diff --git a/src/compiler/checker.ts b/src/compiler/checker.ts
index 59b75691a0314..7bb89579621f0 100644
--- a/src/compiler/checker.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/checker.ts
@@ -28292,7 +28292,8 @@ namespace ts {
             // Grammar checking
             checkGrammarStatementInAmbientContext(node);
 
-            checkTruthinessExpression(node.expression);
+            const type = checkTruthinessExpression(node.expression);
+            checkTestingKnownTruthyCallableType(node, type);
             checkSourceElement(node.thenStatement);
 
             if (node.thenStatement.kind === SyntaxKind.EmptyStatement) {
@@ -28302,6 +28303,57 @@ namespace ts {
             checkSourceElement(node.elseStatement);
         }
 
+        function checkTestingKnownTruthyCallableType(ifStatement: IfStatement, type: Type) {
+            if (!strictNullChecks) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const testedNode = isIdentifier(ifStatement.expression)
+                ? ifStatement.expression
+                : isPropertyAccessExpression(ifStatement.expression)
+                    ? ifStatement.expression.name
+                    : undefined;
+
+            if (!testedNode) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const possiblyFalsy = getFalsyFlags(type);
+            if (possiblyFalsy) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // While it technically should be invalid for any known-truthy value
+            // to be tested, we de-scope to functions unrefenced in the block as a
+            // heuristic to identify the most common bugs. There are too many
+            // false positives for values sourced from type definitions without
+            // strictNullChecks otherwise.
+            const callSignatures = getSignaturesOfType(type, SignatureKind.Call);
+            if (callSignatures.length === 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const testedFunctionSymbol = getSymbolAtLocation(testedNode);
+            if (!testedFunctionSymbol) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const functionIsUsedInBody = forEachChild(ifStatement.thenStatement, function check(childNode): boolean | undefined {
+                if (isIdentifier(childNode)) {
+                    const childSymbol = getSymbolAtLocation(childNode);
+                    if (childSymbol && childSymbol.id === testedFunctionSymbol.id) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return forEachChild(childNode, check);
+            });
+
+            if (!functionIsUsedInBody) {
+                error(ifStatement.expression, Diagnostics.This_condition_will_always_return_true_since_the_function_is_always_defined_Did_you_mean_to_call_it_instead);
+            }
+        }
+
         function checkDoStatement(node: DoStatement) {
             // Grammar checking
             checkGrammarStatementInAmbientContext(node);
diff --git a/src/compiler/core.ts b/src/compiler/core.ts
index d930bee47117f..0a3f0ff674918 100644
--- a/src/compiler/core.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/core.ts
@@ -1654,7 +1654,7 @@ namespace ts {
      */
     export function compose<T>(...args: ((t: T) => T)[]): (t: T) => T;
     export function compose<T>(a: (t: T) => T, b: (t: T) => T, c: (t: T) => T, d: (t: T) => T, e: (t: T) => T): (t: T) => T {
-        if (e) {
+        if (!!e) {
             const args: ((t: T) => T)[] = [];
             for (let i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
                 args[i] = arguments[i];
diff --git a/src/compiler/diagnosticMessages.json b/src/compiler/diagnosticMessages.json
index 7ae7588bb1341..87052c4e7cdb2 100644
--- a/src/compiler/diagnosticMessages.json
+++ b/src/compiler/diagnosticMessages.json
@@ -2722,7 +2722,10 @@
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 2773
     },
-
+    "This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?": {
+        "category": "Error",
+        "code": 2774
+    },
     "Import declaration '{0}' is using private name '{1}'.": {
         "category": "Error",
         "code": 4000
diff --git a/src/compiler/program.ts b/src/compiler/program.ts
index e7c51ba84cb03..04c2c8d2c770b 100644
--- a/src/compiler/program.ts
+++ b/src/compiler/program.ts
@@ -1389,18 +1389,16 @@ namespace ts {
             // try to verify results of module resolution
             for (const { oldFile: oldSourceFile, newFile: newSourceFile } of modifiedSourceFiles) {
                 const newSourceFilePath = getNormalizedAbsolutePath(newSourceFile.originalFileName, currentDirectory);
-                if (resolveModuleNamesWorker) {
-                    const moduleNames = getModuleNames(newSourceFile);
-                    const resolutions = resolveModuleNamesReusingOldState(moduleNames, newSourceFilePath, newSourceFile);
-                    // ensure that module resolution results are still correct
-                    const resolutionsChanged = hasChangesInResolutions(moduleNames, resolutions, oldSourceFile.resolvedModules, moduleResolutionIsEqualTo);
-                    if (resolutionsChanged) {
-                        oldProgram.structureIsReused = StructureIsReused.SafeModules;
-                        newSourceFile.resolvedModules = zipToMap(moduleNames, resolutions);
-                    }
-                    else {
-                        newSourceFile.resolvedModules = oldSourceFile.resolvedModules;
