Tuesday, 07 May 2019
+Sunday, 09 June 2019
04:00 PM
-07:32 PM
+-From the archive -[Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds] +Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and all cause mortality: SUN prospective cohort study +[Latest BMJ Research]
From the archive
From the archive, Published online: 07 May 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01425-x
How Nature reported an explanation for biological clocks in 1969, and a nature reserve in Tasmania in 1919.-Facebook gives social scientists unprecedented access to its user data -[Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds] +Determinants of the decline in mortality from acute stroke in England: linked national database study of 795 869 adults +[Latest BMJ Research]
Facebook gives social scientists unprecedented access to its user data
Facebook gives social scientists unprecedented access to its user data, Published online: 03 May 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01447-5
Projects from around the world will delve into questions such as how misinformation spreads on social-media platforms and who distributes it.-Improving the Robustness of Adaptive Steganographic Algorithms Based on Transport Channel Matching -[IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - new TOC] +Breast cancer risk in transgender people receiving hormone treatment: nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands +[Latest BMJ Research]
Moving steganography and steganalysis from the laboratory into the real world, the robustness of steganography needs to be further considered. In this paper, we propose a robust steganographic algorithm to resist the JPEG compression of transport channel based on transport channel matching. Transport channel matching can adjust images to meet the requirements of transport channel so that the impact of JPEG compression from the channel can be reduced. To improve the robustness of steganography, the embedded message bits will be encoded by the error correction code. Then, the adaptive steganographic algorithms will be used to embed messages. To enhance the coding rate, the error correction capability t of the error correction code is dynamically adjusted according to the images. Experimental results on the local simulation of JPEG compression and social network site demonstrate that the proposed steganographic algorithm has a good performance with respect to both robustness and security. +
-A Tightly Coupled Inductive Power Transfer System for Low-Voltage and High-Current Charging of Automatic Guided Vehicles -[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics - new TOC] +Biological composition and microbial dynamics of sinking particulate organic matter at abyssal depths in the oligotrophic open ocean [Ecology] +[Early Edition]
This paper proposes a tightly coupled inductive power transfer (IPT) system for the low-voltage and high-current charging of automatic guided vehicles (AGVs). There are two challenges in the system design. First, the widely varying range of the airgap introduces difficulties to design the compensation circuit. Second, the low-voltage and high-current working condition introduces difficulties to maintain the system efficiency. This paper reveals that there are a large amount of high-order harmonic currents in a tightly coupled IPT system, and we have provided an effective design method to reduce the harmonics. The integrated LCC compensation circuit is selected as a solution, showing four merits: good robustness to the airgap variation, easy controllability, convenience to optimize the efficiency, and low high-order harmonics. A prototype is implemented, and the magnetic coupler size is 220 × 200 × 10 mm. Experimental results show that it achieves 1.78 kW power transfer from a 300 V dc source to a 24 V battery with 86.1% efficiency and a 73.8 A charging current across an airgap of 15 mm. When the airgap varies between 5 and 25 mm, the system power variation is within ±36.7% and the efficiency is not significantly affected. +
Sinking particles are a critical conduit for the export of organic material from surface waters to the deep ocean. Despite their importance in oceanic carbon cycling and export, little is known about the biotic composition, origins, and variability of sinking particles reaching abyssal depths. Here, we analyzed particle-associated nucleic acids...
-Superposed Compensation Strategy to Optimize Load/Line Transient Response and Reference Tracking for Discontinuous Conduction Mode Boost Converter -[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics - new TOC] +Adverse organogenesis and predisposed long-term metabolic syndrome from prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter [Agricultural Sciences] +[Early Edition]
For boost converter operating in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), feedback and feedforward compensators are widely used to improve the converter performance. However, it is relatively difficult to optimize load transient response (LoTR), line transient response (LiTR), and reference tracking speed (RTS) simultaneously, since the optimizations require different compensators that are incompatible. In order to solve the issue, a superposed compensation strategy is proposed in this paper, which consists of a feedback compensator and two feedforward compensators. Each compensator is tuned according to an objective transfer function, which optimizes LoTR, LiTR, and RTS. The outputs are summed as duty cycle according to the linear superposition principle. Compatibility of the compensators is improved by designing the feedforward compensators to adapt to the feedback compensator. Furthermore, based on the closed-loop model, design rules for the objective transfer functions are given to minimize the influences of the sample-and-hold effect and calculation delay, which are intrinsic in a digital controller. Finally, converter's LoTR, LiTR, and RTS are simultaneously optimized, which is proven by closed-loop magnitude–frequency plots, state trajectory analyses, and experimental results. +
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy is associated with high risks of birth defects/fatality and adverse long-term postnatal health. However, limited mechanistic data are available to assess the detailed impacts of prenatal PM exposure. Here we evaluate fine PM exposure during pregnancy on prenatal/postnatal organogenesis in offspring and...
-Toward Precise Gaze Estimation for Mobile Head-Mounted Gaze Tracking Systems -[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics - new TOC] +Photocontrollable mononegaviruses [Microbiology] +[Early Edition]
The gaze estimation in the mobile scenario often suffers from the extrapolation and parallax errors. In this paper, we propose a novel calibration framework to achieve the precise gaze estimation for head-mounted gaze trackers. Our proposed framework consists of two steps to learn a point-to-point and a point-to-line relations, respectively. The aim of step I is to infer the relation between pupil centers and spatially constrained points of regard. By adopting the “CalibMe” gaze data acquisition method, a sparse Gaussian Process using pseudo-inputs is used to capture the smooth residual field unmodeled by the polynomial function. Meanwhile, a distraction detection criterion is introduced to identify the moment when user's attention is taken away from the calibration point thereby removing outliers. By combining with the point-to-point relation inferred in step I, the observed parallax errors are leveraged in step II to obtain a point-to-line relation, i.e., each pupil center will correspond to an epipolar line. Thus, the real image gaze point projected from different depths is predicted as the intersection of two epipolar lines inferred from binocular data. The simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposed calibration framework for head-mounted gaze trackers. +
Mononegaviruses are promising tools as oncolytic vectors and transgene delivery vectors for gene therapy and regenerative medicine. By using the Magnet proteins, which reversibly heterodimerize upon blue light illumination, photocontrollable mononegaviruses (measles and rabies viruses) were generated. The Magnet proteins were inserted into the flexible domain of viral polymerase, and...
-Probabilistic Sequential Network for Deep Learning of Complex Process Data and Soft Sensor Application -[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics - new TOC] +2H/1H variation in microbial lipids is controlled by NADPH metabolism [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] +[Early Edition]
Soft sensing of quality/key variables is critical to the control and optimization of industrial processes. One of the main drawbacks of data-driven soft sensors is to deal with the dynamic and nonlinear characteristics of process data. This paper proposes a deep learning structure and corresponding training algorithm for the purpose of soft sensor, which is called probabilistic sequential network. The proposed model merges unsupervised feature extraction and supervised dynamic modeling approaches to improve the prediction performance. It is mainly based on the Gaussian-Bernoulli restricted Boltzmann machine and the recurrent neural network structure. To avoid the overfitting problem in the training procedure of deep learning algorithms, the L2 regularization and dropout technique are adopted. The new method can not only deeply extract the nonlinear feature but also widely capture dynamic characteristic of process data. Effectiveness and superiority of the new method are validated through an actual CO2 absorption column, compared to traditional methods. +
The hydrogen-isotopic compositions (2H/1H ratios) of lipids in microbial heterotrophs are known to vary enormously, by at least 40% (400‰) relative. This is particularly surprising, given that most C-bound H in their lipids appear to derive from the growth medium water, rather than from organic substrates, implying that the isotopic...
-Cell Segmentation for Quantitative Analysis of Anodized TiO<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_2$</tex-math></inline-formula> Foil -[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics - new TOC] +Misallocation of mycorrhizal traits leads to misleading results [Letters (Online Only)] +[Early Edition]
We propose a quantitative analysis method using cell segmentation to evaluate the coating quality of anodic oxide. In order to identify each cell in a titania surface, a boundary region is adaptively detected according to the regional intensity distribution, and a boundary distance map is projected onto the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the titania surface. Each cell in the projected image is divided via clustering centered on the local maximum point. The uniformities of the cell distribution, size, and thickness are measured using the angle difference, size difference, and brightness difference between adjacent cells to comprehensively evaluate the quantitative alignment of the titania surface. The proposed method demonstrates the best performance in both cell detection and cell segmentation for SEM images of the titania surface compared with the state-of-the-art methods. The quantitative analysis of the anodic oxide film alignment was verified using color coding, histogram, and quantification of uniformity. +
Based on a long-term field experiment involving 35 tree species, Sun et al. (1) suggest that mycorrhizal types of plants differ in decomposition rates of leaf litter, but not root litter. Although the authors refer to several publications regarding mycorrhizal status of plants and claim to have performed their own...
