diff --git a/libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/22.rst b/libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/22.rst
index 4ad5452cc29cc..cd8171dc5d1e8 100644
--- a/libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/22.rst
+++ b/libcxx/docs/ReleaseNotes/22.rst
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ Improvements and New Features
   has been improved by up to 3x
 - The performance of ``insert(iterator, iterator)`` of ``multimap`` and ``multiset`` has been improved by up to 2.5x
 - The performance of ``erase(iterator, iterator)`` in the unordered containers has been improved by up to 1.9x
+- The performance of ``map::insert_or_assign`` has been improved by up to 2x
 
 - ``ofstream::write`` has been optimized to pass through large strings to system calls directly instead of copying them
   in chunks into a buffer.
diff --git a/libcxx/include/map b/libcxx/include/map
index b53e1c4213487..395b434fe4a5b 100644
--- a/libcxx/include/map
+++ b/libcxx/include/map
@@ -1144,22 +1144,20 @@ public:
 
   template <class _Vp>
   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(const key_type& __k, _Vp&& __v) {
-    iterator __p = lower_bound(__k);
-    if (__p != end() && !key_comp()(__k, __p->first)) {
-      __p->second = std::forward<_Vp>(__v);
-      return std::make_pair(__p, false);
-    }
-    return std::make_pair(emplace_hint(__p, __k, std::forward<_Vp>(__v)), true);
+    auto __result              = __tree_.__emplace_unique(__k, std::forward<_Vp>(__v));
+    auto& [__iter, __inserted] = __result;
+    if (!__inserted)
+      __iter->second = std::forward<_Vp>(__v);
+    return __result;
   }
 
   template <class _Vp>
   _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(key_type&& __k, _Vp&& __v) {
-    iterator __p = lower_bound(__k);
-    if (__p != end() && !key_comp()(__k, __p->first)) {
-      __p->second = std::forward<_Vp>(__v);
-      return std::make_pair(__p, false);
-    }
-    return std::make_pair(emplace_hint(__p, std::move(__k), std::forward<_Vp>(__v)), true);
+    auto __result              = __tree_.__emplace_unique(std::move(__k), std::forward<_Vp>(__v));
+    auto& [__iter, __inserted] = __result;
+    if (!__inserted)
+      __iter->second = std::forward<_Vp>(__v);
+    return __result;
   }
 
   template <class _Vp>
diff --git a/libcxx/test/benchmarks/containers/associative/associative_container_benchmarks.h b/libcxx/test/benchmarks/containers/associative/associative_container_benchmarks.h
index 535a52f0a08ab..b39569812640b 100644
--- a/libcxx/test/benchmarks/containers/associative/associative_container_benchmarks.h
+++ b/libcxx/test/benchmarks/containers/associative/associative_container_benchmarks.h
@@ -259,6 +259,49 @@ void associative_container_benchmarks(std::string container) {
     }
   });
 
+  if constexpr (is_map_like && !is_multi_key_container) {
+    bench("insert_or_assign(key, value) (already present)", [=](auto& st) {
+      const std::size_t size = st.range(0) ? st.range(0) : 1;
+      std::vector<Value> in  = make_value_types(generate_unique_keys(size));
+      Value to_insert        = in[in.size() / 2]; // pick any existing value
+      std::vector<Container> c(BatchSize, Container(in.begin(), in.end()));
+      typename Container::iterator inserted[BatchSize];
+
+      while (st.KeepRunningBatch(BatchSize)) {
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i != BatchSize; ++i) {
+          inserted[i] =
+              adapt_operations<Container>::get_iterator(c[i].insert_or_assign(to_insert.first, to_insert.second));
+          benchmark::DoNotOptimize(inserted[i]);
+          benchmark::DoNotOptimize(c[i]);
+          benchmark::ClobberMemory();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    bench("insert_or_assign(key, value) (new value)", [=](auto& st) {
+      const std::size_t size = st.range(0);
+      std::vector<Value> in  = make_value_types(generate_unique_keys(size + 1));
+      Value to_insert        = in.back();
+      in.pop_back();
+      std::vector<Container> c(BatchSize, Container(in.begin(), in.end()));
+
+      while (st.KeepRunningBatch(BatchSize)) {
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i != BatchSize; ++i) {
+          auto result = c[i].insert_or_assign(to_insert.first, to_insert.second);
+          benchmark::DoNotOptimize(result);
+          benchmark::DoNotOptimize(c[i]);
+          benchmark::ClobberMemory();
+        }
+
+        st.PauseTiming();
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i != BatchSize; ++i) {
+          c[i].erase(get_key(to_insert));
+        }
+        st.ResumeTiming();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
   // The insert(hint, ...) methods are only relevant for ordered containers, and we lack
   // a good way to compute a hint for unordered ones.
   if constexpr (is_ordered_container) {