diff --git a/docs/getting-started/1710-remote_access_ips.png b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/1710-remote_access_ips.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/1710-remote_access_ips.png rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/1710-remote_access_ips.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started/1711-remote_access_ips_small.png b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/1711-remote_access_ips_small.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/1711-remote_access_ips_small.png rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/1711-remote_access_ips_small.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started/boot-new-linode.gif b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/boot-new-linode.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/boot-new-linode.gif rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/boot-new-linode.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started/deploy-an-image.gif b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/deploy-an-image.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/deploy-an-image.gif rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/deploy-an-image.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started.jpg b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/getting-started.jpg similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started.jpg rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/getting-started.jpg diff --git a/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/index.md b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/index.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..70e3b8acc5c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,324 @@ +--- +author: + name: Linode + email: docs@linode.com +keywords: ["getting started", "intro", "basics", "first steps"] +description: 'This guide will help you set up your first Linode.' +og_description: "Learn how to create an account, boot your first Linode, and connect via SSH with our Getting Started guide." +license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)' +modified: 2018-10-19 +modified_by: + name: Linode +published: 2009-07-19 +title: Getting Started with Linode +show_on_rss_feed: false +hiddenguide: true +cloud_manager_link: getting-started/ +--- + +![Getting Started with Linode](getting-started.jpg "Getting Started with Linode") + +## Welcome to Linode! + +Thank you for choosing Linode as your cloud hosting provider! This guide will help you sign up for an account, set up a Linux distribution, boot your Linode, and perform some basic system administration tasks. + +If you've already created an account and booted your Linode, skip ahead to [Connect to Your Linode via SSH](#connect-to-your-linode-via-ssh). + + + +## Sign Up + +If you haven't already signed up for a Linode account, start here. + +1. Create a new account at the [Sign Up page](https://login.linode.com/signup). +2. Sign in and enter your billing and account information. Most accounts are activated instantly, but some require manual review prior to activation. If your account is not immediately activated, you will receive an email with additional instructions. +3. Select a Linode plan and data center location: + + ![Available Linode plans](linode-manager-select-plan.png) + +If you're not sure which data center to select, use our [speed test](http://www.linode.com/speedtest) to determine which location provides the best performance for your target audience. You can also generate [MTR reports](/docs/networking/diagnostics/diagnosing-network-issues-with-mtr/) for each of the data centers to determine which of our facilities provides the best latency from your particular location. + +## Provision Your Linode + +After your Linode is created, prepare it for operation by setting up a Linux distribution. + +### Log In to the Linode Manager + +The [Linode Manager](https://manager.linode.com) is a web-based control panel that allows you to manage your Linode virtual servers and services. Log in with the username and password you created when you signed up. After you've created your first Linode, you can use the Linode Manager to: + +* Boot and shut down your virtual server, +* Access monitoring statistics, +* Update your [billing and account information](/docs/platform/manager/accounts-and-passwords/), +* Request support and perform other administrative tasks. + +### Deploy an Image + +![How to Deploy an Image](deploy-an-image.gif "Animation shows how to use the Linode Manager to deploy a Linux image.") + +Once you've created a new Linode, click the name or **Dashboard** to open the Linode Manager Dashboard. + +1. Click on **Deploy an Image** to reach the *Deploy* page. + +2. Select a Linux distribution from the **Image** menu. You can choose from: + + * [Arch Linux](http://www.archlinux.org/) + * [CentOS](http://www.centos.org/) + * [CoreOS](https://coreos.com/) + * [Debian](http://www.debian.org/) + * [Fedora](http://fedoraproject.org/) + * [Gentoo](http://www.gentoo.org/) + * [openSUSE](http://www.opensuse.org/) + * [Slackware](http://www.slackware.com/) + * [Ubuntu](http://www.ubuntu.com/) + + If you're new to the Linux operating system, consider selecting Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. Ubuntu is the most popular distribution among Linode customers and one of the most well-supported by online communities, so resolving any issues you may have should be simple. + +3. Enter a size for the disk in the **Deployment Disk Size** field. By default all of the available space is allocated, but you can set a lower size if you plan on cloning a disk or creating multiple configuration profiles. You can always create, resize, and delete disks later. + +4. Select a swap disk size from the **Swap Disk** menu. + +5. Enter a root password for your Linode in the **Root Password** field. This password must be provided when you log in to your Linode via SSH. It must be at least 6 characters long and contain characters from two of the following categories: + + - lowercase and uppercase case letters + - numbers + - punctuation characters + +6. Click **Deploy**. The Dashboard's Host Job Queue area will report the deployment progress in real time. + + {{< note >}} +Use a [StackScript](http://www.linode.com/stackscripts) to quickly deploy software platforms and system configuration options to your Linux distribution. Some of the most popular StackScripts do things like install the Apache web server, configure a firewall, and set up the WordPress content management system. +{{< /note >}} + +## Boot Your Linode + +Your Linode is now provisioned with the distro of your choice but it's turned off, as indicated in the Dashboard. + +![Boot the Linode](boot-new-linode.gif "Click the Boot button, then OK in the dialog box.") + +1. Click **Boot** to turn on your Linode. + +2. When booted, the **Server Status** will change from **Powered Off** to **Running** and there will be a successfully completed **System Boot** job in the **Host Job Queue**. + +## Connect to Your Linode via SSH + +Communicating with your Linode is usually done using the secure shell (SSH) protocol. SSH encrypts all of the data transferred between the SSH client application on your computer and the Linode, including passwords and other sensitive information. There are SSH clients available for every operating system. + +### SSH Overview + +- **Linux:** You can use a terminal window, regardless of desktop environment or window manager. +- **Mac:** The *Terminal* application comes pre-installed with OS X and can be launched from *Applications* > *Utilities*. + + + +- **Windows:** There is no native SSH client, but you can use a free, open source application called [PuTTY](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). + + + +### Find your Linode's IP Address + +Your Linode has a unique **IP address** that identifies it to other devices and users on the internet. + +Find your Linode's IP address from the [Linode Manager](https://manager.linode.com). + +1. Click the **Linodes** tab. +2. Select your Linode. +3. Click the **Remote Access** tab. +4. Copy the addresses in the Public IPs section. + + [![Public IPs.](1711-remote_access_ips_small.png)](1710-remote_access_ips.png) + +In this example, the Linode's IPv4 address is *96.126.109.54* and its IPv6 address is *2600:3c03::f03c:91ff:fe70:cabd*. Unless your internet service provider supports IPv6, use the IPv4 address. + +### Log In + +Once you have the IP address and an SSH client, you can log in via SSH. The following instructions are written for Linux and Mac OS X. If you're using PuTTY as your SSH client in Windows, follow [these instructions](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). + +![Copy SSH Command with IP and Log in](ssh-to-a-linode.gif "Go to the Remote Access tab and copy the SSH command, then paste it into a terminal.") + +1. Enter the following into your terminal window or application. Replace the example IP address with your Linode's IP address: + + ssh root@198.51.100.4 + +2. If this is the first time connecting to your Linode, you'll see the authenticity warning below. This is because your SSH client has never encountered the server's key fingerprint before. Type `yes` and press **Enter** to continue connecting. + + {{< output >}} +The authenticity of host '198.51.100.4 (198.51.100.4)' can't be established. +RSA key fingerprint is 11:eb:57:f3:a5:c3:e0:77:47:c4:15:3a:3c:df:6c:d2. +Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? +{{< /output >}} + + After you enter `yes`, the client confirms the addition: + + {{< output >}} +Warning: Permanently added '198.51.100.4' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. +{{< /output >}} + +3. The login prompt appears for you to enter the password you created for the `root` user above. + + {{< output >}} +root@198.51.100.4's password: +{{< /output >}} + +4. The SSH client initiates the connection. When the connection is completed the following prompt appears: + + {{< output >}} +root@li123-456:~# +{{< /output >}} + + {{< note >}} +If you recently rebuilt an existing Linode, you might receive an error message when you try to +reconnect via SSH. SSH clients try to match the remote host with the known keys on your desktop computer, so when you rebuild your Linode, the remote host key changes. + +To reconnect via SSH, revoke the key for that IP address. + +For Linux and Mac OS X: + + ssh-keygen -R 198.51.100.4 + +For Windows, PuTTY users must remove the old host IP addresses manually. PuTTY's known hosts are in the registry entry: + + HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\SshHostKeys +{{< /note >}} + +## Install Software Updates + +The first thing you should do after connecting to your Linode is update the Linux distribution's software. This applies the latest security patches and bug fixes to help protect your Linode against unauthorized access. + +Installing software updates should be performed regularly. + +### Ubuntu / Debian + + apt-get update && apt-get upgrade + +{{< note >}} +Ubuntu may prompt you when the Grub package is updated. If prompted, select `keep the local version currently installed`. +{{< /note >}} + +### CentOS + + yum update + +### Fedora + + dnf upgrade + +### Arch Linux + + pacman -Syu + +### Gentoo + + emaint sync -a + +After running a sync, it may end with a message that you should upgrade Portage using a `--oneshot` emerge command. If so, run the Portage update. Then update the rest of the system: + + emerge --uDN @world + +### Slackware + + slackpkg update + slackpkg upgrade-all + +## Set the Hostname + +A hostname is used to identify your device in an easy-to-remember format. The hostname is stored in the `/etc/hostname` file. Your system's hostname should be something unique. Some people name their servers after planets, philosophers, or animals. Note that the hostname has no relationship to websites or email services hosted on it, aside from providing a name for the system itself. Your hostname should *not* be "www" or anything too generic. If you want to assign your system a fully qualified domain name, see our guide on using your system's [hosts file](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/). + +Once you're done, you can verify by running the command `hostname`. + +### Arch / CentOS 7 / Debian 8 / Fedora / Ubuntu 16.04 and above + +Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. + + hostnamectl set-hostname example_hostname + +### Debian 7 / Slackware / Ubuntu 14.04 + +Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. + + echo "example_hostname" > /etc/hostname + hostname -F /etc/hostname + +### CentOS 6 + +Replace `hostname` with one of your choice. + + echo "HOSTNAME=example_hostname" >> /etc/sysconfig/network + hostname "hostname" + +### Gentoo + +Enter the following commands to set the hostname, replacing `example_hostname` with the hostname of your choice: + + echo "HOSTNAME=\"example_hostname\"" > /etc/conf.d/hostname + /etc/init.d/hostname restart + +### Update /etc/hosts + +The `hosts` file, located at `/etc/hosts`, creates static associations between IP addresses and hostnames, with higher priority than DNS. Open this file in a text editor and add a line for your Linode's public IP address. You can associate this address with your Linode's **Fully Qualified Domain Name** (FQDN) if you have one, and with the local hostname you set in the steps above. In the example below, `203.0.113.10` is the public IP address, `hostname` is the local hostname, and `hostname.example.com` is the FQDN. + + {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} +127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost +203.0.113.10 hostname.example.com hostname +{{< /file >}} + +If you have IPv6 enabled on your Linode, you may also want to add an entry for your IPv6 address: + + {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} +127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost +203.0.113.10 hostname.example.com hostname +2600:3c01::a123:b456:c789:d012 hostname.example.com hostname +{{< /file >}} + +The value you assign as your system's FQDN should have an "A" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv4 address. For Linodes with IPv6 enabled, you should also set up an "AAAA" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv6 address. For more information on configuring DNS, see [Adding DNS Records](/docs/websites/hosting-a-website/#add-dns-records). + +For more information about the `hosts` file and how to configure it, see [Using your System's hosts File](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/) + +## Set the Timezone + +By default, your Linode will be set to UTC time. You may want to change this to the timezone you live in, or where a majority of your users live, to make log file timestamps more sensible. + +### Debian / Ubuntu + + dpkg-reconfigure tzdata + +### Arch Linux / CentOS 7 / Fedora + +1. View a list of available time zones: + + timedatectl list-timezones + +2. Use the `Up`, `Down`, `Page Up` and `Page Down` keys to navigate. Find the time zone you want. Remember it, write it down, or copy it as a mouse selection. Then press **q** to exit the list. + +3. Set the time zone: + + timedatectl set-timezone 'America/New_York' + +### Gentoo + +1. View a list of available time zones: + + ls /usr/share/zoneinfo + +2. Write the selected time zone to the `/etc/timezone` file: + + echo "EST" > /etc/timezone + +3. Configure the `sys-libs/timezone-data` package, which will set `/etc/localtime` appropriately: + + emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data + +### Check the Time + +View the current date and time according to your server. + + date + + {{< output >}} +Thu Feb 16 12:17:52 EST 2018 +{{< /output >}} + +## Next Steps + +Now that you have an up-to-date Linode, secure your server and your Linode Manager from unauthorized access. Read the [Securing Your Server](/docs/security/securing-your-server/) guide and the [Linode Manager Security Controls](/docs/security/linode-manager-security-controls/) guide to get you going. Make sure you follow Linode system status and maintenance updates by visiting the [Linode Status page](https://status.linode.com/) and by [subscribing to Linode status updates](/docs/platform/linode-status-page/). diff --git a/docs/getting-started/linode-manager-select-plan.png b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/linode-manager-select-plan.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/linode-manager-select-plan.png rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/linode-manager-select-plan.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started/ssh-to-a-linode.gif b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/ssh-to-a-linode.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/ssh-to-a-linode.gif rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/ssh-to-a-linode.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/index.md b/docs/getting-started-new-manager/index.md deleted file mode 100644 index a8c291fefd9..00000000000 --- a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/index.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,338 +0,0 @@ ---- -author: - name: Linode - email: docs@linode.com -keywords: ["getting started", "intro", "basics", "first steps"] -description: 'This guide will help you set up your first Linode.' -og_description: "Learn how to create an account, boot your first Linode, and connect via SSH with our Getting Started guide." -license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)' -modified: 2018-11-05 -modified_by: - name: Linode -published: 2018-11-05 -title: Getting Started with Linode -show_on_frontpage: false -title_short: "Getting Started" -type: "guide" -weight: 10 -icon: "book" -show_on_rss_feed: false -hiddenguide: true ---- - -![Getting Started with Linode](getting-started.jpg "Getting Started with Linode") - -## Welcome to Linode! - -Thank you for choosing Linode as your cloud hosting provider! This guide will help you sign up for an account and access Linode's [Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com), a browser-based control panel which allows you to manage your Linode virtual servers and services. - -From there you'll set up a Linux distribution, boot your Linode, and perform some basic system administration tasks. If you've already created an account and booted your Linode, skip ahead to [connecting to your Linode](#connect-to-your-linode-via-ssh) using SSH. - - - -## Sign Up - -If you haven't already signed up for a Linode account, start here. - -1. Create a new account at the [signup page](https://login.linode.com/signup). - -1. Sign in and enter your billing and account information. Most accounts are activated instantly, but some require manual review prior to activation. If