From 28d2da2f6c11ab7f2220dc27ef07bbf6bb5e3c8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2023 14:08:54 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/31] Change arch from "riscv" to "risc-v"

---
 config.nims | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/config.nims b/config.nims
index 0d6c4c74cc..a124f3f670 100644
--- a/config.nims
+++ b/config.nims
@@ -65,11 +65,13 @@ proc read_config(cfg: string): DotConfig =
       continue
     case keyval[0]
     of "ARCH":
+      echo "keyval=" & keyval ####
+      echo "keyval[1]=" & keyval[1] ####
       let arch = keyval[1].strip(chars = {'"'})
       case arch
       of "arm", "arm64":
         result.arch = arch
-      of "riscv":
+      of "risc-v":
         result.arch = "riscv32"
       of "sim":
         if defined(amd64):

From 05f966795992f4872419dcc252593751ca801582 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2023 14:09:22 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/31] Skip include

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
index 9cad2fd924..5cfc2615db 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <nuttx/config.h>
-#include "hello_nim_async.h"
+////#include "hello_nim_async.h"
 
 /****************************************************************************
  * Public Functions
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
  * hello_main
  ****************************************************************************/
 
-int main(int argc, FAR char *argv[])
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
   NimMain();
   hello_nim();

From 866d2a310cd212a230d66d872f315c2fca91d00d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2023 14:09:39 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/31] Ignore .nimcache

---
 .gitignore | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 6bdd5c4644..088690722e 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -39,3 +39,5 @@ Make.dep
 .dirlinks
 .vscode
 .DS_Store
+.nimcache
+

From d2864ab653687c1bcbb428419827526e976b5483 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2023 14:37:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/31] Change arch from riscv32 to riscv64

---
 config.nims | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/config.nims b/config.nims
index a124f3f670..d24d0df221 100644
--- a/config.nims
+++ b/config.nims
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ proc read_config(cfg: string): DotConfig =
       of "arm", "arm64":
         result.arch = arch
       of "risc-v":
-        result.arch = "riscv32"
+        result.arch = "riscv64"
       of "sim":
         if defined(amd64):
           result.arch = "amd64"

From 5316172dda801fb504a35d74be63c650ec8d3902 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Fri, 22 Dec 2023 14:41:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/31] Change riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc to riscv-none-elf-gcc

---
 config.nims | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/config.nims b/config.nims
index d24d0df221..4ea2da00b7 100644
--- a/config.nims
+++ b/config.nims
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ switch "mm", "orc"
 
 switch "arm.nuttx.gcc.exe", "arm-none-eabi-gcc"
 switch "arm64.nuttx.gcc.exe", "aarch64-none-elf-gcc"
-switch "riscv32.nuttx.gcc.exe", "riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc"
+####switch "riscv32.nuttx.gcc.exe", "riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc"
+switch "riscv32.nuttx.gcc.exe", "riscv-none-elf-gcc" ####
+switch "riscv64.nuttx.gcc.exe", "riscv-none-elf-gcc" ####
 switch "amd64.nuttx.gcc.exe", "x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc"
 
 switch "nimcache", ".nimcache"

From 9740477d6f9a71449820013f3d9961ec64dfd0a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 03:25:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/31] Fix include

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
index 5cfc2615db..191ef95202 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <nuttx/config.h>
-////#include "hello_nim_async.h"
+#include "../.nimcache/hello_nim_async.h"
 
 /****************************************************************************
  * Public Functions

From 0d5a3f51094922063cf5294559248f78560bb076 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 03:28:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/31] Fix include

---
 examples/hello_nim/Makefile         | 2 +-
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/Makefile b/examples/hello_nim/Makefile
index 52d306d965..351fe19186 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/Makefile
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/Makefile
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ MODULE    = $(CONFIG_EXAMPLES_HELLO_NIM)
 # Hello, World! Example
 
 NIMPATH = $(shell choosenim show path)
-CFLAGS += -I $(NIMPATH)/lib -I ./.nimcache
+CFLAGS += -I $(NIMPATH)/lib -I ../../.nimcache
 CSRCS += $(wildcard .nimcache/*.c)
 
 MAINSRC = hello_nim_main.c
diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
index 191ef95202..18f1151d8f 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <nuttx/config.h>
-#include "../.nimcache/hello_nim_async.h"
+#include "hello_nim_async.h"
 
