diff --git a/flopy4/mf6/decorators.py b/flopy4/mf6/decorators.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d45ade8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flopy4/mf6/decorators.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+from attrs import NOTHING
+from xattree import array as xattree_array
+from xattree import coord as xattree_coord
+from xattree import dim as xattree_dim
+from xattree import field as xattree_field
+
+
+def field(
+    default=NOTHING,
+    validator=None,
+    converter=None,
+    repr=True,
+    eq=True,
+    init=True,
+    metadata=None,
+    block: str | None = None,
+):
+    """Create a field."""
+    if block:
+        metadata = metadata or {}
+        metadata["block"] = block
+    return xattree_field(
+        default=default,
+        validator=validator,
+        converter=converter,
+        repr=repr,
+        eq=eq,
+        init=init,
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
+
+
+def dim(
+    scope=None,
+    coord: bool | str = True,
+    default=NOTHING,
+    repr=True,
+    eq=True,
+    init=True,
+    metadata=None,
+    block: str | None = None,
+):
+    """Create a dimension field."""
+    if block:
+        metadata = metadata or {}
+        metadata["block"] = block
+    return xattree_dim(
+        scope=scope,
+        coord=coord,
+        default=default,
+        repr=repr,
+        eq=eq,
+        init=init,
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
+
+
+def coord(
+    scope=None,
+    default=NOTHING,
+    repr=True,
+    eq=True,
+    metadata=None,
+    block: str | None = None,
+):
+    """Create a coordinate field."""
+    if block:
+        metadata = metadata or {}
+        metadata["block"] = block
+    return xattree_coord(
+        scope=scope,
+        default=default,
+        repr=repr,
+        eq=eq,
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
+
+
+def array(
+    cls=None,
+    dims=None,
+    default=NOTHING,
+    validator=None,
+    converter=None,
+    repr=True,
+    eq=None,
+    metadata=None,
+    block: str | None = None,
+):
+    """Create an array field."""
+    if block:
+        metadata = metadata or {}
+        metadata["block"] = block
+    return xattree_array(
+        cls=cls,
+        dims=dims,
+        default=default,
+        validator=validator,
+        converter=converter,
+        repr=repr,
+        eq=eq,
+        metadata=metadata,
+    )
diff --git a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/__init__.py b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/__init__.py
index ee720d59..e39be265 100644
--- a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/__init__.py
+++ b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/__init__.py
@@ -6,8 +6,9 @@
 import xarray as xr
 from attrs import define
 from flopy.discretization.grid import Grid
-from xattree import field, xattree
+from xattree import xattree
 
+from flopy4.mf6.decorators import field
 from flopy4.mf6.gwf.chd import Chd
 from flopy4.mf6.gwf.dis import Dis
 from flopy4.mf6.gwf.ic import Ic
@@ -64,22 +65,14 @@ class NewtonOptions:
         newton: bool = field()
         under_relaxation: bool = field()
 
-    list: Optional[str] = field(default=None, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    print_input: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    print_flows: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    save_flows: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    newtonoptions: Optional[NewtonOptions] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    nc_mesh2d_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    nc_structured_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    nc_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
+    list: Optional[str] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    print_input: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    print_flows: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    save_flows: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    newtonoptions: Optional[NewtonOptions] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    nc_mesh2d_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    nc_structured_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    nc_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(block="options", default=None)
 
     @property
     def grid(self) -> Grid:
diff --git a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/chd.py b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/chd.py
index a8c91a11..d2478d96 100644
--- a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/chd.py
+++ b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/chd.py
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 import numpy as np
 from attrs import Converter, define
 from numpy.typing import NDArray
-from xattree import array, field, xattree
+from xattree import xattree
 
 from flopy4.mf6.converters import convert_array
+from flopy4.mf6.decorators import array, field
 from flopy4.mf6.package import Package
 
 
@@ -20,57 +21,47 @@ class Steps:
         steps: list[int] = field()
         frequency: int = field()
 