your account is not immediately activated, you will receive an email with additional instructions. - -## Create a Linode - -![Create a Linode by selecting the image, the region, the plan, and creating a label and a password.](create-a-linode.gif) - -1. Log in to the [Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com) with the username and password you created when signing up. - -1. At the top of the page, click **Create** and select **Linode**. - -1. Select the image you would like to use. You can choose a standard Linux image from the list or you can select a previously created image from the *Images* menu item. - - {{< note >}} -Use a [StackScript](http://www.linode.com/stackscripts) to quickly deploy software platforms and system configuration options to your Linux distribution. Some of the most popular StackScripts do things like install a LAMP stack, VPN, or WordPress. -{{< /note >}} - -1. Choose the region where you would like your Linode to reside. If you're not sure which to select, see our [How to Choose a Data Center](/docs/platform/how-to-choose-a-data-center) guide. You can also generate [MTR reports](/docs/networking/diagnostics/diagnosing-network-issues-with-mtr/) for a deeper look at the route path between you and a data center in each specific region. - -1. Select a Linode plan. - -1. Give your Linode a label. This is a name to help you easily identify it within the Cloud Manager's Dashboard. If desired, assign a tag to the Linode in the **Add Tags** field. - -1. Create a strong password for your Linode. You will use this password to SSH into your Linode. - -1. Create a root password for your Linode in the **Root Password** field. This password must be provided when you log in to your Linode via SSH. It must be at least 6 characters long and contain characters from two of the following categories: - - - lowercase and uppercase case letters - - numbers - - punctuation characters - -1. Click **Create**. You will be directed back to the *Linodes* page which will report the status of your Linode as it boots up. You can now use the Cloud Manager to: - - * Boot and shut down your Linode - * Access monitoring statistics - * Update your [billing](/docs/platform/billing-and-support/billing-and-payments-new-manager/) and [account](/docs/platform/manager/accounts-and-passwords-new-manager/) information - * Add additional Linode services, like [Block Storage](/docs/platform/block-storage/how-to-use-block-storage-with-your-linode-new-manager/) - * Open a [support](/docs/platform/billing-and-support/support-new-manager/) ticket and perform other administrative tasks - -1. Be sure to bookmark the [Linode Status page](https://status.linode.com/) or [subscribe](/docs/platform/linode-status-page/) to our system status updates by email. - -## Connect to Your Linode via SSH - -Communicating with your Linode is usually done using the secure shell (SSH) protocol. SSH encrypts all of the data transferred between the client application on your computer and the Linode, including passwords and other sensitive information. There are SSH clients available for every operating system. - -* **Linux:** You can use a terminal window, regardless of desktop environment or window manager. -* **macOS:** *Terminal.app* comes pre-installed and can be launched from Spotlight or Launchpad. - - - -* **Windows:** There is no native SSH client but you can use a free and open source application called [PuTTY](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). - - - -### Find your Linode's IP Address - -Your Linode has a unique IP address that identifies it to other devices and users on the internet. - -1. Click the **Linodes** link in the sidebar of the [Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com/). - -1. Find your Linode, click on it's name and navigate to the *Networking* tab. - -1. Your IPv4 and IPv6 addresses appear under the *IPv4* and *IPv6* sections. - - [![The Networking settings tab for your Linode](getting-started-networking-small.png)](getting-started-networking.png) - - You can also quickly reference your Linode's IP addresses from the **Linodes** page: - - ![IP address from the Linodes page](getting-started-quick-ip-address.png) - -### Log in Using SSH - -Once you have the IP address and an SSH client, you can log in via SSH. The following instructions are written for Linux and macOS. If you're using PuTTY on Windows, follow [these instructions](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). - -![Copy SSH Command with IP and Log in](getting-started-ssh.gif "Go to the Networking tab and copy the SSH command, then paste it into a terminal.") - -1. Enter the following into your terminal window or application. Replace the example IP address with your Linode's IP address: - - ssh root@198.51.100.4 - -1. If this is the first time connecting to your Linode, you'll see the authenticity warning below. This is because your SSH client has never encountered the server's key fingerprint before. Type `yes` and press **Enter** to continue connecting. - - {{< output >}} -The authenticity of host '198.51.100.4 (198.51.100.4)' can't be established. -RSA key fingerprint is 11:eb:57:f3:a5:c3:e0:77:47:c4:15:3a:3c:df:6c:d2. -Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? -{{< /output >}} - - After you enter `yes`, the client confirms the addition: - - {{< output >}} -Warning: Permanently added '198.51.100.4' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. -{{< /output >}} - -1. The login prompt appears for you to enter the password you created for the `root` user above. - - {{< output >}} -root@198.51.100.4's password: -{{< /output >}} - -1. The SSH client initiates the connection and then the following prompt appears: - - {{< output >}} -root@li123-456:~# -{{< /output >}} - - {{< note >}} -If you recently rebuilt an existing Linode, you might receive an error message when you try to -reconnect via SSH. SSH clients try to match the remote host with the known keys on your desktop computer, so when you rebuild your Linode, the remote host key changes. - -To reconnect via SSH, revoke the key for that IP address. - -For Linux and macOS: - - ssh-keygen -R 198.51.100.4 - -For Windows, PuTTY users must remove the old host IP addresses manually. PuTTY's known hosts are in the registry