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Kalliope v0.4.4
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| # Create a Raspbian image with already installed Kalliope | ||
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| This documentation aims at explaining how to creta a Raspbian image with pre installed Kalliope. | ||
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| Install a fresh [image of Raspbian](http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian/images/) as usual on your raspberry Pi. | ||
| Once deployed, follow manual steps bellow. | ||
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| >**Note:** From here I suppose that the Rpi has received a valid IP from your LAN DHCP server and can access to the internet. | ||
| ## Prepare the image | ||
| Login to your Rpi. | ||
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| Enable SSH | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo systemctl enable ssh | ||
| sudo systemctl start ssh | ||
| ``` | ||
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| You now have a SSH connection, you can connect remotely to your Pi to perform next steps from a console. | ||
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| >**Note:** The SSH server is listening on the default SSH port with the default Rasbpian credentials. This can be a security issue. | ||
| It is recommended to check that the Rpi is not directly accessible from the internet. | ||
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| Install Kalliope from the script | ||
| ```bash | ||
| curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kalliope-project/kalliope/master/install/rpi_install_kalliope.sh | bash | ||
| ``` | ||
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| If you want to install a particular branch you can specify it with an argument following the syntax bellow | ||
| ``` | ||
| curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kalliope-project/kalliope/master/install/rpi_install_kalliope.sh | bash -s <branch_name> | ||
| ``` | ||
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| E.g | ||
| ```bash | ||
| curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kalliope-project/kalliope/master/install/rpi_install_kalliope.sh | bash -s dev | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Check Kalliope is installed | ||
| ```bash | ||
| kalliope --version | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Cleanup installation files | ||
| ```bash | ||
| rm -rf get-pip.py | ||
| sudo rm -rf kalliope | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Clone some starter kit | ||
| ```bash | ||
| git clone https://github.com/kalliope-project/kalliope_starter_fr.git | ||
| git clone https://github.com/kalliope-project/kalliope_starter_en.git | ||
| git clone https://github.com/kalliope-project/kalliope_starter_de.git | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Change the hostname | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo hostnamectl set-hostname kalliope | ||
| sudo sed -i 's/raspberrypi/kalliope/g' /etc/hosts | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Clear the command line history | ||
| ```bash | ||
| history -c | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Shutdown the Rpi | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo shutdown -h now | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ## Create the image | ||
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| Next commands have been tested on Ubuntu 16.04. | ||
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| In the next part we create an image an shrink it in order to take less storage space. | ||
| >**Note:** Raspbian operating system comes with a tool to resize the filesystem to the largest size the SD card will support (sudo raspi-config, then select Expend Filesystem). You wont lose space by shrinking the image because you can expand it back again. | ||
| >**Note:** Be sure of what you doing in next steps. Writing disk image on the wrong disk will destroy all your computer data. | ||
| Remove the SD card from your Rpi and connect it into a Linux distrib via an external USB card reader. | ||
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| Check where the card is mounted | ||
| ```bash | ||
| df -h | ||
| ``` | ||
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| The output should looks like this | ||
| ```bash | ||
| df -h | ||
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | ||
| --- TRUNCKATED --- | ||
| /dev/sdb2 15G 1.3G 13G 10% /media/nico/f2100b2f-ed84-4647-b5ae-089280112716 | ||
| /dev/sdb1 41M 21M 21M 51% /media/nico/boot | ||
| ``` | ||
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| The SD card is on **/dev/sdb device**. It has two partition, **/dev/sdb1** and **/dev/sdb2**. | ||
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| >**Note:** Your system might mount the card somewhere else depending on the number of disk you already have like /dev/sdc or /dev/sde. | ||
| Note down the path where your SD is. | ||
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| Unmount the two partitions. Keep the SD card in the reader and connected to the system. | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo umount /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Make the image with **dcfldd**. This program is a replacement for the old dd disk utility program that show the progression of a copy. | ||
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| Install the tool | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo apt-get install dcfldd | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Create the image following this syntax. | ||
| ``` | ||
| sudo dcfldd if=<my_sd_card_disk_path> of=<target_path>/kalliope.img | ||
| ``` | ||
