diff --git a/packages/electron-trpc/src/main/__tests__/utils.test.ts b/packages/electron-trpc/src/main/__tests__/utils.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e68d6acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/electron-trpc/src/main/__tests__/utils.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { describe, test, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { getTRPCErrorFromUnknown } from '../utils';
+import { TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
+
+describe('getTRPCErrorFromUnknown', () => {
+  test('should return a TRPCError when given a TRPCError', () => {
+    const error = new TRPCError({
+      code: 'TIMEOUT',
+      cause: new Error('test'),
+      message: 'test',
+    });
+    const result = getTRPCErrorFromUnknown(error);
+
+    expect(result).toBe(error);
+  });
+
+  test('should return a TRPCError when given an Error', () => {
+    const error = new Error('test');
+    const result = getTRPCErrorFromUnknown(error);
+
+    expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(TRPCError);
+    expect(result).toMatchObject({
+      code: 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR',
+      cause: error,
+      message: error.message,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('should return a TRPCError when given a string', () => {
+    const error = 'test';
+    const result = getTRPCErrorFromUnknown(error);
+
+    expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(TRPCError);
+    expect(result).toMatchObject({
+      code: 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR',
+      cause: new Error(error),
+      message: error,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('should use the stack from the given error', () => {
+    const error = new Error('test');
+    error.stack = 'test stack';
+    const result = getTRPCErrorFromUnknown(error);
+
+    expect(result.stack).toBe(error.stack);
+  });
+
+  test.each([{ test: 'test' }, undefined, null])(
+    'should fallback to "Unknown error" when given an unknown type',
+    (error: unknown) => {
+      const result = getTRPCErrorFromUnknown(error);
+
+      expect(result).toBeInstanceOf(TRPCError);
+      expect(result).toMatchObject({
+        code: 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR',
+        cause: new Error('Unknown error'),
+        message: 'Unknown error',
+      });
+    }
+  );
+});
diff --git a/packages/electron-trpc/src/main/handleIPCMessage.ts b/packages/electron-trpc/src/main/handleIPCMessage.ts
index d7347b1e..ae708cac 100644
--- a/packages/electron-trpc/src/main/handleIPCMessage.ts
+++ b/packages/electron-trpc/src/main/handleIPCMessage.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ import type { AnyRouter, inferRouterContext } from '@trpc/server';
 import type { TRPCResponseMessage } from '@trpc/server/rpc';
 import type { IpcMainEvent } from 'electron';
 import { isObservable, Unsubscribable } from '@trpc/server/observable';
+import { transformTRPCResponse } from '@trpc/server/shared';
+import { getTRPCErrorFromUnknown } from './utils';
 import { CreateContextOptions } from './types';
-import { getTRPCErrorFromUnknown, transformTRPCResponseItem } from './utils';
 import { ELECTRON_TRPC_CHANNEL } from '../constants';
 import { ETRPCRequest } from '../types';
 
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ export async function handleIPCMessage<TRouter extends AnyRouter>({
 
   const respond = (response: TRPCResponseMessage) => {
     if (event.sender.isDestroyed()) return;
-    event.reply(ELECTRON_TRPC_CHANNEL, transformTRPCResponseItem(router, response));
+    event.reply(ELECTRON_TRPC_CHANNEL, transformTRPCResponse(router, response));
   };
 
   try {
diff --git a/packages/electron-trpc/src/main/utils.ts b/packages/electron-trpc/src/main/utils.ts
index 5bea1221..395c4dff 100644
--- a/packages/electron-trpc/src/main/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/electron-trpc/src/main/utils.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,12 @@
-import { AnyRouter, TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
-import { TRPCResponse, TRPCResponseMessage } from '@trpc/server/rpc';
+import { TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
 
-// from @trpc/server/src/error/utils
+// modified from @trpc/server/src/error/utils
 export function getTRPCErrorFromUnknown(cause: unknown): TRPCError {
-  const error = getErrorFromUnknown(cause);
-  // this should ideally be an `instanceof TRPCError` but for some reason that isn't working
-  // ref https://github.com/trpc/trpc/issues/331
-  if (error.name === 'TRPCError') {
-    return cause as TRPCError;
+  if (cause instanceof TRPCError) {
+    return cause;
   }
 
+  const error = getErrorFromUnknown(cause);
   const trpcError = new TRPCError({
     code: 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR',
     cause: error,
@@ -22,49 +19,15 @@ export function getTRPCErrorFromUnknown(cause: unknown): TRPCError {
   return trpcError;
 }
 
-// from @trpc/server/src/error/utils
+// modified from @trpc/server/src/error/utils
 function getErrorFromUnknown(cause: unknown): Error {
   if (cause instanceof Error) {
     return cause;
   }
-  const message = getMessageFromUnkownError(cause, 'Unknown error');
-  return new Error(message);
-}
-
-// from @trpc/server/src/error/utils
-function getMessageFromUnkownError(err: unknown, fallback: string): string {
-  if (typeof err === 'string') {
-    return err;
-  }
-
-  if (err instanceof Error && typeof err.message === 'string') {
-    return err.message;
-  }
-  return fallback;
-}
-
-// from @trpc/server/src/internals/transformTRPCResonse
-export function transformTRPCResponseItem<TResponseItem extends TRPCResponse | TRPCResponseMessage>(
-  router: AnyRouter,
-  item: TResponseItem
-): TResponseItem {
-  // explicitly use appRouter instead of router argument: https://github.com/trpc/trpc/issues/2804
-  if ('error' in item) {
-    return {
-      ...item,
-      error: router._def._config.transformer.output.serialize(item.error) as unknown,
-    };
-  }
 
-  if ('data' in item.result) {
-    return {
-      ...item,
-      result: {
-        ...item.result,
-        data: router._def._config.transformer.output.serialize(item.result.data) as unknown,
-      },
-    };
+  if (typeof cause === 'string') {
+    return new Error(cause);
   }
 
-  return item;
+  return new Error('Unknown error');
 }