Description

The purpose of this small library is to simulate single-muscle experiments using mathematical muscle models that have been implemented in LS-DYNA.

Quick Start

• Read Kleinbach et al.
• Download the source code for Kleinbach et al. from: https://zenodo.org/ record/826209
• Add in the ZEROIN method from Forsythe et al.
• Compile a verson of LS-DYNA that includes the user material from Kleinbach et al. (this requires a special LS-DYNA license.
• Open main_comparisonUmat.m and update the lsdynaBin_SMP_931 and matlabScriptPath
• Set both flag_runSimulations, and flag_postProcessSimulationData to 1.
• Choose which benchmark simulations you would like to run by setting the flags flag_runIsometricSimulations, flag_runConcentricSimulations, flag_runQuickReleaseSimulations, flag_runEccentricSimulations.
• Run main_comparisonUmat.m
• The output plots will appear in the output folder.

Simulations of experiments

Numerical simulations of experiments appear in the folders SMP_931, which refers to a Single core Multiple Processor version of LS-DYNA version 9.31. The list of experiments currently includes:

• isometric (Gunther et al)
• concentric (Gunther et al)
• quickrelease (Gunther et al)
• eccentric (Herzog and Leonard)
• impedance (Kirsch et al.)

The LS-DYNA scripts necessary to run the experiments appear in SMP_931/ while the data from the experiments appears in ReferenceExperiments/.

References

• Forsythe, G.E.; Malcolm, M.A.; Moler, C.B.: Computer Methods for Mathematical Computations. Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, 1977
• Günther M, Schmitt S, Wank V. High-frequency oscillations as a consequence of neglected serial damping in Hill-type muscle models. Biological cybernetics. 2007 Jul;97(1):63-79.
• Herzog W, Leonard TR. Force enhancement following stretching of skeletal muscle: a new mechanism. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2002 May 1;205(9):1275-83.
• Kirsch RF, Boskov D, Rymer WZ. Muscle stiffness during transient and continuous movements of cat muscle: perturbation characteristics and physiological relevance. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 1994 Aug;41(8):758-70.
• Kleinbach C, Martynenko O, Promies J, Haeufle DF, Fehr J, Schmitt S. Implementation and validation of the extended Hill-type muscle model with robust routing capabilities in LS-DYNA for active human body models. Biomedical engineering online. 2017 Dec;16(1):1-28.