) {
var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) {
return model.get(value);
};
return _[method](this.models, iterator, context);
};
});
// Backbone.View
// -------------
// Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View
// is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the
// DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or
// even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of
// UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without
// having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to
// react to specific changes in the state of your models.
// Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
// if an existing element is not provided...
var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
options || (options = {});
_.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
this._ensureElement();
this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
};
// Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
// List of view options to be merged as properties.
var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
// Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
_.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
// The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
tagName: 'div',
// jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
// current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible.
$: function(selector) {
return this.$el.find(selector);
},
// Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
// initialization logic.
initialize: function(){},
// **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
// to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
// convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
render: function() {
return this;
},
// Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any
// applicable Backbone.Events listeners.
remove: function() {
this._removeElement();
this.stopListening();
return this;
},
// Remove this view's element from the document and all event listeners
// attached to it. Exposed for subclasses using an alternative DOM
// manipulation API.
_removeElement: function() {
this.$el.remove();
},
// Change the view's element (`this.el` property) and re-delegate the
// view's events on the new element.
setElement: function(element) {
this.undelegateEvents();
this._setElement(element);
this.delegateEvents();
return this;
},
// Creates the `this.el` and `this.$el` references for this view using the
// given `el`. `el` can be a CSS selector or an HTML string, a jQuery
// context or an element. Subclasses can override this to utilize an
// alternative DOM manipulation API and are only required to set the
// `this.el` property.
_setElement: function(el) {
this.$el = el instanceof Backbone.$ ? el : Backbone.$(el);
this.el = this.$el[0];
},
// Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
//
// *{"event selector": "callback"}*
//
// {
// 'mousedown .title': 'edit',
// 'click .button': 'save',
// 'click .open': function(e) { ... }
// }
//
// pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
// Uses event delegation for efficiency.
// Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
delegateEvents: function(events) {
if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this;
this.undelegateEvents();
for (var key in events) {
var method = events[key];
if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
if (!method) continue;
var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
this.delegate(match[1], match[2], _.bind(method, this));
}
return this;
},
// Add a single event listener to the view's element (or a child element
// using `selector`). This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`,
// `blur`, and not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
delegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) {
this.$el.on(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener);
},
// Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view by `delegateEvents`.
// You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
// Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
undelegateEvents: function() {
if (this.$el) this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
return this;
},
// A finer-grained `undelegateEvents` for removing a single delegated event.
// `selector` and `listener` are both optional.
undelegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) {
this.$el.off(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener);
},
// Produces a DOM element to be assigned to your view. Exposed for
// subclasses using an alternative DOM manipulation API.
_createElement: function(tagName) {
return document.createElement(tagName);
},
// Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
// If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
// matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
// an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
_ensureElement: function() {
if (!this.el) {
var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes'));
if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id');
if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className');
this.setElement(this._createElement(_.result(this, 'tagName')));
this._setAttributes(attrs);
} else {
this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'));
}
},
// Set attributes from a hash on this view's element. Exposed for
// subclasses using an alternative DOM manipulation API.
_setAttributes: function(attributes) {
this.$el.attr(attributes);
}
});
// Backbone.sync
// -------------
// Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
// models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
// model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
// to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
//
// * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
// * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
// * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
//
// Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
// as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
// as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
// instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
// Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
// it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
var type = methodMap[method];
// Default options, unless specified.
_.defaults(options || (options = {}), {
emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP,
emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON
});
// Default JSON-request options.
var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'};
// Ensure that we have a URL.
if (!options.url) {
params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError();
}
// Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) {
params.contentType = 'application/json';
params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options));
}
// For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
if (options.emulateJSON) {
params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {};
}
// For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
// And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) {
params.type = 'POST';
if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
var beforeSend = options.beforeSend;
options.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments);
};
}
// Don't process data on a non-GET request.
if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) {
params.processData = false;
}
// Pass along `textStatus` and `errorThrown` from jQuery.
var error = options.error;
options.error = function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {
options.textStatus = textStatus;
options.errorThrown = errorThrown;
if (error) error.apply(this, arguments);
};
// Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options);
return xhr;
};
// Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
var methodMap = {
'create': 'POST',
'update': 'PUT',
'patch': 'PATCH',
'delete': 'DELETE',
'read': 'GET'
};
// Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`.