-                    }
+                const moduleNames = getModuleNames(newSourceFile);
+                const resolutions = resolveModuleNamesReusingOldState(moduleNames, newSourceFilePath, newSourceFile);
+                // ensure that module resolution results are still correct
+                const resolutionsChanged = hasChangesInResolutions(moduleNames, resolutions, oldSourceFile.resolvedModules, moduleResolutionIsEqualTo);
+                if (resolutionsChanged) {
+                    oldProgram.structureIsReused = StructureIsReused.SafeModules;
+                    newSourceFile.resolvedModules = zipToMap(moduleNames, resolutions);
+                }
+                else {
+                    newSourceFile.resolvedModules = oldSourceFile.resolvedModules;
                 }
                 if (resolveTypeReferenceDirectiveNamesWorker) {
                     // We lower-case all type references because npm automatically lowercases all packages. See GH#9824.
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1599a70db4eac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+tests/cases/compiler/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts(2,9): error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
+tests/cases/compiler/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts(18,9): error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
+tests/cases/compiler/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts(36,9): error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
+tests/cases/compiler/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts(50,9): error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
+tests/cases/compiler/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts(66,13): error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
+
+
+==== tests/cases/compiler/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts (5 errors) ====
+    function onlyErrorsWhenTestingNonNullableFunctionType(required: () => boolean, optional?: () => boolean) {
+        if (required) { // error
+            ~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
+        }
+    
+        if (optional) { // ok
+        }
+    
+        if (!!required) { // ok
+        }
+    
+        if (required()) { // ok
+        }
+    }
+    
+    function onlyErrorsWhenUnusedInBody() {
+        function test() { return Math.random() > 0.5; }
+    
+        if (test) { // error
+            ~~~~
+!!! error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
+            console.log('test');
+        }
+        
+        if (test) { // ok
+            console.log(test);
+        }
+    
+        if (test) { // ok
+            test();
+        }
+        
+        if (test) { // ok
+            [() => null].forEach(() => {
+                test();
+            });
+        }
+        
+        if (test) { // error
+            ~~~~
+!!! error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
+            [() => null].forEach(test => {
+                test();
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    
+    function checksPropertyAccess() {
+        const x = {
+            foo: {
+                bar() { return true; }
+            }
+        }
+    
+        if (x.foo.bar) { // error
+            ~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
+        }
+    
+        if (x.foo.bar) { // ok
+            x.foo.bar;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    class Foo {
+        maybeIsUser?: () => boolean;
+    
+        isUser() {
+            return true;
+        }
+    
+        test() {
+            if (this.isUser) { // error
+                ~~~~~~~~~~~
+!!! error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
+            }
+    
+            if (this.maybeIsUser) { // ok
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.js b/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..19ab1722c81cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.js
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+//// [truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts]
+function onlyErrorsWhenTestingNonNullableFunctionType(required: () => boolean, optional?: () => boolean) {
+    if (required) { // error
+    }
+
+    if (optional) { // ok
+    }
+
+    if (!!required) { // ok
+    }
+
+    if (required()) { // ok
+    }
+}
+
+function onlyErrorsWhenUnusedInBody() {
+    function test() { return Math.random() > 0.5; }
+
+    if (test) { // error
+        console.log('test');
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // ok
+        console.log(test);
+    }
+
+    if (test) { // ok
+        test();
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // ok
+        [() => null].forEach(() => {
+            test();
+        });
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // error
+        [() => null].forEach(test => {
+            test();
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+function checksPropertyAccess() {
+    const x = {
+        foo: {
+            bar() { return true; }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (x.foo.bar) { // error
+    }
+
+    if (x.foo.bar) { // ok
+        x.foo.bar;
+    }
+}
+
+class Foo {
+    maybeIsUser?: () => boolean;
+
+    isUser() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    test() {
