diff --git a/ci/vale/dictionary.txt b/ci/vale/dictionary.txt index 5f95f13d8e2..48fe0c39db0 100644 --- a/ci/vale/dictionary.txt +++ b/ci/vale/dictionary.txt @@ -1186,6 +1186,7 @@ shortname shoutcast sidekiq sievers +signup sintra sitename slackpkg diff --git a/docs/applications/configuration-management/create-a-nodebalancer-with-terraform/index.md b/docs/applications/configuration-management/create-a-nodebalancer-with-terraform/index.md index e0355301e8c..1fdd1560856 100644 --- a/docs/applications/configuration-management/create-a-nodebalancer-with-terraform/index.md +++ b/docs/applications/configuration-management/create-a-nodebalancer-with-terraform/index.md @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ external_resources: Terraform allows you to represent Infrastructure as Code (IaC). You can use it to manage infrastructure, speed up deployments, and share your infrastructure's configuration files within a team. In this guide you will use Terraform to create a NodeBalancer that distributes traffic between two Linodes. {{< caution >}} -The configurations and commands used in this guide will result in multiple billable resources being added to your account. Be sure to monitor your account closely in the Linode Manager to avoid unwanted charges. See the [Billings and Payments](/docs/platform/billing-and-support/billing-and-payments-new-manager/) guide for more details. +The configurations and commands used in this guide will result in multiple billable resources being added to your account. Be sure to monitor your account closely in the Linode Cloud Manager to avoid unwanted charges. See the [Billings and Payments](/docs/platform/billing-and-support/billing-and-payments-new-manager/) guide for more details. If you would like to stop billing for the resources created in this guide, [remove them](#optional-remove-the-nodebalancer-resources) when you have finished your work. {{< /caution >}} diff --git a/docs/applications/remote-desktop/run-graphic-software-on-your-linode-with-xforwarding-on-ubuntu-12-04/index.md b/docs/applications/remote-desktop/run-graphic-software-on-your-linode-with-xforwarding-on-ubuntu-12-04/index.md index ac47ae798c5..a2e5065d63e 100644 --- a/docs/applications/remote-desktop/run-graphic-software-on-your-linode-with-xforwarding-on-ubuntu-12-04/index.md +++ b/docs/applications/remote-desktop/run-graphic-software-on-your-linode-with-xforwarding-on-ubuntu-12-04/index.md @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ author: description: Forward the X11 Server Through SSH to Run GUI Applications from Your Linode keywords: ["x11", "x-forwarding", "ssh", "x over ssh", "ubuntu", " ubuntu 12.04"] license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)' -aliases: ['remote-desktops/x-forwarding-ubuntu-12-04/','applications/remote-desktop./running-graphic-software-on-your-linode-with-xforwarding-on-ubuntu-12-04'] +aliases: ['remote-desktops/x-forwarding-ubuntu-12-04/','applications/remote-desktop/running-graphic-software-on-your-linode-with-xforwarding-on-ubuntu-12-04'] modified: 2014-04-25 modified_by: name: Alex Fornuto diff --git a/docs/getting-started/1710-remote_access_ips.png b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/1710-remote_access_ips.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/1710-remote_access_ips.png rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/1710-remote_access_ips.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started/1711-remote_access_ips_small.png b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/1711-remote_access_ips_small.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/1711-remote_access_ips_small.png rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/1711-remote_access_ips_small.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started/boot-new-linode.gif b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/boot-new-linode.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/boot-new-linode.gif rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/boot-new-linode.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started/deploy-an-image.gif b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/deploy-an-image.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/deploy-an-image.gif rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/deploy-an-image.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started.jpg b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/getting-started.jpg similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started.jpg rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/getting-started.jpg diff --git a/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/index.md b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/index.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..70e3b8acc5c --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,324 @@ +--- +author: + name: Linode + email: docs@linode.com +keywords: ["getting started", "intro", "basics", "first steps"] +description: 'This guide will help you set up your first Linode.' +og_description: "Learn how to create an account, boot your first Linode, and connect via SSH with our Getting Started guide." +license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)' +modified: 2018-10-19 +modified_by: + name: Linode +published: 2009-07-19 +title: Getting Started with Linode +show_on_rss_feed: false +hiddenguide: true +cloud_manager_link: getting-started/ +--- + +![Getting Started with Linode](getting-started.jpg "Getting Started with Linode") + +## Welcome to Linode! + +Thank you for choosing Linode as your cloud hosting provider! This guide will help you sign up for an account, set up a Linux distribution, boot your Linode, and perform some basic system administration tasks. + +If you've already created an account and booted your Linode, skip ahead to [Connect to Your Linode via SSH](#connect-to-your-linode-via-ssh). + + + +## Sign Up + +If you haven't already signed up for a Linode account, start here. + +1. Create a new account at the [Sign Up page](https://login.linode.com/signup). +2. Sign in and enter your billing and account information. Most accounts are activated instantly, but some require manual review prior to activation. If your account is not immediately activated, you will receive an email with additional instructions. +3. Select a Linode plan and data center location: + + ![Available Linode plans](linode-manager-select-plan.png) + +If you're not sure which data center to select, use our [speed test](http://www.linode.com/speedtest) to determine which location provides the best performance for your target audience. You can also generate [MTR reports](/docs/networking/diagnostics/diagnosing-network-issues-with-mtr/) for each of the data centers to determine which of our facilities provides the best latency from your particular location. + +## Provision Your Linode + +After your Linode is created, prepare it for operation by setting up a Linux distribution. + +### Log In to the Linode Manager + +The [Linode Manager](https://manager.linode.com) is a web-based control panel that allows you to manage your Linode virtual servers and services. Log in with the username and password you created when you signed up. After you've created your first Linode, you can use the Linode Manager to: + +* Boot and shut down your virtual server, +* Access monitoring statistics, +* Update your [billing and account information](/docs/platform/manager/accounts-and-passwords/), +* Request support and perform other administrative tasks. + +### Deploy an Image + +![How to Deploy an Image](deploy-an-image.gif "Animation shows how to use the Linode Manager to deploy a Linux image.") + +Once you've created a new Linode, click the name or **Dashboard** to open the Linode Manager Dashboard. + +1. Click on **Deploy an Image** to reach the *Deploy* page. + +2. Select a Linux distribution from the **Image** menu. You can choose from: + + * [Arch Linux](http://www.archlinux.org/) + * [CentOS](http://www.centos.org/) + * [CoreOS](https://coreos.com/) + * [Debian](http://www.debian.org/) + * [Fedora](http://fedoraproject.org/) + * [Gentoo](http://www.gentoo.org/) + * [openSUSE](http://www.opensuse.org/) + * [Slackware](http://www.slackware.com/) + * [Ubuntu](http://www.ubuntu.com/) + + If you're new to the Linux operating system, consider selecting Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. Ubuntu is the most popular distribution among Linode customers and one of the most well-supported by online communities, so resolving any issues you may have should be simple. + +3. Enter a size for the disk in the **Deployment Disk Size** field. By default all of the available space is allocated, but you can set a lower size if you plan on cloning a disk or creating multiple configuration profiles. You can always create, resize, and delete disks later. + +4. Select a swap disk size from the **Swap Disk** menu. + +5. Enter a root password for your Linode in the **Root Password** field. This password must be provided when you log in to your Linode via SSH. It must be at least 6 characters long and contain characters from two of the following categories: + + - lowercase and uppercase case letters + - numbers + - punctuation characters + +6. Click **Deploy**. The Dashboard's Host Job Queue area will report the deployment progress in real time. + + {{< note >}} +Use a [StackScript](http://www.linode.com/stackscripts) to quickly deploy software platforms and system configuration options to your Linux distribution. Some of the most popular StackScripts do things like install the Apache web server, configure a firewall, and set up the WordPress content management system. +{{< /note >}} + +## Boot Your Linode + +Your Linode is now provisioned with the distro of your choice but it's turned off, as indicated in the Dashboard. + +![Boot the Linode](boot-new-linode.gif "Click the Boot button, then OK in the dialog box.") + +1. Click **Boot** to turn on your Linode. + +2. When booted, the **Server Status** will change from **Powered Off** to **Running** and there will be a successfully completed **System Boot** job in the **Host Job Queue**. + +## Connect to Your Linode via SSH + +Communicating with your Linode is usually done using the secure shell (SSH) protocol. SSH encrypts all of the data transferred between the SSH client application on your computer and the Linode, including passwords and other sensitive information. There are SSH clients available for every operating system. + +### SSH Overview + +- **Linux:** You can use a terminal window, regardless of desktop environment or window manager. +- **Mac:** The *Terminal* application comes pre-installed with OS X and can be launched from *Applications* > *Utilities*. + + + +- **Windows:** There is no native SSH client, but you can use a free, open source application called [PuTTY](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). + + + +### Find your Linode's IP Address + +Your Linode has a unique **IP address** that identifies it to other devices and users on the internet. + +Find your Linode's IP address from the [Linode Manager](https://manager.linode.com). + +1. Click the **Linodes** tab. +2. Select your Linode. +3. Click the **Remote Access** tab. +4. Copy the addresses in the Public IPs section. + + [![Public IPs.](1711-remote_access_ips_small.png)](1710-remote_access_ips.png) + +In this example, the Linode's IPv4 address is *96.126.109.54* and its IPv6 address is *2600:3c03::f03c:91ff:fe70:cabd*. Unless your internet service provider supports IPv6, use the IPv4 address. + +### Log In + +Once you have the IP address and an SSH client, you can log in via SSH. The following instructions are written for Linux and Mac OS X. If you're using PuTTY as your SSH client in Windows, follow [these instructions](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). + +![Copy SSH Command with IP and Log in](ssh-to-a-linode.gif "Go to the Remote Access tab and copy the SSH command, then paste it into a terminal.") + +1. Enter the following into your terminal window or application. Replace the example IP address with your Linode's IP address: + + ssh root@198.51.100.4 + +2. If this is the first time connecting to your Linode, you'll see the authenticity warning below. This is because your SSH client has never encountered the server's key fingerprint before. Type `yes` and press **Enter** to continue connecting. + + {{< output >}} +The authenticity of host '198.51.100.4 (198.51.100.4)' can't be established. +RSA key fingerprint is 11:eb:57:f3:a5:c3:e0:77:47:c4:15:3a:3c:df:6c:d2. +Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? +{{< /output >}} + + After you enter `yes`, the client confirms the addition: + + {{< output >}} +Warning: Permanently added '198.51.100.4' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. +{{< /output >}} + +3. The login prompt appears for you to enter the password you created for the `root` user above. + + {{< output >}} +root@198.51.100.4's password: +{{< /output >}} + +4. The SSH client initiates the connection. When the connection is completed the following prompt appears: + + {{< output >}} +root@li123-456:~# +{{< /output >}} + + {{< note >}} +If you