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+  
+#summary for AI Mind to ask what something is
+  
+#labels curiosity,generation,HCI,learning,lemma,logic,module,German,ontology,search
+  
+
+  
+WhatAuxSDo WhatAuxSVerb WhoBe 
+  
+
+  
+=== Purpose === 
+  
+
+  
+The WhatBe module serves an obvious purpose and several not-so-obvious purposes. Obviously, the module serves to ask a simple question like, "What is truth?", but WhatBe also plays a role in machine learning, logical reasoning with InFerence, and in demonstrating an AI in such settings as schools and museums. 
+  
+
+  
+=== Learning === 
+  
+
+  
+When the AI has a subject in mind but knows nothing about that subject, WhatBe steps forward to ask human users what the subject is, if the subject is singular. If the subject is plural, the AI will instead call WhatAuxSDo to ask, "What do the subjects do?" This difference in triggering the two types of question is intentional on the part of the mind-designer. When we ask what a singular subject "is" -- as opposed to what it "does" -- we hope to learn what kind of thing the subject is and how we can categorize it in the grand scheme of things, or the OntoLogy of beings in existence. When we ask instead what subjects do in the plural, we are asking for information generally true of a particular class or category of subjects. As the AI learns more and more general attributes of ontological categories, the AI becomes better able to make a logical InFerence about any new single subject belonging to the class or category. 
+  
+
+  
+=== Inference === 
+  
+
+  
+If the AI Mind uses WhatBe to ask something like, "What is an eagle?" and the AI already knowns that birds have wings, a human being might answer that "An eagle is a bird" and give the AI the opportunity to make an InFerence indicated by AskUser putting the question, "Does an eagle have wings?" 
+  
+
+  
+=== Code from English MindForth Robot AI === 
+  
+
+  
+{{{
+  
+:  WhatBe ( what AM/IS/ARE Subjects ) \ 10oct2011
+  
+  1 moot !  \ prevent storage of spurious ideas; 24oct2011
+  
+  0 tqv !  \ prevent spurious carry-over values;  1aug2012
+  
+  qusub @ 0 = IF  \ for a new word like "energy"; 8aug2012
+  
+    subjnum @ 0 = IF  \ in absence of num(ber) data; 8aug2012
+  
+      3 prsn !  \ to say "IS"; 8aug2012
+  
+    THEN  \ end of test for "qusub"; 8aug2012
+  
+  THEN  \ end of test for "subjnum"; 8aug2012
+  
+  topic @ qusub ! \ THEN  \ 2nd choice; 10oct2011
+  
+  qusub @ 701 = IF 1 prsn ! THEN  \ 1st person "I"; 10nov2012
+  
+  qusub @ 707 = IF 2 prsn ! THEN  \ 2nd person YOU; 10nov2012
+  
+  midway @  t @  DO
+  
+    I       0 en{ @ 781 = IF  \ 781=WHAT;  10nov2012
+  
+      I     8 en{ @  aud !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+      LEAVE
+  
+    THEN
+  
+  -1 +LOOP
+  
+  SpeechAct
+  
+  fyi @ 2 > IF CR
+  
+    ."   from WhatBe after speaking of WHAT, "  \ 25feb2011
+  
+    ." psiDamping concept #781"
+  
+  THEN
+  
+  8773 caller !  \ ASCII 87=W 73=I; test; 26sep2010
+  
+  781 urpsi !  \ 781=WHAT for PsiDamp; 10nov2012
+  
+  PsiDamp
+  
+  0 caller !
