diff --git a/ask_method.rb b/ask_method.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..840846492
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ask_method.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+def ask question
+	while true
+		puts question
+		reply = gets.chomp.downcase
+
+		if (reply == "yes") || (reply == "no")
+			if reply == "yes"
+				return true
+			else
+				return false
+			end
+			
+		else
+			puts "Please answer yes or no."
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+puts "Hello and welcome to pointless questions."
+
+ask "Do you like cake?"
+ask "Do you like birthdays?"
+ask "Do you like the idea of going to bed right now for a solid 8 hours sleep??"
+
+# tidy up method by removing the answer variable.
+# use return to exit from the loop
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/ask.rb b/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/ask.rb
index 01716eb35..aabeea853 100644
--- a/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/ask.rb
+++ b/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/ask.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
 def ask question
-  # your code here
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+  while true
+		puts question
+		reply = gets.chomp.downcase
+
+		if (reply == "yes") || (reply == "no")
+			if reply == "yes"
+				return true
+			else
+				return false
+			end
+
+		else
+			puts "Please answer yes or no."
+		end
+	end
+end
diff --git a/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/old_school_roman_numerals.rb b/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/old_school_roman_numerals.rb
index ca6589f2d..cdd7451d0 100644
--- a/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/old_school_roman_numerals.rb
+++ b/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/old_school_roman_numerals.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,39 @@
 def old_roman_numeral num
-  # your code here
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+  while num.to_i <= 3000
+    array = num.to_s.split(//).map { |x| x.to_i }
+    result =[]
+    until array.length == 4
+      array.unshift(0)
+    end
+    if array[-4] < 5
+        number = array[-4]
+        number.times { result << "M" }
+    end
+    if array[-3] < 5
+        number = array[-3]
+        number.times { result << "C" }
+    else
+        number = array[-3]
+        result << "D"
+        (number-5).times { result << "C" }
+    end
+    if array[-2] < 5
+        number = array[-2]
+        number.times { result << "X" }
+    else
+        number = array[-2]
+        result << "L"
+        (number-5).times { result << "X" }
+    end
+    if array[-1] < 5
+        number = array[-1]
+        number.times { result << "I" }
+    else
+        number = array[-1]
+        result << "V"
+        (number-5).times { result << "I" }
+    end
+    return result.join("")
+  end
+  return "Number must be greater than 3000."
+end
diff --git a/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/roman_numerals.rb b/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/roman_numerals.rb
index 5c93b59ac..fb6fae4d0 100644
--- a/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/roman_numerals.rb
+++ b/ch09-writing-your-own-methods/roman_numerals.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,74 @@
 def roman_numeral num
-  # your code here
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+  while num.to_i <= 3000
+		# split number into an array
+		array = num.to_s.split(//).map { |x| x.to_i }
+		result =[]
+		# array has length of 4
+		until array.length == 4
+		    array.unshift(0)
+		end
+		# 1000s of number
+		if array[-4] < 4
+				number = array[-4]
+				number.times { result << "M" }
+		end
+		# 100s of number
+		if array[-3] < 4
+				number = array[-3]
+				number.times { result << "C" }
+		elsif array[-3] == 4
+				number = array[-3]
+				result << "CD"
+		elsif array[-3] == 6
+				number = array[-3]
+				result << "DC"
+		elsif array[-3] == 9
+				number = array[-3]
+				result << "CM"
+		else
+				number = array[-3]
+				result << "D"
+				(number-5).times { result << "C" }
+		end
+		# 10s of number
+		if array[-2] < 4
+				number = array[-2]
+				number.times { result << "X" }
+		elsif array[-2] == 4
+				number = array[-2]
+				result << "XL"
+		elsif array[-2] == 6
+				number = array[-2]
+				result << "LX"
+		elsif array[-2] == 9
+				number = array[-2]
+				result << "XC"
+		else
+				number = array[-2]
+				result << "L"
+				(number-5).times { result << "X" }
+		end
+		# single digits of number
+		if array[-1] < 4
+				number = array[-1]
+				number.times { result << "I" }
+		elsif array[-1] == 4
+				number = array[-1]
+				result << "IV"
+		elsif array[-1] == 6
+				number = array[-1]
+				result << "VI"
+		elsif array[-1] == 9
+				number = array[-1]
+				result << "IX"
+		else
+				number = array[-1]
+				result << "V"
+				(number-5).times { result << "I" }
+		end
+		# return number in roman numerals
+    	return result.join("")
+	end
+	puts "Number must be greater than 3000."