entry: - - HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\SshHostKeys -{{< /note >}} - -## Install Software Updates - -The first thing you should do after connecting to your Linode is update the Linux distribution's packages. This applies the latest security patches and bug fixes to help protect your Linode against unauthorized access. Installing software updates should be performed regularly. - -### Arch Linux - - pacman -Syu - -### CentOS - - yum update - -### Debian / Ubuntu - - apt-get update && apt-get upgrade - -{{< note >}} -You may be prompted to make a menu selection when the Grub package is updated on Ubuntu. If prompted, select `keep the local version currently installed`. -{{< /note >}} - -### Fedora - - dnf upgrade - -### Gentoo - - emaint sync -a - -After running a sync, it may end with a message that you should upgrade Portage using a `--oneshot` emerge command. If so, run the Portage update. Then update the rest of the system: - - emerge --uDN @world - -### OpenSUSE - - zypper update - -### Slackware - - slackpkg update - slackpkg upgrade-all - -## Set the Hostname - -A hostname is used to identify your Linode using an easy-to-remember name. Your Linode's hostname doesn't necessarily associate with websites or email services hosted on the system, but see our guide on using the[hosts file](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/)if you want to assign your Linode a fully qualified domain name. - - Your hostname should be something unique, and should not be *www* or anything too generic. Some people name their servers after planets, philosophers, or animals. After you've made the change below, you'll need to log out and back in again to see the terminal prompt change from `localhost` to your new hostname. The command `hostname` should also show it correctly. - -### Arch / CentOS 7 / Debian 8 / Fedora / Ubuntu 16.04 and above - -Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. - - hostnamectl set-hostname example_hostname - -### CentOS 6 - -Replace `hostname` with one of your choice. - - echo "HOSTNAME=example_hostname" >> /etc/sysconfig/network - hostname "hostname" - -### Debian 7 / Slackware / Ubuntu 14.04 - -Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. - - echo "example_hostname" > /etc/hostname - hostname -F /etc/hostname - -### Gentoo - -Enter the following commands to set the hostname, replacing `example_hostname` with the hostname of your choice: - - echo "HOSTNAME=\"example_hostname\"" > /etc/conf.d/hostname - /etc/init.d/hostname restart - -### OpenSUSE - -Replace `example-hostname` with one of your choice. - - hostname example-hostname - - -### Update Your System's hosts File - -The `hosts` file creates static associations between IP addresses and hostnames or domains which the system prioritizes before DNS for name resolution. Open this file in a text editor and add a line for your Linode's public IP address. You can associate this address with your Linode's **Fully Qualified Domain Name** (FQDN) if you have one, and with the local hostname you set in the steps above. In the example below, `203.0.113.10` is the public IP address, `hostname` is the local hostname, and `hostname.example.com` is the FQDN. - - {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} -127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost -203.0.113.10 hostname.example.com hostname -{{< /file >}} - -You may also want to add an entry for your Linode's IPv6 address: - - {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} -127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost -203.0.113.10 hostname.example.com hostname -2600:3c01::a123:b456:c789:d012 hostname.example.com hostname -{{< /file >}} - -The value you assign as your system's FQDN should have an "A" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv4 address. For IPv6, you should also set up a DNS "AAAA" record pointing to your Linode's IPv6 address. - -See our guide to [Adding DNS Records](/docs/websites/hosting-a-website/#add-dns-records) for more information on configuring DNS. For more information about the `hosts` file, see [Using your System's hosts File](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/) - -## Set the Timezone - -All new Linodes will be set to UTC time by default. However, you may prefer your Linode use the time zone which you live in so log file timestamps are relative to your local time. - -### Arch Linux / CentOS 7 / Fedora - -1. View all available time zones: - - timedatectl list-timezones - -1. Use the `Up`, `Down`, `Page Up` and `Page Down` keys to navigate. Copy the time zone you want as a mouse selection. Then press **q** to exit the list. - -1. Set the time zone (for example, `America/New_York`): - - timedatectl set-timezone 'America/New_York' - -### Debian / Ubuntu - -1. Though newer versions of Debian and Ubuntu use systemd with `timedatectl`, the recommended method to change timezones for these distributions is to use `tzdata`. It can be called using `dpkg`: - - dpkg-reconfigure tzdata - -1. Arrow up or down to the continent of your choice and press **Enter**. Then do the same for the region. - -### Gentoo - -1. View a list of available time zones: - - ls /usr/share/zoneinfo - -1. Write the selected time zone to `/etc/timezone` (for example, EST for Eastern Standard Time): - - echo "EST" > /etc/timezone - -1. Configure the `sys-libs/timezone-data` package, which will set `/etc/localtime` appropriately: - - emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data - -### OpenSUSE - -1. View a list of available time zones: - - yast2 timezone - -1. Arrow up or down to the *Region* of your choice and press **Enter**. - -1. Press **Option+Z** (on a macOS) or **ALT+Z** (on Windows/Linux) to select the *Time Zone*. - -1. Use arrow up or down to move through the list of time zones. Press **Enter** to make your selection. - -1. Press **F10** when done. - -### Slackware - -1. Call the `timeconfig` tool in a terminal: - - timeconfig - -1. Select `NO Hardware clock is set to local time`. -1. Select a timezone. - -### Check the Time - -Use the `date` command to view the current date and time according to your server. - -{{< output >}} -root@localhost:~# date -Thu Feb 16 12:17:52 EST 2018 -{{< /output >}} - -## Next Steps - -Now that you've learned the basics of using the Cloud Manager and working with your Linode, secure it and your Linode account from unauthorized access. See the following guides to begin: - -* [Securing Your Server](/docs/security/securing-your-server/) -* [Linode Manager Security Controls](/docs/security/linode-manager-security-controls-new-manager/) diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/create-a-linode.gif b/docs/getting-started/create-a-linode.