diff --git a/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/cl_norm.zip b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/cl_norm.zip
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..623566367
Binary files /dev/null and b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/cl_norm.zip differ
diff --git a/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/README b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/README
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dcb5d9344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/README
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+These files are for reference only.
+They are the result of an experiment in using Rector normalisation to fix problems in CL arising from hand maintenance of polyheirarchy. They import just subsets of various ontologies. Those subsets (fma.owl; ro.owl) are all now out of date. Nevertheless - it may be useful to refer to the definition patterns used in future work on CL.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/catalog-v001.xml b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/catalog-v001.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc1798d9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/catalog-v001.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/cto_norm.owl b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/cto_norm.owl
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe80347f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/cto_norm.owl
@@ -0,0 +1,24968 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+]>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ belongs_to_line
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has_morphology
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has_nucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has_ploidy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ has_size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ potentiality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Animalia (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AnucleateCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Arthropoda (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary cell line cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ permanent cell line cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast neural crest derived
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor cell (sensu Animalia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early embryonic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cranial neural crest cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fusiform initial
+
+
+ xylem mother cel
+ xylem initia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trunk neural crest cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dentine secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ line stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germline stem cel
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ line stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ FBbt:00004936
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatogonium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ line stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ FBbt:00004873
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMA:18644
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+ FBbt:00004886
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oogonial cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ egg
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nurse cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle cell neural crest derived
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ not defined in CTO: A smooth muscle neural crest derived cell is a smooth muscle cell that is derived from the neural crest and present in the blood vessels of the face and forebrain
+ smooth muscle contraction
+ n/a
+ ?
+ ?
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CNS neuron (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ central nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron neural crest derived
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glioblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00005145
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast
+
+
+ FBbt:00005146
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroplacodal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apocrine cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ E.g. fat in breast milk earwax some sweat. No CTO def. Added by HP. This is not a leaf node is a kind-of container and if we use this we'll need to classify all secretory cells by their type paracrine apocrine etc. An apocrine cell is a type of secretory cell in which part of the cytoplasm is lost during secretion as secretions are budded off through the plasma membrane producing membrane bound vesicles. Example of an apocrine cell is a milk producing cell Definiton source: Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Wikipedia. epithelial cell ?
+ apocrine gland (not in FMA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single fate stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial fate stem cell
+ hepatic oval cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hematopoietic stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colony forming unit hematopoieti
+ HS
+ hematopoietic progenitor cel
+ hemopoietic stem cel
+ hemopoietic progenitor cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythroid progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colony forming unit erythroi
+ CFU-
+ BFU-
+ erythroid stem cel
+ burst forming unit erythroi
+ blast forming unit erythroi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ line cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocyte stem cel
+ colony forming unit macrophag
+ CFU-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature eosinophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ maturity to come from PATO
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ mesoderm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic myeloblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic granuloblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature basophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ maturity to come from PATO
+ none
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuronal stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi fate stem cell
+
+ multipotent stem cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ common myeloid progenitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colony forming unit granulocyte erythrocyte macrophage and megakaryocyt ISBN:0878932437
+ cfu-gem ISBN:0878932437
+ myeloid stem cel ISBN:0878932437
+ pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow ISBN:0878932437
+ multipotential myeloid stem cel ISBN:0878932437
+ CM ISBN:0878932437
+ CFU- ISBN:0878932437
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ME
+ colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyt
+ CFU-E
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ common lymphocyte progenitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early lymphocyte progenito
+ lymphoid stem cel
+ CL
+ EL
+ committed lymphopoietic stem cel
+ lymphopoietic stem cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ totipotent stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enamel secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bone matrix secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-terminally differentiated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ blast cel
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00005083
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ameloblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ odontoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cementoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ciliated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ependymal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ependymocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell
+
+ FBbt:00000124
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ciliated epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ duct epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branched duct epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood vessel endothelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angiogenesis_regulation of blood vessel size_blood clotting_inflammatory response
+ Intermediate cell
+ Not defined in CTO: A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell derived from the mesoderm and line the lumen of blood vessels forming an interface between the lumen and the blood vessel wall. These cells are involved in vasoconstriction and vasodilation blood clotting angiogenesis and inflammation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ mesodermal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-branched duct epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ barrier epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ squamous epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesothelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ Not defined in CTO:A mesothelial cell is a cell derived from the embryonic mesodermal layer found in a monolayer of specialised pavement-like cells that line the body's serous cavities and internal organs. The primary function of this layer termed the mesothelium is to provide a slippery non-adhesive and protective surface. However mesothelial cells play other pivotal roles involving transport of fluid and cells across the serosal cavities antigen presentation inflammation and tissue repair coagulation and fibrinolysis and tumour cell adhesion. Citation:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14592528. Mesothelium is implicated in the transport and movement of fluid and particulate matter across the serosal cavities leukocyte migration in response to inflammatory mediators synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins to aid in serosal repair and the release of factors to promote the disposition and clearance of fibrin (such as plasminogen). It is an antigen presenting cell. Furthermore the secretion of glycosaminoglycans and lubricants may protect the body against infection and tumor dissemination http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesothelium. FMA indicates that this is an epithelial cell - missing subsimption here too. Do they also produce lubricating fluid?
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ secretion by cell_epithelial fluid transport_ antigen presentation_ tissue regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peridermal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratified epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood cell
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell of lung
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell of pancreas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Pancreas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-lymphocyt
+ T-cel
+ T lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+ FBbt:00004861
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Kupffer cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoclast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroclas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron associated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature neutrophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ maturity to come from PATO
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mastocyt ISBN:0721601464
+ tissue basophi ISBN:068340007X
+ labrocyt ISBN:0721601464
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interneuron
+
+ FBbt:00005125
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motor neuron
+
+ motoneuro
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory neuron
+
+ FBbt:00005124
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polymodal neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bipolar neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multipolar neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudounipolar neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nervous system
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unipolar neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ not defined in CTO: A unipolar neuron is a neuron with a single neurite extending from the cell body
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autonomic neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ columnar neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononuclear phagocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ surface ectodermal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMA:72552
+ cell of surface ectoder
+ surface ectoderm cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vimentin filament (not in GO)
+ Not defined in CTO: From FMA Endothelial cell has always been classified as a kind of epithelial cell specifically a squamous cell but that is not true. First endothelial cell can either be squamous or cuboidal (e.g. high-endothelial cell) and secondly it has different embryological derivation (mesodermal) than a true epithelial cell (ectodermal and endodermal). The basis for present classification is the fact that it comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures (location-based) but a better structural basis for the differentia is the cytoskeleton of the cell. Endothelial cell has vimentin filaments while an epithelial cell has keratin filaments. Onard http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium. Functions from wikipedia include Vasoconstriction and vasodilation hence the control of blood pressure. Blood clotting (thrombosis & fibrinolysis). Atherosclerosis. Formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Inflammation and swelling (oedema)
+ mesodermal
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pioneer neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basket cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ no
+ stellate
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ brain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ no
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ granular layer of cerebellum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granule cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ brain
+ no
+ 10um
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stellate cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ These are cells with a specific shape rather than a subtype
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+ FBbt:00005144
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMA:54536
+ Intermediate cell
+ neuroglial cel
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ neurogli
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macroglial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astrocyte
+
+ FMA:54537
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligodendrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ large
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ HP: def: An oligodendrocyte is a macroglial cell from the vertebrate central nervous system that forms am insulating myelin sheath around axons
+ n/a
+ higher vertebrata
+ nerve ensheathment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microglial cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron associated cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gut endothelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ mesodermal
+ Not defined in CTO: A gut endothelial cell is a mesoderm derived endothelial cell which plays an important part in inflammation as well as in organ specific leucocyte traffic and may be functionally different from large vessel endothelium http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1382723. Synonym: intestinal microvascular endothelial cell. Notes: Alberts does not mention gut endothelial cells though there are references to specialized flattened endothelial cells in the liver which cover hepatocytes. A citation was found which references human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells HIMEC - http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1382723 defining on the basis of this citation. FMA also has a term - endothelial cell of Peyer's patch which may be what's intended here and has been added as the anatomy reference in the absence of anything else. Peyer's patch is an endothelial receptor for leucocytes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7693807?dopt=Abstract
+ Intermediate cell
+ Not defined in CTO. Has only one child term Schwann cell. Suggest remove this intermediate term.
+ immune response in Peyer's patch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurectodermal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurectoderm cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fat cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adipocyt
+ lipocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cementocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyalocyte
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guidepost cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ professional antigen presenting cell
+
+ AP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ simple columnar epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment cell
+
+ chromatophor
+ chromatocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visual pigment cell
+
+ pigment cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glandular epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretory cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exocrine cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ductal exocrine gland
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ This is not a leaf node. epithelial cell?
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GAG secreting cell
+
+ hyaluronic acid secreting cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ surfactant secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seromucus secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goblet cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ mucin. is-a epithelial cell is-a mucin secreting cell
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acid secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parietal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ n/a
+ CHEBI:17883 hydrochloric acid. A parietal cell is a cell that secretes hydrochloric acid e.g. in the human stomach. epithelial cell?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endocrine cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enteroendocrine cell
+
+ FMA:62930
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroendocrine cell
+
+ neurosecretory cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromaffin cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hormone secretion
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ NOTE SECRETORY CELL TYPE may have been defined. Synonym: Pheochromocyte Phaeochromocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pancreatic B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ FMA_83365. A pancreatic B cell is a secretory cell type found in the islets of Langerhans that secretes the hormone insulin which is involved in carbohydrate metabolism. pancreatic beta cell
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ no lineage in CTO
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucagon secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pancreatic A cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ glucagon not in FMA/CHEBI. A pancreatic cell is a secretory cell type found in the islets of Langerhans that secretes the hormone glucagon which is involved in carbohydrate metabolism. pancreatic alpha cell
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ no lineage in CTO
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatostatin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pancreatic D cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ FMA_83349. A pancreatic delta cell is a secretory cell type found in the islets of Langerhans that secretes the hormone somatostatin that regulates the endocrine system. pancreatic delta cell- PP cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luteal cell
+
+ lutein cel
+ FMA:18688
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ testosterone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progesterone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolising cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hepatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ binucleate cells are common
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ non vertebrates also have liver like things
+ n/a
+ incomplete
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+ New def: A contractile cell is a cell whose primary function is to shorten
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pericyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ angiogenesis blood vessel remodelling structural organization
+ Unique slender cells with multiple processes
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericyte. Synonym: Rouget cell
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoepithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ muscle contraction_ The expellation of gland contents is the process of moving substances secreted by an exocrine? gland such as milk or sweat by contraction of myopepithial cell. GO_0032941 ???
+ Not defined in CTO: A myoepithelial cell is a contractile cell usually found in glandular epithelium as a thin layer above the basement membrane but generally beneath the lumenal cells. These may be positive for alpha smooth muscle actin and can contract and expel the secretions of exocrine glands. They are found in the sweat gland mammary gland lacrimal gland and salivary gland. Myoepithelial cells in these cases constitute the basal cell layer of an epithelium that harbors the epithelial progenitor/stem cells. NOTE: differentiated from other muscle cells as they are adjacent to epithelia (Alberts 4th edition p1296). Myoepithelial cells form the dilator muscle of the iris and expel saliva sweat and milk from glands. Need to add 'pupil dilation process' to GO then link to this term. Need'Action mediated cell contraction' from GO process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myofibroblast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ not defined in CTO:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofibroblast
+ ?
+ n/a
+ ?
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ subepithelial in mucosal surfaces e.g. gut and genitourinary system
+ smooth muscle contraction wound healing smooth muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00005074
+ muscle contraction
+ FBbt:00005083
+ myocyt
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ New def: A muscle cell or myocyte is an electrically responsive contractile cell that forms one of three types of muscle smooth striated and cardiac muscle. Muscle cells are specialized for contraction by means of organized filament systems based on action and myosin (ref Alberts page 1296)
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Not defined in CTO: A skeletal muscle cell is a contractile cell forming skeletal muscles responsible for movements normally under voluntary control. Skeletal muscle cells are elongated very large and form syncitia containing many nuclei in a single cytoplasm.
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ striated muscle cel
+ skeletal muscle contraction
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slow muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ not defined in CTO:A slow muscle cell is a skeletal muscle cell present in slow oxidative slow twitch or
+ slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibre contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fast muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fast-twitch skeletal myofibre contraction
+ not defined in CTO:A fast muscle cell is a skeletal muscle cell present in fast twitch muscle.
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ New def: A smooth muscle cell is a contractile non-striated elongated spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract uterus and blood vessels. They develop from specialized smooth muscle myoblasts.
+ FMA:14072
+ non-striated muscle cel
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ smooth muscle contraction
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flight muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flight muscle in insects appear to be a special case
+ n/a
+ flight muscle (Birds and insecta)
+ blastoderm
+ flight behaviour muscle contraction
+ not defined in CTO. A flight muscle cell is a muscle cell specialized for flight and part of insect muscle that is able to produce very high beats per minute. NB There are two types of insect muscle - synch and asycnh. Share some properties with skeletal muscle cell
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pain receptor cell
+
+ nocicepto
+ nocirecepto
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mechanoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ touch receptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ not defined in CTO: A touch receptor cell is a mechano receptor cell which mediates the perception of pressure (touch)
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory receptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory hair cell
+
+ FMA:62364
+ cochlear hair cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acceleration receptive cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Not defined in CTO: An acceleration receptor cell (note the name change) is a receptor in the vestibular organ of the inner ear which senses acceleration in space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thermoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory receptor cell
+
+ olfactory sensory neuro
+ Schultze's cel
+ FMA:67860
+ olfactory receptor neuro
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pH receptor cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ taste receptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ not defined in the CTO: A taste receptor cell is a receptor cell which mediates the perception of taste these are bundled as taste buds
+ vertebrata
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor cell
+
+ FBbt:00004211
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electrically active cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ absorptive cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Not enough absrtaction in GO to handle the different types of absorption
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lining cell
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+ Current CTO definition doesn't suggest that this is a barrier cell lining cells are epithelial and therefore have other functions such as transport as well as prevention of transport. Barrier cell may therefore may not be a useful axis of classification. Note no GO term prevention of transport. Not clear whether a lining cell is in an epithelial cell sheet or is an epithelial cell in an epithelial cell sheet. If the latter is true there is a missing subsumption relationship with epithelial cell
+ boundary cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synovial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark nucleolus
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ barrier cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ barrier cell may not be a useful axis of classification
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Prevention of transport across compartments - is this a function of the cells or the structure itself unclear and probably contradictory with transport functions
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sertoli cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Seminiferous Tubules
+ FSH-receptor
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Schwann cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motile cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectodermal cell
+
+ ectoderm cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesodermal cell
+
+ mesoderm cel
+ mesoblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endodermal cell
+
+ endoderm cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anucleate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single nucleate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ binucleate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multinucleate cell
+
+ syncytial cel
+ syncytiu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ red blood cel
+ FMA:62845
+ RB
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Circulatory system
+ ??
+ ??
+ A non-nucleated disk-shaped cell formed by extrusion from megakaryocytes found in the blood of all mammals and mainly involved in providing the first line of defence against blood loss after wounding by adhering to and flattening onto the wound edge tissue obstructing blood loss prior to blood coagulation. The mammalian functional equivalent of the nucleated thrombocytes of non-mammalian vertebrates they are sometimes also referred to as thrombocytes. Thrombocyte. CL:0000763
+ Present in mammalia only. Equivalent of thromobytes in non-mammalian vertebrates
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histiocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B lymphocyt
+ B-cel
+ B-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratinizing barrier epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non keratinizing barrier epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prevent the transport of stuff across compartments.
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brush border epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratified squamous epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratified cuboidal epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Merkel cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perception of touch
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ 10 ÔøΩ 15 ÔøΩm
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transitional epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ passage cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ A passage cell is a cell in the exodermis or endodermis that remains thin walled when the associated cells develop thick secondary walls and allows the passage of water and mineral nutrients.
+ exodermis
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mauthner neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ central nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microsporocyte
+
+ pollen mother cel
+ primary sporogenous cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megaspore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microspore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Fungal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ egg cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eukaryotic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uric acid accumulating cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mycetozoan cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fiber tracheid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ water transport
+ n/a
+ PO:0005352
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ only
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aggregate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell that is part of an aggregate sensu Mycetozoa. Looks like an intermediate
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucilage cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ CTO definition is in terms of containing mucin/carbs and swelling in water not of secreting anything. Found in cacti they help retain water this is what makes okra slimy.
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guard mother cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa)
+
+ DDANAT:0000029
+ amoeb
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phloem initial
+
+
+ phloem mother cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior like cell
+
+ AL
+ DDANAT:0000019
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristemoid
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Plant (also in CTO as Animal cell via somatic stem cell)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prespore cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sieve element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prestalk cell
+
+ DDANAT:0000025
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subsidiary cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ An epidermal cell is a cell associated with a stoma and at least morphologically distinguishable from the epidermal cells composing the groundmass of the tissue.
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ stoma
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prestalk A cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cambial initial
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prestalk AB cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prestalk B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sclerenchyma cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ Mature sclerenchyma cell thicken and die - do we need a modifier for the mature version?. A sclerenchyma cell is a cell which varies in form and size forming more or less thick often lignified secondary walls. Belongs to the category of subcells and may or may not be devoid of protoplast at maturity.
+ n/a
+ ground tissue meristem
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prestalk I cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Population of Mycetozoan cell
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Plant cell
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prestalk 0 cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generative cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pstAB/ALC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ This is not a cell type?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pstO/ALC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ emcA and emcB expressing cell in Mycetozoa
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ companion cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Plant cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stalk cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyphal cell
+
+ Fungal
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synergid
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotactic amoeboid cell (sensu Mycetozoa)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ cell chemotaxis
+ only
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a - large size range
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylem fiber cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ xylem
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ A xylem fiber is a structural part of the xylem tissue. Two types are recognized in the secondary xylem: fiber tracheids and libriform fibers. fiber tracheid- libriform fiber
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore (sensu Mycetozoa)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guard cell
+
+ Plant
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ structural cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sieve cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sucrose transport
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ PO:0000289
+ gymnosperms and lower vascular plants only
+ n/a
+ ?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatotropin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vegetative cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conflicting definition between CTO and google. Is this a sexual cell or not?
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ socket cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylem element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A xylem element cell is part of the structure of xylem tissue which is mainly responsible for the transportation of water and mineral nutrients throughout the plant.
+ xylem
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamete
+
+ FBbt:00005412
+ haploid germ cel
+ haploid nucleated cel
+ FMA:18649
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ crystallin accumulating cell
+
+ cone cel
+ lens cel
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ FBbt:00004193
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tracheal epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Trachea
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metal ion accumulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratin accumulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratinocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serous secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ FMA_20932. no CTO definition child of sero-mucous secreting cell. Probably apocrine in nature.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ milk secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ no lineage in CTO
+ n/a
+ FMA_62100. A milk secreting cell is a secretory cell that produces milk during lactation. is an apocrine cell
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ray initial
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sebum secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sebaceaous gland
+ n/a
+ FMA_61304. epithelial cell?
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sweat secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ sweat
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ FMA_12275 is an eccrine cell
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucus secreting cell
+
+ mucous cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megasporocyte
+
+ archesporial cel
+ megaspore mother cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seminal fluid secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ FMA_62967 seminal fluid. no CTO definition. These are likely epithelial. A seminal fluid secreting cell is a type of secretory epithelial cell found in the seminal vesicles producing fluid part of sperm. Epithelial cell?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ ?
+ seminal vesicles
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysozyme secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metanephric mesenchyme stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Metanephron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stuff accumulating cell
+
+ No notion in Go of simple accumulating stuff although we can handle some of the more specific ones with GO. Also look at the accumulation of pigments lacking in GO
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular matrix secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelin accumulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxygen accumulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collenchymal cell
+
+ Plant cell
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tracheid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ water transport
+ PO:0005352
+ ?
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrichoblast
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural crest cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vegetative cell (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchyme condensation cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adrenal medulla cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MIGHT BE A SYNONYM OF CHROMAFIN CELL. HP: checked and it is but CHROMAFFIN cell is also present. Looks like an error in the ontology
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+ neuroblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+ neuroblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glioblast (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glioblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visual pigment cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-visual cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair papilla cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ Not defined in CTO. A hair papilla cell is a specialized mesenchymal cell present in dermal papilla located at the bottom of hair follicles. These cells play a roles in hair formation growth and cycling. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119133024/abstract
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ hair growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extraembryonic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amnioserosal cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trophoblast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epiblast cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blastoderm cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blastemal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair matrix stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratified epithelial stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphincter associated smooth muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vascular smooth muscle contraction
+ ?
+ n/a
+ not defined in CTO: A sphincter associated smooth muscle cell is a smooth muscle cell which is part of a sphincter - an anatomical structure which normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning
+ ?
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vascular associated smooth muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vascular smooth muscle contraction
+ ?
+ not defined in CTO:A vascualar associated smooth muscle cell is a smooth muscle cell located in blood vessels whose purpose is to regulate the lumenal diameter
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ ?
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morula cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gastrula cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal cell
+
+ FMA:62411
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylem
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ An axial cell is a secondary vascular cell that develops from the fusiform cambial initials and oriented with their longest diameter parallel with the main axis of stem or root. These cells make up the axial system also known as vertical or longitudinal system.
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ray cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ A ray cell is a cell that develops from the ray initial and composes all rays (panels of tissue variable in height and width formed by the ray initials in the vascular cambium and extending radially in the secondary xylem and secondary phloem) in the secondary vascular tissues.
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zygote
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm cell (sensu Viridiplantae)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sheath cell (sensu Nematoda)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myrosin cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single cell sarcomere
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ questionable are sarcomeres ever single cells? Are they not syncitia?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transfer cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transport
+ only
+ PO:0000078
+ map to anatomy is transfer cell - equivalence. Cells can be polyploid therefore are annotated as such may also be diploid etc
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tormogen cell
+
+ socket cel
+ FBbt:00005171
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histoblast
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichogen cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Exoskeleton
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoprogenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tracheoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ support cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory processing neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral nervous system
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thecogen cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scolopidium
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nephrogenic mesenchyme stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ligament cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prohemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+ FBbt:00005062
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tendon cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ podocyte (sensu Diptera)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ crystal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electrically responsive cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmatocyte
+
+ FBbt:00001685
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ procrystal cell
+
+ FBbt:00001689
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamellocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Required Drosophila biologist to check this entry. Large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes
+ ??
+ ??
+ none
+ Circulatory system
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gangion interneuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ganglion - nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polygonal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ??
+ Circulatory system
+ none
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ??
+ polygonal
+ ??
+ ??
+ Required Drosophila biologist to check this entry. A type of insect blood cell. CL:0000390
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phloem element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ not defined in CTO: not clear what this is phloem is a tissue not a cell. Need to check with a plant biologist.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pavement cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage (sensu Diptera)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Circulatory system
+ none
+ Required Drosophila biologist to check this entry. Phagocytic cell of the inate immune system. CL:0000394
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ??
+ ??
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CNS interneuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electrically signaling cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroepidermoblast
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CNS short range interneuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scolopidial ligament cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male gamete
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scolopidial sheath cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CNS long range interneuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ central nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypodermal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ standard epithelial stuff
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyploid cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ haploid cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endopolyploid cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arcade cell
+
+ ???
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seam cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ syncytial epithelial cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coelomocyte
+
+ Copy definition of phagocyte
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitogenic signaling cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tip cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ excretory cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ ?
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ no CTO definition this is not a leaf node. An excretory cell is a cell which eliminates waste materials from the body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pore cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle. note worm not plant
+ note only described as present in C.elegans
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scaffold cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Not annotated. Al cells will undergo apoptosis. Scaffold call and apoptosis are not defined in CTO. Also apoptosis fated cell CTO is top hit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GLR cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ yolk cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthophore
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iridophore
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reticular cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ functional megaspore
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eccrine cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eccrine gland (not in FMA) skin
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ FMA_12275 portion of sweat. Seem only to occur in the sweat glands of skin not note all sweat glands are eccrine some are apocrine. merocrine cell epithelial cell?
+ ?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkali secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkali - not clear as what kind of alkali. An alkali secreting cell is a cell which produces alkali (any of a class of bases that that neutralize acids and themselves are neutralized by bases) e.g. into the human stomach to regulate pH there. probably a surface epithelial cell
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vaginal lubricant secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ FMA_9675. no CTO definition. Wikipedia suggests that there is some missing hierarchy and that this is an epithelial cell type with 'Exocrine secretory epithelial cells' A vaginal lubricant secreting cell is a secretory cell which produces lubricating mucous often during arousal. Bartholin's gland cell. epithelial cell?
+ Bartholin's gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicle stimulating hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luteinizing hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prolactin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicle stem cell
+
+ FBbt:00004903
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular dendritic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ obliquely striated muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ muscle contraction
+ n/a
+ not defined in CTO: An obliquely striated muscle cell is a striated muscle cell in which the filaments are staggered producing oblique bands. These are found in annelids nematodes and molluscs.
+ ?
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ not an exhaustive list
+ ?
+ n/a
+ ?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptosis fated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbohydrate secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ FMA_82737. no CTO definition. A carbohydrate secreting cell is a cell that secretes carbohydrate. E.g. the uterine endometrial cells of mammals.
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ ?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ white fat cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brown fat cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendritic cell
+
+ veiled cel
+ interdigitating cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Langerhans cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epinephrin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ starch sheath cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biogenic amine secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ norepinephrin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adepithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Not defined in CTO:Insect Adult muscle precursor cell found attached to the surface of imaginal discs. Def xref http://obofoundry.org/obo/FBbt:00003219
+ FBbt:00003218- FBbt:00001761
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal cell (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00004994
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardioblast (sensu Arthropoda)
+
+
+ FBbt:00001666
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroglioblast
+
+
+ FBbt:00005147
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ganglion mother cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system
+ Form new Ganglion Cells
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorenchyma cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Plant cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defensive cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pericardial cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ degenerate megaspore
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00004904
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ connective tissue type mast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+ none
+ Connective tissue
+ mesoderm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucosal type mast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ garland cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Binucleate look at phagocyte definition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oenocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0007411- GO:0032940
+ large
+ Function includes paracrine secretion of semaphorin used in axon growth cone guidance. Added Go term for axon growth cone guidance needs another for paracrine secretion in GO SF tracker as an open request. Now annotated to secretion by cell.
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ revised definition: Oenocytes are large epithelial secretory cells which secrete semaphorin during development may secrete other hormones and which are found in clusters underlying the epidermis of the abdominal segments of larval abdominal segments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visible light photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scotopic photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ retina of the eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photopic photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper cell
+
+ helper T-lymphocyt
+ FMA:70572
+ helper T-cel
+ helper T cel
+ helper T lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UV sensitive photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blue sensitive photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retina of the eye
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ green sensitive photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ retina of the eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ red sensitive photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ retina of the eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibitory interneuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stromal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulosa cell
+
+ FMA:18718
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D cell
+
+ type D enteroendocrine cel
+ FMA:62935
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ theca cell
+
+ FMA:18690
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterochromaffin cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ no lineage in CTO
+ n/a
+ FMA_67245 - FMA_61806 - Uniprot: P10645 Chromogranin A- panreastatin. Serotonin is not mentioned in the definition but is in the wikipedia entry. Needs checking. Histamine looks OK
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substance P secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enkephalin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endorphin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ no lineage in CTO
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ FMA_83366
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gastrin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Paneth cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ androgen binding protein secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paracrine cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ agonist. No CTO def. Added by HP. This is not a leaf node is a kind-of container and if we use this we'll need to classify all secretory cells by their type paracrine apocrine etc. A paracrine cell is a secretory regulatory cell that secretes an agonist into intercellular spaces in which it diffuses to a target cell other than that which produced it. E.g. white blood cells signal in this way. Definition Source. Oxford Dictionary pf Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
+ n/a
+ ?
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ paracrine gland (not in FMA)
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle myoblast
+
+
+ cardioblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle myoblast
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle myoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perineuronal satellite cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0008366-
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ oligodendroglia
+ higher vertebrata
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ nerve ensheathment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ foam cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Specialised macrophage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocyte (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prokaryotic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononuclear cytotrophoblast cell
+
+ Mononuclear
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spheroplast
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ syncytiotrophoblast cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ afferent neuron
+
+ input neuro
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ efferent neuron
+
+ output neuro
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigmented epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ not defined in CTO: A pigmented epithelial cell is a pigment accumulating cell within an epithelium. Missing subsumption is a pigment cell. Also skin pigmented epithelial cells are missing
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary sensory neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary motor neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary interneuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ central nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antipodal cell
+
+ Plant cell
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal initial
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00005106
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+ FBbt:00005146
+ nerve cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sieve tube member
+
+ CTO def: One of the series of cellular components of a sieve tube. It shows a more or less pronounced differentiation between sieve plates (wide pores) and lateral sieve areas (narrow pores). Also sieve tube element and the obsolete sieve tube segment. BY definition not a cell type check with a plant biologist
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slowly adapting mechanoreceptor cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper 1 cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ none
+ T lymphocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper 2 cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ T lymphocyte
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ mesoderm
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proerythroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pronormoblas
+ rubriblas ISBN:0721601464
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ animal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophilic erythroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prorubricyt ISBN:0721601464
+ early erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+ early normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+ basophilic normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polychromatophilic erythroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+ intermediate erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+ polychromatic erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+ polychromatophilic normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+ rubricyt ISBN:0721601464
+ polychromatic normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unimodal nocireceptor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ not defined in CTO: A unimodel nocireceptor is a pain receptor cell which responds to a single type of stimulus which can be chemical thermal or mechanical
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ orthochromatic erythroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophilic erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+ orthochromatic normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+ acidophilic erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+ pyknotic erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megakaryocyte progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megacaryoblas
+ megakaryoblas
+ promegacaryocyt
+ megacaryocyte progenitor cel
+ FMA:84235
+ promegakaryocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brush cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megakaryocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megalocaryocyt
+ megacaryocyt
+ megalokaryocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CFU-C Colony forming unit in cultur http://www.copewithcytokines.de
+ GM ISBN:0721601464 PMID:15684376 PMID:15867096
+ CFU-G ISBN:0721601464 PMID:15684376 PMID:15867096
+ granulocyte-macrophage progenito ISBN:0721601464 PMID:15684376 PMID:15867096
+ colony forming unit granulocyte macrophag ISBN:0721601464 PMID:15684376 PMID:15867096
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reticulocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ promonocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ band form neutrophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stab cel
+ rod neutrophi
+ ban
+ band for
+ band cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amacrine cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectoderm
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ no
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleate erythrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endospore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ prokaryotic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic promyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic premyelocyt
+ neutrophilic progranulocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fat body cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ depends on dev stage
+ n/a
+ FBbt:00005066
+ n/a
+ incomplete
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angioblastic mesenchymal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angioblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polymodal nocireceptor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ peripheral nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apud cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac mesenchymal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Not defined in CTO. A cardiac mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell involved in heart development. NOTE UNSURE ABOUT THIS ONE CONFIRM WITH JB
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ heart morphogeneis
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parafollicular cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ Not defined in CTO. A parafollicular cell is a secretory cell present in the thyroid gland which produces and secrete calcitonin. NOTE THINK THIS IS ALSO A SECRETORY CELL - SECRETES CALCITONIN therefore is-a CL:0000443 calcitonin secreting cell. Missing in reln in CTO?
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ peptide hormone secretion
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucophore
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal cone cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retina of the eye
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythrophore
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corneal epithelial cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterochromaffin like cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMA_61806
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ no lineage in CTO
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ border follicle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Follicle
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic myelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peritoneal macrophage
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic metamyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ juvenile neutrophi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alveolar macrophage
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intestine
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cold sensing thermoreceptor cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ odontoclast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner hair cell
+
+ Compare both auditory hair cell against hair cell. CL:0000855 and CL:0000202. What is the difference?
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ warmth sensing thermoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ not defined in CTO. A warmth detecting thermoreceptor cell is a thermo receptor cell which mediates the sense of temperature and is specialized to mediate warm temperatures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ androgen secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle satellite cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enucleate erythrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sexual spore
+
+ meiotically-derived spor
+ FAO:0000017
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microconidium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyramidal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ no
+ hippocampus cerebral cortex
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conidium
+
+ FAO:0000024
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterokaryon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer hair cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pressoreceptor cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dikaryon
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Fungal. Haploid and binucleate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal rod cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retina of the eye
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asexual spore
+
+ FAO:0000023
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macroconidium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fungal
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zygospore
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibular hair cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophil progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CFU-E
+ eosinophil stem cel
+ colony forming unit eosinophi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophilic myelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CFU-Ba
+ basophilic stem cel
+ colony forming unit basophi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophilic myelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basidiospore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporangiospore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sheath cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ support cell (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+ FBbt:00005144
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zoospore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fusion competent myoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NK cel
+ null cel
+ large granular lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta T lymphocyt
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta T-lymphocyt
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta T-cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta T lymphocyt
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta T-lymphocyt
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta T-cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transporting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ storage cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ supportive cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ labyrinth supporting cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ito cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMAID: collagen . An ito cell is a pericyte cell found in the small area between the sinusoids and hepatocytes of the liver it secretes collagen contributing to fibrosis of the liver hepatic stellate cells lipocytes or fat-storing cells (wikipedia)
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ mesodermal
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ globular contain lipid droplets
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hensen cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Claudius cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ not defined in CTO:A claudius cell is a epithelial low cuboidal cell covering the outermost part of the basilar membrane of the organ of Corti. http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/claudius
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Deiter's cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diploid
+ support cell for organ of corti hair cell - involved in hearing - needs adding
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Organ of Corti
+ if this cell is essential for hearing then can be annotated to the go process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Muller cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ Not defined in CTO: A Muller cell is an astrocytic glial cell found in the vertebrate retina with glial cell functions (support and nutrition maintain homeostasis form myelin and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system). After injury to the retina they can de-differentiate into multipotent progenitor cells. Synonym: Radial retinal glial cell (FMA)
+ cell dedifferentiation
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromophil cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acidophil cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha cel
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil cell of anterior lobe of hypophysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ beta cel
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromophobe cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ Intermediate cell
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ folliculostellate cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tanycyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ Not defined in CTO: A tanycyte is an astrocytic ependymal cell found principally in the walls of the third ventricle of the brain may have branched or unbranched processes some of which end on capillaries or neurons. Function is unknown it has been suggested that as they make connections with capillaries they may be involved in uptake and/or delivery mechanisms between the cerebrospinal fluid hypothalamic cells and blood vessels
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bergmann glial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ Not defined in CTO: A Bergmann glial cell is an astrocyte located in the cerebellum that has cell bodies located in the Purkinje layer and and processes that extend into the molecular layer terminating with bulbous endfeet at the pial surface. Bergmann glia express high densities of glutamate transporters that limit diffusion of the neurotransmitter glutamate during its release from synaptic terminals. Besides their role in early development of the cerebellum Bergmann glia are also required for the pruning or addition of synapses. Synonym:radial epithelial cell Golgi epithelial cells. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocyte#Bergmann_glia
+ cerebellum development synapse organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pituicyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Not defined in the CTO: A pituicyte is a glial cell of the posterior pituitary with long branching processes. May secrete vasopressin according to one source unclear if correct.Term Name
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Epidermis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multinucleated giant cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ juxtaglomerular cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ smooth muscle contraction regulation of blood vessel size by renin-angiotensin secretion of renin into the bloodstream
+ ?
+ ?
+ not defined in CTO: A juxtaglomerular cell (also known as granular cells) are cells that synthesize store and secrete the enzyme renin. They are specialized smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole that delivers blood to the glomerulus. Missing subsumption relationship - secretory cell - secretes renin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtaglomerular_cell. Renin - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renin
+ ?
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prickle cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesangial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Kidney Blood vessels
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neck cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ mucin. no CTO definition. A mucous neck cell is one of the acidic mucin-secreting cells located the neck of a gastric gland. mucin secreting cell
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ podocyte
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary oocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary oocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary spermatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Male Reproductive System
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary spermatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Male Reproductive System
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eggshell secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ eggshell/chorion. is taxon dependent. An eggshell secreting cell is a secretory cell type that produces components of the exterior covering of an egg. chorion secreting cell?
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ incomplete list no definition in CTO to indicate types of eggs intended
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ distal tip cell (sensu Nematoda)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroglioblast (sensu Nematoda)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ valve cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ closable valve cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ not defined in CTO. No idea what this is poss C. elegans specific. Ask JB.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ permanently open valve cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fenestrated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Fenestration is possibly something that can apply to many cells. Google relation to kidney cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parenchymal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adventitial cell
+
+ HP:some sources suggest this is a synonym for pericyte. Check with JB.
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primordial germ cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centripetally migrating follicle cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tracheary element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Kenyon cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interfollicle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female gamete
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cap cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gut absorptive cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PATO term is villiform - or a new term having many villiform projections 'fringed' in needed. And this is an epithelial cell
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ commisural neuron
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle precursor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial glial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ CNS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ M cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ??
+ none
+ Foreign antigen. An absorptive cell of the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue of the mammalian small intestine epithelium located in the epithelium of the Peyer's patch that endocytoses microorganisms and intact macromolecules from the gut lumen and transports them by transcytosis to its basolateral surface where they are presented to antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes located in unique pocket-like structure on that surface. Microfold cell. Morphology: microfold (different from villi not in PATO). CL:0000066 - CL:0000473 - CL:0000627
+ ??
+ antigen sampling by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue- transcytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ littoral cell of liver
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristematic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebrospinal fluid secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R1 photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?? Variable
+ ommatidia (compound eye)
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ eye imaginal disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perijunctional fibroblast
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R2 photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ?? Variable
+ eye imaginal disc
+ ommatidia (compound eye)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stellate interneuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terminal Schwann cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroglioform cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ no
+ branched
+ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3235828
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R3 photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?? Variable
+ ommatidia (compound eye)
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ eye imaginal disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cajal-Retzius cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pp cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R4 photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye imaginal disc
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ommatidia (compound eye)
+ ?? Variable
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paraganglial type 1 cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paraganglia type 2 cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R5 photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ eye imaginal disc
+ ?? Variable
+ ommatidia (compound eye)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sustentacular cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial tip cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Blood Vessel
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R6 photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ommatidia (compound eye)
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ?? Variable
+ eye imaginal disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ choroid plexus epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ not well annotated is also a cerebrospinal fluid secreting cell - missing subsumption. New definition: a choroid plexus epithelial cell is a secreting cell which secretes cerebrospinal fluid and is involved in organic anion transport functions (citation http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/76504946/abstract)
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ organic anion transport ion transport
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R7 photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ eye imaginal disc
+ ommatidia (compound eye)
+ ?? Variable
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leptomemingeal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ extracellular matrix. possible typo in term name leptomeningeal
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R8 photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ?? Variable
+ ommatidia (compound eye)
+ eye imaginal disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroepithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cumulus cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratum granulosum cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cerebrum
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic crystal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Circulatory system
+ ??
+ Melanin (?). Required Drosophila biologist to check this entry. Crystal cells are a class of immune cell of insects and other protostomescells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph. CL:0000392
+ ??
+ none
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ??
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph gland crystal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+ Lymph gland
+ ??
+ ??
+ Melanin (?). Required Drosophila biologist to check this entry. Crystal cells are a class of immune cell of insects and other protostomescells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph. CL:0000735
+ ??
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cone cell (sensu Endoptyeygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior cone cell (sensu Endoptyeygota)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior cone cell (sensu Endoptyeygota)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ equatorial cone cell (sensu Endoptyeygota)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cystoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterocyst
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Prokaryote
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrogen fixing cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlamydospore
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Fungal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary pigment cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary pigment cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tertiary pigment cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leading edge cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Defined only by position? potentially lose
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urothelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Unirary System
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amoeboid cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph gland plasmatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ Required Drosophila biologist to check this entry. An embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte that has differentiated into a phagocytic blood cell. CL:0000735
+ ??
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ??
+ none
+ Lymph gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic gland plasmatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Circulatory system
+ ??
+ Required Drosophila biologist to check this entry. An embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte that has differentiated into a phagocytic blood cell. CL:0000736
+ ??
+ ??
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph gland hemocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic gland hemocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucocyt
+ white blood cel
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+ immune cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal ganglion cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retina of the eye
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ periarticular chondrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ FMAID: collagen
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ periarticular - not in PATO
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypertrophic chondrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMAID: collagen
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ columnar chondrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ cartilage
+ n/a
+ mesodermal
+ FMA_63891. CTO text definition is in terms of where found developmental process not where found but is a collagen secreting cell there are others
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ horizontal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ no
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ cardiac myocyt
+ FMA:14067
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ cardiomyocyt
+ Not defined in CTO: A cardiac muscle cell is a striated muscle cell with many mitochondria found in the walls of the heart. Cardiac muscle differ from striated muscle in the following aspects: they are shorter the striations are not so obvious the sarcolemma is thinner and not clearly discernible there is only one nucleus present in the centre of each cardiac fibre and adjacent fibres branch but are linked to each other by so-called muscle bridges. ref http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/SCI_Ed/grade10/mammal/muscle.htm#heart en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_muscle
+ cardiac muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanophore
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal bipolar neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ON-bipolar cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ OFF-bipolar cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rod bipolar cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ retina of the eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cone retinal bipolar cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type 1 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type 2 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type 3 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type 4 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type 5 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type 6 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type 7 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type 8 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type 9 cone bipolar cell (sensu Mus)
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thrombocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ??
+ Circulatory system
+ A nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals (where platelets are found instead) involved in hemostasis. CL:0000763
+ ovoid
+ Present in all vertebrata EXCEPT mammalia
+ none
+ ??
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythroid lineage cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythroblast
+
+ normoblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid leukocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil
+
+ basophilic leukocyt
+ basophilic leucocyt
+ polymorphonuclear leucocyt
+ polymorphonuclear leukocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature basophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature basophilic leucocyt
+ immature basophilic leukocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophilic metamyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ band form basophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophil
+
+ eosinophilic leucocyt
+ eosinophilic leukocyt
+ polymorphonuclear leukocyt
+ polymorphonuclear leucocyt
+ eosinocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature eosinophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature eosinocyt
+ immature eosinophilic leukocyt
+ immature eosinophilic leucocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophilic metamyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ band form eosinophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil
+
+ polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyt
+ neutrophilic leucocyt
+ pol
+ neutrocyt
+ neutrophilic leukocyt
+ polymorphonuclear leukocyt
+ polymorphonuclear neutrophi
+ PM
+ polymorphonuclear leucocyt
+ neutrophil leucocyt
+ polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyt
+ neutrophil leukocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature neutrophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature neutrophil leukocyt
+ immatuer neutrophilic leukocyt
+ immature neutrophil leucocyt
+ immature neutrocyt
+ immature neutrophilic leucocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesangial phagocyte
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononuclear osteoclast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multinuclear osteoclast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multinucleated osteoclas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multinuclear odontoclast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononuclear odontoclast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid dendritic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interdigitating cel
+ veiled cel
+ DC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multinucleated phagocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmacytoid dendritic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ mesoderm
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature B-lymphocyt
+ mature B-cel
+ mature B lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ large (wrt lymphocyte)
+ immunoglobulin secretion during immune reponse
+ n/a
+ Immunoglobulin. A terminally differentiated post-mitotic short-lived lymphocyte cell of the B cell lineage developed from a virgin B cell after antigen stimulation devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum a well-developed Golgi apparatus and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern. Mature stimulated B lymphocyte. CL:0000542
+ synonym:plasmacyte- citation:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cell. Antibodies or immunoglobulin
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ??
+ Circulatory system
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ memory B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Circulatory system
+ B lymphocyte
+ mesoderm
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ naive B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm
+ B lymphocyte
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T cell
+
+ alpha-beta T-cel
+ alpha-beta T lymphocyt
+ alpha-beta T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature alpha-beta T cell
+
+ immature alpha-beta T lymphocyt
+ immature alpha-beta T-cel
+ immature alpha-beta T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature alpha-beta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature alpha-beta T lymphocyt
+ mature alpha-beta T-cel
+ mature alpha-beta T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive CD25-positive alpha-beta regulatory T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T lymphocyte
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ CD4 CD25 TCR? TCR?
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelia
+ none
+ T lymphocyte
+ CD4 TCR? TCR?
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+ mesoderm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ CD8 TCR? TCR?
+ mesoderm
+ T lymphocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta regulatory T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8 TCR? TCR?
+ T lymphocyte
+ none
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8 positive alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ CD8 TCR? TCR?
+ Epithelia
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+ T lymphocyte
+ mesoderm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell
+
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyt
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyt
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cel
+ intraepithelial lymphocyt
+ IE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T-lymphocyt
+ gamma-delta T-cel
+ gamma-delta T lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature gamma-delta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature gamma-delta T-lymphocyt
+ immature gamma-delta T lymphocyt
+ immature gamma-delta T-cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature gamma-delta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature gamma-delta T lymphocyt
+ mature gamma-delta T-cel
+ mature gamma-delta T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell
+
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cel
+ intraepithelial lymphocyt
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyt
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyt
+ IE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelia
+ T lymphocyte
+ none
+ CD8 TCR? TCR?
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ mesoderm
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ T lymphocyte
+ Epithelia
+ CD4 TCR? TCR?
