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<div class="example" id="environment-variables">
<h2><a href="./">Go by Example</a>: Environment Variables</h2>
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<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_variable">Environment variables</a>
are a universal mechanism for <a href="http://www.12factor.net/config">conveying configuration
information to Unix programs</a>.
Let&rsquo;s look at how to set, get, and list environment variables.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;os&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;strings&quot;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="s">&quot;fmt&quot;</span>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<p>To set a key/value pair, use <code>os.Setenv</code>. To get a
value for a key, use <code>os.Getenv</code>. This will return
an empty string if the key isn&rsquo;t present in the
environment.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Setenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;FOO&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;FOO:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Getenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;FOO&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;BAR:&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Getenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;BAR&quot;</span><span class="p">))</span>
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<p>Use <code>os.Environ</code> to list all key/value pairs in the
environment. This returns a slice of strings in the
form <code>KEY=value</code>. You can <code>strings.Split</code> them to
get the key and value. Here we print all the keys.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre> <span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">e</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="k">range</span> <span class="nx">os</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Environ</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">pair</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">strings</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Split</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">&quot;=&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">pair</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
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<p>Running the program shows that we pick up the value
value for <code>FOO</code> that we set in the program, but that
<code>BAR</code> is empty.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> go run environment-variables.go
<span class="go">FOO: 1</span>
<span class="go">BAR: </span>
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<p>The list of keys in the environment will depend on your
particular machine.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="go">TERM_PROGRAM</span>
<span class="go">PATH</span>
<span class="go">SHELL</span>
<span class="go">...</span>
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<p>If we set <code>BAR</code> in the environemnt first, the running
program picks that value up.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nv">BAR</span><span class="o">=</span>2 go run environment-variables.go
<span class="go">FOO: 1</span>
<span class="go">BAR: 2</span>
<span class="go">...</span>
</pre></div>
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<p class="next">
Next example: <a href="spawning-processes">Spawning Processes</a>.
</p>
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