 /****************************************************************************
  * Public Functions

From 0b8dcb3d579af9142f7b88f724d281e930be7431 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 03:36:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 08/31] Add log

---
 config.nims | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/config.nims b/config.nims
index 4ea2da00b7..f1c81c2d25 100644
--- a/config.nims
+++ b/config.nims
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ proc killoBytes(bytes: int): int =
   result = (bytes / 1024).int
 
 proc read_config(cfg: string): DotConfig =
+  echo "read_config: " & cfg ####
   for line in cfg.readFile.splitLines:
     if not line.startsWith("CONFIG_"):
       continue
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ proc read_config(cfg: string): DotConfig =
   echo "* opt:     " & $result.opt
   echo "* debug:   " & $result.debugSymbols
   echo "* ramSize: " & $result.ramSize
+  echo "* isSim:   " & $result.isSim
 
 func bool2onoff(b: bool): string =
   result = if b: "on" else: "off"

From dcb79fb805706c5746d3be05c2696af8c735b54e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 03:45:30 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/31] Test OK on Linux

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 13 +++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index 580283c17b..ebac46152c 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -16,3 +16,16 @@ proc launch() {.async.} =
 proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
   waitFor launch()
   GC_runOrc()
+
+# hello_nim() ####
+# Output:
+# $ ./hello_nim_async 
+# Hello from task 1! loops: 0
+# Hello from task 2! loops: 0
+# Hello from task 3! loops: 0
+# Hello from task 1! loops: 1
+# Hello from task 2! loops: 1
+# Hello from task 3! loops: 1
+# Hello from task 1! loops: 2
+# Hello from task 2! loops: 2
+# Hello from task 3! loops: 2

From 03476b91e7c0c1e1aa9326c892f01c2c010afc82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 03:52:10 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 10/31] Why is Nim generating JSON instead of compiling?

---
 config.nims                            | 7 +++++++
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+)

diff --git a/config.nims b/config.nims
index f1c81c2d25..31458d8383 100644
--- a/config.nims
+++ b/config.nims
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ proc read_config(cfg: string): DotConfig =
       continue
     case keyval[0]
     of "ARCH":
+      echo "line=" & line ####
       echo "keyval=" & keyval ####
       echo "keyval[1]=" & keyval[1] ####
       let arch = keyval[1].strip(chars = {'"'})
@@ -75,6 +76,8 @@ proc read_config(cfg: string): DotConfig =
       of "arm", "arm64":
         result.arch = arch
       of "risc-v":
+        #### TODO: Check for riscv32 or riscv3
+        #### CONFIG_ARCH_RV32=y or CONFIG_ARCH_RV64=y
         result.arch = "riscv64"
       of "sim":
         if defined(amd64):
@@ -83,12 +86,16 @@ proc read_config(cfg: string): DotConfig =
           result.arch = "arm64"
         result.isSim = true
     of "DEBUG_NOOPT":
+      echo "line=" & line ####
       result.opt = oNone
     of "DEBUG_FULLOPT":
+      echo "line=" & line ####
       result.opt = oSize
     of "DEBUG_SYMBOLS":
+      echo "line=" & line ####
       result.debugSymbols = true
     of "RAM_SIZE":
+      echo "line=" & line ####
       result.ramSize = keyval[1].parseInt
   echo "* arch:    " & result.arch
   echo "* opt:     " & $result.opt
diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index ebac46152c..972a88c2d7 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -17,6 +17,12 @@ proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
   waitFor launch()
   GC_runOrc()
 
+# Compile on NuttX:
+# export TOPDIR=/workspaces/bookworm/nuttx
+# cd /workspaces/bookworm/apps/examples/hello_nim
+# nim c --header hello_nim_async.nim 
+
+# Test in Linux:
 # hello_nim() ####
 # Output:
 # $ ./hello_nim_async 

From 0a01c2fdcea1961d875ebfd3f461cdb7f61c6ada Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 06:19:42 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/31] Pointer size mismatch between Nim and C/C++ backend