-    auxiliary: Optional[list[str]] = array(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    auxmultname: Optional[str] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    boundnames: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    print_input: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    print_flows: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    save_flows: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    ts_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    obs_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
+    auxiliary: Optional[list[str]] = array(block="options", default=None)
+    auxmultname: Optional[str] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    boundnames: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    print_input: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    print_flows: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    save_flows: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    ts_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    obs_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(block="options", default=None)
     dev_no_newton: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    maxbound: Optional[int] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "dimensions"}
-    )
+    maxbound: Optional[int] = field(block="dimensions", default=None)
     head: Optional[NDArray[np.floating]] = array(
+        block="period",
         dims=(
             "nper",
             "nnodes",
         ),
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "period"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     aux: Optional[NDArray[np.floating]] = array(
+        block="period",
         dims=(
             "nper",
             "nnodes",
         ),
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "period"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     boundname: Optional[NDArray[np.str_]] = array(
+        block="period",
         dims=(
             "nper",
             "nnodes",
         ),
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "period"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     steps: Optional[NDArray[np.object_]] = array(
         Steps,
+        block="period",
         dims=("nper", "nnodes"),
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "period"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
diff --git a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/dis.py b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/dis.py
index a44be7bc..efad4ab7 100644
--- a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/dis.py
+++ b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/dis.py
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 from attrs import Converter
 from flopy.discretization.structuredgrid import StructuredGrid
 from numpy.typing import NDArray
-from xattree import array, dim, field, xattree
+from xattree import xattree
 
 from flopy4.mf6.converters import convert_array
+from flopy4.mf6.decorators import array, dim, field
 from flopy4.mf6.package import Package
 
 
@@ -14,65 +15,57 @@ class Dis(Package):
         default=None,
         metadata={"block": "options"},
     )
-    nogrb: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    xorigin: float = field(default=None, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    yorigin: float = field(default=None, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    angrot: float = field(default=None, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    export_array_netcdf: bool = field(
-        default=False, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
+    nogrb: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    xorigin: float = field(block="options", default=None)
+    yorigin: float = field(block="options", default=None)
+    angrot: float = field(block="options", default=None)
+    export_array_netcdf: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
     nlay: int = dim(
+        block="dimensions",
         coord="lay",
         scope="gwf",
         default=1,
-        metadata={
-            "block": "dimensions",
-        },
     )
     ncol: int = dim(
+        block="dimensions",
         coord="col",
         scope="gwf",
         default=2,
-        metadata={
-            "block": "dimensions",
-        },
     )
     nrow: int = dim(
+        block="dimensions",
         coord="row",
         scope="gwf",
         default=2,
-        metadata={
-            "block": "dimensions",
-        },
     )
     delr: NDArray[np.floating] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         default=1.0,
         dims=("ncol",),
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     delc: NDArray[np.floating] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         default=1.0,
         dims=("nrow",),
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     top: NDArray[np.floating] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         default=1.0,
         dims=("ncol", "nrow"),
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     botm: NDArray[np.floating] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         default=0.0,
         dims=("ncol", "nrow", "nlay"),
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     idomain: NDArray[np.integer] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         default=1,
         dims=("ncol", "nrow", "nlay"),
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     nnodes: int = dim(
diff --git a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/ic.py b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/ic.py
index 940faa3b..97b2ff41 100644
--- a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/ic.py
+++ b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/ic.py
@@ -1,24 +1,20 @@
 import numpy as np
 from attrs import Converter
 from numpy.typing import NDArray
-from xattree import array, field, xattree
+from xattree import xattree
 
 from flopy4.mf6.converters import convert_array
+from flopy4.mf6.decorators import array, field
 from flopy4.mf6.package import Package
 
 
 @xattree
 class Ic(Package):
     strt: NDArray[np.floating] = array(
+        block="packagedata",
         dims=("nnodes",),
         default=1.0,
-        metadata={"block": "packagedata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
-    export_array_ascii: bool = field(
-        default=False, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    export_array_netcdf: bool = field(
-        default=False,
-        metadata={"block": "options"},
-    )
+    export_array_ascii: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    export_array_netcdf: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
diff --git a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/npf.py b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/npf.py
index 68ee26be..3e2cc1ff 100644
--- a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/npf.py
+++ b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/npf.py
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 import numpy as np
 from attrs import Converter, define
 from numpy.typing import NDArray
-from xattree import array, field, xattree
+from xattree import xattree
 
 from flopy4.mf6.converters import convert_array
+from flopy4.mf6.decorators import array, field
 from flopy4.mf6.package import Package
 