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature T-cel
+ immature T lymphocyt
+ immature T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature single positive T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature single positive T-lymphocyt
+ immature single positive T-cel
+ IS
+ immature single positive T lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN2 immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN2 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ DN2 alpha-beta immature T-cel
+ TN2 thymocyt
+ TN2 cel
+ DN2 thymocyt
+ thymocyt
+ DN2 cel
+ DN2 alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN3 immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN3 alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyt
+ DN3 thymocyt
+ DN3 cel
+ DN3 alpha-beta immature T-cel
+ DN3 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ TN3 thymocyt
+ thymocyt
+ TN3 cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN4 alpha-beta immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN4 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ DN4 cel
+ DN4 thymocyt
+ thymocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double-positive alpha-beta immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DP thymocyt
+ double-positive alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ DP cel
+ thymocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyt
+ SP CD4 cel
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta immature T-cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ mesoderm
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta immature T-cel
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ n/a
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyt
+ Any additional comment about this term
+ SP CD8 cel
+ circulatory system
+ only
+ <10.0
+ CD marker CD-8
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature T lymphocyt
+ mature T-lymphocyt
+ mature T-cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ memory T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ T lymphocyte
+ mesoderm
+ Circulatory system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NK T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cytokines. A mature form of a natural killer cell an alpha-beta T cell of a distinct lineage bearing natural killer markers and a T cell receptor specific for a limited set of ligands. NK T cells have activation and regulatory roles particularly early in an immune response.a lymphocyte of the inate immune system that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline-encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. CL:0000824 - CL:0000623
+ none
+ none
+ Circulatory system
+ ??
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulatory T cell
+
+ regulatory T-cel
+ regulatory T lymphocyt
+ suppressor T-lymphocyt
+ suppressor T-cel
+ regulatory T-lymphocyt
+ suppressor T lymphocyt
+ suppressor T cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature B-cel
+ immature B-lymphocyt
+ immature B lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-B lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transitional stage B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transitional stage B-lymphocyt
+ transitional stage B-cel
+ T1 B cel
+ transitional stage B lymphocyt
+ T2 B cel
+ T3 B cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1 B cell
+
+ B-1 B-cel
+ B-1 B lymphocyt
+ B-1 B-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1a B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ Makes poly-reactive natural IgM. B lymphocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1b B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ mesoderm
+ Involved in T-dependent adaptive immunity. B lymphocyte .
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-2 B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Peritoneal B cells secreting IgA. B lymphocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature natural killer cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ p-N PMID:12457618
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature natural killer cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell innate immunity
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ ??
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell progenitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ null cel PMID:11532393
+ preNK cel PMID:11532393
+ NK PMID:12457618 PMID:15032583 PMID:15766674
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pro-B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pro-B lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pro-T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TN1 cel
+ DN1 cel
+ DN1 thymocyt
+ pro-T lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thromboblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophilic myeloblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophilic promyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell progenitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colony forming unit mast cel
+ CFU-Mast
+ CFU-M
+ MC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophilic myeloblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophilic promyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil stem cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ promyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hematopoietic progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemopoietic progenitor cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphoid progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature myeloid dendritic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature myeloid dendritic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturity to come from PATO
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononuclear cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ B lymphocyte
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germinal center B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B lymphocyte
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ marginal zone B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antimicrobial immune response
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ CD23-- CD21+
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal-zone_B_cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ciliated olfactory receptor neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ olfactory epithelium - nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microvillous olfactory receptor neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory epithelium - nervous system
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ crypt olfactory receptor neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ olfactory epithelium - nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonergic neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ nervous system
+ As far as I can tell these are neurons playing a role rather than a specific subtype.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromast mantle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ secretes cupula - the gelatinous covering of a neuromast organ
+ n/a
+ neuromast
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromast support cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory epithelial support cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interneuromast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromast hair cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slow muscle myoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fast muscle myoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cementum secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ FMA_55630 cement secreting cell
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visual pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+ FBbt:00004230
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stretch receptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratified keratinized epithelial stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelium
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ Barrier or defence of inner epithelial cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratified non keratinized epithelial stem cell
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pillar cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trophectodermal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal pigment epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/merged/all_leaf_cells.txt
+ not in CTO new term child of pigmented epithelial cell which could be deleted.. A retinal pigmented epithelial cell is a pigmented epithelial cell found in a layer just outside the neurosensory retina which nourishes retinal visual cells and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Columnar
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ColumnarCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CuboidCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CylindricalCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DiploidCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Diptera (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DiscoidCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Endoptyeygota (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fenestrated
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fungi (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prevention of transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Germline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ HaploidCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Insecta (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Large
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ LargeCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Line
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Medium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MediumCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Modifier
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MononucleateCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MultinucleateCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MultipotentCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mus (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mycetozoa (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Nematoda (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Nematoda_and_Protostomia (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NonTerminallyDifferentiated
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ OligopotentCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PluripotentCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RoundCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Small
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SmallCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Somatic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SomaticCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SphericalCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ StarShaped
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TerminallyDifferentiated
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TerminallyDifferentiatedCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+ Intermediate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TotipotentCell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intermediate cell
+ intermediate_tab/merged/all_intermediate_merged.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Vertebrata (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Viridiplantae (CL)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
+
+
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+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/cto_norm_changes.owl b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/cto_norm_changes.owl
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da882f5c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/cto_norm_changes.owl
@@ -0,0 +1,19441 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+]>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast neural crest derived
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor cell (sensu Animalia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early embryonic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cranial neural crest cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fusiform initial
+
+
+ xylem mother cel
+ xylem initia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trunk neural crest cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dentine secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ line stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germline stem cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ line stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00004936
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatogonium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ line stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00004873
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMA:18644
+ FBbt:00004886
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ egg
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nurse cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle cell neural crest derived
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ not defined in CTO: A smooth muscle neural crest derived cell is a smooth muscle cell that is derived from the neural crest and present in the blood vessels of the face and forebrain
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+ smooth muscle contraction
+ n/a
+ ?
+ n/a
+ ?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron neural crest derived
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glioblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00005145
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast
+
+
+ FBbt:00005146
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroplacodal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apocrine cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ E.g. fat in breast milk earwax some sweat
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ apocrine gland (not in FMA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single fate stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial fate stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hematopoietic stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colony forming unit hematopoieti
+ HS
+ hematopoietic progenitor cel
+ hemopoietic stem cel
+ hemopoietic progenitor cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythroid progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colony forming unit erythroi
+ CFU-
+ BFU-
+ erythroid stem cel
+ burst forming unit erythroi
+ blast forming unit erythroi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ line cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocyte stem cel
+ colony forming unit macrophag
+ CFU-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature eosinophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+ none
+ mesoderm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic myeloblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic granuloblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature basophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuronal stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi fate stem cell
+
+ multipotent stem cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ common myeloid progenitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colony forming unit granulocyte erythrocyte macrophage and megakaryocyt ISBN:0878932437
+ cfu-gem ISBN:0878932437
+ myeloid stem cel ISBN:0878932437
+ pluripotent stem cell (bone marrow ISBN:0878932437
+ multipotential myeloid stem cel ISBN:0878932437
+ CM ISBN:0878932437
+ CFU- ISBN:0878932437
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ME
+ colony forming unit erythroid megakaryocyt
+ CFU-E
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ common lymphocyte progenitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early lymphocyte progenito
+ lymphoid stem cel
+ CL
+ EL
+ committed lymphopoietic stem cel
+ lymphopoietic stem cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ totipotent stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enamel secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bone matrix secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-terminally differentiated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blast cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00005083
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ameloblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ odontoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cementoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ciliated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ependymal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ependymocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell
+
+ FBbt:00000124
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ciliated epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ duct epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branched duct epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood vessel endothelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angiogenesis_regulation of blood vessel size_blood clotting_inflammatory response
+ Not defined in CTO: A blood vessel endothelial cell is an endothelial cell derived from the mesoderm and line the lumen of blood vessels forming an interface between the lumen and the blood vessel wall. These cells are involved in vasoconstriction and vasodilation blood clotting angiogenesis and inflammation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium
+ intermediate_tab/barrier_cell_intermediate_nodes.csv.txt
+ mesodermal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ barrier epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part2.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ squamous epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesothelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/barrier_cell_intermediate_nodes.csv.txt
+ Not defined in CTO:A mesothelial cell is a cell derived from the embryonic mesodermal layer found in a monolayer of specialised pavement-like cells that line the body's serous cavities and internal organs. The primary function of this layer termed the mesothelium is to provide a slippery non-adhesive and protective surface. However mesothelial cells play other pivotal roles involving transport of fluid and cells across the serosal cavities antigen presentation inflammation and tissue repair coagulation and fibrinolysis and tumour cell adhesion. Citation:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14592528. Mesothelium is implicated in the transport and movement of fluid and particulate matter across the serosal cavities leukocyte migration in response to inflammatory mediators synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins to aid in serosal repair and the release of factors to promote the disposition and clearance of fibrin (such as plasminogen). It is an antigen presenting cell. Furthermore the secretion of glycosaminoglycans and lubricants may protect the body against infection and tumor dissemination http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesothelium. FMA indicates that this is an epithelial cell - missing subsimption here too. Do they also produce lubricating fluid?
+ secretion by cell_epithelial fluid transport_ antigen presentation_ tissue regeneration
+ GO_0032940_ GO_004204_GO_0019882_GO_0042246
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peridermal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ Epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratified epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ added axiom participates_in some 'circulatory system process'
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell of lung
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell of pancreas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ Pancreas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-lymphocyt
+ T-cel
+ T lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+ FBbt:00004861
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ line stem cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Kupffer cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoclast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroclas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron associated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mastocyt ISBN:0721601464
+ tissue basophi ISBN:068340007X
+ labrocyt ISBN:0721601464
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interneuron
+
+ FBbt:00005125
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motor neuron
+
+ motoneuro
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory neuron
+
+ FBbt:00005124
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bipolar neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autonomic neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononuclear phagocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ surface ectodermal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMA:72552
+ cell of surface ectoder
+ surface ectoderm cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vimentin filament (not in GO)
+ Not defined in CTO: From FMA Endothelial cell has always been classified as a kind of epithelial cell specifically a squamous cell but that is not true. First endothelial cell can either be squamous or cuboidal (e.g. high-endothelial cell) and secondly it has different embryological derivation (mesodermal) than a true epithelial cell (ectodermal and endodermal). The basis for present classification is the fact that it comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures (location-based) but a better structural basis for the differentia is the cytoskeleton of the cell. Endothelial cell has vimentin filaments while an epithelial cell has keratin filaments. Onard http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelium. Functions from wikipedia include Vasoconstriction and vasodilation hence the control of blood pressure. Blood clotting (thrombosis & fibrinolysis). Atherosclerosis. Formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Inflammation and swelling (oedema)
+ intermediate_tab/barrier_cell_intermediate_nodes.csv.txt
+ removed FMA synonym for endothelian cell
+ mesodermal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CNS neuron (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+ FBbt:00005144
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMA:54536
+ neuroglial cel
+ neurogli
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macroglial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astrocyte
+
+ FMA:54537
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligodendrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ large
+ HP: def: An oligodendrocyte is a macroglial cell from the vertebrate central nervous system that forms am insulating myelin sheath around axons
+ n/a
+ higher vertebrata
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ nerve ensheathment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron associated cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gut endothelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/barrier_cell_intermediate_nodes.csv.txt
+ mesodermal
+ Not defined in CTO. Has only one child term Schwann cell. Suggest remove this intermediate term.
+ immune response in Peyer's patch
+ Not defined in CTO: A gut endothelial cell is a mesoderm derived endothelial cell which plays an important part in inflammation as well as in organ specific leucocyte traffic and may be functionally different from large vessel endothelium http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1382723. Synonym: intestinal microvascular endothelial cell. Notes: Alberts does not mention gut endothelial cells though there are references to specialized flattened endothelial cells in the liver which cover hepatocytes. A citation was found which references human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells HIMEC - http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1382723 defining on the basis of this citation. FMA also has a term - endothelial cell of Peyer's patch which may be what's intended here and has been added as the anatomy reference in the absence of anything else. Peyer's patch is an endothelial receptor for leucocytes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7693807?dopt=Abstract
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurectodermal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurectoderm cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fat cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adipocyt
+ lipocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ professional antigen presenting cell
+
+ AP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ simple columnar epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment cell
+
+ chromatophor
+ chromatocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visual pigment cell
+
+ pigment cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glandular epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretory cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exocrine cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ "ductal exocrine gland
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GAG secreting cell
+
+ hyaluronic acid secreting cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ surfactant secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seromucus secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goblet cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ mucin
+ n/a
+ columnar
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acid secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parietal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ CHEBI:17883 hydrochloric acid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endocrine cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enteroendocrine cell
+
+ FMA:62930
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroendocrine cell
+
+ neurosecretory cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromaffin cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hormone secretion
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ _69263_FMA
+ n/a
+ NOTE SECRETORY CELL TYPE may have been defined. Synonym: Pheochromocyte Phaeochromocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pancreatic B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FAM_76489
+ FMA_83365
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ no lineage in CTO
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucagon secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pancreatic A cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ glucagon
+ n/a
+ no lineage in CTO
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatostatin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pancreatic D cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ n/a
+ FAMID: 76489 set of pancreatic islets
+ n/a
+ FMA_83349
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luteal cell
+
+ lutein cel
+ FMA:18688
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ testosterone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progesterone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolising cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hepatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ binucleate cells are common
+ tab/metabolising_cell.csv.txt
+ non vertebrates also have liver like things
+ n/a
+ incomplete
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ New def: A contractile cell is a cell whose primary function is to shorten
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.txt
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.csv.txt
+ various changes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pericyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ Unique slender cells with multiple processes
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+ n/a
+ "angiogenesis blood vessel remodelling structural organization
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericyte. Synonym: Rouget cell
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoepithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.csv.txt
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.txt
+ Not defined in CTO: A myoepithelial cell is a contractile cell usually found in glandular epithelium as a thin layer above the basement membrane but generally beneath the lumenal cells. These may be positive for alpha smooth muscle actin and can contract and expel the secretions of exocrine glands. They are found in the sweat gland mammary gland lacrimal gland and salivary gland. Myoepithelial cells in these cases constitute the basal cell layer of an epithelium that harbors the epithelial progenitor/stem cells. NOTE: differentiated from other muscle cells as they are adjacent to epithelia (Alberts p1296). Myoepithelial cells form the dilator muscle of the iris and expel saliva sweat and milk from glands
+ edited definition into one axiom
+ muscle contraction_ The expellation of gland contents is the process of moving substances secreted by an exocrine? gland such as milk or sweat by contraction of myopepithial cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myofibroblast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ not defined in CTO:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myofibroblast
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+ ?
+ "smooth muscle contraction wound healing smooth muscle development
+ n/a
+ ?
+ subepithelial in mucosal surfaces e.g. gut and genitourinary system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ edited!
+ FBbt:00005074
+ muscle contraction_ The expellation of gland contents is the process of moving substances secreted by an exocrine? gland such as milk or sweat by contraction of myopepithial cell.
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.csv.txt
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.txt
+ FBbt:00005083
+ myocyt
+ New def: A muscle cell or myocyte is an electrically responsive contractile cell that forms one of three types of muscle smooth striated and cardiac muscle. Muscle cells are specialized for contraction by means of organized filament systems based on action and myosin (ref Alberts page 1296)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ removed located in striated muscle tissue to remove inferences of cardiac muscle cell subclass.
+
+Also removed participatedIn some fma:'skeletal muscle cell'
+ Not defined in CTO: A skeletal muscle cell is a contractile cell forming skeletal muscles responsible for movements normally under voluntary control. Skeletal muscle cells are elongated very large and form syncitia containing many nuclei in a single cytoplasm.
+ exact synonym of skeletal muscle cell
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.txt
+ striated muscle cel
+ skeletal muscle contraction
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slow muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ not defined in CTO:A slow muscle cell is a skeletal muscle cell present in slow oxidative slow twitch or
+ slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibre contraction
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fast muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ changed participates to GO_0003010
+ fast-twitch skeletal myofibre contraction
+ not defined in CTO:A fast muscle cell is a skeletal muscle cell present in fast twitch muscle.
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ New def: A smooth muscle cell is a contractile non-striated elongated spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract uterus and blood vessels. They develop from specialized smooth muscle myoblasts.
+ FMA:14072
+ non-striated muscle cel
+ smooth muscle contraction
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.txt
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle cell (sensu Arthopoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NB:Not a leaf node there are several subtypes and they have different amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria - see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flight muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+ flight muscle in insects appear to be a special case
+ n/a
+ flight muscle (Birds and insecta)
+ blastoderm
+ not defined in CTO. A flight muscle cell is a muscle cell specialized for flight and part of insect muscle that is able to produce very high beats per minute. NB There are two types of insect muscle - synch and asycnh. Share some properties with skeletal muscle cell
+ "flight behaviour muscle contraction
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pain receptor cell
+
+ nocicepto
+ nocirecepto
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mechanoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory receptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory hair cell
+
+ FMA:62364
+ cochlear hair cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thermoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory receptor cell
+
+ olfactory sensory neuro
+ Schultze's cel
+ FMA:67860
+ olfactory receptor neuro
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor cell
+
+ FBbt:00004211
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electrically active cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ absorptive cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lining cell
+
+ Current CTO definition doesn't suggest that this is a barrier cell lining cells are epithelial and therefore have other functions such as transport as well as prevention of transport. Barrier cell may therefore may not be a useful axis of classification. Note no GO term prevention of transport. Not clear whether a lining cell is in an epithelial cell sheet or is an epithelial cell in an epithelial cell sheet. If the latter is true there is a missing subsumption relationship with epithelial cell
+ intermediate_tab/barrier_cell_intermediate_nodes.csv.txt
+ boundary cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synovial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark nucleolus
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ barrier cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate_tab/barrier_cell_intermediate_nodes.csv.txt
+ barrier cell may not be a useful axis of classification
+ Prevention of transport across compartments - is this a function of the cells or the structure itself unclear and probably contradictory with transport functions
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sertoli cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Seminiferous Tubules
+ FSH-receptor
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Schwann cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motile cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectodermal cell
+
+ ectoderm cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesodermal cell
+
+ mesoderm cel
+ mesoblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endodermal cell
+
+ endoderm cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anucleate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single nucleate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ binucleate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multinucleate cell
+
+ syncytial cel
+ syncytiu
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ red blood cel
+ FMA:62845
+ RB
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Circulatory system
+ ??
+ ??
+ Present in mammalia only. Equivalent of thromobytes in non-mammalian vertebrates
+ n/a
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histiocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B lymphocyt
+ B-cel
+ B-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non keratinizing barrier epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ prevent the transport of stuff across compartments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brush border epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratified squamous epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratified cuboidal epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Merkel cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ perception of touch
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ 10 ÔøΩ 15 ÔøΩm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transitional epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ passage cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/structural_cell_james.modified.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ exodermis
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microsporocyte
+
+ pollen mother cel
+ primary sporogenous cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megaspore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ egg cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eukaryotic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mycetozoan cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fiber tracheid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ water transport
+ tab/transporting_cell.txt
+ n/a
+ PO:0005352
+ n/a
+ only
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aggregate cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell that is part of an aggregate sensu Mycetozoa
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucilage cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guard mother cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vegetative cell (sensu Mycetozoa)
+
+ DDANAT:0000029
+ amoeb
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phloem initial
+
+
+ phloem mother cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior like cell
+
+ AL
+ DDANAT:0000019
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sieve element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prestalk cell
+
+ DDANAT:0000025
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subsidiary cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ stoma
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/structural_cell_james.modified.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cambial initial
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prestalk B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sclerenchyma cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/structural_cell_james.modified.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ ground tissue meristem
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prestalk I cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Population of Mycetozoan cell
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generative cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pstAB/ALC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ This is not a cell type?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pstO/ALC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ emcA and emcB expressing cell in Mycetozoa
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotactic amoeboid cell (sensu Mycetozoa)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+ cell chemotaxis
+ only
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a - large size range
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylem fiber cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/structural_cell_james.modified.txt
+ xylem
+ n/a
+ cambial initial
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore (sensu Mycetozoa)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ structural cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sieve cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sucrose transport
+ n/a
+ PO:0000289
+ gymnosperms and lower vascular plants only
+ n/a
+ ?
+ tab/transporting_cell.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatotropin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vegetative cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ conflicting definition between CTO and google. Is this a sexual cell or not?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ socket cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylem element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cambial initial
+ xylem
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/structural_cell_james.modified.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamete
+
+ FBbt:00005412
+ haploid germ cel
+ haploid nucleated cel
+ FMA:18649
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ crystallin accumulating cell
+
+ cone cel
+ lens cel
+ FBbt:00004193
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tracheal epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ Trachea
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metal ion accumulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratin accumulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratinocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serous secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ FMA_20932
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ milk secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMA_62100
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ no lineage in CTO
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ray initial
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sebum secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sebaceaous gland
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ ?
+ n/a
+ FMA_61304
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sweat secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ sweat
+ FMA_12275
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucus secreting cell
+
+ mucous cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megasporocyte
+
+ archesporial cel
+ megaspore mother cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seminal fluid secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ ?
+ FMA_62967 seminal fluid
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ seminal vesicles
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysozyme secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metanephric mesenchyme stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ Metanephron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stuff accumulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular matrix secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelin accumulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxygen accumulating cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tracheid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ water transport
+ PO:0005352
+ ?
+ n/a
+ tab/transporting_cell.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural crest cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vegetative cell (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchyme condensation cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adrenal medulla cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ MIGHT BE A SYNONYM OF CHROMAFIN CELL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+ neuroblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+ neuroblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glioblast (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glioblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment cell (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair papilla cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ Not defined in CTO. A hair papilla cell is a specialized mesenchymal cell present in dermal papilla located at the bottom of hair follicles. These cells play a roles in hair formation growth and cycling. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119133024/abstract
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ hair growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extraembryonic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trophoblast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blastemal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair matrix stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratified epithelial stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphincter associated smooth muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+ vascular smooth muscle contraction
+ sphincter not in FMA
+ ?
+ n/a
+ not defined in CTO: A sphincter associated smooth muscle cell is a smooth muscle cell which is part of a sphincter - an anatomical structure which normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning
+ ?
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vascular associated smooth muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vascular smooth muscle contraction
+ ?
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+ not defined in CTO:A vascualar associated smooth muscle cell is a smooth muscle cell located in blood vessels whose purpose is to regulate the lumenal diameter
+ n/a
+ ?
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal cell
+
+ FMA:62411
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylem
+ cambial initial
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/structural_cell_james.modified.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ray cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ ray initial
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/structural_cell_james.modified.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zygote
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm cell (sensu Viridiplantae)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single cell sarcomere
+
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+ questionable are sarcomeres ever single cells? Are they not syncitia?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transfer cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transport
+ only
+ PO:0000078
+ map to anatomy is transfer cell - equivalence. Cells can be polyploid therefore are annotated as such may also be diploid etc
+ tab/transporting_cell.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tormogen cell
+
+ socket cel
+ FBbt:00005171
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichogen cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ Exoskeleton
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoprogenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tracheoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ support cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nephrogenic mesenchyme stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ligament cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prohemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+ FBbt:00005062
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ podocyte (sensu Diptera)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ crystal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electrically responsive cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmatocyte
+
+ FBbt:00001685
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ procrystal cell
+
+ FBbt:00001689
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamellocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ??
+ ??
+ ??
+ none
+ Circulatory system
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polygonal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ ??
+ Circulatory system
+ none
+ none
+ ??
+ ??
+ polygonal
+ ??
+ ??
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phloem element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/transporting_cell.txt
+ not defined in CTO: not clear what this is phloem is a tissue not a cell. Need to check with a plant biologist.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage (sensu Diptera)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Circulatory system
+ none
+ ??
+ ??
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ ??
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CNS interneuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electrically signaling cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male gamete
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypodermal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ standard epithelial stuff
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyploid cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ haploid cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diploid cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endopolyploid cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seam cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part2.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitogenic signaling cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ excretory cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pore cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle
+ note only described as present in C.elegans
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ CL:0000134 mesenchymal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scaffold cell
+
+ Not annotated. Al cells will undergo apoptosis. Scaffold call and apoptosis are not defined in CTO. Also apoptosis fated cell CTO is top hit
+ tab/apoptosis_fated_cell.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eccrine cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ "eccrine gland (not in FMA) skin
+ FMA_12275 portion of sweat
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ ?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkali secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkali - not clear as what kind of alkali
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vaginal lubricant secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ Bartholin's gland
+ FMA_9675
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicle stimulating hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luteinizing hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prolactin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicle stem cell
+
+ FBbt:00004903
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular dendritic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ obliquely striated muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+ ?
+ muscle contraction
+ n/a
+ not defined in CTO: An obliquely striated muscle cell is a striated muscle cell in which the filaments are staggered producing oblique bands. These are found in annelids nematodes and molluscs.
+ ?
+ not an exhaustive list
+ ?
+ n/a
+ ?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptosis fated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbohydrate secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ FMA_82737
+ ?
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ white fat cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brown fat cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendritic cell
+
+ veiled cel
+ interdigitating cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epinephrin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biogenic amine secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ norepinephrin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal cell (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00004994
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardioblast (sensu Arthropoda)
+
+
+ FBbt:00001666
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroglioblast
+
+
+ FBbt:00005147
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ganglion mother cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Form new Ganglion Cells
+ Eye
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorenchyma cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defensive cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00004904
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ connective tissue type mast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ Connective tissue
+ mesoderm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucosal type mast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visible light photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photopic photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper cell
+
+ helper T-lymphocyt
+ FMA:70572
+ helper T-cel
+ helper T cel
+ helper T lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UV sensitive photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stromal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulosa cell
+
+ FMA:18718
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D cell
+
+ type D enteroendocrine cel
+ FMA:62935
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ theca cell
+
+ FMA:18690
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterochromaffin cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ n/a
+ no lineage in CTO
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substance P secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enkephalin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endorphin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ no lineage in CTO
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ FMA_83366
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gastrin secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Paneth cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ androgen binding protein secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paracrine cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ agonist
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+ ?
+ paracrine gland (not in FMA)
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle myoblast
+
+
+ cardioblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle myoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perineuronal satellite cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ According to DMA is-a oligodendrocyte - missing subsumtion in CTO. Poss also a role in myeline formation suggested by a paper - http://www.springerlink.com/content/k44v6r825n3mq522/ http://spaces.wikiprofessional.org/spaces/conceptNavigator%3FknowletId%3Dumls/C0205868 - NICE!
+ higher vertebrata
+ n/a
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ n/a
+ nerve ensheathment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocyte (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocyte (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prokaryotic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ afferent neuron
+
+ input neuro
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ efferent neuron
+
+ output neuro
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary sensory neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary motor neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal initial
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FBbt:00005106
+ FBbt:00005146
+ nerve cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sieve tube member
+
+ tab/transporting_cell.txt
+ CTO def: One of the series of cellular components of a sieve tube. It shows a more or less pronounced differentiation between sieve plates (wide pores) and lateral sieve areas (narrow pores). Also sieve tube element and the obsolete sieve tube segment. BY definition not a cell type check with a plant biologist
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper 1 cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper 2 cell CL:0000546
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ mesoderm
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proerythroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pronormoblas
+ rubriblas ISBN:0721601464
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ animal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophilic erythroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prorubricyt ISBN:0721601464
+ early erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+ early normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+ basophilic normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polychromatophilic erythroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+ intermediate erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+ polychromatic erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+ polychromatophilic normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+ rubricyt ISBN:0721601464
+ polychromatic normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ orthochromatic erythroblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophilic erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+ orthochromatic normoblas ISBN:0721601464
+ acidophilic erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+ pyknotic erythroblas ISBN:0721601464
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megakaryocyte progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megacaryoblas
+ megakaryoblas
+ promegacaryocyt
+ megacaryocyte progenitor cel
+ FMA:84235
+ promegakaryocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megakaryocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megalocaryocyt
+ megacaryocyt
+ megalokaryocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CFU-C Colony forming unit in cultur http://www.copewithcytokines.de
+ GM ISBN:0721601464 PMID:15684376 PMID:15867096
+ CFU-G ISBN:0721601464 PMID:15684376 PMID:15867096
+ granulocyte-macrophage progenito ISBN:0721601464 PMID:15684376 PMID:15867096
+ colony forming unit granulocyte macrophag ISBN:0721601464 PMID:15684376 PMID:15867096
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reticulocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ promonocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ band form neutrophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stab cel
+ rod neutrophi
+ ban
+ band for
+ band cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleate erythrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endospore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ prokaryotic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic promyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic premyelocyt
+ neutrophilic progranulocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fat body cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ depends on dev stage
+ n/a
+ FBbt:00005066
+ n/a
+ incomplete
+ tab/metabolising_cell.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angioblastic mesenchymal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angioblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac mesenchymal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Not defined in CTO. A cardiac mesenchymal cell is a mesenchymal cell involved in heart development. NOTE UNSURE ABOUT THIS ONE CONFIRM WITH JB
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ n/a
+ heart morphogeneis
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parafollicular cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ Not defined in CTO. A parafollicular cell is a secretory cell present in the thyroid gland which produces and secrete calcitonin. NOTE THINK THIS IS ALSO A SECRETORY CELL - SECRETES CALCITONIN therefore is-a CL:0000443 calcitonin secreting cell. Missing in reln in CTO?
+
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ peptide hormone secretion
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterochromaffin like cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMA_61806
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ no lineage in CTO
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ border follicle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ Follicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic myelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophilic metamyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ juvenile neutrophi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ Intestine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ odontoclast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ androgen secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle satellite cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enucleate erythrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sexual spore
+
+ meiotically-derived spor
+ FAO:0000017
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microconidium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conidium
+
+ FAO:0000024
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterokaryon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asexual spore
+
+ FAO:0000023
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macroconidium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophil progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CFU-E
+ eosinophil stem cel
+ colony forming unit eosinophi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophilic myelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CFU-Ba
+ basophilic stem cel
+ colony forming unit basophi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophilic myelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basidiospore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporangiospore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sheath cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ support cell (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+ FBbt:00005144
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zoospore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fusion competent myoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ null cel
+ NK cel
+ large granular lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta T lymphocyt
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta T-lymphocyt
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta T-cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta T lymphocyt
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta T-lymphocyt
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta T-cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transporting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ supportive cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ito cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ mesodermal
+ n/a
+ FMAID: collagen
+ "globular contain lipid droplets
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Muller cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ Not defined in CTO: A Muller cell is an astrocytic glial cell found in the vertebrate retina with glial cell functions (support and nutrition maintain homeostasis form myelin and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system). After injury to the retina they can de-differentiate into multipotent progenitor cells. Synonym: Radial retinal glial cell (FMA)
+ cell dedifferentiation
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromophil cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acidophil cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil cell of anterior lobe of hypophysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromophobe cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tanycyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ Not defined in CTO: A tanycyte is an astrocytic ependymal cell found principally in the walls of the third ventricle of the brain may have branched or unbranched processes some of which end on capillaries or neurons. Function is unknown it has been suggested that as they make connections with capillaries they may be involved in uptake and/or delivery mechanisms between the cerebrospinal fluid hypothalamic cells and blood vessels
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ "FMAID: 54560 FMAID:242833
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bergmann glial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ "cerebellum development synapse organization
+ n/a
+ Not defined in CTO: A Bergmann glial cell is an astrocyte located in the cerebellum that has cell bodies located in the Purkinje layer and and processes that extend into the molecular layer terminating with bulbous endfeet at the pial surface. Bergmann glia express high densities of glutamate transporters that limit diffusion of the neurotransmitter glutamate during its release from synaptic terminals. Besides their role in early development of the cerebellum Bergmann glia are also required for the pruning or addition of synapses. Synonym:radial epithelial cell Golgi epithelial cells. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocyte#Bergmann_glia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pituicyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ Not defined in the CTO: A pituicyte is a glial cell of the posterior pituitary with long branching processes. May secrete vasopressin according to one source unclear if correct.
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ Epidermis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ juxtaglomerular cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ ?
+ ?
+ not defined in CTO: A juxtaglomerular cell (also known as granular cells) are cells that synthesize store and secrete the enzyme renin. They are specialized smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole that delivers blood to the glomerulus. Missing subsumption relationship - secretory cell - secretes renin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juxtaglomerular_cell. Renin - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renin
+ "smooth muscle contraction regulation of blood vessel size by renin-angiotensin secretion of renin into the bloodstream
+ ?
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesangial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Kidney Blood vessels
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neck cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ mucin
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary oocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary oocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary spermatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Male Reproductive System
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary spermatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+ Male Reproductive System
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eggshell secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ CL:0000134 mesenchymal cell
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ n/a
+ "incomplete list no definition in CTO to indicate types of eggs intended
+ n/a
+ eggshell/chorion
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ valve cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ closable valve cell
+
+ tab/contractile_cell_modified.txt
+ not defined in CTO. No idea what this is poss C. elegans specific. Ask JB.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fenestrated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parenchymal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primordial germ cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tracheary element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interfollicle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female gamete
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gut absorptive cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PATO term is villiform - or a new term having many villiform projections 'fringed' in needed. And this is an epithelial cell
+ n/a
+ tab/absorptive_cell.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle precursor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial glial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ CNS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ M cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ Foreign antigen
+ ??
+ microfold (different from villi not in PATO)
+ ??
+ none
+ Revised definition and citation: M cells (or microfold cells) are cells found in the follicle-associated epithelium of the Peyer's patch that have the unique ability to sample antigen from the lumen of the small intestine and deliver it via transcytosis to antigen presenting cells and lymphocytes located in a unique pocket-like structure on their basolateral side. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M_cells
+ See definition
+ tab/defensive_cell.mikel.txt
+ Epithelium of the small intestine
+ antigen sampling by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue_ transcytosis
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ littoral cell of liver
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristematic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebrospinal fluid secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.mikel.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stellate interneuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial tip cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part3.csv.txt
+ Blood Vessel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ choroid plexus epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ not well annotated is also a cerebrospinal fluid secreting cell - missing subsumption. New definition: a choroid plexus epithelial cell is a secreting cell which secretes cerebrospinal fluid and is involved in organic anion transport functions (citation http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/76504946/abstract)
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/transporting_cell.txt
+ "organic anion transport ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leptomemingeal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ extracellular matrix
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ CL:0000449 stromal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroepithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cumulus cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratum granulosum cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ Cerebrum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic crystal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Melanin (?)
+ Circulatory system
+ ??
+ ??
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+ ??
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph gland crystal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+ Lymph gland
+ ??
+ ??
+ ??
+ Melanin (?)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cone cell (sensu Endoptyeygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cystoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrogen fixing cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leading edge cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ Epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urothelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Unirary System
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amoeboid cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph gland plasmatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ ??
+ ??
+ ??
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ Lymph gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic gland plasmatocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ Circulatory system
+ ??
+ ??
+ ??
+ ??
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph gland hemocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic gland hemocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucocyt
+ white blood cel
+ immune cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ periarticular chondrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ n/a
+ CL:00000058 chondroblast
+ FMAID: collagen
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ periarticular - not in PATO
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypertrophic chondrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMAID: collagen
+ n/a
+ CL:00000058 chondroblast
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell_hp2.txt
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ columnar chondrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ columnar
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+ FMA_63891
+ cartilage
+ n/a
+ mesodermal
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac myocyt
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.csv.txt
+ FMA:14067
+ removed link to FMA cardiac mucle cell
+ cardiomyocyt
+ Not defined in CTO: A cardiac muscle cell is a striated muscle cell with many mitochondria found in the walls of the heart. Cardiac muscle differ from striated muscle in the following aspects: they are shorter the striations are not so obvious the sarcolemma is thinner and not clearly discernible there is only one nucleus present in the centre of each cardiac fibre and adjacent fibres branch but are linked to each other by so-called muscle bridges. ref http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/SCI_Ed/grade10/mammal/muscle.htm#heart en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_muscle
+ intermediate_tab/contractile_cell_mikel.txt
+ cardiac muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal bipolar neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ON-bipolar cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ OFF-bipolar cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cone retinal bipolar cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythroid lineage cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythroblast
+
+ normoblas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid leukocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil
+
+ basophilic leukocyt
+ basophilic leucocyt
+ polymorphonuclear leucocyt
+ polymorphonuclear leukocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature basophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature basophilic leucocyt
+ immature basophilic leukocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophilic metamyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ band form basophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophil
+
+ eosinophilic leucocyt
+ eosinophilic leukocyt
+ polymorphonuclear leukocyt
+ polymorphonuclear leucocyt
+ eosinocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature eosinophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature eosinocyt
+ immature eosinophilic leukocyt
+ immature eosinophilic leucocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophilic metamyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ band form eosinophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil
+
+ polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyt
+ neutrophilic leucocyt
+ pol
+ neutrocyt
+ neutrophilic leukocyt
+ polymorphonuclear leukocyt
+ polymorphonuclear neutrophi
+ PM
+ polymorphonuclear leucocyt
+ neutrophil leucocyt
+ polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyt
+ neutrophil leukocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature neutrophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature neutrophil leukocyt
+ immatuer neutrophilic leukocyt
+ immature neutrophil leucocyt
+ immature neutrocyt
+ immature neutrophilic leucocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononuclear osteoclast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multinuclear osteoclast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multinucleated osteoclas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononuclear odontoclast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid dendritic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interdigitating cel
+ veiled cel
+ DC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multinucleated phagocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmacytoid dendritic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ mesoderm
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature B-lymphocyt
+ mature B-cel
+ mature B lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ large (wrt lymphocyte)
+ immunoglobulin secretion during immune reponse
+ n/a
+ tab/defensive_cell.mikel.txt
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ ??
+ Circulatory system
+ none
+ Immunoglobulin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ memory B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Circulatory system
+ mesoderm
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ naive B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T cell
+
+ alpha-beta T-cel
+ alpha-beta T lymphocyt
+ alpha-beta T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature alpha-beta T cell
+
+ immature alpha-beta T lymphocyt
+ immature alpha-beta T-cel
+ immature alpha-beta T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature alpha-beta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature alpha-beta T lymphocyt
+ mature alpha-beta T-cel
+ mature alpha-beta T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ "CD4-positive CD25-positive alpha-beta regulatory T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+ "CD4 CD25 TCR? TCR?
+ mesoderm
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ "CD4-positive alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelia
+ none
+ none
+ "CD4 TCR? TCR?
+ mesoderm
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ "CD8-positive alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ mesoderm
+ "CD8 TCR? TCR?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ "CD8-positive alpha-beta regulatory T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ "CD8 TCR? TCR?
+ none
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ "CD8 positive alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ Epithelia
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ "CD8 TCR? TCR?
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell
+
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyt
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyt
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cel
+ intraepithelial lymphocyt
+ IE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T-cel
+ gamma-delta T-lymphocyt
+ gamma-delta T lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature gamma-delta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature gamma-delta T-lymphocyt
+ immature gamma-delta T lymphocyt
+ immature gamma-delta T-cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature gamma-delta T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature gamma-delta T lymphocyt
+ mature gamma-delta T-cel
+ mature gamma-delta T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell
+
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cel
+ intraepithelial lymphocyt
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyt
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyt
+ IE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ "CD8-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelia
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ "CD8 TCR? TCR?
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ "CD4-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ "CD4 TCR? TCR?
+ Epithelia
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature T-cel
+ immature T lymphocyt
+ immature T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature single positive T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature single positive T-lymphocyt
+ immature single positive T-cel
+ IS
+ immature single positive T lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN2 immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN2 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ DN2 alpha-beta immature T-cel
+ TN2 thymocyt
+ TN2 cel
+ DN2 thymocyt
+ thymocyt
+ DN2 cel
+ DN2 alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN3 immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN3 alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyt
+ DN3 thymocyt
+ DN3 cel
+ DN3 alpha-beta immature T-cel
+ DN3 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ TN3 thymocyt
+ thymocyt
+ TN3 cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN4 alpha-beta immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DN4 alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ DN4 cel
+ DN4 thymocyt
+ thymocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double-positive alpha-beta immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DP thymocyt
+ double-positive alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ DP cel
+ thymocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyt
+ SP CD4 cel
+ CD4-positive alpha-beta immature T-cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ "CD8-positive alpha-beta immature T cell
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta immature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/metabolising_cell.csv.txt
+ pleiomorphic
+ tab/absorptive_cell.txt
+ mesoderm
+ tab/transporting_cell.txt
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta immature T-cel
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta immature T lymphocyt
+ n/a
+ CD8-positive alpha-beta immature T-lymphocyt
+ tab/apoptosis_fated_cell.txt
+ Any additional comment about this term
+ SP CD8 cel
+ circulatory system
+ only
+ tab/motile_cell_modified.txt
+ <10.0
+ CD marker CD-8
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature T lymphocyt
+ mature T-lymphocyt
+ mature T-cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ memory T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ Circulatory system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NK T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ none
+ Cytokines
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ Circulatory system
+ ??
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulatory T cell
+
+ regulatory T-cel
+ regulatory T lymphocyt
+ suppressor T-lymphocyt
+ suppressor T-cel
+ regulatory T-lymphocyt
+ suppressor T lymphocyt
+ suppressor T cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature B-cel
+ immature B-lymphocyt
+ immature B lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-B lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transitional stage B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transitional stage B-lymphocyt
+ transitional stage B-cel
+ T1 B cel
+ transitional stage B lymphocyt
+ T2 B cel
+ T3 B cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1 B cell
+
+ B-1 B-cel
+ B-1 B lymphocyt
+ B-1 B-lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1a B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ none
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1b B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-2 B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature natural killer cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ p-N PMID:12457618
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature natural killer cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ natural killer cell innate immunity
+ n/a
+ large (wrt lymphocyte)
+ tab/defensive_cell.mikel.txt
+ ??
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell progenitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ null cel PMID:11532393
+ preNK cel PMID:11532393
+ NK PMID:12457618 PMID:15032583 PMID:15766674
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pro-B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pro-B lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pro-T cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TN1 cel
+ DN1 cel
+ DN1 thymocyt
+ pro-T lymphocyt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thromboblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophilic myeloblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophilic promyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell progenitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colony forming unit mast cel
+ CFU-Mast
+ CFU-M
+ MC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophilic myeloblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophilic promyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil stem cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ promyelocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hematopoietic progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemopoietic progenitor cel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphoid progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature myeloid dendritic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononuclear cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germinal center B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ none
+ none
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ marginal zone B cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antimicrobial immune response
+ tab/Circulating_cells_David_modified.txt
+ tab/defensive_cell.mikel.txt
+ none
+ n/a
+ none
+ mesoderm
+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal-zone_B_cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromast mantle cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ secretes cupula - the gelatinous covering of a neuromast organ
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interneuromast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part2.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slow muscle myoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fast muscle myoblast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cementum secreting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n/a
+ ?
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ tab/secretory_cell.modified.helen.txt
+ n/a
+ n/a
+ FMA_55630
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visual pigment cell (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+ FBbt:00004230
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stretch receptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stratified keratinized epithelial stem cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelium
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+ Barrier or defence of inner epithelial cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trophectodermal cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tab/therest-part1-mikel.csv.txt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prolactin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyroid stimulating hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ expelation of gland contents
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prevention of transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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diff --git a/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/fma.owl b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/fma.owl
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6530c907d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/fma.owl
@@ -0,0 +1,5624 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+]>
+
+
+
+
+ Wed May 20 11:11:00 CEST 2009
+ 1.2
+ ONTO-PERL
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Skin of breast
+ Breast skin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zone of continuity
+ Continuity zone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Segment of tracheobronchial tree
+ Tracheobronchial tree segment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Compartment of trunk which is enclosed by a body wall subdivision and is demarcated from another body cavity subdivision by an anatomical structure or a conduit, it contains one or more serous sacs, viscera and other organs; together with the other body cavity subdivisions, it constitutes the body cavity. Examples: thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity.
+ Body compartment subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of mediastinum
+ Mediastinal subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ with organ cavity which is connected to the optic nerve. Examples: There are only two eyeballs, the right and the left eyeballs..
+ Eyeball
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tooth
+ Organ with a cavity which consist of dentine and enamel. Examples: incisor, molar.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of esophagus
+ Esophageal wall
+ Esophagus wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Skin of nipple
+ Nipple skin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lobus (glandula thyroidea)
+ Lobe of thyroid gland
+ Thyroid gland lobe
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Right lobe of thyroid gland
+ Lobus dexter (glandula thyroidea)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lobus sinister (glandula thyroidea)
+ Left lobe of thyroid gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Pituitary
+ Hypophysis cerebri
+ Pituitary gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cardinal organ part which is bounded predominantly by bonafide boundaries. Examples: lobe of lung, osteon, acinus, submucosa, anterior leaflet of mitral valve, capsule of kidney, cortical bone, muscle fasciculus.
+ Organ component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mesothelium
+ Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin which lines serous membranes. Examples: mesothelium of pleura, mesothelium of peritoneum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zone of stomach
+ Gastric zone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fundus gastricus (ventricularis)
+ Gastric fundus
+ Fundus of stomach
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gastric corpus
+ Corpus gastricum (ventriculare)
+ Body of stomach
+ Gastric body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Antrum of stomach
+ Pyloric antrum
+ Gastric antrum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Pyloric canal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of stomach
+ Stomach wall
+ Gastric wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of small intestine
+ Small intestinal wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of duodenum
+ Duodenal wall
+ Doudenal wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucosa of stomach
+ Tunica mucosa (Gaster)
+ Mucous membrane of stomach
+ Gastric mucous membrane
+ Gastric mucosa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gastric gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Glandula gastrica propria
+ Main gastric gland
+ Principal gastric gland
+ Oxyntic gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Glandula pylorica
+ Pyloric gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucosa of small intestine
+ Small intestine mucous membrane
+ Mucous membrane of small intestine
+ Tunica mucosa (Intestinum tenue)
+ Small intestinal mucosa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucosa of duodenum
+ Duodenal mucous membrane
+ Doudenal mucosa
+ Duodenal mucosa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Aggregated lymphoid follicle of small intestine
+ Peyer's patch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intestinal villus
+ Villus intestinalis (Intestinum tenue)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Medulla of suprarenal gland
+ Medulla (Glandula suprarenalis)
+ Adrenal medulla
+ Suprarenal medulla
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Small intestine lamina propria
+ Lamina propria of small intestine
+ Lamina propria of mucosa of small intestine
+ Lamina propria mucosae of small intestine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gastric gland proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intestinal mucosa
+ Mucosa of intestine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Marginal zone of spleen
+ Junctional zone of spleen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intestinal wall
+ Wall of intestine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lamina propria of duodenum
+ Lamina propria mucosae of duodenum
+ Duodenal lamina propria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Female pelvis (volume)
+ Female pelvis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of fundus of stomach
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of body of stomach
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of pyloric antrum
+ Pyloric antrum wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of pyloric canal
+ Pyloric canal wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucosa of subdivision of stomach
+ Mucosa of zone of stomach
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucosa of fundus of stomach
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucosa of body of stomach
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucosa of pyloric antrum
+ Pyloric antrum mucosa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucosa of pyloric canal
+ Pyloric canal mucosa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelium of stomach
+ Gastric epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lamina propria of stomach
+ Lamina propria mucosae of stomach
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Uterus
+ Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the right and left uterine tubes and distally is connected to the vagina. Examples: There is only one uterus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Uterine wall
+ Wall of uterus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Endometrium
+ Tunica mucosa (Endometrium)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue.