+	exit
+end
diff --git a/ch10-nothing-new/dictionary_sort.rb b/ch10-nothing-new/dictionary_sort.rb
index c9893d0fd..8ac735230 100644
--- a/ch10-nothing-new/dictionary_sort.rb
+++ b/ch10-nothing-new/dictionary_sort.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,39 @@
 def dictionary_sort arr
-  # your code here
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+	recursive_sort(arr, [])
+end
+
+def recursive_sort unsorted_array, sorted_array
+	if unsorted_array.length < 1
+		return sorted_array
+	end
+
+	smallest = unsorted_array.pop
+	still_unsorted = []
+
+	unsorted_array.each { |tested_object| 
+		if tested_object.downcase < smallest.downcase
+			still_unsorted << smallest
+			smallest = tested_object
+		else
+			still_unsorted << tested_object
+		end
+		}	
+	sorted_array << smallest
+	recursive_sort still_unsorted, sorted_array
+end
+puts dictionary_sort(['Apple', 'apple', 'Banana', 'BANANA', 'banana']).join(' ')
+# print sort(['apple', 'Apple', 'APPLE'])
+
+# put everything to downcase, sort, then revert back to original.
+
+# smallest = APPLE 65
+# tested_object = apple 97
+#  65 < 97 therefore tested_object < smallest FALSE, still_unsorted << apple
+# tested_object = Apple 65
+# 65 < 97 therefore tested_object< smallest FALSE, still_unsorted << Apple
+# tested_object = APPLE 86
+# 97 < 97 FALSE, still unsorted << APPLE
+
+# print dictionary_sort(['testing', 'with', 'DUPLICATE', 'duplicate', 'words', 'alright'])
+# print dictionary_sort(['f', 'v', 'e', 'd', 'j', 'f'])
+# print dictionary_sort(['Apple', 'apple', 'Banana', 'BANANA', 'banana'])
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch10-nothing-new/english_number.rb b/ch10-nothing-new/english_number.rb
index c0129bc4e..ab38ab1d8 100644
--- a/ch10-nothing-new/english_number.rb
+++ b/ch10-nothing-new/english_number.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,88 @@
 def english_number number
-  # your code here
+
+	if number < 0
+		return "Please enter a number that isn't negative."
+	end
+	if number == 0
+		return 'zero'
+	end
+
+	num_string = ''
+	ones_place = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight', 'nine']
+	tens_place = ['ten', 'twenty', 'thirty', 'forty', 'fifty', 'sixty', 'seventy', 'eighty', 'ninety']
+	teenagers = ['eleven', 'twelve', 'thirteen', 'fourteen', 'fifteen', 'sixteen', 'seventeen', 'eighteen', 'nineteen']
+	zillions = [
+			['hundred', 2], ['thousand', 3], ['million', 6], ['billion', 9], ['trillion', 12], ['quadrillion', 15],
+			['quintillion', 18], ['sextillion', 21], ['septillion', 24], ['octillion', 27], ['nonillion', 30], 
+			['decillion', 33], ['undecillion', 36], ['duodecillion', 39], ['tredecillion', 42], ['quattuordecillion', 45], 
+			['quindecillion', 48], ['sexdecillion', 51], ['septendecillion', 54], ['octodecillion', 57], ['novemdecillion', 60],
+			['vigintillion', 63], ['googol', 100]
+		]
+		
+	left = number
+
+	# Zillions
+	while zillions.length > 0
+		zil_pair = zillions.pop
+		zil_name = zil_pair[0]
+		zil_base = 10 ** zil_pair[1]
+		write = left/zil_base
+		left = left - write*zil_base
+
+		if write > 0
+			prefix = english_number write
+			num_string = num_string + prefix + ' ' + zil_name
+			if left > 0
+				num_string = num_string + ' '
+			end			
+		end
+	end
+		
+	# Tens
+	write = left/10
+	left = left - write*10
+
+	if write > 0
+		if ((write == 1) and (left > 0))
+			num_string = num_string + teenagers[left-1]
+			left = 0
+		else
+			num_string = num_string + tens_place[write-1]
+		end
+
+		if left > 0
+			num_string = num_string + '-'
+		end
+	end
+
+	# Single digits
+	write = left
+	left = 0
+
+	if write > 0
+		num_string = num_string + ones_place[write - 1]
+	end
+	
+	num_string
+
 end
+
+
+puts english_number(  0)
+puts english_number(  9)
+puts english_number( 10)
+puts english_number( 11)
+puts english_number( 17)
+puts english_number( 32)
+puts english_number( 88)
+puts english_number( 99)
+puts english_number(101)
+puts english_number(234)
+puts english_number(3211)
+puts english_number(999999)
+puts english_number(574645)
+puts english_number(1000000)
+puts english_number(1000000000000)
+puts english_number(1000000000032)
+puts english_number(2343234355434457357)
+puts english_number(109238745102938560129834709285360238475982374561034)
diff --git a/ch10-nothing-new/ninety_nine_bottles_of_beer.rb b/ch10-nothing-new/ninety_nine_bottles_of_beer.rb
index 801de24bd..0d5c1bf09 100644
--- a/ch10-nothing-new/ninety_nine_bottles_of_beer.rb
+++ b/ch10-nothing-new/ninety_nine_bottles_of_beer.rb
@@ -1 +1,98 @@
-# your code here
\ No newline at end of file
+def english_number number
+
+	if number < 0
+		return "Please enter a number that isn't negative."