recently rebuilt an existing Linode, you might receive an error message when you try to +reconnect via SSH. SSH clients try to match the remote host with the known keys on your desktop computer, so when you rebuild your Linode, the remote host key changes. + +To reconnect via SSH, revoke the key for that IP address. + +For Linux and Mac OS X: + + ssh-keygen -R 198.51.100.4 + +For Windows, PuTTY users must remove the old host IP addresses manually. PuTTY's known hosts are in the registry entry: + + HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\SshHostKeys +{{< /note >}} + +## Install Software Updates + +The first thing you should do after connecting to your Linode is update the Linux distribution's software. This applies the latest security patches and bug fixes to help protect your Linode against unauthorized access. + +Installing software updates should be performed regularly. + +### Ubuntu / Debian + + apt-get update && apt-get upgrade + +{{< note >}} +Ubuntu may prompt you when the Grub package is updated. If prompted, select `keep the local version currently installed`. +{{< /note >}} + +### CentOS + + yum update + +### Fedora + + dnf upgrade + +### Arch Linux + + pacman -Syu + +### Gentoo + + emaint sync -a + +After running a sync, it may end with a message that you should upgrade Portage using a `--oneshot` emerge command. If so, run the Portage update. Then update the rest of the system: + + emerge --uDN @world + +### Slackware + + slackpkg update + slackpkg upgrade-all + +## Set the Hostname + +A hostname is used to identify your device in an easy-to-remember format. The hostname is stored in the `/etc/hostname` file. Your system's hostname should be something unique. Some people name their servers after planets, philosophers, or animals. Note that the hostname has no relationship to websites or email services hosted on it, aside from providing a name for the system itself. Your hostname should *not* be "www" or anything too generic. If you want to assign your system a fully qualified domain name, see our guide on using your system's [hosts file](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/). + +Once you're done, you can verify by running the command `hostname`. + +### Arch / CentOS 7 / Debian 8 / Fedora / Ubuntu 16.04 and above + +Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. + + hostnamectl set-hostname example_hostname + +### Debian 7 / Slackware / Ubuntu 14.04 + +Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. + + echo "example_hostname" > /etc/hostname + hostname -F /etc/hostname + +### CentOS 6 + +Replace `hostname` with one of your choice. + + echo "HOSTNAME=example_hostname" >> /etc/sysconfig/network + hostname "hostname" + +### Gentoo + +Enter the following commands to set the hostname, replacing `example_hostname` with the hostname of your choice: + + echo "HOSTNAME=\"example_hostname\"" > /etc/conf.d/hostname + /etc/init.d/hostname restart + +### Update /etc/hosts + +The `hosts` file, located at `/etc/hosts`, creates static associations between IP addresses and hostnames, with higher priority than DNS. Open this file in a text editor and add a line for your Linode's public IP address. You can associate this address with your Linode's **Fully Qualified Domain Name** (FQDN) if you have one, and with the local hostname you set in the steps above. In the example below, `203.0.113.10` is the public IP address, `hostname` is the local hostname, and `hostname.example.com` is the FQDN. + + {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} +127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost +203.0.113.10 hostname.example.com hostname +{{< /file >}} + +If you have IPv6 enabled on your Linode, you may also want to add an entry for your IPv6 address: + + {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} +127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost +203.0.113.10 hostname.example.com hostname +2600:3c01::a123:b456:c789:d012 hostname.example.com hostname +{{< /file >}} + +The value you assign as your system's FQDN should have an "A" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv4 address. For Linodes with IPv6 enabled, you should also set up an "AAAA" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv6 address. For more information on configuring DNS, see [Adding DNS Records](/docs/websites/hosting-a-website/#add-dns-records). + +For more information about the `hosts` file and how to configure it, see [Using your System's hosts File](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/) + +## Set the Timezone + +By default, your Linode will be set to UTC time. You may want to change this to the timezone you live in, or where a majority of your users live, to make log file timestamps more sensible. + +### Debian / Ubuntu + + dpkg-reconfigure tzdata + +### Arch Linux / CentOS 7 / Fedora + +1. View a list of available time zones: + + timedatectl list-timezones + +2. Use the `Up`, `Down`, `Page Up` and `Page Down` keys to navigate. Find the time zone you want. Remember it, write it down, or copy it as a mouse selection. Then press **q** to exit the list. + +3. Set the time zone: + + timedatectl set-timezone 'America/New_York' + +### Gentoo + +1. View a list of available time zones: + + ls /usr/share/zoneinfo + +2. Write the selected time zone to the `/etc/timezone` file: + + echo "EST" > /etc/timezone + +3. Configure the `sys-libs/timezone-data` package, which will set `/etc/localtime` appropriately: + + emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data + +### Check the Time + +View the current date and time according to your server. + + date + + {{< output >}} +Thu Feb 16 12:17:52 EST 2018 +{{< /output >}} + +## Next Steps + +Now that you have an up-to-date Linode, secure your server and your Linode Manager from unauthorized access. Read the [Securing Your Server](/docs/security/securing-your-server/) guide and the [Linode Manager Security Controls](/docs/security/linode-manager-security-controls/) guide to get you going. Make sure you follow Linode system status and maintenance updates by visiting the [Linode Status page](https://status.linode.com/) and by [subscribing to Linode status updates](/docs/platform/linode-status-page/). diff --git a/docs/getting-started/linode-manager-select-plan.png b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/linode-manager-select-plan.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/linode-manager-select-plan.png rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/linode-manager-select-plan.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started/ssh-to-a-linode.gif b/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/ssh-to-a-linode.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started/ssh-to-a-linode.gif rename to docs/getting-started-classic-manager/ssh-to-a-linode.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/index.md b/docs/getting-started-new-manager/index.md deleted file mode 100644 index ea90b2093aa..00000000000 --- a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/index.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,338 +0,0 @@ ---- -author: - name: Linode - email: docs@linode.com -keywords: ["getting started", "intro", "basics", "first steps"] -description: 'This guide will help you set up your first Linode.' -og_description: "Learn how to create an account, boot your first Linode, and connect via SSH with our Getting Started guide." -license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)' -modified: 2018-11-05 -modified_by: - name: Linode -published: 2018-11-05 -title: Getting Started with Linode -show_on_frontpage: false -title_short: "Getting Started" -type: "guide" -weight: 10 -icon: "book" -show_on_rss_feed: false -hiddenguide: true ---- - -![Getting Started with Linode](getting-started.jpg "Getting Started with Linode") - -## Welcome to Linode! - -Thank you for choosing Linode as your cloud hosting provider! This guide will help you sign up for an account and access Linode's [Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com), a browser-based control panel which allows you to manage your Linode virtual servers and services. - -From there you'll set up a Linux distribution, boot your Linode, and perform some basic system administration tasks. If you've already created an account and booted your Linode, skip ahead to [connecting to your Linode](#connect-to-your-linode-via-ssh) using SSH. - - - -## Sign Up - -If you haven't already signed up for a Linode account, start here. - -1. Create a new account at the [Sign Up page](https://manager.linode.com/signup). - -1. Sign in and enter your billing and account information. Most accounts are activated instantly, but some require manual review prior to activation. If your account is not immediately activated, you will receive an email with additional instructions. - -## Create a Linode - -![Create a Linode by selecting the image, the region, the plan, and creating a label and a password.](create-a-linode.gif) - -1. Log in to the [Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com) with the username and password you created when signing up. - -1. At the top of the page, click **Create** and select **Linode**. - -1. Select the image you would like to use. You can choose a standard Linux image from the list or you can select a previously created image from the *Images* menu item. - - {{< note >}} -Use a [StackScript](http://www.linode.com/stackscripts) to quickly deploy software platforms and system configuration options to your Linux distribution. Some of the most popular StackScripts do things like install a LAMP stack, VPN, or WordPress. -{{< /note >}} - -1. Choose the region where you would like your Linode to reside. If you're not sure which to select, see our [How to Choose a Data Center](/docs/platform/how-to-choose-a-data-center) guide. You can also generate [MTR reports](/docs/networking/diagnostics/diagnosing-network-issues-with-mtr/) for a deeper look at the route path between you and a data center in each specific region. - -1. Select a Linode plan. - -1. Give your Linode a label. This is a name to help you easily identify it within the Cloud Manager's Dashboard. If desired, assign a tag to the Linode in the **Add Tags** field. - -1. Create a strong password for your Linode. You will use this password to SSH into your Linode. - -1. Create a root password for your Linode in the **Root Password** field. This password must be provided when you log in to your Linode via SSH. It must be at least 6 characters long and contain characters from two of the following categories: - - - lowercase and uppercase case letters - - numbers - - punctuation characters - -1. Click **Create**. You will be directed back to the *Linodes* page which will report the status of your Linode as it boots up. You can now use the Cloud Manager to: - - * Boot and shut down your Linode - * Access [monitoring statistics](/docs/platform/longview/longview/) - * Update your [billing](/docs/platform/billing-and-support/billing-and-payments/) and [account](/docs/platform/manager/accounts-and-passwords/) information - * Add additional Linode services, like [Block Storage](/docs/platform/block-storage/how-to-use-block-storage-with-your-linode-new-manager/) - * Open a [support](/docs/platform/billing-and-support/support/) ticket and perform other administrative tasks - -1. Be sure to bookmark the [Linode Status page](https://status.linode.com/) or [subscribe](/docs/platform/linode-status-page/) to our system status updates by email. - -## Connect to Your Linode via SSH - -Communicating with your Linode is usually done using the secure shell (SSH) protocol. SSH encrypts all of the data transferred between the client application on your computer and the Linode, including passwords and other sensitive information. There are SSH clients available for every operating system. - -* **Linux:** You can use a terminal window, regardless of desktop environment or window manager. -* **macOS:** *Terminal.app* comes pre-installed and can be launched from Spotlight or Launchpad. - - - -* **Windows:** There is no native SSH client but you can use a free and open source application called [PuTTY](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). - - - -### Find your Linode's IP Address - -Your Linode has a unique IP address that identifies it to other devices and users on the internet. - -1. Click the **Linodes** menu item in the [Cloud Manager's](https://cloud.linode.com/) left hand navigation. - -1. Find your Linode, click on it's name and navigate to *Networking*. - -1. Your IPv4 and IPv6 addresses appear under the *IPv4* and *IPv6* sections. - - [![The Networking settings tab for your Linode](getting-started-networking-small.png)](getting-started-networking.png) - - You can also quickly reference your Linode's IP addresses from the **Linodes** page: - - ![IP address from the Linodes page](getting-started-quick-ip-address.png) - -### Log in Using SSH - -Once you have the IP address and an SSH client, you can log in via SSH. The following instructions are written for Linux and macOS. If you're using PuTTY on Windows, follow [these instructions](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). - -![Copy