 
@@ -29,86 +30,68 @@ class Xt3dOptions:
         xt3d: bool = field()
         rhs: bool = field()
 
-    save_flows: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    print_flows: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    alternative_cell_averaging: Optional[str] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    thickstrt: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    cvoptions: Optional[CvOptions] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    perched: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    rewet_record: Optional[RewetRecord] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    xt3d_options: Optional[Xt3dOptions] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    save_specific_discharge: bool = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    save_saturation: bool = field(default=None, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    k22overk: bool = field(default=None, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    k33overk: bool = field(default=None, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    tvk_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    export_array_ascii: bool = field(
-        default=False, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    export_array_netcdf: bool = field(
-        default=False, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    dev_no_newton: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    dev_omega: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
+    save_flows: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    print_flows: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    alternative_cell_averaging: Optional[str] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    thickstrt: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    cvoptions: Optional[CvOptions] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    perched: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    rewet_record: Optional[RewetRecord] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    xt3d_options: Optional[Xt3dOptions] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    save_specific_discharge: bool = field(block="options", default=None)
+    save_saturation: bool = field(block="options", default=None)
+    k22overk: bool = field(block="options", default=None)
+    k33overk: bool = field(block="options", default=None)
+    tvk_filerecord: Optional[Path] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    export_array_ascii: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    export_array_netcdf: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    dev_no_newton: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    dev_omega: Optional[float] = field(block="options", default=None)
     icelltype: NDArray[np.integer] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         dims=("nnodes",),
         default=0,
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     k: NDArray[np.floating] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         dims=("nnodes",),
         default=1.0,
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     k22: Optional[NDArray[np.floating]] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         dims=("nnodes",),
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     k33: Optional[NDArray[np.floating]] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         dims=("nnodes",),
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     angle1: Optional[NDArray[np.floating]] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         dims=("nnodes",),
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     angle2: Optional[NDArray[np.floating]] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         dims=("nnodes",),
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     angle3: Optional[NDArray[np.floating]] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         dims=("nnodes",),
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     wetdry: Optional[NDArray[np.floating]] = array(
+        block="griddata",
         dims=("nnodes",),
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "griddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
diff --git a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/oc.py b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/oc.py
index 2322760a..6423dad4 100644
--- a/flopy4/mf6/gwf/oc.py
+++ b/flopy4/mf6/gwf/oc.py
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 import numpy as np
 from attrs import Converter, define
 from numpy.typing import NDArray
-from xattree import array, field, xattree
+from xattree import xattree
 
 from flopy4.mf6.converters import convert_array
+from flopy4.mf6.decorators import array, field
 from flopy4.mf6.package import Package
 from flopy4.utils import to_path
 
@@ -18,9 +19,7 @@ class Format:
         columns: int = field(default=10)
         width: int = field(default=11)
         digits: int = field(default=4)
-        format: Literal["exponential", "fixed", "general", "scientific"] = (
-            field(default="general")
-        )
+        format: Literal["exponential", "fixed", "general", "scientific"] = field(default="general")
 
     @define(slots=False)
     class Steps:
@@ -36,48 +35,46 @@ class Period:
         steps: "Oc.Steps" = field()
 
     budget_file: Optional[Path] = field(
+        block="options",
         converter=to_path,
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "options"},
     )
     budget_csv_file: Optional[Path] = field(
+        block="options",
         converter=to_path,
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "options"},
     )
     head_file: Optional[Path] = field(
+        block="options",
         converter=to_path,
         default=None,
-        metadata={"block": "options"},
-    )
-    format: Optional[Format] = field(
-        default=None, init=False, metadata={"block": "options"}
     )
+    format: Optional[Format] = field(block="options", default=None, init=False)
     save_head: Optional[NDArray[np.object_]] = array(
         Steps,
+        block="perioddata",
         default="all",
         dims=("nper",),
-        metadata={"block": "perioddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     save_budget: Optional[NDArray[np.object_]] = array(
         Steps,
+        block="perioddata",
         default="all",
         dims=("nper",),
-        metadata={"block": "perioddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     print_head: Optional[NDArray[np.object_]] = array(
         Steps,
+        block="perioddata",
         default="all",
         dims=("nper",),
-        metadata={"block": "perioddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     print_budget: Optional[NDArray[np.object_]] = array(
         Steps,
+        block="perioddata",
         default="all",
         dims=("nper",),
-        metadata={"block": "perioddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
diff --git a/flopy4/mf6/ims.py b/flopy4/mf6/ims.py
index e345b0cf..cce99931 100644
--- a/flopy4/mf6/ims.py
+++ b/flopy4/mf6/ims.py
@@ -1,88 +1,39 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional
 
