diff --git a/source/crud/tests/README.rst b/source/crud/tests/README.rst
index a912e7d599..50e76f3e69 100644
--- a/source/crud/tests/README.rst
+++ b/source/crud/tests/README.rst
@@ -160,6 +160,15 @@ The legacy format should not conflict with the newer, multi-operation format
 used by other specs (e.g. Transactions). It is possible to create a unified test
 runner capable of executing both formats (as some drivers do).
 
+Error Assertions for Bulk Write Operations
+==========================================
+
+When asserting errors (e.g. ``errorContains``, ``errorCodeName``) for bulk write
+operations, the test harness should inspect the ``writeConcernError`` and/or
+``writeErrors`` properties of the bulk write exception. This may not be needed for
+``errorContains`` if a driver concatenates all write and write concern error
+messages into the bulk write exception's top-level message.
+
 Test Runner Implementation
 ==========================
 
diff --git a/source/transactions-convenient-api/tests/callback-retry.json b/source/transactions-convenient-api/tests/callback-retry.json
index ed36434452..a0391c1b5d 100644
--- a/source/transactions-convenient-api/tests/callback-retry.json
+++ b/source/transactions-convenient-api/tests/callback-retry.json
@@ -235,7 +235,8 @@
             "errorLabelsOmit": [
               "TransientTransactionError",
               "UnknownTransactionCommitResult"
-            ]
+            ],
+            "errorContains": "E11000"
           }
         }
       ],
diff --git a/source/transactions-convenient-api/tests/callback-retry.yml b/source/transactions-convenient-api/tests/callback-retry.yml
index ca0342a359..edff016bdb 100644
--- a/source/transactions-convenient-api/tests/callback-retry.yml
+++ b/source/transactions-convenient-api/tests/callback-retry.yml
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ tests:
                 result:
                   errorLabelsOmit: ["TransientTransactionError", "UnknownTransactionCommitResult"]
         result:
-          # Don't assert on errorCodeName because (after SERVER-38583) the
-          # DuplicateKey is reported in writeErrors, not as a top-level
-          # command error.
           errorLabelsOmit: ["TransientTransactionError", "UnknownTransactionCommitResult"]
+          # DuplicateKey error code included in the bulk write error message
+          # returned by the server
+          errorContains: E11000
     expectations:
       -
         command_started_event:
diff --git a/source/transactions/tests/abort.json b/source/transactions/tests/abort.json
index 821a15afbe..3729a98298 100644
--- a/source/transactions/tests/abort.json
+++ b/source/transactions/tests/abort.json
@@ -458,7 +458,8 @@
             "errorLabelsOmit": [
               "TransientTransactionError",
               "UnknownTransactionCommitResult"
-            ]
+            ],
+            "errorContains": "E11000"
           }
         },
         {
diff --git a/source/transactions/tests/abort.yml b/source/transactions/tests/abort.yml
index 9b3bc6e442..aa79043232 100644
--- a/source/transactions/tests/abort.yml
+++ b/source/transactions/tests/abort.yml
@@ -305,10 +305,10 @@ tests:
           document:
             _id: 1
         result:
-          # Don't assert on errorCodeName because (after SERVER-38583) the
-          # DuplicateKey is reported in writeErrors, not as a top-level
-          # command error.
           errorLabelsOmit: ["TransientTransactionError", "UnknownTransactionCommitResult"]
+          # DuplicateKey error code included in the bulk write error message
+          # returned by the server
+          errorContains: E11000
       # Make sure the server aborted the transaction.
       - name: insertOne
         object: collection
diff --git a/source/transactions/tests/error-labels.json b/source/transactions/tests/error-labels.json
index 3e2451ade8..8662b6d76d 100644
--- a/source/transactions/tests/error-labels.json
+++ b/source/transactions/tests/error-labels.json
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@
             "errorLabelsOmit": [
               "TransientTransactionError",
               "UnknownTransactionCommitResult"
-            ]
+            ],
+            "errorContains": "E11000"
           }
         },
         {
diff --git a/source/transactions/tests/error-labels.yml b/source/transactions/tests/error-labels.yml
index 5c8b428e17..840b603f37 100644
--- a/source/transactions/tests/error-labels.yml
+++ b/source/transactions/tests/error-labels.yml
@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ tests:
             - _id: 1
             - _id: 1
         result:
-          # Don't assert on errorCodeName because (after SERVER-38583) the
-          # DuplicateKey is reported in writeErrors, not as a top-level
-          # command error.
           errorLabelsOmit: ["TransientTransactionError", "UnknownTransactionCommitResult"]
+          # DuplicateKey error code included in the bulk write error message
+          # returned by the server
+          errorContains: E11000
       - name: abortTransaction
         object: session0