-Joint Computation Offloading, Power Allocation, and Channel Assignment for 5G-Enabled Traffic Management Systems -[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics - new TOC] +Climate change and tropical cyclone trend +[Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds]
Due to the ever-increasing requirements of delay-sensitive and mission-critical applications in 5G, mobile edge computing is promising to react and support real-time interactive systems. However, it is still challenging to construct a 5G-enabled traffic management system, owing to the qualification of ultra-low latency and ubiquitous connectivity. Furthermore, the computing resources and storage capacities of edge nodes are limited, thus computation offloading is a fundamental issue for real-time traffic management. This paper puts forward a hybrid computation offloading framework for real-time traffic management in 5G networks. Specially, we consider both nonorthogonal-multiple-access-enabled and vehicle-to-vehicle-based traffic offloading. The investigated problem is formulated as a joint task distribution, subchannel assignment, and power allocation problem, with the objective of maximizing the sum offloading rate. After that, we prove its NP-hardness and decompose it into three subproblems, which can be solved iteratively. Performance evaluations illustrate the effectiveness of our framework. +
Nature, Published online: 05 June 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1222-3
Climate change and tropical cyclone trend-Maternal nut consumption during pregnancy linked to improvements in neurodevelopment in children -[EurekAlert! - Breaking News] +Predators affect competitors’ coexistence through fear effects +[Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds]
For the first time links have been observed between a nut-rich maternal diet during the first trimester of pregnancy and better outcomes after birth in cognitive function, attention capacity and long-term working memory. +
Nature, Published online: 05 June 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01712-7
Predators are often thought to structure ecological communities by consuming competitively dominant species, which promotes the coexistence of species. But an alternative mechanism might involve the effects of fear.-Tip sheet: Studies on opioid-prescribing practices -[EurekAlert! - Breaking News] +What scientists can expect when dabbling in science writing +[Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds]
Although opioids play a key role in reducing pain when recovering from surgery, some patients transition to chronic users and become dependent on them. In order to find out what situations result in patients continuing to refill their opioid prescriptions after a surgery, Johns Hopkins researchers scoured a database of more than 900,000 people who had a surgery scheduled and were prescribed opioids for the first time. +
Nature, Published online: 05 June 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01753-y
It can be a difficult career path, but also rewarding and worthwhile, says Brittney G. Borowiec.-'Google Maps' for cancer: Image-based computer model reveals finer details of tumor blood flow -[EurekAlert! - Breaking News] +Reproducibility trial publishes two conclusions for one paper +[Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds]
Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers say they have developed something akin to a 'Google Maps' approach for more accurately computing and visualizing the structural and functional blood vessel changes needed for tumor growth. By pairing high-quality 3D imaging data of tumor specimens from animal models with sophisticated mathematical formulas, the researchers say they now have a model that accurately represents blood traffic inside tumors, including the complex blood flow, oxygenation and structural changes that occur. +
Nature, Published online: 04 June 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01751-0
The British Journal of Anaesthesia’s unusual experiment is designed to broaden replicability efforts beyond just methods and results.-Untangling a cancer signaling network suggests new roadmap to tumor control -[EurekAlert! - Breaking News] +Watching cancer cells evolve through chromosomal instability +[Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds]
In this advanced age of molecular sleuthing, a research team led by Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center have findings that suggest tumors will eventually become resistant to drug inhibitors of a common cancer pathway (dubbed YAP/TAZ), now in preclinical development. But in the same study, published in Developmental Cell, they posit that pairing those inhibitors with another drug, now on the market, may deliver that desired fatal blow. +
Nature, Published online: 03 June 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01709-2
Chromosomal abnormalities are a hallmark of many types of human cancer, but it has been difficult to observe such changes in living cells and to study how they arise. Progress is now being made on this front.Monday, 06 May 2019
-04:00 PM
--The perils of a leader who is too extroverted -[EurekAlert! - Breaking News] +A Conversation with Theda Skocpol +[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Political Science: Table of Contents]
Extroverts are often seen as natural leaders in organizations. But a new study suggests that some leaders may have too much of a good thing. Researchers found that informal leaders were better liked and more sought after for advice when they hit a middle 'sweet spot' on levels of assertiveness and warmth, two facets of extroversion. +
Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 22, Issue 1, Page 1-16, May 2019.
+The Return of the Single-Country Study +[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Political Science: Table of Contents] +
+Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 22, Issue 1, Page 187-203, May 2019.
Sunday, 05 May 2019
-09:02 PM
--What medicine can teach academia about preventing burnout -[Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds] +Political Responses to Economic Shocks +[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Political Science: Table of Contents]
What medicine can teach academia about preventing burnout
What medicine can teach academia about preventing burnout, Published online: 03 May 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01451-9
The medical programmes we see in our training as physician-scientists are becoming more progressive and supportive of students. Here’s what academia can learn from them, say Yoo Jung Kim and Erik Faber.Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 22, Issue 1, Page 277-295, May 2019.
-The mysterious Denisovans have at last come in from the cold -[Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds] +Integrating the Civil–Military Relations Subfield +[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Political Science: Table of Contents]
The mysterious Denisovans have at last come in from the cold
The mysterious Denisovans have at last come in from the cold, Published online: 01 May 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01310-7
Remains found on the Tibetan Plateau suggest a large hominin adapted to high-altitude life.Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 22, Issue 1, Page 379-398, May 2019.
-Synthesis and breakdown of universal metabolic precursors promoted by iron -[Nature - Issue - nature.com science feeds] +Not So Civic: Is There a Difference Between Ethnic and Civic Nationalism? +[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Political Science: Table of Contents]
Synthesis and breakdown of universal metabolic precursors promoted by iron
Synthesis and breakdown of universal metabolic precursors promoted by iron, Published online: 01 May 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1151-1
A chemical reaction network that overlaps with the biological Krebs and glyoxylate cycles arises from pyruvate and glyoxylate in the presence of iron, suggesting how early metabolic pathways might have arisen from CO2.Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 22, Issue 1, Page 419-434, May 2019.
-[Editorial] The erosion of women's sexual and reproductive rights +[Editorial] Plan S: the final cut [The Lancet]
The use of rape as a weapon of war is an unconscionable yet common phenomenon. An annual report from the UN Secretary General last month documents active use of sexual violence in 37 current conflicts, including in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Myanmar, Somalia, South Sudan, and Syria. Sexual violence in conflict, which is mostly perpetrated against women and girls, is horrific and devastating to individuals, but also intended to destroy whole communities. Over history, it has usually been done with impunity and with little attention by the international community. +
A consortium of research funders, Coalition S, has published its revised recommendations for accelerating the transition to open access for scientific publications. The fundamental principles of Plan S remain intact. No scholarly publication should be locked behind a paywall. Open access should be immediate, without embargoes. The preferred Creative Commons licence is CC BY. Funders will support open access fees at reasonable levels. Funders will not pay for publication in hybrid journals, unless they are part of transformative arrangements with clearly defined open access endpoints.
-[Comment] Pembrolizumab for all PD-L1-positive NSCLC +[Correspondence] Health of migrants: simple questions can improve care – Authors' reply [The Lancet]
Before the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibition therapy targeting programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) ligand (PD-L1), either given as single agent or in combination with chemotherapy, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer was uniformly fatal. These drugs have changed the treatment landscape for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Long-term results from studies of single-agent nivolumab1 and pembrolizumab2 have shown disease control in approximately 15% of unselected patients. In the pivotal KEYNOTE-024 study,3 treatment-naive patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer and a PD-L1 tumour proportion score (TPS) of 50% or greater were randomly assigned to receive either pembrolizumab as monotherapy or platinum-doublet chemotherapy. +
We thank Baltica Cabieses for describing the importance of simple innovation in addressing some of the challenges reported in the UCL–Lancet Commission on Migration and Health,b particularly regarding clinical consultations and the operationalisation of care pathways for migrants. The examples cited are consistent with the approach proposed in the Commission report and with the Commission's recommendation about implementing evidence-based health interventions, alongside analysis of effect and effectiveness.
