diff --git a/apps/dav/lib/Migration/Version1025Date20240308063933.php b/apps/dav/lib/Migration/Version1025Date20240308063933.php
index a75fc85eccc39..e30a9ea02921f 100644
--- a/apps/dav/lib/Migration/Version1025Date20240308063933.php
+++ b/apps/dav/lib/Migration/Version1025Date20240308063933.php
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 namespace OCA\DAV\Migration;
 
 use Closure;
+use OCP\AppFramework\Services\IAppConfig;
 use OCP\DB\ISchemaWrapper;
 use OCP\DB\QueryBuilder\IQueryBuilder;
 use OCP\DB\Types;
@@ -36,10 +37,13 @@
 
 class Version1025Date20240308063933 extends SimpleMigrationStep {
 
+	private IAppConfig $appConfig;
 	private IDBConnection $db;
 
-	public function __construct(IDBConnection $db) {
+	public function __construct(IAppConfig $appConfig,
+		IDBConnection $db) {
 		$this->db = $db;
+		$this->appConfig = $appConfig;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -67,7 +71,22 @@ public function changeSchema(IOutput $output, Closure $schemaClosure, array $opt
 	}
 
 	public function postSchemaChange(IOutput $output, \Closure $schemaClosure, array $options): void {
+		// The threshold is higher than the default of \OCA\DAV\BackgroundJob\PruneOutdatedSyncTokensJob
+		// but small enough to fit into a cluster transaction size.
+		// For a 50k users instance that would still keep 10 changes on average.
+		$limit = max(1, (int) $this->appConfig->getAppValue('totalNumberOfSyncTokensToKeep', '500000'));
+
 		foreach (['addressbookchanges', 'calendarchanges'] as $tableName) {
+			$thresholdSelect = $this->db->getQueryBuilder();
+			$thresholdSelect->select('id')
+				->from($tableName)
+				->orderBy('id', 'desc')
+				->setFirstResult($limit)
+				->setMaxResults(1);
+			$oldestIdResult = $thresholdSelect->executeQuery();
+			$oldestId = $oldestIdResult->fetchColumn();
+			$oldestIdResult->closeCursor();
+
 			$qb = $this->db->getQueryBuilder();
 
 			$update = $qb->update($tableName)
@@ -76,7 +95,15 @@ public function postSchemaChange(IOutput $output, \Closure $schemaClosure, array
 					$qb->expr()->eq('created_at', $qb->createNamedParameter(0, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT)),
 				);
 
+			// If there is a lot of data we only set timestamp for the most recent rows
+			// because the rest will be deleted by \OCA\DAV\BackgroundJob\PruneOutdatedSyncTokensJob
+			// anyway.
+			if ($oldestId !== false) {
+				$update->andWhere($qb->expr()->gt('id', $qb->createNamedParameter($oldestId, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT), IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT));
+			}
+
 			$updated = $update->executeStatement();
+
 			$output->debug('Added a default creation timestamp to ' . $updated . ' rows in ' . $tableName);
 		}
 	}