+ Loose connective tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Female breast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Regular connective tissue
+ Connective tissue, which consists of fibroblasts, the intercellular matrix of which contains a regular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: bone (tissue), cartilage (tissue), dense regular collagenous tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Irregular connective tissue
+ Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Abdominal region
+ Subdivision of abdomen
+ Abdominal subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Thoracic region
+ Thoracic subdivision
+ Subdivision of thorax
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical structure which is the aggregate material substance of an individual member of the Homo sapiens species. Examples: There is only one human body.
+ Human body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Male trunk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Female trunk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Male urinary system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Female urinary system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Male thorax
+ Male chest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Female thorax
+ Female chest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Set of organ parts
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zone of skin of chest
+ Zone of skin of thorax
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zone of skin of trunk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the vertebral column and ribcage. Examples: There is only one body proper.
+ Body proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Male body proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Female body proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of body proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Skeleton
+ Set of bones of body
+ Set of organ system subdivision which consists of all the bones in the body.
+ Set of all bones
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Skeleton (in vivo)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ system subdivision which consists of the skeleton and the articular system.
+ Skeletal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Diploid nucleated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Head region
+ Subdivision of head
+ Head subdivision
+ Region of head
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ventricular system of neuraxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of ventricular system of neuraxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of third ventricle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ventricular system of brain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Region of ventricluar system of neuraxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ependyma
+ Lamina epithelialis
+ Ependyma of neuraxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of ependyma of neuraxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ependyma of third ventricle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ependyma of ventricular system of brain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face.
+ Face
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anterior chest
+ Subdivision of thorax which is anterior to the plane of the posterior boundary of the middle mediastinum.
+ Anterior thoracic region
+ Front of chest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Trunk subdivision
+ Subdivision of trunk
+ Region of trunk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Trunk front
+ Subdivision of trunk which is demarcated from the back of trunk by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines, the external surface of the posterior abdominal wall and from the limbs by the inguinal folds; together with the back of trunk, it constitutes the trunk. Examples: There is only one trunk proper.
+ Anterolateral part of trunk
+ Front of trunk
+ Trunk proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Body of vertebrate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical structure which is the aggregate material substance of an individual member of a species.
+ Body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Segment of neuraxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Male trunk proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Female trunk proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Male abdomen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Female abdomen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of trunk proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of trunk which has as its parts the thorax and the back of thorax. Examples: There is only one thoracic segment of trunk.
+ Thoracic segment of trunk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Abdominal segment of trunk
+ Subdivision of trunk which has as its parts the abdomen and the back of abdomen. Examples: There is only one abdominal segment of trunk.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Thoracic segment of male trunk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Thoracic segment of female trunk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Abdominal segment of male trunk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Abdominal segment of female trunk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Content of abdomen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Female pelvic compartment
+ Compartment of female pelvis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Content of pelvis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Content of female pelvis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Orbital content
+ Content of orbital part of eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Body cavity content
+ Content of body compartment
+ Content of compartment of trunk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Content of female body compartment
+ Content of female body cavity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Male body compartment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Female body compartment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Compartment of male abdomen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Compartment of female abdomen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Content of female abdomen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Compartment subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ General anatomical term
+ Anatomical term that represents more than one concept. It is a homonym. Examples: muscle, bone, liver cell, fiber, apex of lung.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Muscle
+ Musculus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical cluster which consists of all or some members of one or more organ subclasses which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: abdominal viscera, pelvic viscera.
+ Organ cluster
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hyaline cartilage of bone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Regular connective tissue, which consists of chondrocytes and related cells, the intercellular matrix of which is chondrified. Examples: hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage.
+ Cartilage tissue
+ Cartilaginous tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of hemolymphoid system
+ Hemolymphoid system subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ component cluster
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Simple epithelium
+ Unilaminar epithelium
+ Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.
+ Multilaminar epithelium
+ Stratified epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Stratified squamous epithelium
+ Multilaminar epithelium which consists of more than one layer of squamous cells only one layer of which is in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, epithelium of wall of esophagus.
+ Epithelium stratificatum squamosum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. Examples: epithelium of proximal renal tubule, pigmented layer of retina, epithelium of lens.
+ Epithelium simplex cuboideum
+ Simple cuboidal epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Simple columnar epithelium
+ Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.
+ Epithelium simplex columnare
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelium stratificatum squamosum cornificatum
+ Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is a stratified squamous epithelium, the cells of which synthesize and accumulate keratin.
+ Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gut
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gastrointestinal system subdivision
+ Subdivision of gastrointestinal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of cardiovascular system
+ Cardiovascular system subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Portal venous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Serosa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of gut
+ Gut wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Urinary system subdivision
+ Subdivision of urinary system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Upper urinary tract
+ Subdivision of urinary system which consists of the kidney and the ureters.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of respiratory system
+ Respiratory system subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Upper respiratory tract
+ Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of respiratory system which consists of the tracheobronchial tree, right lung and left lung.
+ Lower respiratory tract
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Conceptual anatomical entity that represents an anatomical concept in non-structural context or in multiple contexts. Examples: general anatomical term, radiological term, embryological term.
+ Miscellaneous term
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gut subdivision
+ Subdivision of gut
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Non-physical anatomical entity which asserts an association between two or more physical and/or non-physical anatomical entities.
+ Anatomical relation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical lobe
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ component constituted by specialized tissues which are organized into acini, lobules, segments, and lobes, or corticomedullary units and supported by stroma. Examples: parenchyma of lung, parenchyma of liver, parenchyma of kidney.
+ Parenchyma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Body of organ
+ Organ body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of mouth
+ Mouth subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of skeletal system which consists of the skeleton of the head and its joints.
+ Skull
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fascicular architecture of muscle
+ Myofiber architecture
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intra-ocular muscle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Muscle of iris
+ Iris muscle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dilatator pupillae
+ Dilator pupillae
+ Dilator muscle of pupil
+ Dilator of pupil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zone of thyroid gland
+ Thyroid gland zone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Upper gastrointestinal tract
+ Upper GI tract
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Thyroid gland isthmus
+ Isthmus glandulae thyroideae
+ Thyroid isthmus
+ Isthmus of thyroid gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lallouette's pyramid
+ Lobus pyramidalis (Glandula thyroidea)
+ Pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Oral part of face
+ Mouth
+ Oral region
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical structure, which has as its parts a heterogeneous collection of organs, organ parts, cells, cell parts or body part subdivisions that are adjacent to, or continuous with one another; does not constitute a cell part, cell, tissue, organ, organ system or organ system subdivision, cardinal body part, body part subdivision or anatomical junction. Examples: joint, adnexa of uterus, root of lung, renal pedicle, back.
+ Anatomical cluster
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Areola skin
+ Skin of areola
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Entity with spatial dimension. Examples: point, line, surface, volume.
+ Dimensional entity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Surface
+ 2-D entity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical relation which asserts associations of a physical nature between two or more anatomical entities.
+ Structural anatomical relation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical boundary entity
+ Immaterial anatomical entity of one less dimension than the anatomical entity it bounds or demarcates from another anatomical entity. Examples: surface of heart, surface of epithelial cell, cervicothoracic plane, supra-orbital notch, costal margin, apex beat, Sylvian point.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Brain
+ Segment of neuraxis that has as its parts gray matter and white matter that surround the cerebral ventricular system; Examples: There is only one brain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ear
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Orbit
+ Orbit of skull
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Orbital compartment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Facial region
+ Subdivision of face
+ Region of face
+ Face subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Orbital region
+ Eye
+ Orbital part of face
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Non-neuronal cell
+ Neuroglial cell
+ Glial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Astrocytus
+ Astrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Macrogliocyte
+ Macroglial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Oligodendroglia cell
+ Oligodendrocyte
+ Oligodendrocytus
+ Oligodendroglial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Head proper
+ Subdivision of head which consists of the neurocranium and all layers superficial to it including the cranial cavity and its contents. Examples: There is only one head proper.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Perineuronal satellite oligodendroglial cell
+ Perineuronal satellite cell
+ Satellite oligodendrocyte
+ Perineuronal satellite oligodendrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Radial astrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tanycyte
+ Ependymoglial cell
+ Ependymal astrocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tongue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tongue body
+ Body of tongue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zone of tongue
+ Tongue zone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dorsum of tongue
+ Tongue dorsum
+ Dorsal tongue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zone of body of tongue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Taste bud
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of skull
+ Skull subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lymphocytic tissue
+ Lymphoid tissue
+ Lymphatic tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zone of organ
+ Organ region with floating fiat boundary
+ Organ sector
+ Organ zone
+ Organ region with one or more floating fiat boundaries. Examples: apical zone of lung, superior pole of kidney, gingiva, apex of prostate, ascending colon proper.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Parenchyma of thyroid gland
+ Thyroid gland parenchyma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Parenchyma of right lobe of thyroid gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Parenchyma of left lobe of thyroid gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Parenchyma of pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Parenchyma of isthmus of thyroid gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Material anatomical entity which consists of the maximum number of discontinuous members of the same class. Examples: set of cranial nerves, ventral branches of aorta, set of mammary arteries, thoracic viscera, dental arcade.
+ Anatomical set
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Parenchymatous organ
+ Solid organ which consists of parenchyma and connective tissue stroma; the stroma subdivides the parenchyma into lobes, segments, lobules, acini, or cortex and medulla. Examples: lung, liver, spleen, kidney, parathyroid gland.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lobular organ
+ Parenchymatous organ the stroma of which subdivides the parenchyma into lobes, segments, lobules and acini. Examples: lung, liver, lactiferous gland, testis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Parenchymatous organ the stroma of which subdivides the parenchyma into cortex and medulla. Examples: thymus, spleen, ovary.
+ Corticomedullary organ
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Nonparenchymatous organ
+ Solid organ which consists of organ parts that are arranged as fascicles or sheets. Examples: muscle (organ), ligament (organ), membrane (organ), skin, viscerocranial mucosa.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ the unshared parts of which do not surround macroscopic anatomical spaces; only its shared parts (subdivisions of hollow tree organs) contain anatomical spaces. Examples: lung, liver, thymus, ovary, muscle (organ), meninx, superficial fascia, skin.
+ Solid organ
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cavitated organ
+ Organ the unshared parts of which surround one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. Examples: neuraxis, tooth, esophagus, heart, long bone, corpus spongiosum of penis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cavitated organ in which its unshared parts surround one continuous anatomical space. Examples: stomach, urinary bladder, esophagus, uterine tube.
+ Organ with organ cavity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cavitated organ in which its unshared parts surround two or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. Examples: heart, long bone, corpus spongiosum of penis, bulb of vestibule.
+ Organ with cavitated organ parts
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Central nervous system
+ Cerebrospinal axis
+ Neuraxis
+ Organ with organ cavity which consists of gray matter and white matter. Examples: There is only one neuraxis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Segment of brain
+ Neuraxis segment
+ Organ region of neuraxis with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: thalamus, midbrain, pons, cerebellum, and spinal cord.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ with organ cavity, which consists of an arborizing set of tubular organ parts, the walls of which are continuous and surround a continuous lumen. Examples: systemic arterial tree (organ), tracheobronchial tree, biliary tree.
+ Hollow tree organ
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Skin of breast proper
+ Breast proper skin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of eyeball
+ Eyeball wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Layer of wall of eyeball
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Uveal tract
+ Vascular layer of eyeball
+ Uvea
+ Tunica vasculosa of eyeball
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Iris
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tunica interna of eyeball
+ Retina
+ Layer of wall of eyeball which is continuous with optic nerve.
+ Inner layer of eyeball
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Retina layer
+ Layer of retina
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Pigmented layer of retina
+ Stratum pigmentosum (Retina)
+ Outer pigmented layer of retina
+ Retinal pigment epithelium
+ Pigment epithelium of retina
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of head proper
+ Head proper region
+ Head proper subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Head compartment
+ Compartment of head
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Compartment of trunk
+ Trunk compartment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical junction
+ Anatomical structure in which parts of two or more anatomical structures establish physical continuity with one another or intermingle their component parts. Examples: gastroesophageal junction, line alba, knee joint.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Maxillary part of mouth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dental arcade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Internal ear
+ Inner Ear
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ with organ cavity which consists of the vestibular labyrinth and the cochlear labyrinth. Examples: There are only two membranous labyrinths, the right and the left.
+ Membranous labyrinth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Medulla
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Region of membranous labyrinth of internal ear
+ Subdivision of membranous labyrinth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of abdominal compartment
+ Abdominopelvic compartment subdivision
+ Compartment of subdivision of abdomen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Vestibular labyrinth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zone of skin of anterior chest
+ Zone of skin of anterior part of thorax
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zone of skin of pectoral part of chest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Skin of subdivision of breast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Region of pectoral part of chest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lateral part of head
+ Auriculotemporal part of head
+ Side of head proper
+ Subdivision of head proper which consists of the temporal bone and all layers superficial to it, including the pinna. Examples: There are only two canonical instances, right and left auriculotemporal parts of head.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of auriculotemporal part of head
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical entity which has three or fewer spatial dimensions. Examples: hemoglobin molecule, mitochondrion, hepatocyte, erythrocyte, heart, head, blood, urine, peritoneal cavity, diaphragmatic surface of heart, inferior margin of liver, apex of lung.
+ Physical anatomical entity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cardinal segment of brain
+ Brain segment
+ Organ region of brain with one or more fixed or anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: thalamus, midbrain, pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Chorioid plexus
+ Choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere
+ Choroid plexus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the telencephalon, diencephalon, lateral ventricles and third ventricle. Examples: There is only one forebrain.
+ Forebrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Segment of forebrain
+ Forebrain segment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mature diencephalon
+ Between brain
+ Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus. There is only one diencephalon.
+ Diencephalon
+ Interbrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Region of breast
+ Breast subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Central glial cell
+ Central neuroglial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lamina propria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Heterogeneous tissue
+ Portion of heterogeneous tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelium-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MALT
+ Epithelio-lymphoid tissue
+ Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organized mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gastric parietal cell
+ Parietal cell of stomach
+ Parietal cell
+ Oxyntic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelial cell of stomach
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical entity
+ Organismal continuant entity which is enclosed by the bona fide boundary of an organism or is an attribute of its structural organization. Examples: cell, heart, head, peritoneal cavity, apex of lung, anatomical term, sagittal plane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Esophagus mucosa
+ Muscularis mucosae of oesophagus
+ Esophageal mucosa
+ Mucous membrane of oesophagus
+ Oesophageal mucosa
+ Mucosa of esophagus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lamina propria mucosae of esophagus
+ Lamina propria of esophagus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Blood vessel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intestinal villus of duodenum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelium of gastric gland
+ Gastric gland epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelium of principal gastric gland
+ Principal gastric gland epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Pyloric gland epithelium
+ Epithelium of pyloric gland
+
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+
+
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+
+
+ Region of gastric gland
+ Gastric gland region
+
+
+
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+
+
+ Simple squamous epithelium which lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart .
+ Endothelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Microvillus columnar epithelium
+ Simple columnar epithelium in which the luminal side of the cells bears microvilli. Examples: epithelium of small intestine, epithelium of gall bladder.
+ Columnar epithelium with microvilli
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Simple columnar epithelium that constitutes the secretory part of a gland. Examples: epithelium of stomach, luminal epithelium of lactiferous duct.
+ Glandular columnar epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical cluster which consists of all or some members of one or more organ subclasses and one or more organ part subclasses which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: joint, internal ear, pharynx.
+ Heterogeneous cluster
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ part cluster
+ Anatomical cluster which consists of all or some members of one or more organ part subclasses which are grouped together according to some shared attributes. Examples: root of lung, internal nose, soft palate, wall of gut, periorbita.
+
+
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+
+ Anatomical line of spleen
+
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+
+ Somatic cell which has as its part a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell to cell contact and for cell polarity where apical part is directed towards the lumen and the basal part to the basal lamina. It may either contain keratin, vimentin or vimentin-like intermediate filaments.
+ Epitheliocyte
+ Epithelial cell
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Endotheliocyte
+ Endothelial cell
+
+
+
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+
+
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+
+
+
+ Physical anatomical entity which is a three-dimensional space, surface, line or point associated with a material anatomical entity. Examples: body space, surface of heart, costal margin, apex of right lung, anterior compartment of right arm.
+ Immaterial anatomical entity
+ Immaterial physical anatomical entity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Non-physical anatomical entity
+ Anatomical entity which has no spatial dimension. Examples: anatomical term, anatomical relationship, spatial adjacency, anterior.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Material anatomical entity which is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genes that guide its morphogenesis; has inherent 3D shape; its parts are connected and spatially related to one another in patterns determined by coordinated gene expression. Examples: heart, right ventricle, mitral valve, myocardium, endothelium, lymphocyte, fibroblast, thorax, cardiovascular system, hemoglobin, T cell receptor.
+ Biological structure
+ Anatomical structure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Material anatomical entity
+ Physical anatomical entity which has mass. Examples: hemoglobin molecule, mitochondrion, hepatocyte, erythrocyte, heart, head, blood, urine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical structure which has as its direct parts portions of two or more types of tissue or two or more types of cardinal organ part which constitute a maximally connected anatomical structure demarcated predominantly by a bona fide anatomical surface. Examples: femur, biceps, liver, heart, skin, tracheobronchial tree, ovary.
+ Organ
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of cardinal body part
+ Principal body part subdivision
+ Anatomical structure, which is a subdivision of a cardinal body part; it may exclude bones; is demarcated from other subdivisions of the same cardinal body part by anatomical surfaces or lines or topographical references; together with other contiguous subdivisions of the same cardinal body part, it constitutes a cardinal body part. Examples: thorax, perineum, back of neck, forearm, hand, phalanx, nose, auricle of ear, scrotum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ system subdivision
+ Anatomical structure, which consists of a specific set of the members of (predominantly) one organ or organ part subclass interconnected by zones of continuity or body substances; is demarcated from other subdivisions of the same organ system by one or more zones of continuity or anatomical lines; together with other subdivisions of the same organ system, it constitutes an organ system. Examples: rib cage, facial skeleton, portal system, central nervous system, upper respiratory tract, muscle group of back.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cell which has as its direct part a maximally connected part of protoplasm. Examples: hepatocyte, erythroblast, skeletal muscle fiber, megakaryocyte.
+ Nucleated cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical structure, which is a subdivision of tissue demarcated by fiat boundaries. Examples: stratum germinativum, lamina of cerebral cortex.
+ Cardinal tissue part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of epithelium
+ Epithelium subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Stratum basalis of epidermis
+ Stratum basale of epidermis
+ Basal cell layer of epidermis
+ Stratum germinativum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ region
+ Cardinal organ part which is a fiat subdivision of an organ. Examples: lingula of left lung, tail of pancreas, artery, trochanter, nodulus of semilunar valve, right side of heart, duodenum, fundus of stomach.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Endothelial cell of Peyer's patch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+ Teat
+ Subdivision of breast which consists of skin, connective tissue and smooth muscle bundle, modified sebaceous glands and papillary part of lactiferous duct.
+ Papillary part of breast
+ Nipple
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Areola
+ Subdivision of breast which consists of skin, connective tissue and smooth muscle bundle and modified sebaceous glands and which surrounds the nipple.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Male human body
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
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+ Female human body
+
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+
+
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+ Epidermis proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Normal cell
+ Anatomical structure which has as its boundary the external surface of a maximally connected plasma membrane. Examples: lymphocyte, fibroblast, erythrocyte, neuron.
+ Cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C cell of thyroid gland
+ Parafollicular cell of thyroid gland
+ Clear cell of thyroid gland
+ Parafollicular cell
+ Thyroid parafollicular cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Thyroid follicle epithelium
+ Epithelium of thyroid follicle
+ Wall of thyroid follicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Thyroid follicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epidermis proper layer
+ Layer of epidermis proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ecto-epithelium
+ Epithelium that derives from the ectoderm. Examples: epithelium of acinus of lactiferous duct, subscapular lens epithelium, epithelium of posterior surface of cornea.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ecto-epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Endo-epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelial mesenchymal cell
+ Meso-epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Chromaffin cell
+ Phaeochromocyte
+ Pheochromocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Neural cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
+
+
+ Hypodermis
+
+
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Neurecto-epithelial cell
+ Neuroecto-epithelial cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of epidermis
+ Epidermis subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epidermis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Follicular papilla
+ Dermal papilla
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ with cavitated organ parts, which is continuous with the systemic and
+pulmonary arterial and venous trees. Examples: There is only one heart.
+ Heart
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dermoepidermal junction
+ Dermal-epidermal junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dermis subdivision
+ Subdivision of dermis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of papillary layer of dermis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Alimentary system subdivision
+ Subdivision of alimentary system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gastrointestinal system
+ Gastrointestinal tract
+ Gastro-intestinal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ with organ cavity which is continuous superiorly with the pharynx and inferiorly with the stomach. Examples: There is only one esophagus.
+ Gullet
+ Esophagus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Skeleton system
+ Bones
+ Bones set
+ Set of bones
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Glandula
+ Organ component gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Stomach
+ Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the esophagus and distally with the small intestine. Examples: There is only one stomach.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ system
+ Anatomical structure, which has as its direct parts instances of one or more organ types which are interconnected with one another by zones of continuity. Examples: skeletal system, cardiovascular system, alimentary system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Alimentary system
+ Digestive system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cardinal body part
+ Body region
+ Anatomical structure, which has as its direct parts instances of anatomical sets of organs and cardinal organ parts spatially associated with either the skull, vertebral column, or the skeleton of a limb; in their aggregate are surrounded by a part of the skin Examples: Head, body proper, right upper limb.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Head (volume)
+ Cardinal body part, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the skull, it is partially surrounded by skin of head. Examples: There is only one head.
+ Head
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Apparatus respiratorius
+ Organ system which consists of structures involved in respiration.
+ Respiratory system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Systema urinaria
+ Urinary system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ system which consists of the heart, the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous system, the lymphatic and the portal venous system.
+ Cardiovascular system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Skin of body
+ Nonparenchymatous organ that consists of the epidermis, dermis and sets of hair and nails and which surrounds the entire body. Subdivisions of the skin surround various body parts; as a whole, the skin constitutes the external layer of the body. Examples: There is only one skin.
+ Skin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Trunk
+ Subdivision of body proper, which consists of a maximal set of diverse subclasses of organ and organ part spatially associated with the ribcage, thoracic and lumbar vertebral column, sacrum and coccyx, it is partially surrounded by skin of trunk. Examples: There is only one trunk.
+ Torso
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Visual system
+ Visual organ system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Vestibular system
+ Vestibular organ system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Liver
+ Lobular organ which has as its parts lobules connected to the biliary tree. Examples: There is only one liver.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intestine
+ Bowel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ with organ cavity which is continuous proximally with the stomach and distally with the large intestine. Examples: There is only one small intestine.
+ Small bowel
+ Small intestine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Kidney
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Duodenum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epithelial cell of gut
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Diploid cell
+ Nucleated cell which has a diploid set (46 pairs) of chromosomes.
+ Somatic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Orbital part of eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Integumental system
+ Integumentary system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Region of anterior chest
+ Anterior chest subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Breast proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Intrathoracic part of chest
+ Middle chest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consists of the trachea and right and left bronchial trees. Examples: There is only one tracheobronchial tree.
+ Tracheobronchial tree
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Windpipe
+ Trachea
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Haemolymphoid system
+ Hemolymphoid system
+ Lymphomyeloid complex
+ Hematolymphoid system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lymphoid system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lymphoid system subdivision
+ Subdivision of lymphoid system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Non-lymphatic lymphoid system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anterior lobe of pituitary
+ Anterior lobe (hypophysis)
+ Anterior lobe of pituitary gland
+ Adenohypophysis
+ Anterior lobe of hypophysis
+ Pituitary gland, anterior lobe
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The integument
+ Organ system subdivision which consists of the skin and the superficial fascia. Examples: There is only one integument.
+ Integument
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tracheal wall
+ Wall of trachea
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tunica mucosa (tracheae)
+ Tracheal mucous membrane
+ Mucous membrane of trachea
+ Mucosa of trachea
+ Tracheal mucosa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Musculoskeletal system
+ Musculo-skeletal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucosa of dorsum of tongue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sphincter muscle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Epiphyseal plate
+ Growth plate
+ Epiphysial plate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Body compartment
+ Compartment of trunk, which is embryologically derived from the intraembryonic celom; is located in the trunk, is enclosed by the body wall; contains serous sacs, viscera and other organs. Examples: There is only one body cavity.
+ Compartment of trunk proper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Spiral organ
+ Spiral organ of Corti
+ Spiral organ of cochlea
+ Organ of Corti
+ Cochlear spiral organ
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Pancreatic islets
+ Islets of Langerhans
+ Pancreatic islets set
+ Set of pancreatic islets
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Region of ventricular system of brain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Third ventricle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Set of organ components
+ Organ components set
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Set of organ system subdivisions
+ Organ system subdivisions set
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Heteregenous clusters
+ Heterogeneous clusters set
+ Set of heterogeneous clusters
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Thoracic content
+ Content of thorax
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mediastinal content
+ Content of mediastinum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Inferior mediastinal content
+ Content of inferior mediastinum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Content of middle mediastinum
+ Middle mediastinal content
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lymphomyeloid tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cardinal organ part
+ anatomical structure which has as its direct parts two or more types of tissue and is continuous with one or more anatomical structures likewise constituted by two or more portions of tissues distinct from those of their complement. Examples: osteon, cortical bone, neck of femur, bronchopulmonary segment, left lobe of liver, anterior right side of heart, interventricular branch of left coronary artery, right atrium, mitral valve, head of pancreas.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical organ component of a lobular organ.
+ Lobular organ component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of organ
+ Anatomical organ component enclosing an organ cavity.
+ Organ wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ component layer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wall of upper gastrointestinal tract
+ Upper gastrointestinal tract wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ component which is part of the brain or spinal cord.
+ Organ component of neuraxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lamina propria of zone of small intestine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ System term
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Thoracic content subdivision
+ Subdivision of thoracic content
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Compartment of thorax
+ Body compartment subdivision which consists of the mediastinum, and the right pleuropulmonary compartment, the left pleuropulmonary compartment.
+ Thoracic compartment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of thoracic compartment
+ Thoracic compartment subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Abdominal compartment
+ Compartment of abdomen
+ Abdominopelvic compartment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Compartment of pelvis
+ Pelvic compartment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Muscle organ component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucous membrane
+ Organ mucosa
+ Mucosa of organ
+ Mucosa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucosal region
+ Mucosa of organ part
+ Region of mucosa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mucosa of zone of small intestine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of skeletal system
+ Skeletal system subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Attribute entity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Region of organ component
+ Organ component region
+ Cardinal organ part which is a fiat subdivision of an organ component. Examples: cervical part of wall of esophagus, mucosa of body of stomach.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Region of wall of small intestine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Region of wall of stomach
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ region with fixed fiat boundary
+ Organ segment
+ Segment of organ
+ Organ region with one or more anchored fiat boundaries. Examples: artery, trunk of nerve, cervical part of esophagus, pelvic part of vagina, horn of thyroid cartilage, anterior segment of eyeball.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Zone of skin
+ Skin zone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Region of wall of tracheobronchial tree
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Meso-epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper. Examples: There is only one thorax.
+ Thorax
+ Chest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the thorax internally by the inferior surface of the sternocostal part of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin, from the back of abdomen by the external surface of the posterior abdominal wall, from the perineum by the superior surface of the urogenital diaphragm and from the lower limbs by the inguinal folds; together with the thorax, and perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper. Examples: There is only one abdomen.
+ Abdomen
+ Abdominopelvis
+ Abdominopelvic region
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Pelvis
+ Lesser pelvis
+ Subdivision of abdomen, which is demarcated from the abdomen proper by the plane of the superior pelvic aperture, and from the perineum by the inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm; together with the abdomen proper, it constitutes the abdomen. Examples: There is only one pelvis.
+ True pelvis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Glandula exocrina
+ Exocrine gland
+ Ducted gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mammary part of chest
+ Subdivision of the pectoral part of the chest which consists of the nipple, areola and breast proper.
+ Mammary region
+ Breast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of ductless, glandular follicles filled with colloid. Examples: thyroid gland proper, accessory thyroid gland, lingual thyroid gland.
+ Thyroid gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Adrenal gland
+ Suprarenal gland
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tissue
+ Portion of tissue
+ Anatomical structure which has as its parts cells of predominantly one type with or without intercellular matrix. Examples: epithelium, muscle tissue, connective tissue, neural tissue, lymphoid tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Portion of epithelium
+ Epithelial tissue
+ Tissue, which consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells and a basement membrane; it covers the external surface of the body and lines the internal surfaces of the anatomical structures. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium.
+ Epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Portion of connective tissue
+ Connective tissue
+ Tissue which consists of fibroblasts, osteocytes or chondrocytes and intercellular matrix produced by these cells. Examples: bone (tissue), dense regular elastic tissue, areolar tissue, neuroglia, adipose tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical cluster, which consists of anatomical compartment space and the contents of the space. Examples: mediastinal part of chest, anterior compartment of forearm, palm of hand(compartment), intercostal space, vertebral canal
+ Anatomical compartment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Anatomical boundary entity which has one spatial dimension. Examples: margin of tongue, posterior border of right lung, inferior margin of liver, arcuate line of hip bone, sulcus terminalis of heart, pancreatic incisure.
+ Anatomical line
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hemopoietic system
+ Hematopoietic system
+ Organa haemopoietica
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Endocrine system
+ Systema endocrinum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Body substance
+ Portion of body substance
+ Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state, with or without the admixture of cells and biological macromolecules; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures. Examples: saliva, semen, cerebrospinal fluid, respiratory air, urine, feces, blood, plasma, lymph.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Blood
+ Body substance which consists of plasma and blood cells
+ Portion of blood
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ with organ cavity, which has as parts a serous membrane and a serous cavity . Examples: pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.
+ Serous sac
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organizational pattern
+ Structural relation which holds between an anatomical structure and some organizational pattern.
+ Has_organizational pattern
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mediastinum
+ Subdivsion of thoracic compartment which has as its parts the superior mediastinum and inferior mediastinum.
+ Mediastinal part of chest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Inferior mediastinum
+ Inferior mediastinal part of chest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Middle mediastinal part of chest
+ Middle mediastinum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Pericardial sac
+ Serous sac, which has as parts the serous pericardium and the pericardial cavity . Examples: There is only one pericardial sac.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Organ cluster which has as its parts the fibrous pericardium and the pericardial sac.
+ Pericardium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/go.owl b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/go.owl
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5ae52df3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/go.owl
@@ -0,0 +1,407297 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+]>
+
+
+
+
+ 1.2
+ Fri May 15 12:11:00 CEST 2009
+ ONTO-PERL
+ cvs version: $Revision: 1.613 $
+ gene_ontology
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_goa
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_pombe
+ goslim_yeast
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrion inheritance
+
+
+ mitochondrial inheritance
+ biological_process
+ The distribution of mitochondria, including the mitochondrial genome, into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial genome maintenance
+
+ The maintenance of the structure and integrity of the mitochondrial genome; includes replication and segregation of the mitochondrial chromosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproduction
+
+ goslim_generic
+ biological_process
+ The production by an organism of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism.
+ Wikipedia:Reproduction
+ reproductive physiological process
+ GO:0050876
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_plant
+ GO:0019952
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuole inheritance
+
+
+ The distribution of vacuoles into daughter cells after mitosis or meiosis, mediated by interactions between vacuoles and the cytoskeleton.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single strand break repair
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The repair of single strand breaks in DNA. Repair of such breaks is mediated by the same enzyme systems as are used in base excision repair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphopyruvate hydratase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ enolase complex
+ A multimeric enzyme complex, usually a dimer or an octamer, that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate and water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-glucoside transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of alpha-glucosides into, out of, within or between cells. Alpha-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar moiety is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in an alpha configuration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination, a process by which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of recombination within rDNA repeats
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic spindle elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle elongation during mitosis
+ Lengthening of the distance between poles of the mitotic spindle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maltose metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ maltose metabolism
+ malt sugar metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose), an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch.
+ malt sugar metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maltose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose).
+ malt sugar biosynthesis
+ maltose biosynthesis
+ maltose anabolism
+ maltose formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ maltose synthesis
+ malt sugar biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maltose catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:MALTOSECAT-PWY
+ maltose degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the disaccharide maltose (4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose).
+ biological_process
+ maltose hydrolysis
+ gosubset_prok
+ malt sugar catabolic process
+ maltose breakdown
+ malt sugar catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal large subunit assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the large ribosomal subunit.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal small subunit assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form the small ribosomal subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall mannoprotein biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall mannoprotein biosynthesis
+ cell wall mannoprotein formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall mannoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid.
+ cell wall mannoprotein anabolism
+ cell wall mannoprotein synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ very-long-chain fatty acid metabolic process
+
+ very-long-chain fatty acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids with a chain length of C18 or greater.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low-affinity iron ion transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed, low-affinity movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of, within or between cells. In low affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is only present at very low concentrations.
+ low affinity iron ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transition metal ion transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ transition metal transport
+ The directed movement of transition metal ions into, out of, within or between cells. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting to Golgi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-Golgi targeting
+ The process of directing proteins towards the Golgi; usually uses signals contained within the protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagic vacuole formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ PAS formation
+ autophagic vacuole assembly
+ The formation of a double membrane-bounded structure, the autophagosome, that occurs when a specialized membrane sac, called the isolation membrane, starts to enclose a portion of the cytoplasm.
+ autophagosome biosynthesis
+ autophagosome formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagic vacuole fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The fusion of an autophagic vacuole with a vacuole (yeast) or lysosome (e.g. mammals and insects). In the case of yeast, inner membrane-bounded structures (autophagic bodies) appear in the vacuole.
+ biological_process
+ fusion of autophagosome with lysosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urea cycle
+
+ Reactome:280393
+ Reactome:268232
+ Reactome:70635
+ urea biosynthesis
+ Wikipedia:Urea_cycle
+ Reactome:237981
+ Reactome:292335
+ Reactome:211547
+ urea biosynthetic process
+ GO:0006594
+ Reactome:262258
+ Reactome:221324
+ Reactome:293622
+ Reactome:290323
+ Reactome:273914
+ Reactome:229964
+ Reactome:286409
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:282778
+ Reactome:289764
+ Reactome:252354
+ Reactome:244600
+ Reactome:258881
+ Reactome:291648
+ Reactome:249543
+ ornithine cycle
+ Reactome:288203
+ A cyclic metabolic pathway that converts waste nitrogen in the form of ammonium to urea.
+ Reactome:255509
+ GO:0006871
+ Reactome:265108
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ citrulline metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ citrulline metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ argininosuccinate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ argininosuccinate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving argininosuccinate, 2-(N(omega)-arginino)succinate, an intermediate in the ornithine-urea cycle, where it is synthesized from citrulline and aspartate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosome export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosome-nucleus export
+ The directed movement of a ribosome from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
+ ribosome transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ biological_process
+ ribosome export from cell nucleus
+ ribosome export out of nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus
+
+ ribosomal large subunit export from cell nucleus
+ GO:0000057
+ ribosomal large subunit export out of nucleus
+ ribosomal large subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a ribosomal large subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
+ ribosomal large subunit-nucleus export
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus
+
+ GO:0000058
+ ribosomal small subunit export out of nucleus
+ ribosomal small subunit-nucleus export
+ ribosomal small subunit export from cell nucleus
+ The directed movement of a ribosomal small subunit from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
+ biological_process
+ ribosomal small subunit transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into nucleus, docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-nucleus import, docking
+ protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus, docking
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the nuclear localization signal of a protein with nuclear envelope proteins such as importins.
+ biological_process
+ protein docking during protein-nucleus import
+ protein docking during protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ protein docking during protein import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into nucleus, translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein translocation during protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ The vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore and across the nuclear envelope.
+ protein translocation during protein import into nucleus
+ protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus, translocation
+ biological_process
+ protein import into cell nucleus, translocation
+ protein-nucleus import, translocation
+ protein translocation during protein-nucleus import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into nucleus, substrate release
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein substrate release during protein import into nucleus
+ The disaggregation of a protein complex composed of the nuclear localization sequence and the importin alpha, and importin beta proteins.
+ protein-nucleus import, substrate release
+ protein substrate release during protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ protein import into cell nucleus, substrate release
+ biological_process
+ protein substrate release during protein-nucleus import
+ protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus, substrate release
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial ornithine transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic sister chromatid segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic sister-chromatid adhesion release
+ biological_process
+ mitotic chromosome segregation
+ GO:0016359
+ The cell cycle process whereby replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ M phase specific microtubule process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ M-phase specific microtubule process
+ biological_process
+ A microtubule-based process that occurs only during M phase of the cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole body separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole body separation (sensu Fungi)
+ A largely uncharacterized process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane. Duplicated SPBs are connected by a bridge structure that may be severed in order to release the SPBs from one another. Following liberation, SPBs diffuse through the nuclear membrane until they are across from each other. SPB separation must take place in order for a bipolar mitotic spindle to assemble.
+ spindle pole body separation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ biological_process
+ GO:0030475
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle checkpoint
+
+ Reactome:282912
+ Reactome:262557
+ Reactome:221853
+ Reactome:252621
+ Reactome:274237
+ Wikipedia:Cell_cycle_checkpoint
+ Reactome:255806
+ Reactome:245004
+ Reactome:286730
+ Reactome:230421
+ Reactome:69620
+ Reactome:265381
+ Reactome:259199
+ Reactome:249905
+ Reactome:268515
+ The cell cycle regulatory process by which progression through the cycle can be halted until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.
+ Reactome:212094
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:238463
+ Reactome:280705
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication checkpoint
+
+
+ A signal transduction based surveillance mechanism that prevents the initiation of mitosis until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA damage checkpoint
+
+
+ A signal transduction pathway, induced by DNA damage, that blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slows the rate at which S phase proceeds.
+ Wikipedia:Postreplication_checkpoint
+ biological_process
+ DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest
+ Wikipedia:DNA_damage_checkpoint
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell morphogenesis checkpoint
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle checkpoint observed when aspects of polarity control are defective, which maintains coordination between the process of cellular morphogenesis and the nuclear events of the cell cycle. For example, in budding yeast cell-cycle delay or arrest is induced when aspects of bud formation are defective.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+
+
+ regulation of CDK activity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:230372
+ Reactome:221797
+ Reactome:238411
+ Reactome:212033
+ Reactome:69236
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the mitotic cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:274174
+ Reactome:238403
+ Reactome:212021
+ Reactome:262495
+ Reactome:265325
+ Reactome:268498
+ Reactome:259140
+ Progression from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
+ Reactome:252607
+ Reactome:291794
+ Reactome:288375
+ Reactome:293774
+ Reactome:289876
+ Reactome:244953
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:230362
+ Reactome:255745
+ Reactome:69206
+ Reactome:249850
+ Reactome:282899
+ Reactome:286666
+ Reactome:280647
+ Reactome:221784
+ Reactome:290408
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription of G1/S-phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G1/S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter of G1/S-phase of mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ G1/S-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:69205
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through S phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:274099
+ Reactome:68911
+ Reactome:268392
+ Reactome:221655
+ Reactome:238281
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:280573
+ Reactome:211891
+ Reactome:249746
+ Reactome:244852
+ Reactome:230246
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the mitotic cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:280644
+ Reactome:255721
+ Reactome:69275
+ Reactome:238398
+ Reactome:286663
+ Reactome:230316
+ Reactome:221737
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:211972
+ Progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
+ Reactome:262473
+ Reactome:274171
+ Reactome:252543
+ Reactome:244912
+ Reactome:268466
+ Reactome:265322
+ Reactome:249804
+ Reactome:259114
+ Reactome:282855
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ M phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:252596
+ Reactome:265359
+ Reactome:249877
+ Reactome:286702
+ Reactome:230379
+ Reactome:255795
+ Reactome:212043
+ Reactome:259176
+ Reactome:268488
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:221806
+ Reactome:238418
+ M-phase of mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:244995
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through M phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis takes place.
+ Reactome:282892
+ Reactome:262532
+ Reactome:68886
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic prophase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:262475
+ Reactome:286639
+ Reactome:249807
+ Reactome:230322
+ Reactome:244917
+ Reactome:259116
+ Reactome:252546
+ Reactome:68875
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through prophase, the initial stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes are condensed but are not yet attached to a mitotic spindle.
+ Reactome:268434
+ Reactome:211977
+ Reactome:255723
+ Reactome:238359
+ Reactome:221742
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic metaphase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Progression through metaphase, the stage of mitosis at which chromosomes are firmly attached to the mitotic spindle at its equator but have not yet segregated to opposite poles.
+ Reactome:68879
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic anaphase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:68882
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through anaphase, the stage of mitosis during which the two sets of chromosomes separate and move away from each other.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic anaphase A
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through anaphase A, the part of mitotic anaphase in which the kinetochore microtubules shorten as chromosomes move toward the spindle poles.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic anaphase B
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through anaphase B, the part of mitotic anaphase in which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic telophase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through telophase, the last of the stages of mitosis; in the canonical cell cycle, telophase begins when the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, homocysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ sulfur amino acid metabolism
+ sulphur amino acid metabolic process
+ sulphur amino acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfur amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ sulfur amino acid synthesis
+ sulfur amino acid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ sulfur amino acid anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.
+ biological_process
+ sulfur amino acid formation
+ sulphur amino acid biosynthesis
+ sulphur amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfur amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing sulfur, comprising cysteine, methionine and selenocysteine.
+ sulfur amino acid breakdown
+ sulfur amino acid degradation
+ sulphur amino acid catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ sulfur amino acid catabolism
+ sulphur amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfur amino acid transport
+
+ sulphur amino acid transport
+ The directed movement of amino acids containing sulfur (cystine, methionine and their derivatives) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfate assimilation
+
+ sulphate assimilation
+ biological_process
+ The pathways by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds.
+ gosubset_prok
+ sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulfur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
+ sulphate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulphate reduction by an oxidoreductase, acting on sulphur group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
+ GO:0019378
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ histidine biosynthesis
+ histidine formation
+ MetaCyc:HISTSYN-PWY
+ histidine anabolism
+ histidine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ repairosome
+
+ A stable complex of proteins that carry out the DNA damage recognition and incision reactions characteristic of nucleotide excision repair (NER), such as DNA damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at sites flanking damaged DNA; includes TFIIH subunits and additional polypeptides; may form in the absence of DNA damage.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair complex
+
+
+ Any complex formed of proteins that act in nucleotide-excision repair.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that process information is included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair factor 1 complex
+
+ Note that process and function information are included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
+ XPA-ERCC1-ERCC4 complex
+ NEF1 complex
+ cellular_component
+ One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and endodeoxynuclease activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad1p, Rad10p, and Rad14p; in human the subunits are ERCC4/XPF, ERCC1 and XPA, respectively.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair factor 2 complex
+
+ One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad4p and Rad23p.
+ NEF2 complex
+ Note that process and function information are included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses endodeoxynuclease and DNA helicase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad2p and the core TFIIH-Ssl2p complex (Core TFIIH is composed of Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p, and Tfb4p. Note that Ssl2p is also called Rad25p).
+ NEF3 complex
+ Note that process and function information are included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair factor 4 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and DNA-dependent ATPase activities. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad7p and Rad16p.
+ Note that process and function information are included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
+ NEF4 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription during G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G1 phase of cell cycle
+ G1-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription during S-phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during S-phase of mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:69241
+ S-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
+ S-phase-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription during G2-phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G2 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II during G2-phase of mitotic cell cycle
+ G2-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription during G2/M-phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G2/M-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
+ Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G2/M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:69274
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G2/M-phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone deacetylase complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that possesses histone deacetylase activity.
+ HDAC complex
+ Note that this term represents a location, not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function of this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'histone deacetylase activity ; GO:0004407'.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mediator complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S mediator complex
+ Wikipedia:Mediator_(coactivator)
+ TRAP complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that enables the RNA polymerase II-general RNA polymerase II transcription factor complex to react to transcriptional activator proteins; also enhances the level of basal transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA polymerase I transcription factor complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone acetyltransferase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term represents a location, not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function of this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'histone acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0004402'.
+ A protein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity.
+ histone acetylase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SAGA complex
+
+ A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Spt8 (in budding yeast) or a homolog thereof; additional polypeptides include Spt group, consisting of Spt7, Spt3, and Spt20/Ada5, which interact with the TATA-binding protein (TBP); the Ada group, consisting of Ada1, Ada2, Ada3, Ada4/Gcn5, and Ada5/Spt20, which is functionally linked to the nucleosomal HAT activity; Tra1, an ATM/PI-3 kinase-related protein that targets DNA-bound activators for recruitment to promoters; the TBP-associated factor (TAF) proteins, consisting of Taf5, Taf6, Taf9, Taf10, and Taf12, which mediate nucleosomal HAT activity and are thought to help recruit the basal transcription machinery.
+ cellular_component
+ Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PCAF complex
+
+ PCAF histone acetylase-associated complex
+ See also the cellular component term 'SAGA complex ; GO:0000124'.