-[Correspondence] Decriminalisation of recreational cannabis in South Africa +[Correspondence] Immigration in Italy: the medical community's role in human rights [The Lancet]
A South African Constitutional Court (ConCourt) ruling in September, 2018, upheld and extended the Western Cape High Court judgment, which found the criminalisation of home use and cultivation of cannabis by adults, as specified in the Drugs Act of 1992 and the Medicines Act of 1965, unconstitutional.1 Deputy Chief Justice Zondo stated that it will not be a criminal offence for an adult to use or be in possession of cannabis in a private place, although the amount a person can be in possession of will need to be decided by parliament. +
Italy has been witnessing a rapid escalation towards racism and xenophobia since the new government came into power in June, 2018. On Nov 27, 2018, the lower house of the Italian Parliament approved the Decree-Law on Immigration and Security, which includes measures that would abolish humanitarian protection status for migrants, block asylum seekers from accessing reception centres focusing on social inclusion, and extend the duration of detention in return centres and hotspots. These measures fundamentally undermine international human rights principles.
-[Articles] Conventional and genetic evidence on alcohol and vascular disease aetiology: a prospective study of 500 000 men and women in China +[Correspondence] Neglect of menarche and menstruation in the USA [The Lancet]
Genetic epidemiology shows that the apparently protective effects of moderate alcohol intake against stroke are largely non-causal. Alcohol consumption uniformly increases blood pressure and stroke risk, and appears in this one study to have little net effect on the risk of myocardial infarction. +
Aaron van Dorn1 recently discussed the America's Children in Brief report and the complexities of child poverty and health care in the USA.2 Although appreciating improvement in some key child health indicators, van Dorn highlighted on-going challenges to improving the health of children growing up in poverty today.
-[Articles] Mapping diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine coverage in Africa, 2000–2016: a spatial and temporal modelling study +[Seminar] Management strategies and future directions for systemic lupus erythematosus in adults [The Lancet]
Despite substantial progress in Africa, marked national and subnational inequalities in DPT coverage persist throughout the continent. These results can help identify areas of low coverage and vaccine delivery system vulnerabilities and can ultimately support more precise targeting of resources to improve vaccine coverage and health outcomes for African children. +
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the loss of self-tolerance and formation of nuclear autoantigens and immune complexes resulting in inflammation of multiple organs. The clinical presentation of SLE is heterogeneous, can involve one or more organs, including the skin, kidneys, joints, and nervous system, and take a chronic or relapsing and remitting disease course. SLE is most common in women and in those of non-white ethnicity. Because of the multitude of presentations, manifestations, and serological abnormalities in patients with SLE, diagnosis can be challenging.
-Squirrel-Cage Rotor Design and Manufacturing for High-Speed Applications -[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics - new TOC] +Analysis of Rolling Shutter Effect on ENF-Based Video Forensics +[IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - new TOC]
A high-speed squirrel-cage induction machine requires a totally different design compared to the traditional squirrel-cage industrial motor because of the mechanical limitations caused by the high speed. This results in a more complicated rotor construction and expensive material selection, and sets higher standards for the manufacturing precision. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the design aspects, material selection, and manufacturing of a squirrel-cage rotor for high-speed applications. In this paper, the rotor dimensioning approach based on equations and data analysis is presented. Rotor material selection and construction topology influence on the electrical machine design are discussed. The results are illustrated with the design of a 6-kW, 120 000-r/min induction machine for a turbo circulator. The influence of rotor parameters on the electromagnetic performance of the designed machine is demonstrated. Mechanical stresses for different topologies are studied with finite-element method analysis. Several manufacturing methods for producing a high-precision rotor are described and compared. The presented rotor design approach, which enables high electromagnetic performance and robust construction, is verified by the testing of a prototype. +
Electric network frequency (ENF) is a time-varying signal of the frequency of mains electricity in a power grid. It continuously fluctuates around a nominal value (50/60 Hz) due to changes in the supply and demand of power over time. Depending on these ENF variations, the luminous intensity of a mains-powered light source also fluctuates. These fluctuations in luminance can be captured by video recordings. Accordingly, the ENF can be estimated from such videos by the analysis of steady content in the video scene. When videos are captured by using a rolling shutter sampling mechanism, as is done mostly with CMOS cameras, there is an idle period between successive frames. Consequently, a number of illumination samples of the scene are effectively lost due to the idle period. These missing samples affect the ENF estimation, in the sense of the frequency shift caused and the power attenuation that results. This paper develops an analytical model for videos captured using a rolling shutter mechanism. This model illustrates how the frequency of the main ENF harmonic varies depending on the idle period length, and how the power of the captured ENF attenuates as idle period increases. Based on this, a novel idle period estimation method for potential use in camera forensics that is able to operate independently of video frame rate is proposed. Finally, a novel time-of-recording verification approach based on the use of multiple ENF components, idle period assumptions, and the interpolation of missing ENF samples is also proposed.
-Cooperative Control of Clutch and Hydraulic Control Unit -[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics - new TOC] +Secret-Key Capacity Regions for Multiple Enrollments With an SRAM-PUF +[IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - new TOC]
In this paper, a cooperative control of clutch and hydraulic control unit is proposed for the hill-start assist control (HAC) based on the autohold system in order to improve safety and ride comfort. The autohold system model is established as a linear system with bounded uncertainty and disturbance. Then, a novel disturbance-observer-based control is adopted based on an integrated feedforward-feedback compensation, of which the stability and robustness are guaranteed by the $H_infty$ control theory. The feedforward compensation is recast to a nonlinear and multiobjective optimization problem with some constraints. Finally, the proposed method is verified by the experiments performed on a standard proving ground, and the main results are also provided. +
We introduce the multiple enrollment scheme for SRAM-physical unclonable functions (PUFs). During each enrollment, the binary power-on values of the SRAM are observed, and a corresponding key and helper data are generated. Each key can later be reconstructed from an additional observation and the helper data. The helper data do not reveal information about the keys to an attacker. It is our goal to use the additional enrollments to consecutively increase the entropy of the generated key material. We analyze two alternative settings. First, we present a regular setting, where each additional key is independent of all previous keys. Second, we introduce a key-replacement setting, where instead of an additional independent key, a new key (of increased length) is generated that replaces the old key. We characterize the capacity regions for both the settings. We show that the total achievable secret-key rate is equal to the mutual information between all enrollment observations and a single (reconstruction) observation. We derive our results based on a statistical model for the SRAM-PUF that has been proposed in the literature. This model implies a permutation symmetry property of the SRAM-PUF which plays a key role in our proofs.
-Health Estimation of Individual Capacitors in a Bank With Reduced Sensor Requirements -[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics - new TOC] +GANobfuscator: Mitigating Information Leakage Under GAN via Differential Privacy +[IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - new TOC]
Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs) are connected in a bank to meet the requirement of capacitance, voltage, and current rating for dc-link of power electronic converters. The performance of capacitor bank deteriorates with time due to the degradation of AECs in the bank. Further, each AEC in the bank degrades differently based on its core temperature, which in turn depends on the current and its equivalent series resistance (ESR). Therefore, health monitoring of a bank would require monitoring of individual AECs in the bank. However, extending the available literature on health monitoring of an AEC to the capacitor bank would require voltage/current sensors for individual AECs. To address the aforementioned issue, this paper suggests a method to assess the health of individual AECs online in the bank without using sensors for each AECs. The proposed method involves estimation of current through each capacitor, which is used to determine the core temperature by using a thermal model of AEC. The core temperature is used for estimation of ESR and capacitance of each capacitor using physics-of-failure based degradation model. For the consistent matching of the degradation model to the actual degradation of the capacitor, the coefficients of the model are sequentially updated. For updating, an algorithm based on extended Kalman filter is used. The proposed scheme is experimentally validated on laboratory prototype of single-phase, grid-connected solar PV inverter under variable load conditions. +
By learning generative models of semantic-rich data distributions from samples, generative adversarial network (GAN) has recently attracted intensive research interests due to its excellent empirical performance as a generative model. The model is used to estimate the underlying distribution of a dataset and randomly generate realistic samples according to their estimated distribution. However, GANs can easily remember training samples due to the high model complexity of deep networks. When GANs are applied to private or sensitive data, the concentration of distribution may divulge some critical information. It consequently requires new technological advances to mitigate the information leakage under GANs. To address this issue, we propose GANobfuscator, a differentially private GAN, which can achieve differential privacy under GANs by adding carefully designed noise to gradients during the learning procedure. With GANobfuscator, analysts are able to generate an unlimited amount of synthetic data for arbitrary analysis tasks without disclosing the privacy of training data. Moreover, we theoretically prove that GANobfuscator can provide strict privacy guarantee with differential privacy. In addition, we develop a gradient-pruning strategy for GANobfuscator to improve the scalability and stability of data training. Through extensive experimental evaluation on benchmark datasets, we demonstrate that GANobfuscator can produce high-quality generated data and retain desirable utility under practical privacy budgets.