+        if (this.isUser) { // error
+        }
+
+        if (this.maybeIsUser) { // ok
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+//// [truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.js]
+function onlyErrorsWhenTestingNonNullableFunctionType(required, optional) {
+    if (required) { // error
+    }
+    if (optional) { // ok
+    }
+    if (!!required) { // ok
+    }
+    if (required()) { // ok
+    }
+}
+function onlyErrorsWhenUnusedInBody() {
+    function test() { return Math.random() > 0.5; }
+    if (test) { // error
+        console.log('test');
+    }
+    if (test) { // ok
+        console.log(test);
+    }
+    if (test) { // ok
+        test();
+    }
+    if (test) { // ok
+        [function () { return null; }].forEach(function () {
+            test();
+        });
+    }
+    if (test) { // error
+        [function () { return null; }].forEach(function (test) {
+            test();
+        });
+    }
+}
+function checksPropertyAccess() {
+    var x = {
+        foo: {
+            bar: function () { return true; }
+        }
+    };
+    if (x.foo.bar) { // error
+    }
+    if (x.foo.bar) { // ok
+        x.foo.bar;
+    }
+}
+var Foo = /** @class */ (function () {
+    function Foo() {
+    }
+    Foo.prototype.isUser = function () {
+        return true;
+    };
+    Foo.prototype.test = function () {
+        if (this.isUser) { // error
+        }
+        if (this.maybeIsUser) { // ok
+        }
+    };
+    return Foo;
+}());
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.symbols b/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.symbols
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cbfe456a82ce2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.symbols
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts ===
+function onlyErrorsWhenTestingNonNullableFunctionType(required: () => boolean, optional?: () => boolean) {
+>onlyErrorsWhenTestingNonNullableFunctionType : Symbol(onlyErrorsWhenTestingNonNullableFunctionType, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 0, 0))
+>required : Symbol(required, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 0, 54))
+>optional : Symbol(optional, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 0, 78))
+
+    if (required) { // error
+>required : Symbol(required, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 0, 54))
+    }
+
+    if (optional) { // ok
+>optional : Symbol(optional, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 0, 78))
+    }
+
+    if (!!required) { // ok
+>required : Symbol(required, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 0, 54))
+    }
+
+    if (required()) { // ok
+>required : Symbol(required, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 0, 54))
+    }
+}
+
+function onlyErrorsWhenUnusedInBody() {
+>onlyErrorsWhenUnusedInBody : Symbol(onlyErrorsWhenUnusedInBody, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 12, 1))
+
+    function test() { return Math.random() > 0.5; }
+>test : Symbol(test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 14, 39))
+>Math.random : Symbol(Math.random, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --))
+>Math : Symbol(Math, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --), Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --))
+>random : Symbol(Math.random, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --))
+
+    if (test) { // error
+>test : Symbol(test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 14, 39))
+
+        console.log('test');
+>console.log : Symbol(Console.log, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>console : Symbol(console, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>log : Symbol(Console.log, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // ok
+>test : Symbol(test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 14, 39))
+
+        console.log(test);
+>console.log : Symbol(Console.log, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>console : Symbol(console, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>log : Symbol(Console.log, Decl(lib.dom.d.ts, --, --))
+>test : Symbol(test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 14, 39))
+    }
+
+    if (test) { // ok
+>test : Symbol(test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 14, 39))
+
+        test();
+>test : Symbol(test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 14, 39))
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // ok
+>test : Symbol(test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 14, 39))
+
+        [() => null].forEach(() => {
+>[() => null].forEach : Symbol(Array.forEach, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --))
+>forEach : Symbol(Array.forEach, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --))
+
+            test();
+>test : Symbol(test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 14, 39))
+
+        });
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // error
+>test : Symbol(test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 14, 39))
+
+        [() => null].forEach(test => {
+>[() => null].forEach : Symbol(Array.forEach, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --))
+>forEach : Symbol(Array.forEach, Decl(lib.es5.d.ts, --, --))
+>test : Symbol(test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 36, 29))
+
+            test();