+  
+  subjnum @ 2 <  topicnum @ 2 < OR IF  \ not plural? 4nov2011
+  
+    prsn @ 1 = IF  \ 1st person singular; 21aug2011
+  
+      midway @  t @  DO   \ 21aug2011
+  
+        I       0 en{ @ 800 = IF  \ 800=BE; 10nov2012
+  
+          I     2 en{ @ 1 = IF  \ singular?; 10nov2012
+  
+            I   4 en{ @ 1 = IF  \ 1st person?; 10nov2012
+  
+              I     8 en{ @  aud !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+              1 topicnum !  \ If "AM" prevent "ARE"; 26jul2012
+  
+              LEAVE  \ 21aug2011
+  
+            THEN  \ end of test for first person; 10nov2012
+  
+          THEN  \ end of test for singular; 10nov2012
+  
+        THEN     \ 21aug2011
+  
+      -1 +LOOP   \ 21aug2011
+  
+      SpeechAct  \ 21aug2011
+  
+    THEN  \ end of test for first person singular; 21aug2011
+  
+    prsn @ 3 = IF  \ 3rd person singular; 19sep2010
+  
+      midway @  t @  DO
+  
+        I       0 en{ @ 800 = IF  \ 800=BE; 10nov2012
+  
+          I     2 en{ @ 1 = IF    \ singular? 10nov2012
+  
+            I   4 en{ @ 3 = IF    \ 3rd pers? 26dec2012
+  
+              I     8 en{ @  aud !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+              1 topicnum !  \ If "IS" prevent "ARE" 21jul2012
+  
+              1 indefmust !  \ to say "IS A"; 20oct2011
+  
+              LEAVE
+  
+            THEN  \ end of test for 3rd person; 10nov2012
+  
+          THEN  \ end of test for singualr; 10nov2012
+  
+        THEN  ( http://isforth.com )
+  
+      -1 +LOOP
+  
+      SpeechAct
+  
+      fyi @ 2 > IF CR
+  
+      ."   from WhatBe after speaking of IS, " \ 25feb2011
+  
+      ." psiDamping concept #800"
+  
+      THEN
+  
+      8773 caller !  \ ASCII 87=W 73=I; test; 26sep2010
+  
+      800 urpsi !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+      PsiDamp
+  
+      0 caller !
+  
+      0 motjuste !
+  
+    THEN  \ end of test for 3rd person singular; 19sep2010
+  
+  THEN
+  
+  topicnum @ 2 =  prsn @ 2 =  OR IF  \ test; 19sep2010
+  
+    midway @  t @  DO
+  
+      I       0 en{ @ 800 = IF  \ 800=BE; 10nov2012
+  
+        I     2 en{ @ 2 = IF  \ plural? 10nov2012
+  
+          I     8 en{ @  aud !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+          LEAVE
+  
+        THEN  \ end of test for plural "ARE"; 10nov2012
+  
+      THEN  \ end of test for be-verb
+  
+    -1 +LOOP
+  
+    SpeechAct
+  
+    fyi @ 2 > IF CR
+  
+      ."   from WhatBe after speaking of ARE, " \ 25feb2011
+  
+      ." psiDamping concept #800"
+  
+    THEN
+  
+    8773 caller !  \ ASCII 87=W 73=I; test; 26sep2010
+  
+    800 urpsi !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+    PsiDamp
+  
+    0 caller !  \ test; 26sep2010
+  
+    0 motjuste !
+  
+    0 subjpsi !  \ reset for safety' 17oct2011
+  
+    0 topicnum !
+  
+  THEN
+  
+  topicnum @ 2 = NOT IF  \ if singular; 21jun2011
+  
+    prsn @ 3 = IF  \ 3rd person singular; 21jun2011
+  
+      topicnum @ 1 = IF  \ not zero; 4nov2011
+  
+        EnArticle  \ chance for "A" or "THE"; 21jun2011
+  
+      THEN  \ end of test for 1=singular; 4nov2011
+  
+    THEN   \ end of test for 3rd person; 21jun2011
+  
+  THEN   \ end of test for singular; 21jun2011
+  
+  midway @  t @  DO
+  
+    I       0 en{ @  qusub @ = IF  \ 10oct2011
+  
+      I     4 en{ @  1 = IF  \ nominative?  1jan2013
+  
+        I   8 en{ @ aud !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+        LEAVE
+  
+      THEN  \ end of test for dba=1 nominative; 1jan2013
+  
+    THEN
+  
+  -1 +LOOP
+  
+  motjuste @ urpsi !