-Severity Estimation of Interturn Short Circuit Fault for PMSM -[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics - new TOC] +Reducing Security Risks of Suspicious Data and Codes Through a Novel Dynamic Defense Model +[IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - new TOC]
This paper presents a novel method to estimate the number of shorted turns in a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) following the detection of interturn short-circuit (ITSC) fault and its location. In this proposed method, PMSM is excited through a low sinusoidal voltage at standstill condition to obtain the winding resistance and synchronous inductance by current response. It is shown that the ITSC fault introduces variation in the current response, which can be used to calculate the number of shorted turns under zero fault resistance assumption. Using this practical procedure, the fault severity can be estimated directly in a straight-forward manner. In other words, the severity estimation for a given machine can be done without complex machine modeling or experiments on ITSC prototype with multiple taps. The findings in this paper are essential for a comprehensive solution including fault mitigation algorithms and postfault operations. In order to verify the findings, a three-phase equivalent circuit model supported by finite element analysis results is used to take saturation and space harmonics into account. In addition, experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity and practicability of the severity estimation. +
A remarkable characteristic of the modern operating system is open, which means that we can download data or execute codes from any Internet sources whether they are trusted or not. Therefore, there is a contradict situation when we want to use these data or codes as well as keep the system secured. Despite decades of studies and experiences on this problem, it is still assumed as a great challenge. This paper presents a novel dynamic defense model (DDM) to reduce security risks brought by these suspicious data or codes for the open operating systems. DDM is a high-level security defense abstraction with four key components: dynamic label marking, dynamic label tracking, dynamic label modulating, and run-time controlling. With these components, DDM achieves the full, dynamic, and real-time security protection in the whole life cycle of the operating system. We also practically implemented a prototype system named DDDroid on Android. We constructed a mixed experimental dataset with 30 malware samples and 970 benign applications to test the defense effects of DDDroid. DDDroid detects 97% of the malware samples that have malicious actions and blocks these actions with a negligible false positive on legal actions. We also demonstrated that DDDroid is an effective system, which prevents sensitive data from being leaked by suspicious applications deliberately or by users unintentionally through some sample experiments. What is more, with extensive evaluations, DDDroid is proved to be a system with low-performance overhead and limited memory consumption.
+Detection of Speech Smoothing on Very Short Clips +[IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - new TOC] +
+Audio editing software can easily be used to manipulate digital speech for forgery. Smoothing on the tampered boundary is usually performed to eliminate the obvious traces of forgery after tampering. This presents a considerable challenge for the forensic detection of tampered speech because the smoothing model is unknown and the smoothing operation often modifies only several tens of samples with the editing software. In this paper, we propose to apply six filtering models to approximate the smoothing in audio editing software for training the classifier. We analyze the impact of filtering operations on speech signals, especially on differential signals. On the basis of the local variance of the differential signal, we design a simple and yet efficient feature set. Theoretical analysis and extensive experiments show that the proposed features are very effective in detecting several common filtering operations on very short speech clips. The experimental results also show that the proposed method can detect unknown smoothing performed by commonly used audio editing software, such as Cooledit and Adobe Audition. This highlights the promising potential of the proposed method for use as a forgery localization tool of digital speech signals in practical forensic applications. The proposed method is capable of detecting smoothing on very short speech clips containing only several tens of samples and practical forgery used in audio editing software.
Tuesday, 30 April 2019
-04:00 PM
--Molecular insights into an ancient form of Paget’s disease of bone [Medical Sciences] -[Early Edition] +Single-Phase Simplified Split-Source Inverter (S3I) for Boost DC–AC Power Conversion +[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics - new TOC]
Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) is a chronic skeletal disorder that can affect one or several bones in individuals older than 55 y of age. PDB-like changes have been reported in archaeological remains as old as Roman, although accurate diagnosis and natural history of the disease is lacking. Six skeletons...
+
The single-phase split-source inverter (SSI) is an emerging and attractive topology for a boost dc–ac power conversion system. Such as an inverter features high compactness, although at the expense of high-frequency commutations across the diodes. The corresponding hybrid pulsewidth modulation (PWM) also confines the voltage harmonics to concentrate around the switching frequency and its multiples. This paper proposes a simplified SSI, which is realized by inserting only one power switch into an H-bridge. While generating the ac output, the newly developed PWM strategy ensures the inductor charged with constant duty cycle. When compared to the existing SSIs, it offers the added benefits of reduced switch count, enhanced voltage-boosting gain, reduced output filter requirement, and enhanced power efficiency. Comprehensive steady-state analysis is discussed while simulation and experimental results are subsequently presented to prove the validity of the proposed topology and the PWM strategy.
+Efficiency Optimization and Component Selection for Propulsion Systems of Electric Multicopters +[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics - new TOC] +
+Currently, the time of endurance of electric multicopters is still too short for many mission requirements, and optimizing the efficiency of the propulsion system is considered as an effective way to overcome this problem. This paper proposes a practical method to help designers quickly select the optimal products of the propulsion system to maximize the multicopter efficiency under the desired flight condition. First, the modeling methods for the components of the propulsion system are studied respectively to describe the optimization problem mathematically. Second, methods are proposed to find optimal motor and propeller combination with the maximum thrust efficiency according to the given design requirements. Finally, factors that may affect the hovering time of multicopters are analyzed, and the optimal battery parameters are obtained for maximizing the multicopter endurance. Experiments and simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.
Thursday, 25 April 2019
-04:00 PM
--From Bloch oscillations to many-body localization in clean interacting systems [Physics] -[Early Edition] +A Lightweight Surface Milli-Walker Based on Piezoelectric Actuation +[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics - new TOC]
In this work we demonstrate that nonrandom mechanisms that lead to single-particle localization may also lead to many-body localization, even in the absence of disorder. In particular, we consider interacting spins and fermions in the presence of a linear potential. In the noninteracting limit, these models show the well-known Wannier–Stark...
+
To realize an efficient translation in a narrow space, a surface milli-walker based on linear piezoelectric actuation is proposed, fabricated, and tested in this paper. Operating at the second-order out-of-plane flexural vibration mode, the proposed surface walker is able to realize a linear movement on demand. The surface walker has a weight of 0.135 g with package size of 6 × 2 × 2 mm. Experimental results show that the maximum velocity and drag force of the walker can reach up to 200 mm/s and 10 mN, respectively. The velocity of the walker can be smoothly adjusted over a range of 0.15–200 mm/s. In addition, its startup time is as quick as 6 ms. The milli-walker holds great promises for numerous potential applications in precise instruments.
+Discrete-Time Sliding Mode Control With Disturbance Rejection +[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics - new TOC] +
+In this paper, the problem of sliding mode control for a class of discrete-time system is addressed. A disturbance observer is embedded in the controller to achieve active disturbance rejection. For systems with matched and mismatched disturbances, by Lyapunov stability and $H_{infty }$ approach, the sliding surfaces are derived, and the sliding mode controllers are designed by a modified reaching law approach to actively counteract disturbances. Verification examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed new design schemes.
Wednesday, 24 April 2019
-04:00 PM
--Introduction -[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Nutrition: Table of Contents] +Two-Period Frame Transient Switching Control for Buck Converter Using Coupled-Inductor Auxiliary Circuit +[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics - new TOC]
Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 38, Issue 1, Page v-v, August 2018.