-from xattree import field, xattree
+from xattree import xattree
 
+from flopy4.mf6.decorators import field
 from flopy4.mf6.solution import Solution
 
 
 @xattree
 class Ims(Solution):
-    print_option: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    complexity: str = field(default="simple", metadata={"block": "options"})
-    csv_outer_output_file: Optional[Path] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    csv_inner_output_file: Optional[Path] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    no_ptc: bool = field(default=False, metadata={"block": "options"})
-    no_ptc_option: Optional[str] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    ats_outer_maximum_fraction: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    outer_dvclose: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    outer_maximum: Optional[int] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    under_relaxation: Optional[str] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    under_relaxation_gamma: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "nonlinear"}
-    )
-    under_relaxation_theta: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "nonlinear"}
-    )
-    under_relaxation_kappa: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "nonlinear"}
-    )
-    under_relaxation_momentum: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "nonlinear"}
-    )
-    backtracking_tolerance: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "nonlinear"}
-    )
-    backtracking_reduction_factor: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "nonlinear"}
-    )
-    backtracking_residual_limit: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "nonlinear"}
-    )
-    inner_maximum: Optional[int] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "linear"}
-    )
-    inner_dvclose: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "linear"}
-    )
-    inner_rclose: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "linear"}
-    )
-    rclose_option: Optional[str] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "linear"}
-    )
-    linear_acceleration: Optional[str] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "linear"}
-    )
-    relaxation_factor: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "linear"}
-    )
-    preconditioner_levels: Optional[int] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "linear"}
-    )
-    preconditioner_drop_tolerance: Optional[float] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "linear"}
-    )
-    number_orthogonalizations: Optional[int] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "linear"}
-    )
-    scaling_method: Optional[str] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "linear"}
-    )
-    reordering_method: Optional[str] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "linear"}
-    )
+    print_option: bool = field(block="options", default=False)
+    complexity: str = field(block="options", default="simple")
+    csv_outer_output_file: Optional[Path] = field(default=None, block="options")
+    csv_inner_output_file: Optional[Path] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    no_ptc: bool = field(default=False, block="options")
+    no_ptc_option: Optional[str] = field(default=None, block="options")
+    ats_outer_maximum_fraction: Optional[float] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    outer_dvclose: Optional[float] = field(default=None, block="options")
+    outer_maximum: Optional[int] = field(default=None, block="options")
+    under_relaxation: Optional[str] = field(default=None, block="options")
+    under_relaxation_gamma: Optional[float] = field(block="nonlinear", default=None)
+    under_relaxation_theta: Optional[float] = field(block="nonlinear", default=None)
+    under_relaxation_kappa: Optional[float] = field(block="nonlinear", default=None)
+    under_relaxation_momentum: Optional[float] = field(block="nonlinear", default=None)
+    backtracking_tolerance: Optional[float] = field(block="nonlinear", default=None)
+    backtracking_reduction_factor: Optional[float] = field(block="nonlinear", default=None)
+    backtracking_residual_limit: Optional[float] = field(block="nonlinear", default=None)
+    inner_maximum: Optional[int] = field(block="linear", default=None)
+    inner_dvclose: Optional[float] = field(block="linear", default=None)
+    inner_rclose: Optional[float] = field(block="linear", default=None)
+    rclose_option: Optional[str] = field(block="linear", default=None)
+    linear_acceleration: Optional[str] = field(block="linear", default=None)
+    relaxation_factor: Optional[float] = field(block="linear", default=None)
+    preconditioner_levels: Optional[int] = field(block="linear", default=None)
+    preconditioner_drop_tolerance: Optional[float] = field(block="linear", default=None)
+    number_orthogonalizations: Optional[int] = field(block="linear", default=None)
+    scaling_method: Optional[str] = field(block="linear", default=None)
+    reordering_method: Optional[str] = field(block="linear", default=None)
diff --git a/flopy4/mf6/indexes.py b/flopy4/mf6/indexes.py
index 5312a746..2bd0329d 100644
--- a/flopy4/mf6/indexes.py
+++ b/flopy4/mf6/indexes.py
@@ -27,9 +27,7 @@ def __init__(self, indices):
 
