Programming Language and Concepts

Intro

Our language is imperative with each statement terminated with a semi-colon ;. Arguments passed to functions are separated by spaces similar to functional languages such as Ocaml/Scheme.

Below is a simple example program which takes an integer input from stdin and prints to stdout:

int value = console.read_int;
console.print_int value;

Curly brackets { } are used to denote scope in loops, conditionals and lambda expressions.

Variables

Variables are used to store dynamic values, with assignment syntax similar to most programming languages:

int variable = 0;

The value of 'variable' is now the integer 0.

Math

Basic arithmetic

All basic arithmetic operations are supported:

• int + int or int math.plus int - addition
• int - int or int math.minus int - subtraction
• int * int or int math.mul int - multiplication
• int / int or int math.div int - division
• int % int or int math.mod int - modulus
• int ^ int or int math.pow int - power/index

Other math functions

• math.sqrt <int> - square root function
• math.log <int> - logarithm function
• math.fact <int> - factorial function
• math.sign <int> - integer sign function (returns +1/-1)
• math.max <int> <int> - bigger number function
• math.min <int> <int> - smaller number function

Input/Output

All I/O operations interact with stdin/stdout and all built in functions are part of console similar to JavaScript.

Input

• console.read_int - read an integer from stdin
• console.read_string - read a string from stdin
• console.read_bool - read a boolean from stdin

Output

• console.print_int - print an integer to stdout

• console.print_string - print a string to stdout

• console.print_bool - print a boolean to stdout

• console.println_int - print an integer to stdout with new line terminator

• console.println_string - print a string to stdout with new line terminator

• console.println_bool - print a boolean to stdout with new line terminator

Error output

• console.error_int - print an error to stdout as an integer

• console.error_string - print an error to stdout as a string

• console.error_bool - print an error to stdout as a boolean

• console.errorln_int - print an error to stdout as an integer with new line terminator

• console.errorln_string - print an error to stdout as a string with new line terminator

• console.errorln_bool - print an error to stdout as a boolean with new line terminator

Loops

Basic loop

Loops are important when operating on streams of continuous data. For this reason, loops are simple in our language:

loop {
  console.println_int console.read_int;
}

The above program will loop printing integers from stdin to stdout with a new line terminator. The loop will continue until EOF is encountered.

While/do and do/while

It is also possible to loop based on any boolean condition in a while/do or do/while loop.

While/do

while (someValue < someOtherValue) do {
  console.println_string "Hello world!";
}

Do/while

do {
  console.println_string "Hello world!";
} while (someValue < someOtherValue);

Hello world! will be printed to stdout for as long as someValue < someOtherValue evaluates to true.

A do/while will always execute at least once even if someValue < someOtherValue always evaluates to false. Contrastingly, a while/do will not print to stdout if someValue < someOtherValue is never true.