+>test : Symbol(test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 36, 29))
+
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+function checksPropertyAccess() {
+>checksPropertyAccess : Symbol(checksPropertyAccess, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 40, 1))
+
+    const x = {
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 43, 9))
+
+        foo: {
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 43, 15))
+
+            bar() { return true; }
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 44, 14))
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (x.foo.bar) { // error
+>x.foo.bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 44, 14))
+>x.foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 43, 15))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 43, 9))
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 43, 15))
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 44, 14))
+    }
+
+    if (x.foo.bar) { // ok
+>x.foo.bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 44, 14))
+>x.foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 43, 15))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 43, 9))
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 43, 15))
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 44, 14))
+
+        x.foo.bar;
+>x.foo.bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 44, 14))
+>x.foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 43, 15))
+>x : Symbol(x, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 43, 9))
+>foo : Symbol(foo, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 43, 15))
+>bar : Symbol(bar, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 44, 14))
+    }
+}
+
+class Foo {
+>Foo : Symbol(Foo, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 55, 1))
+
+    maybeIsUser?: () => boolean;
+>maybeIsUser : Symbol(Foo.maybeIsUser, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 57, 11))
+
+    isUser() {
+>isUser : Symbol(Foo.isUser, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 58, 32))
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    test() {
+>test : Symbol(Foo.test, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 62, 5))
+
+        if (this.isUser) { // error
+>this.isUser : Symbol(Foo.isUser, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 58, 32))
+>this : Symbol(Foo, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 55, 1))
+>isUser : Symbol(Foo.isUser, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 58, 32))
+        }
+
+        if (this.maybeIsUser) { // ok
+>this.maybeIsUser : Symbol(Foo.maybeIsUser, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 57, 11))
+>this : Symbol(Foo, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 55, 1))
+>maybeIsUser : Symbol(Foo.maybeIsUser, Decl(truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts, 57, 11))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.types b/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.types
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1cbb89c14a3af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.types
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+=== tests/cases/compiler/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts ===
+function onlyErrorsWhenTestingNonNullableFunctionType(required: () => boolean, optional?: () => boolean) {
+>onlyErrorsWhenTestingNonNullableFunctionType : (required: () => boolean, optional?: (() => boolean) | undefined) => void
+>required : () => boolean
+>optional : (() => boolean) | undefined
+
+    if (required) { // error
+>required : () => boolean
+    }
+
+    if (optional) { // ok
+>optional : (() => boolean) | undefined
+    }
+
+    if (!!required) { // ok
+>!!required : true
+>!required : false
+>required : () => boolean
+    }
+
+    if (required()) { // ok
+>required() : boolean
+>required : () => boolean
+    }
+}
+
+function onlyErrorsWhenUnusedInBody() {
+>onlyErrorsWhenUnusedInBody : () => void
+
+    function test() { return Math.random() > 0.5; }
+>test : () => boolean
+>Math.random() > 0.5 : boolean
+>Math.random() : number
+>Math.random : () => number
+>Math : Math
+>random : () => number
+>0.5 : 0.5
+
+    if (test) { // error
+>test : () => boolean
+
+        console.log('test');
+>console.log('test') : void
+>console.log : (message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]) => void
+>console : Console
+>log : (message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]) => void
+>'test' : "test"
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // ok
+>test : () => boolean
+
+        console.log(test);
+>console.log(test) : void
+>console.log : (message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]) => void
+>console : Console
+>log : (message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]) => void
+>test : () => boolean
+    }
+
+    if (test) { // ok
+>test : () => boolean
+
+        test();
+>test() : boolean
+>test : () => boolean
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // ok
+>test : () => boolean
+
+        [() => null].forEach(() => {
+>[() => null].forEach(() => {            test();        }) : void
+>[() => null].forEach : (callbackfn: (value: () => null, index: number, array: (() => null)[]) => void, thisArg?: any) => void
+>[() => null] : (() => null)[]
+>() => null : () => null
+>null : null
