diff --git a/public/index.html b/public/index.html
index c333ee8..b126582 100644
--- a/public/index.html
+++ b/public/index.html
@@ -5,10 +5,7 @@
     <link rel="icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
     <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" />
-    <meta
-      name="description"
-      content="web site for the hips application"
-    />
+    <meta name="description" content="web site for the hips application" />
     <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/logo192.png" />
     <!--
       manifest.json provides metadata used when your web app is installed on a
diff --git a/server/socketServer.js b/server/socketServer.js
index 1610790..41ea054 100644
--- a/server/socketServer.js
+++ b/server/socketServer.js
@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ const socketConfig = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'prod'
     };
 const io = new socket_io_1.Server(socketConfig);
 let playerCount = 0;
-// the Map object holds key-value pairs and remembers the original insertion order of the keys
+// NOTE: the Map object holds key-value pairs
+// and remembers the original insertion order of the keys
 const socketToPlayerId = new Map();
 io.on('connection', (socket) => {
+    console.log('socket server connected to client');
     playerCount += 1;
     io.emit('playerCountUpdate', playerCount);
     if (playerCount < 3) {
diff --git a/server/socketServer.ts b/server/socketServer.ts
index e6c7172..80b2742 100644
--- a/server/socketServer.ts
+++ b/server/socketServer.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ let playerCount = 0;
 const socketToPlayerId = new Map<number, string>();
 
 io.on('connection', (socket: SocketData) => {
+  console.log('socket server connected to client');
   playerCount += 1;
   io.emit('playerCountUpdate', playerCount);
   if (playerCount < 3) {
@@ -38,18 +39,26 @@ io.on('connection', (socket: SocketData) => {
     // emit only back to sender to issue playerId
     socket.emit('assignPlayerId', playerCount);
 
-    socket.on('updatePlayer1', (pos: Position) => {
-      socket.broadcast.emit('updatePlayer1', pos);
+    socket.on('p1Moving', (pos: Position) => {
+      // to all clients except sender
+      socket.broadcast.emit('p1Moving', pos);
     });
-    socket.on('updatePlayer2', (pos: Position) => {
-      socket.broadcast.emit('updatePlayer2', pos);
+    socket.on('p2Moving', (pos: Position) => {
+      socket.broadcast.emit('p2Moving', pos);
+    });
+    socket.on('p1Punching', (isPunching: boolean, punchDirection: string) => {
+      // to all connected clients
+      io.emit('p1Punching', isPunching, punchDirection);
+    });
+    socket.on('p2Punching', (isPunching: boolean, punchDirection: string) => {
+      io.emit('p2Punching', isPunching, punchDirection);
     });
   }
   socket.on('disconnect', () => {
     playerCount -= 1;
     socketToPlayerId.set(playerCount, socket.id);
 
-    // need to emit to the remaining player that they're now player1
+    // need to emit to the remaining player that they're now player1 when player1 disconnects
     socket.broadcast.emit('assignPlayerId', playerCount);
     io.emit('playerCountUpdate', playerCount);
   });
diff --git a/server/tsconfig.json b/server/tsconfig.json
index 75dcaea..ba64835 100644
--- a/server/tsconfig.json
+++ b/server/tsconfig.json
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
     // "disableReferencedProjectLoad": true,             /* Reduce the number of projects loaded automatically by TypeScript. */
 
     /* Language and Environment */
-    "target": "es2016",                                  /* Set the JavaScript language version for emitted JavaScript and include compatible library declarations. */
+    "target": "es2016" /* Set the JavaScript language version for emitted JavaScript and include compatible library declarations. */,
     // "lib": [],                                        /* Specify a set of bundled library declaration files that describe the target runtime environment. */
     // "jsx": "preserve",                                /* Specify what JSX code is generated. */
     // "experimentalDecorators": true,                   /* Enable experimental support for TC39 stage 2 draft decorators. */
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
     // "moduleDetection": "auto",                        /* Control what method is used to detect module-format JS files. */
 