SSH Command with IP and Log in](getting-started-ssh.gif "Go to the Networking tab and copy the SSH command, then paste it into a terminal.") - -1. Enter the following into your terminal window or application. Replace the example IP address with your Linode's IP address: - - ssh root@198.51.100.4 - -1. If this is the first time connecting to your Linode, you'll see the authenticity warning below. This is because your SSH client has never encountered the server's key fingerprint before. Type `yes` and press **Enter** to continue connecting. - - {{< output >}} -The authenticity of host '198.51.100.4 (198.51.100.4)' can't be established. -RSA key fingerprint is 11:eb:57:f3:a5:c3:e0:77:47:c4:15:3a:3c:df:6c:d2. -Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? -{{< /output >}} - - After you enter `yes`, the client confirms the addition: - - {{< output >}} -Warning: Permanently added '198.51.100.4' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. -{{< /output >}} - -1. The login prompt appears for you to enter the password you created for the `root` user above. - - {{< output >}} -root@198.51.100.4's password: -{{< /output >}} - -1. The SSH client initiates the connection and then the following prompt appears: - - {{< output >}} -root@li123-456:~# -{{< /output >}} - - {{< note >}} -If you recently rebuilt an existing Linode, you might receive an error message when you try to -reconnect via SSH. SSH clients try to match the remote host with the known keys on your desktop computer, so when you rebuild your Linode, the remote host key changes. - -To reconnect via SSH, revoke the key for that IP address. - -For Linux and macOS: - - ssh-keygen -R 198.51.100.4 - -For Windows, PuTTY users must remove the old host IP addresses manually. PuTTY's known hosts are in the registry entry: - - HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\SshHostKeys -{{< /note >}} - -## Install Software Updates - -The first thing you should do after connecting to your Linode is update the Linux distribution's packages. This applies the latest security patches and bug fixes to help protect your Linode against unauthorized access. Installing software updates should be performed regularly. - -### Arch Linux - - pacman -Syu - -### CentOS - - yum update - -### Debian / Ubuntu - - apt-get update && apt-get upgrade - -{{< note >}} -You may be prompted to make a menu selection when the Grub package is updated on Ubuntu. If prompted, select `keep the local version currently installed`. -{{< /note >}} - -### Fedora - - dnf upgrade - -### Gentoo - - emaint sync -a - -After running a sync, it may end with a message that you should upgrade Portage using a `--oneshot` emerge command. If so, run the Portage update. Then update the rest of the system: - - emerge --uDN @world - -### OpenSUSE - - zypper update - -### Slackware - - slackpkg update - slackpkg upgrade-all - -## Set the Hostname - -A hostname is used to identify your Linode using an easy-to-remember name. Your Linode's hostname doesn't necessarily associate with websites or email services hosted on the system, but see our guide on using the[hosts file](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/)if you want to assign your Linode a fully qualified domain name. - - Your hostname should be something unique, and should not be *www* or anything too generic. Some people name their servers after planets, philosophers, or animals. After you've made the change below, you'll need to log out and back in again to see the terminal prompt change from `localhost` to your new hostname. The command `hostname` should also show it correctly. - -### Arch / CentOS 7 / Debian 8 / Fedora / Ubuntu 16.04 and above - -Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. - - hostnamectl set-hostname example_hostname - -### CentOS 6 - -Replace `hostname` with one of your choice. - - echo "HOSTNAME=example_hostname" >> /etc/sysconfig/network - hostname "hostname" - -### Debian 7 / Slackware / Ubuntu 14.04 - -Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. - - echo "example_hostname" > /etc/hostname - hostname -F /etc/hostname - -### Gentoo - -Enter the following commands to set the hostname, replacing `example_hostname` with the hostname of your choice: - - echo "HOSTNAME=\"example_hostname\"" > /etc/conf.d/hostname - /etc/init.d/hostname restart - -### OpenSUSE - -Replace `example-hostname` with one of your choice. - - hostname example-hostname - - -### Update Your System's hosts File - -The `hosts` file creates static associations between IP addresses and hostnames or domains which the system prioritizes before DNS for name resolution. Open this file in a text editor and add a line for your Linode's public IP address. You can associate this address with your Linode's **Fully Qualified Domain Name** (FQDN) if you have one, and with the local hostname you set in the steps above. In the example below, `203.0.113.10` is the public IP address, `hostname` is the local hostname, and `hostname.example.com` is the FQDN. - - {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} -127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost -203.0.113.10 hostname.example.com hostname -{{< /file >}} - -You may also want to add an entry for your Linode's IPv6 address: - - {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} -127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost -203.0.113.10 hostname.example.com hostname -2600:3c01::a123:b456:c789:d012 hostname.example.com hostname -{{< /file >}} - -The value you assign as your system's FQDN should have an "A" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv4 address. For IPv6, you should also set up a DNS "AAAA" record pointing to your Linode's IPv6 address. - -See our guide to [Adding DNS Records](/docs/websites/hosting-a-website/#add-dns-records) for more information on configuring DNS. For more information about the `hosts` file, see [Using your System's hosts File](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/) - -## Set the Timezone - -All new Linodes will be set to UTC time by default. However, you may prefer your Linode use the time zone which you live in so log file timestamps are relative to your local time. - -### Arch Linux / CentOS 7 / Fedora - -1. View all available time zones: - - timedatectl list-timezones - -1. Use the `Up`, `Down`, `Page Up` and `Page Down` keys to navigate. Copy the time zone you want as a mouse selection. Then press **q** to exit the list. - -1. Set the time zone (for example, `America/New_York`): - - timedatectl set-timezone 'America/New_York' - -### Debian / Ubuntu - -1. Though newer versions of Debian and Ubuntu use systemd with `timedatectl`, the recommended method to change timezones for these distributions is to use `tzdata`. It can be called using `dpkg`: - - dpkg-reconfigure tzdata - -1. Arrow up or down to the continent of your choice and press **Enter**. Then do the same for the region. - -### Gentoo - -1. View a list of available time zones: - - ls /usr/share/zoneinfo - -1. Write the selected time zone to `/etc/timezone` (for example, EST for Eastern Standard Time): - - echo "EST" > /etc/timezone - -1. Configure the `sys-libs/timezone-data` package, which will set `/etc/localtime` appropriately: - - emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data - -### OpenSUSE - -1. View a list of available time zones: - - yast2 timezone - -1. Arrow up or down to the *Region* of your choice and press **Enter**. - -1. Press **Option+Z** (on a macOS) or **ALT+Z** (on Windows/Linux) to select the *Time Zone*. - -1. Use arrow up or down to move through the list of time zones. Press **Enter** to make your selection. - -1. Press **F10** when done. - -### Slackware - -1. Call the `timeconfig` tool in a terminal: - - timeconfig - -1. Select `NO Hardware clock is set to local time`. -1. Select a timezone. - -### Check the Time - -Use the `date` command to view the current date and time according to your server. - -{{< output >}} -root@localhost:~# date -Thu Feb 16 12:17:52 EST 2018 -{{< /output >}} - -## Next Steps - -Now that you've learned the basics of using the Cloud Manager and working with your Linode, secure it and your Linode account from unauthorized access. See the following guides to begin: - -* [Securing Your Server](/docs/security/securing-your-server/) -* [Linode Manager Security Controls](/docs/security/linode-manager-security-controls/) diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/create-a-linode.gif b/docs/getting-started/create-a-linode.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/create-a-linode.gif rename to docs/getting-started/create-a-linode.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-add-linode.gif b/docs/getting-started/getting-started-add-linode.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-add-linode.gif rename to docs/getting-started/getting-started-add-linode.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-networking-small.png b/docs/getting-started/getting-started-networking-small.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-networking-small.png rename to docs/getting-started/getting-started-networking-small.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-networking.png b/docs/getting-started/getting-started-networking.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-networking.png rename to docs/getting-started/getting-started-networking.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-quick-ip-address.png b/docs/getting-started/getting-started-quick-ip-address.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-quick-ip-address.png rename to docs/getting-started/getting-started-quick-ip-address.png diff --git a/docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-ssh.gif b/docs/getting-started/getting-started-ssh.gif similarity index 100% rename from docs/getting-started-new-manager/getting-started-ssh.gif rename to docs/getting-started/getting-started-ssh.gif diff --git a/docs/getting-started/getting-started.gif b/docs/getting-started/getting-started.gif new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..711e1512d25 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/getting-started/getting-started.gif differ diff --git a/docs/getting-started/index.md b/docs/getting-started/index.md index ba3ed0ef49d..4ac16689740 100644 --- a/docs/getting-started/index.md +++ b/docs/getting-started/index.md @@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ keywords: ["getting started", "intro", "basics", "first steps"] description: 'This guide will help you set up your first Linode.' og_description: "Learn how to create an account, boot your first Linode, and connect via SSH with our Getting Started guide." license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)' -modified: 2018-10-19 +aliases: ['getting-started-new-manager/'] +modified: 2019-03-05 modified_by: name: Linode -published: 2009-07-19 +published: 2018-11-05 title: Getting Started with Linode show_on_frontpage: true title_short: "Getting Started" @@ -17,16 +18,19 @@ type: "guide" weight: 10 icon: "book" show_on_rss_feed: false -cloud_manager_link: getting-started-new-manager --- ![Getting Started with Linode](getting-started.jpg "Getting Started with Linode") ## Welcome to Linode! -Thank you for choosing Linode as your cloud hosting provider! This guide will help you sign up for an account, set up a Linux distribution, boot your Linode, and perform some basic system administration tasks. +Thank you for choosing Linode as your cloud hosting provider! This guide will help you sign up for an account and access Linode's [Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com), a browser-based control panel which allows you to manage your Linode virtual servers and services. -If you've already created an account and booted your Linode, skip ahead to [Connect to Your Linode via SSH](#connect-to-your-linode-via-ssh). +From there you'll set up a Linux distribution, boot your Linode, and perform some basic system administration tasks. If you've already created an account and booted your Linode, skip ahead to [connecting to your Linode](#connect-to-your-linode-via-ssh) using SSH. + +{{< note >}} +View the Linode Classic Manager version of the [Getting Started](/docs/getting-started-classic-manager/) guide. +{{}} +* **Linux:** You can use a terminal window, regardless of desktop environment or window manager. +* **macOS:** *Terminal.app* comes pre-installed and can be launched from Spotlight or Launchpad. -- **Windows:** There is no native SSH client, but you can use a free, open source application called [PuTTY](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). +* **Windows:** There is no native SSH client but you can use a free and open source application called [PuTTY](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). ### Find your Linode's IP Address -Your Linode has a unique **IP address** that identifies it to other devices and users on the internet. +Your Linode has a unique IP address that identifies it to other devices and users on the internet. + +1. Click the **Linodes** menu item in the [Cloud Manager's](https://cloud.linode.com/) left hand navigation. + +1. Find your Linode, click on it's name and navigate to *Networking*. -Find your Linode's IP address from the [Linode Manager](https://manager.linode.com). +1. Your IPv4 and IPv6 addresses appear under the *IPv4* and *IPv6* sections. -1. Click the **Linodes** tab. -2. Select your Linode. -3. Click the **Remote Access** tab. -4. Copy the addresses in the Public IPs section. + [![The Networking settings tab for your Linode](getting-started-networking-small.png)](getting-started-networking.png) - [![Public IPs.](1711-remote_access_ips_small.png)](1710-remote_access_ips.png) + You can also quickly reference your Linode's IP addresses from the **Linodes** page: -In this example, the Linode's IPv4 address is *96.126.109.54* and its IPv6 address is *2600:3c03::f03c:91ff:fe70:cabd*. Unless your internet service provider supports IPv6, use the IPv4 address. + ![IP address from the Linodes page](getting-started-quick-ip-address.png) -### Log In +### Log in Using SSH -Once you have the IP address and an SSH client, you can log in via SSH. The following instructions are written for Linux and Mac OS X. If you're using PuTTY as your SSH client in Windows, follow [these instructions](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). +Once you have the IP address and an SSH client, you can log in via SSH. The following instructions are written for Linux and macOS. If you're using PuTTY on Windows, follow [these instructions](/docs/networking/ssh/ssh-connections-using-putty-on-windows/). -![Copy SSH Command with IP and Log in](ssh-to-a-linode.gif "Go to the Remote Access tab and copy the SSH command, then paste it into a terminal.") +![Copy SSH Command with IP and Log in](getting-started-ssh.gif "Go to the Networking tab and copy the SSH command, then paste it into a terminal.") 