diff --git a/changelog/fix_an_incorrect_autocorrect_for_lint_empty_conditional_body.md b/changelog/fix_an_incorrect_autocorrect_for_lint_empty_conditional_body.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3020445682d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/fix_an_incorrect_autocorrect_for_lint_empty_conditional_body.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#12668](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/issues/12668): Fix an incorrect autocorrect for `Lint/EmptyConditionalBody` when missing `if` body with conditional `else` body. ([@koic][])
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/empty_conditional_body.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/empty_conditional_body.rb
index 97a7ca078576..39135a59e56a 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/empty_conditional_body.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/lint/empty_conditional_body.rb
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def remove_empty_branch(corrector, node)
         def correct_other_branches(corrector, node)
           return unless require_other_branches_correction?(node)
 
-          if node.else_branch&.if_type?
+          if node.else_branch&.if_type? && !node.else_branch.modifier_form?
             # Replace an orphaned `elsif` with `if`
             corrector.replace(node.else_branch.loc.keyword, 'if')
           else
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/empty_conditional_body_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/empty_conditional_body_spec.rb
index 774b182d8a80..12e5c7bd943c 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/empty_conditional_body_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/lint/empty_conditional_body_spec.rb
@@ -208,6 +208,38 @@ class Foo
     RUBY
   end
 
+  it 'registers an offense for missing `if` body with conditional `else` body' do
+    expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+      if condition
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Avoid `if` branches without a body.
+      else
+        do_something if x
+      end
+    RUBY
+
+    expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+      unless condition
+        do_something if x
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  it 'registers an offense for missing `unless` body with conditional `else` body' do
+    expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+      unless condition
+      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Avoid `unless` branches without a body.
+      else
+        do_something if x
+      end
+    RUBY
+
+    expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+      if condition
+        do_something if x
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
   it 'registers an offense for missing `unless` and `else` body' do
     expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
       unless condition