// Override this if you'd like to use a different library.
Backbone.ajax = function() {
return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments);
};
// Backbone.Router
// ---------------
// Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
// matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) {
options || (options = {});
if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
this._bindRoutes();
this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
};
// Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
// parts of route strings.
var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g;
var namedParam = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g;
var splatParam = /\*\w+/g;
var escapeRegExp = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;
// Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
_.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
// Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
// initialization logic.
initialize: function(){},
// Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
//
// this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
// ...
// });
//
route: function(route, name, callback) {
if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
if (_.isFunction(name)) {
callback = name;
name = '';
}
if (!callback) callback = this[name];
var router = this;
Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) {
var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment);
if (router.execute(callback, args, name) !== false) {
router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
router.trigger('route', name, args);
Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args);
}
});
return this;
},
// Execute a route handler with the provided parameters. This is an
// excellent place to do pre-route setup or post-route cleanup.
execute: function(callback, args, name) {
if (callback) callback.apply(this, args);
},
// Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
navigate: function(fragment, options) {
Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
return this;
},
// Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
// order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
// routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
_bindRoutes: function() {
if (!this.routes) return;
this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes');
var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes);
while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) {
this.route(route, this.routes[route]);
}
},
// Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
// against the current location hash.
_routeToRegExp: function(route) {
route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
.replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?')
.replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) {
return optional ? match : '([^/?]+)';
})
.replace(splatParam, '([^?]*?)');
return new RegExp('^' + route + '(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$');
},
// Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
// extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be
// treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior.
_extractParameters: function(route, fragment) {
var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
return _.map(params, function(param, i) {
// Don't decode the search params.
if (i === params.length - 1) return param || null;
return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null;
});
}
});
// Backbone.History
// ----------------
// Handles cross-browser history management, based on either
// [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or
// [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange)
// and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch),
// falls back to polling.
var History = Backbone.History = function() {
this.handlers = [];
_.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
// Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
this.location = window.location;
this.history = window.history;
}
};
// Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;
// Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
// Cached regex for stripping urls of hash.
var pathStripper = /#.*$/;
// Has the history handling already been started?
History.started = false;
// Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
_.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
// The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
// twenty times a second.
interval: 50,
// Are we at the app root?
atRoot: function() {
var path = this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/');
return path === this.root && !this.getSearch();
},
// In IE6, the hash fragment and search params are incorrect if the
// fragment contains `?`.
getSearch: function() {
var match = this.location.href.replace(/#.*/, '').match(/\?.+/);
return match ? match[0] : '';
},
// Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
// in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
getHash: function(window) {
var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
return match ? match[1] : '';
},
// Get the pathname and search params, without the root.
getPath: function() {
var path = decodeURI(this.location.pathname + this.getSearch());
var root = this.root.slice(0, -1);
if (!path.indexOf(root)) path = path.slice(root.length);
return path.slice(1);
},
// Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment from the path or hash.
getFragment: function(fragment) {
if (fragment == null) {
if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange) {
fragment = this.getPath();
} else {
fragment = this.getHash();
}
}
return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
},
// Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
// an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
start: function(options) {
if (History.started) throw new Error('Backbone.history has already been started');
History.started = true;
// Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
// Is pushState desired ... is it available?
this.options = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options);
this.root = this.options.root;
this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
this._hasHashChange = 'onhashchange' in window;
this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState;
this._hasPushState = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState);
this.fragment = this.getFragment();
// Add a cross-platform `addEventListener` shim for older browsers.