+ A large multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity and is involved in regulation of transcription. The composition is similar to that of the SAGA complex, but includes fewer Spt and Ada proteins, and more TAFs.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIIIB complex
+
+ A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIB contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and two Pol III-specific proteins, B'' and BRF.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIIIC complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIC contains three conserved subunits that associate with the proximal Pol III promoter element, and additional subunits that associate with sequence elements downstream of the promoter and are more diverged among species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flocculation
+
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ The non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.
+ Wikipedia:Flocculation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ incipient cellular bud site
+
+ The portion of the budding yeast plasma membrane where a daughter cell will emerge. The yeast marks this spot with bud-site selection proteins before bud emergence occurs. Actin is polarized to this spot just prior to and during bud emergence.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of mitotic spindle orientation
+
+
+ mitotic spindle orientation
+ establishment of spindle orientation during mitosis
+ mitotic spindle orientation (sensu Fungi)
+ orienting of mitotic spindle
+ GO:0030607
+ GO:0030609
+ A cell cycle process that sets the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.
+ mitotic spindle orientation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polarisome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ Protein complex that plays a role in determining cell polarity by directing the localized assembly of actin filaments at polarization sites; in Saccharomyces the polarisome includes Bni1p, Spa2p, Pea2p, and Bud6p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin checkpoint
+
+ A cell cycle checkpoint that detects septin defects and responds by inhibiting the mitotic CDK. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, correct formation of a functional septin cytoskeleton permits the cell to switch to isotropic bud growth and the onset of mitotic chromosome segregation. In the presence of septin defects, the mitotic CDK is inhibited and both the switch to isotropic bud growth and the onset of mitotic chromosome segregation is delayed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A large, multiprotein complex with alpha-1,6 mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi cis cisterna
+
+ cellular_component
+ The Golgi cisterna closest to the endoplasmic reticulum; the first processing compartment through which proteins pass after export from the ER.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi trans cisterna
+
+ cellular_component
+ The Golgi cisterna farthest from the endoplasmic reticulum; the final processing compartment through which proteins pass before exiting the Golgi apparatus; the compartment in which N-linked protein glycosylation is completed.
+ late Golgi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud neck contractile ring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actomyosin ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ contractile ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ cellular_component
+ A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck in mitotic cells that divide by budding in preparation for completing cytokinesis.
+ cytokinetic ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ neck ring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud neck septin ring
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ring-shaped structure that forms at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. In S. cerevisiae, this structure forms at the time of bud emergence and the septins show a high rate of exchange.
+ septin ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exocyst
+
+
+ Sec6/8 complex
+ A protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where secretory vesicles dock and fuse. At least eight complex components are conserved between yeast and mammals.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Exocyst
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin cortical patch assembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Assembly of an actin cortical patch, a discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane of fungal cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,3-beta-glucan synthase complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a glucose moiety from UDP-glucose to a 1,3-beta-D-glucan chain.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) and other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA modification
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ rRNA editing
+ The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an rRNA molecule to produce an rRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0016548
+ The term 'RNA editing' (GO:0016547) was merged into 'RNA modification' (GO:0009451) on the basis of statements in the preface of Modification and Editing of RNA (ISBN:1555811337) that there is no clear distinction between modification and editing. Parallel changes were made for substrate (e.g. tRNA, rRNA, etc.) specific child terms of 'RNA editing'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein phosphatase type 2A complex
+
+
+ A heterodimer with protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity that is polycation-stimulated (PCS), being directly stimulated by protamine, polylysine, or histone H1; it constitutes a subclass of several enzymes activated by different histones and polylysine, and consists of catalytic and regulatory subunits.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay)
+
+ biological_process
+ A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins.
+ histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MAPKKK cascade involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ osmolarity sensing, MAPKKK cascade
+ MAPKKK cascade involved in signal transduction in response to change in osmotic conditions.
+ MAPKKK cascade during osmolarity sensing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tryptophan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, anthranilate pathway
+ tryptophan biosynthesis
+ GO:0009096
+ tryptophan synthesis
+ tryptophan anabolism
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:TRPSYN-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid; tryptophan is synthesized from chorismate via anthranilate.
+ tryptophan formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein phosphatase type 1 complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that possesses magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) activity, and consists of a catalytic subunit and one or more regulatory subunits that dictates the phosphatase's substrate specificity, function, and activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MAPKKK cascade
+
+ Reactome:244909
+ MAPKKK cascade during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ Reactome:211967
+ Reactome:109869
+ Reactome:249802
+ Reactome:238351
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:286727
+ MAPK cascade
+ Reactome:262555
+ Reactome:252619
+ MAP kinase kinase kinase cascade
+ Reactome:268509
+ Reactome:259197
+ Wikipedia:Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase
+ MAPK signalling
+ Reactome:221732
+ MAPKKK cascade during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
+ ERK/MAPK cascade
+ Cascade of at least three protein kinase activities culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase. MAPKKK cascades lie downstream of numerous signaling pathways.
+ Reactome:274234
+ Wikipedia:MAPK_cascade
+ Reactome:230313
+ MAP kinase cascade
+ Reactome:255804
+ Reactome:280703
+ MAPK signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAPKKK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAP kinase kinase kinase activity during osmolarity sensing
+ osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPKKK activity
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase during osmolarity sensing.
+ activation of MAPKKK activity during osmolarity sensing
+ osmolarity sensing, activation of MAP kinase kinase kinase activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAPKK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase during osmolarity sensing.
+ activation of MAPKK activity during osmolarity sensing
+ activation of MAP kinase kinase activity during osmolarity sensing
+ biological_process
+ GO:0007233
+ osmolarity sensing, activation of MAP kinase kinase activity
+ activation of Pbs2 kinase
+ osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPKK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAPK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ osmolarity sensing, activation of MAPK activity
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase activity during osmolarity sensing.
+ activation of MAPK activity during osmolarity sensing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonuclease MRP complex
+
+ ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing complex
+ cellular_component
+ A ribonucleoprotein complex that cleaves the rRNA precursor as part of rRNA transcript processing. It also has other roles: In S. cerevisiae it is involved in cell cycle-regulated degradation of daughter cell-specific mRNAs, while in mammalian cells it also enters the mitochondria and processes RNAs to create RNA primers for DNA replication.
+ RNase MRP complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inactivation of MAPK activity involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osmolarity sensing, termination of MAPK activity
+ termination of MAPK activity during osmolarity sensing
+ biological_process
+ osmolarity sensing, inactivation of MAPK
+ inactivation of MAPK activity during osmolarity sensing
+ Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase during osmolarity sensing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear exosome (RNase complex)
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ eukaryotic exosome multienzyme ribonuclease complex
+ nuclear exosome (ribonuclease complex)
+ nuclear exosome multienzyme ribonuclease complex
+ Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases found in the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic exosome (RNase complex)
+
+
+ Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases found in the cytoplasm.
+ prokaryotic exosome multienzyme ribonuclease complex
+ cellular_component
+ cytoplasmic exosome (ribonuclease complex)
+ cytoplasmic exosome multienzyme ribonuclease complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exosome (RNase complex)
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'exosome' used in the context of vesicles released from multivesicular bodies.
+ Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases.
+ exosome multienzyme ribonuclease complex
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ exosome (ribonucleasease complex)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin silencing at rDNA
+
+ biological_process
+ Repression of transcription of ribosomal DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
+ chromatin silencing at ribosomal DNA
+ heterochromatic silencing at rDNA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
+
+ The nonsense-mediated decay pathway for nuclear-transcribed mRNAs degrades mRNAs in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins.
+ mRNA degradation, nonsense-mediated decay
+ Wikipedia:Nonsense-mediated_mRNA_decay
+ mRNA breakdown, nonsense-mediated decay
+ mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated
+ biological_process
+ nuclear mRNA catabolic process, nonsense-mediated decay
+ Wikipedia:Nonsense-mediated_decay
+ mRNA catabolism, nonsense-mediated
+ nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAPKKK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAPKKK during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase.
+ biological_process
+ activation of MAPKKK during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ positive regulation of MAPKKK activity
+ positive regulation of MAP kinase kinase kinase activity
+ activation of MAP kinase kinase kinase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAPKK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:110049
+ The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase by phosphorylation by a MAPKKK.
+ GO:0007255
+ positive regulation of MAPKK activity
+ activation of MAP kinase kinase activity
+ Reactome:238032
+ Reactome:244648
+ Reactome:249583
+ activation of MAPKK during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ Reactome:211601
+ activation of MAPKK during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:230014
+ activation of MAP/ERK kinase kinase
+ Reactome:221376
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAPK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAPK during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ Reactome:280656
+ Reactome:268461
+ Reactome:212039
+ MAPK activation
+ Reactome:286675
+ Reactome:244963
+ Reactome:112409
+ Reactome:252574
+ Reactome:230377
+ activation of MAP kinase
+ Reactome:249842
+ Reactome:255755
+ Reactome:259149
+ Reactome:221803
+ Reactome:262506
+ Reactome:274183
+ The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase by phosphorylation by a MAPKK.
+ activation of MAPK during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
+ Reactome:238416
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inactivation of MAPK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inactivation of MAPK during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
+ Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase.
+ biological_process
+ inactivation of MAPK during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ termination of MAPK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear translocation of MAPK
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:273179
+ Reactome:254943
+ Reactome:109867
+ Reactome:236573
+ Reactome:243599
+ Reactome:279660
+ Reactome:228351
+ Reactome:267714
+ Reactome:248698
+ Reactome:285768
+ Reactome:236568
+ Reactome:267717
+ Reactome:251790
+ Reactome:273186
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:251793
+ Reactome:258208
+ Reactome:279666
+ Reactome:261726
+ Reactome:261729
+ Reactome:112353
+ Reactome:209896
+ Reactome:109868
+ Reactome:254938
+ The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus upon activation.
+ Reactome:228348
+ Reactome:243605
+ Reactome:285771
+ Reactome:248703
+ Reactome:209891
+ Reactome:258211
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MAPKKK cascade during cell wall biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall biogenesis, MAPKKK cascade
+ Cascade of at least three protein kinase activities culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase that occurs during cell wall biogenesis, the assembly and arrangement of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAPKKK activity during cell wall biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAP kinase kinase kinase activity during cell wall biogenesis
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase during cell wall biogenesis, the assembly and arrangement of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells.
+ cell wall biogenesis, activation of MAPKKK activity
+ cell wall biogenesis, activation of MAP kinase kinase kinase activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAPKK activity during cell wall biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase during cell wall biogenesis, the assembly and arrangement of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells.
+ activation of MAP kinase kinase activity during cell wall biogenesis
+ cell wall biogenesis, activation of MAPKK activity
+ biological_process
+ cell wall biogenesis, activation of MAP kinase kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of MAPK activity during cell wall biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall biogenesis, activation of MAPK activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase during cell wall biogenesis, the assembly and arrangement of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inactivation of MAPK activity during cell wall biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall biogenesis, termination of MAPK activity
+ cell wall biogenesis, inactivation of MAPK activity
+ termination of MAPK activity during cell wall biogenesis
+ Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase during cell wall biogenesis, the assembly and arrangement of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear translocation of MAPK during cell wall biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall biogenesis, nuclear translocation of MAPK
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus during cell wall biogenesis, the assembly and arrangement of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear translocation of MAPK involved in osmosensory signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a MAP kinase to the nucleus during osmolarity sensing.
+ nuclear translocation of MAPK during osmolarity sensing
+ osmolarity sensing, nuclear translocation of MAPK
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein polyubiquitination
+
+ polyubiquitin
+ Addition of multiple ubiquitin moieties to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain.
+ protein polyubiquitinylation
+ protein polyubiquitylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic spindle organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic spindle organisation and biogenesis
+ spindle organization and biogenesis during meiosis
+ meiotic spindle organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA-intron endonuclease complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ M/G1 transition of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:255800
+ Reactome:262551
+ Reactome:230342
+ Reactome:286652
+ Reactome:274161
+ Reactome:221761
+ Reactome:280634
+ Reactome:265375
+ Reactome:68874
+ Reactome:244933
+ Reactome:252623
+ Reactome:238378
+ Reactome:259165
+ Reactome:211997
+ Reactome:249898
+ Progression from M phase to G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this domain often consists of five subunits, although in some mammalian tissues it may have an additional subunit.
+ The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.
+ cellular_component
+ vacuolar hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V0 domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ vacuolar hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V1 domain
+ The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the vacuolar membrane.
+ Note that this domain generally consists of eight subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V0 domain
+ The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the plasma membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ plasma membrane hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V1 domain
+ The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule cytoskeleton organization
+
+
+ microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
+ microtubule dynamics
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear chromosome
+
+
+ nuclear interphase chromosome
+ goslim_generic
+ A chromosome found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic chromosome
+
+
+ goslim_generic
+ A chromosome found in the cytoplasm.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytoplasmic interphase chromosome
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astral microtubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic prometaphase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:68877
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through prometaphase, the stage following prophase in mitosis (in higher eukaryotes) during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leptotene
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Meiosis
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which chromosomes first become visible.
+ Wikipedia:Leptotene
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zygotene
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Zygotene
+ Wikipedia:Meiosis
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the second stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pachytene
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Meiosis
+ Wikipedia:Pachytene
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the third stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diplotene
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the fourth stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Diplotene
+ Wikipedia:Meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diakinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Meiosis
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the final stage of prophase I in meiosis; the transition to meiotic metaphase I.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Diakinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pericentriolar material
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A network of small fibers that surrounds the centrioles in cells; contains the microtubule nucleating activity of the centrosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ commitment complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ E complex
+ The first portion of the spliceosome to assemble in mRNA splicing; in commitment complex formation the 5' and 3' splice sites are recognized by the U1 snRNP and the U2 snRNP auxiliary factor, respectively.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ assembly of spliceosomal tri-snRNP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0000351
+ GO:0000355
+ spliceosomal tri-snRNP assembly
+ The formation of a tri-snRNP complex containing U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs and U5 snRNAs and associated proteins. This includes reannealing of U4 and U6 (or U4atac and U6atac) snRNAs released from previous rounds of splicing to reform the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) as well as the subsequent association of the U5 snRNP with the U4/U6 snRNP (or U4atac/U6atac snRNP) to form a tri-snRNP that is ready to reassemble into another spliceosome complex.
+ assembly of spliceosomal tri-snRNP U4atac/U6atac.U5
+ snRNP recycling
+ spliceosomal tri-snRNP U4/U6.U5 assembly
+ spliceosomal tri-snRNP U4atac/U6atac.U5 assembly
+ assembly of spliceosomal tri-snRNP U4/U6.U5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spliceosome assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the spliceosome, a ribonucleoprotein apparatus that catalyzes nuclear mRNA splicing via transesterification reactions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ allantoin metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, an intermediate or end product of purine catabolism.
+ biological_process
+ allantoin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ allantoin catabolic process
+
+
+ allantoin breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ allantoin catabolism
+ allantoin degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial DNA
+ mitochondrial genome
+ A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell.
+ mtDNA
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial fission
+
+
+ mitochondrial proliferation
+ The division of a mitochondrion within a cell to form two or more separate mitochondrial compartments.
+ mitochondrial division
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell fraction
+
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
+ A generic term for parts of cells prepared by disruptive biochemical techniques.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan metabolic process
+
+ GO:0009284
+ peptidoglycan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ murein metabolic process
+ murein metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found only in bacterial cell walls and consisting of strands of glycosaminoglycan cross-linked by oligopeptides to form a huge and rigid network.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polysaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ polysaccharide formation
+ polysaccharide synthesis
+ polysaccharide biosynthesis
+ glycan biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycan biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages.
+ biological_process
+ polysaccharide anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polysaccharide catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ polysaccharide catabolism
+ polysaccharide degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages.
+ biological_process
+ polysaccharide breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lipoic acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid, a coenzyme involved in oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk (sensu Eukaryota)
+ One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1) (sensu Eukaryota)
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F1 sector
+ cellular_component
+ The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.
+ See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial inner membrane ; GO:0005743'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o) (sensu Eukaryota)
+ All non-F1 subunits of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral mitochondrial inner membrane proteins.
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(0) (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F0 sector
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic cell cycle
+
+ Reactome:280680
+ Reactome:244991
+ Reactome:291802
+ Reactome:259188
+ Reactome:274210
+ Reactome:212083
+ Reactome:293782
+ Reactome:252608
+ Reactome:290421
+ Reactome:255794
+ Reactome:288392
+ Reactome:286715
+ Reactome:282900
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:249871
+ Reactome:265374
+ Reactome:69278
+ Reactome:268486
+ Reactome:238450
+ Reactome:230408
+ Reactome:262544
+ Reactome:289890
+ Reactome:221841
+ Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ M phase
+
+ M-phase
+ Wikipedia:M_phase
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through M phase, the part of the cell cycle comprising nuclear division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear division
+
+ biological_process
+ A process by which a cell nucleus is divided into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei.
+ goslim_pir
+ karyokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis after mitosis
+
+ A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud site selection
+
+
+ The specification of the site where a daughter cell will form, in organisms that reproduce by budding.
+ biological_process
+ bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ Note that this term was split from 'bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity (sensu Saccharomyces) ; GO:0007115' (a sibling term, 'establishment of cell polarity (sensu Saccharomyces) ; GO:0000283', was created but has since been merged with 'establishment of cell polarity' ; GO:0030010).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
+
+ mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-dependent
+ mRNA degradation, deadenylation-dependent decay
+ mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-dependent
+ deadenylation-dependent mRNA decay
+ mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-dependent decay
+ mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent
+ A major pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of ordered steps that includes poly(A) tail shortening and that can regulate mRNA stability.
+ biological_process
+ mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-dependent
+ nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-dependent decay
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA deadenylation
+ 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation
+ Shortening of the poly(A) tail of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
+ nuclear mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deadenylation-dependent decapping of nuclear mRNA
+ deadenylylation-dependent decapping
+ biological_process
+ Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear mRNA triggered by shortening of the poly(A) tail to below a minimum functional length.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic
+
+ mRNA breakdown, exonucleolytic
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap or the 3'-poly(A) tail.
+ mRNA degradation, exonucleolytic
+ nuclear mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic
+ exonucleolytic degradation of mRNA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA fragment catabolic process
+
+ group I intron catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ GO:0030452
+ RNA fragment catabolism
+ RNA fragment breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fragment of RNA, such as excised introns or sequences removed from ribosomal RNA during processing.
+ RNA fragment degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay
+
+ biological_process
+ mRNA breakdown, endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay
+ endonucleolytic mRNA decay
+ A minor degradation pathway nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that begins with an endonucleolytic cleavage to generate unprotected ends.
+ mRNA catabolism, endonucleolytic
+ nuclear mRNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay
+ mRNA degradation, endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay
+ mRNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of spermine, N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to spermidine, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to membrane of membrane fraction
+
+ Integral to that fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that includes the plasma and other membranes; require detergents, such as Triton X-100, to be released from membranes.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral to membrane of membrane fraction
+
+ Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
+ Peripheral to that fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that includes the plasma and other membranes; can be extracted from membrane fraction with high concentrations of salt or high pH.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retrograde transport, vesicle recycling within Golgi
+
+ The retrograde movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by COP I vesicles. Cis-Golgi vesicles are constantly moving forward through the Golgi stack by cisternal progression, eventually becoming trans-Golgi vesicles. They then selectively transport membrane and luminal proteins from the trans- to the medial-Golgi while leaving others behind in the trans-Golgi cisternae; similarly, they selectively move proteins from the medial- to the cis-Golgi.
+ biological_process
+ retrograde (vesicle recycling within Golgi) transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to reactive oxygen species
+
+ response to reactive oxidative species
+ response to AOS
+ response to reactive oxygen intermediate
+ response to ROI
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
+ response to active oxygen species
+ response to ROS
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to superoxide
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a superoxide stimulus. Superoxide is the anion, oxygen-, formed by addition of one electron to dioxygen (O2) or any compound containing the superoxide anion.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to singlet oxygen
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a singlet oxygen stimulus. Singlet oxygen is a dioxygen (O2) molecule in which two 2p electrons have similar spin. Singlet oxygen is more highly reactive than the form in which these electrons are of opposite spin, and it is produced in mutant chloroplasts lacking carotenoids and by leukocytes during metabolic burst.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to oxygen radical
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oxygen radical stimulus. An oxygen radical is any oxygen species that carries a free electron; examples include hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to vacuolar membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Loosely bound to one or the other surface of the vacuolar membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
+
+
+ CDK holoenzyme
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are heterodimeric enzymes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
+
+
+ Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the cytoplasm.
+ CDK holoenzyme
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid large ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The larger of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid small ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The smaller of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organellar ribosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ribosome contained within a subcellular organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organellar small ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The smaller of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organellar large ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The larger of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfite transport
+
+ The directed movement of sulfite into, out of, within or between cells.
+ sulphite transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ re-entry into mitotic cell cycle
+
+ The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by cells that were in a quiescent or other non-dividing state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ re-entry into mitotic cell cycle after pheromone arrest
+
+
+ The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by pheromone-arrested cells that have not mated.
+ re-entry into mitotic cell cycle after pheromone arrest (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ storage vacuole
+
+ cellular_component
+ A vacuole that functions primarily in the storage of materials, including nutrients, pigments, waste products, and small molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lytic vacuole
+
+ A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal-type vacuole
+
+
+ vacuole, cell cycle-correlated morphology
+ vacuole (sensu Fungi)
+ cellular_component
+ A vacuole that has both lytic and storage functions. The fungal vacuole is a large, membrane-bounded organelle that functions as a reservoir for the storage of small molecules (including polyphosphate, amino acids, several divalent cations (e.g. calcium), other ions, and other small molecules) as well as being the primary compartment for degradation. It is an acidic compartment, containing an ensemble of acid hydrolases. At least in S. cerevisiae, there are indications that the morphology of the vacuole is variable and correlated with the cell cycle, with logarithmically growing cells having a multilobed, reticulated vacuole, while stationary phase cells contain a single large structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type vacuole
+
+ A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by a unit membrane, contains liquid, and retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase.
+ vacuole, cell cycle-independent morphology
+ vacuole (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein storage vacuole
+
+
+ A storage vacuole that contains a lytic vacuole; identified in plants.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lytic vacuole within protein storage vacuole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A membrane-bounded compartment containing crystals of phytic acid and proteins characteristic of a lytic vacuole, found within a storage vacuole.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal-type vacuole lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar lumen (sensu Fungi)
+ The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase.
+ lumen of vacuole with cell cycle-correlated morphology
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal-type vacuole membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane of vacuole with cell cycle-correlated morphology
+ cellular_component
+ vacuolar membrane (sensu Fungi)
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole, the shape of which correlates with cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
+ fungal-type vacuolar membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type vacuole lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase.
+ vacuolar lumen (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ lumen of vacuole with cell cycle-independent morphology
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile vacuole
+
+
+ A specialized vacuole of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores. Its function is probably osmoregulatory.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Contractile_vacuole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomerase catalytic core complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ The minimal catalytic core of telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of DNA transposition
+ down-regulation of DNA transposition
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition.
+ downregulation of DNA transposition
+ inhibition of DNA transposition
+ down regulation of DNA transposition
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of DNA transposition
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition.
+ up regulation of DNA transposition
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation of DNA transposition
+ positive regulation of DNA transposition
+ up-regulation of DNA transposition
+ activation of DNA transposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transposition, DNA-mediated
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA transposition, the process of transposing (moving to a different location) a segment of a chromosome or a piece of a DNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of DNA transposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein deneddylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of a ubiquitin-like protein of the NEDD8 type from a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex A
+
+ PEP-A
+ cellular_component
+ A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-A is generated from the PEP-B form during chloroplast maturation to generate a complex composed of at least thirteen polypeptides that is not sensitive to the antibiotic rifampicin, like its precursor form the PEP-B complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex B
+
+ cellular_component
+ PEP-B
+ A plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-B is distinguished from PEP-A by its sensitivity to the antibiotic rifampicin. PEP-B is found in both etioplasts and chloroplasts, but is the predominate form in etioplasts. It forms the core of the PEP-A form; the conversion from PEP-B to PEP-A occurs during chloroplast maturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
+
+
+ cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ The eubacterial DNA-directed RNA polymerase is a multisubunit complex with a core composed of the essential subunits beta-prime, beta, and two copies of alpha and a fifth nonessential subunit called omega. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition and specificity.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription export complex
+
+
+ TREX complex
+ The transcription export (TREX) complex couples transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II to mRNA export. The complex associates with the polymerase and travels with it along the length of the transcribed gene. TREX is composed of the THO transcription elongation complex as well as other proteins that couple THO to mRNA export proteins. The TREX complex is known to be found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae and metazoans.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ THO complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ The THO complex is a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. The THO complex is also part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1p, Tho2p, Thp1p, and Mft1p, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear mRNA branch site recognition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this step represents the formation of the B complex (yeast) or the A complex (mammalian).
+ spliceosomal B complex formation
+ U12-type nuclear mRNA branch site recognition
+ spliceosomal A complex formation
+ Recognition of the pre-mRNA branch site sequence by components of the assembling spliceosome.
+ U2-type nuclear mRNA branch site recognition
+ spliceosomal B complex biosynthesis
+ GO:0000370
+ GO:0000371
+ biological_process
+ spliceosomal A complex biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generation of catalytic spliceosome for first transesterification step
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0000357
+ biological_process
+ GO:0000356
+ catalytic spliceosome assembly for first transesterification step
+ spliceosomal A2-2 complex formation
+ spliceosomal C1 complex biosynthesis
+ formation of catalytic spliceosome for first transesterification step
+ Note that this step represents the formation of the A2-2 complex (yeast) or the C1 complex (mammalian).
+ spliceosomal A2-2 complex biosynthesis
+ spliceosomal C1 complex formation
+ U12-type catalytic spliceosome formation for first transesterification step
+ Formation of a catalytic spliceosome complex ready to perform the first splicing reaction. This occurs by an ATP-dependent conformational change of the pre-catalytic spliceosome.
+ U2-type catalytic spliceosome formation for first transesterification step
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Conformational rearrangement of the spliceosomal complex containing the RNA products from the 1st step of splicing to form the catalytic site for the second step of splicing.
+ formation of spliceosomal C1 complex
+ formation of catalytic spliceosome for second transesterification step
+ formation of spliceosomal A2-2 complex
+ formation of catalytic U12-type spliceosome for second transesterification step
+ formation of catalytic U2-type spliceosome for second transesterification step
+ biological_process
+ lariat formation, 5'-splice site cleavage
+ spliceosomal C2 complex biosynthesis
+ spliceosomal A2-3 complex formation
+ spliceosomal C2 complex formation
+ spliceosomal A2-3 complex biosynthesis
+ Note that this step represents formation of the A2-3 complex (yeast) or the C2 complex (mammalian).
+ catalytic spliceosome assembly for second transesterification step
+ GO:0000359
+ GO:0000358
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trans assembly of SL-containing precatalytic spliceosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the SL RNA and the pre-mRNA to be joined, as well as all the spliceosomal snRNPs involved in trans leader splicing. Formation of the trans leader spliceosome brings together the quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP and the complex of the U2 snRNP with the splice site of the pre-mRNA.
+ trans assembly of spliced leader-containing precatalytic spliceosome
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of quadruple SL/U4/U5/U6 snRNP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this step is analogous to 5' splice site selection in cis-splicing.
+ Formation of a quadruple snRNP complex composed of the spliced leader (SL) RNA along with the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex. Interactions that may facilitate this include a duplex between the SL and U6 RNAs and interactions between the U5 RNA and the exon sequence at the 5' splice site within the SL RNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cis assembly of pre-catalytic spliceosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Assembly of a spliceosomal complex containing the intact pre-mRNA and all of the spliceosomal snRNPs. This occurs when the tri-snRNP associates with the pre-mRNA and associated snRNPs in an ATP-dependent manner.
+ GO:0000360
+ formation of spliceosomal A2-1 complex
+ formation of spliceosomal B1 complex
+ Note that this step represents formation of the A2-1 complex (yeast) or the B1 complex (mammals).
+ GO:0000361
+ cis assembly of U2-type pre-catalytic spliceosome
+ cis assembly of U12-type pre-catalytic spliceosome
+ spliceosomal A2-1 complex formation
+ biological_process
+ spliceosomal B1 complex biosynthesis
+ spliceosomal B1 complex formation
+ spliceosomal A2-1 complex biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear mRNA trans splicing, via spliceosome
+
+ biological_process
+ The joining together of exons from two different primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
+ nuclear mRNA trans splicing, via U2-type spliceosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intergenic nuclear mRNA trans splicing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs from two different genes, each of which also produces mRNA(s) via cis-splicing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Group I intron splicing
+
+ mRNA splicing
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Note that Group I introns are known to be found in a number of places: rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA in organelles of fungi, plants, and protists; tRNA and mRNA of bacteria and bacteriophage; rRNA of protists and fungi; and occasionally in mRNA of animal mitochondria (e.g. sea anemone).
+ The splicing of Group I introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group I introns and involved in determining the locations of the splice sites (there do not appear to be consensus splice site sequences) as well as having a role in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions, generally with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a linear piece (though it may subsequently circularize).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Group II intron splicing
+
+ Note that Group II introns are known to be found in a number of places: rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA in organelles of fungi, plants, and protists; and mRNA of bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ mRNA splicing
+ biological_process
+ The splicing of Group II introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group II introns and containing splice site consensus sequences, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions (mechanistically similar to those for splicing of nuclear mRNAs) initiated by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Group III intron splicing
+
+ mRNA splicing
+ biological_process
+ The splicing of Group III introns. This occurs by a ribozymic mechanism where the intron sequence forms a distinct 3D structure, characteristic of Group III introns, that is involved in catalyzing the splicing reactions, though protein factors are also required in vivo. Splicing occurs by a series of two transesterification reactions begun by a bulged adenosine residue within the intron sequence as the initiating nucleophile. The intron is excised as a lariat. Though very similar in structure and mechanism to Group II introns, Group III introns are smaller and more streamlined and the splice site consensus sequences are not as well conserved.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Note that Group III introns are known to be found in mRNA of plastids of euglenoid protists.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with guanosine as nucleophile
+
+ Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with exogenous guanosine as the initiating nucleophile.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions with bulged adenosine as nucleophile
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ lariat RNA formation
+ Splicing of RNA via a series of two transesterification reactions with a bulged adenosine residue from the intron branch point as the initiating nucleophile. When the initial RNA for the splicing reaction is a single molecule (cis splicing), the excised intron is released in a lariat structure.
+ lariat RNA biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA exon ligation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this is not a part of spliceosomal RNA splicing.
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of joining two exons, each of which has free ends that were generated by endonucleolytic cleavages, by a ligation reaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA-type intron splice site recognition and cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the tertiary structure of a tRNA type intron is recognized, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA at both the 5' and 3' splice sites occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alternative nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+
+ splice site selection
+ Note that this process most commonly occurs in cis, selecting or skipping exons from the same primary transcript, but it has also been observed to occur in trans at low frequency, at least in some mammals.
+ The process of generating multiple mRNA molecules from a given set of exons by differential use of exons from the primary transcript(s) to form multiple mature mRNAs that vary in their exon composition.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of alternative nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ splice site selection
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alternative splicing of nuclear mRNAs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spliceosomal snRNP biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation and assembly from one or more snRNA and multiple protein components of a ribonucleoprotein complex that in involved in formation of the spliceosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spliceosome conformational change to release U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0000396
+ Rearrangement of the pre-catalytic spliceosome containing U4 (or U4atac) and U1 (or U11) snRNPs to unpair U4 (or U4atac) from U6 (or U6atac) and release it from the spliceosomal complex along with U1 (or U11).
+ U2-type spliceosome conformational change to release U4 and U1
+ Note that this step represents formation of the A1 complex (yeast) or the B2 complex (mammalian).
+ spliceosomal B2 complex biosynthesis
+ GO:0000397
+ spliceosomal A1 complex formation
+ spliceosomal B2 complex formation
+ spliceosomal A1 complex biosynthesis
+ 3'-splice site cleavage, exon ligation
+ biological_process
+ U12-type spliceosome conformational change to release U4atac and U11
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear mRNA 3'-splice site recognition
+
+ U2-type nuclear mRNA 3'-splice site recognition
+ U12-type nuclear mRNA 3'-splice site recognition
+ biological_process
+ GO:0000383
+ Recognition of the intron 3'-splice site by components of the assembling U2- or U12-type spliceosome.
+ GO:0000382
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spliceosome disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Disassembly of the spliceosome with the ATP-dependent release of the product RNAs, one of which is composed of the joined exons. In cis splicing, the other product is the excised sequence, often a single intron, in a lariat structure.
+ GO:0000392
+ U12-type spliceosome disassembly
+ GO:0000391
+ U2-type spliceosome disassembly
+ spliceosome complex disassembly
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spliceosomal conformational changes to generate catalytic conformation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3'-splice site cleavage, exon ligation
+ Structural rearrangements of the spliceosome complex, containing RNA to be spliced, to generate a catalytic conformation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation
+
+ Splicing of RNA via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Note that while typically associated with tRNA splicing, this mechanism of splicing is known to be used for some non-tRNA substrates, e.g. HAC1 (YFL031W) in S. cerevisiae and an intron in the 23S rRNA of the Archaeal species Desulfurococcus mobilis.
+ biological_process
+ mRNA splicing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear mRNA 5'-splice site recognition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spliceosomal E complex formation
+ Note that this step represents formation of the Commitment Complex (CC, in yeast) or the E complex (mammalian).
+ nuclear mRNA 5' splice site recognition
+ U12-type nuclear mRNA 5'-splice site recognition
+ U12-type nuclear mRNA 5' splice site recognition
+ spliceosomal E complex biosynthesis
+ spliceosomal CC complex formation
+ spliceosomal commitment complex biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ spliceosomal CC complex biosynthesis
+ U2-type nuclear mRNA 5'-splice site recognition
+ Recognition of the intron 5'-splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.
+ spliceosomal commitment complex formation
+ GO:0000369
+ GO:0000368
+ U2-type nuclear mRNA 5' splice site recognition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+
+
+ Reactome:286656
+ splicing GT-AG intron
+ The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of nuclear messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0006375
+ GO:0006374
+ Reactome:280638
+ Reactome:221766
+ Reactome:255735
+ Reactome:262486
+ nuclear mRNA splicing via U12-type spliceosome
+ splicing AT-AC intron
+ Reactome:212002
+ nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ Reactome:293761
+ Reactome:291782
+ pre-mRNA splicing
+ Note that although the many U12-type introns have the sequence AT-AC at the intron termini, some introns with these terminal sequences are spliced by the U2-type spliceosome. The distinguishing characteristics are sequences near the 5' splice site and the branch point sequences of the intron. Note that although the majority of U2-type introns have the sequence GU-AG at the intron termini, some introns with these terminal sequences are spliced by the U12-type spliceosome. The distinguishing characteristics are sequences near the 5' splice site and the branch point sequences of the intron.
+ mRNA splicing
+ Reactome:249819
+ Reactome:274165
+ Reactome:244938
+ Reactome:259129
+ Reactome:72172
+ Reactome:288338
+ Reactome:238383
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud neck septin structure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any of a series of septin structures that are localized in the bud neck of a budding fungal cell during the cell cycle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-autophagosomal structure
+
+ PAS
+ A punctate structure localized in the vicinity of the vacuole that is required for the formation of autophagosomes.
+ perivacuolar space
+ isolation membrane
+ cellular_component
+ phagophore assembly site
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ EKC/KEOPS protein complex
+
+
+ Endopeptidase-like Kinase Chromatin-associated protein complex
+ A protein complex proposed to be involved in transcription as well as promoting telomere uncapping and telomere elongation. For example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Bud32p, Kae1p, Gon7p, Cgi121p, and Pcc1p.
+ Kinase, putative Endopeptidase and Other Proteins of Small size protein complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription by galactose
+
+ Any process involving galactose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription by galactose
+
+
+ inhibition of transcription by galactose
+ down regulation of transcription by galactose
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of transcription by galactose
+ downregulation of transcription by galactose
+ Any process involving galactose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription by galactose
+
+
+ upregulation of transcription by galactose
+ up regulation of transcription by galactose
+ stimulation of transcription by galactose
+ up-regulation of transcription by galactose
+ activation of transcription by galactose
+ Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone peptidyl-prolyl isomerization
+
+
+ histone proline isomerization
+ biological_process
+ The modification of a histone by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein peptidyl-prolyl isomerization
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of a protein by cis-trans isomerization of a proline residue.
+ protein proline isomerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.
+ inhibition of histone H3-K36 methylation
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
+ down-regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
+ down regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
+ activation of histone H3-K36 methylation
+ upregulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
+ stimulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
+ up regulation of histone H3-K36 methylation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 36 of histone H3.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ HIR complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex proposed to be involved in replication-independent nucleosome assembly, by promoting histone deposition onto DNA. For example, in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Hir1p, Hir2p, Hir3p, and Hpc2p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA-directed RNA polymerase IV complex
+
+
+ RNA polymerase IV is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The IVa and IVb complexes contain different forms of the largest subunit. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA-directed RNA polymerase IVb complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ RNA polymerase IVb is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase IVa, while the largest subunit is found only in the IVa complex and contains an extended C-terminal domain (CTD) that includes multiple repeats of a 16 amino-acid consensus sequence as well as other sequences. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA-directed RNA polymerase IVa complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ RNA polymerase IVa is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase IVb, while the largest subunit is found only in the IVa complex. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagic vacuole membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagosome membrane
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding an autophagic vacuole, a double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrion degradation
+
+ Wikipedia:Autophagy_(cellular)
+ biological_process
+ The process by which mitochondria are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing cellular conditions, autophagy of mitochondria.
+ mitophagy
+ Wikipedia:Mitophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macromitophagy
+
+
+ Degradation of a mitochondrion by macroautophagy.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ micromitophagy
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Degradation of a mitochondrion by microautophagy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macropexophagy
+
+
+ Degradation of a peroxisome by macropexophagy.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ micropexophagy
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Degradation of a peroxisome by micropexophagy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An RNA polymerase complex containing polypeptides encoded by the plastid genome. Plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerases resemble eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases, with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. Some forms contain multiple additional subunits. An additional sigma factor subunit is required for promoter recognition.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
+
+ A protein complex that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+
+
+ Any process involving carbon catabolites that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+
+
+ Any process involving galactose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+
+
+
+ stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+ upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+ up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+ Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+ activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+ Any process involving glucose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+ down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+ downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+
+
+
+ inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+ Any process involving galactose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+ down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+ up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+ activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+ Any process involving galactose that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+ stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by galactose
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+
+
+ upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+ up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+ up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+ stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+ activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+ Any process involving carbon catabolites that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+
+
+ down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+ down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+ downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+ inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by carbon catabolites
+ Any process involving carbon catabolites that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ core TFIIH complex portion of holo TFIIH complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the general transcription factor TFIIH. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p and Tfb4p. In humans, it is composed of ERCC2, p62, p55, p44, p34.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ core TFIIH complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex that contains kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of the 5-subunit core (Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p and Tfb4p), Ssl2p, and TFIIK (Kin28p, Ccl1p, and Tfb3p). All of the subunits have equivalents in humans: the 5 subunit core is composed of ERCC2, p62, p55, p44, p34; the equivalent of the TFIIK subcomplex is composed of MO15, Mat1, and a cyclin; the human equivalent of Ssl2p is XPB.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ core TFIIH complex portion of NEF3 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The core TFIIH complex when it is part of the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 (NEF3). In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p, and Tfb4p. In humans, it is composed of ERCC2, p62, p55, p44, p34.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SSL2-core TFIIH complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ A complex which is part of both the general transcription factor TFIIH and the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex. It is composed of the tightly associated 5 subunit core TFIIH subcomplex plus one additional, more loosely associated subunit. The subunits are well conserved from yeast to humans. In S. cerevisiae, the 5-subunit core is composed of Rad3, Tfb1, Tfb2, Ssl1, Tfb4 and the loosely associated subunit is Ssl2p (also called Rad25). In humans, the 5 subunit core is composed of ERCC2, p62, p55, p44, p34 and the loosely associated subunit is XPB.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SSL2-core TFIIH complex portion of NEF3 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The SSL2-core TFIIH complex when it is part of the nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 (NEF3). It is composed of the tightly associated 5 subunit core TFIIH subcomplex plus one additional, less tighly associated subunit. The subunits are well conserved from yeast to humans. In S. cerevisiae, the 5-subunit core is composed of Rad3, Tfb1, Tfb2, Ssl1, Tfb4 and the loosely associated subunit is Ssl2p (also called Rad25). In humans, the 5 subunit core is composed of ERCC2, p62, p55, p44, p34 and the loosely associated subunit is XPB.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SSL2-core TFIIH complex portion of holo TFIIH complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The SSL2-core TFIIH complex when it is part of the general transcription factor TFIIH. It is composed of the tightly associated five subunit core TFIIH subcomplex plus one additional, less tighly associated subunit. The subunits are well conserved from yeast to humans. In S. cerevisiae, the 5-subunit core is composed of Rad3, Tfb1, Tfb2, Ssl1, Tfb4 and the loosely associated subunit is Ssl2p (also called Rad25). In humans, the 5 subunit core is composed of ERCC2, p62, p55, p44, p34 and the loosely associated subunit is XPB.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MIS12/MIND type complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mis12 complex
+ cellular_component
+ A multiprotein kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the inner kinetochore. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. In humans, it consists of MIS12, DSN1, NSL1 and PMF1.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ THO complex part of transcription export complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The THO complex when it is part of the TREX (TRanscription EXport) complex that is involved in coupling transcription to export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp1, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.
+ THO complex part of TREX complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoplasmic THO complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The THO complex when it is acting as a nuclear complex that is required for transcription elongation through genes containing tandemly repeated DNA sequences. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of four subunits: Hpr1, Tho2, Thp1, and Mft1, while the human complex is composed of 7 subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage at A2
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleavage in ITS2 between 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0000490
+ cleavage in ITS2 of tricistronic rRNA transcript to separate 5.8S and LSU rRNAs (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS2 between the 5.8S rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+ cleavage at C2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)
+
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. For example, primary ribosomal RNA transcripts containing three genes, in this order, are produced in E. coli and other prokaryotic species. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleavage of bicistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-rRNAs originally produced as a bicistronic rRNA transcript that contains the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with two genes in this order are produced in Archaeal species.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA 2'-O-methylation
+
+ The addition of a methyl group to the 2'-oxygen atom of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snoRNA guided rRNA 2'-O-methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of methylation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme-directed rRNA 2'-O-methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of methyl groups to the 2'-oxygen atom of nucleotide residues in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis where the methylase specifies the site that becomes methylated without using a guide RNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snoRNA guided rRNA pseudouridine synthesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule during ribosome biogenesis using a snoRNA guide that targets the position of pseudouridylation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme-directed rRNA pseudouridine synthesis
+
+ The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine during ribosome biogenesis where the enzyme specifies the site that becomes pseudouridylated without using a guide RNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dimethylation during SSU-rRNA biogenesis
+
+ Dimethyation of the N6 amino groups of two consecutive adenosine residues near the 3'-end of the SSU rRNA. This process has been conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-SSU-rRNA from a pre-LSU-rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage between LSU-rRNA and 5S rRNA of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 5S)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage to separate a pre-LSU-rRNA from a pre-5S rRNA originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA, and the 5S rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tricistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exonucleolytic trimming during rRNA processing
+
+ Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule in the process to generate a mature rRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of 5.8S rRNA
+
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage at site D
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage at the 3'-end of the SSU-rRNA from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 upstream of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage within Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) upstream of the 5.8S rRNA derived from an originally tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, this endonucleolytic cleavage within ITS1 initiates the maturation of the LSU and the 5.8S rRNAs.
+ endonucleolytic cleavage at A3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 5'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 5'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+ Any process involved in the maturation of an rRNA molecule originally produced as part of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exonucleolytic trimming to generate mature 3'-end of 5.8S rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Exonucleolytic digestion of a pre-rRNA molecule to generate the mature 3'-end of a 5.8S rRNA molecule derived from an originally tricistronic pre-rRNA transcript that contained the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generation of mature 3'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ processing at B2
+ Any process involved in generating the mature 3'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleavages during rRNA processing
+
+ Any cleavage involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of LSU-rRNA
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage in 3'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. In S. cerevisiae, endonucleolytic cleavage within the 3'-ETS of the pre-RNA, which may occur cotranscriptionally, is the first step in rRNA processing, and initiates a cascade of subsequent processing and modification events.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 5'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage at A1
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (5'-ETS) and the 5' end of the SSU-rRNA of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript, to produce the mature end of the SSU-rRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of 2S rRNA
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 2S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 2S rRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of 4.5S rRNA
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 4.5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 4.5S rRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generation of mature 5'-end of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ processing at C1
+ biological_process
+ Cleavage within ITS2 to generate the mature 5'-end of an LSU-rRNA derived from a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavages during rRNA processing
+
+ Any endonucleolytic cleavage involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into a mature rRNA molecule. Some endonucleolytic cleavages produce the mature end, while others are a step in the process of generating the mature end from the pre-rRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with three genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of many eukaryotic species, including S. cerevisiae.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage in 5'-ETS of tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage at A0
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Endonucleolytic cleavage within the 5'-ETS of the pre-RNA is conserved as one of the early steps of rRNA processing in all eukaryotes, but the specific position of cleavage is variable.
+ endonucleolytic cleavage at A-prime
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of 5S rRNA
+
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of 5S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the nuclei of D. melanogaster as well as in those of other dipteran species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleavage between SSU-rRNA and 5.8S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage between the SSU-rRNA and the 5.8S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleavage between 2S rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 2S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleavage between 5.8S rRNA and 2S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5.8S rRNA and the 2S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contained the Small SubUnit (SSU) rRNA, the 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, and the Large SubUnit (LSU) rRNA, in that order, from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of 5.8S rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 2S rRNA, LSU-rRNA)
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature 5.8S rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, the 8.8S rRNA, the 2S rRNA, and the Large Subunit (LSU) in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of LSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
+
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of SSU-rRNA from tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
+
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ snoRNP assembly
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a snoRNA to form a small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ box C/D snoRNP assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box C/D snoRNA to form a box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.