+
In this paper, a two-period frame transient switching control scheme for buck converters using coupled-inductor auxiliary circuit to improve the load dynamic response is proposed. The proposed auxiliary circuit only works during a transient event, while in steady state only the main converter side of the coupled inductor is used with a constant-frequency capacitor-current hysteresis control (CF-CCHC) scheme. The transient event consists of two periods, in the first of which, the coupled inductor is inversely connected in parallel using a logic switching control scheme, so as to reduce the equivalent inductance sharply and achieve a small voltage-deviation transient regulation. In the second transient period, the auxiliary-circuit side inductor works in a freewheeling state and the converter behaves as in an approximate steady state using the CCHC scheme. With three switching actions of the auxiliary circuit, the proposed scheme is implemented using a digital processor and an analog control circuit. With the application of the proposed control scheme to a 24–12 V synchronous buck converter, its feasibility is validated in simulation and experiment. Experimental results demonstrate that the settling time of the proposed scheme, with its coupled coefficient of 0.57, has improved by more than 83% compared to the time-optimal control scheme, and the voltage deviation has improved by more than 77% as well.
-Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Versatile Regulator of Metabolic Homeostasis -[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Nutrition: Table of Contents] +Numerical Reflectance Compensation for Non-Lambertian Photometric Stereo +[IEEE Transactions on Image Processing - new TOC]
Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 38, Issue 1, Page 173-196, August 2018.
+
The surface normal estimation from photometric stereo becomes less reliable when the surface reflectance deviates from the Lambertian assumption. The non-Lambertian effect can be explicitly addressed by physics modeling to the reflectance function, at the cost of introducing highly nonlinear optimization. This paper proposes a numerical compensation scheme that attempts to minimize the angular error to address the non-Lambertian photometric stereo problem. Due to the multifaceted influence in the modeling of non-Lambertian reflectance in photometric stereo, directly minimizing the angular errors of surface normal is a highly complex problem. We introduce an alternating strategy, in which the estimated reflectance can be temporarily regarded as a known variable, to simplify the formulation of angular error. To reduce the impact of inaccurately estimated reflectance in this simplification, we propose a numerical compensation scheme whose compensation weight is formulated to reflect the reliability of estimated reflectance. Finally, the solution for the proposed numerical compensation scheme is efficiently computed by using cosine difference to approximate the angular difference. The experimental results show that our method can significantly improve the performance of the state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic data and real data with small additive costs. Moreover, our method initialized by results from the baseline method (least-square-based) achieves the state-of-the-art performance on both synthetic data and real data with significantly smaller overall computation, i.e., about eight times faster compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
-Mechanisms Underlying Muscle Protein Imbalance Induced by Alcohol -[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Nutrition: Table of Contents] +An ADMM Approach to Masked Signal Decomposition Using Subspace Representation +[IEEE Transactions on Image Processing - new TOC]
Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 38, Issue 1, Page 197-217, August 2018.
+
Signal decomposition is a classical problem in signal processing, which aims to separate an observed signal into two or more components, each with its own property. Usually, each component is described by its own subspace or dictionary. Extensive research has been done for the case where the components are additive, but in real-world applications, the components are often non-additive. For example, an image may consist of a foreground object overlaid on a background, where each pixel either belongs to the foreground or the background. In such a situation, to separate signal components, we need to find a binary mask which shows the location of each component. Therefore, it requires solving a binary optimization problem. Since most of the binary optimization problems are intractable, we relax this problem to the approximated continuous problem and solve it by alternating optimization technique. We show the application of the proposed algorithm for three applications: separation of text from a background in images, separation of moving objects from a background undergoing global camera motion in videos, and separation of sinusoidal and spike components in 1-D signals. We demonstrate in each case that considering the non-additive nature of the problem can lead to a significant improvement.
-Nutritional Regulation of Intestinal Stem Cells -[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Nutrition: Table of Contents] +Base-Anchored Model for Highly Scalable and Accessible Compression of Multiview Imagery +[IEEE Transactions on Image Processing - new TOC]
Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 38, Issue 1, Page 273-301, August 2018.
+
We present a compression scheme for multiview imagery that facilitates high scalability and accessibility of the compressed content. Our scheme relies upon constructing at a single base view, a disparity model for a group of views, and then utilizing this base-anchored model to infer disparity at all views belonging to the group. We employ a hierarchical disparity-compensated inter-view transform where the corresponding analysis and synthesis filters are applied along the geometric flows defined by the base-anchored disparity model. The output of this inter-view transform along with the disparity information is subjected to spatial wavelet transforms and embedded block-based coding. Rate-distortion results reveal superior performance to the x.265 anchor chosen by the JPEG Pleno standards activity for the coding of multiview imagery captured by high-density camera arrays.
-Nutritional Influences on One-Carbon Metabolism: Effects on Arsenic Methylation and Toxicity -[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Nutrition: Table of Contents] +Dynamic Saliency-Aware Regularization for Correlation Filter-Based Object Tracking +[IEEE Transactions on Image Processing - new TOC]
Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 38, Issue 1, Page 401-429, August 2018.
+
With a good balance between tracking accuracy and speed, correlation filter (CF) has become one of the best object tracking frameworks, based on which many successful trackers have been developed. Recently, spatially regularized CF tracking (SRDCF) has been developed to remedy the annoying boundary effects of CF tracking, thus further boosting the tracking performance. However, SRDCF uses a fixed spatial regularization map constructed from a loose bounding box and its performance inevitably degrades when the target or background show significant variations, such as object deformation or occlusion. To address this problem, we propose a new dynamic saliency-aware regularized CF tracking (DSAR-CF) scheme. In DSAR-CF, a simple yet effective energy function, which reflects the object saliency and tracking reliability in the spatial-temporal domain, is defined to guide the online updating of the regularization weight map using an efficient level-set algorithm. Extensive experiments validate that the proposed DSAR-CF leads to better performance in terms of accuracy and speed than the original SRDCF.
12:00 AM
--Attending Patient Funerals—Claiming the Right to Grieve -[JAMA Current Issue] +Hybrid LSTM and Encoder–Decoder Architecture for Detection of Image Forgeries +[IEEE Transactions on Image Processing - new TOC]
In this narrative medicine essay a neurointensivist discusses her evolving understanding of her personal and professional responses to patient deaths, the pressures physicians face not to grieve, and the importance of attending patients’ funerals for bringing closure to relationships with patient families and easing feelings of guilt, sadness, isolation, and denial. +
With advanced image journaling tools, one can easily alter the semantic meaning of an image by exploiting certain manipulation techniques such as copy clone, object splicing, and removal, which mislead the viewers. In contrast, the identification of these manipulations becomes a very challenging task as manipulated regions are not visually apparent. This paper proposes a high-confidence manipulation localization architecture that utilizes resampling features, long short-term memory (LSTM) cells, and an encoder-decoder network to segment out manipulated regions from non-manipulated ones. Resampling features are used to capture artifacts, such as JPEG quality loss, upsampling, downsampling, rotation, and shearing. The proposed network exploits larger receptive fields (spatial maps) and frequency-domain correlation to analyze the discriminative characteristics between the manipulated and non-manipulated regions by incorporating the encoder and LSTM network. Finally, the decoder network learns the mapping from low-resolution feature maps to pixel-wise predictions for image tamper localization. With the predicted mask provided by the final layer (softmax) of the proposed architecture, end-to-end training is performed to learn the network parameters through back-propagation using the ground-truth masks. Furthermore, a large image splicing dataset is introduced to guide the training process. The proposed method is capable of localizing image manipulations at the pixel level with high precision, which is demonstrated through rigorous experimentation on three diverse datasets.
-Effect of an Intimate Partner Violence Intervention on Maternal Quality of Life -[JAMA Current Issue] +A Controllable Untethered Vehicle Driven by Electrically Actuated Liquid Metal Droplets +[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics - new TOC]
This cluster randomized trial compares the effect of a nurse home visitation program augmented by an intimate partner violence (IPV) intervention vs nurse home visitation alone on quality of life 24 months after delivery among first-time mothers experiencing social and economic disadvantage. +
Liquid metal is an interesting metallic material with many unique properties that can be applied in many applications. Liquid metal droplets can be activated by an external electrical field in aqueous environments, which has led to the development of novel actuators. However, a study on the development and control of liquid metal actuating robots is still absent, which hinders their further applications. In this paper, we report the development of a novel controllable untethered vehicle driven by electrically actuated liquid metal droplets in a sodium hydroxide solution. The simplified dynamic model of the vehicle in sodium hydroxide solution was developed. The vehicle's performance, including translational and rotating locomotion with various speeds, was experimentally evaluated. The vehicle driven by liquid metal droplets possesses many advantages such as working silently, almost wear-free motion, and low power consumed, which has great potential to be applied in liquid metal enabled robotics and automation process such as laboratory automation.
