diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 68969c4..9478436 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,63 +1,8 @@ -# Plover Theory: Learn Stenography +# Plover Theory has Moved! -### What is Stenography? +Gitbook is moving in an unsavory direction with its v2, so I've decided to migrate to another technology. Now, I'm using the amazing [VuePress](https://vuepress.vuejs.org/) and hosting my book on GitHub with a new name and a new domain: -Stenography is the fastest way to write on a computer. Court reporters have used machine stenography since the early 1900s to create written records of human speech in realtime. - -Nowadays, stenography is used for: - -* live TV captioning -* realtime transcription and/or translation of speeches, conferences and lectures -* court reporting, especially in high profile cases where accuracy and turnaround time are important -* coding, writing prose, chatting online, and other indirect places you would use a keyboard -* fun, as a hobby with a speed and ergonomics benefit over typing - -This book is part of the [Open Steno Project](http://openstenoproject.org), which seeks to get stenography into everyone's hands through free learning materials, drilling tools, cheap hardware, and free software. - -### What is Plover? - -[Plover](http://openstenoproject.org/plover) is an open source application that lets you control your computer with a steno machine. It also lets you use an [NKRO \(n-key rollover\) keyboard](http://stenoknight.com/wiki/N-key_rollover) _as a steno machine_. It brings the barrier of entry for steno hardware from thousands of dollars to potentially free, as many gamers already own an NKRO keyboard. - -Thanks to Plover, there are hundreds of people who have taught themselves stenography with free resources online, and now use stenography for different purposes at different speeds. You don't need to reach 225 words per minute (WPM), the certified court reporter speed in the United States, to get a speed and ergonomics boost over a conventional keyboard. - -The purpose of this book is to teach you Plover's steno theory. There are many different theories you can use and learn, but Plover comes with a perfectly competent dictionary for free that evolves over time. Plover theory is built on top of the personal dictionary of Mirabai Knight, the inventor of Plover - -### What is a Steno Theory? - -Before I take a stab at defining what a steno theory is, let's take a step back and look at some of the history of stenography. Stenography is the art and study of shorthand. The Open Steno Project and Plover are specifically concerned with _machine stenography_, also known as machine shorthand. You might have heard of pen shorthand before, like [Gregg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregg_shorthand), [Pitman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitman_shorthand), or [Teeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand). Journalists and court reporters used to use pen shorthand to take notes at high speeds, and would later convert their notes from shorthand to text. There were many systems that were used, particularly in different countries. Gregg was popular in the States, Pitman and Teeline in the UK. These systems tend to look very different from each other, but they are all based in phonetics, because English is a much simpler language sounded-out than written. - -Machine shorthand came about in the early 1900s, created by Ward Stone Ireland. Using many of the same principles as written shorthand, Ireland was able to create a machine that could produce shorthand notes at a greater speed than when writing with a pen. Machine stenography is faster than pen shorthand just as typing is faster than writing. The layout that Ward Stone Ireland came up with is still used today in modern stenography. Like with pen shorthand, there are other machine shorthand "systems" used world-wide, as Ireland's was very focused on English. There are different layouts \(sometimes just a renaming of letters on the stenotype\) for different languages, and there are also different physical machines. In the UK you might find the [Palantype](http://www.openstenoproject.org/palantype/tutorial/2016/08/21/learn-palantype.html), which is similar in theory to stenography, but with more keys. Across Europe you can find the [Velotype](http://www.velotype.com/en/), which is an orthographic chorded keyboard created with the intention of being multi-lingual. Both of these are very unlike from Ireland's steno machine, which was invented for simplicity, speed, and \(originally\) English. - -None of these things are _theories_, though. A theory is a way one could use a given system. In Gregg shorthand writing, there are various editions and revisions. These could be thought of as different theories, where [Centennial](https://www.amazon.com/Gregg-Shorthand-College-Book-Centennial/dp/0070736618) differs from the later [Simplified](https://www.amazon.com/GREGG-Shorthand-Manual-Simplified/dp/0070245487). Writers of each would have a hard time making sense of each other's notes, despite them both writing "Gregg". In the same way, stenography has many, many different