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/create-a-linode.gif rename to docs/getting-started/create-a-linode.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-add-linode.gif b/docs/getting-started/getting-started-add-linode.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-add-linode.gif rename to docs/getting-started/getting-started-add-linode.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-networking-small.png b/docs/getting-started/getting-started-networking-small.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-networking-small.png rename to docs/getting-started/getting-started-networking-small.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-networking.png b/docs/getting-started/getting-started-networking.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-networking.png rename to docs/getting-started/getting-started-networking.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-quick-ip-address.png b/docs/getting-started/getting-started-quick-ip-address.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-quick-ip-address.png rename to docs/getting-started/getting-started-quick-ip-address.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-ssh.gif b/docs/getting-started/getting-started-ssh.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-ssh.gif rename to docs/getting-started/getting-started-ssh.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started/getting-started.gif b/docs/getting-started/getting-started.gif new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..711e1512d25 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/getting-started/getting-started.gif differ diff --git a/docs/getting-started/index.md b/docs/getting-started/index.md index ab9d10e711e..c2bf1d62418 100644 --- a/docs/getting-started/index.md +++ b/docs/getting-started/index.md @@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ keywords: ["getting started", "intro", "basics", "first steps"] description: 'This guide will help you set up your first Linode.' og_description: "Learn how to create an account, boot your first Linode, and connect via SSH with our Getting Started guide." license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)' -modified: 2018-10-19 +aliases: ['getting-started-new-manager/'] +modified: 2019-03-05 modified_by: name: Linode -published: 2009-07-19 +published: 2018-11-05 title: Getting Started with Linode show_on_frontpage: true title_short: "Getting Started" @@ -17,16 +18,19 @@ type: "guide" weight: 10 icon: "book" show_on_rss_feed: false -cloud_manager_link: getting-started-new-manager --- ![Getting Started with Linode](getting-started.jpg "Getting Started with Linode") ## Welcome to Linode! -Thank you for choosing Linode as your cloud hosting provider! This guide will help you sign up for an account, set up a Linux distribution, boot your Linode, and perform some basic system administration tasks. +Thank you for choosing Linode as your cloud hosting provider! This guide will help you sign up for an account and access Linode's [Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com), a browser-based control panel which allows you to manage your Linode virtual servers and services. -If you've already created an account and booted your Linode, skip ahead to [Connect to Your Linode via SSH](#connect-to-your-linode-via-ssh). +From there you'll set up a Linux distribution, boot your Linode, and perform some basic system administration tasks. If you've already created an account and booted your Linode, skip ahead to [connecting to your Linode](#connect-to-your-linode-via-ssh) using SSH. + +{{< note >}} +View the Linode Classic Manager version of the [Getting Started](/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/) guide. +{{}} +* **Linux:** You can use a terminal window, regardless of desktop environment or window manager. +* **macOS:** *Terminal.app* comes pre-installed and can be launched from Spotlight or Launchpad. -- **Windows:** There is no native SSH client, but you can use a free, open source application called [PuTTY](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). +* **Windows:** There is no native SSH client but you can use a free and open source application called [PuTTY](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). ### Find your Linode's IP Address -Your Linode has a unique **IP address** that identifies it to other devices and users on the internet. +Your Linode has a unique IP address that identifies it to other devices and users on the internet. + +1. Click the **Linodes** menu item in the [Cloud Manager's](https://cloud.linode.com/) left hand navigation. + +1. Find your Linode, click on it's name and navigate to *Networking*. -Find your Linode's IP address from the [Linode Manager](https://manager.linode.com). +1. Your IPv4 and IPv6 addresses appear under the *IPv4* and *IPv6* sections. -1. Click the **Linodes** tab. -2. Select your Linode. -3. Click the **Remote Access** tab. -4. Copy the addresses in the Public IPs section. + [![The Networking settings tab for your Linode](getting-started-networking-small.png)](getting-started-networking.png) - [![Public IPs.](1711-remote_access_ips_small.png)](1710-remote_access_ips.png) + You can also quickly reference your Linode's IP addresses from the **Linodes** page: -In this example, the Linode's IPv4 address is *96.126.109.54* and its IPv6 address is *2600:3c03::f03c:91ff:fe70:cabd*. Unless your internet service provider supports IPv6, use the IPv4 address. + ![IP address from the Linodes page](getting-started-quick-ip-address.png) -### Log In +### Log in Using SSH -Once you have the IP address and an SSH client, you can log in via SSH. The following instructions are written for Linux and Mac OS X. If you're using PuTTY as your SSH client in Windows, follow [these instructions](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). +Once you have the IP address and an SSH client, you can log in via SSH. The following instructions are written for Linux and macOS. If you're using PuTTY on Windows, follow [these instructions](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). -![Copy SSH Command with IP and Log in](ssh-to-a-linode.gif "Go to the Remote Access tab and copy the SSH command, then paste it into a terminal.") +![Copy SSH Command with IP and Log in](getting-started-ssh.gif "Go to the Networking tab and copy the SSH command, then paste it into a terminal.") 