ratpack user manual

Title	ratpack (VHDL rational arithmetic package).
Author	Nikolaos Kavvadias 2009-2020
Contact	nikolaos.kavvadias@gmail.com
Website	http://www.nkavvadias.com
Release Date	12 December 2020
Version	0.3.6
Rev. history
v0.3.6	2020-12-12 Self-checking test driver for GHDL simulation
v0.3.5	2016-23-07 Use sim/rtl_sim/bin dir, ignores for git, clean script
v0.3.4	2016-03-12 Updates dates, Changelog.
v0.3.3	2014-11-29 Added project logo in README.
v0.3.2	2014-10-14 Replaced COPYING by LICENSE.
v0.3.1	2014-09-22 New features and changes: Testing of max, rmin (min), rmax (max). Automatic end of simulation (via forced assert). Renamed run.sh to ghdl.sh. Added mti.sh and ratpack_tb1/tb2.do for Modelsim. README update.
v0.3.0	2014-09-22 Updated for github (contents of /doc moved to top-level directory, minor documentation changes).
v0.2.0	2014-02-21 Changed documentation format to RestructuredText. Code has been reorganized into new directory structure.
v0.1.3	2010-11-17 Added max, min.
v0.1.2	2010-11-17 Added gcditer (iterative GCD using rational numbers).
v0.1.1	2010-06-07 Minor update in documentation (README).
v0.1.0	2010-05-14 First public release.

1. Introduction

ratpack is a rational arithmetic package written in VHDL.

Currently, the ratpack package implements the following:

• the RATIONAL data type.
• to_rational: construction function of a rational given two integers (numerator and denominator).
• int2rat: conversion function of an integer to its rational representation.
• numerator: extracts the numerator of a rational number.
• denominator: extracts the denominator of a rational number.
• "+", "-", "*", "/": implementation of the basic arithmetic operations for rationals.
• abs: extracts the absolute value of a given rational number.
• max: extracts the maximum of two rationals.
• min: extracts the minimum of two rationals.
• ">", "<", ">=", "<=", "=", "/=": overload comparison operators for rationals.
• gcd: computes the greatest common divisor of two integers (positive, covers the pathological case of division by zero).
• mediant: computes the mediant rational of two given rationals.

ratpack is distributed along with two VHDL testbenches: a simple one (ratpack_tb1.vhd) and a testbench generating the Farey series of orders 1 to 12 (ratpack_tb2.vhd). An exemplary rational arithmetic ALU has also been included but it is currently left untested (not testbench for it).

The ratpack project can be download from the following OpenCores website: http://opencores.org/project,ratpack

An up-to-date version of the ratpack code base is also maintained on Github: http://github.com/nkkav/ratpack.git

2. File listing

The ratpack distribution includes the following files:

/ratpack	Top-level directory
AUTHORS	List of ratpack authors.
LICENSE	The modified BSD license governs ratpack.
README.rst	This file.
README.html	HTML version of README.
README.pdf	PDF version of README.
ratpack.png	PNG image for the ratpack project logo.
rst2docs.sh	Bash script for generating the HTML and PDF versions.
VERSION	Current version of the project sources.
/bench/vhdl	Testbench source code directory for the package
ratpack_tb1.vhd	A simple testbench.
ratpack_tb2.vhd	Testbench generating the Farey series (orders 1-12).
/rtl/vhdl	RTL source code directory for the package
ratalu.vhd	Implementation of a rational arithmetic ALU.
ratpack.vhd	The rational arithmetic package.
/sim/rtl_sim	RTL simulation files directory
/sim/rtl_sim/bin	RTL simulation makefiles directory
ratpack.mk	GNU Makefile for running GHDL simulations.
ratpack_tb1.do	Modelsim .do script for running the simulation for testbench ratpack_tb1.vhd.
ratpack_tb2.do	Modelsim .do script for running the simulation for testbench ratpack_tb2.vhd.
/sim/rtl_sim/out	RTL simulation output files directory
ratpack_results1.txt	Output generated by the ratpack_tb1.vhd tests.
ratpack_results2.txt	Output generated by the ratpack_tb2.vhd tests.
/sim/rtl_sim/run	RTL simulation run scripts directory
clean.sh	A bash script for cleaning simulation artifacts.
ghdl.sh	A bash script for running the GNU Makefile for GHDL.
mti.sh	A bash script for running the Mentor Modelsim simulation for either testbench.

3. ratpack usage

Contents of the ratpack distribution can be simulated using either GHDL or Mentor Modelsim using the provided scripts.

3.1. GHDL

The ratpack package test script for GHDL can be used as follows:

$./ghdl.sh <package/entity name> <test case>

from within directory ratpack/sim/rtl_sim/run.

After this process, the ratpack_results.txt file is generated containing simulation results.

Here follow some simple usage examples of this bash script.

1. Compile the ratpack package and do a simple test.

$ cd sim/rtl_sim/run

$ ./ghdl.sh ratpack 1

The default results for comparison can be found as sim/rtl_sim/out/ratpack_results1.txt

2. Compile the ratpack package and generate the Farey series.

$ ./ghdl.sh ratpack 2

The default results for comparison can be found as sim/rtl_sim/out/ratpack_results2.txt

The run script expects that the GHDL simulator is installed and its bin directory is in the $PATH.

3.2 Modelsim

For running the Modelsim simulation, the ratpack package test script for can be used as follows:

$./mti.sh <package/entity name> <test case>

from within directory ratpack/sim/rtl_sim/run.

1. Compile the ratpack package and do a simple test.

$ cd sim/rtl_sim/run

$ ./mti.sh ratpack 1

As in the GHDL case, a diagnostic text file is produced. The default results for comparison can be found as sim/rtl_sim/out/ratpack_results1.txt

2. Compile the ratpack package and generate the Farey series.

$ ./mti.sh ratpack 2

The default results for comparison can be found as sim/rtl_sim/out/ratpack_results2.txt

4. Prerequisites

• Standard UNIX-based tools (tested on cygwin/x86 and MinGW/x64)

  • make
  • bash

• GHDL simulator (http://ghdl.free.fr)

  Provides the "ghdl" executable and corresponding simulation environment.

• Alternatively to GHDL, the Mentor Modelsim simulator (http://www.mentor.com)