theories. - -The fact is, with most modern steno theories \(called realtime theories, a dated term referring to the fact that stenographers now write on computers instantly instead of manually transcribing from their notes\), the foundations are mostly the same. All popular theories write most of the alphabet the same way, but disagree on how to write less common letters like Z. The real power of theories, and what people will spend hours debating over, is their balance between consistency and speed. - -On one end, you have a theory like [Phoenix](http://www.phoenixtheory.com/). Phoenix is a theory that takes the phonetic aspect of stenography very seriously, and sacrifices some speed in order to have a very predictable, memorable, and consistent theory. Writers of Phoenix rarely encounter a word they can't figure out how to write with their theory, at the cost of sometimes having to use more keys and time to write words and phrases. - -On the total opposite of the spectrum, you have theories like [Magnum Steno](http://www.magnumsteno.com/). Magnum throws consistency out in exchange for a large amount of memorization. The trade-off? Writing really, really quickly and often pumping out two-, three-, and four-word phrases where other theories get one word at a time. The big downside is that if you get stuck on a word you can't figure out, you might have to take time to look it up in the dictionary. - -Phoenix and Magnum were born out of moving away from the center, which would be a reasonable mix of phonetic theory with some spelling disambiguators, plus a good dose of phrasing and shortcuts to still maintain fast writing. Such a middle-ground theory actually came first, and is called [StenEd](http://www.stened.com/). StenEd is still the most popular steno theory, mainly because of momentum and market share, as well as the fact that teachers tend to teach what they themselves have learned. - -### What is Plover Theory? - -Plover Theory, the subject of this book, is most similar to StenEd, but leans ever-so-slightly more towards the Magnum side of things in terms of trying to write quickly. The big difference between Plover and the other theories is that it's 100% free and doesn't require purchasing learning materials or the dictionary itself. The first time you open Plover, the dictionary is already loaded. Plain and simple. - -Theories manifest, often, as a dictionary and a textbook. The textbook explains the mapping from sounds and spelling to machine shorthand, and the dictionary is where all the mappings are stored. Changing the theory you write with is as simple as loading the dictionary into Plover, and likewise you can move Plover's dictionary into paid steno software if that is ever necessary. Dictionaries tend to have 100,000 to 500,000 mappings, in order to cover the entire English language. Don't worry, you don't need to memorize that much, as most of these entries are just realization of the rules covered in the textbook. - -In addition to your theory dictionary, you, as a stenographer, will always be defining your own personal dictionary. Everybody's mind works differently and sometimes you'll have a mnemonic or perspective that suits you better than what the theory you're using provides. It's encouraged to build on top of a theory and come up with better ways to write words and add new vocabulary. With Plover's dictionary, you can also [suggest changes and improvements](https://github.com/openstenoproject/plover/issues/400). - -As mentioned earlier, most theories are still quite similar at the core. Many students find it easy enough to switch to a different theory even after a year of learning. Don't beat yourself up trying to choose a theory; just start learning stenography and you'll organically find what does and doesn't work for you. Some Plover users have switched to Magnum and Phoenix, but most stick with Plover Theory. - -### Why This Book? - -I'm a self-taught hobbyist stenographer. I learned everything I know from the Internet, including websites like [QWERTYSteno](http://QWERTYSteno.com), [_Learn Plover!_](https://sites.google.com/site/ploverdoc/home), and many other [learning resources](https://github.com/openstenoproject/plover/wiki/Learning-Stenography). However, the lessons I found online felt dense and lacked real-world utility for me. I read through _Learn Plover!_ three or four times, trying to grasp every subtle line, but while it teaches core theory very well, it just dumps on a bunch of briefs for common words, punctuation, and affixes as an afterthought. You don't end up writing coherent sentences in _Learn Plover!_ until the end of the book. In this book, you are writing sentences as soon as you learn your first set of keys. - -My goal is to make a textbook that can be read cover to cover, with or without steno hardware or Plover running, that teaches you everything from where the keys are on the steno keyboard, to basic theory and word forming, to real-world briefs, to advanced techniques to help you squeeze the most out of stenography. - -The book is incomplete; I'm writing it and reworking it all the time. I'm not a writer; I'm a software developer, so feedback and corrections are appreciated, though I might not get back to you as I'm reworking the format of the lessons over and over again. You can mail me at [morinted@gmail.com](mailto:morinted@gmail.com) - -I'm writing this entire book exclusively using stenography. +**Come join me at ** All the best, - -Ted Morin +Ted ✌ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/compound_sounds.md b/compound_sounds.md index a71e7ed..478e524 100644 --- a/compound_sounds.md +++ b/compound_sounds.