diff --git a/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst b/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
index 762e8133f5d536..b60ca81b046095 100644
--- a/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
+++ b/clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst
@@ -201,6 +201,14 @@ Improvements to Clang's diagnostics
 - Added diagnostics for C11 keywords being incompatible with language standards
   before C11, under a new warning group: ``-Wpre-c11-compat``.
 
+- Now diagnoses an enumeration constant whose value is larger than can be
+  represented by ``unsigned long long``, which can happen with a large constant
+  using the ``wb`` or ``uwb`` suffix. The maximal underlying type is currently
+  ``unsigned long long``, but this behavior may change in the future when Clang
+  implements
+  `WG14 N3029 <https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3029.htm>`_.
+  Fixes `#69352 <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/69352>`_.
+
 Improvements to Clang's time-trace
 ----------------------------------
 
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp
index 0aaaba0e5d15f9..558109dc089150 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaDecl.cpp
@@ -20317,8 +20317,13 @@ void Sema::ActOnEnumBody(SourceLocation EnumLoc, SourceRange BraceRange,
                            ? Context.UnsignedLongTy : Context.LongTy;
     } else {
       BestWidth = Context.getTargetInfo().getLongLongWidth();
-      assert(NumPositiveBits <= BestWidth &&
-             "How could an initializer get larger than ULL?");
+      if (NumPositiveBits > BestWidth) {
+        // This can happen with bit-precise integer types, but those are not
+        // allowed as the type for an enumerator per C23 6.7.2.2p4 and p12.
+        // FIXME: GCC uses __int128_t and __uint128_t for cases that fit within
+        // a 128-bit integer, we should consider doing the same.
+        Diag(Enum->getLocation(), diag::ext_enum_too_large);
+      }
       BestType = Context.UnsignedLongLongTy;
       BestPromotionType
         = (NumPositiveBits == BestWidth || !getLangOpts().CPlusPlus)
diff --git a/clang/test/Sema/enum.c b/clang/test/Sema/enum.c
index f8e380bd62d1ea..b0707914c0d852 100644
--- a/clang/test/Sema/enum.c
+++ b/clang/test/Sema/enum.c
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -triple %itanium_abi_triple %s -fsyntax-only -verify -pedantic
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -triple x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu %s -fsyntax-only -std=c23 -verify -pedantic
 enum e {A,
         B = 42LL << 32,        // expected-warning {{ISO C restricts enumerator values to range of 'int'}}
       C = -4, D = 12456 };
@@ -167,3 +168,27 @@ enum struct GH42372_1 { // expected-error {{expected identifier or '{'}}
 enum class GH42372_2 {
   One
 };
+
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 202311L
+// FIXME: GCC picks __uint128_t as the underlying type for the enumeration
+// value and Clang picks unsigned long long.
+// FIXME: Clang does not yet implement WG14 N3029, so the warning about
+// restricting enumerator values to 'int' is not correct.
+enum GH59352 { // expected-warning {{enumeration values exceed range of largest integer}}
+ BigVal = 66666666666666666666wb // expected-warning {{ISO C restricts enumerator values to range of 'int' (66666666666666666666 is too large)}}
+};
+_Static_assert(BigVal == 66666666666666666666wb); /* expected-error {{static assertion failed due to requirement 'BigVal == 66666666666666666666wb'}}
+                                                     expected-note {{expression evaluates to '11326434445538011818 == 66666666666666666666'}}
+                                                   */
+_Static_assert(
+    _Generic(BigVal,                             // expected-error {{static assertion failed}}
+    _BitInt(67) : 0,
+    __INTMAX_TYPE__ : 0,
+    __UINTMAX_TYPE__ : 0,
+    long long : 0,
+    unsigned long long : 0,
+    __int128_t : 0,
+    __uint128_t : 1
+    )
+);
+#endif // __STDC_VERSION__ >= 202311L