diff --git a/pymongo/mongo_client.py b/pymongo/mongo_client.py
index 5d3cfcd832..53d0ffda75 100644
--- a/pymongo/mongo_client.py
+++ b/pymongo/mongo_client.py
@@ -2329,7 +2329,8 @@ def run(self) -> T:
                         # ConnectionFailures do not supply a code property
                         exc_code = getattr(exc, "code", None)
                         if self._is_not_eligible_for_retry() or (
-                            exc_code and exc_code not in helpers._RETRYABLE_ERROR_CODES
+                            isinstance(exc, OperationFailure)
+                            and exc_code not in helpers._RETRYABLE_ERROR_CODES
                         ):
                             raise
                         self._retrying = True
diff --git a/test/mockupdb/test_cursor.py b/test/mockupdb/test_cursor.py
index 1cf3a05ed5..96a7e17053 100644
--- a/test/mockupdb/test_cursor.py
+++ b/test/mockupdb/test_cursor.py
@@ -16,11 +16,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import unittest
+from test import PyMongoTestCase
 
 from mockupdb import MockupDB, OpMsg, going
 
 from bson.objectid import ObjectId
 from pymongo import MongoClient
+from pymongo.errors import OperationFailure
 
 
 class TestCursor(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -57,5 +59,31 @@ def test_getmore_load_balanced(self):
                 request.replies({"cursor": {"id": cursor_id, "nextBatch": [{}]}})
 
 
+class TestRetryableErrorCodeCatch(PyMongoTestCase):
+    def _test_fail_on_operation_failure_with_code(self, code):
+        """Test reads on error codes that should not be retried"""
+        server = MockupDB()
+        server.run()
+        self.addCleanup(server.stop)
+        server.autoresponds("ismaster", maxWireVersion=6)
+
+        client = MongoClient(server.uri)
+
+        with going(lambda: server.receives(OpMsg({"find": "collection"})).command_err(code=code)):
+            cursor = client.db.collection.find()
+            with self.assertRaises(OperationFailure) as ctx:
+                cursor.next()
+            self.assertEqual(ctx.exception.code, code)
+
+    def test_fail_on_operation_failure_none(self):
+        self._test_fail_on_operation_failure_with_code(None)
+
+    def test_fail_on_operation_failure_zero(self):
+        self._test_fail_on_operation_failure_with_code(0)
+
+    def test_fail_on_operation_failure_one(self):
+        self._test_fail_on_operation_failure_with_code(1)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()