diff --git a/src/components/views/settings/ChangePassword.tsx b/src/components/views/settings/ChangePassword.tsx
index 8ea83263250..0a326468781 100644
--- a/src/components/views/settings/ChangePassword.tsx
+++ b/src/components/views/settings/ChangePassword.tsx
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import { MatrixClientPeg } from "../../../MatrixClientPeg";
 import AccessibleButton from "../elements/AccessibleButton";
 import Spinner from "../elements/Spinner";
 import withValidation, { IFieldState, IValidationResult } from "../elements/Validation";
-import { _t, _td } from "../../../languageHandler";
+import { UserFriendlyError, _t, _td } from "../../../languageHandler";
 import Modal from "../../../Modal";
 import PassphraseField from "../auth/PassphraseField";
 import { PASSWORD_MIN_SCORE } from "../auth/RegistrationForm";
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ interface IProps {
         /** Was one or more other devices logged out whilst changing the password */
         didLogoutOutOtherDevices: boolean;
     }) => void;
-    onError: (error: { error: string }) => void;
+    onError: (error: Error) => void;
     rowClassName?: string;
     buttonClassName?: string;
     buttonKind?: string;
@@ -183,7 +183,16 @@ export default class ChangePassword extends React.Component<IProps, IState> {
                     }
                 },
                 (err) => {
-                    this.props.onError(err);
+                    if (err instanceof Error) {
+                        this.props.onError(err);
+                    } else {
+                        this.props.onError(
+                            new UserFriendlyError("Error while changing password: %(error)s", {
+                                error: String(err),
+                                cause: undefined,
+                            }),
+                        );
+                    }
                 },
             )
             .finally(() => {
@@ -196,15 +205,19 @@ export default class ChangePassword extends React.Component<IProps, IState> {
             });
     }
 
-    private checkPassword(oldPass: string, newPass: string, confirmPass: string): { error: string } | undefined {
+    /**
+     * Checks the `newPass` and throws an error if it is unacceptable.
+     * @param oldPass The old password
+     * @param newPass The new password that the user is trying to be set
+     * @param confirmPass The confirmation password where the user types the `newPass`
+     * again for confirmation and should match the `newPass` before we accept their new
+     * password.
+     */
+    private checkPassword(oldPass: string, newPass: string, confirmPass: string): void {
         if (newPass !== confirmPass) {
-            return {
-                error: _t("New passwords don't match"),
-            };
+            throw new UserFriendlyError("New passwords don't match");
         } else if (!newPass || newPass.length === 0) {
-            return {
-                error: _t("Passwords can't be empty"),
-            };
+            throw new UserFriendlyError("Passwords can't be empty");
         }
     }
 
@@ -307,11 +320,24 @@ export default class ChangePassword extends React.Component<IProps, IState> {
         const oldPassword = this.state.oldPassword;
         const newPassword = this.state.newPassword;
         const confirmPassword = this.state.newPasswordConfirm;
-        const err = this.checkPassword(oldPassword, newPassword, confirmPassword);
-        if (err) {
-            this.props.onError(err);
-        } else {
+        try {
+            // TODO: We can remove this check (but should add some Cypress tests to
+            // sanity check this flow). This logic is redundant with the input field
+            // validation we do and `verifyFieldsBeforeSubmit()` above. See
+            // https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-react-sdk/pull/10615#discussion_r1167364214
+            this.checkPassword(oldPassword, newPassword, confirmPassword);
             return this.onChangePassword(oldPassword, newPassword);
+        } catch (err) {
+            if (err instanceof Error) {
+                this.props.onError(err);
+            } else {
+                this.props.onError(
+                    new UserFriendlyError("Error while changing password: %(error)s", {
+                        error: String(err),
+                        cause: undefined,
+                    }),
+                );
+            }
         }
     };
 
diff --git a/src/components/views/settings/tabs/user/GeneralUserSettingsTab.tsx b/src/components/views/settings/tabs/user/GeneralUserSettingsTab.tsx
index 233e999afb8..8c643ff0fb5 100644
--- a/src/components/views/settings/tabs/user/GeneralUserSettingsTab.tsx
+++ b/src/components/views/settings/tabs/user/GeneralUserSettingsTab.tsx
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ import { SERVICE_TYPES } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/service-types";
 import { IThreepid } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/@types/threepids";
 import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/logger";
 import { IDelegatedAuthConfig, M_AUTHENTICATION } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/matrix";
-import { MatrixError } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/matrix";
+import { HTTPError } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/matrix";
 