+ box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ box H/ACA snoRNP assembly
+
+ box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and a box H/ACA snoRNA to form a box H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ box C/D snoRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ box C/D snoRNA 3' end processing
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box C/D snoRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ box H/ACA snoRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a box H/ACA snoRNA molecule.
+ box H/ACA snoRNA 3' end processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA polymerase I upstream activating factor complex
+
+ A complex required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrrn5p, Rrn9p, Rrn10p, histones H3 and H4, and Uaf30p.
+ cellular_component
+ UAF
+ RNA polymerase I upstream activation factor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ flocculation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ Mannose-sensitive, nonsexual aggregation of cells mediated by protein-carbohydrate (flocculin-mannan) interaction present in the cell wall. This process is pH- and calcium-dependent and reversible.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome complex
+
+
+ proteasome complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation. This complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and one or two associated proteins or complexes that act in regulating entry into or exit from the core.
+ 26S proteasome
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex
+
+
+ GPI-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase complex
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to an acceptor phosphatidylinositol, the first step in the production of GPI anchors for cell surface proteins. The complex contains PIG-A, PIG-C, PIG-H, PIG-Q, PIG-P, and DPM2 in human, and Eri1p, Gpi1p, Gpi2p, Gpi15p, Gpi19p, and Spt14p in budding yeast.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'GPI-anchor transamidase complex ; GO:0042765', which represents a distinct complex with a different catalytic activity.
+ GPI-GnT complex
+ GPI-GlcNAc transferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic axis specification
+
+
+ embryonic axis determination
+ biological_process
+ Axis specification in the embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ achiasmate meiosis I
+
+ biological_process
+ The first division of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, occurring in the constitutive absence of chiasmata.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA double-strand break processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA recombinase assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic strand invasion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ meiotic D-loop biosynthesis
+ meiotic D-loop formation
+ The cell cycle process whereby the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules. This occurs during meiosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic joint molecule formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination. These joint molecules contain Holliday junctions on either side of heteroduplex DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic mismatch repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA repair synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ During meiosis, the synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ resolution of meiotic joint molecules as recombinants
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ crossover biosynthesis
+ formation of chiasmata
+ homologous chromosome separation at meiosis I
+ biological_process
+ The cleavage and rejoining of Holliday junctions formed during meiotic recombination to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.
+ crossover formation
+ meiotic homologous chromosome separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic heteroduplex formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ During meiosis, the formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic strand displacement
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA is rejected. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules. This occurs during meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:259092
+ Reactome:262453
+ Reactome:211942
+ pyrimidine-dimer repair, DNA damage recognition
+ Reactome:268410
+ Reactome:252522
+ Reactome:286618
+ Reactome:230290
+ Reactome:274127
+ Reactome:280600
+ Reactome:249779
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:238329
+ Reactome:221707
+ Reactome:265289
+ Reactome:255701
+ The identification of lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:73940
+ Reactome:244887
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine-dimer repair, DNA damage recognition
+ Reactome:109972
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:255302
+ Reactome:288025
+ Reactome:237442
+ Reactome:273565
+ Reactome:220729
+ Reactome:258636
+ The identification of lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex as well as a small subset of lesions not recognized by the general nucleotide-excision repair pathway.
+ Reactome:280034
+ Reactome:262040
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:264803
+ Reactome:267995
+ Reactome:249214
+ Reactome:210886
+ Reactome:252110
+ Reactome:229402
+ Reactome:282629
+ Reactome:244172
+ Reactome:286146
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:261330
+ Reactome:242666
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:278451
+ Reactome:254509
+ Reactome:208565
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:235389
+ Reactome:247842
+ Reactome:251415
+ Reactome:218172
+ Reactome:73934
+ Reactome:257677
+ The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.
+ Reactome:272410
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage removal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:273941
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:73941
+ The removal of the oligonucleotide that contains the DNA damage. The oligonucleotide is formed by dual incisions that flank the site of DNA damage.
+ Reactome:244631
+ Reactome:221360
+ Reactome:262280
+ Reactome:280420
+ Reactome:252375
+ Reactome:238017
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:249570
+ Reactome:211584
+ Reactome:258905
+ Reactome:255531
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreactive repair
+
+ The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers by directly reversing the damage to restore the original pyrimidines.
+ pyrimidine-dimer repair by photolyase
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repair
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T, and C-C dimers by the recognition and removal of the damaged DNA strand from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
+ Note that the repair of pyrimidine dimers by nucleotide excision repair involves the same gene products that are involved in general nucleotide excision repair. Consider also annotating to the biological process term 'nucleotide-excision repair ; GO:0006289' and its children.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere maintenance via recombination
+
+
+ Reactome:258619
+ Reactome:264228
+ Reactome:235265
+ Reactome:211909
+ Reactome:262380
+ Reactome:262385
+ Reactome:257640
+ Reactome:286258
+ Reactome:280029
+ Reactome:249207
+ Reactome:264215
+ Reactome:273723
+ Reactome:251431
+ Reactome:280027
+ Reactome:258629
+ Reactome:235393
+ Reactome:258631
+ telomerase-independent telomere maintenance
+ Reactome:244820
+ Reactome:268401
+ Reactome:274119
+ Reactome:220722
+ Reactome:279950
+ Reactome:220724
+ Reactome:210929
+ Reactome:255384
+ Reactome:288306
+ Reactome:219128
+ Reactome:255693
+ Reactome:251419
+ Reactome:280009
+ Reactome:261619
+ Reactome:211806
+ Reactome:252463
+ Reactome:220701
+ Reactome:258055
+ Reactome:210707
+ Reactome:249717
+ Reactome:174444
+ Reactome:274037
+ Reactome:174441
+ Reactome:237685
+ Reactome:174447
+ Reactome:220705
+ Reactome:174448
+ Reactome:174445
+ Reactome:220598
+ Reactome:174446
+ Reactome:257680
+ Reactome:174451
+ Reactome:286692
+ Reactome:235406
+ Reactome:238200
+ Reactome:208569
+ Reactome:265210
+ Reactome:252458
+ Reactome:288080
+ Reactome:265272
+ Reactome:287887
+ Reactome:264790
+ Reactome:244377
+ Reactome:174452
+ Reactome:236130
+ Reactome:264509
+ Reactome:244165
+ Reactome:174456
+ Reactome:208435
+ Reactome:268477
+ Reactome:244167
+ Reactome:238208
+ Reactome:288360
+ Reactome:265280
+ Reactome:274052
+ Reactome:265220
+ Reactome:265224
+ Reactome:280175
+ Reactome:221570
+ Reactome:273558
+ Reactome:274057
+ Reactome:273560
+ Reactome:237249
+ Reactome:208585
+ Reactome:258735
+ Reactome:258545
+ Reactome:261958
+ Reactome:280592
+ Reactome:273542
+ Reactome:273486
+ Reactome:252098
+ Reactome:257692
+ Reactome:259016
+ Reactome:264182
+ Reactome:259011
+ Reactome:221537
+ Reactome:254797
+ Reactome:237405
+ Reactome:174414
+ Reactome:174411
+ Reactome:174417
+ Reactome:210874
+ Reactome:278371
+ Reactome:244881
+ Reactome:252236
+ Reactome:251385
+ Reactome:237419
+ Reactome:252037
+ Reactome:280579
+ Reactome:237421
+ Reactome:211798
+ Reactome:221693
+ Reactome:221673
+ Reactome:282880
+ Reactome:255652
+ Reactome:268377
+ Reactome:243289
+ Reactome:264796
+ Reactome:264798
+ Reactome:268086
+ Reactome:278480
+ Reactome:221562
+ Reactome:174430
+ Reactome:174437
+ Reactome:211769
+ Reactome:174439
+ Reactome:174438
+ Reactome:248384
+ Reactome:285566
+ Reactome:267988
+ Reactome:278492
+ Reactome:267990
+ Reactome:174425
+ Reactome:174427
+ Reactome:221006
+ Reactome:252452
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:262150
+ Reactome:211161
+ Reactome:218176
+ Reactome:252515
+ Reactome:262432
+ Reactome:261335
+ Reactome:249859
+ Reactome:238317
+ Reactome:261295
+ Reactome:249344
+ Reactome:262446
+ Reactome:218009
+ Reactome:255295
+ Reactome:238299
+ Reactome:255297
+ Reactome:286574
+ Reactome:244981
+ Reactome:258999
+ Reactome:220777
+ Reactome:288292
+ Reactome:274106
+ Reactome:272964
+ Reactome:286609
+ Reactome:262035
+ Reactome:280533
+ Reactome:282237
+ Reactome:288020
+ Reactome:272427
+ Reactome:264965
+ Reactome:259072
+ Reactome:267581
+ Reactome:262033
+ Reactome:262023
+ Reactome:210872
+ Reactome:211927
+ Reactome:272370
+ Reactome:218192
+ Any recombinational process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
+ Reactome:288018
+ Reactome:280528
+ Reactome:252504
+ Reactome:255770
+ Reactome:259085
+ Reactome:249772
+ Reactome:282625
+ Reactome:286139
+ Reactome:210855
+ Reactome:210851
+ Reactome:238179
+ Reactome:261347
+ Reactome:272413
+ Reactome:249209
+ Reactome:279401
+ Reactome:209382
+ Reactome:262369
+ Reactome:286141
+ Reactome:282822
+ Reactome:280515
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere maintenance
+
+
+
+ Reactome:176702
+ Reactome:171306
+ Reactome:234482
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pombe
+ Reactome:207366
+ Reactome:221598
+ Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA. These processes includes those that shorten and lengthen the telomeric DNA sequences.
+ Reactome:278133
+ Reactome:264065
+ Reactome:216958
+ regulation of telomere length
+ Reactome:211833
+ Reactome:261145
+ Reactome:272144
+ Reactome:257471
+ Reactome:251274
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
+
+
+ Reactome:238484
+ Reactome:221855
+ Reactome:290425
+ HRR
+ Reactome:286734
+ Reactome:73888
+ Reactome:252628
+ Reactome:245027
+ Reactome:212096
+ Reactome:230426
+ homologous recombinational repair
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:259208
+ Reactome:268519
+ Reactome:282918
+ Reactome:274245
+ GO:0016924
+ Reactome:288398
+ Reactome:289894
+ biological_process
+ Rad51-dependent recombinational repair
+ Reactome:265387
+ Reactome:262566
+ Reactome:249917
+ Rhp51-dependent recombinational repair
+ The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences. A strand in the broken DNA searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome to serve as the template for DNA synthesis. The restoration of two intact DNA molecules results in the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the intact DNA molecule and the broken DNA molecule.
+ Reactome:255811
+ Reactome:280711
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recombinational repair
+
+
+ The repair of damaged DNA that involves the exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Recombinational_repair
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-recombinational repair
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The repair of damaged DNA that does not require the exchange of genetic material between the broken DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double-strand break repair via break-induced replication
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the centromere-proximal end of a broken chromosome searches for a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template, and progresses to the end of the chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA double-strand break formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The site-specific endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA at the mating-type locus which initiates the conversion of one mating-type allele to another.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA double-strand break processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:83897
+ The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA recombinase assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:280468
+ Reactome:76000
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:255573
+ Reactome:249618
+ Reactome:290347
+ Reactome:262322
+ Reactome:258948
+ Reactome:230072
+ Reactome:244700
+ Reactome:238093
+ Reactome:252414
+ Reactome:211670
+ Reactome:289793
+ Reactome:273989
+ Reactome:265171
+ Reactome:282782
+ Rad51 nucleoprotein filament formation
+ Reactome:268300
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.
+ Reactome:286488
+ Reactome:288247
+ Reactome:221441
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA synthesis during DNA repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA repair synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:76011
+ Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ strand displacement
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:83663
+ The rejection of the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA strand renaturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The identification and annealing of complementary base pairs in single-strand DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA repair synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Synthesis of DNA that proceeds from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end uses the homologous intact duplex as the template during gene conversion at the mating-type locus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ removal of nonhomologous ends
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing, removal of nonhomologous ends
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ During DSBR via single-strand annealing, the removal of nonhomologous sequences at the broken 3' single-strand DNA end before DNA repair synthesis can occur.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA catabolic process, endonucleolytic
+
+ endonucleolytic degradation of DNA
+ endonucleolytic DNA catabolism
+ DNA degradation, endonucleolytic
+ DNA breakdown, endonucleolytic
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of internal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic
+
+ DNA degradation, exonucleolytic
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, involving the hydrolysis of terminal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of deoxyribonucleotides.
+ biological_process
+ exonucleolytic degradation of DNA
+ DNA breakdown, exonucleolytic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear membrane fusion
+
+ biological_process
+ The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ karyogamy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei.
+ nuclear fusion
+ GO:0007335
+ nuclear fusion during karyogamy
+ Wikipedia:Karyogamy
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ karyogamy during conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after cytogamy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear migration during conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The net movement of nuclei towards one another as a prelude to karyogamy in organisms undergoing conjugation with cellular fusion.
+ nuclear congression
+ biological_process
+ GO:0006946
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ karyogamy during conjugation without cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ During sexual reproduction, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of fusing the lipid bilayers that surround each nuclei. This occurs after the mutual exchange of nuclei.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear migration during conjugation without cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear exchange during conjugation without cellular fusion
+ The net movement of nuclei towards one another, leading to the bilateral transfer of genetic material in organisms undergoing conjugation without cellular fusion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conjugation
+
+ goslim_yeast
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Conjugation
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_pir
+ The union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual. Conjugation requires direct cellular contact between the organisms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+ conjugation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ goslim_pombe
+ biological_process
+ conjugation (sensu Fungi)
+ GO:0030461
+ GO:0030477
+ GO:0007322
+ cell fusion (mating sensu Saccharomyces)
+ mating (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ A conjugation process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.
+ GO:0007333
+ mating (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conjugation with mutual genetic exchange
+
+ biological_process
+ conjugation without cellular fusion
+ A conjugation process that results in the mutual exchange and union of only genetic information between compatible mating types. Conjugation without cellular fusion requires direct cellular contact between the organisms without plasma membrane fusion. The organisms involved in conjugation without cellular fusion separate after nuclear exchange.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus during the process of conjugation with cellular fusion.
+ pheromone response (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ pheromone response (sensu Fungi)
+ biological_process
+ GO:0007328
+ GO:0030434
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pheromone-dependent signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ signal transduction of mating signal (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ transduction of mating signal (sensu Fungi)
+ GO:0030454
+ MAPKKK cascade (mating sensu Saccharomyces)
+ GO:0007330
+ A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
+ MAPKKK cascade (mating sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle arrest in response to pheromone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle arrest (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ GO:0030571
+ The process by which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ agglutination involved in conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ agglutination (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ cell-cell adhesion during conjugation with cellular fusion
+ cell-cell adhesion during mating
+ GO:0007334
+ biological_process
+ During conjugation with cellular fusion, the aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular morphogenesis during conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0007332
+ shmoo orientation
+ biological_process
+ The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation cellular fusion.
+ shmooing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adaptation to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0007331
+ GO:0030453
+ adaptation to mating signal (sensu Fungi)
+ adaptation to mating signal (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ biological_process
+ desensitization to pheromone during conjugation with cellular fusion
+ In organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytogamy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ During conjugation with cellular fusion, the process resulting in creating a single cell from complementary mating types. The localized remodeling and dissolution of external protective structures allow the fusion of the plasma membranes and cytoplasmic mixing.
+ GO:0000218
+ zygote formation (sensu Fungi)
+ GO:0030462
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to pheromone during conjugation without cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus during the process of conjugation without cellular fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal transduction during conjugation without cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A signal transduction process resulting in the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to pheromone exposure in organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ agglutination involved in conjugation without cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ During conjugation without cellular fusion, the aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular morphogenesis during conjugation without cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adaptation to pheromone during conjugation without cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ desensitization to pheromone during conjugation without cellular fusion
+ In organisms that undergo conjugation without cellular fusion, the process resulting in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that act to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conjugant formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ During conjugation without cellular fusion, the process that results in pairing complementary mating types. Localized morphological, cytological, and cytoskeletal changes connect the mating types without cytoplasmic mixing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information in response to a pheromone. It involves direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells; some or all of the chromosome(s) of one cell ('male') is then transferred into the other cell ('female'); unidirectional conjugation occurs between cells of different mating types.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular morphogenesis during unidirectional conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo unidirectional conjugation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular morphogenesis during pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types in organisms that undergo pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to pheromone during pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus during the process of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adaptation to pheromone during pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ desensitization to pheromone during pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
+ biological_process
+ In organisms that undergo pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation, the process involved in desensitization following exposure to pheromone stimulus that acts to down-regulate further stimulation or block initial conjugation responses.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell morphogenesis during conjugation
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during sexual reproduction in order to facilitate direct contact between the compatible mating types.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
+ cell fusion
+ cell-cell fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ syncytium formation by mitosis without cell division
+
+ The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by one or more rounds of nuclear division without cell division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide pheromone export
+
+ The directed movement of a peptide pheromone out of a cell by a secretion or export pathway used solely for the export of peptide pheromones.
+ biological_process
+ a-factor export
+ GO:0007325
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ agglutination involved in conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation or adhesion of compatible mating types via complementary cell-cell interactions prior to the formation of irreversible cellular contacts during conjugation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome, centromeric region
+
+ cellular_component
+ The region of a chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
+ centromere
+ chromosome, centric region
+ chromosome, pericentric region
+ Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete cellular component term 'centromere ; GO:0005698'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinetochore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0005699
+ Wikipedia:Kinetochore
+ A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ condensed chromosome kinetochore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of a condensed chromosome and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of a condensed chromosome in the nucleus and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ condensed chromosome, centromeric region
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ condensed chromosome, pericentric region
+ condensed chromosome, centric region
+ condensed chromosome, centromere
+ The region of a condensed chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete cellular component term 'centromere ; GO:0005698'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ condensed nuclear chromosome, pericentric region
+ condensed nuclear chromosome, centric region
+ cellular_component
+ The region of a condensed chromosome in the nucleus that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome.
+ Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete cellular component term 'centromere ; GO:0005698'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex.
+ condensed nuclear chromosome, centromere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome, telomeric region
+
+ cellular_component
+ telomere
+ The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
+ Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete cellular component term 'telomere ; GO:0005696'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere cap complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete cellular component term 'telomere ; GO:0005696'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific protein complex and not a region of the chromosome.
+ A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear telomere cap complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete cellular component term 'telomere ; GO:0005696'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific protein complex and not a region of the chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear chromosome, telomeric region
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete cellular component term 'telomere ; GO:0005696'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex.
+ nuclear chromosome, telomere
+ The terminal region of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin
+
+ chromosome scaffold
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0005717
+ The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms the chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
+ Wikipedia:Nucleosome
+ GO:0005718
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic nucleosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA in the cytoplasm into higher order structures.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear nucleosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA in the nucleus into higher order structures.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic chromatin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms the chromosome in the cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear chromatin
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ euchromatin
+
+ Wikipedia:Euchromatin
+ cellular_component
+ A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterochromatin
+
+ Wikipedia:Heterochromatin
+ A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ condensed chromosome
+
+ cytoplasmic mitotic chromosome
+ mitotic chromosome
+ metaphase chromosome
+ A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term can be used to annotate gene products that localize to a mitotic chromosome in an organism that undergoes an 'open mitosis' in which the nuclear envelope breaks down during mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ condensed nuclear chromosome
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term and its children can be used to annotate gene products that localize to a mitotic chromosome in an organism that undergoes a 'closed mitosis' in which the nuclear envelope does not break down during mitosis and for gene products that localize to a meiotic chromosome.
+ nuclear mitotic chromosome
+ A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure that remains in the nucleus.
+ meiotic chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptonemal complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0005716
+ cellular_component
+ A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
+ Wikipedia:Synaptonemal_complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ condensin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ 13S condensin complex
+ GO:0008620
+ GO:0005676
+ A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation.
+ SMC complex
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ condensin core heterodimer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0008621
+ Smc2-Smc4 complex
+ 8S condensin complex
+ cellular_component
+ The core heterodimer of a condensin complex, a multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear cohesin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term and its children should be used to annotate gene products found in cohesin complexes in organisms that undergo closed mitosis (i.e. where the nuclear envelope does not break down, as in fungi). For organisms in which the nuclear envelope breaks down during mitosis, the parent should be used.
+ A cohesin complex required for cohesion between sister chromatids that remain in the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear condensin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in the condensation of chromosomes that remain in the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A proteinaceous core found between sister chromatids during meiotic prophase.
+ axial element
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex found between the lateral elements.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transverse filament
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex that spans the regions between the lateral elements and connects them.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sex chromosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ A chromosome involved in sex determination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ W chromosome
+
+ The sex chromosome present in females of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the Z chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The W chromosome is absent from the cells of males and present in one copy in the somatic cells of females.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:ZW_sex-determination_system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ X chromosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:X_chromosome
+ The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the X chromosome are present in each somatic cell of females and one copy is present in males.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Y chromosome
+
+ The sex chromosome present in males of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the X chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The Y chromosome is absent from the cells of females and present in one copy in the somatic cells of males.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Y_chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Z chromosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:ZW_sex-determination_system
+ The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the Z chromosome are present in each somatic cell of males and one copy is present in females.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ origin recognition complex
+
+
+ A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome.
+ ORC
+ goslim_pir
+ origin of replication recognition complex
+ Wikipedia:Origin_recognition_complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic origin of replication recognition complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prokaryotic ORC
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ cytoplasmic ORC
+ A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GINS complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multisubunit complex that associates with replication origins and is required for the initiation of DNA replication.
+ Go, Ichi, Ni and San complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Swr1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SWR-C
+ cellular_component
+ A multisubunit protein complex that is involved in chromatin remodeling. It is required for the incorporation of the histone variant H2AZ into chromatin. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains Swr1p, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, and 12 additional subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ESCRT I complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and interacts with ubiquitinated cargoes.
+ Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ESCRT II complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport
+ An endosomal sorting complex required for transport and functions downstream of ESCRT I complex. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and is required for the membrane recruitment of ESCRT III complex and binds to ubiquitinated cargoes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ESCRT III complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. Consists of two soluble subcomplexes of highly charged coiled-coil proteins and is required for sorting and/or concentration of multivesicular body (MVB) cargoes.
+ Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ COMA complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A multiprotein complex in yeast consisting of Ctf19p, Okp1p, Mcm1p, Ame1p. This complex bridges the subunits that are in contact with centromeric DNA and the subunits bound to microtubules during kinetochore assembly.
+ cellular_component
+ Ctf19p-Okp1p-Mcm1p-Ame1p complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear MIS12/MIND type complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ MIND complex
+ Mtw1p Including Nnf1p-Nsl1p-Dsn1p complex
+ A multiprotein kinetochore subcomplex that binds to centromeric chromatin and forms part of the inner kinetochore of a chromosome in the nucleus. It helps to recruit outer kinetochore subunits that will bind to microtubules. Nuclear localization arises in some organisms because the nuclear envelope is not broken down during mitosis. In S. cerevisiae, it consists of at least four proteins: Mtw1p, Nnf1p, Nsl1p, and Dsn1.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sister chromatid segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glutamine family amino acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of glutamine family amino acid metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of arginine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of arginine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the ER.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal and membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Doa10p ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Ssm4p ubiquitin ligase complex
+ A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates membranes proteins with misfolded cytosolic domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Ssm4p/Doa10p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-M complex
+
+ A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded membrane domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hrd1p ubiquitin ligase ERAD-L complex
+
+ A multiprotein complex that recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with misfolded luminal domains during ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In S. cerevisiae, this complex contains the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ cellular morphogenesis
+ GO:0045791
+ GO:0045790
+ gosubset_prok
+ The developmental process by which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ GO:0007148
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular morphogenesis during vegetative growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the development of a cell as it progresses through a mitotic cell cycle when it is not undergoing terminal differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporocarp development involved in asexual reproduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fruiting body formation during asexual reproduction (sensu Fungi)
+ imperfect stage fruiting body development
+ The formation of a spore-bearing structure by fungus where spores will arise from asexual reproduction.
+ monokaryotic fruiting
+ biological_process
+ conidium development
+ homokaryotic fruiting
+ haploid fruiting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporocarp development involved in sexual reproduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascus development
+ biological_process
+ fruiting body formation during sexual reproduction (sensu Fungi)
+ perfect stage fruiting body development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fruiting body organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruiting body is a spore bearing structure. In fungi, the sporocarp (also known as fruiting body) is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne. The fruiting body is part of the sexual phase of a fungal life cycle, with the rest of the life cycle being characterized by vegetative mycelial growth. The sporocarp of a basidiomycete is known as a basidiocarp, while the fruiting body of an ascomycete is known as an ascocarp. A significant range of different shapes and morphologies is found in both basidiocarps and ascocarps; these features play an important role in the identification and taxonomy of fungi.
+ fruiting body development during sexual reproduction (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis
+
+ Reactome:268395
+ Reactome:221676
+ goslim_pombe
+ Reactome:262434
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:282835
+ Reactome:68884
+ GO:0007104
+ goslim_candida
+ Reactome:265269
+ goslim_yeast
+ Reactome:238302
+ Reactome:259076
+ Reactome:244868
+ Reactome:230265
+ Reactome:211912
+ GO:0016288
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:286599
+ Reactome:249758
+ Reactome:252506
+ A cellular process resulting in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. Cytokinesis usually occurs after growth, replication, and segregation of cellular components.
+ Wikipedia:Cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis by cell plate formation
+
+ biological_process
+ cytokinesis (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ The process of dividing the cytoplasm of a parent cell where a structure forms in the cytoplasm and grows until reaching the plasma membrane, thereby completely separating the cytoplasms of adjacent progeny cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of actomyosin apparatus involved in cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The assembly and arrangement of an apparatus composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.
+ actomyosin apparatus assembly involved in cytokinesis
+ cytokinesis, formation of actomyosin apparatus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ preprophase band formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the preprophase band, a dense band of microtubules that marks the position in the cell where cytokinesis will occur in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation.
+ preprophase band assembly
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phragmoplast formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of a structure composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis in cells that perform cytokinesis by cell plate formation. The structure usually contains antiparallel microtubules and membrane (often visible as vesicles).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis, contractile ring formation
+
+ The process of formation of a ring composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins that will function in cytokinesis.
+ constriction ring assembly
+ GO:0045573
+ biological_process
+ cytokinesis, actomyosin ring formation
+ cytokinesis, contractile ring assembly
+ cytokinesis, actomyosin ring biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile ring contraction involved in cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis, actomyosin ring contraction
+ biological_process
+ The process of an actomyosin ring, which functions in cytokinesis, getting smaller in diameter.
+ cytokinesis, contractile ring contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ barrier septum formation
+
+ biological_process
+ septation
+ septin assembly and septum formation
+ The assembly and arrangement of a septum that spans the plasma membrane interface between progeny cells following cytokinesis. The progeny cells that form a barrier septum are not able to exchange intracellular material.
+ septin assembly and septum biosynthesis
+ formation of barrier septum
+ barrier septum assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ selection of site for barrier septum formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septum positioning
+ The process of marking the site where a barrier septum will form.
+ septin assembly and septum formation
+ biological_process
+ selection of site for barrier cell septum biosynthesis
+ selection of site for barrier cell septum formation
+ septin assembly and septum biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell plate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell plate assembly
+ The process of assembly, maturation, and growth of the cell plate to the cell periphery in cells that divide by cell plate formation; often involves deposition of cell wall material in and around the phragmoplast.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell separation during cytokinesis
+
+ The process of physically separating progeny cells during cytokinesis; this may involve enzymatic digestion of septum or cell wall components.
+ rotokinesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin ring assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of septins and associated proteins to form an organized structure resembling a ring at the cell cortex.
+ septin assembly and septum formation
+ biological_process
+ septin assembly and septum biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0030615
+ Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ equatorial microtubule organizing center
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A microtubule organizing center formed by a band of gamma-tubulin that is recruited to a circumferential band of F-actin at the midpoint of a cell and which nucleates microtubules from the cell division site at the end of mitosis.
+ equatorial microtubule organising centre
+ EMTOC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin ring complex, centrosomal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0000925
+ gamma-tubulin ring complex, centrosomal (sensu Metazoa)
+ gamma-tubulin large complex (sensu Metazoa)
+ gamma-tubulin large complex, centrosomal
+ GO:0000926
+ A centrosome-localized multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins assembled into a ring structure that is thought to be the unit of nucleation at the minus end of a microtubule. Gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the core repeating units of the ring.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin small complex, centrosomal
+
+ cellular_component
+ gamma-tubulin small complex (sensu Metazoa)
+ A centrosomal complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules, at least two conserved non-tubulin proteins that multimerize along with additional non-tubulin proteins in animal cells into larger functional complexes. Gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin small complex, spindle pole body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tub4 complex
+ cellular_component
+ A complex composed of two gamma-tubulin molecules and conserved non-tubulin proteins isolated by fractionation from cells. The complex, approximately 6S-9S, is analogous to the small complex in animal cells but contains fewer subunits, and is not thought to multimerize into larger functional units, like complexes in those organisms.
+ gamma-tubulin complex (sensu Saccharomyces)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin large complex
+
+ GO:0000929
+ cellular_component
+ gamma-tubulin large complex (sensu Schizosaccharomyces)
+ A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic mRNA processing body
+
+
+ cytoplasmic foci
+ P body
+ A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. mRNA processing and binding proteins are localized to these foci.
+ Wikipedia:P_body
+ P-body
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adventitious septum
+
+ A cell septum whose formation is independent of nuclear division.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ porous cell septum
+
+ porous septum
+ A septum or cross wall which does not entirely span the space between two portions of cell wall and may contain a specialized central pore structure. A porous septum allows the movement of organelles and/or cytoplasm between compartments.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ barrier septum
+
+ A septum which spans a cell and does not allow exchange of organelles or cytoplasm between compartments.
+ cellular_component
+ complete septum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary cell septum
+
+ A cell septum that forms following nuclear division.
+ primary septum
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dolipore septum
+
+ cellular_component
+ A septum, or cross-wall, between two portions of a cell or hypha; contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure; pore is covered on each side of the septum by a septal pore cap (parenthosome).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GARP complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi associated retrograde protein complex
+ cellular_component
+ VFT tethering complex
+ A quatrefoil tethering complex required for retrograde traffic from the early endosome back to the late Golgi and biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles.
+ Vps fifty three tethering complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner kinetochore of condensed chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA; in mammals the CREST antigens (CENP proteins) are found in this layer; this layer may help define underlying centromeric chromatin structure and position of the kinetochore on the chromosome.
+ inner kinetochore plate
+ inner centromere core complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer kinetochore of condensed chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
+ outer kinetochore plate
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner kinetochore of condensed nuclear chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA; this layer may help define underlying centromeric chromatin structure and position of the kinetochore on the chromosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer kinetochore of condensed nuclear chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retrotransposon nucleocapsid
+
+ A complex of the retrotransposon RNA genome, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and associated molecules required for reproduction and integration of the retrotransposon into the host genome; the main structural molecule of the nucleocapsid is often a gag protein homolog.
+ VLP
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Virus-like_particle
+ Virus-like particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of aromatic amino acids to produce aromatic alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanol, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, or tryptophol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branched chain family amino acid catabolic process to alcohol via Ehrlich pathway
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, or 2-methylpropanol, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanol
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of branched chain amino acids to produce branched chain alcohols with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanol is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives may be produced instead of alcohols.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aromatic amino acid family catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When an aromatic family amino acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan, is used as the substrate, 2-phenylethanoate, 4-hydroxyphenylethanoate, or 2-(Indol-3-yl)-ethanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branched chain family amino acid catabolic process to carboxylic acid via Ehrlich pathway
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When a branched chain family amino acid, leucine, isoleucine, or valine, is used as the substrate, 3-methylbutanoate, 2-methylbutanoate, or 2-methylpropanoate, respectively, is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine catabolic process to 3-methylthiopropanoate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce carboxylic acids with one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. When methionine is used as the substrate, 3-methylthiopropanoate is produced. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of carboxylic acids, sometimes collectively referred to as fusel acids. Depending on the redox state of the cells, alcohol derivatives may be produced instead of carboxylic acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid catabolic process via Ehrlich pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the catabolism of amino acids to produce alcohols or carboxylic acids containing one carbon less than the starting amino acid. In S. cerevisiae, this is known to occur for leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan. Often referred to as the Ehrlich pathway, these reactions generally occur during fermentation to produce a variety of alcohols, often collectively referred to as fusel alcohols. Depending on the redox state of the cells, carboxylic acid derivatives, sometimes referred to as fusel acids, may be produced instead of alcohols.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ nuclear mRNA degradation
+ nuclear mRNA catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs in eukaryotic cells.
+ nuclear mRNA breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial RNA catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial mRNA catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial RNA metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and occurring in the mitochondrion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial RNA catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catabolism in the mitochondrion of RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial RNA processing
+
+
+ The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome into one or more mature RNA molecules; occurs in the mitochondrion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial RNA 5'-end processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.
+ mitochondrial RNA 5' end processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial RNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+ mitochondrial RNA 3' end processing
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule transcribed from a mitochondrial genome; occurs in the mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA 5'-end processing
+
+ RNA 5' end processing
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an RNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA 5'-end processing
+
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of an rRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA exon ligation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the two exons of a pre-tRNA which has had the intron removed are rejoined.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA exon ligation utilizing ATP as source of linkage phosphate
+
+ The process by which the two exons of a pre-tRNA which has had the intron removed are rejoined where the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous ATP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in vertebrate species.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA exon ligation utilizing GTP as source of linkage phosphate
+
+ The process by which the two exons of a pre-tRNA which has had the intron removed are rejoined where the splice junction phosphate is derived from exogenous GTP. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae where the ligation reaction also produces a 2'-phosphate at the splice junction which is subsequently removed as part of the ligation process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA exon ligation utilizing 2',3' cyclic phosphate of 5'-exon as source of linkage phosphate
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the two exons of a pre-tRNA which has had the intron removed are rejoined where the splice junction phosphate is derived from the 2',3' cyclic phosphate at the 3'-end of the 5'-exon. This type of ligation to rejoin the 5' and 3' exons of a tRNA is observed in wheat, Chlamydomonas, and vertebrate species including humans.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of exit from mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).
+ inhibition of exit from mitosis
+ down regulation of exit from mitosis
+ down-regulation of exit from mitosis
+ downregulation of exit from mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to acid
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acid stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chronological cell aging
+
+ The process associated with progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan that occurs when the cell is in a non-dividing, or quiescent, state.
+ biological_process
+ chronological cell ageing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progressive alteration of chromatin during cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent accumulation of genetic damage
+ biological_process
+ progressive alteration of chromatin during cell ageing
+ The process that occurs during the lifespan of the cell that results in changes in chromatin structure. Such changes may lead to gene dysregulation and ultimately to a loss in cell homeostasis, bringing about an aging phenotype.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replicative cell aging
+
+ biological_process
+ replicative cell ageing
+ The process associated with progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan that occurs as the cell continues cycles of growth and division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolar fragmentation during replicative aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolar fragmentation during replicative ageing
+ Process of enlargement and fragmentation of the nucleolus into multiple rounded structures that occurs in conjunction with increasing age in dividing cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progressive alteration of chromatin during replicative cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progressive alteration of chromatin during replicative cell ageing
+ The process that occurs in dividing cells as they age that results in changes to chromatin structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progressive alteration of chromatin during chronological cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that occurs in non-dividing cells as they age that results in changes to chromatin structure.
+ biological_process
+ progressive alteration of chromatin during chronological cell ageing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent response to oxidative stress
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrachromosomal circular DNA accumulation during replicative cell aging
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Increase in abundance of circular DNA molecules in dividing cells as they age. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and then replicated independently of chromosomal replication.
+ extrachromosomal circular DNA accumulation during replicative cell ageing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ loss of chromatin silencing during replicative cell aging
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, which occurs as a dividing cell ages, leading to expression of genes that are typically not expressed due to silencing by regulatory proteins.
+ loss of chromatin silencing during replicative cell ageing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent telomere shortening
+
+
+ Progressive reduction in length of the telomeres, the termini of eukaryotic chromosomes, that occurs as part of the cellular aging process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation during replicative cell aging
+
+ extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA circle accumulation during replicative cell aging
+ biological_process
+ Increase in abundance of circular DNA molecules containing ribosomal DNA repeats in dividing cells as they age. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and then replicated independently of chromosomal replication.
+ extrachromosomal rDNA circle accumulation during replicative cell ageing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of extrachromosomal circular rDNA by homologous recombination during replicative cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of extrachromosomal circular rDNA by homologous recombination during replicative cell ageing
+ biological_process
+ Excision from the chromosome and circularization of DNA molecules encoding ribosomal RNA in dividing cells as they age.
+ formation of extrachromosomal circular ribosomal DNA by homologous recombination during replicative cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication of extrachromosomal rDNA circles during replicative cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication of extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA circles during replicative cell aging
+ replication of extrachromosomal rDNA circles during replicative cell ageing
+ biological_process
+ Replication of rDNA following its excision from the chromosome of dividing cells as they age. Extrachromosomal rDNA forms a circle that contains at least one autonomously replicating sequence (ARS), which supports replication independent of chromosomal replication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA during replicative cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA during replicative cell ageing
+ Excision from the chromosome and circularization of a region of chromosomal DNA, generally, but not always, via homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, in dividing cells as they age.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA during replicative cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome of dividing cells as they age; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.
+ replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA during replicative cell ageing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ age-dependent response to reactive oxygen intermediate
+ age-dependent response to active oxygen species
+ age-dependent response to AOS
+ age-dependent response to ROI
+ age-dependent response to reactive oxidative species
+ age-dependent response to ROS
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species during replicative cell aging
+
+
+ biological_process
+ age-dependent response to reactive oxygen intermediate during replicative cell aging
+ age-dependent response to ROI during replicative cell aging
+ age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species during replicative cell ageing
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism occurring during the process of replicative cell aging as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
+ age-dependent response to reactive oxidative species during replicative cell aging
+ age-dependent response to active oxygen species during replicative cell aging
+ age-dependent response to ROS during replicative cell aging
+ age-dependent response to AOS during replicative cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins during replicative cell aging
+
+ Accumulation of proteins that have undergone reactions with reactive oxygen species in aging dividing cells and exhibit modifications such as increased protein carbonyl content, oxidized methionine, protein hydrophobicity, and cross-linking.
+ biological_process
+ accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins during replicative cell ageing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of oxidatively modified proteins during replicative cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Chemical reaction, between proteins and reactive oxygen species, that occurs in dividing cells as they age and leads to a variety of changes in the affected proteins, including increases in protein carbonyl content, oxidized methionine, protein hydrophobicity, and cross-linking.
+ formation of oxidatively modified proteins during replicative cell ageing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inheritance of oxidatively modified proteins during replicative cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which progeny cells acquire, or are barred from acquiring, proteins that have been altered by reaction with reactive oxygen species in dividing aging cells.
+ inheritance of oxidatively modified proteins during replicative cell ageing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species during chronological cell aging
+
+
+ age-dependent response to AOS during chronological cell aging
+ age-dependent response to ROS during chronological cell aging
+ age-dependent response to reactive oxygen species during chronological cell ageing
+ age-dependent response to active oxygen species during chronological cell aging
+ age-dependent response to reactive oxygen intermediate during chronological cell aging
+ age-dependent response to ROI during chronological cell aging
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism occurring in non-dividing cells as they age as a result of reactive oxygen species, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
+ age-dependent response to reactive oxidative species during chronological cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent general metabolic decline during replicative cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent general metabolic decline during replicative cell ageing
+ The process, arising in dividing cells as they age, that alters cellular metabolism and thus causes a decline in cell function.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent response to oxidative stress during replicative cell aging
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism occurring in dividing cells as they age as a result of oxidative stress, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
+ biological_process
+ age-dependent response to oxidative stress during replicative cell ageing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent general metabolic decline during chronological cell aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent general metabolic decline during chronological cell ageing
+ The process, arising in non-dividing cells as they age, that alters cellular metabolism and thus causes a decline in cell function.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent response to oxidative stress during chronological cell aging
+
+
+ biological_process
+ age-dependent response to oxidative stress during chronological cell ageing
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism occurring in non-dividing cells as they age as a result of oxidative stress, where the change varies according to the age of the cell or organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Excision from the chromosome and circularization of a region of chromosomal DNA, generally, but not always, via homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Replication of circular DNA following excision from the chromosome; replication of extrachromosomal circular DNA generally occurs independently of chromosomal replication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating projection base
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region where the mating projection meets the bulk of the cell, in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.
+ base of shmoo tip
+ cellular_component
+ conjugation tube base
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial sorting and assembly machinery complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SAM complex
+ See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex ; GO:0005742'.
+ TOB complex
+ cellular_component
+ A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates sorting of some imported proteins to the outer membrane and their assembly in the membrane; functions after import of incoming proteins by the mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal transduction during filamentous growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Relaying of environmental signals promoting filamentous growth.
+ biological_process
+ MAPKKK cascade (pseudohyphal growth)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ invasive growth in response to glucose limitation
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to describe the invasion of host tissues by pathogenic organisms, which is described by the biological process term 'invasive growth', nor should it be used to describe growth of diseased cells of an organism into the surrounding normal tissue, which is outside of the scope of GO.
+ colony morphology
+ invasive growth (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ biological_process
+ A growth pattern exhibited by budding haploid cells under certain growth conditions, in which cells retain the typical axial budding pattern of haploids, but become elongated and fail to separate after division; during growth on a solid substrate, this results in penetration of cells into the agar medium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ presequence translocase-associated import motor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ pre-sequence translocase-associated import motor
+ Protein complex located on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associated with the presequence translocase complex; hydrolyzes ATP to provide the force to drive import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix.
+ PAM complex
+ mitochondrial import motor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerophosphodiester transport
+
+ The directed movement of glycerophosphodiesters into, out of, within or between cells. Glycerophosphodiesters are small molecules composed of glycerol-3-phosphate and an alcohol, for example, glycerophosphoinositol.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanine nucleotide transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of guanine nucleotides, GTP, GDP, and/or GMP, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlamydospore formation
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the chlamydospore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A chlamydospores is a mitotic (asexual) one-celled spore, produced primarily for survival, not dispersal, originating endogenously and singly within part of a pre-existing cell and possessing an inner secondary and often thickened cell wall.
+ GO:0055027
+ chlamydospore development (sensu Candida albicans)
+ chlamydospore development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyphal tip
+
+ cellular_component
+ The end, or tip, of a fungal hypha, where polarized growth occurs during hyphal elongation.
+ goslim_candida
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal system development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).
+ biological_process
+ skeletal development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cartilage condensation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ossification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
+ Wikipedia:Ossification
+ biological_process
+ bone biosynthesis
+ bone formation
+ osteogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter uptake
+
+
+ neurotransmitter reuptake
+ neurotransmitter import into neuron
+ biological_process
+ neurotransmitter import
+ neurotransmitter import into glial cell
+ The directed movement of neurotransmitters into neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters. It does not occur during cholinergic synaptic transmission. Instead, acetylcholine is enzymatically degraded in the synaptic cleft.
+ neurotransmitter recycling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neurotransmitter levels
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates levels of neurotransmitter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleft
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine that occurs in the synaptic cleft during synaptic transmission.
+ biological_process
+ acetylcholine breakdown in synaptic cleft
+ acetylcholine degradation in synaptic cleft
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of action potential
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. An action potential is a spike of membrane depolarization and repolarization that travels along the membrane of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA methylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Posttranscriptional addition of a methyl group to either a nucleotide or 2'-O ribose in a polyribonucleotide. Usually uses S-adenosylmethionine as a cofactor.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ selenocysteine incorporation
+
+ The incorporation of selenocysteine into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UGA codon as selenocysteine, rather than as a termination codon. Selenocysteine is synthesized from serine before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0022
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ prostaglandin formation
+ prostaglandin synthesis
+ prostaglandin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.
+ prostaglandin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ voltage-gated sodium channel complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ voltage-sensitive sodium channel complex
+ voltage-dependent sodium channel complex
+ voltage gated sodium channel complex
+ A sodium channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide amidation
+
+ The posttranslational conversion of C-terminal glycine-extended peptides to C-terminal alpha-amidated peptides. Occurs to over half of all peptide hormones to give bioactive peptides. This is a two step process catalyzed by a peptidyl-glycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase. In some organisms, this process is catalyzed by two separate enzymes, whereas in higher organisms, one polypeptide catalyzes both reactions.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer dense fiber
+
+ outer dense fibre
+ cellular_component
+ Structure or material found in the flagella of mammalian sperm that surrounds each of the nine microtubule doublets, giving a 9 + 9 + 2 arrangement rather than the 9 + 2 pattern usually seen. These dense fibers are stiff and noncontractile.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudouridine synthesis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule. This posttranscriptional base modification occurs in tRNA, rRNA, and snRNAs.
+ pseudouridylation
+ Wikipedia:Pseudouridylation
+ Wikipedia:Pseudouridine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinoid metabolic process
+
+ retinoid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoids, any member of a class of isoprenoids that contain or are derived from four prenyl groups linked head-to-tail. Retinoids include retinol and retinal and structurally similar natural derivatives or synthetic compounds, but need not have vitamin A activity.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angiogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood vessel formation from pre-existing blood vessels
+ biological_process
+ Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
+ Wikipedia:Angiogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microfibril
+
+ cellular_component
+ fibrillin
+ Extracellular matrix components occurring independently or along with elastin. Thought to have force-bearing functions in tendon. In addition to fibrillins, microfibrils may contain other associated proteins.
