diff --git a/src/forge/data_models/__init__.py b/src/forge/data_models/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e41cd71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forge/data_models/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
diff --git a/src/forge/data_models/api.py b/src/forge/data_models/api.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68c02f89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forge/data_models/api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import Any, Dict, Tuple
+
+from forge.data_models.loss import LossOutput
+from forge.data_models.minibatch import Minibatch
+
+
+# TODO: This file needs should NOT be in the data_models folder/package
+
+
+class Store(ABC):
+    """
+    Abstract base class for a generic key-value store.
+
+    This class defines the interface for a storage backend that can save and retrieve
+    values using string keys. Subclasses should implement the actual storage logic,
+    which could be in-memory, on disk, remote (e.g., RDMA, Redis), or any other backend.
+
+    Example use cases include storing model weights, configuration objects, or any
+    other data that needs to be accessed by key.
+
+    Methods:
+    put(key: str, value: Any) -> None
+        Store a value under the specified key.
+
+    get(key: str) -> Any
+        Retrieve the value associated with the specified key.
+
+    Subclasses must implement both methods.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def put(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        """Store a value under a key."""
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get(self, key: str) -> Any:
+        """Retrieve a value by key."""
+        pass
+
+
+class WeightsBuffer:
+    """
+    Concrete class for managing model weights using a generic key-value Store backend.
+    This class provides a simple interface to store and retrieve model weights
+    (or references to them) by delegating the actual storage logic to a Store instance.
+    The Store abstraction allows for flexible backends (e.g., in-memory, RDMA, file system, torchstore etc.)
+    without changing the WeightBuffer interface.
+    Example usage:
+        store = MyCustomStoreBackend()
+        buffer = WeightBuffer(store)
+        buffer.put("model_weights", weights)
+        latest_weights = buffer.get("model_weights")
+    Args:
+        store (Store): An instance of a Store backend to use for storage.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, store):
+        """
+        Initialize the WeightBuffer with a given Store backend.
+        Args:
+            store (Store): The storage backend to use.
+        """
+        self.store = store
+
+    def put(self, key: str, weights):
+        """
+        Store the given weights under the specified key.
+        Args:
+            key (str): The key under which to store the weights.
+            weights: The weights object or reference to store.
+        """
+        self.store.put(key, weights)
+
+    def get(self, key: str):
+        """
+        Retrieve the weights stored under the specified key.
+        Args:
+            key (str): The key for which to retrieve the weights.
+        Returns:
+            The weights object or reference associated with the key.
+        """
+        return self.store.get(key)
+
+
+class Trainer(ABC):
+    """
+    Abstract base class for a reinforcement learning (RL) trainer.
+    This class defines the interface for any RL trainer implementation.
+    It standardizes the methods required for gradient accumulation, applying updates,
+    and snapshotting model weights. Subclasses should implement the actual logic
+    for these operations, which may vary depending on the underlying model,
+    framework, or distributed setup.
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def accummulate_gradients(self, minibatch: Minibatch) -> LossOutput:
+        """
+        Accumulate gradients for the given minibatch.
+        This method is called once per minibatch during training. It should compute
+        the gradients for the minibatch and accumulate them (without applying them yet).
+
+        Args:
+            minibatch (Minibatch): The minibatch of data to use for gradient computation.
+        Returns:
+            LossOutput: The computed loss and any additional outputs needed for logging or analysis.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def apply_gradients(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Apply accumulated gradients to the model parameters.
+        This method should update the model's parameters using the gradients that have
+        been accumulated so far (e.g., by calling an optimizer step). After this call,
+        the accumulated gradients should be cleared/reset.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def snapshot_weights(self) -> WeightsBuffer:
+        """
+        Save the current model weights and return a buffer handle.
+        This method should capture the current state of the model's weights and store
+        them in a WeightBuffer (which may be local or remote, depending on the implementation).
+        The returned buffer can be used to transfer weights between components or for checkpointing.
+        Returns:
+            WeightsBuffer: A handle or reference to the stored weights buffer.