-Acupuncture May Reduce Menopausal Symptoms -[JAMA Current Issue] +Fault Detection and Isolation in Industrial Processes Using Deep Learning Approaches +[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics - new TOC]
A brief course of acupuncture may help ease menopausal symptoms and offer a treatment alternative to hormone replacement therapy, suggested a study in BMJ Open. +
Automated fault detection is an important part of a quality control system. It has the potential to increase the overall quality of monitored products and processes. The fault detection of automotive instrument cluster systems in computer-based manufacturing assembly lines is currently limited to simple boundary checking. The analysis of more complex nonlinear signals is performed manually by trained operators, whose knowledge is used to supervise quality checking and manual detection of faults. We present a novel approach for automated Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) based on deep learning. The approach was tested on data generated by computer-based manufacturing systems equipped with local and remote sensing devices. The results show that the approach models the different spatial/temporal patterns found in the data. The approach can successfully diagnose and locate multiple classes of faults under real-time working conditions. The proposed method is shown to outperform other established FDI methods.
-Post Hoc Bayesian Analyses +Parenteral Nutrition [JAMA Current Issue]
To the Editor Dr Goligher and colleagues used a Bayesian approach to reanalyze the negative ECMO [extracorporeal membrane oxygenation] to Rescue Lung Injury in Severe ARDS [acute respiratory distress syndrome] (EOLIA) trial. I believe this reanalysis is an example of confirmation bias and illustrates the common criticisms of Bayesian methodology. +
This JAMA Patient Page describes the use of parenteral nutrition for short-term and long-term health conditions.
-Lowering Cost and Increasing Access to Drugs Without Hurting Innovation +Business Strategies to Promote Health [JAMA Current Issue]
US drug costs have reached unacceptable and unsustainable levels. Evidence shows that “financial toxicity” arising from drug costs and other medical expenses is reducing financial security for many families and prompting difficult choices, as patients defer or forgo therapies they cannot afford. In stark contrast, comparable countries negotiate drug prices and use drugs more effectively. Recent data suggest that other high-income countries have an average life expectancy approximately 3 to 5 years longer than that of the United States, which ranks last among high-income countries and is losing ground compared with peer nations. Although drug prices account for only part of these trends, they nevertheless add to disparities that dominate the trajectories of US health outcomes. +
In Reply Despite Mr Cahan’s assertion, we did not argue that traditional corporate social responsibility is, or should be “integral to profit maximization.” There is widespread recognition that older concepts of corporate social responsibility are not intrinsically linked to a company’s fundamental operations or underlying financial success. Rather, we explicitly highlighted Porter and Kramer’s newer shared-value framework as a potential business lens for consideration. Shared value promotes long-term sustainability strategies, not short-term profit, to frame future efforts regarding business outcomes and societal well-being. Conflating the principles of traditional corporate social responsibility and shared value, as Cahan does, unfortunately misses the fundamental message of our Viewpoint.
Tuesday, 23 April 2019
-04:00 PM
--Modeling and Analysis of Leaky Deception Using Signaling Games With Evidence -[IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - new TOC] +Mortality From Falls Among US Adults Aged 75 Years or Older, 2000-2016 +[JAMA Current Issue]
Deception plays critical roles in economics and technology, especially in emerging interactions in cyberspace. Holistic models of deception are needed in order to analyze interactions and to design mechanisms that improve them. Game theory provides such models. In particular, existing work models deception using signaling games. But signaling games inherently model deception that is undetectable. In this paper, we extend signaling games by including a detector that gives off probabilistic warnings when the sender acts deceptively. Then, we derive pooling and partially separating equilibria of the game. We find that: 1) high quality detectors eliminate some pure-strategy equilibria; 2) detectors with high true-positive rates encourage more honest signaling than detectors with low false-positive rates; 3) receivers obtain optimal outcomes for equal-error-rate detectors; and 4) surprisingly, deceptive senders sometimes benefit from highly accurate deception detectors. We illustrate these results with an application to defensive deception for network security. Our results provide a quantitative and rigorous analysis of the fundamental aspects of detectable deception. +
This study uses National Vital Statistics System data from 2000-2016 to characterize trends in mortality from falls in the US population aged 75 years or older.
-On the Diversity of Conditional Image Synthesis With Semantic Layouts -[IEEE Transactions on Image Processing - new TOC] +Filling in the Evidence About Sunscreen +[JAMA Current Issue]
Many image processing tasks can be formulated as translating images between two image domains such as colorization, super-resolution, and conditional image synthesis. In most of these tasks, an input image may correspond to multiple outputs. However, current existing approaches only show minor stochasticity of the outputs. In this paper, we present a novel approach to synthesize diverse realistic images corresponding to a semantic layout. We introduce a diversity loss objective that maximizes the distance between synthesized image pairs and relates the input noise to the semantic segments in the synthesized images. Thus, our approach can not only produce multiple diverse images but also allow users to manipulate the output images by adjusting the noise manually. The experimental results show that images synthesized by our approach are more diverse than that of the current existing works and equipping our diversity loss does not degrade the reality of the base networks. Moreover, our approach can be applied to unpaired datasets. +
Skin cancer is the most common malignancy in the United States and is estimated to affect more than 3.3 million individuals each year. Photoprotection, including sunscreen use for areas of skin not covered by sun protective clothing or shade, aims to reduce exposure to UV radiation, likely the main risk factor for the development of skin cancer.
-Dynamic Graph Co-Matching for Unsupervised Video-Based Person Re-Identification -[IEEE Transactions on Image Processing - new TOC] +Global Health Spending and Development Assistance for Health +[JAMA Current Issue]
Cross-camera label estimation from a set of unlabeled training data is an extremely important component in the unsupervised person re-identification (re-ID) systems. With the estimated labels, the existing advanced supervised learning methods can be leveraged to learn discriminative re-ID models. In this paper, we utilize the graph matching technique for accurate label estimation due to its advantages in optimal global matching and intra-camera relationship mining. However, the graph structure constructed with non-learned similarity measurement cannot handle the large cross-camera variations, which leads to noisy and inaccurate label outputs. This paper designs a dynamic graph matching (DGM) framework, which improves the label estimation process by iteratively refining the graph structure with better similarity measurement learned from the intermediate estimated labels. In addition, we design a positive re-weighting strategy to refine the intermediate labels, which enhances the robustness against inaccurate matching output and noisy initial training data. To fully utilize the abundant video information and reduce false matchings, a co-matching strategy is further incorporated into the framework. Comprehensive experiments conducted on three video benchmarks demonstrate that DGM outperforms the state-of-the-art unsupervised re-ID methods and yields the competitive performance to fully supervised upper bounds. +
This Viewpoint reviews the global health role of development assistance for health (DAH) and financial or in-kind assistance provided by western countries via international development agencies and foundations to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and proposes best practices to ensure that DAH continues to be a reliable source of support for LMIC health systems and assists them to develop pandemic preparedness.
-Robust Semantic Template Matching Using a Superpixel Region Binary Descriptor -[IEEE Transactions on Image Processing - new TOC] +Policies encouraging healthy eating could greatly cut cancer-related costs +[EurekAlert! - Breaking News]
Almost all conventional template-matching methods employ low-level image features to measure the similarity between a template image and a scene image using similarity measures, such as pixel intensity and pixel gradient. Although these methods have been widely used in many applications, they cannot simultaneously address all types of robustness challenges. In this paper, with the goal of simultaneously addressing the various challenges, we present a robust semantic template-matching (RSTM) approach. Inspired by the local binary descriptor, we propose a novel superpixel region binary descriptor (SRBD) to construct a multilevel semantic fusion feature vector for RSTM. SRBD uses a new kernel-distance-based simple linear iterative clustering method to extract the stable superpixels from the template image. Then, based on the average intensity difference between each superpixel region and its neighbors, the dominant gradient orientation of each superpixel can be obtained, and the semantic features of each superpixel can be described as the dominant orientation difference vector, which is coded as the rotation-invariant SRBD. In the offline matching phase, the fusion semantic feature vector of RSTM combines the multilevel SRBD features with different numbers of superpixels. In the online matching phase, to cope with rotation invariance, a marginal probability model is proposed and applied to locate the positions of template images in the scene image. Moreover, to accelerate computation, an image pyramid is employed. We conduct a series of experiments on a large dataset randomly selected from the MS COCO dataset to fully analyze the robustness of this approach. The experimental results show that RSTM simultaneously addresses rotation changes, scale changes, noise, occlusions, blur, nonlinear illumination changes, and deformation with high time efficiency while also outperforming the previous state-of-the-art template-matching methods. +
The foods we eat can play an important role in preventing cancer. New modeling research presented at Nutrition 2019 shows that policies using taxes or warning labels to encourage healthier eating could reduce the number of people who develop cancer, which would bring significant savings in medical costs.