1. Enter the following into your terminal window or application. Replace the example IP address with your Linode's IP address: ssh root@198.51.100.4 -2. If this is the first time connecting to your Linode, you'll see the authenticity warning below. This is because your SSH client has never encountered the server's key fingerprint before. Type `yes` and press **Enter** to continue connecting. +1. If this is the first time connecting to your Linode, you'll see the authenticity warning below. This is because your SSH client has never encountered the server's key fingerprint before. Type `yes` and press **Enter** to continue connecting. {{< output >}} The authenticity of host '198.51.100.4 (198.51.100.4)' can't be established. @@ -159,13 +135,13 @@ Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Warning: Permanently added '198.51.100.4' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. {{< /output >}} -3. The login prompt appears for you to enter the password you created for the `root` user above. +1. The login prompt appears for you to enter the password you created for the `root` user above. {{< output >}} root@198.51.100.4's password: {{< /output >}} -4. The SSH client initiates the connection. When the connection is completed the following prompt appears: +1. The SSH client initiates the connection and then the following prompt appears: {{< output >}} root@li123-456:~# @@ -177,7 +153,7 @@ reconnect via SSH. SSH clients try to match the remote host with the known keys To reconnect via SSH, revoke the key for that IP address. -For Linux and Mac OS X: +For Linux and macOS: ssh-keygen -R 198.51.100.4 @@ -188,30 +164,28 @@ For Windows, PuTTY users must remove the old host IP addresses manually. PuTTY's ## Install Software Updates -The first thing you should do after connecting to your Linode is update the Linux distribution's software. This applies the latest security patches and bug fixes to help protect your Linode against unauthorized access. +The first thing you should do after connecting to your Linode is update the Linux distribution's packages. This applies the latest security patches and bug fixes to help protect your Linode against unauthorized access. Installing software updates should be performed regularly. -Installing software updates should be performed regularly. +### Arch Linux -### Ubuntu / Debian + pacman -Syu + +### CentOS + + yum update + +### Debian / Ubuntu apt-get update && apt-get upgrade {{< note >}} -Ubuntu may prompt you when the Grub package is updated. If prompted, select `keep the local version currently installed`. +You may be prompted to make a menu selection when the Grub package is updated on Ubuntu. If prompted, select `keep the local version currently installed`. {{< /note >}} -### CentOS - - yum update - ### Fedora dnf upgrade -### Arch Linux - - pacman -Syu - ### Gentoo emaint sync -a @@ -220,6 +194,10 @@ After running a sync, it may end with a message that you should upgrade Portage emerge --uDN @world +### OpenSUSE + + zypper update + ### Slackware slackpkg update @@ -227,9 +205,9 @@ After running a sync, it may end with a message that you should upgrade Portage ## Set the Hostname -A hostname is used to identify your device in an easy-to-remember format. The hostname is stored in the `/etc/hostname` file. Your system's hostname should be something unique. Some people name their servers after planets, philosophers, or animals. Note that the hostname has no relationship to websites or email services hosted on it, aside from providing a name for the system itself. Your hostname should *not* be "www" or anything too generic. If you want to assign your system a fully qualified domain name, see our guide on using your system's [hosts file](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/). +A hostname is used to identify your Linode using an easy-to-remember name. Your Linode's hostname doesn't necessarily associate with websites or email services hosted on the system, but see our guide on using the[hosts file](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/)if you want to assign your Linode a fully qualified domain name. -Once you're done, you can verify by running the command `hostname`. + Your hostname should be something unique, and should not be *www* or anything too generic. Some people name their servers after planets, philosophers, or animals. After you've made the change below, you'll need to log out and back in again to see the terminal prompt change from `localhost` to your new hostname. The command `hostname` should also show it correctly. ### Arch / CentOS 7 / Debian 8 / Fedora / Ubuntu 16.04 and above @@ -237,13 +215,6 @@ Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. hostnamectl set-hostname example_hostname -### Debian 7 / Slackware / Ubuntu 14.04 - -Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. - - echo "example_hostname" > /etc/hostname - hostname -F /etc/hostname - ### CentOS 6 Replace `hostname` with one of your choice. @@ -251,6 +222,13 @@ Replace `hostname` with one of your choice. echo "HOSTNAME=example_hostname" >> /etc/sysconfig/network hostname "hostname" +### Debian 7 / Slackware / Ubuntu 14.04 + +Replace `example_hostname` with one of your choice. + + echo "example_hostname" > /etc/hostname + hostname -F /etc/hostname + ### Gentoo Enter the following commands to set the hostname, replacing `example_hostname` with the hostname of your choice: @@ -258,16 +236,23 @@ Enter the following commands to set the hostname, replacing `example_hostname` w echo "HOSTNAME=\"example_hostname\"" > /etc/conf.d/hostname /etc/init.d/hostname restart -### Update /etc/hosts +### OpenSUSE + +Replace `example-hostname` with one of your choice. + + hostname example-hostname + + +### Update Your System's hosts File -The `hosts` file, located at `/etc/hosts`, creates static associations between IP addresses and hostnames, with higher priority than DNS. Open this file in a text editor and add a line for your Linode's public IP address. You can associate this address with your Linode's **Fully Qualified Domain Name** (FQDN) if you have one, and with the local hostname you set in the steps above. In the example below, `203.0.113.10` is the public IP address, `hostname` is the local hostname, and `hostname.example.com` is the FQDN. +The `hosts` file creates static associations between IP addresses and hostnames or domains which the system prioritizes before DNS for name resolution. Open this file in a text editor and add a line for your Linode's public IP address. You can associate this address with your Linode's **Fully Qualified Domain Name** (FQDN) if you have one, and with the local hostname you set in the steps above. In the example below, `203.0.113.10` is the public IP address, `hostname` is the local hostname, and `hostname.example.com` is the FQDN. {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 203.0.113.10 hostname.example.com hostname {{< /file >}} -If you have IPv6 enabled on your Linode, you may also want to add an entry for your IPv6 address: +You may also want to add an entry for your Linode's IPv6 address: {{< file "/etc/hosts" conf >}} 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost @@ -275,54 +260,83 @@ If you have IPv6 enabled on your Linode, you may also want to add an entry for y 2600:3c01::a123:b456:c789:d012 hostname.example.com hostname {{< /file >}} -The value you assign as your system's FQDN should have an "A" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv4 address. For Linodes with IPv6 enabled, you should also set up an "AAAA" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv6 address. For more information on configuring DNS, see [Adding DNS Records](/docs/websites/hosting-a-website/#add-dns-records). +The value you assign as your system's FQDN should have an "A" record in DNS pointing to your Linode's IPv4 address. For IPv6, you should also set up a DNS "AAAA" record pointing to your Linode's IPv6 address. -For more information about the `hosts` file and how to configure it, see [Using your System's hosts File](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/) +See our guide to [Adding DNS Records](/docs/websites/hosting-a-website/#add-dns-records) for more information on configuring DNS. For more information about the `hosts` file, see [Using your System's hosts File](/docs/networking/dns/using-your-systems-hosts-file/) ## Set the Timezone -By default, your Linode will be set to UTC time. You may want to change this to the timezone you live in, or where a majority of your users live, to make log file timestamps more sensible. - -### Debian / Ubuntu - - dpkg-reconfigure tzdata +All new Linodes will be set to UTC time by default. However, you may prefer your Linode use the time zone which you live in so log file timestamps are relative to your local time. ### Arch Linux / CentOS 7 / Fedora -1. View a list of available time zones: +1. View all available time zones: timedatectl list-timezones -2. Use the `Up`, `Down`, `Page Up` and `Page Down` keys to navigate. Find the time zone you want. Remember it, write it down, or copy it as a mouse selection. Then press **q** to exit the list. +1. Use the `Up`, `Down`, `Page Up` and `Page Down` keys to navigate. Copy the time zone you want as a mouse selection. Then press **q** to exit the list. -3. Set the time zone: +1. Set the time zone (for example, `America/New_York`): timedatectl set-timezone 'America/New_York' +### Debian / Ubuntu + +1. Though newer versions of Debian and Ubuntu use systemd with `timedatectl`, the recommended method to change timezones for these distributions is to use `tzdata`. It can be called using `dpkg`: + + dpkg-reconfigure tzdata + +1. Arrow up or down to the continent of your choice and press **Enter**. Then do the same for the region. + ### Gentoo 1. View a list of available time zones: ls /usr/share/zoneinfo -2. Write the selected time zone to the `/etc/timezone` file: +1. Write the selected time zone to `/etc/timezone` (for example, EST for Eastern Standard Time): echo "EST" > /etc/timezone -3. Configure the `sys-libs/timezone-data` package, which will set `/etc/localtime` appropriately: +1. Configure the `sys-libs/timezone-data` package, which will set `/etc/localtime` appropriately: emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data -### Check the Time +### OpenSUSE + +1. View a list of available time zones: + + yast2 timezone + +1. Arrow up or down to the *Region* of your choice and press **Enter**. + +1. Press **Option+Z** (on a macOS) or **ALT+Z** (on Windows/Linux) to select the *Time Zone*. -View the current date and time according to your server. +1. Use arrow up or down to move through the list of time zones. Press **Enter** to make your selection. - date +1. Press **F10** when done. - {{< output >}} +### Slackware + +1. Call the `timeconfig` tool in a terminal: + + timeconfig + +1. Select `NO Hardware clock is set to local time`. +1. Select a timezone. + +### Check the Time + +Use the `date` command to view the current date and time according to your server. + +{{< output >}} +root@localhost:~# date Thu Feb 16 12:17:52 EST 2018 {{< /output >}} ## Next Steps -Now that you have an up-to-date Linode, secure your server and your Linode Manager from unauthorized access. Read the [Securing Your Server](/docs/security/securing-your-server/) guide and the [Linode Manager Security Controls](/docs/security/linode-manager-security-controls/) guide to get you going. Make sure you follow Linode system status and