1. Enter the following into your terminal window or application. Replace the example IP address with your Linode's IP address: ssh root@198.51.100.4 -2. If this is the first time connecting to your Linode, you'll see the authenticity warning below. This is because your SSH client has never encountered the server's key fingerprint before. Type `yes` and press **Enter** to continue connecting. +1. If this is the first time connecting to your Linode, you'll see the authenticity warning below. This is because your SSH client has never encountered the server's key fingerprint before. Type `yes` and press **Enter** to continue connecting. {{< output >}} The authenticity of host '198.51.100.4 (198.51.100.4)' can't be established. @@ -159,13 +135,13 @@ Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Warning: Permanently added '198.51.100.4' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. {{< /output >}} -3. The login prompt appears for you to enter the password you created for the `root` user above. +1. The login prompt appears for you to enter the password you created for the `root` user above. {{< output >}} root@198.51.100.4's password: {{< /output >}} -4. The SSH client initiates the connection. When the connection is completed the following prompt appears: +1. The SSH client initiates the connection and then the following prompt appears: {{< output >}} root@li123-456:~# @@ -177,7 +153,7 @@ reconnect via SSH. SSH clients try to match the remote host with the known keys To reconnect via SSH, revoke the key for that IP address. -For Linux and Mac OS X: +For Linux and macOS: ssh-keygen -R 198.51.100.4 @@ -188,30 +164,28 @@ For Windows, PuTTY users must remove the old host IP addresses manually. PuTTY's ## Install Software Updates -The first thing you should do after connecting to your Linode is update the Linux distribution's software. This applies the latest security patches and bug fixes to help protect your Linode against unauthorized access. +The first thing you should do after connecting to your Linode is update the Linux distribution's packages. This applies the latest security patches and bug fixes to help protect your Linode against unauthorized access. Installing software updates should be performed regularly. -Installing software updates should be performed regularly. +### Arch Linux -### Ubuntu / Debian + pacman -Syu + +### CentOS + + yum update + +### Debian / Ubuntu apt-get update && apt-get upgrade {{< note >}} -Ubuntu may prompt you when the Grub package is updated. If prompted, select `keep the local version currently installed`. +You may be prompted to make a menu selection when the Grub package is updated on Ubuntu. If prompted, select `keep the local version currently installed`. {{< /note >}} -### CentOS - - yum update - ### Fedora dnf upgrade -### Arch Linux - - pacman -Syu - ### Gentoo emaint sync -a @@ -220,6 +194,10 @@ After running a sync, it may end with a message that you should upgrade Portage emerge --uDN @world +### OpenSUSE + + zypper update + ### Slackware slackpkg update @@ -227,9 +205,9 @@ After running a sync, it may end with a message that you should upgrade Portage ## Set the Hostname -A hostname is used to identify your device in an easy-to-remember format. The hostname is stored in the `/etc/hostname` file. Your system's hostname should be something unique. Some people name their servers after planets, philosophers, or animals. Note that the hostname has no relationship to websites or email services hosted on it, aside from providing a name for the system itself. Your hostname should *not* be "www" or anything too generic. If you want to assign your system a fully qualified domain name, see our guide on using your system's [hosts file](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/). +A hostname is used to identify your Linode using an easy-to-remember name. Your Linode's hostname doesn't necessarily associate with websites or email services hosted on the system, but see our guide on using the[hosts file](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/)if you want to assign your Linode a fully qualified domain name. -Once you're done, you can verify by running the command `hostname`. + Your hostname should be something unique, and should not be *www* or anything too generic. Some people name their servers after planets, philosophers, or animals. After you've made the change below, you'll need to log out and back in again to see the terminal prompt change from `localhost` to your new hostname. The command `hostname` should also show it correctly. ### Arch / CentOS 7 / Debian 8 / Fedora / Ubuntu 16.04 and above @@ -237,13 +215,6 @@ Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. hostnamectl set-hostname example_hostname -### Debian 7 / Slackware / Ubuntu 14.04 - -Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. - - echo "example_hostname" > /etc/hostname - hostname -F /etc/hostname - ### CentOS 6 Replace `hostname` with one of your choice. @@ -251,6 +222,13 @@ Replace `hostname` with one of your choice. echo "HOSTNAME=example_hostname" >> /etc/sysconfig/network hostname "hostname" +### Debian 7 / Slackware / Ubuntu 14.04 + +Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. + + echo "example_hostname" > /etc/hostname + hostname -F /etc/hostname + ### Gentoo Enter the following commands to set the hostname, replacing `example_hostname` with the hostname of your choice: @@ -258,16 +236,23 @@ Enter the following commands to set the hostname, replacing `example_hostname` w echo "HOSTNAME=\"example_hostname\"" > /etc/conf.d/hostname /etc/init.d/hostname restart -### Update /etc/hosts +### OpenSUSE + +Replace `example-hostname` with one of your choice. + + hostname