diff --git a/kclvm/compiler/src/codegen/llvm/context.rs b/kclvm/compiler/src/codegen/llvm/context.rs
index a493b4a4f..9077b790e 100644
--- a/kclvm/compiler/src/codegen/llvm/context.rs
+++ b/kclvm/compiler/src/codegen/llvm/context.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright 2021 The KCL Authors. All rights reserved.
 
-use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use indexmap::{IndexMap, IndexSet};
 use inkwell::basic_block::BasicBlock;
 use inkwell::builder::Builder;
 use inkwell::context::Context;
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ pub type CompileResult<'a> = Result<BasicValueEnum<'a>, kcl_error::KCLError>;
 pub struct Scope<'ctx> {
     pub variables: RefCell<IndexMap<String, PointerValue<'ctx>>>,
     pub closures: RefCell<IndexMap<String, PointerValue<'ctx>>>,
+    pub arguments: RefCell<IndexSet<String>>,
 }
 
 /// Schema internal order independent computation backtracking meta information.
@@ -957,6 +958,7 @@ impl<'ctx> ProgramCodeGen for LLVMCodeGenContext<'ctx> {
             let scopes = vec![Rc::new(Scope {
                 variables: RefCell::new(IndexMap::default()),
                 closures: RefCell::new(IndexMap::default()),
+                arguments: RefCell::new(IndexSet::default()),
             })];
             pkg_scopes.insert(String::from(pkgpath), scopes);
         }
@@ -1026,6 +1028,7 @@ impl<'ctx> ProgramCodeGen for LLVMCodeGenContext<'ctx> {
         let scope = Rc::new(Scope {
             variables: RefCell::new(IndexMap::default()),
             closures: RefCell::new(IndexMap::default()),
+            arguments: RefCell::new(IndexSet::default()),
         });
         scopes.push(scope);
     }
@@ -1399,6 +1402,18 @@ impl<'ctx> LLVMCodeGenContext<'ctx> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Store the argument named `name` in the current scope.
+    pub(crate) fn store_argument_in_current_scope(&self, name: &str) {
+        // Find argument name in the scope
+        let current_pkgpath = self.current_pkgpath();
+        let mut pkg_scopes = self.pkg_scopes.borrow_mut();
+        let msg = format!("pkgpath {} is not found", current_pkgpath);
+        let scopes = pkg_scopes.get_mut(&current_pkgpath).expect(&msg);
+        let index = scopes.len() - 1;
+        let mut arguments_mut = scopes[index].arguments.borrow_mut();
+        arguments_mut.insert(name.to_string());
+    }
+
     /// Store the variable named `name` with `value` from the current scope, return false when not found
     pub fn store_variable_in_current_scope(&self, name: &str, value: BasicValueEnum<'ctx>) -> bool {
         // Find argument name in the scope
@@ -1465,7 +1480,12 @@ impl<'ctx> LLVMCodeGenContext<'ctx> {
             let variables_mut = scopes[index].variables.borrow_mut();
             match variables_mut.get(&name.to_string()) {
                 // If the local varibale is found, store the new value for the variable.
-                Some(ptr) if index > GLOBAL_LEVEL && !self.local_vars.borrow().contains(name) => {
+                // We cannot update rule/lambda/schema arguments because they are read-only.
+                Some(ptr)
+                    if index > GLOBAL_LEVEL
+                        && !self.local_vars.borrow().contains(name)
+                        && !scopes[index].arguments.borrow().contains(name) =>
+                {
                     self.builder.build_store(*ptr, value);
                     existed = true;
                 }
diff --git a/kclvm/compiler/src/codegen/llvm/node.rs b/kclvm/compiler/src/codegen/llvm/node.rs
index 0b3060222..eb5cb7936 100644
--- a/kclvm/compiler/src/codegen/llvm/node.rs
+++ b/kclvm/compiler/src/codegen/llvm/node.rs
@@ -2585,6 +2585,7 @@ impl<'ctx> LLVMCodeGenContext<'ctx> {
             } else {
                 self.none_value()
             };
+            self.store_argument_in_current_scope(&arg_name.get_name());
             self.walk_identifier_with_ctx(arg_name, &ast::ExprContext::Store, Some(arg_value))
                 .expect(kcl_error::COMPILE_ERROR_MSG);
         }
diff --git a/test/grammar/datatype/dict/mutual_ref_13/main.k b/test/grammar/datatype/dict/mutual_ref_13/main.k
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78443307a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/grammar/datatype/dict/mutual_ref_13/main.k
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+schema Data:
+    id: int = 1
+
+schema Config[data: Data]:
+    spec: {str:} = {
+        internal.data = data.id
+        id = data.id
+    }
+
+Func = lambda data: Data {
+    {
+        internal.data = data.id
+        id = data.id
+    }
+}
+spec = Func(Data())
+config = Config(Data())
diff --git a/test/grammar/datatype/dict/mutual_ref_13/stdout.golden b/test/grammar/datatype/dict/mutual_ref_13/stdout.golden
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b86aa87a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/grammar/datatype/dict/mutual_ref_13/stdout.golden
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+spec:
+  internal:
+    data: 1
+  id: 1
+config:
+  spec:
+    internal:
+      data: 1
+    id: 1