+        """
+        pass
diff --git a/src/forge/data_models/completion.py b/src/forge/data_models/completion.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eca4f62f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forge/data_models/completion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Optional
+
+import torch
+from forge.data_models.prompt import Prompt
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Completion:
+    """A model-generated completion for a given prompt."""
+
+    # The original prompt.
+    prompt: Prompt
+
+    # the decoded text returned by the model
+    text: str
+
+    # the encoded text (token ids) that were fed into the model
+    prompt_ids: torch.Tensor
+
+    # the encoded text (token ids) that were generated by the model
+    token_ids: torch.Tensor
+
+    # the log probabilities of the target tokens
+    log_probs: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
diff --git a/src/forge/data_models/distributed_metric.py b/src/forge/data_models/distributed_metric.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5fe6f0fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forge/data_models/distributed_metric.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import torch
+import torch.distributed as dist
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DistributedMetric(ABC):
+    """Metrics that are calculated in distributed fashion.
+
+    Metrics computed in each rank are going to be wrapped in DistributedMetric
+    according to how they are going to be aggregated. For example, average log prob
+    can be wrapped as `Fraction(Sum((logp * mask).sum()), Sum(mask.sum()))` where
+    `mask` indicates which token is valid.
+    """
+
+    # We need to pass a context argument for distribution setup in the future.
+    @abstractmethod
+    def reduce(self, group: dist.ProcessGroup | None = None) -> torch.Tensor:
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def local(self) -> torch.Tensor:
+        pass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SumDistributedMetric(DistributedMetric):
+    def __init__(self, tensor: torch.Tensor) -> None:
+        self.tensor = tensor
+
+    def reduce(self, group: dist.ProcessGroup | None = None) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return _try_clone_and_reduce(self.tensor, op=dist.ReduceOp.SUM, group=group)
+
+    def local(self) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return self.tensor
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Fraction:
+    numerator: DistributedMetric
+    denominator: DistributedMetric
+
+    def reduce(self, group: dist.ProcessGroup | None = None) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return self.numerator.reduce(group) / self.denominator.reduce(group)
+
+    def local(self) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return self.numerator.local() / self.denominator.local()
+
+
+def _try_clone_and_reduce(
+    tensor: torch.Tensor, op: dist.ReduceOp, group: dist.ProcessGroup | None
+) -> torch.Tensor:
+    cloned = tensor.detach().clone()
+    if dist.is_initialized():
+        dist.all_reduce(cloned, op=op, group=group)
+    return cloned
diff --git a/src/forge/data_models/experience.py b/src/forge/data_models/experience.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34a183eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forge/data_models/experience.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Optional, Sequence
+
+import torch
+from forge.data_models.scored_completion import ScoredCompletion
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Experience:
+    """
+    The Experience data class to be used by the trainer.
+
+    Experiences are usually generated from a scored completion and running various post processing steps.
+    """
+
+    # Concatenated prompt and sample token ids.
+    ids: torch.Tensor
+
+    # The mask for the target ids, 0 for prompt tokens, 1 for sample tokens.
+    mask: torch.Tensor
+
+    # The weight to apply to the loss of each target token. It's normally computed
+    # from the advantage and the reward.
+    weights: torch.Tensor
+
+    # The log probabilities of the target tokens, for prompt part it's set to 0,
+    # for generation part it's computed from the Generator/Sampler.
+    log_probs: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
+
+    # TODO: add more fields as required
+    state: str = ""
+
+
+def from_scored_completion(scored_completion: ScoredCompletion) -> Experience:
+    """Converts a ScoredCompletion to an Experience."""
+    prompt_ids = scored_completion.completion.prompt_ids
+    token_ids = scored_completion.completion.token_ids
+    log_probs = scored_completion.completion.log_probs
+    ids = torch.cat([prompt_ids, token_ids])
+    mask = torch.cat(
+        [
+            torch.zeros(prompt_ids.shape, dtype=torch.float32),
+            torch.ones_like(token_ids, dtype=torch.float32),
+        ]
+    )
+    advantage = scored_completion.score
+    weights = mask * advantage
+    log_probs = torch.cat(
+        [
+            torch.zeros(prompt_ids.shape, dtype=torch.float32),
+            # TODO: this only works if sample.log_probs is 1
+            log_probs,
+        ]
+    )
+    return Experience(ids=ids, mask=mask, weights=weights, log_probs=log_probs)
+
+
+def from_scored_completions(
+    scored_completions: Sequence[ScoredCompletion],
+) -> Sequence[Experience]:
+    """Converts a sequence of ScoredCompletion to a sequence of Experiences."""