+Diabetes can be detected in gut of cats +[EurekAlert! - Breaking News] +
+Diabetes patients show reduced gut bacterial diversity, and now researchers from the University of Copenhagen have learned that the same is true of cats. The researchers behind the new study hope to be able to use cats as a model for future studies of the disease.
Sunday, 21 April 2019
-04:00 PM
--Estimating the potential impact of the UK government’s sugar reduction programme on child and adult health: modelling study -[Latest BMJ Research] +Weight-loss patients at higher risk of death from substance use disorders +[EurekAlert! - Breaking News]
The death rate from drug- and alcohol-related causes in people who've had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is nearly triple that of the general public. And fewer than half of those who died had triggered a safety protocol for problematic substance use.
-Structural insights into RNA recognition by the Chikungunya virus nsP2 helicase [Microbiology] -[Early Edition] +More mysterious jars of the dead unearthed in Laos +[EurekAlert! - Breaking News]
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted to humans through mosquitoes and causes Chikungunya fever. Nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2) exhibits the protease and RNA helicase activities that are required for viral RNA replication and transcription. Unlike for the C-terminal protease, the structure of the N-terminal RNA helicase (nsP2h) has not been determined....
+
Archaeologists have discovered 15 new sites in Laos containing more than one hundred 1,000-year-old massive stone jars possibly used for the dead.
-Data gaps and opportunities for comparative and conservation biology [Population Biology] -[Early Edition] +Leopard coral grouper: Overexploited +[EurekAlert! - Breaking News]
Biodiversity loss is a major challenge. Over the past century, the average rate of vertebrate extinction has been about 100-fold higher than the estimated background rate and population declines continue to increase globally. Birth and death rates determine the pace of population increase or decline, thus driving the expansion or...
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Researchers measured the population stock in Saleh Bay, Indonesia of the commercially valuable leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), a species subject to population collapse due to high fishing pressure.
Tuesday, 09 April 2019
+Tuesday, 07 May 2019
04:00 PM
--Efficacy and safety of dual SGLT 1/2 inhibitor sotagliflozin in type 1 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials -[Latest BMJ Research] +Dominant-Modes-Based Sliding-Mode Observer for Estimation of Temperature Distribution in Rapid Thermal Processing System +[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics - new TOC]
A novel method for the estimation of the temperature distribution in a rapid thermal processing (RTP) system is developed in this paper. The proposed method uses a proper orthogonal decomposition algorithm to extract the dominant modes of the temperature distribution and a reduced-order model is obtained. Then, a reduced-order sliding-mode observer is developed to capture the dynamics of the dominant modes. The estimated dynamics of the dominant modes can be used to reconstruct the temperature distribution. It is proved that the estimation error would be drawn into a small boundary rapidly. Test results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed observer for the RTP system.
-Parallel spatial channels converge at a bottleneck in anterior word-selective cortex [Neuroscience] -[Early Edition] +A Two-Way Molecular Communication Assisted by an Impulsive Force +[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics - new TOC]
In most environments, the visual system is confronted with many relevant objects simultaneously. That is especially true during reading. However, behavioral data demonstrate that a serial bottleneck prevents recognition of more than one word at a time. We used fMRI to investigate how parallel spatial channels of visual processing converge...
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In this paper, a new channel model is presented for molecular communications (MC), where a point source emitted by the transmitter undergoes three phases, with effect of convection dominating in the first two phases, whereas diffusion prevailing in the final phase. The point source obtains its initial velocity and passes through the nozzle of the nanomachine transmitter in the first phase, followed by a deceleration process in the second phase. The free diffusion model is considered in the third phase. Based on this channel model, the energy transfer issue for two-way MC system is also taken into account, in which one of the transceivers is assumed to have abundant information molecules from its ambient environment, whereas the other one obtains the information molecules by implementing the simultaneous molecular information and energy transfer (SMIET). Finally, analytical bit error rate (BER) expressions are validated by computer simulations. Our results suggest that the symbol duration and the SMIET order significantly influence the BER performance in our two-way MC system.
Thursday, 04 April 2019
-04:00 PM
--Prevalence of cervical disease at age 20 after immunisation with bivalent HPV vaccine at age 12-13 in Scotland: retrospective population study -[Latest BMJ Research] +Tactile Internet for Smart Communities in 5G: An Insight for NOMA-Based Solutions +[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics - new TOC]
In the last few years, there has been an exponential increase in the deployment of 5G-based test beds across the globe with an aim to reduce the latency for accessing various applications. The integration of generic services such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), critical machine-type communication (cMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) can improve the performance of 5G-based applications. This service heterogeneity can be achieved by network slicing for an optimized resource allocation and an emerging technology, Tactile Internet, to achieve low latency, high bandwidth, service availability, and end-to-end security. In this paper, we discuss the application-specific nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based communication architecture for Tactile Internet which allows nonorthogonal resource sharing from a pool of eMBB, mMTC, cMTC, and URLLC devices to a shared base station. We summarize various variants of NOMA and their suitability for future low latency Tactile-Internet-based applications.
Friday, 29 March 2019
+Tuesday, 30 April 2019
12:00 AM
-Wednesday, 27 March 2019
+Wednesday, 24 April 2019
12:00 AM
-04:00 PM
+-Body mass index and all cause mortality in HUNT and UK Biobank studies: linear and non-linear mendelian randomisation analyses -[Latest BMJ Research] +Introduction +[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Nutrition: Table of Contents]
Saturday, 23 March 2019
-12:00 AM
--Cost-Sensitive Label Propagation for Semi-Supervised Face Recognition -[IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - new TOC] +Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Versatile Regulator of Metabolic Homeostasis +[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Nutrition: Table of Contents]
In real-world applications, different kinds of learning and prediction errors are likely to incur different costs for the same system. Moreover, in practice, the cost label information is often available only for a few training samples. In a semi-supervised setting, label propagation is critical to infer the cost information for unlabeled training data. The existing methods typically conduct label propagation independently ahead of supervised cost-sensitive learning. The precomputed label information is kept fixed, which may become suboptimal in the subsequent learning process and hence degrade the overall system performance. In this paper, we develop a unified cost-sensitive framework for semi-supervised face recognition that can jointly optimize the inferred label information and the classifier in an iterative manner. Our experiments on face benchmark datasets demonstrate that in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods for label propagation and cost-sensitive learning, the proposed approach can significantly improve the overall system performance, especially in terms of classification errors associated with high costs. +
Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 38, Issue 1, Page 173-196, August 2018.
-Exploring Character Shapes for Unsupervised Reconstruction of Strip-Shredded Text Documents -[IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - new TOC] +Personalized Dietary Management of Overweight and Obesity Based on Measures of Insulin and Glucose +[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Nutrition: Table of Contents]
Digital reconstruction of mechanically shredded documents has received increasing attention in the last years mainly for historical and forensics needs. Computational methods to solve this problem are highly desirable in order to mitigate the time-consuming human effort and to preserve document integrity. The reconstruction of strips-shredded documents is accomplished by horizontally splicing pieces so that the arising sequence (solution) is as similar as the original document. In this context, a central issue is the quantification of the fitting between the pieces (strips), which generally involves stating a function that associates a pair of strips to a real value indicating the fitting quality. This problem is also more challenging for text documents, such as business letters or legal documents, since they depict poor color information. The system proposed here addresses this issue by exploring character shapes as visual features for compatibility computation. Experiments conducted with real mechanically shredded documents showed that our approach outperformed in accuracy other popular techniques in the literature considering documents with (almost) only textual content. +
Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 38, Issue 1, Page 245-272, August 2018.