+ extended fibrils
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cornified envelope
+
+ An insoluble protein structure formed under the plasma membrane of cornifying epithelial cells.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial spoke
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Radial_spoke
+ cellular_component
+ Protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. Composed of a stalk that attaches to each doublet microtubule and a globular structure (spoke head) that projects toward the central pair of microtubules.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial spokehead
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Protein complex forming part of eukaryotic flagellar apparatus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial spoke stalk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Globular portion of the radial spoke that projects towards the central pair of microtubules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ciliary or flagellar motility
+
+ ciliary/flagellar motility
+ gosubset_prok
+ Cell motility due to movement of cilia or flagella.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian follicle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ follicular phase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovulation from ovarian follicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process leading to the rupture of the follicle, releasing the centrally located oocyte into the oviduct.
+ ovulation (sensu Mammalia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian follicle rupture
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Disruption of theca cell layer releasing follicular fluid and/or the oocyte.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initiation of primordial ovarian follicle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Increase in size of primordial follicles including proliferation and shape changes of granulosa and/or theca cells until oocyte is surrounded by one layer of cuboidal shaped granulosa cells (primary follicle).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary ovarian follicle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ preantral ovarian follicle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Increase in size of follicles surrounded by two or more layers of granulosa cells up to the onset of antrum formation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antral ovarian follicle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Increase in size of antral follicles due to cell proliferation and/or growth of the antral cavity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ovarian follicle antrum/follicular fluid biosynthesis
+ ovarian follicle antrum/follicular fluid formation
+ The menstrual cycle process by which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed during the various stages of oogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cumulus cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian cumulus cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a subpopulation of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte acquires the specialized features of an ovarian cumulus cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian cumulus expansion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian cumulus growth
+ Increase in size of the cumulus surrounding the oocyte including change in morphology due to proliferation and dispersion of cumulus cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian follicle endowment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Association of oocytes with supporting epithelial granulosa cells to form primordial follicles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian follicle atresia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ovarian follicle demise mediated by apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luteinization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Luteinization
+ biological_process
+ The set of processes resulting in differentiation of theca and granulosa cells into luteal cells and in the formation of a corpus luteum after ovulation.
+ luteal phase
+ Wikipedia:Luteal_phase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luteolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Regression of ovarian corpora lutea.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Luteolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an oocyte irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Oocyte_maturation
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an oocyte to attain its fully functional state. Oocyte maturation commences after reinitiation of meiosis commonly starting with germinal vesicle breakdown, and continues up to the second meiotic arrest prior to fertilization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:110498
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell growth by detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process whereby the size of the nucleus with respect to the cytoplasm modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.
+ interpretation of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio to regulate cell growth
+ regulation of cell growth by sensing of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
+ detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio to regulate cell growth
+ regulation of cell growth by nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell growth by detection of exogenous stimulus
+ interpretation of external signals that regulate cell growth
+ Any process whereby external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time.
+ regulation of growth by exogenous stimuli
+ regulation of growth by exogenous signal
+ regulation of cell growth by sensing of exogenous stimulus
+ regulation of growth by exogenous stimulus
+ biological_process
+ regulation of growth by external stimulus
+ regulation of growth by external signal
+ regulation of growth by external stimuli
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid alpha-oxidation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Pathway by which 3-methyl branched fatty acids are degraded. These compounds are not degraded by the normal peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, because the 3-methyl blocks the dehydrogenation of the hydroxyl group by hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The 3-methyl branched fatty acid is converted in several steps to pristenic acid, which can then feed into the beta-oxidative pathway.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2501
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to protozoan
+
+ response to protozoon
+ GO:0042833
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a protozoan.
+ resistance to pathogenic protozoa
+ response to protozoa
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of protozoan
+
+
+
+ detection of protozoon
+ perception of protozoa
+ detection of protozoa
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a protozoan is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood vessel development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ patterning of blood vessels
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that regulates the coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system.
+ branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasculogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Vasculogenesis
+ vascular morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactosylceramide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ lactosylceramide biosynthesis
+ lactosylceramide anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal beta(1,4)Glc beta(1,1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.
+ lactosylceramide formation
+ lactosylceramide synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ganglioside metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.
+ biological_process
+ ganglioside metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ganglioside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ganglioside synthesis
+ ganglioside biosynthesis
+ ganglioside anabolism
+ ganglioside formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramide oligosaccharides carrying in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic acid residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ globoside metabolic process
+
+
+ globoside metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving globosides, globotetraosylceramides, ceramides containing a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1,3)-Gal-alpha(1,4)Glc(I). Globosides are the major neutral glycosphingolipid in normal kidneys and erythrocytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ globoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ globoside synthesis
+ globoside biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ globoside formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ceramide with a core structure of GalNAc-beta-(1,3)-Gal-alpha(1,4)Glc(I).
+ biological_process
+ globoside anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule bundle formation
+
+ A process that results in a parallel arrangement of microtubules.
+ microtubule bundling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medium-chain fatty acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of medium-chain fatty acids into, out of, within or between cells. Medium-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bitter taste detection
+ sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of bitter taste
+ biological_process
+ sensory detection of bitter taste
+ perception of bitter taste, detection of chemical stimulus
+ sensory transduction of bitter taste
+ sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of bitter taste
+ perception of bitter taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perception of sour taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ biological_process
+ sensory detection of sour taste
+ sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of sour taste
+ sensory transduction of sour taste
+ sour taste detection
+ The series of events required for a sour taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
+ sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of sour taste
+ perception of sour taste, detection of chemical stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sweet taste
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perception of sweet taste, detection of chemical stimulus
+ sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of sweet taste
+ sensory transduction of sweet taste
+ sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of sweet taste
+ biological_process
+ sweet taste detection
+ The series of events required for a sweet taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
+ perception of sweet taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ sensory detection of sweet taste
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of salty taste
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory transduction of salty taste
+ sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of salty taste
+ perception of salty taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ salty taste detection
+ sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of salty taste
+ perception of salty taste, detection of chemical stimulus
+ The series of events required for a salty taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+ sensory detection of salty taste
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoblast cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, the mesodermal cell that gives rise to bone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibrillar center
+
+ A structure found most metazoan nucleoli, but not usually found in lower eukaryotes; surrounded by the dense fibrillar component; the zone of transcription from multiple copies of the pre-rRNA genes is in the border region between these two structures.
+ cellular_component
+ fibrillar centre
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dense fibrillar component
+
+ cellular_component
+ A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains newly synthesized preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and a collection of proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granular component
+
+ cellular_component
+ A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains nearly completed preribosomal particles destined for the cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye development
+
+ Wikipedia:Eye_development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0042460
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urogenital system development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urogenital system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metanephros development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus which develops into the kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ureteric bud development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ureteric bud branching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Branching of the ureteric bud.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ temperature homeostasis
+
+
+ A homeostatic process by which an organism modulates its internal body temperature.
+ thermoregulation
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Thermoregulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fever
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A rise in body temperature above the normal, often as a response to infection.
+ pyrexia
+ Wikipedia:Fever
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conditioned taste aversion
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Conditioned_taste_aversion
+ biological_process
+ A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus.
+ Wikipedia:Taste_aversion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral fear response
+
+
+ behavioural fear response
+ An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to hypoxia
+
+
+ response to hypoxic stress
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to anoxia ; GO:0034059'. Note that in laboratory studies, hypoxia is typically studied at O2 concentrations ranging from 0.1 - 5%.
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
+ response to lowered oxygen tension
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ameboidal cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ amoeboid cell migration
+ ameboid cell migration
+ Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
+ amoeboidal cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acrosomal vesicle
+
+ acrosome
+ A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome.
+ Wikipedia:Acrosome
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
+ regulation of chromatin assembly/disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ cell nucleus
+
+ GO:0043081
+ male germ-cell nucleus
+ male germ cell nucleus (sensu Metazoa)
+ cellular_component
+ male germ-cell nucleus (sensu Metazoa)
+ The nucleus of a male germ cell, a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes, and its descendents.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ cell nucleus
+
+ female germ-cell nucleus
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0043080
+ female germ-cell nucleus (sensu Animalia)
+ The nucleus of the female germ cell, a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes, and its descendents.
+ female germ cell nucleus (sensu Metazoa)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acrosome assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of the acrosome from the spermatid Golgi.
+ biological_process
+ acrosome formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long-chain fatty acid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving long-chain fatty acids, aliphatic compounds having a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length of C12-18.
+ long-chain fatty acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of translation initiation ternary complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ translation initiation ternary complex assembly
+ Formation of a complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2 (either eIF2 in eukaryotes, or IF2 in prokaryotes). In prokaryotes, fMet-tRNA (initiator) is used rather than Met-tRNA (initiator).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular glucose homeostasis
+
+
+ A cellular homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of glucose within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell glucose homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA 3'-terminal CCA addition
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Post-transcriptional addition of the terminal 3' CCA sequence to a tRNA which does not encode this sequence within the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA 5'-leader removal
+
+ Generation of the mature 5'-end of the tRNA, usually via an endonucleolytic cleavage by RNase P.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ tRNA 5' leader removal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
+ histamine metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ histamine formation
+ histamine anabolism
+ GO:0001693
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
+ histamine biosynthesis
+ histamine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ histamine breakdown
+ histamine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histamine, a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
+ histamine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gastric acid secretion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ hydrochloric acid secretion
+ The regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine-induced gastric acid secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of gastric acid induced by the interaction of histamine with H2 type receptor receptors with subsequent activation of adenylate cyclase and elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion
+
+ The regulated release of gastric acid induced by the interaction of gastrin with its receptor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetylcholine-induced gastric acid secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of gastric acid by parietal cells in response to acetylcholine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic development via the syncytial blastoderm
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through syncytial blastoderm to the hatching of the first instar larva.
+ embryonic development (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ in utero embryonic development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth.
+ biological_process
+ embryonic development (sensu Mammalia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gastrulation with mouth forming second
+
+ gastrulation (sensu Vertebrata)
+ GO:0010003
+ GO:0048276
+ gastrulation (sensu Mammalia)
+ A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. In Deuterostomes the initial blastopore becomes the anus and the mouth forms second.
+ biological_process
+ gastrulation (sensu Deuterostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gastrulation with mouth forming first
+
+ gastrulation (sensu Protostomia)
+ A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. In Protostomes the initial blastopore becomes the mouth and the anus forms second.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of primary germ layer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm during gastrulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectoderm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of ectoderm during gastrulation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoderm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Cell_fate_determination
+ biological_process
+ Process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesodermal cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm cell fate commitment
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell becomes committed to become part of the mesoderm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endodermal cell fate commitment
+
+ endoderm cell fate commitment
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell becomes committed to become part of the endoderm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectodermal cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ectoderm cell fate commitment
+ The process by which a cell becomes committed to become part of the ectoderm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ ectoderm cell fate determination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ endoderm cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an ectoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+ ectoderm cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conversion of seryl-tRNAsec to selenocys-tRNAsec
+
+ Process whereby serine carried by a specialized tRNA(ser) (which can read a UGA anticodon) is converted to selenocysteine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conversion of met-tRNAf to fmet-tRNA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-methionine N-formylation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process whereby methionine carried by an initiator methionine tRNA is N-formylated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conversion of lysyl-tRNA to pyrrolysyl-tRNA
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Process whereby lysine carried by a specialized lysine-accepting tRNA (possessing a CUA anticodon) is converted to pyrrolysine (a lysine with an amide linkage to a (4R,5R)-4-substituted pyrroline-5-carboxylate).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stress fiber
+
+
+ A contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short
+actin filaments with alternating polarity, cross-linked by alpha-actinin and possibly other actin bundling proteins, and with myosin present in a periodic distribution along the fiber.
+ actin cable
+ cellular_component
+ stress fibre
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ruffle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ membrane ruffle
+ Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of translation preinitiation complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of translation pre-initiation complex
+ The joining of the small ribosomal subunit, ternary complex, and mRNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ translation preinitiation complex assembly
+ See also the cellular component terms 'eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex ; GO:0016282', 'eukaryotic 48S initiation complex ; GO:0016283', and their children.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of translation initiation complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translation initiation complex assembly
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Joining of the large subunit, with release of IF2/eIF2 and IF3/eIF3. This leaves the functional ribosome at the AUG, with the methionyl/formyl-methionyl-tRNA positioned at the P site.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of planar polarity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of planar cell polarity
+ biological_process
+ Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Orientation of hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing along a proximal-distal axis, such that each cell of the wing produces one wing hair which points in a distal direction.
+ biological_process
+ establishment of wing hair orientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of polarized epithelium are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.
+ epithelial polarization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sex chromatin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A condensed mass of compacted chromatin that represents an inactivated X chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Barr body
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Barr_body
+ A structure found in a female mammalian cell containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ XY body
+
+ cellular_component
+ A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oenocyte differentiation
+
+ oenocyte cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oenocyte. Oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic placode formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of an eye.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic lobe placode formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic lobe placode formation (sensu Drosophila)
+ optic placode formation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ Establishment of the optic placode, a thickened area of densely packed ectoderm cells directly overlying the optic vesicle in the early embryo. In Drosophila, for example, the placode appears in the dorsolateral region of the head in late stage 11 embryos and is the precursor to the larval visual system.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0007457
+ optic lobe and Bolwig's organ precursor formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ compound eye morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ insect-type retina morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the compound eye are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The adult compound eye is a precise assembly of 700-800 ommatidia. Each ommatidium is composed of 20 cells, identified by cell type and position.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bolwig's organ morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the larval eye in Drosophila are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic lobe placode development
+
+ optic lobe and Bolwig's organ precursor development
+ biological_process
+ embryonic eye morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic placode over time, from its formation to the mature structure. During embryonic stage 12 the placode starts to invaginate, forming a pouch. Cells that will form Bolwig's organ segregate from the ventral lip of this pouch, remaining in the head epidermis. The remainder of the invagination loses contact with the outer surface and becomes the optic lobe.
+ GO:0048049
+ optic placode development (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor outer segment
+
+ The outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor that contains discs of photoreceptive membranes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye photoreceptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ eye photoreceptor cell differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an eye photoreceptor cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye photoreceptor fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye photoreceptor fate commitment (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ photoreceptor fate commitment (sensu Endopterygota)
+ GO:0007459
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a compound eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye photoreceptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell, as found in the eye, the primary visual organ of most organisms.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural crest cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somitogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Somitogenesis
+ biological_process
+ formation of mesodermal clusters
+ The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somite specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which individual somites establish identity during embryogenesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of an organ
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes them to change their fates and specify the development of an organ.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-alanine transport
+
+ The directed movement of beta-alanine, 3-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphogenesis of a branching structure
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes.
+ branching morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Neural_development
+ Wikipedia:Neuron_migration
+ The characteristic movement of immature neurons from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.
+ neuronal migration
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane raft formation
+
+
+ lipid raft formation
+ Formation of a membrane raft, a small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalizes cellular processes.
+ membrane raft assembly
+ biological_process
+ lipid raft assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane raft polarization
+
+ lipid raft polarization
+ biological_process
+ The clustering and aggregation of membrane rafts at a single cellular pole during activation of particular cell types, such as lymphocytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of lymphocyte polarity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lymphocyte polarization
+ The directed orientation of lymphocyte signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with an appropriate activating cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of T cell polarity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-cell polarization
+ T cell polarization
+ T lymphocyte polarization
+ biological_process
+ establishment of T lymphocyte polarity
+ The directed orientation of T cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with antigen presenting cell.
+ establishment of T-cell polarity
+ establishment of T-lymphocyte polarity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of B cell polarity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that 'antigen displaying cell' in this term encompasses cell types such as follicular dendritic cells which display the unprocessed antigens of a B cell, leading to activation of the B cells and antigen uptake and processing by the B cells.
+ biological_process
+ B lymphocyte polarization
+ establishment of B lymphocyte polarity
+ B-cell polarization
+ establishment of B-cell polarity
+ The directed orientation of B cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient of a contact point with an antigen displaying cell.
+ establishment of B-lymphocyte polarity
+ B cell polarization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of natural killer cell polarity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ natural killer cell polarization
+ establishment of NK cell polarity
+ NK cell polarization
+ The directed orientation of natural killer cell signaling molecules and associated membrane rafts towards a chemokine gradient or a contact point with a cell displaying natural killer cell activating ligands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of immunological synapse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of an area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and target cell, which facilitates activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunological synapse
+
+ supramolecular activation cluster
+ c-SMAC
+ Wikipedia:Immunological_synapse
+ cellular_component
+ An area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell formed through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated membrane rafts on both the lymphocyte and the target cell and facilitating activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid dendritic cell activation
+
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microglial cell activation
+
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell activation
+
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte homeostasis
+
+
+ immune cell homeostasis
+ leucocyte homeostasis
+ The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term represents the return of immune system cell levels to stable numbers following an immune response as well as the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system required to maintain stable numbers in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell homeostatic proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The non-specific expansion of T cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of T cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.
+ T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
+ resting T cell proliferation
+ resting T-cell proliferation
+ T-cell homeostatic proliferation
+ T lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The resealing of a cell plasma membrane after cellular wounding due to, for instance, mechanical stress.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell differentiation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell.
+ NK cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil homeostasis
+
+ Note that this term represents the return of neutrophil levels to stable numbers following an immune response as well as the proliferation and elimination of neutrophils required to maintain stable numbers in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+ The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of neutrophils such that the total number of neutrophils within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ programmed cell death of neutrophils by apoptosis
+ The process of apoptosis in neutrophils.
+ apoptosis of neutrophils
+ biological_process
+ programmed cell death, neutrophils
+ neutrophil programmed cell death by apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell homeostasis
+
+ B lymphocyte homeostasis
+ The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+ B-cell homeostasis
+ B-lymphocyte homeostasis
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term represents the return of B cell levels to stable numbers following an immune response as well as the proliferation and elimination of B cells required to maintain stable numbers in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell apoptosis
+
+ programmed cell death of B-lymphocytes by apoptosis
+ B lymphocyte programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ apoptosis of B-lymphocytes
+ apoptosis of B lymphocytes
+ programmed cell death of B cells by apoptosis
+ The process of apoptosis in B cells.
+ B lymphocyte apoptosis
+ programmed cell death of B lymphocytes by apoptosis
+ B cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ apoptosis of B cells
+ programmed cell death of B-cells by apoptosis
+ B-cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ programmed cell death, B lymphocytes
+ programmed cell death, B cells
+ B-lymphocyte apoptosis
+ programmed cell death, B-lymphocytes
+ programmed cell death, B-cells
+ biological_process
+ B-cell apoptosis
+ B-lymphocyte programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ apoptosis of B-cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell proliferation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ NK cell proliferation
+ The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity
+ antibody dependent cell killing
+ Wikipedia:Antibody-dependent_cell-mediated_cytotoxicity
+ type VI hypersensitivity
+ Cytolysis of target cells by natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages following engagement of antibodies bound to the target cells by Fc receptors on the effector cells.
+ antibody-dependent cell killing
+ antibody-dependent cell death
+ antibody dependent cell death
+ biological_process
+ ADCC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G-protein signaling, coupled to S1P second messenger (sphingosine kinase activating)
+
+ G protein signaling, coupled to S1P second messenger (sphingosine kinase activating)
+ biological_process
+ A G-protein coupled signaling pathway that results in the activation of sphingosine kinase, causing an increase in cellular levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate.
+ G-protein signalling, coupled to S1P second messenger (sphingosine kinase activating)
+ G protein signalling, coupled to S1P second messenger (sphingosine kinase activating)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type IIa hypersensitivity
+
+ Note that some type IIb hypersensitivity responses (GO:0001795) are referred to simply as type II hypersensitivity in the earlier literature, but are mechanistically distinct from type IIa hypersensitivity.
+ An inflammatory response resulting in cell death mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis or cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type IIb hypersensitivity
+
+ Note that some type IIa hypersensitivity response (GO:0001794) are referred to simply as type II hypersensitivity in the earlier literature, but are mechanistically distinct from type IIb hypersensitivity.
+ type V hypersensitivity
+ An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ down-regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
+ inhibition of type IIa hypersensitivity
+ down regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
+ upregulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
+ up regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
+ up-regulation of type IIa hypersensitivity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIa hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ activation of type IIa hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ downregulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
+ down regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
+ inhibition of type IIb hypersensitivity
+ down-regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IIb hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ activation of type IIb hypersensitivity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
+ upregulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
+ stimulation of type IIb hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type III hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that the Arthus reaction is an example of type III hypersensitivity.
+ An inflammatory response resulting from recognition of immune complexes via complement or Fc receptors on effector cells leading to activation of neutrophils and other leukocytes and damage to bystander tissue.
+ Wikipedia:Type_III_hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of type III hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of type III hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of type III hypersensitivity
+ down-regulation of type III hypersensitivity
+ inhibition of type III hypersensitivity
+ down regulation of type III hypersensitivity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of type III hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type III hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ up regulation of type III hypersensitivity
+ upregulation of type III hypersensitivity
+ up-regulation of type III hypersensitivity
+ activation of type III hypersensitivity
+ stimulation of type III hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type IV hypersensitivity
+
+
+ delayed hypersensitivity response
+ delayed-type hypersensitivity
+ GO:0016069
+ Wikipedia:Type_IV_hypersensitivity
+ biological_process
+ An inflammatory response driven by T cell recognition of processed soluble or cell-associated antigens leading to cytokine release and leukocyte activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of type IV hypersensitivity
+ down-regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
+ downregulation of type IV hypersensitivity
+ down regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type IV hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ activation of type IV hypersensitivity
+ upregulation of type IV hypersensitivity
+ stimulation of type IV hypersensitivity
+ up regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
+ up-regulation of type IV hypersensitivity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of type I hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of type I hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ down-regulation of type I hypersensitivity
+ down regulation of type I hypersensitivity
+ downregulation of type I hypersensitivity
+ inhibition of type I hypersensitivity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of type I hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of type I hypersensitivity
+ stimulation of type I hypersensitivity
+ up regulation of type I hypersensitivity
+ activation of type I hypersensitivity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of type I hypersensitivity, a type of inflammatory response.
+ upregulation of type I hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of antibody-dependent cell killing
+ regulation of antibody-dependent cell death
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
+ regulation of antibody dependent cell death
+ regulation of antibody dependent cell killing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
+ downregulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+ negative regulation of antibody dependent cell killing
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+ negative regulation of antibody-dependent cell death
+ down-regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+ inhibition of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+ negative regulation of antibody dependent cell death
+ negative regulation of antibody-dependent cell killing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
+ activation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+ positive regulation of antibody dependent cell death
+ up-regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+ up regulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+ positive regulation of antibody-dependent cell death
+ positive regulation of antibody-dependent cell killing
+ upregulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+ stimulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of antibody dependent cell killing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokine production
+
+ goslim_pir
+ Note that this term is intended for use when a gene product is seen to cause apparent increases in intracellular or extracellular cytokine levels, without specific regard as to whether the increase is due to increased biosynthesis, increased secretion of preexisting cytokine molecules, or increased conversion from precursor molecules.
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a cytokine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of cytokine production
+ downregulation of cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of production of a cytokine.
+ down regulation of cytokine production
+ inhibition of cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of cytokine production
+ up-regulation of cytokine production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of production of a cytokine.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of cytokine production
+ activation of cytokine production
+ stimulation of cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin secretion
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of serotonin by a cell or group of cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system, enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract and some immune system cells.
+ 5-HT secretion
+ 5-hydroxytryptamine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine secretion
+
+ The regulated release of histamine by a cell or group of cells. It is formed by decarboxylation of histidine and it acts through receptors in smooth muscle and in secretory systems.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kidney development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Kidney_development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesonephros development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesonephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesonephros is a transient excretory organ of the embryo.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blastocyst development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS5, embryo ; EMAP:23', 'TS5, inner cell mass ; EMAP:24' and 'TS5, trophectoderm; EMAP:28'.
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the blastocyst over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammalian blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells containing two cell types, the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blastocyst formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The initial formation of a blastocyst from a solid ball of cells known as a morula.
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology term 'TS3, compacted morula ; EMAP:9'.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner cell mass cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, inner cell mass ; EMAP:14'.
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an inner cell mass cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner cell mass cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become inner cell mass cells.
+ biological_process
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, compacted morula ; EMAP:13' and 'TS4, inner cell mass ; EMAP:14'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner cell mass cellular morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, inner cell mass ; EMAP:14' and 'TS5, inner cell mass ; EMAP:24'.
+ The morphogenesis of cells in the inner cell mass.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trophectodermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, trophectoderm ; EMAP:19'.
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trophectoderm cell.
+ biological_process
+ trophectoderm cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trophectodermal cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, trophectoderm ; EMAP:19'.
+ biological_process
+ The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become trophectoderm cells.
+ trophectoderm cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trophectodermal cellular morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, trophectoderm ; EMAP:19', 'TS5, trophectoderm ; EMAP:28' and 'TS6, trophectoderm ; EMAP:39'.
+ The morphogenesis of trophectoderm cells.
+ trophectoderm cellular morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blastocyst growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, blastocoelic cavity ; EMAP:17', 'TS5, blastocoelic cavity ; EMAP:27' and 'TS6, blastocoelic cavity ; EMAP:36'.
+ An increase in size of a blastocyst due to expansion of the blastocoelic cavity cell shape changes and cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner cell mass cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, inner cell mass ; EMAP:14' and 'TS5, inner cell mass ; EMAP:24'.
+ The proliferation of cells in the inner cell mass.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trophectodermal cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, trophectoderm ; EMAP:19', 'TS5, trophectoderm ; EMAP:28' and 'TS6, trophectoderm ; EMAP:39'.
+ biological_process
+ trophectoderm cell proliferation
+ The proliferation of cells in the trophectoderm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blastocyst hatching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The hatching of the cellular blastocyst from the zona pellucida.
+ biological_process
+ See also the Anatomical Dictionary for Mouse Development ontology terms 'TS4, zona pellucida ; EMAP:22' and 'TS5, embryo ; EMAP:23'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial to mesenchymal transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
+ EMT
+ epithelial-mesenchymal transition
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic epithelial tube formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The morphogenesis of an embryonic epithelium into a tube-shaped structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural plate morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the neural plate are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The neural plate is a specialized region of columnar epithelial cells in the dorsal ectoderm that will give rise to nervous system tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural plate development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural tube formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Neurulation
+ neural tube morphogenesis
+ The formation of a tube from the flat layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. This will give rise to the central nervous system.
+ biological_process
+ neurulation
+ GO:0001679
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural fold formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the edges of the neural plate thicken and move up to form a U-shaped structure called the neural groove.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural tube closure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane during induction of apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:221101
+ Reactome:229760
+ Reactome:221120
+ Reactome:229762
+ Reactome:139909
+ Reactome:221100
+ Reactome:114264
+ Reactome:139905
+ Reactome:211313
+ Note that this term is intended to cover the insertion of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax or its homologs into mitochondrial membranes which occurs as an early step in the apoptotic program.
+ Reactome:140216
+ Reactome:211292
+ Reactome:211290
+ insertion of proteins into mitochondrial membranes during the induction of apoptosis
+ The process by which a protein is incorporated into a mitochondrial membrane as an early step in apoptosis.
+ Reactome:211294
+ Reactome:237763
+ Reactome:237765
+ Reactome:139919
+ biological_process
+ protein insertion into mitochondrion membrane during induction of apoptosis
+ Reactome:139914
+ Reactome:211310
+ Reactome:221103
+ Reactome:211289
+ Reactome:221105
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagolysosome formation
+
+
+ late phagosome biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a phagosome, a vesicle formed by phagocytosis, fuses with a lysosome.
+ phagolysosome assembly
+ late phagosome formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NK T cell differentiation
+
+ NK T lymphocyte differentiation
+ natural T cell differentiation
+ NK T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ NK T-cell differentiation
+ NKT cell differentiation
+ natural killer T cell differentiation
+ NT cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a NK T cell.
+ Note that NK T cells are a distinct lineage of T cells expressing natural killer cell markers and having T cell receptors characterized by the usage of a restricted repertoire of variable region gene segments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NK T cell proliferation
+
+ NK T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ The expansion of a NK T cell population by cell division.
+ natural killer T cell proliferation
+ NK T-cell proliferation
+ natural T cell proliferation
+ NT cell proliferation
+ NKT cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ Note that NK T cells are a distinct lineage of T cells expressing natural killer cell markers and having T cell receptors characterized by the usage of a restricted repertoire of variable region gene segments.
+ NK T lymphocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ complement activation, lectin pathway
+
+
+ Note that proteins such as mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and certain serum ficolins can activate the lectin complement pathway.
+ Reactome:166662
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:221386
+ Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the lectin pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.
+ Reactome:230022
+ Reactome:211612
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the lectin pathway of complement activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
+ downregulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of complement activation by the lectin pathway.
+ inhibition of complement activation, lectin pathway
+ down regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
+ activation of complement activation, lectin pathway
+ up-regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
+ up regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the lectin pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to yeast
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a yeast species.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of yeast
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a yeast is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mullerian duct regression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the Mullerian ducts, primordia of the oviducts, uterus and upper vagina, undergo regression in male embryos.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor recycling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which receptor molecules are returned to an active state and in an active cellular location after they have been stimulated by a ligand. An active state is when the receptor is ready to receive a signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The progression of an endothelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial cell morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs during the differentiation of an endothelial cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ selenium metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element selenium or compounds that contain selenium, such as selenocysteine.
+ selenium metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ liver development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ placenta development
+
+
+ biological_process
+ placental development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocytic cup
+
+ cellular_component
+ An invagination of the cell membrane formed by an actin dependent process during phagocytosis. Following internalization it is converted into a phagosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic placenta development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maternal placenta development
+
+ Maternally driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tissue homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tissue maintenance
+ A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within a defined tissue of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retina homeostasis
+
+ A tissue homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the retina of the eye, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autolysis
+
+ The spontaneous death by lysis of bacteria in response to environmental conditions.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Autolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
+
+
+
+ The killing by an organism of a cell in its host organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ cytolysis by organism of host cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+ down-regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ inhibition by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+ down regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ downregulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytolysis by symbiont of host cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+ up-regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+ activation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+ up regulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+ stimulation by symbiont of cytolysis of host cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of membrane attack complex
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of TCC
+ The activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade which can result in death of a target cell through cytolysis.
+ activation of the terminal complement cascade
+ activation of MAC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell killing
+
+ biological_process
+ necrosis
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process in an organism that results in the killing of its own cells or those of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ killing by symbiont of host cells
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+ leucocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ The directed killing of a target cell by a leukocyte.
+ biological_process
+ immune cell mediated cell death
+ immune cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ immune cell mediated cell killing
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was moved. Note that this term and its children describe contact-dependent killing of target cells by lymphocytes and myeloid cells of the immune system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immune cell mediated cell death
+ biological_process
+ regulation of leucocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ regulation of immune cell mediated cell killing
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.
+ regulation of immune cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ negative regulation of leucocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.
+ down-regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ down regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ negative regulation of immune cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity.
+ positive regulation of immune cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ activation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ positive regulation of leucocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ stimulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ up regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ up-regulation of leukocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+ T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ T cell mediated apoptosis
+ T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ T cell mediated cytolysis
+ T-cell mediated cell death
+ biological_process
+ T-cell mediated cell killing
+ Note that either or both mechanisms mentioned in the definition may be used in this process. Note that both granule release and the engagement of death receptors on target cells result in the induction of apoptosis in the target cell. Note that both CD4 and CD8 positive T cells can mediate apoptosis of target cells, independently of their definition as 'helper' T cells or not.
+ T cell mediated cell killing
+ The directed killing of a target cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
+ T-cell mediated apoptosis
+ T cell mediated cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell mediated cell death
+ regulation of T-cell mediated cell death
+ regulation of T-cell mediated apoptosis
+ regulation of T-cell mediated cell killing
+ regulation of T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ regulation of T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ regulation of T cell mediated cytolysis
+ regulation of T cell mediated cell killing
+ regulation of T cell mediated apoptosis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ regulation of T-cell mediated cytolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell mediated apoptosis
+ inhibition of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of T cell mediated cytolysis
+ negative regulation of T-cell mediated cell killing
+ down-regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ negative regulation of T cell mediated cell killing
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
+ negative regulation of T-cell mediated cytolysis
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ negative regulation of T-cell mediated cell death
+ down regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ downregulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ negative regulation of T cell mediated cell death
+ negative regulation of T-cell mediated apoptosis
+ negative regulation of T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ upregulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity
+ positive regulation of T cell mediated cell killing
+ stimulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ up regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ positive regulation of T-cell mediated apoptosis
+ up-regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ positive regulation of T-cell mediated cell killing
+ activation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ positive regulation of T cell mediated apoptosis
+ positive regulation of T-cell mediated cytolysis
+ positive regulation of T-cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ positive regulation of T cell mediated cytolysis
+ positive regulation of T-cell mediated cell death
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
+ positive regulation of T cell mediated cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor inner segment
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of receptor recycling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of receptor recyling.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of receptor recycling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of receptor recycling
+ inhibition of receptor recycling
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of receptor recyling.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of receptor recycling
+ down-regulation of receptor recycling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of receptor recycling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of receptor recycling
+ up-regulation of receptor recycling
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor recyling.
+ stimulation of receptor recycling
+ up regulation of receptor recycling
+ biological_process
+ activation of receptor recycling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1 B cell homeostasis
+
+ B-1 B-lymphocyte homeostasis
+ Note that this term represents the return of B-1 B cell levels to stable numbers following an immune response, as well as the proliferation and elimination of B-1 B cells in a organism required to maintain stable numbers in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ B-1 B-cell homeostasis
+ B-1 B lymphocyte homeostasis
+ The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1 B cell differentiation
+
+ B-1 B lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a hemopoietic stem cell acquires the specialized features of a B-1 B cell. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.
+ B-1 B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ B-1 B-cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B-1 B lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of B-1 B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of B-1 B-cell differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of B-1 B cell differentiation.
+ negative regulation of B-1 B lymphocyte differentiation
+ down regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of B-1 B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of B-1 B-cell differentiation
+ inhibition of B-1 B cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
+ up regulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of B-1 B-cell differentiation
+ stimulation of B-1 B cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of B-1 B lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B-1 B cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of B-1 B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ activation of B-1 B cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exocyst assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of various polypeptides into the exocyst complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of exocyst assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that the assembly is regulated by several small GTPases of the Rab and Rho families.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocyst assembly.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of exocyst assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of exocyst assembly
+ down regulation of exocyst assembly
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of exocyst assembly.
+ downregulation of exocyst assembly
+ down-regulation of exocyst assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of exocyst assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of exocyst assembly
+ stimulation of exocyst assembly
+ Any process that increases the rate or extent of exocyst assembly.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of exocyst assembly
+ up regulation of exocyst assembly
+ up-regulation of exocyst assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uropod
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retractile pole
+ cellular_component
+ uropodium
+ A membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the leading edge or immunological synapse, respectively.
+ distal pole complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into an amino acid in a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
+ inhibition of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+ down regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+ down-regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ activation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+ up regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
+ upregulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+ up-regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial cell proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation
+ down-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
+ down regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
+ downregulation of endothelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
+ up regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
+ upregulation of endothelial cell proliferation
+ stimulation of endothelial cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
+ activation of endothelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female pronucleus
+
+ cellular_component
+ The pronucleus originating from the ovum that is being fertilized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male pronucleus
+
+ The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ postsynaptic membrane organization
+
+ The maintenance of membrane composition in a postsynaptic membrane, the specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft).
+ postsynaptic membrane organisation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair follicle development
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0001943
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasculature development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph vessel development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymphatic vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphangiogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Lymph vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing vessels.
+ Wikipedia:Lymphangiogenesis
+ lymph vessel formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart looping
+
+ cardiac jogging
+ biological_process
+ cardiac looping
+ The characteristic morphogenetic movements where the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sebaceous gland cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process whereby a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a sebaceous gland cell.
+ sebocytes differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane enriched fraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that is enriched for plasma membranes.
+ cellular_component
+ PME fraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intestinal D-glucose absorption
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Uptake of D-glucose into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
+ inhibition of cell-matrix adhesion
+ down regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
+ downregulation of cell-matrix adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of cell-matrix adhesion
+ activation of cell-matrix adhesion
+ upregulation of cell-matrix adhesion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix.
+ up-regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
+ up regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood vessel maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a blood vessel to attain its fully functional state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.
+ up regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
+ stimulation of neurotransmitter secretion
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of neurotransmitter secretion
+ up-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
+ activation of neurotransmitter secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intramembranous ossification
+
+ The formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed.
+ Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endochondral ossification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of bone by the replacement of cartilage tissue with mineralized bone.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Endochondral_ossification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokine mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway
+ regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokine mediated signalling pathway
+ downregulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+ inhibition of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+ down regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
+ down-regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway
+ stimulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+ activation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+ upregulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokine mediated signaling pathway.
+ positive regulation of cytokine mediated signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of cytokine mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+
+ The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ startle response
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Startle_reaction
+ An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thigmotaxis
+
+ taxis in response to mechanical stimulus
+ stereotaxis
+ taxis in response to touch stimulus
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to touch.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suckling behavior
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nursing behavior
+ Specific actions of a newborn or infant mammal that result in the derivation of nourishment from the breast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of activation of membrane attack complex
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.
+ upregulation of activation of membrane attack complex
+ up regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
+ up-regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
+ activation of activation of membrane attack complex
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of activation of membrane attack complex
+ downregulation of activation of membrane attack complex
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activation of the membrane attack complex components of the complement cascade.
+ down regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenosine receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ adenosine receptor signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood vessel remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to amphetamine
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amphetamine stimulus. Amphetamines consist of a group of compounds related to alpha-methylphenethylamine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurological system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurological process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+ biological_process
+ blood pressure regulation by neurological process
+ The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of stimuli and a neurological response.
+ fast control of arterial pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal system process involved in regulation of blood volume
+
+
+ renal blood volume control of blood pressure
+ biological_process
+ A slow mechanism of blood pressure regulation that responds to changes in pressure resulting from fluid and salt intake by modulating the quantity of blood in the circulatory system.
+ renal regulation of blood volume
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid sinus baroreceptor feedback
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ baroreceptor feedback control of blood pressure
+ biological_process
+ baroreceptor pressure buffer system
+ carotid sinus baroreceptor feedback regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+ The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in large arteries and responding to the input via central nervous system control.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by chemoreceptor signaling
+
+ biological_process
+ chemoreceptor control of blood pressure
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by chemoreceptor signalling
+ chemoreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+ The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid and aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by ischemic conditions
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that modulates blood pressure by the detection of carbon dioxide levels in the brain stem. Increased levels activate the sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanism increasing the force with which blood flows through the circulatory system.
+ CNS ischemic response
+ ischemic control of blood pressure
+ ischemic regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ baroreceptor detection of arterial stretch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events by which the change in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The lowering of the number of nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of decreased stretch of an artery that results in an increased in sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The increase in nerve impulses from baroreceptors as a result of increased pressure on an artery that results in an inhibition of sympathetic nerve impulses to peripheral blood vessels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasodilation of artery during baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ An increase in the internal diameter of an artery, triggered by vasomotor suppression, during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of heart rate in baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
+ inhibition of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
+ negative regulation of cardiac contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
+ negative control of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
+ down-regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
+ negative regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of the force of heart contraction during baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased force of heart contraction during baroreceptor response to increased systemic arterial blood pressure
+ biological_process
+ decreased strength of cardiac contraction during baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure
+ Any process that decreases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the baroreceptor response to increased blood pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasoconstriction of artery involved in baroreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate in baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
+ positive regulation of cardiac contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
+ stimulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
+ up-regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
+ activation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
+ positive control of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction as a result of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
+ upregulation of heart contraction rate in baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart contraction during baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ increased strength of cardiac contraction during baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure
+ increased force of heart contraction during baroreceptor response to decreased systemic arterial blood pressure
+ Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone
+
+
+ hormonal regulation of blood pressure
+ hormonal control of blood pressure
+ The process by which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
+ blood pressure regulation by hormone
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin
+
+ biological_process
+ circulatory renin-angiotensin control of blood pressure
+ The process by which angiotensinogen metabolites in the bloodstream modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. The process begins when renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen.
+ renin-angiotensin blood pressure control
+ control of blood pressure by circulatory renin-angiotensin
+ circulatory renin-angiotensin blood pressure regulation
+ circulatory renin-angiotensin regulation of blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasopressin
+
+ biological_process
+ vasopressin control of blood pressure
+ The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule vasopressin. Vasopressin is produced in the hypothalamus, and affects vasoconstriction, and renal water transport.
+ blood pressure regulation by vasopressin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine-epinephrine
+
+ biological_process
+ norepinephrine-epinephrine blood pressure regulation
+ noradrenaline-adrenaline regulation of blood pressure
+ The process by which the secretion of norepinephrine or epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
+ norepinephrine-epinephrine blood pressure control
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ noradrenaline-adrenaline vasoconstriction involved in regulation of blood pressure
+ norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction during blood pressure regulation
+ biological_process
+ norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction during control of blood pressure
+ norepinephrine-epinephrine vasoconstriction during blood pressure control
+ A process that results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to decreased blood pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ norepinephrine-epinephrine catabolic process in blood stream
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ noradrenaline-adrenalin catabolic process in blood stream
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine or epinephrine in the bloodstream.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream activates, maintains or increases the rate of heart contraction.
+ positive control of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ upregulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ positive regulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ increased chronotropy by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ positive regulation of cardiac contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ positive regulation of heart contraction rate by adrenaline-noradrenaline
+ activation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ up-regulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ up regulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased strength of cardiac contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ increased inotropy by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by adrenaline-noradrenaline
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ biological_process
+ increased force of heart contraction by adrenaline-noradrenaline
+ Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream or released from the nerve endings.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction during blood pressure control
+ The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of angiotensin into the blood stream.
+ angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction during control of blood pressure
+ angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction during blood pressure regulation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal response to blood flow during renin-angiotensin regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ renal response to blood flow during renin-angiotensin control of blood pressure
+ The physiological response of the kidneys to a decrease in blood flow.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of renal blood flow
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidneys receive information about the amount of blood flowing through the arterioles and converts the information to a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renin secretion into blood stream
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renin release into blood stream
+ The regulated release of renin into the blood stream by juxtoglomerular cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of angiotensin levels in blood
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that modulates the level of angiotensin in the blood by balancing the maturation of renin substrate to mature angiotensin and the catabolism of mature angiotensin.
+ control of blood angiotensin level
+ biological_process
+ control of angiotensin levels in blood
+ regulation of blood angiotensin level
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angiotensin maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of angiotensin by conversion of renin substrate into mature angiotensin in the blood.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretion of vasopressin during fast regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretion of vasopressin during fast control of blood pressure
+ The regulated release of the hormone vasopressin into the blood stream by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland during fast regulation of blood pressure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angiotensin catabolic process in blood
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of angiotensin in the blood.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasoconstriction by vasopressin involved in systemic arterial blood pressure control
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasopressin mediated vasoconstriction involved in systemic arterial blood pressure control
+ The decrease in blood vessel diameter as a result of the release of vasopressin into the blood stream.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.
+ detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by chemoreceptor signalling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ excitation of vasomotor center by chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ excitation of vasomotor center by chemoreceptor signalling
+ The process by which the molecular signal from the carotid and aortic bodies is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphogenesis of an epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ excitation of vasomotor center by baroreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ excitation of vasomotor center by baroreceptor signalling
+ The process by which the molecular signal from the arterial baroreceptors is relayed to the vasomotor center causing it to signal increase arterial pressure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphogenesis of an epithelial sheet
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of an epithelial sheet are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An epithelial sheet is a flat surface consisting of closely packed epithelial cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasoconstriction of artery involved in chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process that is triggered by vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of carbon dioxide by vasomotor center
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by a carbon dioxide stimulus is received and converted to a molecular signal by the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasoconstriction of artery involved in ischemic response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The vasoconstriction that is triggered by vasomotor excitation resulting from the detection of high carbon dioxide levels in the vasomotor center of the central nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial baroreceptor feedback
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process that controls blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the atria.
+ atrial reflex
+ biological_process
+ atrial baroreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+ atrial low pressure baroreceptor regulation of blood pressure
+ atrial control of blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of blood volume by renin-angiotensin
+
+ renin-angiotensin regulation of blood volume
+ renin-angiotensin control of body fluid levels
+ The process by which the renin-angiotensin system controls the rate of fluid intake and output into the blood.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of blood volume by renal aldosterone
+
+
+
+ aldosterone mediated control of body fluids
+ aldosterone mediated regulation of blood volume
+ The process by which the hormone aldosterone decreases the rate of diuresis and natriuresis resulting in increased blood volume.
+ renal regulation of blood volume by aldosterone
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renin-angiotensin control of aldosterone production
+ The process by which an increase in active angiotensin stimulates the adrenal cortices to secrete aldosterone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of renal output by angiotensin
+
+ The process by which angiotensin directly modulates the rate of urine output by the kidney.
+ angiotensin mediated control of renal output
+ angiotensin-mediated regulation of renal output
+ biological_process
+ angiotensin mediated regulation of renal output
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to dietary excess
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The physiological process by which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system and results in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of dietary excess
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The mechanism by which the brain senses excessive caloric intake.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The specific actions of an organism that are triggered by the detection of dietary excess and result in a decreased intake of food.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diet induced thermogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signalling in the sympathetic nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasodilation by norepinephrine-epinephrine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ noradrenaline-adrenaline vasodilation involved in regulation of blood pressure
+ biological_process
+ A process that results in an increase in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to blood pressure change.
+ norepinephrine-epinephrine vasodilation during blood pressure regulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of the force of heart contraction
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the extent of heart contraction, changing the force with which blood is propelled.
+ cardiac inotropy
+ heart inotropy
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heart rate
+
+
+ regulation of rate of heart contraction
+ biological_process
+ regulation of heart contraction rate
+ cardiac chronotropy
+ Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sodium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ regulation of Na+ transport
+ biological_process
+ regulation of sodium transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity after prolonged stimulation with an agonist of the pathway.
+ desensitisation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibitory G-protein coupled receptor phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G-protein coupled receptor by addition of a phosphate group to its third intracellular loop consensus site.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G-protein coupled receptor internalization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a G-protein coupled receptor is taken up into an endocytic vesicle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway by arrestin
+
+
+ arrestin mediated desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G-protein coupled receptor by uncoupling the receptor from its downstream G proteins.