+	end
+	if number == 0
+		return 'zero'
+	end
+
+	num_string = ''
+	ones_place = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight', 'nine']
+	tens_place = ['ten', 'twenty', 'thirty', 'forty', 'fifty', 'sixty', 'seventy', 'eighty', 'ninety']
+	teenagers = ['eleven', 'twelve', 'thirteen', 'fourteen', 'fifteen', 'sixteen', 'seventeen', 'eighteen', 'nineteen']
+	zillions = [
+			['hundred', 2], ['thousand', 3], ['million', 6], ['billion', 9], ['trillion', 12], ['quadrillion', 15],
+			['quintillion', 18], ['sextillion', 21], ['septillion', 24], ['octillion', 27], ['nonillion', 30], 
+			['decillion', 33], ['undecillion', 36], ['duodecillion', 39], ['tredecillion', 42], ['quattuordecillion', 45], 
+			['quindecillion', 48], ['sexdecillion', 51], ['septendecillion', 54], ['octodecillion', 57], ['novemdecillion', 60],
+			['vigintillion', 63], ['googol', 100]
+		]
+		
+	left = number
+
+	# Zillions
+	while zillions.length > 0
+		zil_pair = zillions.pop
+		zil_name = zil_pair[0]
+		zil_base = 10 ** zil_pair[1]
+		write = left/zil_base
+		left = left - write*zil_base
+
+		if write > 0
+			prefix = english_number write
+			num_string = num_string + prefix + ' ' + zil_name
+			if left > 0
+				num_string = num_string + ' '				
+			end
+		end
+	end
+		
+	# Tens
+	write = left/10
+	left = left - write*10
+
+	if write > 0
+		if ((write == 1) and (left > 0))
+			num_string = num_string + teenagers[left-1]
+			left = 0
+		else
+			num_string = num_string + tens_place[write-1]
+		end
+		if left > 0
+			num_string = num_string + '-'
+		end
+	end
+
+	# Single digits
+	write = left
+	left = 0
+
+	if write > 0
+		num_string = num_string + ones_place[write - 1]
+	end	
+	num_string
+end
+
+		num_at_start = 5
+		num_now = num_at_start
+		while num_now > 2
+			puts english_number(num_now) + " bottles of beer on the wall, "
+			puts english_number(num_now) + " bottles of beer. "
+			puts "Take one down and what have you got... "
+			num_now = num_now - 1
+			puts english_number(num_now) + " bottles of beer on the wall!"
+		end
+		puts "Two bottles of beer on the wall, two bottles of beer!"
+		puts "Take one down, pass it around, one bottle of beer on the wall!"
+		puts "One bottle of beer on the wall, one bottle of beer!"
+		puts "Take one down, pass it around, no more bottles of beer on the wall!"
+
+# puts english_number(  0)
+puts english_number(  9)
+# puts english_number( 10)
+# puts english_number( 11)
+# puts english_number( 17)
+# puts english_number( 32)
+# puts english_number( 88)
+# puts english_number( 99)
+# puts english_number(101)
+# puts english_number(234)
+# puts english_number(3211)
+# puts english_number(999999)
+# puts english_number(574645)
+# puts english_number(1000000)
+# puts english_number(1000000000000)
+# puts english_number(1000000000032)
+# puts english_number(2343234355434457357)
+# puts english_number(109238745102938560129834709285360238475982374561034)
diff --git a/ch10-nothing-new/shuffle.rb b/ch10-nothing-new/shuffle.rb
index a486ad94c..24fa817bf 100644
--- a/ch10-nothing-new/shuffle.rb
+++ b/ch10-nothing-new/shuffle.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
 def shuffle arr
-  # your code here
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+	recursive_shuffle arr, []
+end
+
+def recursive_shuffle old_array, new_array
+	until old_array.length < 1
+		new_array << old_array.delete_at(rand(old_array.length))
+	end
+	new_array
+end
+
+shuffle([1, 4, 5, 10, 2, 2])
+shuffle(['testing', 'with', 'words'])
+shuffle(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'])
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch10-nothing-new/sort.rb b/ch10-nothing-new/sort.rb
index 44c6deb58..3ccea87ad 100644
--- a/ch10-nothing-new/sort.rb
+++ b/ch10-nothing-new/sort.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,30 @@
 def sort arr
-  # your code here
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+	recursive_sort(arr, [])
+end
+
+def recursive_sort unsorted_array, sorted_array
+	if unsorted_array.length < 1
+		return sorted_array
+	end
+
+	smallest = unsorted_array.pop
+	still_unsorted = []
+
+	unsorted_array.each { |tested_object| 
+		if tested_object < smallest
+			still_unsorted << smallest
+			smallest = tested_object
+		else
+			still_unsorted << tested_object
+		end
+		}	
+	sorted_array << smallest
+	recursive_sort still_unsorted, sorted_array
+end
+
+
+print sort(['testing', 'with', 'duplicate', 'duplicate', 'words', 'alright'])
+print sort(['testing', 'with', 'DUPLICATE', 'duplicate', 'words', 'alright'])
+