+  
+  8773 caller !  \ ASCII 87=W 73=I; test; 26sep2010
+  
+  PsiDamp
+  
+  0 caller !  \ test; 26sep2010
+  
+  aud @ 0 > IF  \ avoid #zero ERROR; \ 19sep2010
+  
+    SpeechAct
+  
+  THEN  \ end of test to avoid ERROR; 19sep2010
+  
+  0 cogpsi !  \ let another new word call WhatBe; 17oct2011
+  
+  0 indefmust !  \ reset for safety; 20oct2011
+  
+  0 moot !  \ resume associative tagging; 24oct2011
+  
+  0 qusub !  \ zero out for safety; 10oct2011
+  
+  0 subjpsi !  \ reset for safety; 17oct2011
+  
+  0 topic !  \ reset for safety; 18oct2011
+  
+  0 whoflag !  \ Prevent EnArticle; 6oct2011
+  
+; ( http://code.google.com/p/mindforth )
+  
+}}}
+  
+
+  
+=== Code from German Wotan Supercomputer AI === 
+  
+
+  
+{{{
+  
+:  WhatBe ( WAS IST/SIND und so weiter ) \ 8mar2012
+  
+  1 moot !  \ prevent storage of spurious ideas; 24oct2011
+  
+  0 tqv !  \ prevent spurious carry-over values;  1aug2012
+  
+  qusub @ 0 = IF  \ for a new word like "energy"; 8aug2012
+  
+    subjnum @ 0 = IF  \ in absence of num(ber) data; 8aug2012
+  
+      3 prsn !  \ to say "IST" (is); 6mar2013
+  
+    THEN  \ end of test for "qusub"; 8aug2012
+  
+  THEN  \ end of test for "subjnum"; 8aug2012
+  
+  topic @ qusub ! \ THEN  \ 2nd choice; 10oct2011
+  
+  qusub @ 701 = IF 1 prsn ! THEN  \ 1st person ICH  6mar2012
+  
+  qusub @ 707 = IF 2 prsn ! THEN  \ 2nd person DU;  6mar2013
+  
+  midway @  t @  DO
+  
+    I       0 de{ @ 781 = IF  \ 781=WAS (what); 18nov2012
+  
+      I     8 de{ @  aud !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+      LEAVE  \ one instance is enough;  6mar2013
+  
+    THEN
+  
+  -1 +LOOP
+  
+  SpeechAct  \ say the word "WAS" (what);  6mar2013
+  
+  fyi @ 2 > IF CR
+  
+    ."   from WhatBe after speaking of WAS, "  \  6mar2012
+  
+    ." psiDamping concept #781"
+  
+  THEN
+  
+  8773 caller !  \ ASCII 87=W 73=I; test; 26sep2010
+  
+  781 urpsi !  \ 781=WAS (what) for PsiDamp;  6mar2013
+  
+  PsiDamp
+  
+  0 caller !
+  
+  subjnum @ 2 <  topicnum @ 2 < OR IF  \ not plural? 4nov2011
+  
+   prsn @ 1 = IF  \ 1st person singular; 21aug2011
+  
+    midway @  t @  DO   \ 21aug2011
+  
+      I       0 de{ @ 800 = IF  \ 800=SEIN (be);  6mar2013
+  
+        I     2 de{ @ 1 = IF  \ singular?; 10nov2012
+  
+          I   4 de{ @ 1 = IF  \ 1st person?; 10nov2012
+  
+            I     8 de{ @  aud !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+            1 topicnum !  \ If "AM" prevent "ARE"; 26jul2012
+  
+            LEAVE  \ 21aug2011
+  
+          THEN  \ end of test for first person; 10nov2012
+  
+        THEN  \ end of test for singular; 10nov2012
+  
+      THEN     \ 21aug2011
+  
+    -1 +LOOP   \ 21aug2011
+  
+    SpeechAct  \ 21aug2011
+  
+   THEN  \ end of test for first person singular; 21aug2011
+  
+   prsn @ 2 = IF  \ 2nd person singular? 23nov2012
+  
+    midway @  t @  DO   \ 23nov2012
+  
+      I       0 de{ @ 800 = IF  \ 800=SEIN (be);  6mar2013
+  
+        I     2 de{ @ 1 = IF  \ singular?; 23nov2012
+  
+          I   4 de{ @ 2 = IF  \ 2nd person?; 23nov2012
+  
+            I     8 de{ @  aud !  \ 23nov2012