---
 config.nims | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/config.nims b/config.nims
index 31458d8383..6d4e70cf1e 100644
--- a/config.nims
+++ b/config.nims
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ switch "mm", "orc"
 switch "arm.nuttx.gcc.exe", "arm-none-eabi-gcc"
 switch "arm64.nuttx.gcc.exe", "aarch64-none-elf-gcc"
 ####switch "riscv32.nuttx.gcc.exe", "riscv64-unknown-elf-gcc"
-switch "riscv32.nuttx.gcc.exe", "riscv-none-elf-gcc" ####
-switch "riscv64.nuttx.gcc.exe", "riscv-none-elf-gcc" ####
+switch "riscv32.nuttx.gcc.exe", "riscv-none-elf-gcc" #### TODO
+switch "riscv64.nuttx.gcc.exe", "riscv-none-elf-gcc" #### TODO
 switch "amd64.nuttx.gcc.exe", "x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc"
 
 switch "nimcache", ".nimcache"
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ switch "d", "nimAllocPagesViaMalloc"
 switch "d", "noSignalHandler"
 switch "threads", "off"
 switch "noMain", "on"
-switch "compileOnly", "on"
+####switch "compileOnly", "on"
 switch "noLinking", "on"
 # TODO: need OpenSSL-mbedTLS wrapper library.
 #switch "d", "ssl"

From 5ba4de512f520b1b6c401df95a7bfcb31a07b719 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 06:38:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 12/31] 
 /home/vscode/.choosenim/toolchains/nim-#devel/lib/std/monotimes.nim:110:63:
 error: 'CLOCK_MONOTONIC' undeclared

---
 config.nims | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/config.nims b/config.nims
index 6d4e70cf1e..043cde7fa2 100644
--- a/config.nims
+++ b/config.nims
@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ proc read_config(cfg: string): DotConfig =
         #### TODO: Check for riscv32 or riscv3
         #### CONFIG_ARCH_RV32=y or CONFIG_ARCH_RV64=y
         result.arch = "riscv64"
+        switch("passC", "-mcmodel=medany")  #### TODO
+        switch("passC", "-march=rv64imafdc_zicsr_zifencei") #### TODO
+        switch("passC", "-mabi=lp64d") #### TODO
       of "sim":
         if defined(amd64):
           result.arch = "amd64"

From c714a317e531aa8ab2de7b9a8e4c4b0f89f66626 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 07:04:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 13/31] Compile Only to JSON

---
 config.nims | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/config.nims b/config.nims
index 043cde7fa2..ce0d8afb46 100644
--- a/config.nims
+++ b/config.nims
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ switch "d", "nimAllocPagesViaMalloc"
 switch "d", "noSignalHandler"
 switch "threads", "off"
 switch "noMain", "on"
-####switch "compileOnly", "on"
+switch "compileOnly", "on"
 switch "noLinking", "on"
 # TODO: need OpenSSL-mbedTLS wrapper library.
 #switch "d", "ssl"
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ proc read_config(cfg: string): DotConfig =
         #### TODO: Check for riscv32 or riscv3
         #### CONFIG_ARCH_RV32=y or CONFIG_ARCH_RV64=y
         result.arch = "riscv64"
-        switch("passC", "-mcmodel=medany")  #### TODO
-        switch("passC", "-march=rv64imafdc_zicsr_zifencei") #### TODO
-        switch("passC", "-mabi=lp64d") #### TODO
+        # switch("passC", "-mcmodel=medany")  #### TODO
+        # switch("passC", "-march=rv64imafdc_zicsr_zifencei") #### TODO
+        # switch("passC", "-mabi=lp64d") #### TODO
       of "sim":
         if defined(amd64):
           result.arch = "amd64"

From e6fc2559ec2381ef2232bacadcda072913f6495d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 07:05:55 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 14/31] Fix nimcache location

---
 examples/hello_nim/Makefile | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/Makefile b/examples/hello_nim/Makefile
index 351fe19186..67e9bf9c97 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/Makefile
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/Makefile
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ MODULE    = $(CONFIG_EXAMPLES_HELLO_NIM)
 
 NIMPATH = $(shell choosenim show path)
 CFLAGS += -I $(NIMPATH)/lib -I ../../.nimcache
-CSRCS += $(wildcard .nimcache/*.c)
+CSRCS += $(wildcard ../../.nimcache/*.c)
 
 MAINSRC = hello_nim_main.c
 

From e96653ec9be424a75676cff5c2e53ad3d988ec4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 07:19:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 15/31] riscv_exception: EXCEPTION: Load access fault. MCAUSE:
 0000000000000005, EPC: 000000008000e19c, MTVAL: c0ef000555638482

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
index 18f1151d8f..ba20f55102 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
@@ -39,3 +39,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   hello_nim();
   return 0;
 }
+
+////TODO
+void riscv_netinitialize(void) {} ////TODO

From 4b3fbbecb54a26d36e6067e0be9cca240ff41145 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sat, 23 Dec 2023 07:30:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 16/31] Hello Nim works OK yay!

