diff --git a/changelog/fix_a_false_positive_for_style_double_negation.md b/changelog/fix_a_false_positive_for_style_double_negation.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6a81166fa92a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/fix_a_false_positive_for_style_double_negation.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#10518](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/pull/10518): Fix a false positive for `Style/DoubleNegation` when inside returned conditional clauses with Ruby 2.7's pattern matching. ([@koic][])
diff --git a/rubocop.gemspec b/rubocop.gemspec
index 2d0df5c854b4..a0aae198cd47 100644
--- a/rubocop.gemspec
+++ b/rubocop.gemspec
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |s|
   s.add_runtime_dependency('rainbow', '>= 2.2.2', '< 4.0')
   s.add_runtime_dependency('regexp_parser', '>= 1.8', '< 3.0')
   s.add_runtime_dependency('rexml')
-  s.add_runtime_dependency('rubocop-ast', '>= 1.16.0', '< 2.0')
+  s.add_runtime_dependency('rubocop-ast', '>= 1.17.0', '< 2.0')
   s.add_runtime_dependency('ruby-progressbar', '~> 1.7')
   s.add_runtime_dependency('unicode-display_width', '>= 1.4.0', '< 3.0')
 
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/double_negation_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/double_negation_spec.rb
index 4a1ddaed946a..149ff602eef0 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/double_negation_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/double_negation_spec.rb
@@ -291,6 +291,48 @@ def foo?
       RUBY
     end
 
+    # rubocop:disable RSpec/RepeatedExampleGroupDescription
+    context 'Ruby >= 2.7', :ruby27 do
+      # rubocop:enable RSpec/RepeatedExampleGroupDescription
+      it 'registers an offense and corrects for `!!` when not return location' \
+         'and using `case`, `in`, and `else`' do
+        expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+          def foo?
+            case pattern
+            in foo
+              !!foo
+              ^ Avoid the use of double negation (`!!`).
+              do_something
+            in bar
+              !!bar
+              ^ Avoid the use of double negation (`!!`).
+              do_something
+            else
+              !!baz
+              ^ Avoid the use of double negation (`!!`).
+              do_something
+            end
+          end
+        RUBY
+
+        expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+          def foo?
+            case pattern
+            in foo
+              !foo.nil?
+              do_something
+            in bar
+              !bar.nil?
+              do_something
+            else
+              !baz.nil?
+              do_something
+            end
+          end
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
+
     it 'does not register an offense for `!!` when return location' do
       expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
         def foo?
@@ -544,6 +586,39 @@ def foo?
         end
       RUBY
     end
+
+    # rubocop:disable RSpec/RepeatedExampleGroupDescription
+    context 'Ruby >= 2.7', :ruby27 do
+      # rubocop:enable RSpec/RepeatedExampleGroupDescription
+      it 'does not register an offense for `!!` when return location and using `case`, `in`, and `else`' do
+        expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+          def foo?
+            case condition
+            in foo
+              !!foo
+            in bar
+              !!bar
+            else
+              !!baz
+            end
+          end
+
+          def bar?
+            case condition
+            in foo
+              do_something
+              !!foo
+            in bar
+              do_something
+              !!bar
+            else
+              do_something
+              !!baz
+            end
+          end
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   context 'when `EnforcedStyle: forbidden`' do