+print sort(['f', 'v', 'e', 'd', 'j', 'f'])
+print sort(['Apple', 'apple', 'Banana', 'BANANA', 'banana'])
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch11-reading-and-writing/build_a_better_playlist.rb b/ch11-reading-and-writing/build_a_better_playlist.rb
index 3b31bd241..214db1867 100644
--- a/ch11-reading-and-writing/build_a_better_playlist.rb
+++ b/ch11-reading-and-writing/build_a_better_playlist.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,32 @@
 def music_shuffle filenames
-  # your code here
+	mp3_sort = filenames.sort
+	mp3_length = filenames.length
+
+	# shuffle twice
+	2.times do 
+		left_pile_index = 0
+		right_pile_index = mp3_length/2
+		shuffle = []
+		while shuffle.length < mp3_length
+			if shuffle.length%2 == 0
+				# take care from right pile
+				shuffle.push(mp3_sort[right_pile_index])
+				right_pile_index = right_pile_index + 1
+			else
+				# take care from left pile
+				shuffle.push(mp3_sort[left_pile_index])
+				left_pile_index = left_pile_index + 1
+			end 
+		end
+		mp3_sort = shuffle
+	end
+	# cut the deck
+	array = []
+	cut_deck = rand(mp3_length) #index of card to cut at
+	index = 0
+	while index < mp3_length
+		array.push(mp3_sort[(index+cut_deck)%mp3_length])
+		index = index + 1
+	end
+	array
 end
diff --git a/ch11-reading-and-writing/build_your_own_playlist.rb b/ch11-reading-and-writing/build_your_own_playlist.rb
index 801de24bd..d94a5d355 100644
--- a/ch11-reading-and-writing/build_your_own_playlist.rb
+++ b/ch11-reading-and-writing/build_your_own_playlist.rb
@@ -1 +1,22 @@
-# your code here
\ No newline at end of file
+def shuffle arr
+	recursive_shuffle arr, []
+end
+
+def recursive_shuffle old_array, new_array
+	until old_array.length < 1
+		new_array << old_array.delete_at(rand(old_array.length))
+	end
+	new_array
+end
+
+# build playlist
+	# search for mp3 files at specified address
+	# using shuffle method to mix it up
+mp3_files = shuffle(Dir['/Users/jen/Music/Albums/**/*.{MP3,mp3}'])
+
+# write mp3 files to playlist.m3u
+playlist = 'playlist.m3u'	
+File.open playlist, 'w' do |f|
+	f.write mp3_files
+end
+
diff --git a/ch11-reading-and-writing/safer_picture_downloading.rb b/ch11-reading-and-writing/safer_picture_downloading.rb
index 801de24bd..404948a58 100644
--- a/ch11-reading-and-writing/safer_picture_downloading.rb
+++ b/ch11-reading-and-writing/safer_picture_downloading.rb
@@ -1 +1,43 @@
-# your code here
\ No newline at end of file
+# shows pwd
+Dir.pwd
+# change directory to where you want files to be saved
+Dir.chdir '/Users/Jen/someDir/pictures/'
+
+# find all the pictures to be moved to the current directory
+file_names = Dir['/Users/jen/Makers-Academy/pre-course/week2/ruby_files/**/*.jpg']
+
+# give the batch of files a name
+puts "What would you like to call this batch?"
+batch_name = gets.chomp
+
+# download pictures to pwd
+print "Downloading #{file_names.length} files: "
+# This is the counter
+file_number = 1
+file_names.each { |name|
+		# does file already exist?
+	# file renaming
+	# iterate over all found files and rename
+	print '.' #this is the progress bar
+	new_name = if file_number < 10
+				"#{batch_name}0#{file_number}.jpg"
+			else
+				"#{batch_name}#{file_number}.jpg"
+			end	
+	if File.exists?(new_name)
+		puts "This file already exists. Do you want to overwrite this file?"
+		answer = gets.chomp
+		if answer == "yes"
+			File.rename(name, new_name)
+		else
+			puts "Not moving this file."
+		end
+	else
+		File.rename(name, new_name)
+	end
+	# increment counter
+	file_number = file_number + 1
+}
+
+puts 
+puts "Done!"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/birthday_helper.rb b/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/birthday_helper.rb
index 801de24bd..31b63aa8d 100644
--- a/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/birthday_helper.rb
+++ b/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/birthday_helper.rb
@@ -1 +1,28 @@
-# your code here
\ No newline at end of file
+require 'date'
+require 'time_difference'
+
+current_date = Time.now
+puts current_date
+
+birth_dates = {}
+
+# write a program to read in names and birth dates from a text file
+File.readlines('birthdays.txt').each do |line|
+	name, date, year = line.split(',')
+	birth_dates[name] = Time.gm(year, *(date.split)) #gives birth time in year-month-date-hour-minute-second format
+end
+
+# ask for a name
+puts "Please type the name you require: "
+name = gets.chomp
+puts
+
+# getting dates in the format we would like
+bday = birth_dates[name].strftime("%e of %B, %Y.")