maintenance updates by visiting the [Linode Status page](https://status.linode.com/) and by [subscribing to Linode status updates](/docs/platform/linode-status-page/). +Now that you've learned the basics of using the Cloud Manager and working with your Linode, secure it and your Linode account from unauthorized access. See the following guides to begin: + +* [Securing Your Server](/docs/security/securing-your-server/) +* [Linode Manager Security Controls](/docs/security/linode-manager-security-controls-new-manager/) diff --git a/docs/networking/diagnostics/diagnosing-network-issues-with-mtr/index.md b/docs/networking/diagnostics/diagnosing-network-issues-with-mtr/index.md index 874aa41c4b0..7220ab8b041 100644 --- a/docs/networking/diagnostics/diagnosing-network-issues-with-mtr/index.md +++ b/docs/networking/diagnostics/diagnosing-network-issues-with-mtr/index.md @@ -348,12 +348,14 @@ Timeouts are not necessarily an indication of packet loss. Packets still reach t ## Advanced MTR techniques -Newer versions of MTR are capable of running in TCP mode on a specified TCP port, instead of the ICMP (ping) protocol. In some instances network degradation will only affect certain ports or misconfigured firewall rules on a router may block a certain protocol. Running MTR over a certain port can show packet loss where the default ICMP report may not. +Newer versions of MTR are now capable of running in TCP mode on a specified TCP port, compared to the default use of the ICMP (ping) protocol. However, in most cases **this mode shouldn't be used** as TCP reports can be misleading in diagnosing inter-route issues. A TCP MTR will use SYN packets in place of ICMP pings, and most internet-level routers will not respond to these, erroneously indicating loss. -Running MTR in TCP mode will require sudo privileges on most machines: +What a TCP test is useful for is determining whether firewall rules on a router somewhere are blocking a protocol or port, perhaps because port forwarding has not been configured properly. Running a TCP test over a certain port could more clearly reveal this whereas an ICMP test may not. - sudo mtr -P 80 -i 0.5 -rwc 50 example.com - sudo mtr -P 22 -i 0.5 -rwc 50 example.com +Running MTR in TCP mode will require super-user privileges on most machines: + + sudo mtr --tcp --port 80 --report --report-cycles 10 speedtest.dallas.linode.com + sudo mtr --tcp --port 22 --report --report-cycles 10 50.116.25.154 ## Resolve Routing and Networking Issues Identified in your MTR report diff --git a/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/1706-ptr_lookup_marked.png b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/1706-ptr_lookup_marked.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/1706-ptr_lookup_marked.png rename to docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/1706-ptr_lookup_marked.png diff --git a/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/1707-ptr_lookup_match_found.png b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/1707-ptr_lookup_match_found.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/1707-ptr_lookup_match_found.png rename to docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/1707-ptr_lookup_match_found.png diff --git a/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/1709-remoteaccess_reversedns.png b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/1709-remoteaccess_reversedns.png similarity index 100% rename from docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/1709-remoteaccess_reversedns.png rename to docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/1709-remoteaccess_reversedns.png diff --git a/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/configure-your-linode-reverse-dns.jpg b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/configure-your-linode-reverse-dns.jpg new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..f18755438a2 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/configure-your-linode-reverse-dns.jpg differ diff --git a/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/index.md b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/index.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7fc3920ac60 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +--- +author: + name: Linode + email: docs@linode.com +description: 'Reverse DNS (rDNS) resolves an IP address to the designated domain name. This guide will teach you how to set it up.' +keywords: ["reverse", "dns", "PTR"] +license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)' +modified_by: + name: Linode +published: 2015-07-09 +title: Configure Your Linode for Reverse DNS (rDNS) +cloud_manager_link: networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns +headless: true +--- + +![Configure Your Linode for Reverse DNS (rDNS)](configure-your-linode-reverse-dns.jpg) + +Computers use DNS to determine the IP address associated with a domain name. *Reverse* DNS lookup does the opposite by resolving an IP address to a designated domain name. You should always set the reverse DNS, even if your Linode hosts more than one domain. + +Reverse DNS uses a *pointer record* (PTR) to match an IP address with a domain or subdomain. PTR records are generally set with a hosting provider, so reverse DNS is set in the Linode Manager. + +Before setting the reverse DNS for your Linode, configure your domain zone and DNS records through Linode's [DNS Manager](/docs/platform/manager/dns-manager/). See our [Introduction to DNS Records](/docs/networking/dns/dns-records-an-introduction/) and [Common DNS Configurations](/docs/networking/dns/common-dns-configurations/) guides for more information about PTR and DNS. + +## Setting Reverse DNS + +1. Select the Linode you wish to set up reverse DNS for from your Linodes tab. +2. Click the **Remote Access** tab. +3. Select the **Reverse DNS** link: + + [![The Reverse DNS link](1709-remoteaccess_reversedns.png)](1709-remoteaccess_reversedns.png) + +4. Enter your Linode's fully qualified domain name in the **Hostname** field: + + [![Adding the domain name for reverse DNS](1706-ptr_lookup_marked.png)](1706-ptr_lookup_marked.png) + +5. Click **Look up**. A message will appear indicating that a match has been found for both your IPv4 and IPv6 addresses: + + [![Reverse DNS Match found](1707-ptr_lookup_match_found.png)](1707-ptr_lookup_match_found.png) + +6. Click **Yes** beneath the desired address. Note that you can select only one address at a time. If you want to set up reverse DNS for both the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, you can perform another lookup and select the other address. diff --git a/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/index.md b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/index.md index 044797d9a54..55cf1cbad52 100644 --- a/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/index.md +++ b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/index.md @@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ description: 'Reverse DNS (rDNS) resolves an IP address to the designated domain keywords: ["reverse", "dns", "PTR"] license: '[CC BY-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0)' aliases: ['dns-manager/','dns-guides/configuring-dns-with-the-linode-manager/','networking/dns/setting-reverse-dns/','networking/Setting-Up-Reverse-DNS-Lookup/','networking/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/'] -modified: 2018-05-22 modified_by: name: Linode published: 2015-07-09 @@ -15,26 +14,46 @@ title: Configure Your Linode for Reverse DNS (rDNS) ![Configure Your Linode for Reverse DNS (rDNS)](configure-your-linode-reverse-dns.jpg) -Computers uses DNS to determine the IP address associated with a domain name. *Reverse* DNS lookup does the opposite by resolving an IP address to a designated domain name. You should always set the reverse DNS, even if your Linode hosts more than one domain. +{{< note >}} +You can also view the Linode Classic Manager version of the [Configure Your Linode for Reverse DNS](/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns-classic-manager/) guide. +{{}} -Reverse DNS uses a *pointer record* (PTR) to match an IP address with a domain or subdomain. PTR records are generally set with a hosting provider, so reverse DNS is set in the Linode Manager. +Computers use DNS to determine the IP address associated with a domain name. *Reverse* DNS lookup does the opposite by resolving an IP address to a designated domain name. You should always set the reverse DNS, even if your Linode hosts more than one domain. -Before setting the reverse DNS for your Linode, configure your domain zone and DNS records through Linode's [DNS Manager](/docs/platform/manager/dns-manager/). See our [Introduction to DNS Records](/docs/networking/dns/dns-records-an-introduction/) and [Common DNS Configurations](/docs/networking/dns/common-dns-configurations/) guides for more information about PTR and DNS. +Reverse DNS uses a *pointer record* (*PTR*) to match an IP address with a domain or subdomain. PTR records are generally set with a hosting provider, so reverse DNS is set in the Linode Cloud Manager. + +## Before You Begin + +Before setting the reverse DNS for your Linode, configure your domain zone and DNS records through Linode's [DNS Manager](/docs/platform/manager/dns-manager-new-manager/). See our [Introduction to DNS Records](/docs/networking/dns/dns-records-an-introduction/) and [Common DNS Configurations](/docs/networking/dns/common-dns-configurations/) guides for more information about PTR and DNS. + +Specifically, you will need to create an *A record* for the domain name (or subdomain) that you want to assign your reverse DNS to. The value of this A record should be the IP address that you're setting up reverse DNS on. ## Setting Reverse DNS -1. Select the Linode you wish to set up reverse DNS for from your Linodes tab. -2. Click the **Remote Access** tab. -3. Select the **Reverse DNS** link: +1. Click on the **Linodes** link in the sidebar to access a list of all your Linodes. + +1. Select the Linode whose reverse DNS you would like to set up and click on its **Networking** tab. + +1. Find the IP address whose reverse DNS you would like to set up and click on its **more options ellipsis**. Then, select **Edit RDNS** from the dropdown menu. + + ![Selecting reverse DNS](rdns-edit-select.png "Selecting reverse DNS") + +1. In the **Edit Reverse DNS** field, add your Linode's fully qualified domain name and click on the **Save** button. - [![The Reverse DNS link](1709-remoteaccess_reversedns.png)](1709-remoteaccess_reversedns.png) + {{< note >}} +If you did not previously set up an A record for your domain that matches your Linode's IP address, you will see an error like the following: -4. Enter your Linode's fully qualified domain name in the **Hostname** field: +{{< output >}} +We were unable to perform a lookup for 'example.com' at this time. +{{< /output >}} - [![Adding the domain name for reverse DNS](1706-ptr_lookup_marked.png)](1706-ptr_lookup_marked.png) +You may also see this error if you very recently created your A record, as it can take some time for your DNS changes to propagate. +{{< /note >}} -5. Click **Look up**. A message will appear indicating that a match has been found for both your IPv4 and IPv6 addresses: +1. You should now see the domain name you entered listed under the **Reverse DNS** column. - [![Reverse DNS Match found](1707-ptr_lookup_match_found.png)](1707-ptr_lookup_match_found.png) + ![Selecting reverse DNS](rdns-set-success.png "Selecting reverse DNS") -6. Click **Yes** beneath the desired address. Note that you can select only one address at a time. If you want to set up reverse DNS for both the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, you can perform another lookup and select the other address. + {{< note >}} +If you want to set up reverse DNS for both the IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, you can perform the same steps for the IPv6 address. +{{}} diff --git a/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/rdns-edit-select.png b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/rdns-edit-select.