+ arrestin mediated desensitisation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ arrestin-mediated desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasodilation by angiotensin involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that increases the size of a blood vessel via the renin-angiotensin system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of blood vessel size by renin-angiotensin
+
+
+
+ The process where the diameter of a blood vessel is changed due to activity of the renin-angiotensin system.
+ biological_process
+ renin-angiotensin regulation of blood vessel size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brain renin-angiotensin system
+
+
+ The process by which an angiotensin-mediated signaling system present in the brain regulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of L-glutamate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate transport.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of L-glutamate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of L-glutamate transport
+ inhibition of L-glutamate transport
+ downregulation of L-glutamate transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate transport.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of L-glutamate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of L-glutamate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of L-glutamate transport.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of L-glutamate transport
+ activation of L-glutamate transport
+ upregulation of L-glutamate transport
+ stimulation of L-glutamate transport
+ up-regulation of L-glutamate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sprouting angiogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The extension of new blood vessels from existing capillaries into avascular tissues resulting from the proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intussusceptive angiogenesis
+
+ The formation of new blood vessels as a result of the insertion and extension of lumenal tissue pillars.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell migration during sprouting angiogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during sprouting angiogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation during sprouting angiogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of blood vessel endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population during sprouting angiogenesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood vessel endothelial cell migration during intussusceptive angiogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during intussusceptive angiogenesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell adhesion involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a blood vessel endothelial cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix involved in intussusceptive angiogenesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenazine biosynthetic process
+
+ dibenzopyrazine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ azophenylene biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenazine antibiotic, a polycyclic pyrazine with two nitrogen atoms in the ring.
+ dibenzopyrazine biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthetic process
+ dibenzo-p-diazine biosynthesis
+ acridizine biosynthesis
+ acridizine biosynthetic process
+ azophenylene biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyoverdine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyoverdine.
+ pyoverdine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyoverdine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyoverdine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyoverdine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyoverdine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoblast fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The commitment of mesenchymal cells to the specific cell fate of an osteoblast. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of neuroblast proliferation
+ up-regulation of neuroblast proliferation
+ stimulation of neuroblast proliferation
+ upregulation of neuroblast proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation.
+ activation of neuroblast proliferation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
+ up-regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
+ up regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
+ upregulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.
+ activation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondrocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a chondrocyte over time, from its commitment to its mature state. Chondrocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a chondroblast to a chondrocyte fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glandular epithelial cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glandular epithelial cell. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glandular epithelial cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glandular epithelial cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface. Columnar/cuboidal epithelial cells take on the shape of a column or cube.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. An epithelial cell is a cell usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glandular epithelial cell maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a glandular epithelial cell to attain its fully functional state. A glandular epithelial cell is a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell is a cell found in a two dimensional sheet with a free surface exposed to the lumen of a gland.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-type eye development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic cup morphogenesis involved in camera-style eye development
+ biological_process
+ The invagination of the optic vesicle to form two-walled indentations, the optic cups, that will go on to form the retina. This process begins with the optic vesicle becoming a two-walled structure and its subsequent shape changes. It does not include the fate commitment of cells to become the pigmented retina and the neural retina.
+ optic cup morphogenesis (sensu Mammalia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extraocular skeletal muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
+ extraocular skeletal muscle development (sensu Mammalia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somitomeric trunk muscle development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somitomeric trunk muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
+ somitomeric trunk muscle development (sensu Mammalia)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoblast development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acrosome matrix dispersal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The proteolytic digestion of components in the acrosomal matrix that allows for their release into the egg. The dispersal of the components allows for the inner acrosomal membrane to interact with the egg.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane fusion involved in acrosome reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The fusion of the plasma membrane of the sperm with the outer acrosomal membrane.
+ membrane fusion involved in the acrosomal reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner acrosomal membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term is not a descendant of 'organelle inner membrane ; GO:0019866' because the outer acrosomal membrane is a portion of the acrosomal membrane; the latter is a single lipid bilayer.
+ The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the acrosomal vesicle and is located toward the sperm nucleus. This region is responsible for molecular interactions allowing the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuses with the egg plasma membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acrosomal membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The membrane that surrounds the acrosomal lumen. The acrosome is a special type of lysosome in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer acrosomal membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term is not a descendant of 'organelle outer membrane ; GO:0031968' because the outer acrosomal membrane is a portion of the acrosomal membrane; the latter is a single lipid bilayer.
+ cellular_component
+ The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the plasma membrane of the sperm. This membrane fuses with the sperm plasma membrane as part of the acrosome reaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oxidative phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein depalmitoylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of palymitoyl groups from a lipoprotein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of neuroepithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ repression of premature neural plate formation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of neural plate biosynthesis
+ Any process that prevents the activation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation. Neuroepithelial cell differentiation is the process by which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diaphragm contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurological control of breathing
+ A process carried out by the nervous system that is required for the proper control of respiratory gaseous exchange. This process occurs in the respiratory center of the brain in vertebrates.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens development in camera-type eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens development (sensu Vertebrata)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina.
+ biological_process
+ lens development in camera-style eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens morphogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ biological_process
+ lens morphogenesis in camera-style eye
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of receptor internalization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of receptor internalization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of receptor internalization
+ downregulation of receptor internalization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.
+ down-regulation of receptor internalization
+ down regulation of receptor internalization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of receptor internalization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of receptor internalization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor internalization.
+ up regulation of receptor internalization
+ upregulation of receptor internalization
+ biological_process
+ activation of receptor internalization
+ stimulation of receptor internalization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory receptor cell morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ hair cell morphogenesis
+ Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caveolar macromolecular signaling complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caveolar macromolecular signalling complex
+ cellular_component
+ A complex composed of proteins required for beta adrenergic receptor activation of protein kinase A. It includes the Cav 12. subunit of L-type calcium channel, protein kinase A regulatory subunit 2(PKAR2), adenyl cyclase, beta-adrenergic receptor, G-alpha-S, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and caveolin 3 (CAV3).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polkadots
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that polkadots also contains some amount of MALT1. Interaction with MALT1 is required for formation of the polkadots.
+ A punctate, filamentous structure composed of Bcl10 that appears in the cytoplasm of T-cells shortly after T-cell receptor stimulation. Polkadots stands for Punctate Oligomeric Killing and Activating DOmains Transducing Signals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA wobble base modification
+
+ The process whereby the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA wobble uridine modification
+
+ The process whereby a uridine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA wobble guanine modification
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a guanine in t position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA wobble adenosine to inosine editing
+
+ The process whereby an adenosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally corverted to inosine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA wobble cytosine modification
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a cytosine in position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally modified.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ podosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that podosomes can be distinguished from other F-actin-rich structures or from other matrix contacts. For example, focal adhesions and focal contacts do not display a core structure of F-actin. Unlike focal adhesions, podosome assembly does not require de novo protein synthesis. However, most of the podosome ring components are found in focal adhesions and other cell-matrix contacts. Podosomes are typically found in cells that cross tissue boundaries, recruited to the leading edge of migrating cells, and are often sites of extracellular matrix degradation.
+ An actin-rich adhesion structure characterized by formation upon cell substrate contact and localization at the substrate-attached part of the cell, contain an F-actin-rich core surrounded by a ring structure containing proteins such as vinculin and talin, and have a diameter of 0.5 mm.
+ Wikipedia:Podosome
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleavage of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
+
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage of a pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Primary ribosomal RNA transcripts with four genes, in this order, are produced in the chloroplasts of vascular plants. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleaveage between 4.5S rRNA and 5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
+
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage between the 5S rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleaveage between LSU-rRNA and 4.5S rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
+
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage between the LSU-rRNA and the 4.5S rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic cleaveage between SSU-rRNA and LSU-rRNA of tetracistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA, 4.5S-rRNA, 5S-rRNA)
+
+ Endonucleolytic cleavages between the SSU-rRNA and the LSU-rRNA of an rRNA molecule originally produced as a tetracistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 4.5S rRNA, and the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript. These cleavages liberate tRNAs from the polycistronic transcript as well as separating the SSU and LSU containing transcript. Note that the use of the word tetracistronic refers only to the number of mature rRNA molecules which will be produced from the primary transcript and ignores tRNAs that may also be present within the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generation of mature 3'-end of 5S rRNA generated by RNA polymerase III
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of extra uridine residues from the 3' end of a 5S pre-rRNA generated by transcription by RNA polymerase III to generate the mature 3'-end.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Large SubUnit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature LSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, LSU-rRNA,5S)
+
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule from the pre-rRNA molecule originally produced as a tricistronic rRNA transcript that contains the Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA, Large Subunit (LSU) the 5S rRNA in that order from 5' to 3' along the primary transcript.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cotranscriptional mitochondrial rRNA nucleotide insertion
+
+
+ The insertion of one or two non-coded nucleotides during the transcription of a mitochondrial rRNA. Such additions are known to occur in myxomycetes such as Physarum, Didymium, and Stemonitis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BRCA2-BRAF35 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric complex of BRCA2 and BRAF35 (BRCA2-associated factor 35). The BRCA2-BRAF35 complex is often associated with condensed chromatin during mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ store-operated calcium entry
+
+ biological_process
+ calcium ion import
+ A calcium ion entry mechanism in the plasma membrane activated by the depletion of calcium ion from the internal calcium ion store in the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ capacitative calcium entry
+ store-operated calcium import
+ SOCE is initiated by response to stiumlation of membrane receptors leading to the hydrolysis ofphosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) , inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) generation, and IP3-mediated calcium ion release from the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ SOCE
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ semaphorin receptor complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ plexin-neurophilin complex
+ A stable binary complex of a neurophilin and a plexin, together forming a functional semaphorin receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amphibian larval development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the amphibian larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Amphibian larvae, sometimes called pollywogs or tadpoles, hatch from eggs and begin to grow limbs and other adult physical features at various times, depending on the species, before they metamorphose into the adult form.
+ larval development (sensu Amphibia)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aggressive behavior
+
+ biological_process
+ aggression
+ Wikipedia:Aggression
+ A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nematode larval development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nematode larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Nematode larval development begins with the newly hatched first-stage larva (L1) and ends with the end of the last larval stage (fr example the fourth larval stage (L4) in C. elegans). Each stage of nematode larval development is characterized by proliferation of specific cell lineages and an increase in body size without alteration of the basic body plan. Nematode larval stages are separated by molts in which each stage-specific exoskeleton, or cuticle, is shed and replaced anew.
+ larval development (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ predatory aggressive behavior
+
+ Aggressive behavior involving attack on prey by a predator, characterized by lack of threatening displays, silence, and no sex differences.
+ biological_process
+ predatory aggression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inter-male aggressive behavior
+
+ biological_process
+ inter-male aggression
+ Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fear-induced aggressive behavior
+
+ Aggressive behavior associated with attempts to flee from a threat.
+ biological_process
+ fear-induced aggression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ irritable aggressive behavior
+
+ Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target.
+ irritable aggression
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ territorial aggressive behavior
+
+ biological_process
+ territorial aggression
+ Aggressive behavior performed in defence of a fixed area against intruders, typically conspecifics.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maternal aggressive behavior
+
+ maternal aggression
+ Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat.
+ biological_process
+ Paternal aggression also exists. Serves to protect the offspring from intruders.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ instrumental aggressive behavior
+
+ Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation.
+ instrumental aggression
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wobble base cytosine methylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the base of cytosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the C5 position.
+ wobble position m5C biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA nucleoside ribose methylation
+
+ The process by which the sugar of a nucleoside in tRNA is modified at the 2'O position.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wobble position guanine ribose methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the ribose of guanosine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wobble position ribose methylation
+
+ The process whereby the ribose base of the nucleotide at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'O position.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wobble position cytosine ribose methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the ribose of cytidine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wobble position uridine ribose methylation
+
+ The process whereby the ribose of uridine at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally methylated at the 2'-O position.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polycystin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Different forms of the complex differing in type of N-glycosylation of polycystin-1 can exist (endoglycosidase sensitive and endoglycosidase resistant).
+ A stable heterodimeric complex composed of polycystin-1 and polycystin-2.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wobble base lysidine biosynthesis
+
+ The process whereby the carbonyl of cytosine at position 34 of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally replaced by lysine.
+ biological_process
+ Exclusively located at the anticodon wobble position (i.e., position 34) of eubacterial and some organellar tRNAIle2. This modification converts the codon specificity from AUG to AUA, and it also converts the aminoacylation specificity of the tRNA from methionine to isoleucine. Requires ATP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear cluster
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Discrete hetero-chromatin-containing foci in interphase nuclei, which comprise clusters of centromeric DNA (as defined by gamma-satellite sequences and the abundance of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP-1) .
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinoic acid biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
+ biological_process
+ retinoic acid anabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stereocilia coupling link
+
+ cellular_component
+ A structure involved in coupling stereocilia to one another in sensory hair cells There are four morphologically distinct types: tip links, horizontal top connectors, shaft connectors and ankle links. Tip links and horizontal top connectors are the only inter-stereocilia links associated with mature cochlea, whereas ankle links appear during development of the auditory hair bundle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stereocilia tip link
+
+ cellular_component
+ A stereocilia link that is formed by a fine filament running more or less vertically upward from the tip of each shorter stereocilium to attach at a higher point on its adjacent taller neighbor. Tilting the bundle puts tension on the filaments, which pull on mechanically gated ion channels in the membrane of the stereocilia.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stereocilia ankle link
+
+ A stereocilia coupling link that is composed of a fine filament present in developing stereocilia that couples the bases of individual stereocilia to one another. They are not present in mature stereocilia.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stereocilia ankle link complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of proteins that connect growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells, composed of Vlgr1, usherin, vezatin, and whirlin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wobble position uridine thiolation
+
+
+ tRNA wobble uridine thiolation
+ In E. coli, the first step of the reaction is reductive elimination of sulphur from L-cysteine by IscS cysteine desulphurase to form an enzyme-bound cysteine-persulphide intermediate. Then, five essential gene products, TusA, TusB, TusC, TusD and TusE, mediate a sulphur relay that delivers the terminal sulphur of persulphide from IscS to MnmA12. The last protein, MnmA catalyzes the transfer of the sulfur from IscS to an ATP activated U34 of the tRNA.
+ wobble position s2U biosynthesis
+ The process whereby a uridine residue at position 34 in the anticodon of a tRNA is post-transcriptionally thiolated at the C2 position. This process involves transfer of a sulfur from cysteine to position C2 by several steps.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic tRNA wobble base thiouridylase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Cut1-Cut2 complex
+ tRNA thioudridylase
+ A complex of two proteins involved in the thiolation of U34 in glutamate, lysine, and glutamine tRNAs of eukaryotes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of any animal when more or less of a metamorphosis takes place, before the assumption of the mature shape.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ instar larval or pupal development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the instar larva or pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+ larval or pupal development (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ instar larval development
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This begins with the newly hatched first-instar larva, through its maturation to the end of the last larval stage.
+ biological_process
+ larval development (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of immune receptors
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this process covers somatic recombination, gene conversion, hypermutation, N-region addition, and alternate splicing processes of immune receptor diversification.
+ The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of DSCAM-based immune receptors
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this type of immune receptor may not be limited to insects.
+ The somatic process by means of which sequence diversity of the DSCAM-based immune receptors of insects is generated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors of jawless fish
+
+ The somatic process by means of which sequence diversity of the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) of jawless fish is generated.
+ Note that jawless fish refers to both lampreys (Petremyzontidae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:7746) and hagfish (Myxinidae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:7762).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteolysis by cytosolic proteases associated with antigen processing and presentation
+
+ The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by cytosolic resident proteases during antigen processing and presentation.
+ biological_process
+ Note that a separate term covers proteolysis by the proteasome complex (proteasomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation ; GO:0002497).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes during immune response
+
+
+ The process by which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus following the induction of an immune response.
+ somatic recombination of antibody genes during immune response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins following the induction of an immune response.
+ somatic hypermutation of antibody genes during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes
+
+
+ The somatic process by which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion.
+ biological_process
+ gene conversion of antibody genes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene conversion of immunoglobulin genes during immune response
+
+
+ gene conversion of antibody genes during immune response
+ biological_process
+ The somatic process by which immunoglobulin genes are diversified through the mechanism of gene conversion following the induction of an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of immunoglobulins during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The somatic process by means of which sequence diversity of immunoglobulins is generated after the induction of an immune response.
+ somatic diversification of antibodies during immune response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral defense response
+
+
+ behavioural defense response
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+ A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat to that organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral response to wounding
+
+
+ behavioural response to wounding
+ A behavioral response resulting from wounding.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral defense response to insect
+
+
+ A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.
+ biological_process
+ behavioural defense response to insect
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral defense response to nematode
+
+
+ A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes to that organism.
+ behavioural defense response to nematode
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to insect
+
+
+ A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism.
+ biological_process
+ physiological defense response to insect
+ GO:0002214
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to nematode
+
+
+ biological_process
+ physiological defense response to nematode
+ A response to protect an organism from a directly detected or perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes, which results in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.
+ GO:0002216
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of innate immune response
+
+
+ GO:0002219
+ activation of innate immune response (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ Any process that initiates an innate immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ activation of innate immune response by cell surface receptor signaling pathway
+ innate immune response activating cell surface receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals leading to activation of the innate immune response generated as a consequence of binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ PAMP receptor signaling pathway
+ pathogen receptor signalling pathway
+ PRR signaling pathway
+ pathogen receptor signaling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a cell surface or intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PRR). Such receptors bind for molecular patterns based on a repeating or polymeric structures, like those of polysaccharides or peptidoglycans, which are sometimes associated with potential pathogens.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulatory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of cellular activation.
+ stimulatory KIR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ stimulatory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signalling pathway
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway
+ stimulatory Ly49 family receptor signaling pathway.
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a C-type lectin receptor capable of cellular activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+ toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
+ TLR signaling pathway
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022. Note that the vertebrate toll-like receptors, unlike the Drosophila Toll molecule, directly bind their ligands. The Drosophila Toll molecule requires the Sptzle factor to bind microbial ligands and then the receptor in order to initiate innate immune responses.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of antimicrobial peptide production
+ up-regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
+ upregulation of antimicrobial peptide production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.
+ antimicrobial peptide induction
+ activation of antimicrobial peptide production
+ up regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ innate immune response in mucosa
+
+
+ Any process of the innate immune response that takes place in the mucosal tissues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell mediated immunity
+
+
+ The promotion of an immune response by natural killer cells through direct recognition of target cells or through the release of cytokines.
+ NK cell mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to oomycetes
+
+
+ Reactions triggered in response to the presence of oomycetes that act to protect the cell or organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of defense response to virus by host
+
+ Any host process that results in the promotion of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby limiting viral replication.
+ stimulation of antiviral response by host
+ activation of antiviral response by host
+ up regulation of antiviral response by host
+ up-regulation of antiviral response by host
+ upregulation of antiviral response by host
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of antiviral response by host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of oomycetes
+
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from an oomycetes is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte chemotaxis during inflammatory response
+
+
+ immune cell chemotaxis during inflammatory response
+ leucocyte chemotaxis during inflammatory response
+ biological_process
+ The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus during an inflammatory response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte chemotaxis during immune response
+
+
+ leucocyte chemotaxis during immune response
+ The movement of an immune cell in response to an external stimulus during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+ immune cell chemotaxis during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of endoplasmic reticulum overloading
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+ detection of ER overloading
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of unfolded protein
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which an unfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of misfolded protein
+
+
+
+ The series of events in which a misfolded protein stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to molecule of bacterial origin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of bacterial origin such as peptides derived from bacterial flagellin.
+ response to bacterium associated molecule
+ biological_process
+ response to bacteria associated molecule
+ response to bacterial associated molecule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to molecule of fungal origin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of fungal origin such as chito-octomer oligosaccharide.
+ response to fungus associated molecule
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to oomycetes
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an oomycetes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to molecule of oomycetes origin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to oomycetes associated molecule
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus by molecules of oomycetes origin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to parasitic plant
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a parasitic plant.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to parasitic plant
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a parasitic plant that act to protect an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of parasitic plant
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a parasitic plant is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hemopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells.
+ haematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
+ hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ haemopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ healing during inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue during or following an inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clearance of damaged tissue during inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events leading to removal of necrotic debris during or following an inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ connective tissue replacement during inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared during or following an inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+ fibrosis during inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte anergy
+
+ Any process contributing to lymphocyte anergy, a state of functional inactivation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adaptive immune response
+
+ An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Adaptive_immune_system
+ acquired immune response
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organ or tissue specific immune response
+
+ immune response in organ or tissue
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ An immune response taking place in an organ or tissues such as the liver, brain, mucosa, or nervous system tissues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune effector process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process of the immune system that occurs as part of an immune response.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ Any process that initiates an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinin cascade
+
+ A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell that occur as a result of by-products of tissue damage, including collagen, cartilage, and basement membrane. The ultimate product of the kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+ A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell initiated by the action of tissue (glandular) kallikreins on low molecular weight kininogen in response to tissue damage. Tissue kallikreins are present in glandular tissues and their fluids, such as the salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas, and kidney. The ultimate products of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade include kallidin and bradykinin, agents known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.
+ glandular kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of kinin cascade
+ inhibition of kinin cascade
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of kinin cascade
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.
+ downregulation of kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of kinin cascade
+ activation of kinin cascade
+ stimulation of kinin cascade
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the kinin cascade.
+ up-regulation of kinin cascade
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial cell activation within high endothelial venule during immune response
+
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell within a high endothelial venule resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte homeostasis
+
+ The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucosal lymphocyte homeostasis
+
+ The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within the mucosal tissue of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid cell homeostasis
+
+ The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell activation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astrocyte activation during immune response
+
+
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular dendritic cell activation
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular dendritic cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a follicular dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular dendritic cell differentiation
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a follicular dendritic cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte activation during inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+ immune cell activation during inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation
+
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+ The process whereby an immature plasmacytoid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature plasmacytoid dendritic cell during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid leukocyte activation
+
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid leukocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
+ myeloid leucocyte activation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil activation during immune response
+
+
+ A change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid dendritic cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophil activation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocyte activation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage activation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microglial cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a microglial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil activation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid dendritic cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+ The process whereby an immature myeloid dendritic cell acquires the specialized features of a mature myeloid dendritic cell during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte activation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ T lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ T-cell activation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ alpha-beta T-cell activation during immune response
+ alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NK T cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ NK T lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ natural killer T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ natural killer T-cell activation during immune response
+ NK T-cell activation during immune response
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ natural killer T lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ NK T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NK T cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+
+ NK T-cell proliferation during immune response
+ The expansion of a NK T cell population by cell division during an immune response.
+ NK T lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+ natural killer T lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+ natural killer T-cell proliferation during immune response
+ natural killer T-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ NK T-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ gamma-delta T-cell activation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
+
+ T lymphocyte activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to an antigen for which its T cell receptor is specific bound to an MHC molecule on an antigen presenting cell, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ biological_process
+ T-lymphocyte activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
+ T-cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+ T-cell differentiation during immune response
+ The process whereby an antigenically nave T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
+ biological_process
+ T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ The process whereby an antigenically nave alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
+ alpha-beta T-cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell differentiation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby an antigenically nave CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Thp lineage commitment
+ T-helper cell fate commitment
+ Th0 lineage commitment
+ The process whereby a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote various immunological processes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper 1 cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Th1 cell lineage commitment
+ biological_process
+ Th1 fate commitment
+ T-helper 1 cell fate commitment
+ The process whereby a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 1 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper 2 cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a T-helper 2 cell, a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell specialized to promote immunological processes often associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths, enhanced production of particular antibody isotypes, and pathological conditions such as allergy.
+ T-helper 2 cell fate commitment
+ biological_process
+ Th2 fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby an antigenically nave CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell during an immune response.
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation during immune response
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
+
+
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ The process whereby an antigenically nave CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
+ biological_process
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+ gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ gamma-delta T-cell differentiation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby an antigenically nave gamma-delta T cell acquires the specialized features of an effector, regulatory, or memory T cell during an immune response. Effector T cells include cells which provide T cell help or exhibit cytotoxicity towards other cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
+ gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
+
+ CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
+ CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell differentiation
+
+ CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-cell differentiation
+ CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell. Intraepithelial T cells are found among epithelial cells in mucosal areas and have distinct phenotypes and developmental pathways.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+
+
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell differentiation
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+ The expansion of a T cell population by cell division during an immune response.
+ T lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ T-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+ T-cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+ alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ alpha-beta T-cell proliferation during immune response
+ The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division during an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+ gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+ gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division during an immune response.
+ gamma-delta T-cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ B-lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ B lymphocyte activation during immune response
+ B-cell activation during immune response
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell during an immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature B cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+ The process whereby a nave B cell acquires the specialized features of a mature or memory B cell during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+ mature B-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ mature B-cell differentiation during immune response
+ mature B lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germinal center B cell differentiation
+
+ germinal center B-cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ germinal center B lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a germinal center B cell. Germinal center B cells are rapidly cycling B cells which have downregulated IgD expression and exhibit high levels of binding by peanut agglutinin (PNA).
+ germinal center B-lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ marginal zone B cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ marginal zone B lymphocyte differentiation
+ marginal zone B-cell differentiation
+ marginal zone B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a marginal zone B cell. Marginal zone B cells are localized in a distinct anatomical region of the spleen that represents the major antigen-filtering and scavenging area (by specialized macrophages resident there). It appears that they are preselected to express a BCR repertoire similar to B-1 B cells, biased toward bacterial cell wall constituents and senescent self-components (such as oxidized LDL).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular B cell differentiation
+
+ follicular B lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ follicular B-cell differentiation
+ follicular B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a B cell in the spleen acquires the specialized features of a follicular B cell. Follicular B cells are major population of mature recirculating B cells in the spleen and are located in the B-cell follicle region.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a B cell acquires the specialized features of a plasma cell. A plasma cell is a lymphocyte which develops from a B cell and produces high amounts of antibody.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid progenitor cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a myeloid progenitor cell. Myeloid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the myeloid lineages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ memory B cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ memory B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ memory B lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a B cell acquires the specialized features of a memory B cell. Memory B cells are cells that can respond rapidly to antigen re-exposure by production of high-affinity antibody.
+ memory B-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell progenitor differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a natural killer cell progenitor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ B-cell proliferation during immune response
+ B-lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+ The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response.
+ B lymphocyte proliferation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell activation during immune response
+
+
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ NK cell activation during immune response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ NK cell proliferation during immune response
+ The expansion of a natural killer cell population by cell division during an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+ NK cell differentiation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a nave natural killer cell acquires the specialized features of an effector natural killer T cell during an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ biological_process
+ B-cell lineage commitment
+ The process whereby a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to become any type of B cell.
+ B-lymphocyte lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature B cell differentiation
+
+ immature B-cell differentiation
+ immature B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an immature B cell.
+ immature B lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pro-B cell differentiation
+
+ pro-B lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-B cell. Pro-B cells are the earliest stage of the B cell lineage and undergo heavy chain D and J gene rearrangements, although they are not fully committed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-B cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pre-B cell. Pre-B cells follow the pro-B cell stage of immature B cell differentiation and undergo rearrangement of heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments.
+ pre-B lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-B cell receptor expression
+
+ biological_process
+ The process leading up to expression of the pre-B cell receptor on the surface of pre-B cells, including expression of the surrogate light chain, association of the surrogate light chain with heavy chain, and expression of the complete pre-B cell receptor on the cell surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-B cell allelic exclusion
+
+ Expression of a single heavy chain allele during pre-B cell differentiation.
+ pre-B lymphocyte allelic exclusion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transitional stage B cell differentiation
+
+ transitional stage B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby immature B cells from the bone marrow become mature B cells in the spleen. Transitional stage B cells are subdivided into transitional one (T1) and transitional two (T2) stages and are short-lived and functionally incompetent.
+ transitional stage B-cell differentiation
+ transitional stage B lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transitional one stage B cell differentiation
+
+ transitional one stage B-cell differentiation
+ The process whereby immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T1 stage B cells in the spleen. T1 stage B cells do not express either CD23 or CD21.
+ transitional one stage B lymphocyte differentiation
+ transitional one stage B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ T1 stage B cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transitional two stage B cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T2 stage B cells in the spleen. T2 stage B cells express CD23 but not CD21.
+ transitional two stage B-cell differentiation
+ transitional two stage B lymphocyte differentiation
+ transitional two stage B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ T2 stage B cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature B cell differentiation
+
+ mature B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ mature B-cell differentiation
+ The process whereby transitional stage B cells acquire the specialized features of mature B cells in the spleen.
+ mature B lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1 B cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ B-1 B lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ B-1 B-cell lineage commitment
+ B-1 B-lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ The process by which an immature B cell becomes committed to become a B-1 B cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1a B cell differentiation
+
+ B-1a B lymphocyte differentiation
+ B-1a B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1a B cells. B-1a B cells are B-1 cells that express CD5 and arise from fetal liver precursors.
+ B-1a B-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1b B cell differentiation
+
+ B-1b B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ B-1b B-cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ B-1b B lymphocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby B cells acquire the specialized features of B-1b B cells. B-1b B cells are B-1 cells that do not express CD5.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process dependent upon B cell antigen receptor signaling in response to self or foreign antigen through which B cells are selected for survival.
+ B-lymphocyte selection
+ B lymphocyte selection
+ B-cell selection
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central B cell selection
+
+ central B-lymphocyte selection
+ central B-cell selection
+ Any B cell selection process that occurs in the bone marrow.
+ central B lymphocyte selection
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in B cells in the bone marrow.
+ central B-lymphocyte anergy
+ central B-cell anergy
+ central B lymphocyte anergy
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ central B-lymphocyte deletion
+ central B lymphocyte deletion
+ central B-cell deletion
+ The deletion of B cells by apoptosis occurring as part of central tolerance induction and B cell selection.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral B cell selection
+
+ peripheral B lymphocyte selection
+ peripheral B-cell selection
+ biological_process
+ peripheral B-lymphocyte selection
+ Any B cell selection process that occurs in the periphery.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell affinity maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-cell affinity maturation
+ B-lymphocyte affinity maturation
+ B lymphocyte affinity maturation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which B cells produce antibodies with increased antigen affinity. This is accomplished by somatic hypermutation and selection for B cells which produce higher affinity antibodies to antigen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral B cell receptor editing
+
+ peripheral B lymphocyte receptor editing
+ peripheral B-lymphocyte receptor editing
+ biological_process
+ The process that takes place mainly in germinal center B cells in which a large number of mutations are generated in the heavy chain and light chain V-region genes and their immediately surrounding introns in order to increase antibody diversity and contribute to affinity maturation.
+ peripheral B-cell receptor editing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell positive selection
+
+ biological_process
+ B-cell positive selection
+ Any process by which B cells are selected to survive based on signaling through the B cell antigen receptor.
+ B-lymphocyte positive selection
+ B lymphocyte positive selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to tumor cell
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a tumor cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central B cell positive selection
+
+
+ Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the bone marrow. Positive selection is the process by which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.
+ central B lymphocyte positive selection
+ central B-cell positive selection
+ central B-lymphocyte positive selection
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine production during acute inflammatory response
+
+ The synthesis or release of histamine following a stimulus during an acute inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral B cell positive selection
+
+
+ peripheral B lymphocyte positive selection
+ biological_process
+ peripheral B-cell positive selection
+ peripheral B-lymphocyte positive selection
+ Any process leading to positive selection of B cells in the periphery. Positive selection is the process by which B or T cells are selected to survive based on signaling through their antigen receptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin production during acute inflammatory response
+
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis or release of serotonin following a stimulus during an acute inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell negative selection
+
+ Any process leading to negative selection in B cells. Mechanisms of negative selection include anergy and deletion.
+ biological_process
+ B-lymphocyte negative selection
+ B lymphocyte negative selection
+ B-cell negative selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of reactions that takes place outside the cell occurring in response to tissue damage and initiated within blood plasma by the action of activated Factor XII (Hageman Factor) on prekallikrein to convert it to plasma kallikrein, and the subsequent reaction of plasma kallikrein with high molecular weight kininogen. The ultimate product of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade is bradykinin, an agent known to induce smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central B cell negative selection
+
+
+ central B lymphocyte negative selection
+ biological_process
+ Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the bone marrow.
+ central B-lymphocyte negative selection
+ central B-cell negative selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of tumor cell
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a tumor cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral B cell negative selection
+
+
+ peripheral B lymphocyte negative selection
+ Any process leading to negative selection of B cells in the periphery.
+ biological_process
+ peripheral B-cell negative selection
+ peripheral B-lymphocyte negative selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to tumor cell
+
+
+ Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell that act to protect the cell or organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell homeostatic proliferation
+
+ B lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
+ The non-specific expansion of B cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of B cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.
+ B-cell homeostatic proliferation
+ B-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-1 B cell proliferation
+
+ B-1 B lymphocyte proliferation
+ B-1 B-cell proliferation
+ B-1 B-lymphocyte proliferation
+ The expansion of a B-1 B cell by cell division. Follows B cell activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ The process by which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming any type of T cell.
+ T-cell lineage commitment
+ T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell lineage commitment
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ The process by which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell.
+ biological_process
+ CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ The process by which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming an alpha-beta T cell.
+ biological_process
+ alpha-beta T lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ alpha-beta T-cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NK T cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NK T lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ natural killer T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ NK T-cell lineage commitment
+ The process by which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming an NK T cell.
+ NK T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ biological_process
+ natural killer T lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ natural killer T-cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T-cell lineage commitment
+ biological_process
+ gamma-delta T lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ gamma-delta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ The process by which a pro-T cell becomes committed to becoming a gamma-delta T cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte activation during immune response
+
+
+ A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ immune cell activation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ leucocyte activation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokine production during immune response
+
+
+ The appearance of a cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022. Note that this term is intended for use when a gene product is seen to cause apparent increases in intracellular or extracellular cytokine levels, without specific regard as to whether the increase is due to increased biosynthesis, increased secretion of preexisting cytokine molecules, or increased conversion from precursor molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell cytokine production
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a B cell.
+ B-cell cytokine production
+ B lymphocyte cytokine production
+ B-lymphocyte cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell cytokine production
+
+
+ T-cell cytokine production
+ T lymphocyte cytokine production
+ T-lymphocyte cytokine production
+ Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a T cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell cytokine production
+
+
+ NK cell cytokine production
+ Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a natural killer cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+ Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a dendritic cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+ Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a myeloid dendritic cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a plasmacytoid dendritic cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokine secretion during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regulated release of cytokines from a cell or group of cells during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cytokine during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune system process
+
+ Wikipedia:Immune_syntem
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin production
+
+ The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+ antibody production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibody biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ antibody biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of immunoglobulin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin biosynthetic process during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibody biosynthetic process during immune response
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of immunoglobulin during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+ antibody biosynthesis during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin secretion during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibody secretion during immune response
+ The regulated release of immunoglobulins from a B cell or plasma cell during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin production during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibody production during immune response
+ The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.
+ regulation of glandular kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response in brain or nervous system
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ An immune response taking place in the brain or nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hepatic immune response
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+ An immune response taking place in the liver.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucosal immune response
+
+ An immune response taking place in mucosal tissues, including those of the intestinal tract, nasal and upper respiratory tract, and genital tract.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+ biological_process
+ immune response in MALT
+ Immune response taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response in gut-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+ immune response in GALT
+ biological_process
+ Immune response taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). GALT includes Peyer's patches, appendix, and solitary lymph nodules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response in Peyer's patch
+
+ Immune response taking place in the Peyer's patch, nodular lymphoid structures on the serosal surface of the small intestine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tolerance induction in Peyer's patch
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Tolerance induction taking place in the Peyer's patches.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet activating factor production
+
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet activating factor production during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+ The synthesis or release of platelet activating factor following a stimulus during an acute inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet activating factor secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of platelet activating factor by a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ production of lysosomal enzymes during acute inflammatory response
+
+ The synthesis or release of lysosomal enzymes following a stimulus during an acute inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tolerance induction in gut-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Tolerance induction taking place in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).
+ oral tolerance
+ tolerance induction in GALT
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+ An immune response taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). NALT includes the tonsils and adenoids.
+ immune response in NALT
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHC protein complex assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC protein complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHC class I protein complex assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHC class Ib protein complex assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHC class II protein complex assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an MHC class II protein complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tolerance induction in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+ Tolerance induction taking place in the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT).
+ nasal tolerance
+ biological_process
+ tolerance induction in NALT
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+ Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
+ biological_process
+ tolerance induction in MALT
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+ Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by B cells.
+ biological_process
+ B cell tolerance induction in MALT
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell tolerance induction in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+ biological_process
+ T cell tolerance induction in MALT
+ Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) mediated by T cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen sampling in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen transport in MALT
+ antigen transport in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
+ antigen sampling in MALT
+ The process initiating the mucosal immune response which entails the apical-to-basolateral delivery of soluble and particulate antigens to underlying mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen sampling by dendritic cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen sampling by dendritic cells in MALT
+ biological_process
+ The process of antigen sampling carried out by dendritic cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen sampling by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+ The process of antigen samples carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
+ biological_process
+ antigen sampling by M cells in MALT
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendritic cell chemotaxis
+
+ The movement of a dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid dendritic cell chemotaxis
+
+ biological_process
+ The movement of a myeloid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Langerhans cell chemotaxis
+
+ biological_process
+ The movement of a Langerhans cell in response to an external stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmacytoid dendritic cell chemotaxis
+
+ The movement of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+
+
+
+ A process of tolerance induction dependent on T cells which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen transcytosis by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen transport by M cells in mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
+ The process of antigen transcytosis carried out by M cells in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Transcytosis is the process of the directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side. M cells are specialized epithelia cells with a microfold structure that are adept at moving antigens from the gut lumen to antigen presenting cells in the MALT.
+ antigen transcytosis by M cells in MALT
+ biological_process
+ antigen transport by M cells in MALT
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tolerance induction to tumor cell
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process of tolerance induction which leads to immunological tolerance of a tumor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of transporting immunoglobulin, via transcytosis, from one side of an epithelial cell to the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by polymeric immunoglobulin receptor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin transcytosis mediated by pIgR
+ The process of transporting polymeric IgA and polymeric IgM immunoglobulin, via transcytosis mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), from the basolateral surface to apical surface of an epithelial cell. At the apical surface the immunoglobulin binding portion of the pIgRis cleaved and remains bound to the transported immunoglobulin as secretory component (SC). The same process is used for the transport and excretion of IgA immune complexes to the luminal surface of the mucosa.
+ biological_process
+ antibody transcytosis mediated by pIgR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IgG immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by FcRn immunoglobulin receptor
+
+ IgG antibody transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by FcRn immunoglobulin receptor
+ biological_process
+ IgG immunoglobulin transcytosis in epithelial cells mediated by neonatal immunoglobulin receptor
+ The process of transporting IgG immunoglobulin, via transcytosis using the FcRn (also known as the neonatal Fc receptor; gene name FCGRT), from apical surface of an epithelial cell to the basolateral surface or vice versa depending on the location. This process is used for uptake of IgG from the milk in the gut in rodents, for transplacental transport of IgG from mother to embryo in humans, and for maintenance of a steady-state distribution of IgG across epithelial boundaries in general in adult mammals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen
+
+
+ B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to the B cell receptor.
+ B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen
+ biological_process
+ B-cell antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen
+ B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation mediated by B cell receptor uptake of antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+ An immune system process that functions in the response of an organism to a tumor cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+ T-cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ The directed killing of a tumor cell by a T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
+ T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ Note that either or both mechanisms mentioned in the definition may be used in this process. Note that both granule release and the engagement of death receptors on target cells result in induction of apoptosis in the target cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed killing of a tumor cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
+ NK cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ Note that either or both mechanisms mentioned in the definition may be used in this process. Note that both granule release and the engagement of death receptors on target cells result in induction of apoptosis in the target cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis
+
+
+ B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis
+ B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis
+ B cell antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.
+ B-cell antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response in urogenital tract
+
+ An immune response taking place in the urogenital tract. The urogenital tract.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+ biological_process
+ An immune response mediated by a natural killer cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+ Note that this term includes tolerogenic responses to tumor cells mediated by responding T cells.
+ biological_process
+ An immune response mediated by a T cell triggered in response to the presence of a tumor cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tolerance induction in urogenital tract
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Tolerance induction taking place in the urogenital tract.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin production in mucosal tissue
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibody production in mucosal tissue
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis and release of immunoglobulin in the mucosal tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucosal tolerance induction
+
+
+ Tolerance induction taking place in the mucosal tissues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. The peptide antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous protein. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E family.
+ biological_process
+ peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ immune response-activating cell surface receptor signalling pathway
+ activation of immune response by cell surface receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a cell capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ complement receptor mediated signaling pathway
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a component of the complement pathway binding to a complement receptor. Such components include both whole complement proteins and fragments of complement proteins generated through the activity of the complement pathway.
+ complement receptor mediated signalling pathway
+ immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ Fc-receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signalling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granuloma formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of nodular inflammatory lesions, usually small or granular, firm, persistent, well-structured, and containing compactly grouped T lymphocytes and modified phagocytes such as epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. Granuloma formation represents a chronic inflammatory response initiated by various infectious and noninfectious agents. The center of a granuloma consists of fused macrophages, which can become necrotic.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocytosis triggered by activation of immune response cell surface activating receptor
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Phagocytosis occurring as the result of a ligand binding an immune response cell surface activating receptor.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune complex clearance
+
+ biological_process
+ A process directed at removing immune complexes from the body. Immune complexes are clusters of antibodies bound to antigen, to which complement may also be fixed, and which may precipitate or remain in solution.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune complex clearance by erythrocytes
+
+ immune complex clearance by red blood cells
+ The process of immune complex clearance by erythrocytes.
+ biological_process
+ immune complex clearance by RBCs
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of immune complex clearance by monocytes or macrophages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+ An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. A chronic inflammatory response persists indefinitely during days, weeks, or months in the life of an individual.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ production of molecular mediator of immune response
+
+ production of cellular mediator of immune response
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response following an immunological stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine secretion during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regulated release of histamine by a cell or group of cells during an acute inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin secretion during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regulated release of serotonin by a cell or group of cells during an acute inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte mediated immunity
+
+ leukocyte immune effector process
+ cell-mediated immune response
+ leucocyte mediated immunity
+ immune cell effector process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ immune cell mediated immunity
+ Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a leukocyte.
+ GO:0042087
+ biological_process
+ GO:0019723
+ cellular immune response
+ leucocyte immune effector process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+
+ myeloid leucocyte mediated immunity
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ myeloid leukocyte immune effector process
+ myeloid leucocyte immune effector process
+ Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a myeloid leukocyte.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type II hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Type_II_hypersensitivity
+ An inflammatory response resulting in cell death or dysfunction mediated by activation of the classical complement pathway or induction of effector cell phagocytosis, cytolysis mechanisms via complement or Fc receptors following the binding of antibodies to cell surface antigens on a target cell, or mediated by the direct binding of antibody to cellular receptors.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil mediated immunity
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a neutrophil.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophil mediated immunity
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by an eosinophil.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell mediated immunity
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a mast cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte mediated immunity
+
+ biological_process
+ cell-mediated immunity
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte.
+ cellular immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B-cell antigen processing and presentation
+ B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ The process by which a B cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
+ B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral B cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+ peripheral B lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ peripheral B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ peripheral B-cell tolerance induction
+ Tolerance induction of mature B cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell receptor editing
+
+ B-cell receptor editing
+ B lymphocyte receptor editing
+ biological_process
+ B-lymphocyte receptor editing
+ The process of replacing receptors on B cells, in which RAG gene expression allows continued light-chain gene rearrangement and expression of a new light change which combines with the previous heavy chain to form a new receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral B-lymphocyte anergy
+ biological_process
+ peripheral B lymphocyte anergy
+ peripheral B-cell anergy
+ Any process contributing to anergy, a state of functional inactivation that occurs as part of tolerance induction, in peripheral B cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral B-cell deletion
+ The deletion of B cells by apoptosis occurring as part of peripheral tolerance induction and B cell selection.
+ peripheral B-lymphocyte deletion
+ peripheral B lymphocyte deletion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+
+
+ humoral defence mechanism (sensu Vertebrata)
+ circulating antibody mediated immune response
+ An immune response dependent upon secreted immunoglobulin.
+ humoral immune response mediated by circulating antibody
+ humoral defense mechanism (sensu Vertebrata)
+ biological_process
+ circulating immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell mediated immunity
+
+
+ cell-mediated immunity
+ T-lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+ cellular immune response
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell.
+ T lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ T-cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a T cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
+ T-cell antigen processing and presentation
+ T-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ T lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+ peripheral T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ Tolerance induction of T cells in the periphery, in this case, any location in the body other than the thymus.
+ peripheral T lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ peripheral T-cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains
+
+ adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of VLR built from LRR domains
+ adaptive immune response (sensu Myxinidae and Petromyzontidae)
+ adaptive immune response in jawless fish
+ biological_process
+ An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLR) incorporating leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory).
+ adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of variable lymphocyte receptors built from leucine-rich repeat domains
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
+
+ adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ biological_process
+ An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains, and allowing for enhanced responses upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+
+
+ Tolerance induction dependent upon an immune response, typically a response by a mature T or B cell in the periphery resulting tolerance towards an antigen via induction of anergy, cellular deletion, or regulatory T cell activation.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ immune response-dependent tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ Tolerance induction in response to nonself antigens.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+
+
+ Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the central lymphoid organs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+
+
+ Tolerance induction to nonself antigens in the periphery.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral tolerance induction
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+ Tolerance induction in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral tolerance induction to self antigen
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Tolerance induction to self antigens in the peripheral lymphoid tissues: blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germinal center formation
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ The process by which germinal centers form. A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+ The process by which a dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a myeloid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+ The process by which a plasmacytoid dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+
+ The process by which a monocyte expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a macrophage expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+ The process by which a non-professional antigen presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. Non-professional antigen presenting cells include all cell types but dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+
+ peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+ biological_process
+ endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
+ exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen
+
+
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.