+bday_month = birth_dates[name].strftime("%B")
+bday_date = birth_dates[name].strftime("%e")
+
+age_in_years = TimeDifference.between(bday, current_date).in_years.to_i
+
+# output
+puts "#{name} will be #{age_in_years+1} on #{bday_date} of #{bday_month}.#{}"
diff --git a/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/birthdays.txt b/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/birthdays.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea3492642
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/birthdays.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Christopher Alexander, Oct 4, 1936
+Christopher Lambert, Mar 29, 1957
+Christopher Lee, May 27, 1922
+Christopher Lloyd, Oct 22, 1938
+Christopher Pine, Aug 3, 1976
+Christopher Plummer, Dec 13, 1927
+Christopher Walken, Mar 31, 1943
+The King of Spain, Jan 5, 1938
diff --git a/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/happy_birthday.rb b/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/happy_birthday.rb
index 801de24bd..2dad72a60 100644
--- a/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/happy_birthday.rb
+++ b/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/happy_birthday.rb
@@ -1 +1,23 @@
-# your code here
\ No newline at end of file
+require 'date'
+require 'time_difference'
+
+# Today's date
+current_date = Time.new
+# ask what year a person was born
+puts "What year were you born?"
+year = gets.chomp
+# then the month
+puts "What month were you born?"
+month = gets.chomp
+# then the day
+puts "What date were you born?"
+date = gets.chomp
+
+# figure out how old they are 
+age = Time.mktime(year, month, date)
+diff_in_years = TimeDifference.between(age, current_date).in_years.to_i
+# give them a big SPANK for each birthday they have had.
+puts "Here are #{diff_in_years} spanks for your birthday!"
+diff_in_years.times do |spank|
+	print "SPANK! "
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/one_billion_seconds.rb b/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/one_billion_seconds.rb
index 801de24bd..ae84a2244 100644
--- a/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/one_billion_seconds.rb
+++ b/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/one_billion_seconds.rb
@@ -1 +1,16 @@
-# your code here
\ No newline at end of file
+require 'date'
+# find the exact second you were born.
+
+# set starting time to 0 - epoch
+starting_time = Time.at(0)
+puts starting_time
+# set finishing time to my birthday
+birthday = Time.mktime(1982, 12, 6, 22, 0)
+puts birthday
+# find difference
+seconds = birthday - starting_time
+puts "I was born #{seconds} seconds after the epoch."
+
+# find out when you will turn 1 billion seconds old.
+one_billion_secs = birthday + 1000000000
+puts "By #{one_billion_secs}, I will be 1 billion seconds old."
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/party_like_its_roman_to_integer_mcmxcix.rb b/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/party_like_its_roman_to_integer_mcmxcix.rb
index 037b6cb09..765576b68 100644
--- a/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/party_like_its_roman_to_integer_mcmxcix.rb
+++ b/ch12-new-classes-of-objects/party_like_its_roman_to_integer_mcmxcix.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,35 @@
-def roman_to_integer roman
-  # your code here
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+def roman_to_integer(roman)
+	 digit_values = {
+	 	'i' => 1,
+	 	'v' => 5,
+	 	'x' => 10,
+	 	'l' => 50,
+	 	'c' => 100,
+	 	'd' => 500, 
+	 	'm' => 1000
+	 }
+	total = 0
+	prev = 0
+	index = roman.length - 1  
+
+	while index >= 0
+		c = roman[index].downcase
+		index = index - 1
+		val = digit_values[c]
+		if !val
+			puts "This is not a valid roman numeral!"
+			return
+		end
+		if val < prev
+			val = val * -1
+		else
+			prev = val
+		end
+		total = total + val
+	end
+	total
+end
+				
+
+
+# puts roman_to_integer("CXX")
diff --git a/ch13-creating-new-classes/extend_built_in_classes.rb b/ch13-creating-new-classes/extend_built_in_classes.rb
index c3e793933..6dff81215 100644
--- a/ch13-creating-new-classes/extend_built_in_classes.rb
+++ b/ch13-creating-new-classes/extend_built_in_classes.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,95 @@
 class Integer
-  # your code here
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+	def factorial 
+		if self < 0
+			return "You can't take the factorial out of a negative number!"