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index 972a88c2d7..4bdcd36e31 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ proc launch() {.async.} =
   await task(3)
 
 proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
-  waitFor launch()
+  #### waitFor launch()
+  echo "Hello Nim!" ####
   GC_runOrc()
 
 # Compile on NuttX:

From e7b83709a4fa430db2a7857da814ed86908f07be Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sun, 24 Dec 2023 12:39:01 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 17/31] Clean up

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
index ba20f55102..df1c910156 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_main.c
@@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   return 0;
 }
 
-////TODO
+////TODO: Needed by nuttx/arch/risc-v/src/common/riscv_initialize.c
 void riscv_netinitialize(void) {} ////TODO

From f7fd2d93b355935341658612189de595b34d95eb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2023 06:37:05 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 18/31] Blink LED in Hello

---
 examples/hello/hello_main.c | 42 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+)

diff --git a/examples/hello/hello_main.c b/examples/hello/hello_main.c
index 2cd6cb400a..06b5dd5fb9 100644
--- a/examples/hello/hello_main.c
+++ b/examples/hello/hello_main.c
@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@
  ****************************************************************************/
 
 #include <nuttx/config.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include <nuttx/leds/userled.h>
 
 /****************************************************************************
  * Public Functions
@@ -36,5 +40,43 @@
 int main(int argc, FAR char *argv[])
 {
   printf("Hello, World!!\n");
+
+  // Open the LED driver
+  printf("Opening /dev/userleds\n");
+  int fd = open("/dev/userleds", O_WRONLY);
+  if (fd < 0)
+    {
+      int errcode = errno;
+      printf("ERROR: Failed to open %s: %d\n",
+             CONFIG_EXAMPLES_LEDS_DEVPATH, errcode);
+      return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+  // Turn on LED
+  puts("Set LED 0 to 1");
+  int ret = ioctl(fd, ULEDIOC_SETALL, 1);
+  if (ret < 0)
+    {
+      int errcode = errno;
+      printf("ERROR: ioctl(ULEDIOC_SUPPORTED) failed: %d\n",
+              errcode);
+      return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+  // Sleep a while
+  puts("Waiting...");
+  usleep(500 * 1000L);
+
+  // Turn on LED
+  puts("Set LED 0 to 0");
+  ret = ioctl(fd, ULEDIOC_SETALL, 0);
+  if (ret < 0)
+    {
+      int errcode = errno;
+      printf("ERROR: ioctl(ULEDIOC_SUPPORTED) failed: %d\n",
+              errcode);
+      return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
   return 0;
 }

From 303a06131987ff5d0fec5242ea47e96d8bc0564d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2023 09:25:43 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/31] Test ioctl

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 17 +++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index 4bdcd36e31..63c06c656e 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -13,9 +13,22 @@ proc launch() {.async.} =
     await sleepAsync(200)
   await task(3)
 
+## Import ioctl() from C
+proc c_ioctl(fd: cint, request: cint): cint {.
+  importc: "ioctl", header: "<sys/ioctl.h>", varargs.}
+
 proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
-  #### waitFor launch()
-  echo "Hello Nim!" ####
+
+  ## Print something
+  echo "Hello Nim!"
+
+  ## Test ioctl
+  var ret = c_ioctl(0, 0)
+  echo "ret="
+  echo ret
+
+  ## Finish
+  ## waitFor launch()
   GC_runOrc()
 
 # Compile on NuttX:

From 609b2efe9d89334ddc833ffb48daf01dc6536cdb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2023 09:34:02 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 20/31] Test ioctl

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 35 ++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index 63c06c656e..a5f025ac12 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -1,22 +1,11 @@
-import std/asyncdispatch
 import std/strformat
 