+  
+            LEAVE  \ one engram is enough; 23nov2012
+  
+          THEN  \ end of test for 2nd person; 23nov2012
+  
+        THEN  \ end of test for singular; 23nov2012
+  
+      THEN  \ end of test for 800=SEIN (be); 23nov2012
+  
+    -1 +LOOP   \ end of loop; 23nov2012
+  
+    SpeechAct  \ speak the be-verb; 23nov2012
+  
+   THEN  \ end of test for 2nd person singular; 23nov2012
+  
+   prsn @ 3 = IF  \ 3rd person singular; 19sep2010
+  
+    midway @  t @  DO
+  
+      I       0 de{ @ 800 = IF  \ 800=SEIN (be); 6mar2013
+  
+        I     2 de{ @ 1 = IF    \ singular? 10nov2012
+  
+          I   4 de{ @ 3 = IF    \ 3rd pers? 23nov2012
+  
+            I     8 de{ @  aud !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+         \  1 topicnum !  \ If "IS" prevent "ARE"; 21jul2012
+  
+            1 indefmust !  \ to say "IST EIN" ("is a")
+  
+            LEAVE
+  
+          THEN  \ end of test for 3rd person; 10nov2012
+  
+        THEN  \ end of test for singular; 10nov2012
+  
+      THEN
+  
+    -1 +LOOP
+  
+    SpeechAct  \ say "IST" ("is");  6mar2013
+  
+    fyi @ 2 > IF CR
+  
+      ."   from WhatBe after speaking of IST, " \ 6mar2013
+  
+      ." psiDamping concept #800"
+  
+    THEN
+  
+    8773 caller !  \ ASCII 87=W 73=I; test; 26sep2010
+  
+    800 urpsi !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+    PsiDamp
+  
+    0 caller !
+  
+    0 motjuste !
+  
+   THEN  \ end of test for 3rd person singular; 19sep2010
+  
+  THEN
+  
+\ topicnum @ 2 =  prsn @ 2 =  OR IF  \ test; 19sep2010
+  
+  topicnum @ 2 =  IF  \ plural? 23nov2012
+  
+    midway @  t @  DO
+  
+      I       0 de{ @ 800 = IF  \ 800=SEIN ("be"); 6mar2013
+  
+        I     2 de{ @ 2 = IF  \ plural? 10nov2012
+  
+          I   4 de{ @ prsn @ = IF  \ 23nov2012
+  
+            I 8 de{ @  aud !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+            LEAVE
+  
+          THEN  \ end of person-test; 23nov2012
+  
+        THEN  \ end of test for plural; 23nov2012
+  
+      THEN  \ end of test for be-verb
+  
+    -1 +LOOP
+  
+    SpeechAct
+  
+    fyi @ 2 > IF CR
+  
+      ."   from WhatBe after speaking of ARE, " \ 25feb2011
+  
+      ." psiDamping concept #800"
+  
+    THEN
+  
+    8773 caller !  \ ASCII 87=W 73=I; test; 26sep2010
+  
+    800 urpsi !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+    PsiDamp
+  
+    0 caller !  \ test; 26sep2010
+  
+    0 motjuste !
+  
+    0 subjpsi !  \ reset for safety' 17oct2011
+  
+    0 topicnum !
+  
+  THEN
+  
+  topicnum @ 2 = NOT IF  \ if singular; 21jun2011
+  
+    prsn @ 3 = IF  \ 3rd person singular; 21jun2011
+  
+     topicnum @ 1 = IF  \ not zero; 4nov2011
+  
+      DeArticle  \ chance for EIN or "DER"; 17nov2012
+  
+     THEN  \ end of test for 1=singular; 4nov2011
+  
+    THEN   \ end of test for 3rd person; 21jun2011
+  
+  THEN   \ end of test for singular; 21jun2011
+  
+  midway @  t @  DO
+  
+    I       0 de{ @  qusub @ = IF  \ 10oct2011
+  
+      I     8 de{ @ aud !  \ 10nov2012
+  
+      LEAVE
+  
+    THEN
+  
+  -1 +LOOP
+  
+  motjuste @ urpsi !