     @classmethod
     def from_variables(cls, variables):
-        return {
-            k: PandasIndex.from_variables({k: v}) for k, v in variables.items()
-        }
+        return {k: PandasIndex.from_variables({k: v}) for k, v in variables.items()}
 
     def create_variables(self, variables=None):
         idx_vars = {}
diff --git a/flopy4/mf6/tdis.py b/flopy4/mf6/tdis.py
index e9e2b163..a294ab17 100644
--- a/flopy4/mf6/tdis.py
+++ b/flopy4/mf6/tdis.py
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
 from attrs import Converter, define
 from flopy.discretization.modeltime import ModelTime
 from numpy.typing import NDArray
-from xattree import ROOT, array, dim, field, xattree
+from xattree import ROOT, xattree
 
 from flopy4.mf6.converters import convert_array
+from flopy4.mf6.decorators import array, dim, field
 from flopy4.mf6.package import Package
 
 
@@ -20,33 +21,29 @@ class PeriodData:
         tsmult: float
 
     nper: int = dim(
+        block="dimensions",
         coord="per",
         default=1,
         scope=ROOT,
-        metadata={"block": "dimensions"},
-    )
-    time_units: Optional[str] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
-    )
-    start_date_time: Optional[datetime] = field(
-        default=None, metadata={"block": "options"}
     )
+    time_units: Optional[str] = field(block="options", default=None)
+    start_date_time: Optional[datetime] = field(block="options", default=None)
     perlen: NDArray[np.floating] = array(
+        block="perioddata",
         default=1.0,
         dims=("nper",),
-        metadata={"block": "perioddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     nstp: NDArray[np.integer] = array(
+        block="perioddata",
         default=1,
         dims=("nper",),
-        metadata={"block": "perioddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
     tsmult: NDArray[np.floating] = array(
+        block="perioddata",
         default=1.0,
         dims=("nper",),
-        metadata={"block": "perioddata"},
         converter=Converter(convert_array, takes_self=True, takes_field=True),
     )
 
diff --git a/flopy4/mf6/utils/heads_reader.py b/flopy4/mf6/utils/heads_reader.py
index aec239d6..d5ff7758 100644
--- a/flopy4/mf6/utils/heads_reader.py
+++ b/flopy4/mf6/utils/heads_reader.py
@@ -57,9 +57,7 @@ def open_hds(
     head: xr.DataArray
     """
     grid = StructuredGrid.from_binary_grid_file(grb_path)
-    return _open_hds_dis(
-        hds_path, grid, dry_nan, simulation_start_time, time_unit
-    )
+    return _open_hds_dis(hds_path, grid, dry_nan, simulation_start_time, time_unit)
 
 
 def _open_hds_dis(
@@ -84,22 +82,14 @@ def _open_hds_dis(
     for i in range(ntime):
         # TODO verify dimension order
         pos = i * (nlayer * (52 + nrow * ncol * 8))
-        a = dask.delayed(read_hds_timestep)(
-            path, nlayer, nrow, ncol, dry_nan, pos
-        )
-        x = dask.array.from_delayed(
-            a, shape=(nlayer, nrow, ncol), dtype=np.float64
-        )
+        a = dask.delayed(read_hds_timestep)(path, nlayer, nrow, ncol, dry_nan, pos)
+        x = dask.array.from_delayed(a, shape=(nlayer, nrow, ncol), dtype=np.float64)
         dask_list.append(x)
 
     daskarr = dask.array.stack(dask_list, axis=0)
-    data_array = xr.DataArray(
-        daskarr, coords, ("time", "layer", "y", "x"), name="head"
-    )
+    data_array = xr.DataArray(daskarr, coords, ("time", "layer", "y", "x"), name="head")
     if simulation_start_time is not None:
-        data_array = assign_datetime_coords(
-            data_array, simulation_start_time, time_unit
-        )
+        data_array = assign_datetime_coords(data_array, simulation_start_time, time_unit)
     return data_array
 
