[DataCatalog2.0]: Update `CatalogProtocol`

[ElenaKhaustova]

Description

Related to #4476

After finishing catalog-related breaking changes we need to validate that CatalogProtocol satisfy the minimum functionality required for a custom catalog to operate within our code base.

Context

In the #4609, we decided to repeat all the signatures of KedroDataCatalog. However, we expect some of them to be unnecessary, as some catalog functionality is not mandatory for Kedro run.