diff --git a/.changeset/views-translation-key-runtime-identity.md b/.changeset/views-translation-key-runtime-identity.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed77125557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/views-translation-key-runtime-identity.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+'@objectstack/cli': minor
+---
+
+i18n 提取器改用运行时视图身份来命名 `_views` 翻译键(#5164 第 1 棒 / cli 段)
+
+**BREAKING(已发布翻译包的键):容器默认 `list` 的 `_views` 键由 `list` 改为运行时裸键。**
+
+`objectstack i18n extract` / `os lint` 过去用 `view.list.name ?? 'list'` 推导一个
+`defineView` 容器默认列表的翻译键,而运行时注册表(`expandViewContainer`,
+`packages/spec/src/ui/view.zod.ts`)给同一个视图的身份是 `<object>.default`。两者是
+两个不同的字符串,于是「只声明了默认 `list`、没有 `listViews`」的应用会拿到一份键为
+`list` 的翻译骨架、一个键为 `default` 的运行时视图,界面上永远显示英文原文 —— 无论作者
+按哪一侧编写都命中不了。
+
+提取器现在**向组装器本身查询**这个键,而不是第二次自行推导。因此它同时继承了组装器
+仅有的两条规则:
+
+- 无 `name` 的默认列表键为 `default`(不再是 `list`);带 `name` 的沿用作者的 `name`;
+- 结构上与某个 `listViews` 条目**完全相同**的默认列表会被组装器按签名折叠进该条目,
+  因此它没有自己的键 —— 提取器不再为它多写一个谁也读不到的骨架条目
+  (`examples/app-crm` 正是这个形状:`list` 与 `listViews.all` 同签名,真实键是 `all`)。
+
+维护者 2026-08-06 裁决:`_views` 翻译键的 canonical 拼写 = 运行时身份的裸键。
+
+## 升级:翻译包键的 FROM → TO
+
+只影响用 `defineView({ list: … })` 声明了**默认列表**、且为它写过翻译的包。
+
+| 容器形状 | FROM | TO |
+|---|---|---|
+| 默认 `list`,无 `name` | `objects.<object>._views.list.*` | `objects.<object>._views.default.*` |
+| 默认 `list`,带 `name: 'x'` | `objects.<object>._views.x.*` | 不变 |
+| 默认 `list` 与某个 `listViews.<k>` 结构相同 | `objects.<object>._views.list.*` | 删除(`_views.<k>.*` 已经覆盖它) |
+
+一行修法:把 `_views.list` 改名为 `_views.default`;如果同一对象下已经有一个与默认列表
+`type`/`label`/`columns` 完全一致的 `listViews` 条目,则直接删掉 `_views.list`。
+重新跑一次 `objectstack i18n extract`(merge 模式保留已有译文)会得到正确的骨架。
+
+本仓库自带示例已随迁:`examples/app-showcase` 5 个块、`examples/app-todo` 2 个语言包
+改名为 `default`;`examples/app-crm` 3 个折叠形状的 `_views.list` 块删除。
+`check:i18n-coverage` 棘轮基线经实测无需调整(需求侧与译文侧同批改名,覆盖数不变)。
+
+`packages/lint` 的 `collectViewRecord` 收窄(#6038)与 objectui `viewSuffixes` 去第二
+候选(objectui#3502)是本裁决的第 2、3 棒,不在本次变更内。
diff --git a/examples/app-crm/src/translations/crm.translation.ts b/examples/app-crm/src/translations/crm.translation.ts
index 7b27956961..0a0e1dfde8 100644
--- a/examples/app-crm/src/translations/crm.translation.ts
+++ b/examples/app-crm/src/translations/crm.translation.ts
@@ -126,8 +126,13 @@ export const CrmTranslationBundle = defineTranslationBundle({
           discount_percent: { label: '折扣 (%)' },
           owner_id: { label: '负责人' },
         },
+        // No `default` key here, deliberately (#5164). This container's default
+        // `list` is structurally identical to `listViews.all`, so the composer
+        // COLLAPSES the two and the only registry entry is
+        // `crm_opportunity.all` — `all` below already carries its label. The
+        // `list` key that used to sit here was dead weight that looked correct:
+        // it matched no runtime view under either spelling.
