diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 6ad94faece02..e70d4005fcd7 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 - `[jest-config]` [**BREAKING**] Add `mts` and `cts` to default `moduleFileExtensions` config ([#14369](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/14369))
 - `[jest-config]` [**BREAKING**] Update `testMatch` and `testRegex` default option for supporting `mjs`, `cjs`, `mts`, and `cts` ([#14584](https://github.com/jestjs/jest/pull/14584))
 - `[jest-config]` Loads config file from provided path in `package.json` ([#14044](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/14044))
+- `[jest-config]` Allow loading `jest.config.cts` files ([#14070](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/14070))
 - `[@jest/core]` Group together open handles with the same stack trace ([#13417](https://github.com/jestjs/jest/pull/13417), & [#14789](https://github.com/jestjs/jest/pull/14789))
 - `[@jest/core]` Add `perfStats` to surface test setup overhead ([#14622](https://github.com/jestjs/jest/pull/14622))
 - `[@jest/core]` [**BREAKING**] Changed `--filter` to accept an object with shape `{ filtered: Array<string> }` to match [documentation](https://jestjs.io/docs/cli#--filterfile) ([#13319](https://github.com/jestjs/jest/pull/13319))
diff --git a/docs/Configuration.md b/docs/Configuration.md
index 907af0b9ec7a..e14fb57dfd74 100644
--- a/docs/Configuration.md
+++ b/docs/Configuration.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ title: Configuring Jest
 
 The Jest philosophy is to work great by default, but sometimes you just need more configuration power.
 
-It is recommended to define the configuration in a dedicated JavaScript, TypeScript or JSON file. The file will be discovered automatically, if it is named `jest.config.js|ts|mjs|cjs|json`. You can use [`--config`](CLI.md#--configpath) flag to pass an explicit path to the file.
+It is recommended to define the configuration in a dedicated JavaScript, TypeScript or JSON file. The file will be discovered automatically, if it is named `jest.config.js|ts|mjs|cjs|cts|json`. You can use [`--config`](CLI.md#--configpath) flag to pass an explicit path to the file.
 
 :::note
 
diff --git a/e2e/__tests__/tsIntegration.test.ts b/e2e/__tests__/tsIntegration.test.ts
index 32d9f01ccd66..fcb4f2df10af 100644
--- a/e2e/__tests__/tsIntegration.test.ts
+++ b/e2e/__tests__/tsIntegration.test.ts
@@ -54,6 +54,45 @@ describe('when `Config` type is imported from "@jest/types"', () => {
     expect(globalConfig.verbose).toBe(true);
   });
 
+  test('with object config exported from CTS file', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+        import type {Config} from '@jest/types';
+        const config: Config.InitialOptions = {displayName: 'ts-object-config', verbose: true};
+        export default config;
+      `,
+      'package.json': '{}',
+    });
+
+    const {configs, globalConfig} = getConfig(path.join(DIR));
+
+    expect(configs).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(configs[0].displayName?.name).toBe('ts-object-config');
+    expect(globalConfig.verbose).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('with function config exported from CTS file', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+        import type {Config} from '@jest/types';
+        async function getVerbose() {return true;}
+        export default async (): Promise<Config.InitialOptions> => {
+          const verbose: Config.InitialOptions['verbose'] = await getVerbose();
+          return {displayName: 'ts-async-function-config', verbose};
+        };
+        `,
+      'package.json': '{}',
+    });
+
+    const {configs, globalConfig} = getConfig(path.join(DIR));
+
+    expect(configs).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(configs[0].displayName?.name).toBe('ts-async-function-config');
+    expect(globalConfig.verbose).toBe(true);
+  });
+
   test('throws if type errors are encountered', () => {
     writeFiles(DIR, {
       '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
@@ -92,6 +131,44 @@ describe('when `Config` type is imported from "@jest/types"', () => {
     expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
   });
 