 
@@ -131,9 +121,7 @@ def get_coords(grid: StructuredGrid) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return coords
 
 
-def read_times(
-    path: Path, ntime: int, nlayer: int, nrow: int, ncol: int
-) -> np.ndarray:
+def read_times(path: Path, ntime: int, nlayer: int, nrow: int, ncol: int) -> np.ndarray:
     """
     Reads all total simulation times.
     """
@@ -154,9 +142,7 @@ def read_times(
     with open(path, "rb") as f:
         f.seek(start_of_header)
         for i in range(ntime):
-            times[i] = struct.unpack("d", f.read(8))[
-                0
-            ]  # total simulation time
+            times[i] = struct.unpack("d", f.read(8))[0]  # total simulation time
             f.seek(nskip, 1)
     return times
 
@@ -187,14 +173,9 @@ def assign_datetime_coords(
     time_unit: str | None = "d",
 ) -> xr.DataArray:
     if "time" not in da.coords:
-        raise ValueError(
-            "cannot convert time column,"
-            " because a time column could not be found"
-        )
+        raise ValueError("cannot convert time column, because a time column could not be found")
 
-    time = pd.Timestamp(simulation_start_time) + pd.to_timedelta(
-        da["time"], unit=time_unit
-    )
+    time = pd.Timestamp(simulation_start_time) + pd.to_timedelta(da["time"], unit=time_unit)
     return da.assign_coords(time=time)
 
 
diff --git a/pixi.lock b/pixi.lock
index f94c1036..5b5a0c85 100644
--- a/pixi.lock
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-      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#56cbd85c30a2d8a871d51f1999244e36f8185d95
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-      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#56cbd85c30a2d8a871d51f1999244e36f8185d95
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+      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#30b15917c24d29583ab8a166d2a7d0b0a9d3a84a
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-      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#56cbd85c30a2d8a871d51f1999244e36f8185d95
+      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#30b15917c24d29583ab8a166d2a7d0b0a9d3a84a
       - pypi: https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/75/5b/bde22ca13b4db9ff8696a610c919c98475bd22e258729de33464c551c325/xugrid-0.14.1-py3-none-any.whl
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-      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#56cbd85c30a2d8a871d51f1999244e36f8185d95
+      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#30b15917c24d29583ab8a166d2a7d0b0a9d3a84a
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-      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#56cbd85c30a2d8a871d51f1999244e36f8185d95
+      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#30b15917c24d29583ab8a166d2a7d0b0a9d3a84a
       - pypi: https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/75/5b/bde22ca13b4db9ff8696a610c919c98475bd22e258729de33464c551c325/xugrid-0.14.1-py3-none-any.whl
       - pypi: https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d6/7d/b77455d7c7c51255b2992b429107fab811b2e36ceaf76da1e55a045dc568/xyzservices-2025.4.0-py3-none-any.whl
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-      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#56cbd85c30a2d8a871d51f1999244e36f8185d95
+      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#30b15917c24d29583ab8a166d2a7d0b0a9d3a84a
       - pypi: https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/75/5b/bde22ca13b4db9ff8696a610c919c98475bd22e258729de33464c551c325/xugrid-0.14.1-py3-none-any.whl
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-      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#56cbd85c30a2d8a871d51f1999244e36f8185d95
+      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#30b15917c24d29583ab8a166d2a7d0b0a9d3a84a
       - pypi: https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/75/5b/bde22ca13b4db9ff8696a610c919c98475bd22e258729de33464c551c325/xugrid-0.14.1-py3-none-any.whl
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-      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#56cbd85c30a2d8a871d51f1999244e36f8185d95
+      - pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#30b15917c24d29583ab8a166d2a7d0b0a9d3a84a
       - pypi: https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/75/5b/bde22ca13b4db9ff8696a610c919c98475bd22e258729de33464c551c325/xugrid-0.14.1-py3-none-any.whl
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@@ -4175,7 +4175,7 @@ packages:
 - pypi: .
   name: flopy4
   version: 0.0.1.dev0
-  sha256: fef07d40d33ef5c596bfc477efb352e194546d10b8126731cbdd53455363f7fd
+  sha256: 548a8f0e706b6acb5b22177d1536a0f5e0018612968852255a5ec20b23063400
   requires_dist:
   - attrs
   - cattrs
@@ -10311,7 +10311,7 @@ packages:
   - types-pytz ; extra == 'types'
   - types-setuptools ; extra == 'types'
   requires_python: '>=3.10'
-- pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#56cbd85c30a2d8a871d51f1999244e36f8185d95
+- pypi: git+https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#30b15917c24d29583ab8a166d2a7d0b0a9d3a84a
   name: xattree
   version: 0.1.0.dev0
   requires_dist:
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index b15495ca..87bb63c0 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ include = ["flopy4", "flopy4.*"]
 "flopy4.toml" = ["dfns/toml/*.toml"]
 
