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In the last few days I've been running into a bunch of btrfs corruption issues on my Macbook M2 Air. I initially suspected a single fluke, but it got worse.
Yesterday I entirely re-created the filesystem (luks with --allow-discards), then mkfs.btrfs with default params, and again got btrfs errors.
It seems I can rule out the internal SSD internal, as the same issues also happens on a (somewhat reliable and fast) external SSD (formatted with LUKS and btrfs).
Opening filesystem to check...
Checking filesystem on /dev/mapper/usb
UUID: a4d7d051-44ee-4512-bcfd-3b634526b02a
[1/7] checking root items
[2/7] checking extents
[3/7] checking free space tree
[4/7] checking fs roots
[5/7] checking csums against data
mirror 1 bytenr 23302864896 csum 0xc296d77c expected csum 0xe5e91fb3
ERROR: errors found in csum tree
[6/7] checking root refs
[7/7] checking quota groups skipped (not enabled on this FS)
found 42043219968 bytes used, error(s) found
total csum bytes: 40380008
total tree bytes: 685703168
total fs tree bytes: 570392576
total extent tree bytes: 63324160
btree space waste bytes: 119804959
file data blocks allocated: 41357516800
referenced 41357484032
This was after copying my /nix/store from the host to /mnt, and unmounting.
dmesg of the host:
6.192083] BTRFS: device label root devid 1 transid 41 /dev/disk/by-label/root scanned by mount (530)
[ 6.192241] BTRFS info (device dm-0): first mount of filesystem 5eaac3f0-833c-4f0f-b6f5-df3eb94e4327
[ 6.192248] BTRFS info (device dm-0): using crc32c (crc32c-generic) checksum algorithm
[ 6.192252] BTRFS info (device dm-0): forcing free space tree for sector size 4096 with page size 16384
[ 6.192254] BTRFS info (device dm-0): using free-space-tree
[ 6.192254] BTRFS warning (device dm-0): read-write for sector size 4096 with page size 16384 is experimental
[ 6.200521] BTRFS info (device dm-0): checking UUID tree
[ 6.740028] systemd-journald[807]: Creating journal file /var/log/journal/bbe02739e577495c999bfebef448138d/system.journal on a btrfs file system, and copy-on-write is enabled. This is likely to slow down journal access substantially, please consider turning off the copy-on-write file attribute on the journal directory, using chattr +C.
[ 6.817857] BTRFS info: devid 1 device path /dev/disk/by-label/root changed to /dev/dm-0 scanned by (udev-worker) (936)
[ 7896.890101] BTRFS: device fsid a4d7d051-44ee-4512-bcfd-3b634526b02a devid 1 transid 6 /dev/mapper/usb scanned by mount (17224)
[ 7896.890774] BTRFS info (device dm-2): first mount of filesystem a4d7d051-44ee-4512-bcfd-3b634526b02a
[ 7896.890802] BTRFS info (device dm-2): using crc32c (crc32c-generic) checksum algorithm
[ 7896.890811] BTRFS info (device dm-2): forcing free space tree for sector size 4096 with page size 16384
[ 7896.890816] BTRFS info (device dm-2): using free-space-tree
[ 7896.890819] BTRFS warning (device dm-2): read-write for sector size 4096 with page size 16384 is experimental
[ 7896.892854] BTRFS info (device dm-2): checking UUID tree
[ 7896.893323] BTRFS info (device dm-2): last unmount of filesystem a4d7d051-44ee-4512-bcfd-3b634526b02a
[ 7902.339423] BTRFS: device fsid a4d7d051-44ee-4512-bcfd-3b634526b02a devid 1 transid 8 /dev/mapper/usb scanned by mount (17294)
[ 7902.340267] BTRFS info (device dm-2): first mount of filesystem a4d7d051-44ee-4512-bcfd-3b634526b02a
[ 7902.340294] BTRFS info (device dm-2): using crc32c (crc32c-generic) checksum algorithm
[ 7902.340303] BTRFS info (device dm-2): forcing free space tree for sector size 4096 with page size 16384
[ 7902.340308] BTRFS info (device dm-2): using free-space-tree
[ 7902.340312] BTRFS warning (device dm-2): read-write for sector size 4096 with page size 16384 is experimental
[ 8089.623727] BTRFS warning (device dm-0): csum failed root 5 ino 978709 off 1253376 csum 0x81dd87df expected csum 0xe77556aa mirror 1
[ 8089.623738] BTRFS error (device dm-0): bdev /dev/dm-0 errs: wr 0, rd 0, flush 0, corrupt 1, gen 0
[ 8320.442776] BTRFS warning (device dm-0): csum failed root 5 ino 807754 off 49152 csum 0x579bee4a expected csum 0x8a36f543 mirror 1
[ 8320.442794] BTRFS error (device dm-0): bdev /dev/dm-0 errs: wr 0, rd 0, flush 0, corrupt 2, gen 0
[ 8320.450734] BTRFS warning (device dm-0): csum failed root 5 ino 807754 off 94208 csum 0x857c0a3b expected csum 0xc3bf7a9c mirror 1
[ 8320.450739] BTRFS error (device dm-0): bdev /dev/dm-0 errs: wr 0, rd 0, flush 0, corrupt 3, gen 0
[ 8320.462502] BTRFS warning (device dm-0): csum failed root 5 ino 807754 off 49152 csum 0x579bee4a expected csum 0x8a36f543 mirror 1
[ 8320.462507] BTRFS error (device dm-0): bdev /dev/dm-0 errs: wr 0, rd 0, flush 0, corrupt 4, gen 0
[ 8320.470859] BTRFS warning (device dm-0): csum failed root 5 ino 807754 off 49152 csum 0x579bee4a expected csum 0x8a36f543 mirror 1
[ 8320.470866] BTRFS error (device dm-0): bdev /dev/dm-0 errs: wr 0, rd 0, flush 0, corrupt 5, gen 0
[ 8336.179155] BTRFS warning (device dm-0): checksum verify failed on logical 1039695872 mirror 1 wanted 0x9e547725 found 0x87cd70c6 level 0
[ 8336.179673] BTRFS info (device dm-0): read error corrected: ino 0 off 1039695872 (dev /dev/dm-0 sector 2047040)
[ 8651.859183] BTRFS info (device dm-2): last unmount of filesystem a4d7d051-44ee-4512-bcfd-3b634526b02a
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