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<desc>Updates are given a level indicating how much of an impact they have on the operating system</desc>
<desc>Use update levels when troubleshooting, to identify which update is responsible for a regression.</desc>
</info>
<title>Update levels</title>
<p>Critical regressions happen very rarely. When they do, restore your system with the latest system snapshot and tell the Linux Mint development team about the regression.</p>
<p>The Linux Mint team will want to know which update is responsible for the regression.</p>
<p>If you are faced with a long list of updates and you're not sure where to look, click on "View"->"Visible Columns"->"Levels".</p>
<p>Updates are given a level indicating how much of an impact they have on the operating system.</p>
<p>You can apply these updates without worrying about regressions. In the worst case scenario a regression would only affect the software you're upgrading, not the operating system itself.</p>
<p>Regressions in these updates usually only affect the software they're updating, not the operating system itself.</p>
</section>
@@ -78,10 +74,6 @@
<p>These updates aren't known to impact large areas or sensitive parts of the system, but they're not guaranteed to only affect their own software either.</p>
<p>In general, you should be able to apply these updates without worrying about regressions.</p>
<p>If an important regression, or potential for regression, was found in a level 2 update, its level would be changed to 3 or 4.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="level3">
@@ -93,12 +85,6 @@
<p>Desktop environments are also level 3 updates. If a critical regression happens in Cinnamon, you might be unable to log in.</p>
<p>There aren't many level 3 updates. It is recommended to apply them with caution and in isolation. Take note of what updates you are applying, check the system afterwards to make sure everything is working fine.</p>
<p>If something breaks, seek help on the forums or the chat channel and tell people which update caused the regression and what is broken.</p>
<note><p>If you blindly apply hundreds of updates and you're unable to pinpoint the problematic one, you're unlikely to find help. All level 3 updates are recommended but you are expected to be cautious and to know what you are upgrading.</p></note>
</section>
<sectionid="level4">
@@ -114,34 +100,6 @@
<item><p>The display (Xorg, mesa)</p></item>
</list>
<p>Like other updates, all level 4 updates are recommended, especially if they are security updates.</p>
<p>However, if a critical regression was present in one of these updates it could impact a sensitive part of your system.</p>
<p>You could find yourself without a connection to the Internet, without the ability to start the desktop environment or even without the ability to boot the operating system.</p>
<p>For this reason you should always be careful when applying level 4 updates (including kernel updates). Apply them one by one and take note of the versions you're applying.</p>
<p>If something breaks, seek help on the forums or the chat channel and tell people which update caused the regression and what is broken.</p>
<note><p>If you blindly apply hundreds of updates and you're unable to pinpoint the problematic one, you're unlikely to find help. All level 4 updates are recommended but you are expected to be cautious and to know what you are upgrading.</p></note>
<p>When a critical bug is found in an update it is usually fixed as soon as possible.</p>
<p>There are many ways for Linux Mint to address issues, and many mechanisms in place both remotely in the repositories and locally within your operating system. So in normal circumstances updates shouldn't need to be blacklisted.</p>
<p>If an update had a critical bug and a solution was being worked on but wasn't ready yet, Linux Mint could mark a specific version of the update as level 5 (i.e. "not recommended"). This would prevent users from applying it until the new version hits the repositories.</p>
<note><p>Level 5 updates are known to cause issues. They are very rare and usually temporary. They are not visible by default and they should not be applied.</p></note>
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<p>The update manager is highly configurable. You can go in the preferences and fine-tune which levels you want to show and which levels you want to preselect. This is your computer and so you can tune it the way you want.</p>
<p>The first time you launch it, it will try to understand who you are and set these settings for you. To do so, it will show you three update policies and ask you to choose the one you like best.</p>
<p>All policies have this in common:</p>
<list>
<item><p>For security reasons, security updates are always visible (no matter what level they are).</p></item>
<item><p>For security reasons, kernel updates (which are level 4) are always visible.</p></item>
<item><p>For stability reasons, level 5 updates are always hidden.</p></item>
</list>
<note><p>When you choose an update policy, some of the preferences are changed in the Update Manager. You can tune these preferences individually by clicking on the Edit->Preferences menu in the menubar.</p></note>
<sectionid="policy1">
<title>Novice users</title>
<p>The first policy is made for novice users in mind. It assumes these users are unable to work around critical issues affecting sensitive parts of their system and tries to minimize their risk to suffer critical regressions.</p>
<p>Bug fixes are optional, so this policy focuses on safe updates (level 1 and 2) with minimal impact on the operating system. These updates are visible and preselected by default.</p>
<p>Security is also important but some security updates (and kernel updates in particular) affect sensitive parts of the system. These updates are visible and novice users are recommended to select them and apply them with caution, in isolation and ideally either with the help of an experienced user, or after they familiarized themselves with the forums and chat channel so they know how to seek help.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="policy2">
<title>Regular users</title>
<p>The second policy is made for the vast majority of people. It assumes these users aren't new to Linux and either know how to solve common problems, or they know where to find help.</p>
<p>This policy shows all recommended updates. Security updates and safe bug-fix updates (level 1 and 2) are preselected by default.</p>
<p>Users are recommended to select and apply level 3 and level 4 updates with caution and in isolation and to seek help if something goes wrong.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="policy3">
<title>Advanced users</title>
<p>This policy is made for advanced users on computers where the risk of critical regressions is acceptable. It assumes these users are able to fix any issue and want to apply all updates all at once.</p>
<p>In this policy, all recommended updates are visible and selected by default.</p>
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<desc>When faced with a serious regression, restore the latest system snapshot.</desc>
</info>
<title>System snapshots</title>
<p>Timeshift, the system snapshot utility, is available in all versions of Linux Mint.</p>
<p>It can be used to create snapshots manually but also to automate system snapshots.</p>
<p>Linux Mint recommends the automation of daily and boot snapshots.</p>
<p>If an update, a mistake, a bug or a malicious program breaks something on your computer, you can restore the operating system from any snapshot, thus cancelling the problem as if it never happened.</p>
<note><p>System snapshots only cover the operating system itself. They do not include or affect your personal data.</p></note>
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<p>Забеспячэнне беспекі вельмі важная, але і вельмі тэхнічная справа. Уразлівасці не заўсёды ўплываюць на ваш камп'ютэр і таму іх бывае даволі цяжка зразумець. Большасць людзей наогул не разумеюць іх і таму іх ПК рэдка ў небяспецы. Тым не менш, парушэнне правілаў бяспекі можа мець згубныя наступствы, таму іх заўсёды рэкамендуецца прымаць сур'ёзна.</p>
<p>By default, security updates are always visible, no matter what policy you chose and what level they are.</p>
<p>Абнаўленне прагмарамнага забеспячэння не так важна. Гэта выпраўленне памылак і таксама дабаўленне новага функцыяналу, які не мае дачынення да бяспекі. Таму патрэба ў іх менш вострая і іх нават можна разглядаць як неабавязковыя.</p>
