diff --git a/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/BUILD.bazel b/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/BUILD.bazel
index 845b6a8d97766..727ecf84559a3 100644
--- a/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/BUILD.bazel
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ go_test(
         "docker_test.go",
         "networking_test.go",
         "new_cluster_test.go",
-        "populatecluster_test.go",
-        "populateinstancegroup_test.go",
+        "populate_cluster_spec_test.go",
+        "populate_instancegroup_spec_test.go",
         "subnets_test.go",
         "template_functions_test.go",
         "urls_test.go",
diff --git a/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/awsup/mock_aws_cloud.go b/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/awsup/mock_aws_cloud.go
index 6e6f0a4ea79a6..b8fff89126550 100644
--- a/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/awsup/mock_aws_cloud.go
+++ b/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/awsup/mock_aws_cloud.go
@@ -327,16 +327,23 @@ func (c *MockAWSCloud) DescribeInstanceType(instanceType string) (*ec2.InstanceT
 	}
 
 	switch instanceType {
-	case "c5.large", "m3.medium", "m4.large", "m5.large", "m5.xlarge", "t2.micro", "t2.medium", "t3.medium", "t3.large", "c4.large":
+	case "c5.large", "m3.medium", "m4.large", "m5.large", "m5.xlarge", "t3.micro", "t3.medium", "t3.large", "c4.large":
 		info.ProcessorInfo = &ec2.ProcessorInfo{
 			SupportedArchitectures: []*string{
-				aws.String("x86_64"),
+				aws.String(ec2.ArchitectureTypeX8664),
 			},
 		}
 	case "a1.large":
 		info.ProcessorInfo = &ec2.ProcessorInfo{
 			SupportedArchitectures: []*string{
-				aws.String("arm64"),
+				aws.String(ec2.ArchitectureTypeArm64),
+			},
+		}
+	case "t2.micro", "t2.medium":
+		info.ProcessorInfo = &ec2.ProcessorInfo{
+			SupportedArchitectures: []*string{
+				aws.String(ec2.ArchitectureTypeI386),
+				aws.String(ec2.ArchitectureTypeX8664),
 			},
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populatecluster_test.go b/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populate_cluster_spec_test.go
similarity index 100%
rename from upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populatecluster_test.go
rename to upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populate_cluster_spec_test.go
diff --git a/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populate_instancegroup_spec.go b/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populate_instancegroup_spec.go
index e3f53614725fd..91cc91f9022cb 100644
--- a/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populate_instancegroup_spec.go
+++ b/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populate_instancegroup_spec.go
@@ -272,15 +272,19 @@ func MachineArchitecture(cloud fi.Cloud, machineType string) (architectures.Arch
 		if info.ProcessorInfo == nil || len(info.ProcessorInfo.SupportedArchitectures) == 0 {
 			return "", fmt.Errorf("error finding architecture info for instance type %q", machineType)
 		}
-		arch := fi.StringValue(info.ProcessorInfo.SupportedArchitectures[0])
-		switch arch {
-		case ec2.ArchitectureTypeX8664:
-			return architectures.ArchitectureAmd64, nil
-		case ec2.ArchitectureTypeArm64:
-			return architectures.ArchitectureArm64, nil
-		default:
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported architecture for instance type %q: %s", machineType, arch)
+		var unsupported []string
+		for _, arch := range info.ProcessorInfo.SupportedArchitectures {
+			// Return the first found supported architecture, in order of popularity
+			switch fi.StringValue(arch) {
+			case ec2.ArchitectureTypeX8664:
+				return architectures.ArchitectureAmd64, nil
+			case ec2.ArchitectureTypeArm64:
+				return architectures.ArchitectureArm64, nil
+			default:
+				unsupported = append(unsupported, fi.StringValue(arch))
+			}
 		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported architecture for instance type %q: %v", machineType, unsupported)
 	default:
 		// No other clouds are known to support any other architectures at this time
 		return architectures.ArchitectureAmd64, nil
diff --git a/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populateinstancegroup_test.go b/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populate_instancegroup_spec_test.go
similarity index 66%
rename from upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populateinstancegroup_test.go
rename to upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populate_instancegroup_spec_test.go
index 1cdd78fafaf14..5b1b1c261c9d7 100644
--- a/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populateinstancegroup_test.go
+++ b/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/populate_instancegroup_spec_test.go
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	kopsapi "k8s.io/kops/pkg/apis/kops"
+	"k8s.io/kops/util/pkg/architectures"
 )
 
 func buildMinimalNodeInstanceGroup(subnets ...string) *kopsapi.InstanceGroup {
@@ -77,3 +78,47 @@ func expectErrorFromPopulateInstanceGroup(t *testing.T, cluster *kopsapi.Cluster
 		t.Fatalf("Expected error %q, got %q", message, actualMessage)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestMachineArchitecture(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		machineType string
+		arch        architectures.Architecture
+		err         error
+	}{
+		{
+			machineType: "t2.micro",
+			arch:        architectures.ArchitectureAmd64,
+			err:         nil,
+		},
+		{
+			machineType: "t3.micro",
+			arch:        architectures.ArchitectureAmd64,
+			err:         nil,
+		},
+		{
+			machineType: "a1.large",
+			arch:        architectures.ArchitectureArm64,
+			err:         nil,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", test.machineType, test.arch), func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, cluster := buildMinimalCluster()
+			cloud, err := BuildCloud(cluster)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("error from BuildCloud: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			arch, err := MachineArchitecture(cloud, test.machineType)
+			if err != test.err {
+				t.Errorf("actual error %q differs from expected error %q", err, test.err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			if arch != test.arch {
+				t.Errorf("actual architecture %q differs from expected architecture %q", arch, test.arch)
+				return
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/scratchpad b/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/scratchpad
deleted file mode 100644
index 0db8674bf9a0c..0000000000000
--- a/upup/pkg/fi/cloudup/scratchpad
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-> kops create cluster mixed.awsdata.com --zones us-east-1c --topology private --networking weave
-
-> kops edit cluster mixed.awsdata.com
-
-# Changed nodes to public here:
-
-```
-  topology:
-    dns:
-      type: Public
-    masters: private
-    nodes: public
-```