Landon, Regarding the non-closure of stdin by calc when called within a while loop in BASH, David Haller (openSuSE list wizard) provided a patch that closes stdin and prevents the problem described below. What do I need to do to submit it for your consideration? Can I just provide it by this email or do I need to add it to a tracker to make sure it doesn't get lost? Let me know. Here is the patch :) Index: calc-2.12.4.4/calc.c =================================================================== --- calc-2.12.4.4.orig/calc.c +++ calc-2.12.4.4/calc.c @@ -487,6 +487,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv) if (havecommands) { cmdbuf[cmdlen++] = '\n'; cmdbuf[cmdlen] = '\0'; + if(fclose(stdin)) { perror("main(): fclose(stdin) failed:"); } } argc_value = argc - maxindex; ALSO -- How was the Venus transit Landon? Pretty cool to see what those old anarchist Galileo and Sir Isaac were able to cobble together just from watching the sky -- no computer required... Let me know what else you guys need, if anything.