 [tool.ruff]
-line-length = 79
+line-length = 100
 target-version = "py311"
 include = ["pyproject.toml", "flopy4/**/*.py", "test/**/*.py", "docs/**/*.py"]
 extend-include = ["docs/**/*.ipynb"]
diff --git a/test/conftest.py b/test/conftest.py
index 419c1847..5a43042d 100644
--- a/test/conftest.py
+++ b/test/conftest.py
@@ -13,6 +13,4 @@ def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
             for file in sorted(EXAMPLES_PATH.glob("*example.py"))
             if file.stem not in EXCLUDED_EXAMPLES
         }
-        metafunc.parametrize(
-            "example_script", scripts.values(), ids=scripts.keys()
-        )
+        metafunc.parametrize("example_script", scripts.values(), ids=scripts.keys())
diff --git a/test/test_cattrs.py b/test/test_cattrs.py
index f77e8927..823f25b1 100644
--- a/test/test_cattrs.py
+++ b/test/test_cattrs.py
@@ -50,9 +50,7 @@ def test_unstructure_xarray_tree_to_ascii():
     f = Baz(x=x_tree)
 
     converter = Converter()
-    converter.register_unstructure_hook(
-        Baz, lambda b: " ".join(b.x["x"].data.astype(str))
-    )
+    converter.register_unstructure_hook(Baz, lambda b: " ".join(b.x["x"].data.astype(str)))
     f_dict = converter.unstructure(f)
 
     # The data is formatted in ascii format.
diff --git a/test/test_component.py b/test/test_component.py
index 10edbe9c..4f7ef840 100644
--- a/test/test_component.py
+++ b/test/test_component.py
@@ -141,16 +141,12 @@ def test_init_gwf_top_down_misaligned():
         "ncol": grid.ncol,
     }
     gwf = Gwf()
-    with pytest.raises(
-        ValueError, match=r"group '/dis' is not aligned with its parents"
-    ):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"group '/dis' is not aligned with its parents"):
         Dis(parent=gwf, **dims)
 
     # passing dims explicitly to gwf doesn't work either.
     # one MUST create the component declaring dims first.
-    with pytest.raises(
-        ValueError, match=r"group '/dis' is not aligned with its parents"
-    ):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"group '/dis' is not aligned with its parents"):
         Gwf(dims=dims)
 
 
@@ -224,12 +220,8 @@ def test_init_big_sim():
     assert np.array_equal(sim.models["gwf"].npf.data.k, np.ones(10000))
     assert chd.head[0, 0] == 1.0
     assert chd.head[0, 9999] == 0.0
-    assert np.array_equal(
-        chd.head[0, 1:9999].data.todense(), np.full((9998,), FILL_DNODATA)
-    )
-    assert np.array_equal(
-        chd.head.data.todense(), chd.data.head.data.todense()
-    )
+    assert np.array_equal(chd.head[0, 1:9999].data.todense(), np.full((9998,), FILL_DNODATA))
+    assert np.array_equal(chd.head.data.todense(), chd.data.head.data.todense())
     assert np.array_equal(
         chd.head.data.todense(),
         sim.models["gwf"].chd[0].data.head.data.todense(),
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index e4667b4e..b4062ee2 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -3583,7 +3583,7 @@ parallel = [
 [[package]]
 name = "xattree"
 version = "0.1.0.dev0"
-source = { git = "https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#56cbd85c30a2d8a871d51f1999244e36f8185d95" }
+source = { git = "https://github.com/modflowpy/xattree.git#30b15917c24d29583ab8a166d2a7d0b0a9d3a84a" }
 dependencies = [
     { name = "attrs" },
     { name = "cattrs" },