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..851934c6c10 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/rdns-edit-select.png differ diff --git a/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/rdns-set-success.png b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/rdns-set-success.png new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..9101dcf3545 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/rdns-set-success.png differ diff --git a/docs/platform/api/getting-started-with-the-linode-api-new-manager/index.md b/docs/platform/api/getting-started-with-the-linode-api-new-manager/index.md index ad615bcefcd..7509600018b 100644 --- a/docs/platform/api/getting-started-with-the-linode-api-new-manager/index.md +++ b/docs/platform/api/getting-started-with-the-linode-api-new-manager/index.md @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ hiddenguide: true ## Create a Linode Using the Linode API -The Linode API allows you to automate any task that can be performed by the Linode Manager, such as creating Linodes, managing IP addresses and DNS, and opening support tickets. +The Linode API allows you to automate any task that can be performed by the Cloud Manager, such as creating Linodes, managing IP addresses and DNS, and opening support tickets. For example, this command creates a new 2GB Linode, deploys a Debian 9 image, and boots the system: @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ This guide will help you get set up to run this example. Note that if you run th Only authorized users can add Linodes and make changes to your account, and each request must be authenticated with an access token. -The easiest way to get a token is through the [early access Linode Manager](https://cloud.linode.com). +The easiest way to get a token is through the [Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com). {{< note >}} If you are building an application which will need to authenticate multiple users (for example, a custom interface to Linode's infrastructure for your organization), you can set up an [OAuth authentication flow](https://developers.linode.com/v4/access) to generate tokens for each user. @@ -42,17 +42,21 @@ If you are building an application which will need to authenticate multiple user ### Create an API Token -1. Log in to the Manager and select the **API Tokens** tab from the **My Profile** menu: +1. Log in to the Cloud Manager. + +1. Click on your username at the top of the screen and select **My Profile**. ![Select My Profile.](get-started-with-linode-api-select-my-profile.png "Select My Profile.") +1. Select the **API Tokens** tab: + ![Select API Tokens tab in My Profile Settings.](get-started-with-linode-api-my-profile-small.png "Select the API Tokens tab in My Profile Settings.") -2. Click on **Add a Personal Access Token** and choose the access rights you want users authenticated with the new token to have. Privileges are cascading, so a token with *Create* access will also have *Modify* and *View* access. +1. Click on **Add a Personal Access Token** and choose the access rights you want users authenticated with the new token to have. ![Add a Personal Access Token](get-started-with-linode-api-new-token.png "Add a Personal Access Token") - When you have finished, click **Submit** to generate an API token string. Copy the token and save it in a secure location. **You will not be able to view the token through the Manager after closing the popup.** + When you have finished, click **Submit** to generate an API token string. Copy the token and save it in a secure location. **You will not be able to view the token through the Cloud Manager after closing the popup.** ### Authenticate Requests diff --git a/docs/platform/billing-and-support/billing-and-payments-new-manager/index.md b/docs/platform/billing-and-support/billing-and-payments-new-manager/index.md index d00412d0130..f6d1ee6b49e 100644 --- a/docs/platform/billing-and-support/billing-and-payments-new-manager/index.md +++ b/docs/platform/billing-and-support/billing-and-payments-new-manager/index.md @@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ Due to the [impending exhaustion of the IPv4 address space](http://en.wikipedia. To view your current balance, follow the steps below. This shows you the sum of all Linode services used so far in the month, down to the hour. -1. Log in to the [Linode Manager](http://cloud.linode.com). -2. Select **Account**. -3. Select **Account & Billing**. -4. Under **Billing Information**, expand the **Make a Payment** section. There you can see the **Current Balance**: +1. Log in to the [Linode Cloud Manager](http://cloud.linode.com). +1. Select **Account** from the sidebar links. +1. Select **Account & Billing**. +1. Under **Billing Information**, expand the **Make a Payment** panel. There you can see the **Current Balance**: [![This customer has a $0 outstanding balance](billing-current-balance-small.png "This customer has a $0 outstanding balance.")](billing-current-balance.png) @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ What does a mid-month bill mean? Your existing active services will stay active. ## If My Linode is Powered Off, Will I Be Billed? -**If your Linode is powered off you will still be billed for it.** Linode maintains your saved data and reserves your ability to use other resources like RAM and network capacity, even when your Linode is powered off. You will also be billed for any other active Linode service, such as Longview Pro or extra IP's. +**If your Linode is powered off you will still be billed for it.** Linode maintains your saved data and reserves your ability to use other resources like RAM and network capacity, even when your Linode is powered off. You will also be billed for any other active Linode service, such as Longview Pro or extra IP addresses. If you want to stop being billed for a particular Linode service, you need to [remove](#removing-services) it from your account entirely. @@ -111,26 +111,26 @@ If you overpay, credit will be applied to your account; this allows you to prepa ## Making a Payment -You can use the Linode Manager to pay an outstanding balance or prepay for Linode services. Here's how: +You can use the Cloud Manager to pay an outstanding balance or prepay for Linode services. Here's how: -1. Log in to the [Linode Manager](http://cloud.linode.com). -2. Select **Account**. -3. Select **Account & Billing**. -4. Expand the **Make a Payment** box. -5. Enter the amount of money you would like to pay in the **Amount to Charge** field. -6. Enter the CVV number on the back of your credit card in the **CVV** field. -7. Click **Confirm Payment**. +1. Log in to the [Linode Cloud Manager](http://cloud.linode.com). +1. Select **Account** from the sidebar links. +1. Select **Account & Billing**. +1. Expand the **Make a Payment** panel. +1. Enter the amount of money you would like to pay in the **Amount to Charge** field. +1. Enter the CVV number on the back of your credit card in the **CVV** field. +1. Click **Confirm Payment**. The payment may take a few minutes to be applied to your account. ## Accessing Billing History -All of your billing history is stored in the Linode Manager. Here's how to access it: +All of your billing history is stored in the Cloud Manager. Here's how to access it: -1. Log in to the [Linode Manager](http://cloud.linode.com). -2. Select **Account**. -3. Select **Account & Billing**. -4. Expand the **Recent Invoices** and **Recent Payments** boxes. +1. Log in to the [Linode Cloud Manager](http://cloud.linode.com). +1. Select **Account** from the sidebar links. +1. Select **Account & Billing**. +1. Expand the **Recent Invoices** and **Recent Payments** panels. Select an invoice to view the charges for a particular month. @@ -138,10 +138,10 @@ Select an invoice to view the charges for a particular month. -The *Domains* section of the Linode Manager is a comprehensive DNS management interface that allows you to add DNS records for all of your domain names. This guide covers the use of the Domains section and basic domain zone setup. For an introduction to DNS in general, see our [Introduction to DNS Records](/docs/networking/dns/dns-records-an-introduction/) guide. +The *Domains* section of the Linode Cloud Manager is a comprehensive DNS management interface that allows you to add DNS records for all of your domain names. This guide covers the use of the Domains section and basic domain zone setup. For an introduction to DNS in general, see our [Introduction to DNS Records](/docs/networking/dns/dns-records-an-introduction/) guide. ## Getting Started The Domain Name System (DNS) attaches human-readable domain names to machine-usable IP addresses. In many ways, it is the phone book of the Internet. Just like a phone book can help you find the phone number of a business, DNS can take a domain name like `google.com` and translate it into an IP address like `74.125.19.147`. This global system allows users to remember the names of websites instead of their numeric IP addresses. {{< note >}} -All steps within this guide are completed within the **[Domains](https://cloud.linode.com/domains)** page of your Linode Manager. +All steps within this guide are completed within the **[Domains](https://cloud.linode.com/domains)** page of your Linode Cloud Manager. {{< /note >}} ## DNS Set-Up Checklist @@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ All steps within this guide are completed within the **[Domains](https://cloud.l DNS records are only actively hosted on accounts with at least one Linode. When setting up a domain name on your Linode, make sure you perform the following steps: 1. Register (purchase) a domain name if you haven't already. -2. Set your domain name to [use Linode's name servers](#use-linode-s-name-servers-with-your-domain). You'll need to do this on your domain registrar's website and then wait up to 24 hours for the change to take effect. -3. Use the DNS Manager to [add a domain zone](#add-a-domain-zone), and then start [adding some basic DNS records](#add-records). -4. [Set reverse DNS](/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/). -5. If you have any special DNS needs, such as using a third-party email server, add additional DNS records to [create a custom configuration](/docs/networking/dns/common-dns-configurations/). +1. Set your domain name to [use Linode's name servers](#use-linode-s-name-servers-with-your-domain). You'll need to do this on your domain registrar's website and then wait up to 24 hours for the change to take effect. +1. Use the DNS Manager to [add a domain zone](#add-a-domain-zone), and then start [adding some basic DNS records](#add-records). +1. [Set reverse DNS](/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/). +1. If you have any special DNS needs, such as using a third-party email server, add additional DNS records to [create a custom configuration](/docs/networking/dns/common-dns-configurations/). ## Use Linode's Name Servers with Your Domain @@ -50,16 +50,16 @@ After you purchase a domain, log in to your domain registrar's control panel and DNS changes can take up to 24 hours to propagate throughout the internet, although the changes are usually visible within several hours. {{< /note >}} -## The DNS Manager +## The Domains Page -Log in to the [Linode Manager](https://manager.linode.com/) and select the **Domains** link. It should resemble this: +Log in to the [Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com/) and select the **Domains** link from the sidebar. It should resemble this: ![The DNS Manger](domain-manager.png "The DNS Manager") 1. All of your domain zones are listed here. A *domain zone*, synonymous with the term "domain", is a collection of DNS records for a single domain name. Click the name of a domain zone to add or edit DNS records within that zone. -2. If you have a zone that can be exported from a server or another hosting provider, click **Import a Zone** to import it. -3. Click **Add a Domain** to create a new domain zone. -4. Use the links in the menu to the right of the domain zone link to edit DNS records within a zone, to check or delete a zone, to view a zone's file, or select **Clone** to duplicate an existing zone. +1. If you have a zone that can be exported from a server or another hosting provider, click **Import a Zone** to import it. +1. Click **Add a Domain** to create a new domain zone. +1. Use the links in the menu to the right of the domain zone link to edit DNS records within a zone, to check or delete a zone, to view a zone's file, or select **Clone** to duplicate an existing zone. ## Domain Zones @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Before you can add any DNS records, you must create a domain zone. Think of a do ### Add a Domain Zone -If you're new to Linode, or if you've just purchased a new domain name, the first step is to add a new domain zone in the DNS Manager. +If you're new to Linode, or if you've just purchased a new domain name, the first step is to add a new domain zone in the Domains page. -1. From the DNS Manager tab, select **Add a Domain**: +1. From the **Domains** page, select **Add a Domain**: ![This page lets you add a domain zone.](domain-add-a-domain.png "This page let's you add a domain zone.") -2. If you want to add a *slave zone* instead of a master zone, click the **Slave** radio button. +1. If you want to add a *slave zone* instead of a master zone, click the **Slave** radio button. {{< note >}} In order for Linode's DNS servers to function as slaves, your DNS master server must notify and allow AXFR requests from the following IP addresses: @@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ In order for Linode's DNS servers to function as slaves, your DNS master server 2a01:7e00::a {{< /note >}} -3. Enter your domain name in the **Domain** field. An example is shown above. -4. Enter an administrator's email address in the **SOA Email** field. -5. Click **Create**. +1. Enter your domain name in the **Domain** field. An example is shown above. +1. Enter an administrator's email address in the **SOA Email Address** field. +1. Click **Create**. This section explains how to add your own records. -1. Select a domain zone from within the Domains page. The following page appears: +1. Select a domain