-proc task(id: int): Future[void] {.async.} =
-  for loop in 0..2:
-    echo &"Hello from task {id}! loops: {loop}"
-    if loop < 2:
-      await sleepAsync(1000)
-
-proc launch() {.async.} =
-  for id in 1..2:
-    asyncCheck task(id)
-    await sleepAsync(200)
-  await task(3)
-
 ## Import ioctl() from C
+## Based on /home/vscode/.choosenim/toolchains/nim-#devel/lib/std/syncio.nim
 proc c_ioctl(fd: cint, request: cint): cint {.
   importc: "ioctl", header: "<sys/ioctl.h>", varargs.}
 
+## Main Function in Nim
 proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
 
   ## Print something
@@ -24,18 +13,32 @@ proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
 
   ## Test ioctl
   var ret = c_ioctl(0, 0)
-  echo "ret="
-  echo ret
+  echo &"ret={ret}"
 
   ## Finish
   ## waitFor launch()
   GC_runOrc()
 
-# Compile on NuttX:
+## Compile on NuttX:
 # export TOPDIR=/workspaces/bookworm/nuttx
 # cd /workspaces/bookworm/apps/examples/hello_nim
 # nim c --header hello_nim_async.nim 
 
+## Previously:
+import std/asyncdispatch
+
+proc task(id: int): Future[void] {.async.} =
+  for loop in 0..2:
+    echo &"Hello from task {id}! loops: {loop}"
+    if loop < 2:
+      await sleepAsync(1000)
+
+proc launch() {.async.} =
+  for id in 1..2:
+    asyncCheck task(id)
+    await sleepAsync(200)
+  await task(3)
+
 # Test in Linux:
 # hello_nim() ####
 # Output:

From 69123734dd1bdd8360b098dddc39279af689278b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2023 09:34:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 21/31] Test ioctl

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index a5f025ac12..6ce1d60608 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import std/strformat
+import std/strformat  ## String Formatting
 
 ## Import ioctl() from C
 ## Based on /home/vscode/.choosenim/toolchains/nim-#devel/lib/std/syncio.nim

From 36bd4aa0a0f78cca6cd92b293c6d0f02db966dfc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2023 13:17:27 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 22/31] Test LED in Nim

---
 examples/hello/hello_main.c            |  7 ++--
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello/hello_main.c b/examples/hello/hello_main.c
index 06b5dd5fb9..cc49fe81d9 100644
--- a/examples/hello/hello_main.c
+++ b/examples/hello/hello_main.c
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ int main(int argc, FAR char *argv[])
   if (fd < 0)
     {
       int errcode = errno;
-      printf("ERROR: Failed to open %s: %d\n",
-             CONFIG_EXAMPLES_LEDS_DEVPATH, errcode);
+      printf("ERROR: Failed to open /dev/userleds: %d\n",
+             errcode);
       return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
 
@@ -78,5 +78,8 @@ int main(int argc, FAR char *argv[])
       return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
 
+  // Close the LED Driver
+  close(fd);
+
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index 6ce1d60608..b2d1e810c6 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -1,9 +1,46 @@
 import std/strformat  ## String Formatting
 
-## Import ioctl() from C
+## Import Standard Functions from C.
 ## Based on /home/vscode/.choosenim/toolchains/nim-#devel/lib/std/syncio.nim
+proc c_open(filename: cstring, mode: cint): cint {.
+  importc: "open", nodecl.}
+proc c_close(fd: cint): cint {.
+  importc: "close", nodecl.}
 proc c_ioctl(fd: cint, request: cint): cint {.
   importc: "ioctl", header: "<sys/ioctl.h>", varargs.}
+proc c_usleep(usec: cuint): cint {.
+  importc: "usleep", nodecl.}
+var O_WRONLY {.importc: "O_WRONLY", header: "<fcntl.h>".}: cint
+var ULEDIOC_SETALL {.importc: "ULEDIOC_SETALL", header: "<nuttx/leds/userled.h>".}: cint
+
+proc blink_led() =
+  ## Open the LED driver
+  echo "Opening /dev/userleds"
+  var fd = c_open("/dev/userleds", O_WRONLY)
+  if fd < 0:
+    echo "Failed to open /dev/userleds"
+    return
+
+  ## Turn on LED
+  echo "Set LED 0 to 1"
+  var ret = c_ioctl(fd, ULEDIOC_SETALL, 1)
+  if ret < 0:
+    echo "ioctl(ULEDIOC_SETALL) failed"
+    return
+
+  ## Sleep a while
+  echo "Waiting..."
+  discard c_usleep(500 * 1000)
+
+  ## Turn on LED
+  echo "Set LED 0 to 0"
+  ret = c_ioctl(fd, ULEDIOC_SETALL, 0)
+  if ret < 0:
+    echo "ioctl(ULEDIOC_SETALL) failed"
+    return
+
+  ## Close the LED Driver
+  discard c_close(fd)
 