-import { _t } from "../../../../../languageHandler";
+import { UserFriendlyError, _t } from "../../../../../languageHandler";
 import ProfileSettings from "../../ProfileSettings";
 import * as languageHandler from "../../../../../languageHandler";
 import SettingsStore from "../../../../../settings/SettingsStore";
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ import Spinner from "../../../elements/Spinner";
 import { SettingLevel } from "../../../../../settings/SettingLevel";
 import { UIFeature } from "../../../../../settings/UIFeature";
 import { ActionPayload } from "../../../../../dispatcher/payloads";
-import ErrorDialog from "../../../dialogs/ErrorDialog";
+import ErrorDialog, { extractErrorMessageFromError } from "../../../dialogs/ErrorDialog";
 import AccountPhoneNumbers from "../../account/PhoneNumbers";
 import AccountEmailAddresses from "../../account/EmailAddresses";
 import DiscoveryEmailAddresses from "../../discovery/EmailAddresses";
@@ -253,18 +253,35 @@ export default class GeneralUserSettingsTab extends React.Component<IProps, ISta
         PlatformPeg.get()?.setSpellCheckEnabled(spellCheckEnabled);
     };
 
-    private onPasswordChangeError = (err: { error: string } & MatrixError): void => {
-        // TODO: Figure out a design that doesn't involve replacing the current dialog
-        let errMsg = err.error || err.message || "";
-        if (err.httpStatus === 403) {
-            errMsg = _t("Failed to change password. Is your password correct?");
-        } else if (!errMsg) {
-            errMsg += ` (HTTP status ${err.httpStatus})`;
+    private onPasswordChangeError = (err: Error): void => {
+        logger.error("Failed to change password: " + err);
+
+        let underlyingError = err;
+        if (err instanceof UserFriendlyError && err.cause instanceof Error) {
+            underlyingError = err.cause;
         }
-        logger.error("Failed to change password: " + errMsg);
+
+        const errorMessage = extractErrorMessageFromError(
+            err,
+            _t("Unknown password change error (%(stringifiedError)s)", {
+                stringifiedError: String(err),
+            }),
+        );
+
+        let errorMessageToDisplay = errorMessage;
+        if (underlyingError instanceof HTTPError && underlyingError.httpStatus === 403) {
+            errorMessageToDisplay = _t("Failed to change password. Is your password correct?");
+        } else if (underlyingError instanceof HTTPError) {
+            errorMessageToDisplay = _t("%(errorMessage)s (HTTP status %(httpStatus)s)", {
+                errorMessage,
+                httpStatus: underlyingError.httpStatus,
+            });
+        }
+
+        // TODO: Figure out a design that doesn't involve replacing the current dialog
         Modal.createDialog(ErrorDialog, {
-            title: _t("Error"),
-            description: errMsg,
+            title: _t("Error changing password"),
+            description: errorMessageToDisplay,
         });
     };
 
diff --git a/src/i18n/strings/en_EN.json b/src/i18n/strings/en_EN.json
index dd9afaf5d75..003c0b49c83 100644
--- a/src/i18n/strings/en_EN.json
+++ b/src/i18n/strings/en_EN.json
@@ -1344,6 +1344,7 @@
     "If you want to retain access to your chat history in encrypted rooms you should first export your room keys and re-import them afterwards.": "If you want to retain access to your chat history in encrypted rooms you should first export your room keys and re-import them afterwards.",
     "You can also ask your homeserver admin to upgrade the server to change this behaviour.": "You can also ask your homeserver admin to upgrade the server to change this behaviour.",
     "Export E2E room keys": "Export E2E room keys",
+    "Error while changing password: %(error)s": "Error while changing password: %(error)s",
     "New passwords don't match": "New passwords don't match",
     "Passwords can't be empty": "Passwords can't be empty",
     "Do you want to set an email address?": "Do you want to set an email address?",
@@ -1546,7 +1547,10 @@
     "Set the name of a font installed on your system & %(brand)s will attempt to use it.": "Set the name of a font installed on your system & %(brand)s will attempt to use it.",
     "Customise your appearance": "Customise your appearance",
     "Appearance Settings only affect this %(brand)s session.": "Appearance Settings only affect this %(brand)s session.",
+    "Unknown password change error (%(stringifiedError)s)": "Unknown password change error (%(stringifiedError)s)",
     "Failed to change password. Is your password correct?": "Failed to change password. Is your password correct?",
+    "%(errorMessage)s (HTTP status %(httpStatus)s)": "%(errorMessage)s (HTTP status %(httpStatus)s)",
+    "Error changing password": "Error changing password",
     "Your password was successfully changed.": "Your password was successfully changed.",
     "You will not receive push notifications on other devices until you sign back in to them.": "You will not receive push notifications on other devices until you sign back in to them.",
     "Success": "Success",