<p>Software updates aren't as important. They bring bug fixes or improvements which are not related to security.</p>
<note><p>Абнаўленні ядра ў Linux Mint уяўляе сабою як выпраўленні бяспекі і памылак(часам нават новы функцыянал), і яны ўплываюць на крытычныя часткі сістэмы. І з пункту гледжання бяспекі гэта робіць абнаўленні ядра вельмі важнымі, але і схільнае да рэгрэсіі і цяжкім для выпраўлення новымі карыстальнікамі.</p></note>
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<p>За жалост понякога те предизвикват и нови проблеми, наречени 'регресии', които могат да счупят неща, които преди са работели добре.</p>
<p>Препоръчително е да се прилагат актуализациите по сигурността, но също така трябва да се разбере как актуализациите влияят на компютъра, за да можеш да ги прегледаш, внимателно да ги приложиш и да си подготвен, ако нещо се обърка.</p>
<p>To keep your computer safe and in good working condition, it is recommended to apply all available updates and to set up system snapshots, so that you can restore your system in case something goes wrong.</p>
<sectionid="concepts">
<title>Основна концепция</title>
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@
</section>
<sectionid="levels">
<title>Прилагане на актуализациите</title>
<title>Troubleshooting</title>
<p>Тази секция обяснява нивата на актуализиране, правила.</p>
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<desc>На актуализациите е зададено ниво, за да се означи какво взаимодействие оказват на операционната система</desc>
<desc>Use update levels when troubleshooting, to identify which update is responsible for a regression.</desc>
</info>
<title>Нива на актуализации</title>
<p>Critical regressions happen very rarely. When they do, restore your system with the latest system snapshot and tell the Linux Mint development team about the regression.</p>
<p>The Linux Mint team will want to know which update is responsible for the regression.</p>
<p>If you are faced with a long list of updates and you're not sure where to look, click on "View"->"Visible Columns"->"Levels".</p>
<p>На актуализациите е дадено ниво, обозначаващо какво въздействие оказват на операционната система.</p>
<td><p>Много рядко. Не се препоръчва. Знае се че създава проблеми.</p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<sectionid="level1">
<title><mediatype="image"src="figures/mintupdate-level1.svg"height="40"/> Ниво 1</title>
@@ -67,7 +63,7 @@
<item><p>Мултимедиен плеър</p></item>
</list>
<p>Може да прилагаш тези актуализации без да се притесняваш от регресии. В най-лошият случай на регресия, ще бъде засегнат само софтуера, но не и самата операционна система.</p>
<p>Regressions in these updates usually only affect the software they're updating, not the operating system itself.</p>
</section>
@@ -78,10 +74,6 @@
<p>За тези актуализации се знае че не засягат големи части или чувствителни части от системата, но няма гаранция че засягат само техния софтуер.</p>
<p>Обобщено, може да приложиш тези актуализации без да се тревожиш за регресии.</p>
<p>Ако важна или потенциална регресия бъде открита в актуализация ниво 2, нивото ѝ ще бъде променено на 3 или 4.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="level3">
@@ -93,12 +85,6 @@
<p>Актуализациите на работната среда също са ниво 3. Ако има критична регресия в Cinnamon, може би няма да може да се впишете.</p>
<p>Има много актуализации ниво 3. Препоръчва се да ги прилагаш внимателно и самостоятелно. Обръщай внимание на това, коя актуализация прилагаш, после проверявай системата, за да си сигурен че всичко работи добре.</p>
<p>Ако нещо се счупи, потърси помощ във форумите или чат канала и кажи на останалите, коя актуализация предизвиква регресия и какво се чупи.</p>
<note><p>Ако автоматично прилагаш стотици актуализации, няма да можеш да посочиш коя е проблемната и ще е трудно да получиш помощ. Всички актуализации ниво 3 са препоръчителни, но се очаква да внимаваш и да знаеш какво ъпгрейдваш.</p></note>
</section>
<sectionid="level4">
@@ -114,34 +100,6 @@
<item><p>Дисплея (Xorg, mesa)</p></item>
</list>
<p>Както другите актуализации, всички от ниво 4 са препоръчителни, особено актуализациите по сигурността.</p>
<p>Но, ако настъпи критична регресия, тя ще засегне чувствителни части от системата.</p>
<p>Може да се окажеш без интернет връзка, да не можеш да стартираш графичната среда или дори да не можеш да стартираш операционната система.</p>
<p>Заради това, винаги трябва да внимаваш, когато прилагаш актуализации ниво 4 (включително актуализациите по ядрото). Прилагай ги една по една и обръщай внимание на версията.</p>
<p>Ако нещо се счупи, потърси помощ във форумите или чат канала и кажи на останалите, коя актуализация предизвиква регресия и какво се чупи.</p>
<note><p>Ако сляпо приложиш стотици актуализации, няма да можеш да посочиш проблемната и ще е трудно да получиш помощ. Всички актуализации ниво 4 са препоръчителни, но се очаква да внимаваш и да знаеш какво надстройваш.</p></note>
</section>
<sectionid="level5">
<title><mediatype="image"src="figures/mintupdate-level5.svg"height="40"/> Ниво 5</title>
<p>Актуализациите ниво 5 са изключително редки.</p>
<p>Когато се намери критична грешка, обикновено се поправя възможно най-бързо.</p>
<p>Линукс Минт има много механизми, чрез които открива проблеми. Отдалечено, докато са в хранилищата, или локално в операционната система. При нормални обстоятелства няма нужда актуализации да бъдат поставени в черния списък.</p>
<p>Ако актуализация има критична грешка и още няма готово решение, Линукс Минт ще маркира конкретната версия, като ниво 5 (не се препоръчва). Това ще предпази потребителите да я приложат, докато не пристигне нова версия в хранилището.</p>
<note><p>Знае се че актуализации ниво 5 предизвикват проблеми. Те са много редки и са само временни. По подразбиране не се виждат и не би трябвало да се прилагат.</p></note>
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<p>Мениджъра на актуализациите е с много настройки. Можеш да отидеш в настройките и фино да настроиш кои нива искаш да са зададени. Това е твоят компютър и можеш да го настроиш по начина по който искаш.</p>
<p>При първото стартиране, той ще се опита да разбере кой си и да зададе твоите настройки. За да се случи това, ще ти покаже правилата за актуализиране и ще те попита да избереш това, което най-ти харесва.</p>
<p>Обобщено за всички правила:</p>
<list>
<item><p>Заради сигурността, всички актуализации по сигурността са винаги видими (без значение кое нива са.)</p></item>
<item><p>Заради сигурността, актуализациите на ядрото (които са 4-то ниво) са винаги видими.</p></item>
<item><p>Заради стабилността, актуализациите от 5-то ниво са винаги скрити.</p></item>
</list>
<note><p>Когато избирате правила за актуализации, някои от настройките в Мениджъра на актуализациите ще бъдат променени. Може да зададеш индивидуални настройки, като натиснеш на Редакция->Настройки на лента с менюта.</p></note>
<sectionid="policy1">
<title>Нови потребители</title>
<p>Първите правила са съобразени с новите потребители. Предполага се че тези потребители не биха могли да работят по критични елементи, засягащи чувствителни части от тяхната система и е направен опит да се минимизира риска да се случат критични регресии.</p>
<p>Отстраняването на грешки е опционално, затова тези правила са насочени към сигурни актуализации (нива 1 и 2), с минимално въздействие на операционната система. Тези актуализации са видими и са избрани по подразбиране.</p>
<p>Сигурността също така е важна, но някои актуализации по сигурността (и конкретно актуализациите по ядрото) засягат чувствителни части от системата. Тези актуализации са видими и се препоръчва на неопитните потребители да ги изберат и приложат с внимание, изолирано, а в идеалния случай и с помощ от опитен потребител, или след като са се запознали как да използват форумите и чат каналите за да могат да потърсят помощ.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="policy2">
<title>Редови потребители</title>
<p>Вторите правила са създадени за мнозинство от хората. Предполага се че тези потребители не са нови в Линукс и знаят или как да разрешават основни проблеми, или знаят къде да потърсят помощ.</p>
<p>Тези правила показват всички препоръчителни актуализации. Актуализациите по сигурността и актуализациите поправящи бъгове (нива 1 и 2) са предварително избрани.</p>
<p>Препоръчва се на потребителите да избират и прилагат актуализации от нива 3 и 4 с внимание и изолирано, и да потърсят помощ ако нещо се обърка.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="policy3">