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compound_sounds/" + # Compound Sounds Now we know all the core sounds in steno theory. This covers all of the letters of the alphabet as well as all the phonemes in English. diff --git a/compounds/con_com.md b/compounds/con_com.md index cb6b7a1..33419a6 100644 --- a/compounds/con_com.md +++ b/compounds/con_com.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/con_com" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/con_com.html" # con-, com- diff --git a/compounds/ent_int.md b/compounds/ent_int.md index d77c434..5504240 100644 --- a/compounds/ent_int.md +++ b/compounds/ent_int.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/ent_int" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/ent_int.html" # ent-, int- diff --git a/compounds/f_as_s.md b/compounds/f_as_s.md index 5d50b01..2fe59da 100644 --- a/compounds/f_as_s.md +++ b/compounds/f_as_s.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/f_as_s" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/f_as_s.html" # -F as -s diff --git a/compounds/inversion.md b/compounds/inversion.md index 9889a9b..27f159c 100644 --- a/compounds/inversion.md +++ b/compounds/inversion.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/inversion" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/inversion.html" # Inversion diff --git a/compounds/lge_nge_lk_nk.md b/compounds/lge_nge_lk_nk.md index f682647..69d4f50 100644 --- a/compounds/lge_nge_lk_nk.md +++ b/compounds/lge_nge_lk_nk.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/lge_nge_lk_nk" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/lge_nge_lk_nk.html" # -lge, -nge, -lk, -nk diff --git a/compounds/ment.md b/compounds/ment.md index 25554a4..ed45946 100644 --- a/compounds/ment.md +++ b/compounds/ment.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/ment" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/ment.html" # -ment diff --git a/compounds/mp.md b/compounds/mp.md index 7fc12e8..9f30b9e 100644 --- a/compounds/mp.md +++ b/compounds/mp.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/mp" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/mp.html" # -mp diff --git a/compounds/nch_rch.md b/compounds/nch_rch.md index 229532a..fad7c3f 100644 --- a/compounds/nch_rch.md +++ b/compounds/nch_rch.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/nch_rch" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/nch_rch.html" # -nch, -rch diff --git a/compounds/rve.md b/compounds/rve.md index 22cc6e9..c034f40 100644 --- a/compounds/rve.md +++ b/compounds/rve.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/rve" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/rve.html" # -rve diff --git a/compounds/shun.md b/compounds/shun.md index cc6b4c8..24c9352 100644 --- a/compounds/shun.md +++ b/compounds/shun.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/shun" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/shun.html" # -shun, -kshun diff --git a/compounds/w_as_v.md b/compounds/w_as_v.md index 64cc6b8..c2d2962 100644 --- a/compounds/w_as_v.md +++ b/compounds/w_as_v.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/w_as_v" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/compounds/w_as_v.html" # W as v- diff --git a/draft-work/brainstorming.md b/draft-work/brainstorming.md index 972a0ba..7bca0ac 100644 --- a/draft-work/brainstorming.md +++ b/draft-work/brainstorming.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/draft-work/brainstorming" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/draft-work/brainstorming.html" ## **Oh, no, you've reached the end of the book!** diff --git a/layout/basic-number-bar.md b/layout/basic-number-bar.md index 0d99360..e518985 100644 --- a/layout/basic-number-bar.md +++ b/layout/basic-number-bar.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/layout/basic-number-bar" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/layout/basic-number-bar.html" # Basic Number Bar diff --git a/layout/bottom-row.md b/layout/bottom-row.md index c384744..59e163f 100644 --- a/layout/bottom-row.md +++ b/layout/bottom-row.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/layout/bottom-row" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/layout/bottom-row.html" # Bottom Row diff --git a/layout/d-and-z.md b/layout/d-and-z.md index a928d2c..a48364a 100644 --- a/layout/d-and-z.md +++ b/layout/d-and-z.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/layout/d-and-z" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/layout/d-and-z.html" # \*, D, and Z diff --git a/missing_sounds.md b/missing_sounds.md index 21b1294..bdc7a13 100644 --- a/missing_sounds.md +++ b/missing_sounds.