         _views: {
-          list: { label: '全部商机' },
           all: { label: '全部商机' },
           pipeline: { label: '商机看板' },
         },
@@ -143,8 +148,8 @@ export const CrmTranslationBundle = defineTranslationBundle({
           lead_score: { label: '线索评分' },
           source: { label: '来源' },
         },
+        // `list` removed — collapsed into `all`, see crm_opportunity (#5164).
         _views: {
-          list: { label: '全部线索' },
           all: { label: '全部线索' },
           pipeline: { label: '线索看板' },
         },
@@ -160,8 +165,8 @@ export const CrmTranslationBundle = defineTranslationBundle({
           contact: { label: '联系人' },
           opportunity: { label: '商机' },
         },
+        // `list` removed — collapsed into `all`, see crm_opportunity (#5164).
         _views: {
-          list: { label: '全部活动' },
           all: { label: '全部活动' },
           calendar: { label: '活动日历' },
         },
diff --git a/examples/app-showcase/src/system/translations/index.ts b/examples/app-showcase/src/system/translations/index.ts
index 4fed39c841..c9a0e91748 100644
--- a/examples/app-showcase/src/system/translations/index.ts
+++ b/examples/app-showcase/src/system/translations/index.ts
@@ -184,8 +184,13 @@ export const ShowcaseTranslationBundle = {
           start_date: { label: '开始日期' },
           end_date: { label: '结束日期' },
         },
+        // `default` — the container's DEFAULT list. `defineView({ list })`
+        // declares it without a `name`, and the composer therefore registers it
+        // as `<object>.default`; `_views` keys are that bare runtime key
+        // (#5164, ruled 2026-08-06). It read `list` until then, which no
+        // lookup could ever reach.
         _views: {
-          list: { label: '全部项目' },
+          default: { label: '全部项目' },
           by_status: { label: '按状态' },
           budget_chart: { label: '按客户预算' },
         },
@@ -223,7 +228,8 @@ export const ShowcaseTranslationBundle = {
           sync_error: { label: '同步错误' },
         },
         _views: {
-          list: { label: '全部任务' },
+          // The default list — keyed `default`, see showcase_project above.
+          default: { label: '全部任务' },
           in_progress: { label: '进行中' },
           urgent: { label: '紧急' },
           done: { label: '已完成' },
@@ -307,13 +313,16 @@ export const ShowcaseTranslationBundle = {
         // array, so nothing (runtime or gate) could reach these two surfaces.
         // Registering the container is what makes them translatable at all.
         //
-        // `_views.list` — the container's DEFAULT list, which the resolver ids
-        // as `list` (`primary.name || 'list'`). Its source label is the bare
-        // plural "Contacts", so the object's own `pluralLabel` above is the
-        // right word; the `全部…` spelling the task/project lists use belongs to
+        // `_views.default` — the container's DEFAULT list. It is declared
+        // without a `name`, so the composer registers it as
+        // `showcase_contact.default` and the bundle key is that bare runtime
+        // key (#5164, ruled 2026-08-06); it read `list` until then, a spelling
+        // no lookup could reach. Its source label is the bare plural
+        // "Contacts", so the object's own `pluralLabel` above is the right
+        // word; the `全部…` spelling the task/project lists use belongs to
         // labels that actually say "All …".
         _views: {
-          list: { label: '联系人' },
+          default: { label: '联系人' },
         },
         // `_sections` — the four groups of the default edit form in
         // `ui/views/contact.view.ts`. Each declares a stable `name`, which is
@@ -381,15 +390,16 @@ export const ShowcaseTranslationBundle = {
       // their object/field debt is inside the ratchet's baseline. Translating
       // the VIEW labels the coverage fix newly surfaces is what keeps the gate
       // from widening; the rest is left exactly as it was.
+      // (`default` = the container's DEFAULT list — see showcase_project.)
       showcase_inquiry: {
         _views: {
-          list: { label: '客户询问' },
+          default: { label: '客户询问' },
           triage: { label: '询问分流' },
         },
       },
       showcase_business_unit: {
         _views: {
-          list: { label: '全部单元' },
+          default: { label: '全部单元' },
           org_chart: { label: '组织架构图' },
         },
       },
diff --git a/examples/app-todo/src/translations/ja-JP.ts b/examples/app-todo/src/translations/ja-JP.ts
index 2f0c7bf5c8..82aeed834a 100644
--- a/examples/app-todo/src/translations/ja-JP.ts
+++ b/examples/app-todo/src/translations/ja-JP.ts
@@ -78,8 +78,9 @@ export const jaJP: TranslationData = {
         notes: { label: 'メモ' },
         category_color: { label: 'カテゴリ色' },
       },
+      // `default` — the container's DEFAULT list; see the zh-CN bundle (#5164).