 ## Main Function in Nim
 proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
@@ -11,9 +48,8 @@ proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
   ## Print something
   echo "Hello Nim!"
 
-  ## Test ioctl
-  var ret = c_ioctl(0, 0)
-  echo &"ret={ret}"
+  ## Blink the LED
+  blink_led()
 
   ## Finish
   ## waitFor launch()

From 597bc576b3a85c04639bcab59ca2d8c427b45213 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2023 13:19:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 23/31] Runs OK yay!

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index b2d1e810c6..e87973228a 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ proc blink_led() =
 
   ## Sleep a while
   echo "Waiting..."
-  discard c_usleep(500 * 1000)
+  discard c_usleep(1000_000)
 
   ## Turn on LED
   echo "Set LED 0 to 0"

From e58c9e728be2dd42b1feb147ec094b5895c50f5e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2023 13:36:47 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 24/31] Runs OK yay!

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 14 ++++++++------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index e87973228a..f415e888ab 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -5,15 +5,17 @@ import std/strformat  ## String Formatting
 proc c_open(filename: cstring, mode: cint): cint {.
   importc: "open", nodecl.}
 proc c_close(fd: cint): cint {.
-  importc: "close", nodecl.}
+  importc: "close", nodecl, discardable.}
 proc c_ioctl(fd: cint, request: cint): cint {.
-  importc: "ioctl", header: "<sys/ioctl.h>", varargs.}
+  importc: "ioctl", nodecl, varargs.}
 proc c_usleep(usec: cuint): cint {.
-  importc: "usleep", nodecl.}
+  importc: "usleep", nodecl, discardable.}
 var O_WRONLY {.importc: "O_WRONLY", header: "<fcntl.h>".}: cint
 var ULEDIOC_SETALL {.importc: "ULEDIOC_SETALL", header: "<nuttx/leds/userled.h>".}: cint
 
+## Blink the LED
 proc blink_led() =
+
   ## Open the LED driver
   echo "Opening /dev/userleds"
   var fd = c_open("/dev/userleds", O_WRONLY)
@@ -28,9 +30,9 @@ proc blink_led() =
     echo "ioctl(ULEDIOC_SETALL) failed"
     return
 
-  ## Sleep a while
+  ## Wait a second (literally)
   echo "Waiting..."
-  discard c_usleep(1000_000)
+  c_usleep(1000_000)
 
   ## Turn on LED
   echo "Set LED 0 to 0"
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ proc blink_led() =
     return
 
   ## Close the LED Driver
-  discard c_close(fd)
+  c_close(fd)
 
 ## Main Function in Nim
 proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =

From 8c5447fa9055e45f0b20d8d7ba00b1a3ff80c6ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2023 13:44:23 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 25/31] Clean up

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index f415e888ab..0ff85ed953 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
 import std/strformat  ## String Formatting
 