example-hostname + + +### Update Your System's hosts File -The `hosts` file, located at `/etc/hosts`, creates static associations between IP addresses and hostnames, with higher priority than DNS. Open this file in a text editor and add a line for your Linode's public IP address. You can associate this address with your Linode's **Fully Qualified Domain Name** (FQDN) if you have one, and with the local hostname you set in the steps above. In the example below, `203.0.113.10` is the public IP address, `hostname` is the local hostname, and `hostname.example.com` is the FQDN. +The `hosts` file creates static associations between IP addresses and hostnames or domains which the system prioritizes before DNS for name resolution. Open this file in a text editor and add a line for your Linode's public IP address. You can associate this address with your Linode's **Fully Qualified Domain Name** (FQDN) if you have one, and with the local hostname you set in the steps above. In the example below, `203.0.113.10` is the public IP address, `hostname` is the local hostname, and `hostname.example.com` is the FQDN. {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 203.0.113.10 hostname.example.com hostname {{< /file >}} -If you have IPv6 enabled on your Linode, you may also want to add an entry for your IPv6 address: +You may also want to add an entry for your Linode's IPv6 address: {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost @@ -275,54 +260,83 @@ If you have IPv6 enabled on your Linode, you may also want to add an entry for y 2600:3c01::a123:b456:c789:d012 hostname.example.com hostname {{< /file >}} -The value you assign as your system's FQDN should have an "A" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv4 address. For Linodes with IPv6 enabled, you should also set up an "AAAA" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv6 address. For more information on configuring DNS, see [Adding DNS Records](/docs/websites/hosting-a-website/#add-dns-records). +The value you assign as your system's FQDN should have an "A" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv4 address. For IPv6, you should also set up a DNS "AAAA" record pointing to your Linode's IPv6 address. -For more information about the `hosts` file and how to configure it, see [Using your System's hosts File](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/) +See our guide to [Adding DNS Records](/docs/websites/hosting-a-website/#add-dns-records) for more information on configuring DNS. For more information about the `hosts` file, see [Using your System's hosts File](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/) ## Set the Timezone -By default, your Linode will be set to UTC time. You may want to change this to the timezone you live in, or where a majority of your users live, to make log file timestamps more sensible. - -### Debian / Ubuntu - - dpkg-reconfigure tzdata +All new Linodes will be set to UTC time by default. However, you may prefer your Linode use the time zone which you live in so log file timestamps are relative to your local time. ### Arch Linux / CentOS 7 / Fedora -1. View a list of available time zones: +1. View all available time zones: timedatectl list-timezones -2. Use the `Up`, `Down`, `Page Up` and `Page Down` keys to navigate. Find the time zone you want. Remember it, write it down, or copy it as a mouse selection. Then press **q** to exit the list. +1. Use the `Up`, `Down`, `Page Up` and `Page Down` keys to navigate. Copy the time zone you want as a mouse selection. Then press **q** to exit the list. -3. Set the time zone: +1. Set the time zone (for example, `America/New_York`): timedatectl set-timezone 'America/New_York' +### Debian / Ubuntu + +1. Though newer versions of Debian and Ubuntu use systemd with `timedatectl`, the recommended method to change timezones for these distributions is to use `tzdata`. It can be called using `dpkg`: + + dpkg-reconfigure tzdata + +1. Arrow up or down to the continent of your choice and press **Enter**. Then do the same for the region. + ### Gentoo 1. View a list of available time zones: ls /usr/share/zoneinfo -2. Write the selected time zone to the `/etc/timezone` file: +1. Write the selected time zone to `/etc/timezone` (for example, EST for Eastern Standard Time): echo "EST" > /etc/timezone -3. Configure the `sys-libs/timezone-data` package, which will set `/etc/localtime` appropriately: +1. Configure the `sys-libs/timezone-data` package, which will set `/etc/localtime` appropriately: emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data -### Check the Time +### OpenSUSE + +1. View a list of available time zones: + + yast2 timezone + +1. Arrow up or down to the *Region* of your choice and press **Enter**. + +1. Press **Option+Z** (on a macOS) or **ALT+Z** (on Windows/Linux) to select the *Time Zone*. -View the current date and time according to your server. +1. Use arrow up or down to move through the list of time zones. Press **Enter** to make your selection. - date +1. Press **F10** when done. - {{< output >}} +### Slackware + +1. Call the `timeconfig` tool in a terminal: + + timeconfig + +1. Select `NO Hardware clock is set to local time`. +1. Select a timezone. + +### Check the Time + +Use the `date` command to view the current date and time according to your server. + +{{< output >}} +root@localhost:~# date Thu Feb 16 12:17:52 EST 2018 {{< /output >}} ## Next Steps -Now that you have an up-to-date Linode, secure your server and your Linode Manager from unauthorized access. Read the [Securing Your Server](/docs/security/securing-your-server/) guide and the [Linode Manager Security Controls](/docs/security/linode-manager-security-controls/) guide to get you going. Make sure you follow Linode system status and maintenance updates by visiting the [Linode Status page](https://status.linode.com/) and by [subscribing to Linode status updates](/docs/platform/linode-status-page/). +Now that you've learned the basics of using the Cloud Manager and working with your Linode, secure it and your Linode account from unauthorized access. See the following guides to begin: + +* [Securing Your Server](/docs/security/securing-your-server/) +* [Linode Manager Security Controls](/docs/security/linode-manager-security-controls-new-manager/)