var addEventListener = window.addEventListener || function (eventName, listener) {
return attachEvent('on' + eventName, listener);
};
// Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');
// Proxy an iframe to handle location events if the browser doesn't
// support the `hashchange` event, HTML5 history, or the user wants
// `hashChange` but not `pushState`.
if (!this._hasHashChange && this._wantsHashChange && (!this._wantsPushState || !this._hasPushState)) {
var iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
iframe.src = 'javascript:0';
iframe.style.display = 'none';
iframe.tabIndex = -1;
var body = document.body;
// Using `appendChild` will throw on IE < 9 if the document is not ready.
this.iframe = body.insertBefore(iframe, body.firstChild).contentWindow;
this.navigate(this.fragment);
}
// Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
// 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
if (this._hasPushState) {
addEventListener('popstate', this.checkUrl, false);
} else if (this._wantsHashChange && this._hasHashChange && !this.iframe) {
addEventListener('hashchange', this.checkUrl, false);
} else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
}
// Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are
// requested.
if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) {
// If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
// browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
if (!this._hasPushState && !this.atRoot()) {
this.location.replace(this.root + '#' + this.getPath());
// Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
return true;
// Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
// in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
} else if (this._hasPushState && this.atRoot()) {
this.navigate(this.getHash(), {replace: true});
}
}
if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl();
},
// Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
// but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
stop: function() {
// Add a cross-platform `removeEventListener` shim for older browsers.
var removeEventListener = window.removeEventListener || function (eventName, listener) {
return detachEvent('on' + eventName, listener);
};
// Remove window listeners.
if (this._hasPushState) {
removeEventListener('popstate', this.checkUrl, false);
} else if (this._wantsHashChange && this._hasHashChange && !this.iframe) {
removeEventListener('hashchange', this.checkUrl, false);
}
// Clean up the iframe if necessary.
if (this.iframe) {
document.body.removeChild(this.iframe.frameElement);
this.iframe = null;
}
// Some environments will throw when clearing an undefined interval.
if (this._checkUrlInterval) clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
History.started = false;
},
// Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
// may override previous routes.
route: function(route, callback) {
this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback});
},
// Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
// calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
checkUrl: function(e) {
var current = this.getFragment();
if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
current = this.getHash(this.iframe);
}
if (current === this.fragment) return false;
if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
this.loadUrl();
},
// Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
// match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
// returns `false`.
loadUrl: function(fragment) {
fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
return _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
handler.callback(fragment);
return true;
}
});
},
// Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
// 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
// the fragment in advance.
//
// The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
// route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
// you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
navigate: function(fragment, options) {
if (!History.started) return false;
if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: !!options};
var url = this.root + (fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || ''));
// Strip the hash and decode for matching.
fragment = decodeURI(fragment.replace(pathStripper, ''));
if (this.fragment === fragment) return;
this.fragment = fragment;
// Don't include a trailing slash on the root.
if (fragment === '' && url !== '/') url = url.slice(0, -1);
// If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
if (this._hasPushState) {
this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);
// If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
// fragment to store history.
} else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getHash(this.iframe))) {
// Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
// history entry on hash-tag change. When replace is true, we don't
// want this.
if(!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
}
// If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
// based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
} else {
return this.location.assign(url);
}
if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment);
},
// Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
// a new one to the browser history.
_updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
if (replace) {
var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');
location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
} else {
// Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
location.hash = '#' + fragment;
}
}
});
// Create the default Backbone.history.
Backbone.history = new History;
// Helpers
// -------
// Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
// Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
// class properties to be extended.
var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) {
var parent = this;
var child;
// The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
// (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
// by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
child = protoProps.constructor;
} else {
child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
}
// Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
_.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
// Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
// `parent`'s constructor function.
var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; };
Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
child.prototype = new Surrogate;
// Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
// if supplied.
if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
// Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
// later.
child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
return child;
};
// Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history.
Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend;
// Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
var urlError = function() {
throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
};
// Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
var wrapError = function(model, options) {
var error = options.error;
options.error = function(resp) {
if (error) error(model, resp, options);
model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
};
};
return Backbone;
}));
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