<title>Напреднали потребители</title>
<p>Тези правила са създадени за напреднали потребители, при които риска от критични регресии е приемлив. Предполага се че тези потребители могат да поправят всеки проблем и искат да приложат всички актуализации наведнъж.</p>
<p>При тези правила, всички препоръчани актуализации са видими и предварително избрани.</p>
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<desc>When faced with a serious regression, restore the latest system snapshot.</desc>
</info>
<title>System snapshots</title>
<p>Timeshift, the system snapshot utility, is available in all versions of Linux Mint.</p>
<p>It can be used to create snapshots manually but also to automate system snapshots.</p>
<p>Linux Mint recommends the automation of daily and boot snapshots.</p>
<p>If an update, a mistake, a bug or a malicious program breaks something on your computer, you can restore the operating system from any snapshot, thus cancelling the problem as if it never happened.</p>
<note><p>System snapshots only cover the operating system itself. They do not include or affect your personal data.</p></note>
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<p>Сигурността е много важна, но също много сложна. Уязвимостите не винаги засягат вашия компютър и може да са трудни за разбиране. Повечето хора не ги разбират и техните персонални компютри са изложени понякога на риск. Иначе казано, сигурността трябва да се приема сериозно.</p>
<p>По подразбиране, обновяванията свързани със сигурността с винаги видими, без значение от избраната политика и нейното ниво.</p>
<p>Софтуерните обновявания не са от първостепенна важност. Те оправят софтуерни грешки, които не са свързани със сигурността. Като такива те не са толкова спешни и понякога се разглеждат като опционални.</p>
<p>Software updates aren't as important. They bring bug fixes or improvements which are not related to security.</p>
<note><p>В Линукс Минт, актуализациите на ядрото носят кръпки по сигурността и поправят грешки (понякога добавят и нови функции), те влияят на критични части от операционната система. Това прави тези актуализации важни,но също така те могат да доведат до регресии, които трудно могат да бъдат поправени от неопитни потребители.</p></note>
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<p>Unfortunately they also sometimes introduce new issues called 'regressions', which can break things which worked well before.</p>
<p>It is recommended to apply security updates but also to understand how updates can affect your computer, so you can review them, apply them with caution and be prepared in case something goes wrong.</p>
<p>To keep your computer safe and in good working condition, it is recommended to apply all available updates and to set up system snapshots, so that you can restore your system in case something goes wrong.</p>
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<desc>Updates are given a level indicating how much of an impact they have on the operating system</desc>
<desc>Use update levels when troubleshooting, to identify which update is responsible for a regression.</desc>
</info>
<title>Update levels</title>
<p>Critical regressions happen very rarely. When they do, restore your system with the latest system snapshot and tell the Linux Mint development team about the regression.</p>
<p>The Linux Mint team will want to know which update is responsible for the regression.</p>
<p>If you are faced with a long list of updates and you're not sure where to look, click on "View"->"Visible Columns"->"Levels".</p>
<p>Updates are given a level indicating how much of an impact they have on the operating system.</p>
<p>You can apply these updates without worrying about regressions. In the worst case scenario a regression would only affect the software you're upgrading, not the operating system itself.</p>
<p>Regressions in these updates usually only affect the software they're updating, not the operating system itself.</p>
</section>
@@ -78,10 +74,6 @@
<p>These updates aren't known to impact large areas or sensitive parts of the system, but they're not guaranteed to only affect their own software either.</p>
<p>In general, you should be able to apply these updates without worrying about regressions.</p>
<p>If an important regression, or potential for regression, was found in a level 2 update, its level would be changed to 3 or 4.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="level3">
@@ -93,12 +85,6 @@
<p>Desktop environments are also level 3 updates. If a critical regression happens in Cinnamon, you might be unable to log in.</p>
<p>There aren't many level 3 updates. It is recommended to apply them with caution and in isolation. Take note of what updates you are applying, check the system afterwards to make sure everything is working fine.</p>
<p>If something breaks, seek help on the forums or the chat channel and tell people which update caused the regression and what is broken.</p>
<note><p>If you blindly apply hundreds of updates and you're unable to pinpoint the problematic one, you're unlikely to find help. All level 3 updates are recommended but you are expected to be cautious and to know what you are upgrading.</p></note>
</section>
<sectionid="level4">
@@ -114,34 +100,6 @@
<item><p>The display (Xorg, mesa)</p></item>
</list>
<p>Like other updates, all level 4 updates are recommended, especially if they are security updates.</p>
<p>However, if a critical regression was present in one of these updates it could impact a sensitive part of your system.</p>
<p>You could find yourself without a connection to the Internet, without the ability to start the desktop environment or even without the ability to boot the operating system.</p>
<p>For this reason you should always be careful when applying level 4 updates (including kernel updates). Apply them one by one and take note of the versions you're applying.</p>
<p>If something breaks, seek help on the forums or the chat channel and tell people which update caused the regression and what is broken.</p>
<note><p>If you blindly apply hundreds of updates and you're unable to pinpoint the problematic one, you're unlikely to find help. All level 4 updates are recommended but you are expected to be cautious and to know what you are upgrading.</p></note>
<p>When a critical bug is found in an update it is usually fixed as soon as possible.</p>
<p>There are many ways for Linux Mint to address issues, and many mechanisms in place both remotely in the repositories and locally within your operating system. So in normal circumstances updates shouldn't need to be blacklisted.</p>
<p>If an update had a critical bug and a solution was being worked on but wasn't ready yet, Linux Mint could mark a specific version of the update as level 5 (i.e. "not recommended"). This would prevent users from applying it until the new version hits the repositories.</p>
<note><p>Level 5 updates are known to cause issues. They are very rare and usually temporary. They are not visible by default and they should not be applied.</p></note>
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<p>The update manager is highly configurable. You can go in the preferences and fine-tune which levels you want to show and which levels you want to preselect. This is your computer and so you can tune it the way you want.</p>
<p>The first time you launch it, it will try to understand who you are and set these settings for you. To do so, it will show you three update policies and ask you to choose the one you like best.</p>
<p>All policies have this in common:</p>
<list>
<item><p>For security reasons, security updates are always visible (no matter what level they are).</p></item>
<item><p>For security reasons, kernel updates (which are level 4) are always visible.</p></item>
<item><p>For stability reasons, level 5 updates are always hidden.</p></item>
</list>
<note><p>When you choose an update policy, some of the preferences are changed in the Update Manager. You can tune these preferences individually by clicking on the Edit->Preferences menu in the menubar.</p></note>
<sectionid="policy1">
<title>Novice users</title>
<p>The first policy is made for novice users in mind. It assumes these users are unable to work around critical issues affecting sensitive parts of their system and tries to minimize their risk to suffer critical regressions.</p>
<p>Bug fixes are optional, so this policy focuses on safe updates (level 1 and 2) with minimal impact on the operating system. These updates are visible and preselected by default.</p>