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/" + # Hidden Sounds So far we've covered all the basic sounds in steno, as well as over 25 briefs. That's amazing progress and is more than many students will learn in their first month of theory class. You are encouraged to go back and do the exercises over again, as their lessons will always be relevant at any level. diff --git a/sounds/aw_ow_-k.md b/sounds/aw_ow_-k.md index 0acf614..883f62c 100644 --- a/sounds/aw_ow_-k.md +++ b/sounds/aw_ow_-k.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/aw_ow_-k" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/aw_ow_-k.html" # Vowels aw and ow; Right side K diff --git a/sounds/ay_oy.md b/sounds/ay_oy.md index f96eaf7..57e7c3e 100644 --- a/sounds/ay_oy.md +++ b/sounds/ay_oy.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/ay_oy" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/ay_oy.html" # Vowels ay and oy diff --git a/sounds/ch_th.md b/sounds/ch_th.md index 72a661d..e2150a2 100644 --- a/sounds/ch_th.md +++ b/sounds/ch_th.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/ch_th" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/ch_th.html" # Both sides CH and TH diff --git a/sounds/dbl.md b/sounds/dbl.md index 213897e..63a1478 100644 --- a/sounds/dbl.md +++ b/sounds/dbl.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/dbl" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/dbl.html" # Left side D, B, and L diff --git a/sounds/ee.md b/sounds/ee.md index fa13b90..abbc6b0 100644 --- a/sounds/ee.md +++ b/sounds/ee.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/ee" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/ee.html" # Vowel ee diff --git a/sounds/eye.md b/sounds/eye.md index bf2e806..665ac23 100644 --- a/sounds/eye.md +++ b/sounds/eye.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/eye" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/eye.html" # Vowel eye diff --git a/sounds/f_q.md b/sounds/f_q.md index aad4afd..bec14a7 100644 --- a/sounds/f_q.md +++ b/sounds/f_q.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/f_q" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/f_q.html" # Left side F and Q diff --git a/sounds/fingerspelling.md b/sounds/fingerspelling.md index c6290cb..d5dac9a 100644 --- a/sounds/fingerspelling.md +++ b/sounds/fingerspelling.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/fingerspelling" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/fingerspelling.html" # Fingerspelling diff --git a/sounds/g_j.md b/sounds/g_j.md index affb0ba..c2fb271 100644 --- a/sounds/g_j.md +++ b/sounds/g_j.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/g_j" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/g_j.html" # Both sides G and J diff --git a/sounds/i.md b/sounds/i.md index 79a30a6..caedc29 100644 --- a/sounds/i.md +++ b/sounds/i.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/i" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/i.html" # Vowel i diff --git a/sounds/m.md b/sounds/m.md index 6b582ce..5597e36 100644 --- a/sounds/m.md +++ b/sounds/m.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/m" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/m.html" # Both sides M diff --git a/sounds/n.md b/sounds/n.md index 0821976..76d5526 100644 --- a/sounds/n.md +++ b/sounds/n.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/n" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/n.html" # Both sides N diff --git a/sounds/oh.md b/sounds/oh.md index 40f8b06..35dd292 100644 --- a/sounds/oh.md +++ b/sounds/oh.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/oh" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/oh.html" # Vowel oh diff --git a/sounds/sh.md b/sounds/sh.md index f8b7983..d0c5b5a 100644 --- a/sounds/sh.md +++ b/sounds/sh.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/sh" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/sh.html" # Both sides SH diff --git a/sounds/v.md b/sounds/v.md index c4bed01..fa8bcdd 100644 --- a/sounds/v.md +++ b/sounds/v.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/v" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/v.html" # Both sides V diff --git a/sounds/x.md b/sounds/x.md index 0a38ae0..233f8c6 100644 --- a/sounds/x.md +++ b/sounds/x.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/x" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/x.html" # Both sides X diff --git a/sounds/y_z.md b/sounds/y_z.md index 6dd484e..51c0507 100644 --- a/sounds/y_z.md +++ b/sounds/y_z.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/y_z" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/y_z.html" # Left side Y and Z diff --git a/sounds/you_oo.md b/sounds/you_oo.md index c88b2e1..2cdce60 100644 --- a/sounds/you_oo.md +++ b/sounds/you_oo.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/you_oo" +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/sounds/you_oo.html" # Vowels you and oo diff --git a/the_layout.md b/the_layout.md index 3070023..0593f89 100644 --- a/the_layout.md +++ b/the_layout.md @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@ # The Layout +!REDIRECT "http://www.artofchording.com/layout/" + In the first chapter you will learn: - What makes a chorded keyboard different