-## Import Standard Functions from C.
+## Import NuttX Functions and Macros from C.
 ## Based on /home/vscode/.choosenim/toolchains/nim-#devel/lib/std/syncio.nim
 proc c_open(filename: cstring, mode: cint): cint {.
-  importc: "open", nodecl.}
+  importc: "open", header: "<fcntl.h>",
+  nodecl.}
 proc c_close(fd: cint): cint {.
-  importc: "close", nodecl, discardable.}
+  importc: "close", header: "<fcntl.h>",
+  nodecl, discardable.}
 proc c_ioctl(fd: cint, request: cint): cint {.
-  importc: "ioctl", nodecl, varargs.}
+  importc: "ioctl", header: "<sys/ioctl.h>",
+  nodecl, varargs.}
 proc c_usleep(usec: cuint): cint {.
-  importc: "usleep", nodecl, discardable.}
-var O_WRONLY {.importc: "O_WRONLY", header: "<fcntl.h>".}: cint
-var ULEDIOC_SETALL {.importc: "ULEDIOC_SETALL", header: "<nuttx/leds/userled.h>".}: cint
+  importc: "usleep", header: "<unistd.h>",
+  nodecl, discardable.}
+var O_WRONLY {.
+  importc: "O_WRONLY", header: "<fcntl.h>".}: cint
+var ULEDIOC_SETALL {.
+  importc: "ULEDIOC_SETALL", header: "<nuttx/leds/userled.h>".}: cint
 
 ## Blink the LED
 proc blink_led() =
@@ -54,14 +60,30 @@ proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
   blink_led()
 
   ## Finish
-  ## waitFor launch()
+  ## Previously: waitFor launch()
   GC_runOrc()
 
-## Compile on NuttX:
+## To test the compilation for NuttX:
 # export TOPDIR=/workspaces/bookworm/nuttx
 # cd /workspaces/bookworm/apps/examples/hello_nim
 # nim c --header hello_nim_async.nim 
 
+## Output Log:
+# nsh> hello_nim
+# Hello Nim!
+# Opening /dev/userleds
+# Set LED 0 to 1
+# board_userled_all: ledset=0x1
+# board_userled_all: led=0, val=1
+# board_userled_all: led=1, val=0
+# board_userled_all: led=2, val=0
+# Waiting...
+# Set LED 0 to 0
+# board_userled_all: ledset=0x0
+# board_userled_all: led=0, val=0
+# board_userled_all: led=1, val=0
+# board_userled_all: led=2, val=0
+
 ## Previously:
 import std/asyncdispatch
 

From 6d845fcd4688e1fb5f891996452c774d760b654e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Dec 2023 14:13:53 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 26/31] Clean up

---
 examples/hello/hello_main.c            | 4 ++--
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello/hello_main.c b/examples/hello/hello_main.c
index cc49fe81d9..c3247020b4 100644
--- a/examples/hello/hello_main.c
+++ b/examples/hello/hello_main.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ int main(int argc, FAR char *argv[])
 {
   printf("Hello, World!!\n");
 
-  // Open the LED driver
+  // Open the LED Driver
   printf("Opening /dev/userleds\n");
   int fd = open("/dev/userleds", O_WRONLY);
   if (fd < 0)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ int main(int argc, FAR char *argv[])
   puts("Waiting...");
   usleep(500 * 1000L);
 
-  // Turn on LED
+  // Turn off LED
   puts("Set LED 0 to 0");
   ret = ioctl(fd, ULEDIOC_SETALL, 0);
   if (ret < 0)
diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index 0ff85ed953..b1798b87ca 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ var ULEDIOC_SETALL {.
 ## Blink the LED
 proc blink_led() =
 
-  ## Open the LED driver
+  ## Open the LED Driver
   echo "Opening /dev/userleds"
   var fd = c_open("/dev/userleds", O_WRONLY)
   if fd < 0:
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ proc blink_led() =
   echo "Waiting..."
   c_usleep(1000_000)
 
-  ## Turn on LED
+  ## Turn off LED
   echo "Set LED 0 to 0"
   ret = c_ioctl(fd, ULEDIOC_SETALL, 0)
   if ret < 0:

From f94c0a584b54d78a68ea51f6301d677d0576633a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2023 03:16:03 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 27/31] Blink Loop

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 11 ++++++++---
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index b1798b87ca..80c524d786 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ proc blink_led() =
 
   ## Open the LED Driver
   echo "Opening /dev/userleds"
-  var fd = c_open("/dev/userleds", O_WRONLY)
+  let fd = c_open("/dev/userleds", O_WRONLY)
   if fd < 0:
     echo "Failed to open /dev/userleds"
     return
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ proc blink_led() =
     echo "ioctl(ULEDIOC_SETALL) failed"
     return
 
+  ## Wait again
+  echo "Waiting..."
+  c_usleep(1000_000)
+
   ## Close the LED Driver
   c_close(fd)
 
@@ -56,8 +60,9 @@ proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
   ## Print something
   echo "Hello Nim!"
 