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| E.g | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo dcfldd if=/dev/sdb of=kalliope.img | ||
| ``` | ||
| >**Note:** Be sure you have enough space available in the target path | ||
| It will take a couple minutes to create the image depending of the size of your SD card. | ||
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| Once it's done, give the ownership back to your current user. (the image belong to root as we created it with sudo) | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo chown ${USER}:${USER} kalliope.img | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Now we have a file that can already be used to instantiate a Rpi. But the file is big as the SD card itself. | ||
| To reduce the size of the image we need `gparted`. Install it | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo apt-get install gparted | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Gparted is only able to edit physical device, so we need to create a virtual device from the image before using it. | ||
| As we saw when we have identified our disk, Raspbian has two partitions. The fist one, boot, is already tiny and does not need to be shrank. | ||
| The second partition is where everything is stored. It contains a lot of free space. | ||
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| Show partition info from the image | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo fdisk -l kalliope.img | ||
| ``` | ||
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| The output should looks like this | ||
| ``` | ||
| Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type | ||
| kalliope.img1 8192 92159 83968 41M c W95 FAT32 (LBA) | ||
| kalliope.img2 92160 31116287 31024128 14.8G 83 Linux | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Export the START sector of the second partition. The variable will be used in next commands. | ||
| ```bash | ||
| export START=92160 | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Check the env variable is set correctly | ||
| ```bash | ||
| echo ${START} | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Create the virtual drive with only the second patition | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo losetup /dev/loop0 kalliope.img -o $((START*512)) | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Now read the loopback device with gparted | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo gparted /dev/loop0 | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Gparted will show you the state of the partition. Click the `/dev/loop0` partition and select **Resize/Move** from the menu. | ||
| change the value of "New Size" so that it is slighty abose the "Minimum Size". | ||
| Note down the new size! In this example the new size is **2000 MB**. | ||
| Then apply the resizing and exit gparted. | ||
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| Remove the loopback device and create a new one with the whole image this time. | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0 | ||
| sudo losetup /dev/loop0 kalliope.img | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Now, we use **fdisk** to edit the partition table in order to resize it to the new size. | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo fdisk /dev/loop0 | ||
| ``` | ||
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| You should now see the **fdisk** prompt. | ||
| - Enter **d 2** to delete the table entry for the second partition | ||
| - Enter n p 2 to create a new second partition entry | ||
| - Enter the START sector number that you used earlier. | ||
| - Enter `+NEWSIZE` as the new size. Don't forget the "+" at the start. For example `+2000M` | ||
| - Enter w to write the new partition | ||
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| Output example | ||
| ``` | ||
| Command (m for help): d | ||
| Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2 | ||
| Partition 2 has been deleted. | ||
| Command (m for help): n | ||
| Partition type | ||
| p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) | ||
| e extended (container for logical partitions) | ||
| Select (default p): p | ||
| Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 | ||
| First sector (2048-31116287, default 2048): 92160 | ||
| Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (92160-31116287, default 31116287): +2000M | ||
| Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB. | ||
| Command (m for help): w | ||
| The partition table has been altered. | ||
| Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. | ||
| ``` | ||
| Let's take a look to the partition table again | ||
| ``` | ||
| sudo fdisk -l /dev/loop0 | ||
| Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type | ||
| /dev/loop0p1 8192 92159 83968 41M c W95 FAT32 (LBA) | ||
| /dev/loop0p2 92160 4188159 4096000 2G 83 Linux | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Note down the ED sector of the second partition | ||
| ```bash | ||
| export END=4188159 | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Destroy the loopback | ||
| ```bash | ||
| sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0 | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Now, trim the file to the new length. | ||
| ``` | ||
| truncate -s $(((END+1)*512)) kalliope.img | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Check the new size of the image | ||
| ```bash | ||
| du -hs kalliope.img | ||
| 2.0G kalliope.img | ||
| ``` | ||
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| You can now compress it to reduce a little more the size | ||
| ```bash | ||
| zip kalliope.img.zip kalliope.img | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Final size | ||
| ```bash | ||
| du -hs kalliope.img.zip | ||
| 727M kalliope.img.zip | ||
| ``` |
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