+  test('throws if type errors are encountered with CTS config', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+        import type {Config} from '@jest/types';
+        const config: Config.InitialOptions = {testTimeout: '10000'};
+        export default config;
+        `,
+      'package.json': '{}',
+    });
+
+    const {stderr, exitCode} = runJest(DIR);
+
+    expect(stderr).toMatch(
+      "jest.config.cts(2,40): error TS2322: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'number'.",
+    );
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  test('throws if syntax errors are encountered with CTS config', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+        import type {Config} from '@jest/types';
+        const config: Config.InitialOptions = {verbose: true};
+        export default get config;
+        `,
+      'package.json': '{}',
+    });
+
+    const {stderr, exitCode} = runJest(DIR);
+
+    expect(stderr).toMatch(
+      "jest.config.cts(3,16): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'get'.",
+    );
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+  });
+
   test('works with object config exported from TS file when package.json#type=module', () => {
     writeFiles(DIR, {
       '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(12).toBe(12));",
@@ -114,6 +191,45 @@ describe('when `Config` type is imported from "@jest/types"', () => {
     writeFiles(DIR, {
       '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(12).toBe(12));",
       'jest.config.ts': `
+      import type {Config} from '@jest/types';
+      async function getVerbose() {return true;}
+      export default async (): Promise<Config.InitialOptions> => {
+        const verbose: Config.InitialOptions['verbose'] = await getVerbose();
+        return {displayName: 'ts-esm-async-function-config', verbose};
+      };
+      `,
+      'package.json': '{"type": "module"}',
+    });
+
+    const {configs, globalConfig} = getConfig(path.join(DIR));
+
+    expect(configs).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(configs[0].displayName?.name).toBe('ts-esm-async-function-config');
+    expect(globalConfig.verbose).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('works with object config exported from CTS file when package.json#type=module', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(12).toBe(12));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+          import type {Config} from '@jest/types';
+          const config: Config.InitialOptions = {displayName: 'ts-esm-object-config', verbose: true};
+          export default config;
+          `,
+      'package.json': '{"type": "module"}',
+    });
+
+    const {configs, globalConfig} = getConfig(path.join(DIR));
+
+    expect(configs).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(configs[0].displayName?.name).toBe('ts-esm-object-config');
+    expect(globalConfig.verbose).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('works with function config exported from CTS file when package.json#type=module', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(12).toBe(12));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
           import type {Config} from '@jest/types';
           async function getVerbose() {return true;}
           export default async (): Promise<Config.InitialOptions> => {
@@ -168,6 +284,44 @@ describe('when `Config` type is imported from "@jest/types"', () => {
     );
     expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
   });
+
+  test('throws if type errors are encountered when package.json#type=module with CTS config', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(12).toBe(12));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+          import type {Config} from '@jest/types';
+          const config: Config.InitialOptions = {testTimeout: '10000'};
+          export default config;
+          `,
+      'package.json': '{"type": "module"}',
+    });
+
+    const {stderr, exitCode} = runJest(DIR);
+
+    expect(stderr).toMatch(
+      "jest.config.cts(2,40): error TS2322: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'number'.",
+    );
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  test('throws if syntax errors are encountered when package.json#type=module with CTS config', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+          import type {Config} from '@jest/types';
+          const config: Config.InitialOptions = {verbose: true};
+          export default get config;
+          `,
+      'package.json': '{"type": "module"}',
+    });
+
+    const {stderr, exitCode} = runJest(DIR);
+
+    expect(stderr).toMatch(
+      "jest.config.cts(3,16): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'get'.",
+    );
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+  });
 });
 
 describe('when `Config` type is imported from "jest"', () => {
@@ -210,6 +364,45 @@ describe('when `Config` type is imported from "jest"', () => {
     expect(globalConfig.verbose).toBe(true);
   });
 
+  test('with object config exported from CTS file', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+        import type {Config} from 'jest';
+        const config: Config = {displayName: 'ts-object-config', verbose: true};
+        export default config;
+        `,
+      'package.json': '{}',
+    });
+
+    const {configs, globalConfig} = getConfig(path.join(DIR));
+
+    expect(configs).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(configs[0].displayName?.name).toBe('ts-object-config');
+    expect(globalConfig.verbose).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('with function config exported from CTS file', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+        import type {Config} from 'jest';
+        async function getVerbose() {return true;}
+        export default async (): Promise<Config> => {
+          const verbose: Config['verbose'] = await getVerbose();
+          return {displayName: 'ts-async-function-config', verbose};
+        };
+        `,
+      'package.json': '{}',
+    });
+
+    const {configs, globalConfig} = getConfig(path.join(DIR));
+
+    expect(configs).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(configs[0].displayName?.name).toBe('ts-async-function-config');
+    expect(globalConfig.verbose).toBe(true);
+  });
+
   test('throws if type errors are encountered', () => {
     writeFiles(DIR, {
       '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
@@ -248,6 +441,44 @@ describe('when `Config` type is imported from "jest"', () => {
     expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
   });
 