+    return [from_scored_completion(sc) for sc in scored_completions]
diff --git a/src/forge/data_models/loss.py b/src/forge/data_models/loss.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9806938e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forge/data_models/loss.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+import torch
+from forge.data_models.distributed_metric import Fraction
+from forge.data_models.minibatch import Minibatch
+
+
+@dataclass
+class LossInput:
+    minibatch: Minibatch
+    trainer_logits: torch.Tensor
+
+
+@dataclass
+class LossOutput:
+    loss: Fraction
diff --git a/src/forge/data_models/minibatch.py b/src/forge/data_models/minibatch.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1bcbc4ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forge/data_models/minibatch.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, Sequence
+
+import torch
+from forge.data_models.experience import Experience
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Minibatch:
+    """The minibatch that trainer will recieve."""
+
+    # The input sequence token ids for the trainer forward pass.
+    input_ids: torch.Tensor
+
+    # The segment ids for the input sequence token ids. Same segment
+    # ids respresent the same sequence.
+    segment_ids: torch.Tensor
+
+    # The targets required for loss computation, usually concatenated prompt and
+    # sample token ids.
+    target_ids: torch.Tensor
+
+    # The mask for the target ids, 0 for prompt tokens, 1 for sample tokens.
+    target_mask: torch.Tensor
+
+    # The weight to apply to the loss of each target token. It's normally computed
+    # from the advantage and the reward.
+    target_weights: torch.Tensor
+
+    # The log probabilities of the target tokens, for prompt part it's set to 0,
+    # for generation part it's computed from the sampler.
+    target_log_probs: torch.Tensor
+
+
+def from_experiences(
+    exps: Sequence[Experience], max_seq_len: int, pad_val: int = 0
+) -> Minibatch:
+    """
+    Convert a list of experiences to a minibatch.
+    """
+
+    def pack_sequence(
+        tensors: Sequence[torch.Tensor],
+        pad_val: Any,
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
+        max_len: int,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        """Packs multiple tensors along the seq dim."""
+        seq = torch.cat(tensors)
+        pad_len = max_len - seq.size(0)
+        if pad_len < 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Sequence lenth {seq.size(0)} exceeds the maximum length {max_len}"
+            )
+        return torch.nn.functional.pad(seq, (0, pad_len), value=pad_val)[None, ...].to(
+            dtype
+        )
+
+    mini_batch = {}
+    exp_list = defaultdict(list)
+    for i, exp in enumerate(exps):
+        input_ids = exp.ids[:-1]
+        exp_list["input_ids"].append(input_ids)
+        exp_list["target_ids"].append(exp.ids[1:])
+        exp_list["segment_ids"].append(torch.ones_like(input_ids) * i)
+        exp_list["target_mask"].append(exp.mask[1:])
+        exp_list["target_weights"].append(exp.weights[1:])
+        exp_list["target_log_probs"].append(exp.log_probs[1:])
+
+    for k, v in exp_list.items():
+        _dtype = torch.int64
+        if k == "target_mask" or k == "target_weights" or k == "target_log_probs":
+            _dtype = torch.float32
+
+        mini_batch[k] = pack_sequence(v, pad_val, _dtype, max_seq_len)
+
+    return Minibatch(**mini_batch)
diff --git a/src/forge/data_models/prompt.py b/src/forge/data_models/prompt.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..741b097a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forge/data_models/prompt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Any
+
+
+class Role(Enum):
+    SYSTEM = "system"
+    USER = "user"
+    ASSISTANT = "assistant"
+    NONE = "none"
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Message:
+    """A single message in a conversation."""
+
+    chunks: Sequence[str]
+    role: Role
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Prompt:
+    """A multi-turn prompt (conversation history)."""