     /* Modules */
-    "module": "commonjs",                                /* Specify what module code is generated. */
+    "module": "commonjs" /* Specify what module code is generated. */,
     // "rootDir": "./",                                  /* Specify the root folder within your source files. */
     // "moduleResolution": "node",                       /* Specify how TypeScript looks up a file from a given module specifier. */
     // "baseUrl": "./",                                  /* Specify the base directory to resolve non-relative module names. */
@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@
     /* Interop Constraints */
     // "isolatedModules": true,                          /* Ensure that each file can be safely transpiled without relying on other imports. */
     // "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,             /* Allow 'import x from y' when a module doesn't have a default export. */
-    "esModuleInterop": true,                             /* Emit additional JavaScript to ease support for importing CommonJS modules. This enables 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports' for type compatibility. */
+    "esModuleInterop": true /* Emit additional JavaScript to ease support for importing CommonJS modules. This enables 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports' for type compatibility. */,
     // "preserveSymlinks": true,                         /* Disable resolving symlinks to their realpath. This correlates to the same flag in node. */
-    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,            /* Ensure that casing is correct in imports. */
+    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true /* Ensure that casing is correct in imports. */,
 
     /* Type Checking */
-    "strict": true,                                      /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
+    "strict": true /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */,
     // "noImplicitAny": true,                            /* Enable error reporting for expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
     // "strictNullChecks": true,                         /* When type checking, take into account 'null' and 'undefined'. */
     // "strictFunctionTypes": true,                      /* When assigning functions, check to ensure parameters and the return values are subtype-compatible. */
@@ -98,6 +98,6 @@
 
     /* Completeness */
     // "skipDefaultLibCheck": true,                      /* Skip type checking .d.ts files that are included with TypeScript. */
-    "skipLibCheck": true                                 /* Skip type checking all .d.ts files. */
+    "skipLibCheck": true /* Skip type checking all .d.ts files. */
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/App.css b/src/App.css
index cd23344..d3d8002 100644
--- a/src/App.css
+++ b/src/App.css
@@ -20,3 +20,9 @@
 .player {
   position: absolute;
 }
+
+.punch-line {
+  width: 24px;
+  height: 2px;
+  position: absolute;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/App.tsx b/src/App.tsx
index c16703e..3e1fbbc 100644
--- a/src/App.tsx
+++ b/src/App.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { io, Socket } from 'socket.io-client';
 import { DefaultEventsMap } from '@socket.io/component-emitter';
+import PunchLine from './PunchLine';
 import './App.css';
 
 let socket: Socket<DefaultEventsMap, DefaultEventsMap>;
@@ -11,6 +12,10 @@ function App() {
   const [posY1, setPosY1] = useState(150);
   const [posX2, setPosX2] = useState(50);
   const [posY2, setPosY2] = useState(50);
+  const [p1Punching, setP1Punching] = useState(false);
+  const [p2Punching, setP2Punching] = useState(false);
+  const [p1PunchDirection, setP1PunchDirection] = useState('');
+  const [p2PunchDirection, setP2PunchDirection] = useState('');
 
   // collision refs
   const player1Ref = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
@@ -20,6 +25,7 @@ function App() {
   // other state
   const [moving, setMoving] = useState(false);
   const [direction, setDirection] = useState('');
+  const [lastDirection, setLastDirection] = useState('n');
   const [playerCount, setPlayerCount] = useState(0);
   const [playerId, setPlayerId] = useState(0);
 
@@ -34,6 +40,15 @@ function App() {
     d: 'e',
   };
 
+  const validPunchDirection = () => {
+    let dir = direction.slice(0, 2);
+    if (dir === 'ew' || dir === 'we' || dir === 'sn' || dir === 'ns') {
+      return direction[1];
+    } else {
+      return dir;
+    }
+  };
+
   const isValidDirection = (key: string, dir: string) =>
     ((key === 'ArrowUp' || key === 'w') && !dir.includes('n')) ||
     ((key === 'ArrowDown' || key === 's') && !dir.includes('s')) ||
@@ -44,10 +59,22 @@ function App() {
     if (isValidDirection(e.key, direction)) {
       setMoving(true);
       setDirection(direction + directionMap[e.key]);
+    } else if (e.key === ' ') {
+      if (e.repeat) return;
+      const punchDirection =
+        direction === '' ? lastDirection : validPunchDirection();
+      // emitting pattern where the socket controls the state:
+      // key press emits the event, the socket server emits back to all clients
+      socket.emit(`p${playerId}Punching`, true, punchDirection);
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        socket.emit(`p${playerId}Punching`, false, '');
+      }, 150);
     }
   };
 
   const handleKeyUp = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+    if (e.key === ' ') return;
+    setLastDirection(direction);
     const mappedDirection = directionMap[e.key];
     if (mappedDirection) {
       const i = direction.indexOf(mappedDirection);
@@ -67,10 +94,10 @@ function App() {
     const borderHitBox = borderDiv!.getBoundingClientRect();
 