-  ## Blink the LED
-  blink_led()
+  ## Blink the LED 20 times
+  for loop in 0..19:
+    blink_led()
 
   ## Finish
   ## Previously: waitFor launch()

From 1970acb5d8dad3d41b78f90f1e0f4c6461d93c2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2023 10:49:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 28/31] Clean up

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 13 ++++++-------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index 80c524d786..2add47ef28 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -29,6 +29,9 @@ proc blink_led() =
     echo "Failed to open /dev/userleds"
     return
 
+  ## On Return: Close the LED Driver
+  defer: c_close(fd)
+
   ## Turn on LED
   echo "Set LED 0 to 1"
   var ret = c_ioctl(fd, ULEDIOC_SETALL, 1)
@@ -51,12 +54,12 @@ proc blink_led() =
   echo "Waiting..."
   c_usleep(1000_000)
 
-  ## Close the LED Driver
-  c_close(fd)
-
 ## Main Function in Nim
 proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
 
+  ## On Return: Force the Garbage Collection
+  defer: GC_runOrc()
+
   ## Print something
   echo "Hello Nim!"
 
@@ -64,10 +67,6 @@ proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
   for loop in 0..19:
     blink_led()
 
-  ## Finish
-  ## Previously: waitFor launch()
-  GC_runOrc()
-
 ## To test the compilation for NuttX:
 # export TOPDIR=/workspaces/bookworm/nuttx
 # cd /workspaces/bookworm/apps/examples/hello_nim

From 8a1a6de8b13dbbabf609876fd3605e9fbe88ab2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 2023 11:41:41 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 29/31] Clean up

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index 2add47ef28..b9d9937a60 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import std/strformat  ## String Formatting
 
 ## Import NuttX Functions and Macros from C.
-## Based on /home/vscode/.choosenim/toolchains/nim-#devel/lib/std/syncio.nim
+## Based on https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/blob/devel/lib/std/syncio.nim
 proc c_open(filename: cstring, mode: cint): cint {.
   importc: "open", header: "<fcntl.h>",
   nodecl.}

From 1c8af3517d6b7ce7dcf71c562cc3e5d7b634b54a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Wed, 27 Dec 2023 23:20:26 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 30/31] Clean up

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 5 ++---
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index b9d9937a60..fd140b4393 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import std/strformat  ## String Formatting
-
 ## Import NuttX Functions and Macros from C.
 ## Based on https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/blob/devel/lib/std/syncio.nim
 proc c_open(filename: cstring, mode: cint): cint {.
@@ -88,8 +86,9 @@ proc hello_nim() {.exportc, cdecl.} =
 # board_userled_all: led=1, val=0
 # board_userled_all: led=2, val=0
 
-## Previously:
+## Previously: Test for Async Tasks
 import std/asyncdispatch
+import std/strformat
 
 proc task(id: int): Future[void] {.async.} =
   for loop in 0..2:

From aa554ea462afeedacae601d20841e49bedc84dc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Lee Lup Yuen <luppy@appkaki.com>
Date: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 12:02:35 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 31/31] Remove nodecl

---
 examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim | 9 ++++-----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
index fd140b4393..4091203bcd 100644
--- a/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
+++ b/examples/hello_nim/hello_nim_async.nim
@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 ## Import NuttX Functions and Macros from C.
 ## Based on https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/blob/devel/lib/std/syncio.nim
 proc c_open(filename: cstring, mode: cint): cint {.
-  importc: "open", header: "<fcntl.h>",
-  nodecl.}
+  importc: "open", header: "<fcntl.h>".}
 proc c_close(fd: cint): cint {.
   importc: "close", header: "<fcntl.h>",
-  nodecl, discardable.}
+  discardable.}
 proc c_ioctl(fd: cint, request: cint): cint {.
   importc: "ioctl", header: "<sys/ioctl.h>",
-  nodecl, varargs.}
+  varargs.}
 proc c_usleep(usec: cuint): cint {.
   importc: "usleep", header: "<unistd.h>",
-  nodecl, discardable.}
+  discardable.}
 var O_WRONLY {.
   importc: "O_WRONLY", header: "<fcntl.h>".}: cint
 var ULEDIOC_SETALL {.