       _views: {
-        list: { label: 'すべてのタスク' },
+        default: { label: 'すべてのタスク' },
         overdue: { label: '期限切れのタスク' },
         due_today: { label: '本日期限' },
       },
diff --git a/examples/app-todo/src/translations/zh-CN.ts b/examples/app-todo/src/translations/zh-CN.ts
index 1ef14e60b9..27acb342a6 100644
--- a/examples/app-todo/src/translations/zh-CN.ts
+++ b/examples/app-todo/src/translations/zh-CN.ts
@@ -82,8 +82,13 @@ export const zhCN: TranslationData = {
         notes: { label: '备注' },
         category_color: { label: '分类颜色' },
       },
+      // `default` — the container's DEFAULT list. `defineView({ list })`
+      // declares it without a `name`, so the composer registers it as
+      // `todo_task.default` and the bundle key is that bare runtime key
+      // (#5164, ruled 2026-08-06). It read `list` until then — a spelling
+      // no lookup could reach.
       _views: {
-        list: { label: '全部任务' },
+        default: { label: '全部任务' },
         overdue: { label: '逾期任务' },
         due_today: { label: '今日到期' },
       },
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/utils/i18n-extract.ts b/packages/cli/src/utils/i18n-extract.ts
index c9c39502ee..23fd76fe87 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/utils/i18n-extract.ts
+++ b/packages/cli/src/utils/i18n-extract.ts
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ import type { TranslationBundle, TranslationData } from '@objectstack/spec/syste
 import { METADATA_FORM_REGISTRY } from '@objectstack/spec/system';
 import { DEFAULT_METADATA_TYPE_REGISTRY } from '@objectstack/spec/kernel';
 import { deriveFieldGroupLayout } from '@objectstack/spec/data';
+import { expandViewContainer } from '@objectstack/spec/ui';
 import { walkPageComponents } from '@objectstack/lint';
 
 // ─── Public types ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -174,6 +175,48 @@ function viewObjectName(view: any): string | undefined {
   );
 }
 
+/**
+ * The bare `_views` key the RUNTIME assigns to a container's default `list`.
+ *
+ * Asked of the composer (`expandViewContainer`, `spec/src/ui/view.zod.ts`)
+ * rather than re-derived here — that function is the single producer of a
+ * view's runtime identity, and the whole point of #5164 is that a second
+ * derivation drifts from it. This walker used to spell the key
+ * `view.list.name ?? 'list'` while the composer named the very same view
+ * `<object>.default`, so a container declaring only a default `list` got a
+ * bundle skeleton keyed `list`, a registry entry keyed `default`, and an
+ * English label on screen forever. Ruled 2026-08-06 (#5164): canonical = the
+ * runtime identity's bare key.
+ *
+ * Two facts live in the composer and nowhere else, both load-bearing here:
+ *
+ *  1. a nameless default list is keyed **`default`** (never `list`), and a
+ *     named one keeps the author's `list.name`;
+ *  2. a default list whose STRUCTURE merely restates a `listViews` entry is
+ *     **collapsed into that entry** and has no key of its own — the
+ *     `examples/app-crm` shape, where `list` is signature-identical to
+ *     `listViews.all` and the live key is therefore `all`. This returns `all`
+ *     there, and the caller skips the emit because the `listViews` loop
+ *     already covered it. Emitting a second key for the collapsed view would
+ *     scaffold a translation no lookup can reach — the same defect one shape
+ *     over.
+ *
+ * A key renamed by a collision (`default` → `default_2`, when `listViews`
+ * already claimed `default`) is returned as renamed, because that rename is
+ * the registry key too.
+ *
+ * Returns `undefined` when the container declares no default `list`.