<p>Security is also important but some security updates (and kernel updates in particular) affect sensitive parts of the system. These updates are visible and novice users are recommended to select them and apply them with caution, in isolation and ideally either with the help of an experienced user, or after they familiarized themselves with the forums and chat channel so they know how to seek help.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="policy2">
<title>Regular users</title>
<p>The second policy is made for the vast majority of people. It assumes these users aren't new to Linux and either know how to solve common problems, or they know where to find help.</p>
<p>This policy shows all recommended updates. Security updates and safe bug-fix updates (level 1 and 2) are preselected by default.</p>
<p>Users are recommended to select and apply level 3 and level 4 updates with caution and in isolation and to seek help if something goes wrong.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="policy3">
<title>Advanced users</title>
<p>This policy is made for advanced users on computers where the risk of critical regressions is acceptable. It assumes these users are able to fix any issue and want to apply all updates all at once.</p>
<p>In this policy, all recommended updates are visible and selected by default.</p>
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<desc>When faced with a serious regression, restore the latest system snapshot.</desc>
</info>
<title>System snapshots</title>
<p>Timeshift, the system snapshot utility, is available in all versions of Linux Mint.</p>
<p>It can be used to create snapshots manually but also to automate system snapshots.</p>
<p>Linux Mint recommends the automation of daily and boot snapshots.</p>
<p>If an update, a mistake, a bug or a malicious program breaks something on your computer, you can restore the operating system from any snapshot, thus cancelling the problem as if it never happened.</p>
<note><p>System snapshots only cover the operating system itself. They do not include or affect your personal data.</p></note>
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<p>Security is very important but also very technical. Vulnerabilities don't always affect your computer and can be quite difficult to understand. Most people don't understand them at all and their personal computers are rarely at risk. That said, a security breach can have dire consequences, so it is always recommended to take them seriously.</p>
<p>By default, security updates are always visible, no matter what policy you chose and what level they are.</p>
<p>Software updates aren't as important. They bring bug fixes or improvements which are not related to security. As such they're less urgent and can even be considered optional.</p>
<p>Software updates aren't as important. They bring bug fixes or improvements which are not related to security.</p>
<note><p>In Linux Mint, kernel updates bring both security patches and bug fixes (and sometimes even new features), and they impact critical parts of the operating system. This makes kernel updates important from a security point of view, but also prone to regressions which can be hard to fix for novice users.</p></note>
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<p>Unfortunately they also sometimes introduce new issues called 'regressions', which can break things which worked well before.</p>
<p>It is recommended to apply security updates but also to understand how updates can affect your computer, so you can review them, apply them with caution and be prepared in case something goes wrong.</p>
<p>To keep your computer safe and in good working condition, it is recommended to apply all available updates and to set up system snapshots, so that you can restore your system in case something goes wrong.</p>
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<desc>Updates are given a level indicating how much of an impact they have on the operating system</desc>
<desc>Use update levels when troubleshooting, to identify which update is responsible for a regression.</desc>
</info>
<title>Update levels</title>
<p>Critical regressions happen very rarely. When they do, restore your system with the latest system snapshot and tell the Linux Mint development team about the regression.</p>
<p>The Linux Mint team will want to know which update is responsible for the regression.</p>
<p>If you are faced with a long list of updates and you're not sure where to look, click on "View"->"Visible Columns"->"Levels".</p>
<p>Updates are given a level indicating how much of an impact they have on the operating system.</p>
<p>You can apply these updates without worrying about regressions. In the worst case scenario a regression would only affect the software you're upgrading, not the operating system itself.</p>
<p>Regressions in these updates usually only affect the software they're updating, not the operating system itself.</p>
</section>
@@ -78,10 +74,6 @@
<p>These updates aren't known to impact large areas or sensitive parts of the system, but they're not guaranteed to only affect their own software either.</p>
<p>In general, you should be able to apply these updates without worrying about regressions.</p>
<p>If an important regression, or potential for regression, was found in a level 2 update, its level would be changed to 3 or 4.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="level3">
@@ -93,12 +85,6 @@
<p>Desktop environments are also level 3 updates. If a critical regression happens in Cinnamon, you might be unable to log in.</p>
<p>There aren't many level 3 updates. It is recommended to apply them with caution and in isolation. Take note of what updates you are applying, check the system afterwards to make sure everything is working fine.</p>
<p>If something breaks, seek help on the forums or the chat channel and tell people which update caused the regression and what is broken.</p>
<note><p>If you blindly apply hundreds of updates and you're unable to pinpoint the problematic one, you're unlikely to find help. All level 3 updates are recommended but you are expected to be cautious and to know what you are upgrading.</p></note>
</section>
<sectionid="level4">
@@ -114,34 +100,6 @@
<item><p>The display (Xorg, mesa)</p></item>
</list>
<p>Like other updates, all level 4 updates are recommended, especially if they are security updates.</p>
<p>However, if a critical regression was present in one of these updates it could impact a sensitive part of your system.</p>
<p>You could find yourself without a connection to the Internet, without the ability to start the desktop environment or even without the ability to boot the operating system.</p>
<p>For this reason you should always be careful when applying level 4 updates (including kernel updates). Apply them one by one and take note of the versions you're applying.</p>
<p>If something breaks, seek help on the forums or the chat channel and tell people which update caused the regression and what is broken.</p>
<note><p>If you blindly apply hundreds of updates and you're unable to pinpoint the problematic one, you're unlikely to find help. All level 4 updates are recommended but you are expected to be cautious and to know what you are upgrading.</p></note>
<p>When a critical bug is found in an update it is usually fixed as soon as possible.</p>
<p>There are many ways for Linux Mint to address issues, and many mechanisms in place both remotely in the repositories and locally within your operating system. So in normal circumstances updates shouldn't need to be blacklisted.</p>
<p>If an update had a critical bug and a solution was being worked on but wasn't ready yet, Linux Mint could mark a specific version of the update as level 5 (i.e. "not recommended"). This would prevent users from applying it until the new version hits the repositories.</p>
<note><p>Level 5 updates are known to cause issues. They are very rare and usually temporary. They are not visible by default and they should not be applied.</p></note>
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<p>The update manager is highly configurable. You can go in the preferences and fine-tune which levels you want to show and which levels you want to preselect. This is your computer and so you can tune it the way you want.</p>
<p>The first time you launch it, it will try to understand who you are and set these settings for you. To do so, it will show you three update policies and ask you to choose the one you like best.</p>