+		end
+		if self <= 1
+			1
+		else
+			self * (self-1).factorial
+		end
+	end
+
+	def to_roman 
+	  while self.to_i <= 3000
+			# split number into an array
+			array = self.to_s.split(//).map { |x| x.to_i }
+			result =[]
+			# array has length of 4
+			until array.length == 4
+			    array.unshift(0)
+			end
+			# 1000s of number
+			if array[-4] < 4
+					number = array[-4]
+					number.times { result << "M" }
+			end
+			# 100s of number
+			if array[-3] < 4
+					number = array[-3]
+					number.times { result << "C" }
+			elsif array[-3] == 4
+					number = array[-3]
+					result << "CD"
+			elsif array[-3] == 6
+					number = array[-3]
+					result << "DC"
+			elsif array[-3] == 9
+					number = array[-3]
+					result << "CM"
+			else
+					number = array[-3]
+					result << "D"
+					(number-5).times { result << "C" }
+			end
+			# 10s of number
+			if array[-2] < 4
+					number = array[-2]
+					number.times { result << "X" }
+			elsif array[-2] == 4
+					number = array[-2]
+					result << "XL"
+			elsif array[-2] == 6
+					number = array[-2]
+					result << "LX"
+			elsif array[-2] == 9
+					number = array[-2]
+					result << "XC"
+			else
+					number = array[-2]
+					result << "L"
+					(number-5).times { result << "X" }
+			end
+			# single digits of number
+			if array[-1] <= 4
+					number = array[-1]
+					number.times { result << "I" }
+			# elsif array[-1] == 4
+			# 		number = array[-1]
+			# 		result << "IV"
+			elsif array[-1] == 6
+					number = array[-1]
+					result << "VI"
+			# elsif array[-1] == 9
+			# 		number = array[-1]
+			# 		result << "IX"
+			else
+					number = array[-1]
+					result << "V"
+					(number-5).times { result << "I" }
+			end
+			# return number in roman numerals
+	    	return result.join("")
+		end
+		puts "Number must be greater than 3000."
+		exit
+	end
+end
+
+
+# puts 59.to_roman
+# puts 1323.roman_numeral
+# puts 1999.roman_numeral
+
+# puts 3.factorial
+# puts 10.factorial
diff --git a/ch13-creating-new-classes/factorial_extended.rb b/ch13-creating-new-classes/factorial_extended.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54ba24971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch13-creating-new-classes/factorial_extended.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+class Integer
+	def factorial 
+		if self < 0
+			return "You can't take the factorial out of a negative number!"
+		end
+		if self <= 1
+			1
+		else
+			self * (self-1).factorial
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+puts 3.factorial
+puts 10.factorial
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch13-creating-new-classes/interactive_baby_dragon.rb b/ch13-creating-new-classes/interactive_baby_dragon.rb
index 801de24bd..a8a8699b1 100644
--- a/ch13-creating-new-classes/interactive_baby_dragon.rb
+++ b/ch13-creating-new-classes/interactive_baby_dragon.rb
@@ -1 +1,113 @@
-# your code here
\ No newline at end of file
+class Dragon
+	def initialize name
+		@name = name
+		@asleep = false
+		@stuff_in_belly = 10 #full
+		@stuff_in_intestine = 0 # doesn't need toilet
+
+		puts "#{name} is born."
+	end
+	def feed
+		puts "You feed #{@name}."
+		@stuff_in_belly = 10
+		passage_of_time
+	end
+	def walk
+		puts "You walk #{@name}."
+		@stuff_in_intestine = 0
+		passage_of_time
+	end
+	def put_to_bed
+		puts "You put #{@name} to bed."
+		@asleep = true
+		3.times do 
+			if @asleep
+				passage_of_time
+			end
+			if @asleep
+				puts "#{@name} snores, filling the room with smoke."
+			end
+		end
+		if @asleep
+			@asleep = false
+			puts "#{@name} wakes up slow."
+		end
+	end
+	def toss
+		puts "You toss #{@name} up into the air."
+		puts "He giggles, which singes your eyebrows."
+		passage_of_time
+	end
+	def rock
+		puts "You rock #{@name} gently."
+		@asleep = true
+		puts "He briefly doses off..."
+		passage_of_time
+		if @asleep
+			@asleep = false
+			puts "...but wakes up when you stop."
+		end
+	end
+
+	private
+
+	def hungry?
+		@stuff_in_belly <= 2
+	end
+	def poopy?
+		@stuff_in_intestine >= 8
+	end
+	def passage_of_time
+		if @stuff_in_belly > 0
+			@stuff_in_belly = @stuff_in_belly - 1
+			@stuff_in_intestine = @stuff_in_intestine + 1
+		else #dragon is starving!
+			if @asleep
+				@asleep = false
+				puts "He wakes up suddenly!"
+			end
+			puts "#{@name} is starving! In desperation, he ate YOU!"
+			exit
+		end
+		if @stuff_in_intestine >= 10
+			@stuff_in_intestine = 0
+			puts "Whoops! #{@name} had an accident..."
+		end
+		if hungry?
+			if @asleep
+				@asleep = false
+				puts "He wakes up suddenly..."
+			end
+			puts "#{@name} does the potty dance..."