+ */
+function defaultListViewKey(object: string, container: any): string | undefined {
+  if (!container?.list || typeof container.list !== 'object') return undefined;
+  const item = expandViewContainer(object, container).find(
+    (i) => i.viewKind === 'list' && i.isDefault,
+  );
+  if (!item) return undefined;
+  const prefix = `${object}.`;
+  return item.name.startsWith(prefix) ? item.name.slice(prefix.length) : item.name;
+}
+
 /**
  * Emit label / description / emptyState for ONE view under
  * `objects.<object>._views.<viewName>.*` — the convention the runtime resolver
@@ -609,11 +652,20 @@ export function collectExpectedEntries(config: any): ExpectedEntry[] {
       continue;
     }
 
-    // The container's default list. The console ids an unnamed default as
-    // `primary.name || 'list'` (app-shell `ObjectView`), so it resolves under
-    // `_views.list`.
+    // The container's default list, keyed exactly as the runtime registry keys
+    // it — see `defaultListViewKey`. `undefined` means the container declares
+    // no default list; a key the container's own `listViews` also declares
+    // means the composer collapsed the two, and the loop below emits it.
     if (view.list && typeof view.list === 'object') {
-      pushViewEntries(out, viewObjectName(view.list) ?? containerObject, view.list.name ?? 'list', view.list);
+      const key = defaultListViewKey(containerObject, view);
+      const collapsedIntoListViews =
+        key !== undefined
+        && view.listViews
+        && typeof view.listViews === 'object'
+        && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(view.listViews, key);
+      if (key !== undefined && !collapsedIntoListViews) {
+        pushViewEntries(out, viewObjectName(view.list) ?? containerObject, key, view.list);
+      }
     }
     if (view.listViews && typeof view.listViews === 'object') {
       for (const [viewName, raw] of Object.entries<any>(view.listViews)) {
diff --git a/packages/cli/test/i18n-extract-view-key-identity.test.ts b/packages/cli/test/i18n-extract-view-key-identity.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f60f30c74c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/test/i18n-extract-view-key-identity.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2025 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
+//
+// #5164 — the `_views` bundle key a container's DEFAULT `list` gets from the
+// i18n extractor must be the SAME STRING the runtime registry assigns it.
+//
+// Three surfaces used to derive that key independently and disagree: the
+// composer (`expandViewContainer`) named a nameless default list
+// `<object>.default`, this extractor wrote `_views.list`, and the lint accepted
+// both. An app declaring only a default `list` therefore got a bundle skeleton
+// keyed `list`, a runtime view keyed `default`, and an English label on screen
+// forever. Maintainer ruling 2026-08-06: canonical = the runtime identity's
+// bare key; the extractor converges on the composer.
+//
+// These tests use the COMPOSER ITSELF as the oracle rather than hard-coding the
+// expected spelling, so they pin the invariant ("same key") and not one side's
+// current opinion of it. Hard-coded spellings are asserted too, but only where
+// the string is the thing under discussion.
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { expandViewContainer } from '@objectstack/spec/ui';
+import { collectExpectedEntries } from '../src/utils/i18n-extract';
+
+/** Every `_views` key the extractor scaffolds for `object`, in emit order. */
+function extractorViewKeys(object: string, container: any): string[] {
+  const prefix = `objects.${object}._views.`;
+  const keys: string[] = [];
+  for (const entry of collectExpectedEntries({ views: [container] })) {
+    const path = entry.path.join('.');
+    if (!path.startsWith(prefix) || !path.endsWith('.label')) continue;
+    keys.push(path.slice(prefix.length, -'.label'.length));
+  }
+  return keys;
+}
+
+/** Every LIST-family view key the runtime registry assigns for `object`. */
+function runtimeListViewKeys(object: string, container: any): string[] {
+  return expandViewContainer(object, container)
+    .filter((item) => item.viewKind === 'list')
+    .map((item) => item.name.slice(`${object}.`.length));
+}
+
+const data = { provider: 'object', object: 'task' } as const;
+
+describe('_views keys the extractor scaffolds == the keys the runtime registry assigns (#5164)', () => {
+  it('a default-only `list` container is keyed `default`, never `list`', () => {
+    // The exact shape measured in the issue body.