+
+    # Multi-turn messages, each turn is a message.
+    messages: Sequence[Message]
+    metadata: Any | None = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_prompt(
+        cls, prompt: str, system_instruction: str | None = None
+    ) -> "Prompt":
+        messages = prompt_to_messages(prompt, system_instruction)
+        return Prompt(
+            messages=messages,
+        )
+
+
+def prompt_to_messages(
+    prompt: str, system_instruction: str | None = None
+) -> Sequence[Message]:
+    """Convert a prompt to a sequence of messages."""
+    messages = []
+    if system_instruction is not None:
+        messages.append(Message(chunks=[system_instruction], role=Role.SYSTEM))
+    messages.append(
+        Message(chunks=[prompt], role=Role.USER),
+    )
+    return messages
+
+
+def to_prompt(
+    prompt: str, metadata: Any | None = None, system_instruction: str | None = None
+) -> Prompt:
+    """Converts a prompt to a sequence of messages."""
+    return Prompt(
+        messages=prompt_to_messages(prompt, system_instruction),
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
diff --git a/src/forge/data_models/scored_completion.py b/src/forge/data_models/scored_completion.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1b41b8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forge/data_models/scored_completion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from forge.data_models.completion import Completion
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ScoredCompletion:
+    """A completion with an associated score (from a reward model or human)."""
+
+    completion: Completion
+    score: float  # akin to reward
+
+    # TODO: add more fields as needed.
diff --git a/src/forge/stores/__init__.py b/src/forge/stores/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/src/forge/stores/in_memory_store.py b/src/forge/stores/in_memory_store.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf5be8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forge/stores/in_memory_store.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+from forge.data_models.api import Store
+
+
+class InMemoryStore(Store):
+    """
+    Simple in-memory key-value store implementation.
+    Stores values in a Python dictionary, keyed by strings.
+    Suitable for testing, prototyping, or single-process use cases.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._store = {}
+
+    def put(self, key: str, value):
+        """
+        Store a value under the specified key.
+        Args:
+            key (str): The key under which to store the value.
+            value: The value to store.
+        """
+        self._store[key] = value
+
+    def get(self, key: str):
+        """
+        Retrieve the value associated with the specified key.
+        Args:
+            key (str): The key for which to retrieve the value.
+        Returns:
+            The value associated with the key, or None if not found.
+        """
+        return self._store.get(key, None)
diff --git a/src/forge/trainers/__init__.py b/src/forge/trainers/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/src/forge/trainers/huggingface_trainer.py b/src/forge/trainers/huggingface_trainer.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56df4c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/forge/trainers/huggingface_trainer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+# All rights reserved.
+#
+# This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
+# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+
+import torch
+
+from forge.data_models.api import Trainer, WeightsBuffer
+
+from forge.data_models.distributed_metric import Fraction, SumDistributedMetric
+
+from forge.data_models.loss import LossOutput
+from forge.data_models.minibatch import Minibatch
+from forge.stores.in_memory_store import InMemoryStore
+
+
+class HuggingFaceTrainer(Trainer):
+    def __init__(self, model_path: str):
+        # TODO: model_path and other trainer related configs should be passed in as a config object
+        super().__init__()
+        self.model_name = model_path
+
+        # TODO: Harded coded implementation for RFC. this needs to be injected via config
+        self._store = InMemoryStore()
+        self._weights_buffer = WeightsBuffer(self._store)
+
+    def accummulate_gradients(self, minibatch: Minibatch) -> LossOutput:
+        """
+        Accumulate gradients for the given minibatch.
+        """
+        return LossOutput(
+            loss=Fraction(
+                SumDistributedMetric(torch.Tensor(1)), SumDistributedMetric(1.0)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def apply_gradients(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Apply accumulated gradients to the model parameters.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    def snapshot_weights(
+        self,
+    ) -> WeightsBuffer:
+        """
+        Save the current model weights using the provided WeightBuffer.
+        Args:
+            buffer (WeightBuffer): The buffer abstraction to use for storing weights.
+        Returns:
+            WeightsBuffer: A remote handle to the buffered weights.
+        """
+        return self._weights_buffer