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+require_relative 'dragon.rb'
+
+# ask what you want to name the dragon
+puts "What do you want to call your new pet dragon?"
+name = gets.chomp
+pet = Dragon.new name
+
+while true
+	# ask what you want to do to the dragon?
+	puts "What shall we do with #{name}?"
+	answer = gets.chomp.downcase
+
+# if walk, feed, toss, put to bed, rock, call those methods.
+	if answer == "walk"
+		pet.walk
+	elsif answer == "feed"
+		pet.feed
+	elsif answer == "put to bed"
+		pet.put_to_bed
+	elsif answer == "rock"
+		pet.rock
+	elsif answer == "toss"
+		pet.toss
+	else
+		puts "I don't understand this activity! Please try again."
+		# stuff
+	end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch13-creating-new-classes/orange_tree.rb b/ch13-creating-new-classes/orange_tree.rb
index 025d08907..06b07c81b 100644
--- a/ch13-creating-new-classes/orange_tree.rb
+++ b/ch13-creating-new-classes/orange_tree.rb
@@ -1,11 +1,100 @@
-# in order to pass the rspec please follow the below rates of growth, orange production and age of death.
-# have your OrangeTree grow by 0.4 per year.
-# have it produce no oranges in its first 5 years
-# starting in its sixth year have it produce oranges at a rate of (height * 15 - 25) per year.
-# have the tree die after 25 years.
-# check out the rspec spec/ch13/orange_tree_spec.rb to see what strings we're looking for in the responses.
-
-
 class OrangeTree
-  # your code here
+
+	def initialize
+		@height = 0
+		@orange_count = 0
+		@alive = true
+		# puts "Your orange tree has started to grow."
+	end
+	def height
+	# height method returns height
+		if @alive
+			@height.round(1)
+			# "Your tree is #{@height} metres tall."
+		else
+			"A dead tree is not very tall. :("
+		end
+	end
+	def count_the_oranges
+	# count_the_oranges method returns number of oranges on the tree
+		if @alive
+			@orange_count
+			# puts "There are #{@orange_count} oranges on the tree."
+		else
+			"A dead tree has no oranges. :("
+		end
+	end
+	def one_year_passes
+		if @alive
+			@height = (@height + 0.4).round(2)
+			@orange_count = 0
+			if @height > 10 
+				# tree dies
+				@alive = false
+				"Oh, no! The tree is too old, and has died. :("
+			elsif @height > 2 
+				# new oranges grow
+				# Older trees produce more each year than younger trees.
+				@orange_count = (@height * 15 - 25).to_i
+				"This year your tree grew to #{@height}m tall, and produced #{@orange_count} oranges."
+			else
+				"This year your tree grew to #{@height}m tall, but is still too young to bear fruit."
+			end
+		else
+			"A year later, the tree is still dead. :("
+		end
+	end
+	def pick_an_orange	
+		if @alive
+			if @orange_count > 0
+				@orange_count = @orange_count - 1
+				"That orange was so delicious!"
+			else
+				"There are no oranges left."
+			end
+		else
+			"A dead tree has nothing to pick. :("
+		end
+	end
 end
+
+
+ot = OrangeTree.new
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+ot.one_year_passes
+
+
+puts ot.one_year_passes
+# tree.one_year_passes
+# tree.one_year_passes
+# # tree.orange_count
+# # tree.pick_an_orange
+# # tree.pick_an_orange
+# tree.height
+# tree.one_year_passes
+
+# tree.one_year_passes
diff --git a/ch13-creating-new-classes/roman_numerals_extended.rb b/ch13-creating-new-classes/roman_numerals_extended.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..042520838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch13-creating-new-classes/roman_numerals_extended.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+class Integer
+
+	def roman_numeral 
+	  while self.to_i <= 3000
+			# split number into an array
+			array = self.to_s.split(//).map { |x| x.to_i }
+			result =[]
+			# array has length of 4
+			until array.length == 4
+			    array.unshift(0)
+			end
+			# 1000s of number
+			if array[-4] < 4
+					number = array[-4]
+					number.times { result << "M" }
+			end
+			# 100s of number
+			if array[-3] < 4
+					number = array[-3]
+					number.times { result << "C" }
+			elsif array[-3] == 4
+					number = array[-3]
+					result << "CD"
+			elsif array[-3] == 6
+					number = array[-3]
+					result << "DC"
+			elsif array[-3] == 9
+					number = array[-3]
+					result << "CM"
+			else
+					number = array[-3]
+					result << "D"
+					(number-5).times { result << "C" }
+			end
+			# 10s of number
+			if array[-2] < 4
+					number = array[-2]
+					number.times { result << "X" }
+			elsif array[-2] == 4
+					number = array[-2]
+					result << "XL"
+			elsif array[-2] == 6
+					number = array[-2]
+					result << "LX"
+			elsif array[-2] == 9
+					number = array[-2]
+					result << "XC"
+			else
+					number = array[-2]
+					result << "L"
+					(number-5).times { result << "X" }
+			end
+			# single digits of number
+			if array[-1] < 4
+					number = array[-1]
+					number.times { result << "I" }
+			elsif array[-1] == 4
+					number = array[-1]
+					result << "IV"
+			elsif array[-1] == 6
+					number = array[-1]
+					result << "VI"
+			elsif array[-1] == 9
+					number = array[-1]
+					result << "IX"
+			else
+					number = array[-1]
+					result << "V"
+					(number-5).times { result << "I" }
+			end
+			# return number in roman numerals
+	    	return result.join("")
+		end
+		puts "Number must be greater than 3000."