+    const container = {
+      list: { label: 'All Tasks', type: 'grid', data, columns: ['title'] },
+    };
+
+    expect(runtimeListViewKeys('task', container)).toEqual(['default']);
+    expect(extractorViewKeys('task', container)).toEqual(['default']);
+
+    const paths = collectExpectedEntries({ views: [container] }).map((e) => e.path.join('.'));
+    expect(paths).toContain('objects.task._views.default.label');
+    expect(paths).not.toContain('objects.task._views.list.label');
+  });
+
+  it('carries the default list\'s own label onto the `default` key', () => {
+    const container = {
+      list: { label: 'All Tasks', type: 'grid', data, columns: ['title'] },
+    };
+    const byPath = Object.fromEntries(
+      collectExpectedEntries({ views: [container] }).map((e) => [e.path.join('.'), e.sourceValue]),
+    );
+    expect(byPath['objects.task._views.default.label']).toBe('All Tasks');
+  });
+
+  it('a default list that STRUCTURALLY restates a `listViews` entry gets no key of its own', () => {
+    // The `examples/app-crm` shape: the composer collapses the two by signature,
+    // so `crm_*.all` is the only registry entry and a second scaffolded key
+    // would be a translation no lookup can reach — the same defect one shape over.
+    const view = { label: 'All', type: 'grid', data, columns: ['title'] };
+    const container = { list: { ...view }, listViews: { all: { ...view } } };
+
+    expect(runtimeListViewKeys('task', container)).toEqual(['all']);
+    expect(extractorViewKeys('task', container)).toEqual(['all']);
+  });
+
+  it('a default list carrying an explicit `name` keeps that name on both sides', () => {
+    const container = {
+      list: { name: 'recent', label: 'Recent', type: 'grid', data, columns: ['title'] },
+    };
+
+    expect(runtimeListViewKeys('task', container)).toEqual(['recent']);
+    expect(extractorViewKeys('task', container)).toEqual(['recent']);
+  });
+
+  it('a default list alongside a distinct `listViews` entry keys both, same set as the registry', () => {
+    const container = {
+      list: { label: 'All', type: 'grid', data, columns: ['title'] },
+      listViews: {
+        open: { label: 'Open', type: 'grid', data, columns: ['title', 'status'] },
+      },
+    };
+
+    expect(runtimeListViewKeys('task', container).sort()).toEqual(['default', 'open']);
+    expect(extractorViewKeys('task', container).sort()).toEqual(['default', 'open']);
+  });
+
+  it('a `listViews.default` collision renames the default list, and the skeleton follows the rename', () => {
+    // The composer keeps the registry key unique (`default` → `default_2`) and
+    // stamps a rename warning. The bundle key IS the registry key, so the
+    // scaffold has to follow it rather than keep pointing at the taken name.
+    const container = {
+      list: { label: 'All', type: 'grid', data, columns: ['title'] },
+      listViews: {
+        default: { label: 'Curated', type: 'grid', data, columns: ['title', 'status'] },
+      },
+    };
+
+    expect(runtimeListViewKeys('task', container).sort()).toEqual(['default', 'default_2']);
+    expect(extractorViewKeys('task', container).sort()).toEqual(['default', 'default_2']);
+  });
+
+  it('the container\'s default FORM contributes no `_views` key on either side of the comparison', () => {
+    // The extractor deliberately leaves form views out of `_views` (they have
+    // no counterpart in the `viewLabel` resolver convention), so there is no
+    // sibling `'list'`-style defaulting site to converge for the form face —
+    // the composer's `<object>.form` identity is simply not scaffolded.
+    const container = {
+      list: { label: 'All', type: 'grid', data, columns: ['title'] },
+      form: { label: 'Edit', type: 'simple', data, sections: [] },
+    };
+
+    expect(runtimeListViewKeys('task', container)).toEqual(['default']);
+    expect(extractorViewKeys('task', container)).toEqual(['default']);
+    expect(expandViewContainer('task', container).map((i) => i.name)).toContain('task.form');
+  });
+
+  it('a container with no default `list` at all scaffolds only its `listViews` keys', () => {
+    const container = {
+      objectName: 'task',
+      listViews: { open: { label: 'Open', type: 'grid', data, columns: ['title'] } },
+    };
+
+    expect(extractorViewKeys('task', container)).toEqual(['open']);
+  });
+});