diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticParseKinds.td b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticParseKinds.td
index 1038a4119d4cb4..a10191e91be386 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticParseKinds.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticParseKinds.td
@@ -934,6 +934,8 @@ def err_lambda_capture_misplaced_ellipsis : Error<
   "the name of the capture">;
 def err_lambda_capture_multiple_ellipses : Error<
   "multiple ellipses in pack capture">;
+def err_capture_default_first : Error<
+  "capture default must be first">;
 // C++17 lambda expressions
 def err_expected_star_this_capture : Error<
   "expected 'this' following '*' in lambda capture list">;
diff --git a/clang/lib/Parse/ParseExprCXX.cpp b/clang/lib/Parse/ParseExprCXX.cpp
index aa35200c33b666..b225bb7c8b36cb 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Parse/ParseExprCXX.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Parse/ParseExprCXX.cpp
@@ -926,6 +926,15 @@ bool Parser::ParseLambdaIntroducer(LambdaIntroducer &Intro,
     } else if (Tok.is(tok::kw_this)) {
       Kind = LCK_This;
       Loc = ConsumeToken();
+    } else if (Tok.isOneOf(tok::amp, tok::equal) &&
+               NextToken().isOneOf(tok::comma, tok::r_square) &&
+               Intro.Default == LCD_None) {
+      // We have a lone "&" or "=" which is either a misplaced capture-default
+      // or the start of a capture (in the "&" case) with the rest of the
+      // capture missing. Both are an error but a misplaced capture-default
+      // is more likely if we don't already have a capture default.
+      return Invalid(
+          [&] { Diag(Tok.getLocation(), diag::err_capture_default_first); });
     } else {
       TryConsumeToken(tok::ellipsis, EllipsisLocs[0]);
 
diff --git a/clang/test/Parser/lambda-misplaced-capture-default.cpp b/clang/test/Parser/lambda-misplaced-capture-default.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..d65b875102da75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/Parser/lambda-misplaced-capture-default.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -std=c++20 -Wno-unused-value -fsyntax-only -verify %s
+
+namespace misplaced_capture_default {
+void Test() {
+  int i = 0;
+  [&, i, &] {};   // expected-error {{expected variable name or 'this' in lambda capture list}}
+  [&, i, = ] {};  // expected-error {{expected variable name or 'this' in lambda capture list}}
+  [=, &i, &] {};  // expected-error {{expected variable name or 'this' in lambda capture list}}
+  [=, &i, = ] {}; // expected-error {{expected variable name or 'this' in lambda capture list}}
+
+  [i, &] {};   // expected-error {{capture default must be first}}
+  [i, = ] {};  // expected-error {{capture default must be first}}
+  [i, = x] {}; // expected-error {{expected variable name or 'this' in lambda capture list}}
+  [=, &i] {};  // ok
+  [&, &i] {};  // expected-error {{'&' cannot precede a capture when the capture default is '&'}}
+  [&x = i] {}; // ok
+  [=, &x = i] {};  // ok
+  [x = &i] {};     // ok
+  [=, &x = &i] {}; // expected-error {{non-const lvalue reference to type 'int *' cannot bind to a temporary of type 'int *'}}
+  [&, this] {}; // expected-error {{'this' cannot be captured in this context}}
+
+  [i, &, x = 2] {}; // expected-error {{capture default must be first}}
+  [i, =, x = 2] {}; // expected-error {{capture default must be first}}
+}
+} // namespace misplaced_capture_default
+
+namespace misplaced_capture_default_pack {
+template <typename... Args> void Test(Args... args) {
+  [&, args...] {};         // ok
+  [args..., &] {};         // expected-error {{capture default must be first}}
+  [=, &args...] {};        // ok
+  [&, ... xs = &args] {};  // ok
+  [&, ... xs = &] {};      // expected-error {{expected expression}}
+  [... xs = &] {};         // expected-error {{expected expression}}
+  [... xs = &args, = ] {}; // expected-error {{capture default must be first}}
+  [... xs = &args, &] {};  // expected-error {{capture default must be first}}
+}
+} // namespace misplaced_capture_default_pack