<p>All policies have this in common:</p>
<list>
<item><p>For security reasons, security updates are always visible (no matter what level they are).</p></item>
<item><p>For security reasons, kernel updates (which are level 4) are always visible.</p></item>
<item><p>For stability reasons, level 5 updates are always hidden.</p></item>
</list>
<note><p>When you choose an update policy, some of the preferences are changed in the Update Manager. You can tune these preferences individually by clicking on the Edit->Preferences menu in the menubar.</p></note>
<sectionid="policy1">
<title>Novice users</title>
<p>The first policy is made for novice users in mind. It assumes these users are unable to work around critical issues affecting sensitive parts of their system and tries to minimize their risk to suffer critical regressions.</p>
<p>Bug fixes are optional, so this policy focuses on safe updates (level 1 and 2) with minimal impact on the operating system. These updates are visible and preselected by default.</p>
<p>Security is also important but some security updates (and kernel updates in particular) affect sensitive parts of the system. These updates are visible and novice users are recommended to select them and apply them with caution, in isolation and ideally either with the help of an experienced user, or after they familiarized themselves with the forums and chat channel so they know how to seek help.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="policy2">
<title>Regular users</title>
<p>The second policy is made for the vast majority of people. It assumes these users aren't new to Linux and either know how to solve common problems, or they know where to find help.</p>
<p>This policy shows all recommended updates. Security updates and safe bug-fix updates (level 1 and 2) are preselected by default.</p>
<p>Users are recommended to select and apply level 3 and level 4 updates with caution and in isolation and to seek help if something goes wrong.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="policy3">
<title>Advanced users</title>
<p>This policy is made for advanced users on computers where the risk of critical regressions is acceptable. It assumes these users are able to fix any issue and want to apply all updates all at once.</p>
<p>In this policy, all recommended updates are visible and selected by default.</p>
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<desc>When faced with a serious regression, restore the latest system snapshot.</desc>
</info>
<title>System snapshots</title>
<p>Timeshift, the system snapshot utility, is available in all versions of Linux Mint.</p>
<p>It can be used to create snapshots manually but also to automate system snapshots.</p>
<p>Linux Mint recommends the automation of daily and boot snapshots.</p>
<p>If an update, a mistake, a bug or a malicious program breaks something on your computer, you can restore the operating system from any snapshot, thus cancelling the problem as if it never happened.</p>
<note><p>System snapshots only cover the operating system itself. They do not include or affect your personal data.</p></note>
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<p>Security is very important but also very technical. Vulnerabilities don't always affect your computer and can be quite difficult to understand. Most people don't understand them at all and their personal computers are rarely at risk. That said, a security breach can have dire consequences, so it is always recommended to take them seriously.</p>
<p>By default, security updates are always visible, no matter what policy you chose and what level they are.</p>
<p>Software updates aren't as important. They bring bug fixes or improvements which are not related to security. As such they're less urgent and can even be considered optional.</p>
<p>Software updates aren't as important. They bring bug fixes or improvements which are not related to security.</p>
<note><p>In Linux Mint, kernel updates bring both security patches and bug fixes (and sometimes even new features), and they impact critical parts of the operating system. This makes kernel updates important from a security point of view, but also prone to regressions which can be hard to fix for novice users.</p></note>
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<p>El gestor d'actualitzacions proporciona actualitzacions de programari i de seguretat per al sistema operatiu.</p>
<p>Les actualitzacions són importants perquè mantenen segur l'equip, eliminen errors i poden afegir noves funcionalitats al sistema operatiu.</p>
<p>Les actualitzacions són importants perquè mantenen segur l'ordinador, eliminen errors i poden afegir noves funcionalitats al sistema operatiu.</p>
<p>Malauradament, de vegades també introdueixen nous problemes anomenats 'regressions', que poden malmetre coses que abans funcionaven bé.</p>
<p>Es recomana aplicar les actualitzacions de seguretat, però també comprendre com poden afectar l'equip, de manera que vostè pugui revisar-les, aplicar-les amb compte i estar preparat si alguna cosa falla.</p>
<p>To keep your computer safe and in good working condition, it is recommended to apply all available updates and to set up system snapshots, so that you can restore your system in case something goes wrong.</p>
<sectionid="concepts">
<title>Conceptes bàsics</title>
@@ -29,15 +29,15 @@
</section>
<sectionid="levels">
<title>Aplicar actualitzacions</title>
<title>Troubleshooting</title>
<p>Aquesta secció explica els nivells i polítiques d'actualització.</p>
<p>This section explains update levels.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="kernel">
<title>Actualitzacions del nucli</title>
<title>Actualitzacions del kernel</title>
<p>Aquesta secció explica les actualitzacions del nucli.</p>
<p>Aquesta secció explica les actualitzacions del kernel.</p>
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<p>El nucli és la part central del sistema operatiu. Entre d'altres coses, és responsable del suport del maquinari.</p>
<p>El kernel és la part central del sistema operatiu. Entre altres coses, és responsable del suport del maquinari.</p>
<note><p>A Linux Mint, les actualitzacions del kernel corregeixen errors i vulnerabilitats (de vegades també introdueixen noves funcionalitats), actuant sobre parts crítiques del sistema operatiu. Això fa que les actualitzacions del kernel siguin importants des del punt de vista de la seguretat, però també fa que puguin dur a regressions difícils de reparar per als usuaris novells.</p></note>
<p>Des del punt de vista de la seguretat, és important aplicar les actualitzacions del nucli.</p>
<p>Des del punt de vista de la seguretat, és important aplicar les actualitzacions del kernel.</p>
<p>Una regressió del nucli pot impedir connectar-se a Internet, o arrencar l'entorn d'escriptori, o fins i tot arrencar el sistema operatiu.</p>
<p>Una regressió del kernel pot impedir connectar-se a Internet, o arrencar l'entorn d'escriptori, o fins i tot arrencar el sistema operatiu.</p>
<p>Per aquesta raó és important ser cautelós en aplicar actualitzacions del nucli i saber com revertir-les si alguna cosa surt malament.</p>
<p>Per aquesta raó és important ser cautelós en aplicar actualitzacions del kernel i saber com revertir-les si alguna cosa surt malament.</p>
<sectionid="kernel1">
<title>Es poden instal·lar diversos nuclis</title>
<title>Es poden instal·lar diversos kernels</title>
<p>Quan s'aplica una actualització, se substitueix la versió vella del programari amb una nova versió.</p>
<p>Les coses són diferents amb el nucli. Quan s'aplica una "actualització de nucli", realment s'instal·la un nou nucli al costat del ja existent.</p>
<p>Les coses són diferents amb els kernels. Quan s'aplica una "actualització del kernel", realment s'instal·la un kernel nou al costat del ja existent.</p>
<p>Cada vegada que s'aplica una actualització del nucli, s'instal·la un nou nucli en el sistema, sense eliminar els antics.</p>
<p>Cada vegada que s'aplica una actualització del kernel, s'instal·la un kernel nou en el sistema, sense eliminar els antics.</p>
<p>En l'arrencada, l'equip en selecciona el més recent.</p>
<p>En l'arrencada, l'ordinador selecciona el més recent.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="kernel2">
<title>Identificar el nucli actual</title>
<title>Identificació del kernel actual</title>
<p>Si voleu saber quin nucli s'està usant actualment, obriu un terminal i escriviu:</p>
<p>Si voleu saber quin kernel esteu utilitzant actualment, obriu un terminal i escriviu:</p>
<screen>uname -a</screen>
</section>
<sectionid="kernel3">
<title>Instal·lar i eliminar nuclis</title>
<title>Instal·lació i eliminació de kernels</title>
<p>Es poden instal·lar i eliminar nuclis amb l'Administrador d'Actualitzacions.</p>
<p>Podeu instal·lar i eliminar kernels amb el gestor d'actualitzacions.</p>
<p>Seleccioneu "Veure" - "Nuclis de Linux" al menú.</p>
<p>Seleccioneu "Visualitza" - "Kernels de Linux" al menú.</p>
<note><p>No es pot esborrar el nucli que està en ús. Per fer-ho, cal reiniciar l'ordinador i seleccionar un nucli diferent per arrencar.</p></note>
<note><p>No es pot esborrar el kernel que està en ús. Per fer-ho, cal reiniciar l'ordinador i seleccionar un kernel diferent per arrencar.</p></note>
</section>
<sectionid="kernel4">
<title>Seleccionar un nucli</title>
<title>Selecció d'un kernel</title>
<p>Es poden tenir diversos nuclis instal·lats, però només es pot executar un alhora.</p>
<p>Podeu tenir diversos kernels instal·lats, però només es pot executar un alhora.</p>
<p>Quan arrenca l'equip, la primera pantalla és el menú grub. Aquest menú permet escollir el sistema operatiu, però també es pot triar el nucli.</p>
<p>Quan arrenqui l'ordinador, la primera pantalla és el menú grub. Aquest menú permet escollir el sistema operatiu, però també podeu utilitzar-la per seleccionar un kernel.</p>
<note><p>If you only have one operating system installed, your boot sequence might skip the Grub menu. To force the Grub menu to show, boot the computer and keep pressing the left <key>Shift</key> key.</p></note>
<p>Per a seleccionar un nucli, seleccioneu "Opcions avançades" al menú grub. S'haurien de veure tots els nuclis instal·lats. Trieu el que vulgueu usar i l'equip arrencarà amb ell.</p>
<p>Per a seleccionar un kernel, seleccioneu "Opcions avançades" al menú grub. S'haurien de veure tots els kernels instal·lats. Seleccioneu el que vulgueu utilitzar i l'ordinador arrencarà amb ell.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="kernel5">
<title>Comprovar l'estat DKMS</title>
<title>Comprova l'estat de DKMS</title>
<p>El nucli inclou tots els drivers open source i normalment funcionen molt bé. Els drivers propietaris (NVIDIA, AMD, Broadcom ... etc) no s'inclouen i han autocompilar-se en cada nucli que s'instal·la. Això es fa mitjançant un mecanisme anomenat DKMS.</p>
<p>El kernel inclou tots els controladors de codi obert i normalment funcionen molt bé. Els controladors propietaris (NVIDIA, AMD, Broadcom, etc.) no s'inclouen i han de compilar-se en cada nucli que els instal·leu. Això es fa mitjançant un mecanisme anomenat DKMS.</p>
<p>Si un driver propietari no es recompila adequadament amb DKMS en algun dels nuclis, no funcionarà correctament amb aquest nucli.</p>
<p>Si un controlador propietari no està adequadament recompilat amb DKMS per a algun dels vostres kernels, no funcionarà correctament amb aquest kernel.</p>
<p>Després d'instal·lar o suprimir un nucli, es pot comprovar l'estat DKMS, per assegurar-se que tots els drivers propietaris estan ben instal·lats a cada nucli, amb la comanda següent:</p>
<p>Després d'instal·lar o suprimir un kernel, podeu comprovar l'estat DKMS, per assegurar-vos que tots els controladors propietaris estan correctament instal·lats per a cadascun dels vostres kernels, amb l'ordre següent:</p>
<screen>dkms status</screen>
<note><p>Les noves sèries del nucli solen estar disponibles abans que els drivers propietaris les donin suport via DKMS. Si utilitzeu drivers propietaris, s'aconsella no instal·lar nuclis de sèries més recents que la sèrie del nucli recomanada.</p></note>
<note><p>Les noves sèries de kernels solen estar disponibles abans que els controladors propietaris els hi donin suport via DKMS. Si utilitzeu controladors propietaris, s'aconsella no instal·lar kernels de sèries més recents que la sèrie recomanada del kernel.</p></note>
</section>
<sectionid="kernel6">
<title>Revertir una actualització del nucli</title>
<title>Reversió d'una actualització del kernel</title>
<p>Si alguna cosa no funciona amb l'últim nucli que ha instal·lat (o actualitzat), reinicieu i trieu el nucli que es feia servir anteriorment, esborreu el nou nucli i torneu a reiniciar.</p>
<p>Si alguna cosa no funciona amb l'últim kernel que heu instal·lat (o actualitzat), reinicieu i trieu el kernel que es feia servir anteriorment, esborreu el kernel nou i torneu a reiniciar.</p>
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<desc>El nivell de les actualitzacions indica quin impacte tenen en el sistema operatiu</desc>
<desc>Use update levels when troubleshooting, to identify which update is responsible for a regression.</desc>
</info>
<title>Nivells d'actualització</title>
<p>El nivell de les actualitzacions indica quin impacte tenen en el sistema operatiu</p>
<p>Critical regressions happen very rarely. When they do, restore your system with the latest system snapshot and tell the Linux Mint development team about the regression.</p>
<p>The Linux Mint team will want to know which update is responsible for the regression.</p>
<p>If you are faced with a long list of updates and you're not sure where to look, click on "View"->"Visible Columns"->"Levels".</p>
<p>El nivell de les actualitzacions indica quin impacte tenen en el sistema operatiu.</p>
<p>Podeu aplicar aquestes actualitzacions sense témer les regressions. En el pitjor dels casos, una regressió només afectarà al programa que esteu actualitzant, mai al sistema operatiu.</p>
<p>Regressions in these updates usually only affect the software they're updating, not the operating system itself.</p>
</section>
@@ -78,70 +74,32 @@
<p>Aquestes actualitzacions no afecten grans àrees o a parts sensibles del sistema, però no es garanteix que només afectin el seu propi programari.</p>
<p>En general, podeu aplicar aquestes actualitzacions sense témer que hi hagi regressions.</p>
<p>Si en una actualització de nivell 2 es trobés una regressió important o possibilitat que n'hi hagi, es canviaria a nivell 3 o 4.</p>
<p>Les actualitzacions de nivell 3 no només afecten l'aplicació actualitzada, sinó també a d'altres aplicacions.</p>
<p>Les actualitzacions de nivell 3 no només afecten l'aplicació actualitzada, sinó també en altres aplicacions.</p>
<p>Exemples típics de nivell 3 són les de GTK, DBUS, etc. ... Una regressió en aquestes actualitzacions no farà que l'equip no arrenqui, però pot afectar moltes aplicacions.</p>
<p>Exemples típics d'actualitzacions nivell 3 són les actualitzacions de GTK, DBUS, etc. ... Una regressió en aquestes actualitzacions no farà que no arrenqui el vostre ordinador, però pot afectar moltes aplicacions.</p>
<p>Les actualitzacions d'entorns d'escriptori també són de nivell 3. Si ocorre una regressió crítica en Cinnamon, podria ser impossible iniciar sessió.</p>
<p>No hi ha moltes actualitzacions de nivell 3. Es recomana aplicar-les amb precaució i aïlladament. Prengueu nota de quina actualitzacions aneu a aplicar, i comproveu el sistema després per assegurar-vos que tot funciona bé.</p>
<p>Si alguna cosa s'espatlla, busqueu ajuda en els fòrums o el xat, i indiqueu quina actualització ha causat la regressió, i què ha deixat de funcionar.</p>
<note><p>Si apliqueu cegament centenars d'actualitzacions i després no podeu localitzar quina està donant problemes, serà difícil obtenir ajuda. Totes les actualitzacions de nivell 3 són recomanables, però cal ser previngut i saber què s'està actualitzant.</p></note>
<p>Com d'altres, totes les actualitzacions de nivell 4 són recomanables, especialment si són de seguretat.</p>
<p>No obstant això, si hi hagués una regressió crítica en una d'aquestes actualitzacions, podria afectar una part sensible del sistema.</p>
<p>Us podríeu veure sense connexió a Internet, sense poder arrencar l'entorn d'escriptori, o fins i tot sense poder arrencar el sistema operatiu.</p>
<p>Per aquest motiu, heu de tenir cura en aplicar actualitzacions de nivell 4 (incloent-hi les del nucli). Apliqueu-les una per una i prengueu nota de les versions que apliqueu.</p>
<p>Si alguna cosa s'espatlla, busqueu ajuda en els fòrums o el xat, i indiqueu quina actualització ha causat la regressió, i què ha deixat de funcionar.</p>
<note><p>Si apliqueu a cegues centenars d'actualitzacions i no sou capaç d'esbrinar quina genera el problema, serà difícil trobar ajuda. Totes les actualitzacions de nivell 4 són recomanables, però cal ser cautelós i saber què s'està actualitzant.</p></note>
<p>Les actualitzacions de nivell 5 són extremadament infreqüents.</p>
<p>Quan es troba un error crític en una actualització, normalment es corregeix al més aviat possible.</p>
<p>Linux Mint té moltes maneres de solucionar problemes, i molts mecanismes tant remotament en els repositoris com localment en el sistema operatiu. Així que en circumstàncies normals, no cal posar actualitzacions a la llista negra.</p>
<p>Si una actualització té un error crític i s'està treballant encara en la seva solució, Linux Mint pot marcar una revisió de l'actualització com nivell 5 ( "no recomanada"). Això evitarà que els usuaris la apliquin fins que arribi la nova versió als repositoris.</p>
<note><p>Les actualitzacions de nivell 5 se sap que causen problemes. Són excepcionals i normalment temporals. No són visibles per defecte, i no s'haurien d'aplicar.</p></note>
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<desc>Elecció d'una política d'actualització</desc>
</info>
<title>Política d'actualització</title>
<p>L'administrador d'actualitzacions és molt configurable. Podeu anar a les preferències i ajustar amb detall els nivells que voleu mostrar i què voleu preseleccionar. És el vostre equip i podeu configurar-lo al vostre gust.</p>
<p>La primera vegada que l'obriu, intentarà establir els ajustos més adequats. Per això, us mostrarà tres polítiques d'actualització, i us demanarà que seleccioneu la que preferiu.</p>
<p>Totes les polítiques tenen això en comú:</p>
<list>
<item><p>Per raons de seguretat, les actualitzacions de seguretat sempre són visibles (no importa quin nivell tinguin).</p></item>
<item><p>Per raons de seguretat, les actualitzacions del nucli (que són de nivell 4) sempre són visibles.</p></item>
<item><p>Per raons d'estabilitat, les actualitzacions de nivell 5 sempre són ocultes.</p></item>
</list>
<note><p>En triar una política d'actualitzacions, es canvien algunes preferències del gestor d'actualitzacions. Podeu ajustar aquestes preferències individualment en fer clic al menú Edita->Preferències.</p></note>
<sectionid="policy1">
<title>Usuaris novells</title>
<p>La primera política està pensada per a usuaris novells. Assumeix que aquests usuaris no saben com solucionar problemes crítics que afecten parts sensibles del sistema, i intenta minimitzar el risc de patir regressions crítiques.</p>
<p>Les solucions d'errors són opcionals, de manera que aquesta política se centra en les actualitzacions segures (nivells 1 i 2) amb impacte mínim en el sistema operatiu. Aquestes actualitzacions són visibles i preseleccionades per defecte.</p>
<p>La seguretat també és important, però algunes actualitzacions de seguretat (i les del nucli en particular) afecten a parts sensibles del sistema. Aquestes actualitzacions són visibles i es recomana als usuaris novells seleccionar-les i aplicar-les amb cura, de forma aïllada i idealment amb l'ajuda d'un usuari expert, o després de familiaritzar-se amb els fòrums i xats, de manera que sàpiguen com buscar ajuda.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="policy2">
<title>Usuaris intermedis</title>
<p>La segona política està feta per a la immensa majoria de la gent. Assumeix que aquests usuaris no són nous en Linux i fins i tot saben com solucionar problemes comuns, o saben on trobar ajuda.</p>
<p>Aquesta política mostra totes les actualitzacions recomanades. Les actualitzacions de seguretat i les de solució de problemes segures (nivells 1 i 2) són preseleccionades per defecte.</p>
<p>Es recomana als usuaris seleccionar i aplicar les actualitzacions de nivells 3 i 4 amb precaució i de forma aïllada, i buscar ajuda si alguna cosa falla.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="policy3">
<title>Usuaris avançats</title>
<p>Aquesta política està pensada per a usuaris avançats i per equips on es pugui assumir el risc de regressions crítiques. S'entén que aquests usuaris són capaços d'arreglar qualsevol problema i volen aplicar totes les actualitzacions alhora.</p>
<p>En aquesta política, totes les actualitzacions recomanades estan visibles i seleccionades per defecte.</p>
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<p>Les actualitzacions protegeixen l'ordinador, corregeixen problemes i de vegades afegeixen noves característiques al sistema operatiu.</p>
<p>Malauradament de vegades introdueixen nous problemes anomenats 'regressions'.</p>
<p>Malauradament de vegades introdueixen nous problemes anomenats «regressions».</p>
<p>Les regressions són molt comuns. Són inherents al desenvolupament de programari. Els canvis en el codi poden causar regressions. Per hàbils que siguin els desenvolupadors, no sempre poden preveure totes les situacions o provar totes les configuracions de maquinari possibles.</p>
<p>Les regressions són molt comunes. Són inherents al desenvolupament de programari. Els canvis al codi poden causar regressions. Per molt hàbils que siguin els desenvolupadors, no sempre poden preveure totes les situacions o provar totes les configuracions possibles de maquinari.</p>
<p>Quan ocorre una regressió, fa malbé alguna cosa que abans funcionava bé.</p>
<p>A vegades no és important, però d'altres sí ho és.</p>
<p>A vegades no és important, però d'altres sí que ho és.</p>
<p>Depèn de quina part del sistema operatiu es veu afectada, i de si és possible solucionar-ho o trobar un remei.</p>
<p>Suposem que el lector de PDF no pot imprimir. És molest, però no és tan greu com si la connexió de xarxa deixa de funcionar o si de sobte l'equip no arrenca o no es pot iniciar sessió.</p>
<p>Suposem que el lector de PDF no pot imprimir. És molest, però no és tan greu com si la connexió de xarxa deixa de funcionar o si de sobte l'ordinador no arrenca o no es pot iniciar sessió.</p>
<p>En l'últim cas, pot ser molt problemàtic si no sou expert en Linux i no sabeu com solucionar el problema.</p>
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<desc>When faced with a serious regression, restore the latest system snapshot.</desc>
</info>
<title>System snapshots</title>
<p>Timeshift, the system snapshot utility, is available in all versions of Linux Mint.</p>
<p>It can be used to create snapshots manually but also to automate system snapshots.</p>
<p>Linux Mint recommends the automation of daily and boot snapshots.</p>
<p>If an update, a mistake, a bug or a malicious program breaks something on your computer, you can restore the operating system from any snapshot, thus cancelling the problem as if it never happened.</p>
<note><p>System snapshots only cover the operating system itself. They do not include or affect your personal data.</p></note>
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<item><p>Les 'actualitzacions de programari' corregeixen errors (de vegades també aporten noves funcionalitats).</p></item>
<item><p>Les 'actualitzacions de seguretat' corregeixen vulnerabilitats.</p></item>
<item><p>Les 'actualitzacions del kernel' suposen la instal·lació d'un kernel més recent.</p></item>
<item><p>Les «actualitzacions de programari» corregeixen errors (de vegades també aporten noves funcionalitats).</p></item>
<item><p>Les «actualitzacions de seguretat» corregeixen vulnerabilitats.</p></item>
<item><p>Les «actualitzacions del kernel» suposen la instal·lació d'un kernel més recent.</p></item>
</list>
<p>La seguretat és molt important, però és un tema molt tècnic. Les vulnerabilitats no sempre afecten el vostre ordinador i poden ser bastant difícils d'entendre. La majoria de la gent no les entén però els seus ordinadors poques vegades estan en risc. Dit això, una bretxa de seguretat pot tenir conseqüències nefastes, per això sempre és recomanable prendre-s'ho seriosament.</p>
<p>Per defecte, les actualitzacions de seguretat sempre són visibles, sense importar quina política vau escollir ni de quin nivell són.</p>
<p>Les actualitzacions de programari no són tan importants. Són correccions de problemes o millores que no tenen relació amb la seguretat. Són menys urgents i poden fins i tot ser considerades opcionals.</p>
<p>Software updates aren't as important. They bring bug fixes or improvements which are not related to security.</p>
<note><p>A Linux Mint, les actualitzacions del kernel corregeixen errors i vulnerabilitats (de vegades també introdueixen noves funcionalitats), actuant sobre parts crítiques del sistema operatiu. Això fa que les actualitzacions del kernel siguin importants des del punt de vista de la seguretat, però també fa que puguin dur a regressions difícils de reparar per als usuaris novells.</p></note>
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<p>Správce aktualizací poskytuje operačnímu systému aktualizace softwaru a zabezpečení.</p>
<p>Správa aktualizací dodává operačnímu systému aktualizace software a opravy zabezpečení.</p>
<p>Aktualizace jsou důležité, neboť udržují váš počítač zabezpečený, eliminují výskyt chyb a mohou také přidávat nové rysy do vašeho operačního systému.</p>
<p>Aktualizace jsou důležité, protože udržují počítač zabezpečený, snižují výskyt chyb a mohou dokonce do operačního systému přidávat nové funkce.</p>
<p>Bohužel také někdy představují nové problémy zvané "regrese", které mohou učinit nefunkčními věci, které dříve fungovaly.</p>
<p>Žel také někdy s sebou přinášejí nové problémy zvané „regrese“, které mohou rozbít věci, které dříve fungovaly.</p>
<p>Doporučuje se instalovat bezpečnostní aktualizace, ale také rozumět tomu, jak aktualizace mohou ovlivnit váš počítač, abyste je mohli kontrolovat a uvědoměle instalovat, popřípadě, abyste byli připraveni na případ, že se něco pokazí.</p>
<p>To keep your computer safe and in good working condition, it is recommended to apply all available updates and to set up system snapshots, so that you can restore your system in case something goes wrong.</p>
<sectionid="concepts">
<title>Základní pojmy</title>
<p>Tato část vysvětluje základní pojmy spojené se softwarovými aktualizacemi.</p>
<p>Tato část vysvětluje základní pojmy spojené se aktualizacemi software.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="levels">
<title>Použití aktualizací</title>
<title>Troubleshooting</title>
<p>Tato část vysvětluje úrovně aktualizací a strategie.</p>
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<p>Jádro je centrální část operačního systému. Kromě jiného je zodpovědné také za hardwarovou podporu.</p>
<p>Jádro je ústřední část operačního systému. Kromě jiného je odpovědné také za podporu hardware.</p>
<note><p>Aktualizace jádra v Linux Mintu přináší jak bezpečnostní záplaty, tak opravy chyb (a někdy dokonce i nové funkce), mají ale vliv na kritické části operačního systému. Aktualizace jádra je sice důležitá z bezpečnostního hlediska, zároveň ale může znamenat regresi, která je problematicky řešitelná začínajícími uživateli.</p></note>
<note><p>Aktualizace jádra přinášejí jak opravy zabezpečení, tak chyb (a někdy dokonce i nové funkce), mají ale vliv na kritické části operačního systému. Aktualizace jádra jsou sice důležité z bezpečnostního hlediska, zároveň ale mohou být náchylná na regrese, které mohou být pro začínající uživatele obtížně řešitelné.</p></note>
<p>Z bezpečnostního hlediska je důležité instalovat aktualizace jádra.</p>
<p>Regrese na úrovni jádra se však mohou ovlivnit možnost připojit se k internetu, spustit desktopové prostředí či spustit rovnou celý operační systém.</p>
<p>Regrese na úrovni jádra však mohou ovlivnit možnost připojit se k Internetu, spustit desktopové prostředí nebo vůbec operační systém jako takový.</p>
<p>Kvůli těmto důvodům je důležité být ve střehu při aktualizaci jádra a vědět, jak aktualizace odstranit ve chvíli, kdy se něco pokazí.</p>
<p>Proto je důležité být při aktualizacích jádra ve střehu a vědět, jak vzít instalací aktualizací zpět, pokud se něco pokazí.</p>
<sectionid="kernel1">
<title>Nainstalováno můžete mít i více jader</title>
<title>Nainstalováno může být i více verzí jádra vedle sebe</title>
<p>Pokud nainstalujete aktualizaci, nahradíte starší verzi softwaru jeho novější verzí.</p>
<p>Nainstalováním aktualizace nahradíte starší verzi softwaru tou novější.</p>
<p>Věci se trochu mění při aktualizacích jádra. Pokud aktualizaci jádra nainstalujete, neaktualizujete současné jádro, ale nainstalujete nové jádro vedle toho stávajícího.</p>
<p>Jinak je tomu u jádra operačního systému. Při instalaci aktualizace jádra se nepřepíše to stávající, ale je nainstalováno nové jádro vedle toho stávajícího.</p>
<p>Pokaždé, když aktualizujete jádro, instalujete nové jádro do systému aniž by se původní jádra odstranila.</p>
<p>Pokaždé, když aktualizujete jádro, instaluje se do systému nové jádro, ovšem ta stávající zůstávájí.</p>
<p>Při načítání systému zvolí počítač nejaktuálnější verzi.</p>
<p>Při načítání systému zvolí počítač nejnovější verzi.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="kernel2">
<title>Identifikace aktuálního jádra</title>
<title>Identifikace stávajícího jádra</title>
<p>Pokud chcete vědět, jakou verzi jádra aktuálně využíváte, spusťte terminál a napište:</p>
@@ -49,48 +49,48 @@
</section>
<sectionid="kernel3">
<title>Instalování a odinstalování jader</title>
<title>Instalování a odebírání jader</title>
<p>Jádra můžete instalovat i odinstalovávat ve správci aktualizací.</p>
<p>Jádra je možné instalovat a odinstalovávat ve Správě aktualizací.</p>
<p>Vyberte "Zobrazit" ->"Linuxová jádra" v menu.</p>
<note><p>Nemůžete odstranit jádro, které máte aktuálně spuštěné. Pokud jej chcete odstranit, musíte restartovat počítač a načíst jiné jádro.</p></note>
<note><p>Není možné odstranit jádro, které je aktuálně spuštěné. Pokud ho chcete odstranit, je třeba restartovat počítač a načíst jiné jádro.</p></note>
</section>
<sectionid="kernel4">
<title>Výběr jádra</title>
<p>Můžete mít nainstalováno více jader, ale používat můžete v danou chvíli pouze jedno z nich.</p>
<p>Je možné mít nainstalováno více jader, ale spuštěné může být vždy jen jedno z nich.</p>
<p>Pokud zapnete počítač, první obrazovka, kterou uvidíte, se nazývá Grub menu. Toto menu umožňuje výběr operačního systému, ale také výběr mezi různými jádry.</p>
<p>Když zapnete počítač, jednou z prvních obrazovek kterou uvidíte je nabídka zavaděče Grub. Z ní je možné vybírat operační systémy, ale také různá jádra konkrétního systému.</p>
<note><p>If you only have one operating system installed, your boot sequence might skip the Grub menu. To force the Grub menu to show, boot the computer and keep pressing the left <key>Shift</key> key.</p></note>
<p>Pro výběr jádra zvolte možnost "Pokročilé volby" v Grub menu. Měli byste vidět všechna nainstalovaná jádra v systému. Vyberte poté to, které si přejete načíst.</p>
<p>Jádro vyberete v nabídce „Pokročilé volby“ (Advanced options) zavaděče Grub. Měla by tam být uvedená všechna v systému nainstalovaná jádra. Vyberte z nich to, se kterým si přejete nastartovat počítač.</p>
</section>
<sectionid="kernel5">
<title>Kontrola stavu DKMS</title>
<p>Jádro obsahuje všechny open source ovladače a ty většinou fungují skvěle. Proprietární ovladače (NVIDIA, AMD, Broadcom...) nejsou zařazeny a musí být kompilovány pokaždé, když instalujete nové jádro. Tato věc se dělá přes mechanizmus zvaný DKMS.</p>
<p>Jádro obsahuje všechny open source ovladače a ty většinou fungují velmi dobře. Proprietární ovladače (NVIDIA, AMD, Broadcom, atd.) v něm obsažené nejsou a je proto třeba je při instalaci nového jádra pokaždé znovu zkompilovat. Děje se tak pomocí mechanizmu nazvaného DKMS.</p>
<p>Pokud proprietární ovladače nejsou řádně rekompilovány s DKMS pro jedno z vašich jader, nebudou fungovat korektně na tomto jádru.</p>
<p>Pokud proprietární ovladače nejsou řádně rekompilovány s DKMS pro jedno z nainstalovaných jader, nebudou na tomto jádru správně fungovat.</p>
<p>Po instalaci nebo odstranění jádra si můžete zkontrolovat stav DKMS, abyste měli jistotu, že všechny proprietární ovladače jsou řádně nainstalovány pro každé jádro ve vašem systému. Lze to provést příkazem:</p>
<screen>dkms status</screen>
<screen>stav dkms</screen>
<note><p>Nové série jádra bývají většinou k dispozici dříve než jsou podporovány proprietárními ovladači přes DKMS. Pokud používáte proprietární ovladače, příliš se nedoporučuje provádět aktualizace jádra, především se nedoporučuje instalovat novější série jádra než jsou ty, které jsou doporučovány dodavatelem ovladače.</p></note>
<note><p>Nové série jádra bývají většinou k dispozici dříve než jsou podporované proprietárními ovladači přes DKMS. Pokud tedy používáte proprietární ovladače, příliš se nedoporučuje provádět aktualizace jádra a především se nedoporučuje instalovat novější série jádra než jsou ty, které jsou doporučovány dodavatelem ovladače.</p></note>
</section>
<sectionid="kernel6">
<title>Obnovení aktualizace jádra</title>
<title>Vrácení do stavu před aktualizací jádra</title>
<p>Pokud vám něco nepracuje s nejnovější verzí jádra, kterou jste nainstalovali (například pomocí instalace aktualizace jádra), restartujte počítač a vyberte jádro, které jste používali předtím, poté odstraňte novější jádro a znovu restartujte počítač.</p>
<p>Pokud vám něco nefunguje s nejnovější verzí jádra, kterou jste nainstalovali (například pomocí instalace aktualizace jádra), restartujte počítač a vyberte jádro, které jste používali předtím, poté odstraňte novější jádro a znovu restartujte počítač.</p>