-Privacy-Preserving Cloud-Based Road Condition Monitoring With Source Authentication in VANETs -[IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - new TOC] +Nutritional Regulation of Intestinal Stem Cells +[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Nutrition: Table of Contents]
The connected vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) and cloud computing technology allows entities in VANET to enjoy the advantageous storage and computing services offered by some cloud service provider. However, the advantages do not come free, since their combination brings many new security and privacy requirements for VANET applications. In this paper, we investigate the cloud-based road condition monitoring (RCoM) scenario, where the authority needs to monitor real-time road conditions with the help of a cloud server so that it could make sound responses to emergency cases timely. When some bad road condition is detected, e.g., some geologic hazard or accident happens, vehicles on site are able to report such information to a cloud server engaged by the authority. We focus on addressing three key issues in RCoM. First, the vehicles have to be authorized by some roadside unit before generating a road condition report in the domain and uploading it to the cloud server. Second, to guarantee the privacy against the cloud server, the road condition information should be reported in ciphertext format, which requires that the cloud server should be able to distinguish the reported data from different vehicles in ciphertext format for the same place without compromising their confidentiality. Third, the cloud server and authority should be able to validate the report source, i.e., to check whether the road conditions are reported by legitimate vehicles. To address these issues, we present an efficient RCoM scheme, analyze its efficiency theoretically, and demonstrate the practicality through experiments. +
Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 38, Issue 1, Page 273-301, August 2018.
-Fractional-Pel Accurate Motion-Adaptive Transforms -[IEEE Transactions on Image Processing - new TOC] +Nutritional Influences on One-Carbon Metabolism: Effects on Arsenic Methylation and Toxicity +[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Nutrition: Table of Contents]
Fractional-pel accurate motion is widely used in video coding. For subband coding, fractional-pel accuracy is challenging since it is difficult to handle the complex motion field with temporal transforms. In our previous work, we designed integer accurate motion-adaptive transforms (MAT) which can transform integer accurate motion-connected coefficients. In this paper, we extend the integer MAT to fractional-pel accuracy. The integer MAT allows only one reference coefficient to be the lowband coefficient. In this paper, we design the transform such that it permits multiple references and generates multiple lowband coefficients. In addition, our fractional-pel MAT can incorporate a general interpolation filter into the basis vector, such that the highband coefficient produced by the transform is the same as the prediction error from the interpolation filter. The fractional-pel MAT is always orthonormal. Thus, the energy is preserved by the transform. We compare the proposed fractional-pel MAT, the integer MAT, and the half-pel motion-compensated orthogonal transform (MCOT), while HEVC intra coding is used to encode the temporal subbands. The experimental results show that the proposed fractional-pel MAT outperforms the integer MAT and the half-pel MCOT. The gain achieved by the proposed MAT over the integer MAT can reach up to 1 dB in PSNR. +
Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 38, Issue 1, Page 401-429, August 2018.
Thursday, 11 April 2019
+04:00 PM
+-Correntropy-Induced Robust Low-Rank Hypergraph -[IEEE Transactions on Image Processing - new TOC] +Stress related disorders and risk of cardiovascular disease: population based, sibling controlled cohort study +[Latest BMJ Research]
Hypergraph learning has been widely exploited in various image processing applications, due to its advantages in modeling the high-order information. Its efficacy highly depends on building an informative hypergraph structure to accurately and robustly formulate the underlying data correlation. However, the existing hypergraph learning methods are sensitive to non-Gaussian noise, which hurts the corresponding performance. In this paper, we present a noise-resistant hypergraph learning model, which provides superior robustness against various non-Gaussian noises. In particular, our model adopts low-rank representation to construct a hypergraph, which captures the globally linear data structure as well as preserving the grouping effect of highly correlated data. We further introduce a correntropy-induced local metric to measure the reconstruction errors, which is particularly robust to non-Gaussian noises. Finally, the Frobenious-norm-based regularization is proposed to combine with the low-rank regularizer, which enables our model to regularize the singular values of the coefficient matrix. By such, the non-zero coefficients are selected to generate a hyperedge set as well as the hyperedge weights. We have evaluated the proposed hypergraph model in the tasks of image clustering and semi-supervised image classification. Quantitatively, our scheme significantly enhances the performance of the state-of-the-art hypergraph models on several benchmark data sets. +
12:00 AM
Tuesday, 12 February 2019
04:00 PM
--Cysteine-Based Redox Sensing and Its Role in Signaling by Cyclic Nucleotide–Dependent Kinases in the Cardiovascular System +Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in Health, Exercise, and Aging [Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Physiology: Table of Contents]
Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 81, Issue 1, Page 63-87, February 2019.
+
Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 81, Issue 1, Page 19-41, February 2019.
-Biomarkers of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease +Cysteine-Based Redox Sensing and Its Role in Signaling by Cyclic Nucleotide–Dependent Kinases in the Cardiovascular System [Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Physiology: Table of Contents]
Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 81, Issue 1, Page 309-333, February 2019.
+
Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 81, Issue 1, Page 63-87, February 2019.
-Cellular Metabolism in Lung Health and Disease +Epithelial-Stromal Interactions in Pancreatic Cancer [Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Physiology: Table of Contents]
Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 81, Issue 1, Page 403-428, February 2019.
+
Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 81, Issue 1, Page 211-233, February 2019.
-Regulation of Blood and Lymphatic Vessels by Immune Cells in Tumors and Metastasis +Regulation of Thirst and Vasopressin Release [Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Physiology: Table of Contents]
Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 81, Issue 1, Page 535-560, February 2019.
+
Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 81, Issue 1, Page 359-373, February 2019.
-Steps in Mechanotransduction Pathways that Control Cell Morphology +Regulation of Blood and Lymphatic Vessels by Immune Cells in Tumors and Metastasis [Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Physiology: Table of Contents]
Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 81, Issue 1, Page 585-605, February 2019.
+
Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 81, Issue 1, Page 535-560, February 2019.
04:00 PM
Thursday, 09 August 2018
04:00 PM
--A Conversation with Charles V. Hamilton -[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Political Science: Table of Contents] -
-Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 21, Issue 1, Page 21-27, May 2018.
-
-Political Trust in a Cynical Age -[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Political Science: Table of Contents] -
-Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 21, Issue 1, Page 49-70, May 2018.
-
-Violent Conflict and Political Development Over the Long Run: China Versus Europe -[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Political Science: Table of Contents] -
-Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 21, Issue 1, Page 341-358, May 2018.
-
-Legitimacy in Areas of Limited Statehood -[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Political Science: Table of Contents] -
-Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 21, Issue 1, Page 403-418, May 2018.
-
-Theories of Institutional Corruption -[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Political Science: Table of Contents] +Economics of Child Protection: Maltreatment, Foster Care, and Intimate Partner Violence +[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Economics: Table of Contents]
Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 21, Issue 1, Page 495-513, May 2018.
+
Annual Review of Economics, Volume 10, Issue 1, Page 87-108, August 2018.
-Sorting in the Labor Market +The Consequences of Uncertainty: Climate Sensitivity and Economic Sensitivity to the Climate [Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Economics: Table of Contents]
Annual Review of Economics, Volume 10, Issue 1, Page 1-29, August 2018.
+
Annual Review of Economics, Volume 10, Issue 1, Page 189-205, August 2018.
04:00 PM
-Econometric Methods for Program Evaluation -[Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Economics: Table of Contents] -
-Annual Review of Economics, Volume 10, Issue 1, Page 465-503, August 2018.
-
Progress and Perspectives in the Study of Political Selection @@ -803,13 +752,13 @@
04:00 PM
-Macroeconomic Nowcasting and Forecasting with Big Data +Identification and Extrapolation of Causal Effects with Instrumental Variables [Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Economics: Table of Contents]
Annual Review of Economics, Volume 10, Issue 1, Page 615-643, August 2018.
+
Annual Review of Economics, Volume 10, Issue 1, Page 577-613, August 2018.
04:00 PM
-Transnational Corporations and Global Governance +Consumer Credit in Comparative Perspective [Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Sociology: Table of Contents]
Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 44, Issue 1, Page 145-165, July 2018.
+
Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 44, Issue 1, Page 55-75, July 2018.
04:00 PM
-Poverty in America: New Directions and Debates +Redistributional Policy in Rich Countries: Institutions and Impacts in Nonelderly Households [Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Sociology: Table of Contents]
Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 44, Issue 1, Page 305-318, July 2018.
+
Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 44, Issue 1, Page 441-468, July 2018.
-The Reversal of the Gender Gap in Education and Its Consequences for Family Life +Latin America, a Continent in Movement but Where To? A Review of Social Movements' Studies in the Region [Annual Reviews: Annual Review of Sociology: Table of Contents]
Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 44, Issue 1, Page 341-360, July 2018.
+
Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 44, Issue 1, Page 535-551, July 2018.