+		exit
+	end
+end
+
+puts 10.roman_numeral
+puts 1323.roman_numeral
+puts 1999.roman_numeral
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch13-creating-new-classes/shuffle_extended.rb b/ch13-creating-new-classes/shuffle_extended.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd27d36aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ch13-creating-new-classes/shuffle_extended.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+class Array
+	def shuffle 
+		arr = self
+		recursive_shuffle arr, []
+	end
+
+	def recursive_shuffle old_array, new_array
+		until old_array.length < 1
+			new_array << old_array.delete_at(rand(old_array.length))
+		end
+		print new_array
+	end
+end
+
+# shuffle([1, 4, 5, 10, 2, 2])
+# shuffle(['testing', 'with', 'words'])
+# shuffle(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'])
+
+puts [1, 4, 5, 10, 2, 2].shuffle
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch14-blocks-and-procs/better_program_logger.rb b/ch14-blocks-and-procs/better_program_logger.rb
index 0e2e18d57..afb4dea47 100644
--- a/ch14-blocks-and-procs/better_program_logger.rb
+++ b/ch14-blocks-and-procs/better_program_logger.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,24 @@
-def log desc, &block
-  # your code here
+$logger_depth = 0
+
+def better_log desc, &block
+	prefix = ' '*$logger_depth
+	puts prefix + 'Beginning "' + desc + '"...'
+	$logger_depth = $logger_depth + 1
+	result = block.call
+	$logger_depth = $logger_depth - 1
+	puts prefix + '..."' + desc + '" finished, returning: ' + result.to_s
+end
+
+better_log 'outer block' do
+	better_log 'some little block' do
+		better_log 'some teeny-tiny block' do
+			'lOtS oF lOve'.downcase
+		end
+		7 * 3 * 2
+	end	
+
+	better_log 'yet another block' do
+		'!doof iahT ekil I'.reverse
+	end
+	'0' == 0
 end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch14-blocks-and-procs/even_better_profiling.rb b/ch14-blocks-and-procs/even_better_profiling.rb
index b01b78fd8..8a688dbdd 100644
--- a/ch14-blocks-and-procs/even_better_profiling.rb
+++ b/ch14-blocks-and-procs/even_better_profiling.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,22 @@
 def profile block_description, &block
-  # your code here
+	start_time = Time.new
+	block.call
+	duration = Time.new - start_time
+	puts "#{block_description}: #{duration} seconds"
+end
+
+profile '25000 doublings' do 
+	number = 1
+	25000.times do
+		number = number + number
+	end
+	puts "#{number.to_s.length} digits"
+	# i.e number of digits in this huge number
+end
+
+profile 'count to a million' do
+	number = 0
+	1000000.times do
+		number = number + 1
+	end
 end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ch14-blocks-and-procs/grandfather_clock.rb b/ch14-blocks-and-procs/grandfather_clock.rb
index 916f6d354..5b725ac2f 100644
--- a/ch14-blocks-and-procs/grandfather_clock.rb
+++ b/ch14-blocks-and-procs/grandfather_clock.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
 def grandfather_clock &block
-  # your code here
-end
\ No newline at end of file
+	# number of hours since midnight
+	hour = Time.new.hour
+	if hour > 12
+		hour = hour - 12
+	elsif hour == 0
+		hour = 12
+	else
+		hour
+	end
+	hour.times do
+		yield
+	end
+end
+
+grandfather_clock do
+	puts 'DONG!'
+end
+
diff --git a/ch14-blocks-and-procs/program_logger.rb b/ch14-blocks-and-procs/program_logger.rb
index 0e2e18d57..78aa1f0a3 100644
--- a/ch14-blocks-and-procs/program_logger.rb
+++ b/ch14-blocks-and-procs/program_logger.rb
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
-def log desc, &block
-  # your code here
+def program_log desc, &block
+	puts 'Beginning "' + desc + '"...'
+	result = block.call
+	puts '..."' + desc + '" finished, returning: ' + result.to_s
+end
+
+program_log 'outer block' do
+	program_log 'some little block' do
+		1**1 + 2**2
+	end	
+
+	program_log 'yet another block' do
+		'!doof iahT ekil I'.reverse
+	end
+
+	'0' == 0
 end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test b/test
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb