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@@ -1,5 +1,187 @@
## Transfer Protocols ##
-receive-pack
+Here we will go over how clients and servers talk to each other to
+transfer Git data around.
+
+### Fetching Data over HTTP ###
+
+Fetching over an http/s URL will make Git use a slightly dumber protocol.
+In this case, all of the logic is entirely on the client side. The server
+requires no special setup - any static webserver will work fine if the
+git directory you are fetching from is in the webserver path.
+
+In order for this to work, you do need to run a single command on the
+server repo everytime anything is updated, though - linkgit:git-update-server-info[0],
+which updates the objects/info/packs and info/refs files to list which refs
+and packfiles are available, since you can't do a listing over http. When
+that command is run, the objects/info/packs file looks something like this:
+
+ P pack-ce2bd34abc3d8ebc5922dc81b2e1f30bf17c10cc.pack
+ P pack-7ad5f5d05f5e20025898c95296fe4b9c861246d8.pack
+
+So that if the fetch can't find a loose file, it can try these packfiles. The
+info/refs file will look something like this:
+
+ 184063c9b594f8968d61a686b2f6052779551613 refs/heads/development
+ 32aae7aef7a412d62192f710f2130302997ec883 refs/heads/master
+
+Then when you fetch from this repo, it will start with these refs and walk the
+commit objects until the client has all the objects that it needs.
+
+For instance, if you ask to fetch the master branch, it will see that master is
+pointing to 32aae7ae
and that your master is pointing to ab04d88
,
+so you need 32aae7ae
. You fetch that object
+
+ CONNECT http://myserver.com
+ GET /git/myproject.git/objects/32/aae7aef7a412d62192f710f2130302997ec883 - 200
+
+and it looks like this:
+
+ tree aa176fb83a47d00386be237b450fb9dfb5be251a
+ parent bd71cad2d597d0f1827d4a3f67bb96a646f02889
+ author Scott Chacon 1220463037 -0700
+ committer Scott Chacon 1220463037 -0700
+
+ added chapters on private repo setup, scm migration, raw git
+
+So now it fetches the tree aa176fb8
:
+
+ GET /git/myproject.git/objects/aa/176fb83a47d00386be237b450fb9dfb5be251a - 200
+
+which looks like this:
+
+ 100644 blob 6ff87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 COPYING
+ 100644 blob 97b51a6d3685b093cfb345c9e79516e5099a13fb README
+ 100644 blob 9d1b23b8660817e4a74006f15fae86e2a508c573 Rakefile
+
+So then it fetches those objects:
+
+ GET /git/myproject.git/objects/6f/f87c4664981e4397625791c8ea3bbb5f2279a3 - 200
+ GET /git/myproject.git/objects/97/b51a6d3685b093cfb345c9e79516e5099a13fb - 200
+ GET /git/myproject.git/objects/9d/1b23b8660817e4a74006f15fae86e2a508c573 - 200
+
+It actually does this with Curl, and can open up multiple parallel threads to
+speed up this process. When it's done recursing the tree pointed to by the
+commit, it fetches the next parent.
+
+ GET /git/myproject.git/objects/bd/71cad2d597d0f1827d4a3f67bb96a646f02889 - 200
+
+Now in this case, the commit that comes back looks like this:
+
+ tree b4cc00cf8546edd4fcf29defc3aec14de53e6cf8
+ parent ab04d884140f7b0cf8bbf86d6883869f16a46f65
+ author Scott Chacon 1220421161 -0700
+ committer Scott Chacon 1220421161 -0700
+
+ added chapters on the packfile and how git stores objects
+
+and we can see that the parent, ab04d88
is where our master branch
+is currently pointing. So, we recursively fetch this tree and then stop, since
+we know we have everything before this point. You can force Git to double check
+that we have everything with the '--recover' option. See linkgit:git-http-fetch[1]
+for more information.
+
+If one of the loose object fetches fails, Git will download the packfile indexes
+looking for the sha that it needs, then download that packfile.
+
+It is important if you are running a git server that serves repos this way to
+implement a post-receive hook that runs the 'git update-server-info' command
+each time or there will be confusion.
+
+### Fetching Data with Upload Pack ###
+
+For the smarter protocols, fetching objects is much more efficient. A socket
+is opened, either over ssh or over port 9418 (in the case of the git:// protocol),
+and the linkgit:git-fetch-pack[1] command on the client begins communicating with
+a forked linkgit:git-upload-pack[1] process on the server.
+
+Then the server will tell the client which SHAs it has for each ref,
+and the client figures out what it needs and responds with a list of SHAs it
+wants and already has.
+
+At this point, the server will generate a packfile with all the objects that
+the client needs and begin streaming it down to the client.
+
+Let's look at an example.
+
+The client connects and sends the request header. The clone command
+
+ $ git clone git://myserver.com/project.git
+
+produces the following request:
+
+ 0032git-upload-pack /project.git\000host=myserver.com\000
+
+The first four bytes contain the hex length of the line (including 4 byte line
+length and trailing newline if present). Following are the command and
+arguments. This is followed by a null byte and then the host information. The
+request is terminated by a null byte.
+
+The request is processed and turned into a call to git-upload-pack:
+
+ $ git-upload-pack /path/to/repos/project.git
+
+This immediately returns information of the repo:
+
+ 007c74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d HEAD\000multi_ack thin-pack side-band side-band-64k ofs-delta shallow no-progress
+ 003e7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe refs/heads/debug
+ 003d5a3f6be755bbb7deae50065988cbfa1ffa9ab68a refs/heads/dist
+ 003e7e47fe2bd8d01d481f44d7af0531bd93d3b21c01 refs/heads/local
+ 003f74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d refs/heads/master
+ 0000
+
+Each line starts with a four byte line length declaration in hex. The section
+is terminated by a line length declaration of 0000.
+
+This is sent back to the client verbatim. The client responds with another
+request:
+
+ 0054want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d multi_ack side-band-64k ofs-delta
+ 0032want 7d1665144a3a975c05f1f43902ddaf084e784dbe
+ 0032want 5a3f6be755bbb7deae50065988cbfa1ffa9ab68a
+ 0032want 7e47fe2bd8d01d481f44d7af0531bd93d3b21c01
+ 0032want 74730d410fcb6603ace96f1dc55ea6196122532d
+ 00000009done
+
+The is sent to the open git-upload-pack process which then streams out the
+final response:
+
+ "0008NAK\n"
+ "0023\002Counting objects: 2797, done.\n"
+ "002b\002Compressing objects: 0% (1/1177) \r"
+ "002c\002Compressing objects: 1% (12/1177) \r"
+ "002c\002Compressing objects: 2% (24/1177) \r"
+ "002c\002Compressing objects: 3% (36/1177) \r"
+ "002c\002Compressing objects: 4% (48/1177) \r"
+ "002c\002Compressing objects: 5% (59/1177) \r"
+ "002c\002Compressing objects: 6% (71/1177) \r"
+ "0053\002Compressing objects: 7% (83/1177) \rCompressing objects: 8% (95/1177) \r"
+ ...
+ "005b\002Compressing objects: 100% (1177/1177) \rCompressing objects: 100% (1177/1177), done.\n"
+ "2004\001PACK\000\000\000\002\000\000\n\355\225\017x\234\235\216K\n\302"..."\b