zone from within the Domains page. The domain's details page appears: [![This page has seven sections showing seven different types of records: SOA, NS, MX, and A/AAAA, CNAME, TXT, and SRV. You can adjust the SOA record by clicking the "Settings" link in that section. The next six sections each have a corresponding link that lets you add a new record of that type. For example, to add an NS record, click the "Add a new NS record" link. There are similar links for MX, A, CNAME, TXT, and SRV records.](domain-domain-records-small.png)](domain-domain-records.png) -2. The page is divided into different sections for each type of DNS record. Locate the section for the type of DNS record you want to add, then click **Add a [DNS] Record**. +1. The page is divided into different sections for each type of DNS record. Locate the section for the type of DNS record you want to add, then click **Add a [DNS] Record**. ![This page allows you to create a new A/AAAA record.](domain-add-a-record.png) @@ -125,29 +125,30 @@ When you first create a domain zone, you'll need to add some DNS records. @@ -81,13 +81,13 @@ Now that you have set up two-factor authentication for your account, you'll need 1. Open the [Linode Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com) in your web browser. -2. On your smartphone, open Authy, and then select your **LinodeManager:user** account. +1. On your smartphone, open Authy, and then select your **LinodeManager:user** account. -3. In your web browser, enter your username and password and click **Log in**. The webpage shown below appears. +1. In your web browser, enter your username and password and click **Log in**. The webpage shown below appears. ![Enter your token.](security-login-and-enter-token.png "Enter your token.") -4. Enter your token, and then click **Authenticate**. Checking the box below the authentication option will add your computer to the trusted computer list for 30 days, and generate a confirmation email to the address on file for your account. +1. Enter your token, and then click **Authenticate**. Checking the box below the authentication option will add your computer to the trusted computer list for 30 days, and generate a confirmation email to the address on file for your account. You have successfully logged in to the Linode Cloud Manager using two-factor authentication. @@ -115,12 +115,12 @@ Generating a one-time use scratch code is also recommended. In the event that yo The Linode Cloud Manager allows you to generate a new secret key for your two-factor authentication token device. This is a good way to start using a new smartphone as your two-factor token device. Here's how to generate a new secret key: 1. Log in to the [Linode Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com). -2. Select the **My Profile** link by clicking on your username at the top of the page: +1. Select the **My Profile** link by clicking on your username at the top of the page: ![Select 'My Profile'](security-my-profile.png "Select 'My Profile') -3. Select the **Password & Authentication** tab. -4. In the *Two-Factor Authentication (TFA)* section, click **Reset two-factor authentication**, as shown below. +1. Select the **Password & Authentication** tab. +1. In the **Two-Factor Authentication (TFA)** section, click **Reset two-factor authentication**, as shown below. [![Reset two-factor authentication.](security-reset-tfa-small.png "Reset two-factor authentication.")](security-reset-tfa.png) @@ -131,13 +131,13 @@ A new secret key and barcode will be generated for your account and displayed on You can disable two-factor authentication for your Linode account at any time. Here's how: 1. Log in to the [Linode Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com). -2. Select the **My Profile** link by clicking on your username at the top of the page: +1. Select the **My Profile** link by clicking on your username at the top of the page: ![Select 'My Profile'](security-my-profile.png "Select 'My Profile') -3. Select the **Password & Authentication** tab. -4. In the *Two-Factor Authentication (TFA)* section, toggle the *Enabled* box to disable Two-factor Authentication. -5. A confirmation window appears asking if you want to disable two-factor authentication. Click **Disable Two-factor Authentication**. +1. Select the **Password & Authentication** tab. +1. In the **Two-Factor Authentication (TFA)** section, toggle the **Enabled** switch to disable two-factor Authentication. +1. A confirmation window appears asking if you want to disable two-factor authentication. Click **Disable Two-Factor Authentication**. You have successfully disabled the two-factor authentication feature for your Linode Cloud Manager account. @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ If you lose your token and get locked out of the Manager, email diff --git a/docs/uptime/monitoring-and-maintaining-your-server-new-manager/index.md b/docs/uptime/monitoring-and-maintaining-your-server-new-manager/index.md index dbef4cad47d..043636e8d41 100644 --- a/docs/uptime/monitoring-and-maintaining-your-server-new-manager/index.md +++ b/docs/uptime/monitoring-and-maintaining-your-server-new-manager/index.md @@ -37,23 +37,22 @@ There are several different availability monitoring tools available. Your decisi - **Multiple Servers**: If you run more than one server, the [Elastic Stack](/docs/databases/elasticsearch/visualize-apache-web-server-logs-using-elastic-stack-on-debian-8/) is an excellent monitoring tool. - **Single Server**: If you only run a single server, you might want to use a third-party service to monitor your Linode. You could also use a network diagnostic tool like [MTR](/docs/networking/diagnostics/diagnosing-network-issues-with-mtr/) to diagnose and isolate networking errors. -- **Linode Longview**: [Longview](/docs/platform/longview/longview/) is Linode's own monitoring and graphing service. It offers real time data that can be used to help identify system issues. Using Longview in conjunction with a notification service can help you to identify issues faster, and get your system up and running sooner. -- **Linode Managed**: The [Managed](https://www.linode.com/managed) service lets Linode manage your infrastructure and provides incident response around the clock. You also receive access to [Longview Pro](https://www.linode.com/longview), free cPanel to manage your sites, data protection at no additional cost, and several other benefits. +- **Linode Managed**: The [Managed](https://www.linode.com/managed) service lets Linode manage your infrastructure and provides incident response around the clock. ### Configure Shutdown Watchdog -Shutdown Watchdog, also known as *Lassie*, is a Linode Manager feature capable of automatically rebooting your Linode if it powers off unexpectedly. Lassie is not technically an availability monitoring tool, but it can help get your Linode back online fast if it's accidentally powered off. +Shutdown Watchdog, also known as *Lassie*, is a Linode Cloud Manager feature capable of automatically rebooting your Linode if it powers off unexpectedly. Lassie is not technically an availability monitoring tool, but it can help get your Linode back online fast if it's accidentally powered off. To turn Lassie on and off: -1. Log in to the [Linode Manager](https://cloud.linode.com). -2. Click the **Linodes** page. -3. Select your Linode. The Linode's dashboard appears. -4. Click the **Settings** tab. The Shutdown Watchdog settings appear, as shown below. +1. Log in to the [Linode Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com). +1. Click the **Linodes** link in the sidebar. +1. Select your Linode. The Linode's details page appears. +1. Click the **Settings** tab. The Shutdown Watchdog settings appear, as shown below. [![Configuring Shutdown Watchdog](shutdown-watchdog-small.png)](shutdown-watchdog.png) -5. Toggle the box to turn Shutdown Watchdog on. +1. Toggle the box to turn Shutdown Watchdog on. Once Lassie is enabled, your Linode will automatically reboot if it is unexpectedly powered off in the future. @@ -61,9 +60,9 @@ Once Lassie is enabled, your Linode will automatically reboot if it is unexpecte *Performance* monitoring tools record vital server and service performance metrics. Similar to a vehicle's dashboard, which has gauges for things like speed and oil pressure, performance monitoring tools provide valuable insight into the inner workings of your virtual server. With practice, you'll be able to review this information and determine whether your server is in good health. -### Linode Manager +### Linode Cloud Manager -If you're new to performance monitoring, you can get started by logging in to the Linode Manager. There are four simple graphs available on the Dashboard and in the Graphs section: +If you're new to performance monitoring, you can get started by logging in to the Linode Cloud Manager. There are four simple graphs available on the Dashboard and in the Graphs section: - **CPU %:** Monitor how your Linode's CPU cores are being utilized. Note that each of your Linode's CPU cores is capable of 100% utilization, which means you could see this graph spike well over 100%, depending on your Linode plan size. - **IPv4 Network Traffic:** Keep tabs on how much incoming and outgoing bandwidth your server is using. @@ -72,36 +71,32 @@ If you're new to performance monitoring, you can get started by logging in to th When you first start monitoring the graphs, you won't know what numbers are normal. Don't worry. With time and practice, you'll learn what the graphs are supposed to look like when your server is operating normally. Then you'll be able to spot performance abnormalities before they turn into full-blown problems. -### Configure Linode Manager Email Alerts +### Configure Linode Cloud Manager Email Alerts -The Linode Manager allows you to configure *email alerts* that automatically notify you via email if certain performance thresholds are reached. For example, if you set the threshold for CPU Usage to 90% percent, you'll be notified if your Linode's average CPU usage is greater than 90% for over 2 hours. +The Linode Cloud Manager allows you to configure *email alerts* that automatically notify you via email if certain performance thresholds are reached. For example, if you set the threshold for CPU Usage to 90% percent, you'll be notified if your Linode's average CPU usage is greater than 90% for over 2 hours. To turn on and customize the alerts: -1. Log in to the [Linode Manager](https://cloud.linode.com). -2. Click the **Linodes** page. -3. Select your Linode. The Linode's dashboard appears. -4. Click the **Settings** tab. The *Notification Thresholds* settings appear, as shown below. +1. Log in to the [Linode Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com). +1. Click the **Linodes** link in the sidebar. +1. Select your Linode. The Linode's details page appears. +1. Click the **Settings** tab. The *Notification Thresholds* panel appears, as shown below. - [![Configuring Linode Manager Email Alerts](notification-thresholds-small.png)](notification-thresholds.png) + [![Configuring Linode Cloud Manager Email Alerts](notification-thresholds-small.png)](notification-thresholds.png) -5. To enable an email alert, toggle the appropriate box. -6. To configure the threshold for an alert, set a value in the text field. -7. Click **Save** to save the email alert thresholds. +1. To enable an email alert, toggle the appropriate switch. +1. To configure the threshold for an alert, set a value in the text field. +1. Click **Save** to save the email alert thresholds. -You have successfully configured email alerts in the Linode Manager. +You have successfully configured email alerts in the Linode Cloud Manager. {{< note >}} -If you receive an email threshold alert from the Linode Manager, don't panic. There's not necessarily anything wrong with your Linode. For example, your server may be operating above the threshold if you're compiling software or if a major website just linked to your blog. +If you receive an email threshold alert from the Linode Cloud Manager, don't panic. There's not necessarily anything wrong with your Linode. For example, your server may be operating above the threshold if you're compiling software or if a major website just linked to your blog. {{< /note >}} -### Use Linode Longview - -Our custom monitoring and graphing tool [Longview](/docs/platform/longview/longview/) can give you a detailed breakdown of system performance and resource usage. Longview can be used to monitor any virtual server or computer running Linux - including systems not hosted by Linode. On our platform, Longview, in conjunction with the Linode Manager email alerts, can help you to know quickly when your system is overloaded, and find out why. - ### Use Third-Party Tools -The graphs in the Linode Manager provide basic information for things like CPU utilization and bandwidth consumption. That's good information as far as it goes, but it won't sate the appetite of true geeks who crave detailed statistics on a server's disk, network, system, and service performance. For that kind of information, you'll need to install and configure a third-party performance monitoring tool. +The graphs