     const checkCollision = (side: keyof DOMRect) =>
-      playerHitBox[side] <= +borderHitBox[side] + borderBuffer;
+      +playerHitBox[side] <= +borderHitBox[side] + borderBuffer;
 
     const checkCollisionAlt = (side: keyof DOMRect) =>
-      playerHitBox[side] >= +borderHitBox[side] - borderBuffer;
+      +playerHitBox[side] >= +borderHitBox[side] - borderBuffer;
 
     let borderDetected = new Set<string>();
     if (checkCollision('left')) {
@@ -100,11 +127,11 @@ function App() {
     if (playerId === 1) {
       setPosX1(posX1 + dx);
       setPosY1(posY1 + dy);
-      socket.emit('updatePlayer1', { x: posX1, y: posY1 });
+      socket.emit('p1Moving', { x: posX1, y: posY1 });
     } else {
       setPosX2(posX2 + dx);
       setPosY2(posY2 + dy);
-      socket.emit('updatePlayer2', { x: posX2, y: posY2 });
+      socket.emit('p2Moving', { x: posX2, y: posY2 });
     }
   };
 
@@ -187,14 +214,22 @@ function App() {
     socket.on('assignPlayerId', (id: number) => {
       setPlayerId(id);
     });
-    socket.on('updatePlayer1', (pos) => {
+    socket.on('p1Moving', (pos) => {
       setPosX1(pos.x);
       setPosY1(pos.y);
     });
-    socket.on('updatePlayer2', (pos) => {
+    socket.on('p2Moving', (pos) => {
       setPosX2(pos.x);
       setPosY2(pos.y);
     });
+    socket.on('p1Punching', (isPunching, punchDirection) => {
+      setP1Punching(isPunching);
+      setP1PunchDirection(punchDirection);
+    });
+    socket.on('p2Punching', (isPunching, punchDirection) => {
+      setP2Punching(isPunching);
+      setP2PunchDirection(punchDirection);
+    });
     socket.on('display', (res: string) => {
       console.log(res);
     });
@@ -248,6 +283,22 @@ function App() {
             }}
           />
         )}
+        {p1Punching && (
+          <PunchLine
+            punchDirection={p1PunchDirection}
+            posX={posX1}
+            posY={posY1}
+            color='white'
+          />
+        )}
+        {p2Punching && (
+          <PunchLine
+            punchDirection={p2PunchDirection}
+            posX={posX2}
+            posY={posY2}
+            color='red'
+          />
+        )}
       </div>
     );
   }
diff --git a/src/PunchLine.tsx b/src/PunchLine.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbd7e7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/PunchLine.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { useEffect } from 'react';
+
+interface Props {
+  punchDirection: string;
+  posX: number;
+  posY: number;
+  color: string;
+}
+
+function PunchLine({ punchDirection, posX, posY, color }: Props) {
+  useEffect(() => {
+    console.log({ punchDirection });
+  }, [punchDirection]);
+
+  const punchDirectionMap = {
+    n: { top: posY - 10, left: posX },
+    e: { top: posY + 11, left: posX + 21, transform: 'rotate(90deg)' },
+    s: { top: posY + 32, left: posX },
+    w: { top: posY + 11, left: posX - 21, transform: 'rotate(90deg)' },
+    ne: { top: posY - 5, left: posX + 16, transform: 'rotate(45deg)' },
+    en: { top: posY - 5, left: posX + 16, transform: 'rotate(45deg)' },
+    se: { top: posY + 28, left: posX + 17, transform: 'rotate(135deg)' },
+    es: { top: posY + 28, left: posX + 17, transform: 'rotate(135deg)' },
+    sw: { top: posY + 28, left: posX - 16, transform: 'rotate(45deg)' },
+    ws: { top: posY + 28, left: posX - 16, transform: 'rotate(45deg)' },
+    nw: { top: posY - 5, left: posX - 16, transform: 'rotate(135deg)' },
+    wn: { top: posY - 5, left: posX - 16, transform: 'rotate(135deg)' },
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      className='punch-line'
+      style={{
+        ...punchDirectionMap[punchDirection as keyof typeof punchDirectionMap],
+        backgroundColor: color,
+      }}
+    />
+  );
+}
+
+export default PunchLine;