+>forEach : (callbackfn: (value: () => null, index: number, array: (() => null)[]) => void, thisArg?: any) => void
+>() => {            test();        } : () => void
+
+            test();
+>test() : boolean
+>test : () => boolean
+
+        });
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // error
+>test : () => boolean
+
+        [() => null].forEach(test => {
+>[() => null].forEach(test => {            test();        }) : void
+>[() => null].forEach : (callbackfn: (value: () => null, index: number, array: (() => null)[]) => void, thisArg?: any) => void
+>[() => null] : (() => null)[]
+>() => null : () => null
+>null : null
+>forEach : (callbackfn: (value: () => null, index: number, array: (() => null)[]) => void, thisArg?: any) => void
+>test => {            test();        } : (test: () => null) => void
+>test : () => null
+
+            test();
+>test() : null
+>test : () => null
+
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+function checksPropertyAccess() {
+>checksPropertyAccess : () => void
+
+    const x = {
+>x : { foo: { bar(): boolean; }; }
+>{        foo: {            bar() { return true; }        }    } : { foo: { bar(): boolean; }; }
+
+        foo: {
+>foo : { bar(): boolean; }
+>{            bar() { return true; }        } : { bar(): boolean; }
+
+            bar() { return true; }
+>bar : () => boolean
+>true : true
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (x.foo.bar) { // error
+>x.foo.bar : () => boolean
+>x.foo : { bar(): boolean; }
+>x : { foo: { bar(): boolean; }; }
+>foo : { bar(): boolean; }
+>bar : () => boolean
+    }
+
+    if (x.foo.bar) { // ok
+>x.foo.bar : () => boolean
+>x.foo : { bar(): boolean; }
+>x : { foo: { bar(): boolean; }; }
+>foo : { bar(): boolean; }
+>bar : () => boolean
+
+        x.foo.bar;
+>x.foo.bar : () => boolean
+>x.foo : { bar(): boolean; }
+>x : { foo: { bar(): boolean; }; }
+>foo : { bar(): boolean; }
+>bar : () => boolean
+    }
+}
+
+class Foo {
+>Foo : Foo
+
+    maybeIsUser?: () => boolean;
+>maybeIsUser : (() => boolean) | undefined
+
+    isUser() {
+>isUser : () => boolean
+
+        return true;
+>true : true
+    }
+
+    test() {
+>test : () => void
+
+        if (this.isUser) { // error
+>this.isUser : () => boolean
+>this : this
+>isUser : () => boolean
+        }
+
+        if (this.maybeIsUser) { // ok
+>this.maybeIsUser : (() => boolean) | undefined
+>this : this
+>maybeIsUser : (() => boolean) | undefined
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/user/npm.log b/tests/baselines/reference/user/npm.log
index 915f6640ff982..6af4d36f857e2 100644
--- a/tests/baselines/reference/user/npm.log
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/user/npm.log
@@ -1153,6 +1153,8 @@ node_modules/npm/test/tap/check-engine-reqs.js(4,20): error TS2307: Cannot find
 node_modules/npm/test/tap/check-install-self.js(4,20): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'tap'.
 node_modules/npm/test/tap/check-os-reqs.js(4,20): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'tap'.
 node_modules/npm/test/tap/check-permissions.js(4,20): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'tap'.
+node_modules/npm/test/tap/check-permissions.js(26,7): error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
+node_modules/npm/test/tap/check-permissions.js(42,7): error TS2774: This condition will always return true since the function is always defined. Did you mean to call it instead?
 node_modules/npm/test/tap/ci-header.js(3,20): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'tap'.
 node_modules/npm/test/tap/ci-header.js(4,18): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'npm-registry-mock'.
 node_modules/npm/test/tap/ci-header.js(5,21): error TS2307: Cannot find module 'tacks'.
diff --git a/tests/cases/compiler/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts b/tests/cases/compiler/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..431a0b0463c17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cases/compiler/truthinessCallExpressionCoercion.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// @strictNullChecks:true
+
+function onlyErrorsWhenTestingNonNullableFunctionType(required: () => boolean, optional?: () => boolean) {
+    if (required) { // error
+    }
+
+    if (optional) { // ok
+    }
+
+    if (!!required) { // ok
+    }
+
+    if (required()) { // ok
+    }
+}
+
+function onlyErrorsWhenUnusedInBody() {
+    function test() { return Math.random() > 0.5; }
+
+    if (test) { // error
+        console.log('test');
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // ok
+        console.log(test);
+    }
+
+    if (test) { // ok
+        test();
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // ok
+        [() => null].forEach(() => {
+            test();
+        });
+    }
+    
+    if (test) { // error
+        [() => null].forEach(test => {
+            test();
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+function checksPropertyAccess() {
+    const x = {
+        foo: {
+            bar() { return true; }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (x.foo.bar) { // error
+    }
+
+    if (x.foo.bar) { // ok
+        x.foo.bar;
+    }
+}
+
+class Foo {
+    maybeIsUser?: () => boolean;
+
+    isUser() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    test() {
+        if (this.isUser) { // error
+        }
+
+        if (this.maybeIsUser) { // ok
+        }
+    }
+}