+  test('throws if type errors are encountered with CTS config', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+        import type {Config} from 'jest';
+        const config: Config = {testTimeout: '10000'};
+        export default config;
+        `,
+      'package.json': '{}',
+    });
+
+    const {stderr, exitCode} = runJest(DIR);
+
+    expect(stderr).toMatch(
+      "jest.config.cts(2,25): error TS2322: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'number'.",
+    );
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  test('throws if syntax errors are encountered with CTS config', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+        import type {Config} from 'jest';
+        const config: Config = {verbose: true};
+        export default get config;
+        `,
+      'package.json': '{}',
+    });
+
+    const {stderr, exitCode} = runJest(DIR);
+
+    expect(stderr).toMatch(
+      "jest.config.cts(3,16): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'get'.",
+    );
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+  });
+
   test('works with object config exported from TS file when package.json#type=module', () => {
     writeFiles(DIR, {
       '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(12).toBe(12));",
@@ -287,6 +518,45 @@ describe('when `Config` type is imported from "jest"', () => {
     expect(globalConfig.verbose).toBe(true);
   });
 
+  test('works with object config exported from CTS file when package.json#type=module', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(12).toBe(12));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+          import type {Config} from 'jest';
+          const config: Config = {displayName: 'ts-esm-object-config', verbose: true};
+          export default config;
+          `,
+      'package.json': '{"type": "module"}',
+    });
+
+    const {configs, globalConfig} = getConfig(path.join(DIR));
+
+    expect(configs).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(configs[0].displayName?.name).toBe('ts-esm-object-config');
+    expect(globalConfig.verbose).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('works with function config exported from CTS file when package.json#type=module', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(12).toBe(12));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+          import type {Config} from 'jest';
+          async function getVerbose() {return true;}
+          export default async (): Promise<Config> => {
+            const verbose: Config['verbose'] = await getVerbose();
+            return {displayName: 'ts-esm-async-function-config', verbose};
+          };
+          `,
+      'package.json': '{"type": "module"}',
+    });
+
+    const {configs, globalConfig} = getConfig(path.join(DIR));
+
+    expect(configs).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(configs[0].displayName?.name).toBe('ts-esm-async-function-config');
+    expect(globalConfig.verbose).toBe(true);
+  });
+
   test('throws if type errors are encountered when package.json#type=module', () => {
     writeFiles(DIR, {
       '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(12).toBe(12));",
@@ -324,4 +594,42 @@ describe('when `Config` type is imported from "jest"', () => {
     );
     expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
   });
+
+  test('throws if type errors are encountered when package.json#type=module with CTS config', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(12).toBe(12));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+          import type {Config} from 'jest';
+          const config: Config = {testTimeout: '10000'};
+          export default config;
+          `,
+      'package.json': '{"type": "module"}',
+    });
+
+    const {stderr, exitCode} = runJest(DIR);
+
+    expect(stderr).toMatch(
+      "jest.config.cts(2,25): error TS2322: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'number'.",
+    );
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+  });
+
+  test('throws if syntax errors are encountered when package.json#type=module with CTS config', () => {
+    writeFiles(DIR, {
+      '__tests__/dummy.test.js': "test('dummy', () => expect(123).toBe(123));",
+      'jest.config.cts': `
+          import type {Config} from 'jest';
+          const config: Config = {verbose: true};
+          export default get config;
+          `,
+      'package.json': '{"type": "module"}',
+    });
+
+    const {stderr, exitCode} = runJest(DIR);
+
+    expect(stderr).toMatch(
+      "jest.config.cts(3,16): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'get'.",
+    );
+    expect(exitCode).toBe(1);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/create-jest/src/__tests__/__fixtures__/has-jest-config-file-cts/jest.config.cts b/packages/create-jest/src/__tests__/__fixtures__/has-jest-config-file-cts/jest.config.cts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4f69b4e3bda0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/create-jest/src/__tests__/__fixtures__/has-jest-config-file-cts/jest.config.cts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+export default {};
diff --git a/packages/create-jest/src/__tests__/__fixtures__/has-jest-config-file-cts/package.json b/packages/create-jest/src/__tests__/__fixtures__/has-jest-config-file-cts/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0967ef424bce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/create-jest/src/__tests__/__fixtures__/has-jest-config-file-cts/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{}
diff --git a/packages/create-jest/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/init.test.ts.snap b/packages/create-jest/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/init.test.ts.snap
index f209d032b847..20e00e7dab4b 100644
--- a/packages/create-jest/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/init.test.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/create-jest/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/init.test.ts.snap
@@ -18,6 +18,15 @@ Object {
 }
 `;
 