in the Linode Cloud Manager provide basic information for things like CPU utilization and bandwidth consumption. That's good information as far as it goes, but it won't sate the appetite of true geeks who crave detailed statistics on a server's disk, network, system, and service performance. For that kind of information, you'll need to install and configure a third-party performance monitoring tool. There are several free third-party performance monitoring tools available for your Linode: @@ -110,7 +105,7 @@ There are several free third-party performance monitoring tools available for yo ## Linode Managed -[Linode Managed](https://www.linode.com/managed) is our monitoring service that offers 24x7 incident response, dashboard metrics for your Linodes, free cPanel, and an automatic backup service. With a three-month Linode Managed commitment, you also get two complimentary standard site migrations performed by our [Professional Services Team](https://www.linode.com/professional-services). If you are running more than one Linode, not all are required to be managed. You can establish separate accounts (e.g., production and development) and monitor only the most critical services running on designated Linode(s). Existing customers can sign up for Linode Managed by [contacting support](https://cloud.linode.com/support/tickets) or from the legacy Linode Manager's [account tab](https://manager.linode.com/account). +[Linode Managed](https://www.linode.com/managed) is our monitoring service that offers 24x7 incident response, dashboard metrics for your Linodes, free cPanel, and an automatic backup service. With a three-month Linode Managed commitment, you also get two complimentary standard site migrations performed by our [Professional Services Team](https://www.linode.com/professional-services). If you are running more than one Linode, not all are required to be managed. You can establish separate accounts (e.g., production and development) and monitor only the most critical services running on designated Linode(s). Existing customers can sign up for Linode Managed by [contacting support](https://cloud.linode.com/support/tickets) or from the Linode Classic Manager's [account tab](https://manager.linode.com/account). ## Manage Logs @@ -149,7 +144,7 @@ There are ways to automate the installation of software updates, but this is not ### Apply Kernel Updates -When you first sign up for Linode and create a virtual server, the Linode Manager automatically creates a [configuration profile](/docs/platform/disk-images/disk-images-and-configuration-profiles/#configuration-profiles/) with the latest kernel selected. We [update the kernels](http://www.linode.com/kernels/) as necessary and make them available in the Linode Manager. In most cases, new kernels will automatically be selected in the configuration profile in the Linode Manager — once we release a new kernel, all you have to do is reboot your Linode to start using it. +When you first sign up for Linode and create a virtual server, the Linode Cloud Manager automatically creates a [configuration profile](/docs/platform/disk-images/disk-images-and-configuration-profiles/#configuration-profiles/) with the latest kernel selected. We [update the kernels](http://www.linode.com/kernels/) as necessary and make them available in the Linode Cloud Manager. In most cases, new kernels will automatically be selected in the configuration profile in the Linode Cloud Manager — once we release a new kernel, all you have to do is reboot your Linode to start using it. To check for a new kernel and start using it on your Linode: @@ -157,25 +152,25 @@ To check for a new kernel and start using it on your Linode: cat /proc/version -2. Examine the output and remember the version number: +1. Examine the output and remember the version number: {{< output >}} Linux version 4.15.12-x86_64-linode105 (maker@build.linode.com) (gcc version 4.9.2 (Debian 4.9.2-10+deb8u1)) #1 SMP Thu Mar 22 02:13:40 UTC 2018 {{< /output >}} -3. Log in to the [Linode Manager](https://cloud.linode.com). -4. Click the **Linodes** tab. -5. Select your Linode. The Linode's dashboard appears. -6. Select the active configuration profile by clicking the **Edit** link, as shown below. +1. Log in to the [Linode Cloud Manager](https://cloud.linode.com). +1. Click the **Linodes** link in the sidebar. +1. Select your Linode. The Linode's details page appears. +1. Select the active configuration profile by clicking the **Edit** link, as shown below. [![Selecting the active configuration profile](edit-configuration-menu-small.png)](edit-configuration-menu.png) -7. From the **Kernel** menu, verify that **GRUB 2** is selected: +1. From the **Kernel** menu, verify that **GRUB 2** is selected: ![Selecting the latest kernel](kernel-menu.png) -8. If you selected a new kernel, click **Submit**. The Linode's dashboard appears. -9. Select **Reboot** from the status menu to reboot your Linode and start using the new kernel. +1. If you selected a new kernel, click **Submit**. The Linode's dashboard appears. +1. Select **Reboot** from the status menu to reboot your Linode and start using the new kernel. ![Reboot your Linode](reboot.png) diff --git a/docs/web-servers/lamp/how-to-install-a-lamp-stack-on-arch-linux/index.md b/docs/web-servers/lamp/how-to-install-a-lamp-stack-on-arch-linux/index.md index 5f434772940..bcdd9b82bf5 100644 --- a/docs/web-servers/lamp/how-to-install-a-lamp-stack-on-arch-linux/index.md +++ b/docs/web-servers/lamp/how-to-install-a-lamp-stack-on-arch-linux/index.md @@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ external_resources: - '[PHP Documentation](http://www.php.net/docs.php)' --- -# Install and Configure LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) on an Arch Linux Server - A LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) stack is a common web stack used to prepare servers for hosting web content. This guide shows you how to install a LAMP stack an Arch Linux server. Since Arch does not come in specific versions, this guide is up-to-date as of the December 2015 Arch update. @@ -140,7 +138,7 @@ Should any additional changes be made to a configuration file restart Apache: sudo systemctl restart httpd.service {{< /note >}} -## MySQL +## MariaDB ### Install and Configure @@ -154,18 +152,18 @@ By default, Arch Linux provides MariaDB as a relational database solution. Maria sudo mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql -3. Start MySQL and set it to run at boot: +3. Start MariaDB and set it to run at boot: sudo systemctl start mysqld.service sudo systemctl enable mysqld.service -4. Run `mysql_secure_installation`, a program that helps secure MySQL. `mysql_secure_installation` gives you the option to set your root password, disable root logins from outside localhost, remove anonymous user accounts, remove the test database and then reload the privilege tables: +4. Run `mysql_secure_installation`, a program that helps secure MySQL and MariaDB. `mysql_secure_installation` gives you the option to set your root password, disable root logins from outside localhost, remove anonymous user accounts, remove the test database and then reload the privilege tables: mysql_secure_installation ### Create a Database -1. Log into MySQL: +1. Log into MariaDB: mysql -u root -p @@ -182,7 +180,7 @@ By default, Arch Linux provides MariaDB as a relational database solution. Maria quit -With Apache and MySQL installed, you are now ready to move on to installing PHP to provide scripting support for your web application. +With Apache and MariaDB installed, you are now ready to move on to installing PHP to provide scripting support for your web application. ## PHP diff --git a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/909-hosting-1.png b/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/909-hosting-1.png deleted file mode 100644 index 6bb0327dd64..00000000000 Binary files a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/909-hosting-1.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/910-hosting-1-small.png b/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/910-hosting-1-small.png deleted file mode 100644 index 8ec38ea017c..00000000000 Binary files a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/910-hosting-1-small.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/911-hosting-2-small.png b/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/911-hosting-2-small.png deleted file mode 100644 index f0287a525bb..00000000000 Binary files a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/911-hosting-2-small.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/912-hosting-2.png b/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/912-hosting-2.png deleted file mode 100644 index 4cc28311750..00000000000 Binary files a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/912-hosting-2.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/914-hosting-4-small.png b/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/914-hosting-4-small.png deleted file mode 100644 index 8c5193a56ba..00000000000 Binary files a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/914-hosting-4-small.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/915-hosting-4.png b/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/915-hosting-4.png deleted file mode 100644 index da6a5bee8a3..00000000000 Binary files a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/915-hosting-4.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/951-hosting-3-1.png b/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/951-hosting-3-1.png deleted file mode 100644 index 690570d810d..00000000000 Binary files a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/951-hosting-3-1.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/index.md b/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/index.md index 380a969dd5a..9e7b8e1c75e 100644 --- a/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/index.md +++ b/docs/websites/hosting-a-website-ubuntu-18-04/index.md @@ -330,62 +330,6 @@ It's a good idea to test your website(s) before you add the DNS records. This is Remember to remove the entries for the name-based virtual hosts from your `hosts` file when you're ready to test the DNS records. {{< /caution >}} -## Add DNS Records +## Next Steps -Now you need to point your domain name(s) at your Linode. This process can take a while, so please allow up to 24 hours for DNS changes to be reflected throughout the Internet. - -1. Log in to the [Linode Manager](https://manager.linode.com). - -1. Click the **DNS Manager** tab. - -1. Select the **Add a domain zone** link. The form shown below appears: - - [![Create a domain zone](910-hosting-1-small.png)](909-hosting-1.png) - -1. In the **Domain** field, enter your website's domain name in the **Domain** field. - -1. In the **SOA Email** field, enter the administrative contact email address for your domain. - -1. Click **Yes, insert a few records to get me started**. - -1. Click **Add a Master Zone**. Several DNS records will be created for your domain, as shown below: - - [![The DNS records created for the domain](911-hosting-2-small.png)](912-hosting-2.png) - -1. Through your domain registrar (where you bought the domain), make sure that your domain name is set to use Linode's DNS. Use your domain name registrar's interface to set the name servers for your domain to the following: - - - `ns1.linode.com` - - `ns2.linode.com` - - `ns3.linode.com` - - `ns4.linode.com` - - `ns5.linode.com` - -1. Repeat steps 1-8 for each name-based virtual host you created earlier. - -You've now added DNS records for your website(s). Remember, DNS changes can take up to 48 hours to propagate through the Internet. Be patient! Once the DNS changes are completed, you will be able to access your website by typing the domain name in to your browser's address bar. - -## Setting Reverse DNS - -You're almost finished! The last step is setting reverse DNS for your domain name. Visit our guide to [learn more about reverse DNS](/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/). - -1. Log in to the [Linode Manager](https://manager.linode.com). - -1. Click the **Linodes** tab. - -1. Select your Linode. - -1. Click the **Remote Access** tab. - -1. Select the **Reverse DNS** link, as shown below. - - [![Select Reverse DNS link](951-hosting-3-1.png)](951-hosting-3-1.png) - -1. Enter the domain in the **Hostname** field, as shown below. - - [![Enter domain in Hostname field](914-hosting-4-small.png)](915-hosting-4.png) - -1. Click **Look up**. A message appears, indicating that a match has been found. - -1. Click **Yes**. - -You have set up reverse DNS for your domain name. +Now that you have tested your website by visiting its IP address, you can create DNS records so that you can access the website via a domain name. Read our [DNS Manager guide](/docs/platform/manager/dns-manager-new-manager/) for more information on how to add DNS records for your website. After you have a domain name set up, you should also add reverse DNS. Check out our [Reverse DNS guide](/docs/networking/dns/configure-your-linode-for-reverse-dns/) for more information on how to set up reverse DNS. \ No newline at end of file