diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Attributes/WithoutRelations.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Attributes/WithoutRelations.php
index 3c70f2ac7545..072733c28d15 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/Attributes/WithoutRelations.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/Attributes/WithoutRelations.php
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 use Attribute;
 
-#[Attribute(Attribute::TARGET_PROPERTY)]
+#[Attribute(Attribute::TARGET_CLASS | Attribute::TARGET_PROPERTY)]
 class WithoutRelations
 {
     //
diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Queue/SerializesModels.php b/src/Illuminate/Queue/SerializesModels.php
index fdca57cb042e..db17b98755af 100644
--- a/src/Illuminate/Queue/SerializesModels.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Queue/SerializesModels.php
@@ -19,9 +19,13 @@ public function __serialize()
     {
         $values = [];
 
-        $properties = (new ReflectionClass($this))->getProperties();
+        $reflectionClass = new ReflectionClass($this);
 
-        $class = get_class($this);
+        [$class, $properties, $classLevelWithoutRelations] = [
+            get_class($this),
+            $reflectionClass->getProperties(),
+            ! empty($reflectionClass->getAttributes(WithoutRelations::class)),
+        ];
 
         foreach ($properties as $property) {
             if ($property->isStatic()) {
@@ -48,7 +52,8 @@ public function __serialize()
 
             $values[$name] = $this->getSerializedPropertyValue(
                 $value,
-                empty($property->getAttributes(WithoutRelations::class))
+                ! $classLevelWithoutRelations &&
+                    empty($property->getAttributes(WithoutRelations::class))
             );
         }
 
diff --git a/tests/Integration/Queue/ModelSerializationTest.php b/tests/Integration/Queue/ModelSerializationTest.php
index 2469f65cb938..254aff380e23 100644
--- a/tests/Integration/Queue/ModelSerializationTest.php
+++ b/tests/Integration/Queue/ModelSerializationTest.php
@@ -332,6 +332,26 @@ public function test_it_respects_without_relations_attribute()
         );
     }
 
+    public function test_it_respects_without_relations_attribute_applied_to_class()
+    {
+        $user = User::create([
+            'email' => 'taylor@laravel.com',
+        ])->load(['roles']);
+
+        $serialized = serialize(new ModelSerializationAttributeTargetsClassTestClass($user, new DataValueObject('hello')));
+
+        $this->assertSame(
+            'O:83:"Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Queue\ModelSerializationAttributeTargetsClassTestClass":2:{s:4:"user";O:45:"Illuminate\Contracts\Database\ModelIdentifier":5:{s:5:"class";s:39:"Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Queue\User";s:2:"id";i:1;s:9:"relations";a:0:{}s:10:"connection";s:7:"testing";s:15:"collectionClass";N;}s:5:"value";O:50:"Illuminate\Tests\Integration\Queue\DataValueObject":1:{s:5:"value";s:5:"hello";}}',
+            $serialized
+        );
+
+        /** @var ModelSerializationAttributeTargetsClassTestClass $unserialized */
+        $unserialized = unserialize($serialized);
+
+        $this->assertFalse($unserialized->user->relationLoaded('roles'));
+        $this->assertEquals('hello', $unserialized->value->value);
+    }
+
     public function test_serialization_types_empty_custom_eloquent_collection()
     {
         $class = new ModelSerializationTypedCustomCollectionTestClass(
@@ -526,6 +546,16 @@ public function __construct(User $user)
     }
 }
 
+#[WithoutRelations]
+class ModelSerializationAttributeTargetsClassTestClass
+{
+    use SerializesModels;
+
+    public function __construct(public User $user, public DataValueObject $value)
+    {
+    }
+}
+
 class ModelRelationSerializationTestClass
 {
     use SerializesModels;
@@ -549,3 +579,10 @@ public function __construct($users)
         $this->users = $users;
     }
 }
+
+class DataValueObject
+{
+    public function __construct(public $value = 1)
+    {
+    }
+}