+  
+  8773 caller !  \ ASCII 87=W 73=I; test; 26sep2010
+  
+  PsiDamp
+  
+  0 caller !  \ test; 26sep2010
+  
+  aud @ 0 > IF  \ avoid #zero ERROR; \ 19sep2010
+  
+    SpeechAct
+  
+  THEN  \ end of test to avoid ERROR; 19sep2010
+  
+  0 cogpsi !  \ let another new word call WhatBe; 17oct2011
+  
+  0 indefmust !  \ reset for safety; 20oct2011
+  
+  0 moot !  \ resume associative tagging; 24oct2011
+  
+  0 qusub !  \ zero out for safety; 10oct2011
+  
+  0 subjpsi !  \ reset for safety; 17oct2011
+  
+  0 topic !  \ reset for safety; 18oct2011
+  
+  0 whoflag !  \ Prevent DeArticle; 17nov2012
+  
+; ( http://code.google.com/p/mindforth )
+  
+}}}
+  
+
+  
+=== Function === 
+  
+
+  
+The WhatBe module functions by receiving one ParaMeter after another from a calling module, such as VerbPhrase or DeCog. The parameters are used to ask the what-be question properly in the natural language of the AI, which could be English or German or Russian. 
+  
+
+  
+=== DeBug === 
+  
+
+  
+Typical Forth code for DeBug includes: 
+  
+
+  
+{{{
+  
+:  WhatBe ( what AM/IS/ARE Subjects ) \ 10oct2011
+  
+  1 moot !  \ prevent storage of spurious ideas; 24oct2011
+  
+\ CR ." WhatBe: topic qusub subjnum nphrnum cognum = " \ 22oct2011
+  
+\ topic @ . qusub @ .  subjnum @ . nphrnum @ . cognum @ . \ 22oct
+  
+\ subjpsi @ 0 > IF subjpsi @ qusub ! THEN  \ 1st choice; 10oct2011
+  
+\ qusub @ 0 = IF  \ if still no qusub, try "topic"; 10oct2011
+  
+  \  topic @ 0 > IF
+  
+  topic @ qusub ! \ THEN  \ 2nd choice; 10oct2011
+  
+\ THEN  \  end of test for unfilled "qusub"; 10oct2011
+  
+  subjpsi @ 50 = IF 1 prsn ! THEN  \ 1st person "I"; 10oct2011
+  
+  subjpsi @ 56 = IF 2 prsn ! THEN  \ 2nd person YOU; 19sep2010
+  
+}}}
+  
+
+  
+Typical JavaScript code for DeBug includes: 
+  
+
+  
+{{{
+  
+function WhatBe() {  // what AM/IS/ARE Subjects; 18oct2011
+  
+  moot = 1;  // prevent storage of spurious ideas; 24oct2011
+  
+  qusub = topic;  // 18oct2011
+  
+
+  
+   alert("WhatBe: qusub subjnum cognum = "+qusub+" "+subjnum+" "+cognum); 
+  
+// 27oct2011
+  
+
+  
+  for (i = t; i>midway; i--) {  // 19jun2011
+  
+    enLexicon[i].enExam();  // 19jun2011
+  
+    if (en0 == 54) {  // 54=WHAT  5jul2011
+  
+    aud = en7; // 19jun2011
+  
+    break;  // 19jun2011
+  
+    }  // 19jun2011
+  
+  }  // end of search loop; 19jun2011
+  
+  SpeechAct();  // 19jun2011
+  
+}}}
+  
+
+  
+=== Person === 
+  
+
+  
+A false value for the "prsn" variable may be carried over into WhatBe, tripping a test that causes the module to say "WHAT AM" instead of "WHAT IS" or "WHAT ARE". Some new experimental code tests for the lack of positive "num(ber)" values and sets "prsn" to a DeFault value of "3" for third person, so that WhatBe will tend to say "WHAT IS" instead of "WHAT AM" for a word like "energy". 
+  
+
+  
+=== Extension === 
+  
+
+  
+AI coders may embrace and extend the WhatBe mind-module by giving it the ability to search the Internet for answers above and beyond the knowledge of specific human users.