+exports[`init has-jest-config-file-cts ask the user whether to override config or not user answered with "Yes" 1`] = `
+Object {
+  "initial": true,
+  "message": "It seems that you already have a jest configuration, do you want to override it?",
+  "name": "continue",
+  "type": "confirm",
+}
+`;
+
 exports[`init has-jest-config-file-js ask the user whether to override config or not user answered with "Yes" 1`] = `
 Object {
   "initial": true,
diff --git a/packages/jest-cli/src/__tests__/args.test.ts b/packages/jest-cli/src/__tests__/args.test.ts
index b36c72d08f38..9cc7994205e1 100644
--- a/packages/jest-cli/src/__tests__/args.test.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-cli/src/__tests__/args.test.ts
@@ -89,13 +89,13 @@ describe('check', () => {
 
   it('raises an exception if config is not a valid JSON string', () => {
     expect(() => check(argv({config: 'x:1'}))).toThrow(
-      'The --config option requires a JSON string literal, or a file path with one of these extensions: .js, .ts, .mjs, .cjs, .json',
+      'The --config option requires a JSON string literal, or a file path with one of these extensions: .js, .ts, .mjs, .cjs, .cts, .json',
     );
   });
 
   it('raises an exception if config is not a supported file type', () => {
     const message =
-      'The --config option requires a JSON string literal, or a file path with one of these extensions: .js, .ts, .mjs, .cjs, .json';
+      'The --config option requires a JSON string literal, or a file path with one of these extensions: .js, .ts, .mjs, .cjs, .cts, .json';
 
     expect(() => check(argv({config: 'jest.configjs'}))).toThrow(message);
     expect(() => check(argv({config: 'jest.config.exe'}))).toThrow(message);
diff --git a/packages/jest-config/src/constants.ts b/packages/jest-config/src/constants.ts
index 476874874ec7..63172c139250 100644
--- a/packages/jest-config/src/constants.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-config/src/constants.ts
@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@ export const JEST_CONFIG_EXT_CJS = '.cjs';
 export const JEST_CONFIG_EXT_MJS = '.mjs';
 export const JEST_CONFIG_EXT_JS = '.js';
 export const JEST_CONFIG_EXT_TS = '.ts';
+export const JEST_CONFIG_EXT_CTS = '.cts';
 export const JEST_CONFIG_EXT_JSON = '.json';
 export const JEST_CONFIG_EXT_ORDER = Object.freeze([
   JEST_CONFIG_EXT_JS,
   JEST_CONFIG_EXT_TS,
   JEST_CONFIG_EXT_MJS,
   JEST_CONFIG_EXT_CJS,
+  JEST_CONFIG_EXT_CTS,
   JEST_CONFIG_EXT_JSON,
 ]);
diff --git a/packages/jest-config/src/readConfigFileAndSetRootDir.ts b/packages/jest-config/src/readConfigFileAndSetRootDir.ts
index 0b21f18c8038..84ec03e6ccc9 100644
--- a/packages/jest-config/src/readConfigFileAndSetRootDir.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-config/src/readConfigFileAndSetRootDir.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import type {Service} from 'ts-node';
 import type {Config} from '@jest/types';
 import {interopRequireDefault, requireOrImportModule} from 'jest-util';
 import {
+  JEST_CONFIG_EXT_CTS,
   JEST_CONFIG_EXT_JSON,
   JEST_CONFIG_EXT_TS,
   PACKAGE_JSON,
@@ -26,7 +27,9 @@ import {
 export default async function readConfigFileAndSetRootDir(
   configPath: string,
 ): Promise<Config.InitialOptions> {
-  const isTS = configPath.endsWith(JEST_CONFIG_EXT_TS);
+  const isTS =
+    configPath.endsWith(JEST_CONFIG_EXT_TS) ||
+    configPath.endsWith(JEST_CONFIG_EXT_CTS);
   const isJSON = configPath.endsWith(JEST_CONFIG_EXT_JSON);
   let configObject;