+ biological_process
+ exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent
+
+ cross-presentation
+ TAP-dependent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
+ cross presentation
+ exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I, TAP-dependent
+ biological_process
+ TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class I molecule. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent
+
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+ TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
+ TAP-independent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
+ cross-presentation
+ cross presentation
+ exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I, TAP-independent
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent
+
+ TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
+ TAP-dependent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ biological_process
+ exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent
+
+ exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib, TAP-independent
+ TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+ biological_process
+ TAP-independent exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger exogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen
+
+
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell.
+ biological_process
+ endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway
+
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+ biological_process
+ endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent
+
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-dependent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following TAP-dependent transport from the cytosol. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+ biological_process
+ TAP-dependent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway
+ TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway
+ endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-dependent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent
+
+ TAP-independent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway
+ endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP-independent ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in the ER following transport from the cytosol via a TAP-independent pathway. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+ TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I via endolysosomal pathway
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class I molecule in an endolysosome. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
+
+ endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via an ER pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and becomes associated with the MHC class Ib molecule in the ER. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent
+
+ TAP-dependent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
+ biological_process
+ TAP-dependent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
+ endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-dependent
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) pathway. The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell and is dependent on TAP transport from the cytosol to ER for association with the MHC class Ib molecule. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent
+
+ TAP-independent endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex following intracellular transport via a pathway not requiring TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing). The peptide is typically a fragment of a larger endogenous protein which has been degraded within the cell. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
+ endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib via ER pathway, TAP-independent
+ TAP-independent antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib via ER pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+ biological_process
+ endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The binding of a peptide antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the HLA-E gene family.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid antigen assembly with MHC class Ib protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The binding of a lipid antigen to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class Ib protein complex. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 gene family.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid antigen transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a lipid antigen into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.
+ peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by the proteasome complex contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteolysis within endoplasmic reticulum associated with antigen processing and presentation
+
+ proteolysis within ER associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ endoplasmic reticulum proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ ER proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by ER resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteolysis within endosome associated with antigen processing and presentation
+
+ The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by endosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
+ biological_process
+ endosomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteolysis within lysosome associated with antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+ lysosomal proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein by lysosomal resident proteases contributing to antigen processing and presentation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide antigen assembly with MHC protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC protein complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide antigen assembly with MHC class I protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class I protein complex. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide antigen assembly with MHC class II protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The binding of a peptide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class II protein complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+
+ biological_process
+ peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation of via MHC class II
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+
+ biological_process
+ polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a polysaccharide antigen on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polysaccharide assembly with MHC class II protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The binding of a polysaccharide to the antigen binding groove of an MHC class II protein complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tolerance induction
+
+ A process that directly activates any of the steps required for tolerance, a physiologic state in which the immune system does not react destructively against the components of an organism that harbors it or against antigens that are introduced to it.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs: the thymus and bone marrow.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central tolerance induction to self antigen
+
+
+ Tolerance induction in the central lymphoid organs directed at self antigens.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central B cell tolerance induction
+
+
+ Tolerance induction of B cells in the bone marrow.
+ central B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ central B lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ central B-cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central B cell receptor editing
+
+ Receptor editing occurring in B cells in the bone marrow.
+ biological_process
+ central B-cell receptor editing
+ central B lymphocyte receptor editing
+ central B-lymphocyte receptor editing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central T cell tolerance induction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ central T-cell tolerance induction
+ Tolerance induction of T cells in the thymus.
+ central T lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ central T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tolerance induction to self antigen
+
+ biological_process
+ Tolerance induction directed at self antigens.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell tolerance induction
+
+ B-cell tolerance induction
+ A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in B cells.
+ B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ B lymphocyte tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell anergy
+
+
+ biological_process
+ B lymphocyte anergy
+ B-cell anergy
+ Any process contributing to anergy in B cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of B cell tolerance induction.
+ B-lymphocyte anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The apoptotic death of B cells which is part of B cell tolerance induction.
+ B-lymphocyte deletion
+ B lymphocyte deletion
+ biological_process
+ B-cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell tolerance induction
+
+ T lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ T-cell tolerance induction
+ A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in T cells.
+ T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte chemotaxis across high endothelial venule
+
+ biological_process
+ The movement of a lymphocyte to cross a high endothelial venule in response to an external stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell tolerance induction
+
+ Tolerance induction of natural killer cells.
+ biological_process
+ NK cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune system development
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune cell differentiation
+ leucocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell or any cell of the myeloid leukocyte or lymphocyte lineages.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte migration during immune response
+
+ leucocyte migration during immune response
+ leukocyte trafficking during immune response
+ immune cell migration during immune response
+ The movement of leukocytes within or between different tissues and organs of the body during an immune response.
+ leucocyte trafficking during immune response
+ biological_process
+ immune cell trafficking during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte migration during inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune cell migration during inflammatory response
+ leucocyte migration during inflammatory response
+ leukocyte trafficking during inflammatory response
+ immune cell trafficking during inflammatory response
+ The movement of leukocytes within or between different tissues and organs of the body during an inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+ leucocyte trafficking during inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypersensitivity
+
+ Wikipedia:Hypersensitivity
+ hypersensitivity response
+ biological_process
+ An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ An acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimuli such as heat or physical trauma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acute inflammatory response
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasodilation during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure during an acute inflammatory response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vascular permeability during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid during an acute inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure during acute phase response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood pressure regulation during acute phase response
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system during the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heart contraction during acute phase response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction during the acute phase response. The acute phase response occurs during the early phases of an infection and is marked by changes in the production of plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein.
+ regulation of cardiac contraction during acute phase response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ production of molecular mediator of acute inflammatory response
+
+ production of cellular mediator of acute inflammation
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the acute inflammatory response following an inflammatory stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretion of lysosomal enzymes during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell or group of cells during an acute inflammatory response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokine production during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis or release of a cytokine following a inflammatory stimulus during an acute inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet activating factor secretion during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of platelet activating factor by a cell or group of cells during an acute inflammatory response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory burst during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ production of reactive oxygen species during acute inflammatory response
+ A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases following a stimulus during an acute inflammatory response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ oxidative burst during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ production of nitric oxide during acute inflammatory response
+
+ The synthesis or release of nitric oxide following a stimulus during an acute inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ production of arachidonic acid metabolites during acute inflammatory response
+
+ The synthesis or release of products of arachidonic acid metabolism following a stimulus during an acute inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostaglandin production during acute inflammatory response
+
+ The synthesis or release of any prostaglandin following a stimulus during an acute inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukotriene production during acute inflammatory response
+
+ The synthesis or release of any leukotriene following a stimulus during an acute inflammatory response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of plasma proteins involved in acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process activating plasma proteins by proteolysis as part of an acute inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Factor XII activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hageman factor activation
+ Any process that activates Factor XII (Hageman factor). Factor XII is a protein synthesized by the liver that circulates in an inactive form until it encounters collagen or basement membrane or activated platelets (as occurs at the site of endothelial injury). Factor XII then undergoes a conformational change (becoming factor XIIa), exposing an active serine center that can subsequently cleave protein substrates and activate a variety of mediator systems. Factor XII is a participant in the clotting cascade as well as the kinin cascade.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of blood coagulation via clotting cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of clotting cascade
+ Any process that initiates the clotting cascade of blood coagulation, a cascade of plasma enzymes that is triggered following damage to blood vessels, leading to formation of a clot.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chronic inflammatory response
+
+ Inflammation of prolonged duration (weeks or months) in which active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair are proceeding simultaneously. Although it may follow acute inflammation, chronic inflammation frequently begins insidiously, as a low-grade, smoldering, often asymptomatic response.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus such as heat or physical trauma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ downregulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ inhibition of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ negative regulation of glandular kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ down-regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of glandular kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ activation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ stimulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ up-regulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ upregulation of tissue kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocyte chemotaxis
+
+ The movement of a monocyte in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.
+ inhibition of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ downregulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ down-regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ down regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade.
+ upregulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ up-regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ up regulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ stimulation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+ biological_process
+ activation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell chemotaxis
+
+ The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin secretion by mast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regulated release of serotonin by a mast cell or group of mast cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine secretion by mast cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regulated release of histamine by a mast cell or group of mast cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin secretion by platelet
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of serotonin by a platelet or group of platelets.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine secretion by platelet
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of histamine by a platelet or group of platelets.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin secretion by basophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of serotonin by a basophil or group of basophils.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine secretion by basophil
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regulated release of histamine by a basophil or group of basophils.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type I hypersensitivity mediated by mast cells
+
+
+ biological_process
+ An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type I hypersensitivity mediated by basophils
+
+
+ An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil mediated immunity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a basophil.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a basophil.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of immune receptors via alternate splicing
+
+ The process by which immune receptor genes are diversified through alternate splicing.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alternate splicing of immunoglobulin genes
+
+
+ alternate splicing of antibody genes
+ biological_process
+ The generation of alternate transcripts of immunoglobulin genes through alternate splicing of exons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of immune receptors via gene conversion
+
+
+ The process by which immune receptor genes are diversified through gene conversion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of immune receptors via somatic mutation
+
+ The process by which immune receptor genes are diversified through somatic mutation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of FREP-based immune receptors
+
+ Note that this type of immune receptor has been found in snails (Pulmonata, ncbi_axonomy_id:6519), but may also be seen in other species.
+ biological_process
+ The process by means of which sequence diversity of the FREP-based immune receptors of snails is generated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The somatic process by means of which sequence diversity of T cell receptor genes is generated.
+ biological_process
+ somatic diversification of TCR genes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of immune receptors by N region addition
+
+ The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the immune receptor gene.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of immunoglobulin genes by N region addition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ somatic diversification of antibody genes by N region addition
+ The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of heavy chain immunoglobulin genes. N regions are found at the V-D and D-J recombinational junctions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of T cell receptor genes by N region addition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of TCR genes by N region addition
+ biological_process
+ The addition of variable numbers of random nucleotides by terminal deoxytransferase in the N regions of T cell receptor genes. N regions are found at the V-D, D-D, V-J, and D-J recombinational junctions, depending on the T cell receptor gene.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pro-T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pro-T lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a pro-T cell. Pro-T cells are the earliest stage of the T cell lineage but are not fully committed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte lineage.
+ myeloid leucocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thrombocyte differentiation
+
+ Note that platelets are the non-nucleated mammalian functional equivalent of the nucleated thrombocytes of non-mammalian vertebrates and are sometimes also referred to as thrombocytes. Platelet formation in mammals is covered by the biological_process term platelet formation ; GO:0030220.
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a thrombocyte, a nucleated cell found in all vertebrates but mammals involved in hemostasis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil chemotaxis
+
+ The movement of a basophil in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet degranulation
+
+ The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.
+ platelet exocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.
+ down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation
+ down regulation of antigen processing and presentation
+ downregulation of antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of antigen processing and presentation
+ up regulation of antigen processing and presentation
+ up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation
+ activation of antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.
+ downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen (peptide or polysaccharide) via MHC class II.
+ upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ positive regulation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+ downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+ down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation
+ down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen.
+ up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+ stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+ up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+ activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+ upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+ down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+ downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.
+ negative regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II.
+ up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+ positive regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+ biological_process
+ activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+ stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+ up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.
+ inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+ down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+ down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+ upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I.
+ stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+ activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+ positive regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
+ up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.
+ inhibition of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ down regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ downregulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of antigen via MHC class Ib.
+ stimulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ activation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.
+ regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+ down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+ down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.
+ downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib.
+ upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+ positive regulation of peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+ activation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.
+ down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+ downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+ negative regulation of lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib.
+ upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+ positive regulation of lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+ up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+ stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+ activation of antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.
+ inhibition of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ negative regulation of polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ down regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ downregulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ upregulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ stimulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ up-regulation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ activation of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antigen processing and presentation of polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II.
+ positive regulation of polysaccharide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ down regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ downregulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ inhibition of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ stimulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ activation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ up-regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ down regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ down-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ inhibition of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ up-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ stimulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ up regulation of myeloid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ down-regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ inhibition of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ downregulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ up regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ upregulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+ activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ inhibition of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ downregulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ down-regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ up regulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ activation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ upregulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of monocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of monocyte antigen processing and presentation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.
+ down-regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+ down regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+ downregulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+ up regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+ up-regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of macrophage antigen processing and presentation.
+ upregulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+ activation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+ down-regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+ downregulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+ activation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ stimulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+ up regulation of non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ regulation of B-cell antigen processing and presentation
+ regulation of B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ regulation of B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ negative regulation of B-cell antigen processing and presentation
+ negative regulation of B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ down regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+ down-regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+ downregulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ inhibition of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ up-regulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+ stimulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+ upregulation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+ positive regulation of B-cell antigen processing and presentation
+ positive regulation of B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ activation of B cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ regulation of T lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of T-cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ down regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of T-cell antigen processing and presentation
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ downregulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ down-regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+ inhibition of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ positive regulation of T-cell antigen processing and presentation
+ upregulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+ activation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+ up regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation
+ up-regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell antigen processing and presentation.
+ stimulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.
+ down-regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ downregulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ down regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation.
+ upregulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ activation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ up-regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ up regulation of proteolysis associated with antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of granuloma formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of granuloma formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of granuloma formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.
+ downregulation of granuloma formation
+ down regulation of granuloma formation
+ inhibition of granuloma formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of granuloma formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of granuloma formation
+ up-regulation of granuloma formation
+ stimulation of granuloma formation
+ activation of granuloma formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granuloma formation.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of granuloma formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of germinal center formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of germinal center formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of germinal center formation
+ downregulation of germinal center formation
+ down regulation of germinal center formation
+ inhibition of germinal center formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of germinal center formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of germinal center formation
+ upregulation of germinal center formation
+ up-regulation of germinal center formation
+ up regulation of germinal center formation
+ activation of germinal center formation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of germinal center formation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immunoglobulin production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of immunoglobulin production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of immunoglobulin production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.
+ inhibition of immunoglobulin production
+ down-regulation of immunoglobulin production
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of immunoglobulin production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of immunoglobulin production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of immunoglobulin production
+ activation of immunoglobulin production
+ up-regulation of immunoglobulin production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin production.
+ upregulation of immunoglobulin production
+ stimulation of immunoglobulin production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin biosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin biosynthesis.
+ inhibition of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of immunoglobulin biosynthesis.
+ upregulation of immunoglobulin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of tolerance induction
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.
+ inhibition of tolerance induction
+ downregulation of tolerance induction
+ down-regulation of tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction.
+ up regulation of tolerance induction
+ activation of tolerance induction
+ upregulation of tolerance induction
+ stimulation of tolerance induction
+ up-regulation of tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of central tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of central tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of central tolerance induction
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.
+ down regulation of central tolerance induction
+ down-regulation of central tolerance induction
+ inhibition of central tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of central tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central tolerance induction.
+ stimulation of central tolerance induction
+ up-regulation of central tolerance induction
+ activation of central tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of central tolerance induction
+ upregulation of central tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of tolerance induction to self antigen
+ downregulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.
+ down regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to self antigen.
+ upregulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
+ up regulation of tolerance induction to self antigen
+ activation of tolerance induction to self antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.
+ regulation of immune response-dependent tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of immune response-dependent tolerance induction
+ downregulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+ down regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.
+ inhibition of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+ up-regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+ stimulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+ upregulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+ positive regulation of immune response-dependent tolerance induction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of tolerance induction dependent upon immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+ down-regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+ inhibition of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to nonself antigen.
+ upregulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+ up-regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+ up regulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+ activation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+ stimulation of tolerance induction to nonself antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
+ down-regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of peripheral tolerance induction
+ downregulation of peripheral tolerance induction
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
+ upregulation of peripheral tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ activation of peripheral tolerance induction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral tolerance induction.
+ up-regulation of peripheral tolerance induction
+ stimulation of peripheral tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ regulation of B-cell tolerance induction
+ regulation of B lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B-cell tolerance induction
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
+ negative regulation of B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ down-regulation of B cell tolerance induction
+ downregulation of B cell tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of B lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ down regulation of B cell tolerance induction
+ inhibition of B cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B-cell tolerance induction
+ activation of B cell tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of B cell tolerance induction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
+ positive regulation of B-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ up regulation of B cell tolerance induction
+ stimulation of B cell tolerance induction
+ up-regulation of B cell tolerance induction
+ positive regulation of B lymphocyte tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ regulation of T-cell tolerance induction
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.
+ regulation of T lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ down-regulation of T cell tolerance induction
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.
+ down regulation of T cell tolerance induction
+ inhibition of T cell tolerance induction
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ downregulation of T cell tolerance induction
+ negative regulation of T-cell tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ stimulation of T cell tolerance induction
+ up-regulation of T cell tolerance induction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction.
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte tolerance induction
+ up regulation of T cell tolerance induction
+ activation of T cell tolerance induction
+ upregulation of T cell tolerance induction
+ positive regulation of T-cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-cell anergy
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte anergy
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.
+ regulation of T lymphocyte anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of T cell anergy
+ downregulation of T cell anergy
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte anergy
+ negative regulation of T-cell anergy
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.
+ down-regulation of T cell anergy
+ inhibition of T cell anergy
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of T cell anergy
+ biological_process
+ activation of T cell anergy
+ stimulation of T cell anergy
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte anergy
+ up regulation of T cell anergy
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte anergy
+ positive regulation of T-cell anergy
+ upregulation of T cell anergy
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell anergy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell anergy.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of B-cell anergy
+ regulation of B lymphocyte anergy
+ regulation of B-lymphocyte anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of B cell anergy
+ downregulation of B cell anergy
+ inhibition of B cell anergy
+ negative regulation of B-lymphocyte anergy
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of B cell anergy
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell anergy.
+ negative regulation of B-cell anergy
+ negative regulation of B lymphocyte anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B-cell anergy
+ positive regulation of B-lymphocyte anergy
+ positive regulation of B lymphocyte anergy
+ up-regulation of B cell anergy
+ up regulation of B cell anergy
+ activation of B cell anergy
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of B cell anergy
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell anergy.
+ stimulation of B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of acute inflammatory response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
+ inhibition of acute inflammatory response
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of acute inflammatory response
+ down-regulation of acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of acute inflammatory response
+ biological_process
+ activation of acute inflammatory response
+ up-regulation of acute inflammatory response
+ up regulation of acute inflammatory response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
+ stimulation of acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chronic inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of chronic inflammatory response
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.
+ inhibition of chronic inflammatory response
+ downregulation of chronic inflammatory response
+ down-regulation of chronic inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response.
+ up regulation of chronic inflammatory response
+ up-regulation of chronic inflammatory response
+ stimulation of chronic inflammatory response
+ upregulation of chronic inflammatory response
+ activation of chronic inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory burst during defense response
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pro-T cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pro-T cell fate commitment
+ The process by which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming a pro-T cell.
+ pro-T lymphocyte fate commitment
+ biological_process
+ pro-T lymphocyte lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic recombination of T cell receptor gene segments
+
+
+ somatic recombination of TCR gene segments
+ The process by which T cell receptor genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, also known as T cell receptor gene segments.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immune system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of immune system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of immune system process
+ downregulation of immune system process
+ down-regulation of immune system process
+ inhibition of immune system process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of immune system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of immune system process
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of immune system process
+ stimulation of immune system process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process.
+ up regulation of immune system process
+ activation of immune system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of leukocyte migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immune cell migration
+ regulation of leucocyte migration
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of leukocyte migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of leukocyte migration
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
+ negative regulation of leucocyte migration
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of leukocyte migration
+ downregulation of leukocyte migration
+ down-regulation of leukocyte migration
+ negative regulation of immune cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of leukocyte migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte migration.
+ positive regulation of leucocyte migration
+ stimulation of leukocyte migration
+ up-regulation of leukocyte migration
+ activation of leukocyte migration
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of leukocyte migration
+ up regulation of leukocyte migration
+ positive regulation of immune cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immune cell chemotaxis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of leucocyte chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
+ negative regulation of immune cell chemotaxis
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
+ inhibition of leukocyte chemotaxis
+ downregulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
+ negative regulation of leucocyte chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
+ activation of leukocyte chemotaxis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte chemotaxis.
+ stimulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
+ up-regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
+ positive regulation of immune cell chemotaxis
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
+ positive regulation of leucocyte chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular extravasation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular extravasation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of cellular extravasation
+ down-regulation of cellular extravasation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.
+ inhibition of cellular extravasation
+ downregulation of cellular extravasation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular extravasation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of cellular extravasation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of cellular extravasation
+ upregulation of cellular extravasation
+ up regulation of cellular extravasation
+ up-regulation of cellular extravasation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cellular extravasation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of leukocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of leucocyte activation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.
+ regulation of immune cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of leukocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of leukocyte activation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.
+ negative regulation of leucocyte activation
+ downregulation of leukocyte activation
+ negative regulation of immune cell activation
+ down regulation of leukocyte activation
+ down-regulation of leukocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of leukocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of leucocyte activation
+ up regulation of leukocyte activation
+ stimulation of leukocyte activation
+ activation of leukocyte activation
+ upregulation of leukocyte activation
+ positive regulation of immune cell activation
+ up-regulation of leukocyte activation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immune effector process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of immune effector process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of immune effector process
+ inhibition of immune effector process
+ down regulation of immune effector process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of immune effector process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of immune effector process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of immune effector process
+ up regulation of immune effector process
+ stimulation of immune effector process
+ activation of immune effector process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune effector process.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of immune effector process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
+ down-regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+ downregulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+ inhibition of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+ activation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the production of molecular mediator of immune response.
+ upregulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+ stimulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
+ regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+ regulation of immune cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity
+ inhibition of leukocyte mediated immunity
+ down-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
+ negative regulation of immune cell mediated immunity
+ down regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of leucocyte mediated immunity
+ up regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+ activation of leukocyte mediated immunity
+ positive regulation of immune cell mediated immunity
+ upregulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
+ up-regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
+ stimulation of leukocyte mediated immunity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte mediated immunity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
+ downregulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ down regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ down-regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
+ activation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ up-regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ up regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ regulation of T-cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T-cell mediated immunity
+ down-regulation of T cell mediated immunity
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
+ down regulation of T cell mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of T cell mediated immunity
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ downregulation of T cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of T cell mediated immunity
+ activation of T cell mediated immunity
+ upregulation of T cell mediated immunity
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ up-regulation of T cell mediated immunity
+ up regulation of T cell mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ positive regulation of T-cell mediated immunity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated immunity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B-cell mediated immunity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ downregulation of B cell mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.
+ down-regulation of B cell mediated immunity
+ down regulation of B cell mediated immunity
+ inhibition of B cell mediated immunity
+ negative regulation of B-cell mediated immunity
+ negative regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of B cell mediated immunity
+ positive regulation of B lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ activation of B cell mediated immunity
+ positive regulation of B-cell mediated immunity
+ upregulation of B cell mediated immunity
+ positive regulation of B-lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ up-regulation of B cell mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell mediated immunity.
+ stimulation of B cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NK cell mediated immunity
+ regulation of natural killer cell activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
+ GO:0045845
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NK cell activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+ downregulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+ inhibition of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+ negative regulation of NK cell mediated immunity
+ down regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+ GO:0030102
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+ stimulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+ activation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+ positive regulation of NK cell mediated immunity
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immunity.
+ GO:0045846
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+ positive regulation of NK cell activity
+ upregulation of natural killer cell mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokine production during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production during immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokine production during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cytokine production during immune response
+ downregulation of cytokine production during immune response
+ down-regulation of cytokine production during immune response
+ inhibition of cytokine production during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytokine production during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production during immune response.
+ activation of cytokine production during immune response
+ up-regulation of cytokine production during immune response
+ stimulation of cytokine production during immune response
+ upregulation of cytokine production during immune response
+ up regulation of cytokine production during immune response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.
+ regulation of B-lymphocyte cytokine production
+ regulation of B lymphocyte cytokine production
+ regulation of B-cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B-cell cytokine production
+ negative regulation of B lymphocyte cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of B-lymphocyte cytokine production
+ down-regulation of B cell cytokine production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.
+ downregulation of B cell cytokine production
+ inhibition of B cell cytokine production
+ down regulation of B cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of B cell cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ activation of B cell cytokine production
+ positive regulation of B-cell cytokine production
+ stimulation of B cell cytokine production
+ up regulation of B cell cytokine production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell cytokine production.
+ positive regulation of B lymphocyte cytokine production
+ positive regulation of B-lymphocyte cytokine production
+ upregulation of B cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte cytokine production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
+ regulation of T lymphocyte cytokine production
+ regulation of T-cell cytokine production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of T cell cytokine production
+ inhibition of T cell cytokine production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
+ negative regulation of T-cell cytokine production
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte cytokine production
+ down regulation of T cell cytokine production
+ downregulation of T cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte cytokine production
+ up-regulation of T cell cytokine production
+ stimulation of T cell cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production.
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte cytokine production
+ positive regulation of T-cell cytokine production
+ upregulation of T cell cytokine production
+ activation of T cell cytokine production
+ up regulation of T cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NK cell cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NK cell cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
+ inhibition of natural killer cell cytokine production
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
+ downregulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of natural killer cell cytokine production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell cytokine production.
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
+ upregulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
+ up regulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of NK cell cytokine production
+ stimulation of natural killer cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
+ down-regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
+ inhibition of dendritic cell cytokine production
+ down regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of dendritic cell cytokine production.
+ biological_process
+ activation of dendritic cell cytokine production
+ up-regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
+ upregulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
+ stimulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
+ up regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.
+ down regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ inhibition of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ down-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production.
+ up regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ activation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ stimulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ up-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of myeloid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ down-regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ downregulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ down regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production.
+ stimulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ up-regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+ up regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokine secretion during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine secretion during immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokine secretion during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of cytokine secretion during immune response
+ inhibition of cytokine secretion during immune response
+ down-regulation of cytokine secretion during immune response
+ down regulation of cytokine secretion during immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine secretion during immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytokine secretion during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of cytokine secretion during immune response
+ up-regulation of cytokine secretion during immune response
+ up regulation of cytokine secretion during immune response
+ activation of cytokine secretion during immune response
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine secretion during immune response.
+ upregulation of cytokine secretion during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine biosynthesis during immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine biosynthesis during immune response.
+ down regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+ inhibition of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+ stimulation of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+ upregulation of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine biosynthesis during immune response.
+ activation of cytokine biosynthetic process during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation initiated by receptor mediated uptake of antigen
+
+ Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to a cell surface receptor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation following pinocytosis
+
+ Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via pinocytosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis
+
+ biological_process
+ Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via phagocytosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation initiated by pattern recognition receptor mediated uptake of antigen
+
+ Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen bound to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR).
+ biological_process
+ antigen processing and presentation initiated by PRR mediated uptake of antigen
+ antigen processing and presentation initiated by PAMP receptor mediated uptake of antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation initiated by toll-like receptor mediated phagocytosis of antigen
+
+
+ Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by phagocytosis of antigen bound directly or indirectly to a cell surface toll-like receptor (TLR).
+ biological_process
+ antigen processing and presentation initiated by TLR mediated phagocytosis of antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation following macropinocytosis
+
+ biological_process
+ Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via macropinocytosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation following receptor mediated endocytosis
+
+ Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen receptor-mediated endocytosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell surface pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a cell surface pattern recognition receptor (PRR). Such receptors bind for molecular patterns based on a repeating or polymeric structures, like those of polysaccharides or peptidoglycans, which are sometimes associated with potential pathogens.
+ cell surface PAMP receptor signaling pathway
+ cell surface PRR signaling pathway
+ cell surface pattern recognition receptor signalling pathway
+ cell surface pathogen receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
+
+ cytoplasmic PAMP receptor signaling pathway
+ cytoplasmic pathogen receptor signaling pathway
+ cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signalling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR). Such receptors bind for molecular patterns based on a repeating or polymeric structures, like those of polysaccharides or peptidoglycans, which are sometimes associated with potential pathogens.
+ cytoplasmic PRR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular vesicle pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway
+
+ intracellular vesicle pathogen receptor signaling pathway
+ intracellular vesicle PAMP receptor signaling pathway
+ intracellular vesicle PRR signaling pathway
+ intracellular vesicle pattern recognition receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) located within the membrane of an intracellular vesicle such as an endosome or lysosome. Such receptors bind for molecular patterns based on a repeating or polymeric structures, like those of polysaccharides or peptidoglycans, which are sometimes associated with potential pathogens.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor and relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
+ MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+ MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+ MyD88-independent TLR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor not relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response-activating signal transduction
+
+
+ The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ innate immune response-activating signal transduction
+
+
+ The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to activation or perpetuation of an innate immune response.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000022.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.
+ activation of antimicrobial humoral response
+ up-regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
+ upregulation of antimicrobial humoral response
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of antimicrobial humoral response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+ down regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+ down-regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+ activation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+ up-regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response-regulating signal transduction
+
+
+ The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to the activation, perpetuation, or inhibition of an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response-inhibiting signal transduction
+
+ The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ innate immune response-inhibiting signal transduction
+
+ The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately leading to inhibition of an innate immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response-inhibiting cell surface receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ immune response-inhibiting cell surface receptor signalling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of inhibiting an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell capable of activating, perpetuating, or inhibiting an immune response.
+ immune response-regulating cell surface receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell inhibitory signaling pathway
+
+ killer cell inhibitory receptor signaling pathway
+ Ly49 inhibitory receptor signaling pathway
+ natural killer cell inhibitory signalling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a natural killer cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
+ biological_process
+ NK cell inhibitory signaling pathway
+ inhibitory KIR signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell inhibitory signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ T cell inhibitory signalling pathway
+ T-lymphocyte inhibitory signaling pathway
+ T-cell inhibitory signaling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a T cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
+ T lymphocyte inhibitory signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+ A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
+ biological_process
+ KIR signaling pathway
+ killer cell inhibitory receptor signaling pathway
+ inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibitory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an inhibitory C-type lectin receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
+ inhibitory C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway
+ Ly49 inhibitory receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell inhibitory signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ B lymphocyte inhibitory signaling pathwayBT-lymphocyte inhibitory signaling pathway
+ B cell inhibitory signalling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of a B cell capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response.
+ B-cell inhibitory signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway
+
+ Fc receptor mediated inhibitory signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Fc-receptor mediated inhibitory signaling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of inhibiting an immune effector process contributing to an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antimicrobial peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis or release of an antimicrobial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antimicrobial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of an antimicrobial peptide from a cell or group of cells. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antimicrobial peptide. Such peptides may have protective properties against bacteria, fungi, viruses, or protozoa.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibacterial peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The synthesis or release of an antibacterial peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibacterial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regulated release of an antibacterial peptide from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antifungal peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The synthesis or release of an antifungal peptide during an immune response, resulting in an increase in intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antifungal peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of an antifungal peptide from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antifungal peptide.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide production.
+ inhibition of antimicrobial peptide production
+ down-regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
+ down regulation of antimicrobial peptide production
+ downregulation of antimicrobial peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antibacterial peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antibacterial peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of antibacterial peptide production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of antibacterial peptide production
+ down regulation of antibacterial peptide production
+ inhibition of antibacterial peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antifungal peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antifungal peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of antifungal peptide production
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of antifungal peptide production
+ down regulation of antifungal peptide production
+ downregulation of antifungal peptide production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide secretion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The controlled release of a peptide from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of peptide secretion
+ down-regulation of peptide secretion
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of peptide secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
+ downregulation of peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peptide secretion.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of peptide secretion
+ up-regulation of peptide secretion
+ activation of peptide secretion
+ up regulation of peptide secretion
+ stimulation of peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+ downregulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+ down-regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.
+ down regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+ upregulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+ up regulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+ activation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide secretion.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
+ down regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.
+ inhibition of antibacterial peptide secretion
+ down-regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide secretion.
+ stimulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
+ up-regulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
+ upregulation of antibacterial peptide secretion
+ activation of antibacterial peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of antifungal peptide secretion
+ down regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of antifungal peptide secretion
+ down-regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of antifungal peptide secretion
+ upregulation of antifungal peptide secretion
+ up-regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide secretion.
+ biological_process
+ activation of antifungal peptide secretion
+ up regulation of antifungal peptide secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antibacterial peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of antibacterial peptide production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide production.
+ stimulation of antibacterial peptide production
+ up-regulation of antibacterial peptide production
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of antibacterial peptide production
+ activation of antibacterial peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antifungal peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide production.
+ up regulation of antifungal peptide production
+ stimulation of antifungal peptide production
+ upregulation of antifungal peptide production
+ activation of antifungal peptide production
+ up-regulation of antifungal peptide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.
+ down-regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+ activation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis.
+ upregulation of antimicrobial peptide biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.
+ down-regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis.
+ downregulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+ downregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.
+ down regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibacterial peptide with activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+ downregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.
+ inhibition of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular defense response
+
+
+ A physiological defense response which occurs intracellularly.
+ biological_process
+ intracellular defence response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adaptive immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adaptive immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of adaptive immune response
+ inhibition of adaptive immune response
+ down-regulation of adaptive immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.
+ down regulation of adaptive immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adaptive immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response.
+ up-regulation of adaptive immune response
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of adaptive immune response
+ up regulation of adaptive immune response
+ stimulation of adaptive immune response
+ activation of adaptive immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ down regulation of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains.
+ downregulation of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ down-regulation of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ inhibition of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ biological_process
+ activation of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ positive regulation of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ stimulation of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ upregulation of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ up regulation of adaptive immune response (sensu Gnathostomata)
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.
+ inhibition of T-helper 1 type immune response
+ down-regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
+ activation of T-helper 1 type immune response
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
+ up regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
+ upregulation of T-helper 1 type immune response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 1 type immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 2 type immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 2 type immune response.
+ downregulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
+ down regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
+ down-regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
+ inhibition of T-helper 2 type immune response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T-helper 2 type immune response.
+ activation of T-helper 2 type immune response
+ upregulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
+ stimulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of response to biotic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of response to biotic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of response to biotic stimulus
+ downregulation of response to biotic stimulus
+ down-regulation of response to biotic stimulus
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
+ down regulation of response to biotic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to biotic stimulus.
+ upregulation of response to biotic stimulus
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of response to biotic stimulus
+ up-regulation of response to biotic stimulus
+ activation of response to biotic stimulus
+ stimulation of response to biotic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of response to tumour cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of response to tumor cell
+ downregulation of response to tumor cell
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.
+ negative regulation of response to tumour cell
+ inhibition of response to tumor cell
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of response to tumor cell
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a response to tumor cell.
+ positive regulation of response to tumour cell
+ stimulation of response to tumor cell
+ activation of response to tumor cell
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of response to tumor cell
+ up-regulation of response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of immune response to tumour cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of immune response to tumor cell
+ inhibition of immune response to tumor cell
+ negative regulation of immune response to tumour cell
+ downregulation of immune response to tumor cell
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.
+ down-regulation of immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of immune response to tumor cell
+ up regulation of immune response to tumor cell
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune response to tumor cell.
+ stimulation of immune response to tumor cell
+ activation of immune response to tumor cell
+ positive regulation of immune response to tumour cell
+ up-regulation of immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of T-cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.
+ regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumour cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumour cell
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ downregulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.
+ negative regulation of T-cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ inhibition of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ up-regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ upregulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ up regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ activation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ positive regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumour cell
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ positive regulation of T-cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of tolerance induction to tumour cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.
+ down regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ down-regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ inhibition of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ negative regulation of tolerance induction to tumour cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ positive regulation of tolerance induction to tumour cell
+ upregulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ stimulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tolerance induction to tumor cell.
+ up-regulation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ biological_process
+ activation of tolerance induction to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ down regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.
+ downregulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell.
+ up-regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ stimulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ up regulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+ upregulation of T cell tolerance induction to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.
+ inhibition of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+ downregulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral T cell tolerance induction.
+ activation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+ stimulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+ up regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+ up-regulation of peripheral T cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ down regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ down-regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ up regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against a tumor cell target.
+ stimulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ activation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ down regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.
+ inhibition of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ downregulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ activation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ stimulation of natural killer cell mediated immune response to tumor cell
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated immune response to a tumor cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.
+ down regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ downregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ stimulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target.
+ upregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ down-regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
+ inhibition of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ downregulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
+ stimulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ activation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ upregulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ up-regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ up regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
+ down regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ downregulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ down-regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ upregulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ activation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ stimulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
+ up regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B-cell deletion
+ regulation of B-lymphocyte deletion
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of B lymphocyte deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of B cell deletion
+ negative regulation of B lymphocyte deletion
+ negative regulation of B-cell deletion
+ down-regulation of B cell deletion
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion.
+ negative regulation of B-lymphocyte deletion
+ down regulation of B cell deletion
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of B cell deletion
+ positive regulation of B-cell deletion
+ activation of B cell deletion
+ stimulation of B cell deletion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell deletion.
+ up-regulation of B cell deletion
+ up regulation of B cell deletion
+ positive regulation of B-lymphocyte deletion
+ positive regulation of B lymphocyte deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell anergy
+
+
+ T-lymphocyte anergy
+ biological_process
+ T-cell anergy
+ T lymphocyte anergy
+ Any process contributing to anergy in T cells, a state of functional inactivation which is part of T cell tolerance induction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.
+ regulation of NK cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.
+ negative regulation of NK cell tolerance induction
+ down regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+ inhibition of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+ downregulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NK cell tolerance induction
+ stimulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+ upregulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell tolerance induction.
+ activation of natural killer cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
+ down regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ inhibition of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ activation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ up regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus.
+ up-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ upregulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ down-regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
+ inhibition of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ down regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ stimulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
+ activation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ upregulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ up regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ down-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
+ inhibition of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ up-regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ activation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a chronic inflammatory response to a non-antigenic stimulus.
+ stimulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of hypersensitivity
+ inhibition of hypersensitivity
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.
+ down regulation of hypersensitivity
+ downregulation of hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of hypersensitivity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of hypersensitivity
+ up regulation of hypersensitivity
+ stimulation of hypersensitivity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hypersensitivity.
+ upregulation of hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+ inhibition of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
+ downregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+ down regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+ activation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity.
+ up-regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+ up regulation of myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+ down regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.
+ downregulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of an immunoglobulin mediated immune response.
+ upregulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+ stimulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+ activation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of type II hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of type II hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of type II hypersensitivity
+ downregulation of type II hypersensitivity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.
+ down regulation of type II hypersensitivity
+ inhibition of type II hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of type II hypersensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of type II hypersensitivity
+ activation of type II hypersensitivity
+ stimulation of type II hypersensitivity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of type II hypersensitivity
+ upregulation of type II hypersensitivity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type II hypersensitivity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of central B cell tolerance induction
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.
+ downregulation of central B cell tolerance induction
+ down-regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
+ down regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
+ upregulation of central B cell tolerance induction
+ activation of central B cell tolerance induction
+ up-regulation of central B cell tolerance induction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell tolerance induction.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of central B cell tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of central B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of central B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of central B cell deletion
+ down regulation of central B cell deletion
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of central B cell deletion
+ down-regulation of central B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of central B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of central B cell deletion
+ upregulation of central B cell deletion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell deletion.
+ up-regulation of central B cell deletion
+ activation of central B cell deletion
+ up regulation of central B cell deletion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature B cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptosis of mature B cells
+ programmed cell death, mature B cells
+ programmed cell death of mature B cells by apoptosis
+ mature B-cell apoptosis
+ apoptosis of mature B-cells
+ programmed cell death of mature B-lymphocytes by apoptosis
+ programmed cell death, mature B lymphocytes
+ programmed cell death, mature B-lymphocytes
+ apoptosis of mature B lymphocytes
+ programmed cell death of mature B lymphocytes by apoptosis
+ mature B-cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ mature B-lymphocyte programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ apoptosis of mature B-lymphocytes
+ mature B lymphocyte apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ programmed cell death of mature B-cells by apoptosis
+ mature B lymphocyte programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ mature B-lymphocyte apoptosis
+ The process of apoptosis in mature B cells.
+ mature B cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ programmed cell death, mature B-cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of B cell apoptosis
+ downregulation of B cell apoptosis
+ inhibition of B cell apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptosis.
+ down regulation of B cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptosis.
+ up regulation of B cell apoptosis
+ up-regulation of B cell apoptosis
+ stimulation of B cell apoptosis
+ upregulation of B cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ activation of B cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of mature B cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of mature B cell apoptosis
+ down-regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptosis.
+ down regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mature B cell apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
+ stimulation of mature B cell apoptosis
+ activation of mature B cell apoptosis
+ up-regulation of mature B cell apoptosis
+ upregulation of mature B cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of peripheral B cell deletion
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.
+ down regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
+ downregulation of peripheral B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
+ up regulation of peripheral B cell deletion
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of peripheral B cell deletion
+ stimulation of peripheral B cell deletion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell deletion.
+ activation of peripheral B cell deletion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lymphocyte anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lymphocyte anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of lymphocyte anergy
+ down-regulation of lymphocyte anergy
+ down regulation of lymphocyte anergy
+ downregulation of lymphocyte anergy
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lymphocyte anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of lymphocyte anergy
+ activation of lymphocyte anergy
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte anergy.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of lymphocyte anergy
+ up-regulation of lymphocyte anergy
+ upregulation of lymphocyte anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of central B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of central B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of central B cell anergy
+ inhibition of central B cell anergy
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of central B cell anergy
+ downregulation of central B cell anergy
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of central B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of central B cell anergy
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of central B cell anergy.
+ up regulation of central B cell anergy
+ up-regulation of central B cell anergy
+ stimulation of central B cell anergy
+ upregulation of central B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
+ down-regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
+ downregulation of peripheral B cell anergy
+ inhibition of peripheral B cell anergy
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of peripheral B cell anergy
+ upregulation of peripheral B cell anergy
+ stimulation of peripheral B cell anergy
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of peripheral B cell anergy.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
+ up-regulation of peripheral B cell anergy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of humoral immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of humoral immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of humoral immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
+ down regulation of humoral immune response
+ inhibition of humoral immune response
+ down-regulation of humoral immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of humoral immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of humoral immune response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response.
+ up regulation of humoral immune response
+ activation of humoral immune response
+ up-regulation of humoral immune response
+ upregulation of humoral immune response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+ downregulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.
+ inhibition of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+ down-regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+ up-regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+ biological_process
+ activation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin.
+ upregulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+ stimulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signalling
+ formation of a signal
+ The cellular process by which a physical entity or change in state, a signal, is created that originates in one cell and is used to transfer information to another cell. This process begins with the initial formation of the signal and ends with the mature form and placement of the signal.
+ signal generation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regionalization
+
+ The pattern specification process by which an axis or axes is subdivided in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum during fused antrum stage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The menstrual cycle process by which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed during the fused antrum stage of oogenesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum during distinct antral spaces stage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The menstrual cycle process by which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed during the antral spaces stage of oogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicular fluid formation in ovarian follicle antrum during scattered antral spaces stage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The menstrual cycle process by which one central cavity separating the oocyte/cumulus complex from mural granulosa and theca cells is formed during the scattered antral spaces stage of oogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive developmental process
+
+
+ A developmental process by which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The developmental process by which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
+ cardiac morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ system process
+
+ A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective.
+ organ system process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and in most cases it is under voluntary control.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ voluntary skeletal muscle contraction
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within voluntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the voluntary skeletal muscle, the muscle contraction takes advantage of an ordered sarcomeric structure and it is under voluntary control. Voluntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is under conscious control.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ involuntary skeletal muscle contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Involuntary skeletal muscle is skeletal muscle that is not under conscious control.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle system process
+
+ biological_process
+ A organ system process carried out at the level of a muscle. Muscle tissue is composed of contractile cells or fibers.
+ muscle physiological process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circulatory system process
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Circulatory_system
+ A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is an organ system that moves extracellular fluids to and from tissue within a multicellular organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal system process
+
+ biological_process
+ A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system is responsible for fluid volume regulation and detoxification in an organism.
+ kidney system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart process
+
+ biological_process
+ A circulatory system process carried out by the heart. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
+ cardiac process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory system process
+
+ biological_process
+ A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph circulation
+
+ The flow of lymph through the body of an animal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vascular process in circulatory system
+
+ biological_process
+ vasculature process
+ A circulatory process that occurs at the level of the vasculature.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system control of baroreceptor feedback
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The neurological process by which nerve impulses arising in the aorta or the carotid sinuses travel to the medulla and reach the nucleus of tractus solaris.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of reduced oxygen by chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.
+ biological_process
+ detection of reduced oxygen by chemoreceptor signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of increased carbon dioxide by chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of increased carbon dioxide by chemoreceptor signalling
+ The process by which information about the levels of carbon dioxideare received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of pH by chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.
+ detection of pH by chemoreceptor signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ baroreceptor detection of increased arterial stretch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events by which an increase in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ baroreceptor detection of decreased arterial stretch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events by which a decrease in diameter of an artery is detected and converted to a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by baroreceptor feedback
+
+ baroreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+ biological_process
+ The neural regulation of blood pressure in which baroreceptors sense the amount of stretch occurring in vessels and respond to the input via central nervous system control.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic arch baroreceptor feedback
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aortic arch baroreceptor control of systemic arterial blood pressure
+ The process that modulates blood pressure by sensing the amount of stretch occurring in the aorta and responding to the input via central nervous system control.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+ The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the carotid bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
+ carotid body chemoreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+ vagal reflex
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+ aortic body chemoreceptor regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+ biological_process
+ The process that modulates blood pressure by the action of chemoreceptors found in the aortic bodies and their resultant modulation of the vasomotor center. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
+ The process by which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of hydrogen ion
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a hydrogen ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of carbon dioxide
+
+ The series of events in which a carbon dioxide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of oxygen
+
+
+ The series of events in which an oxygen stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of hypoxic conditions in blood by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
+ The process by which information about a lack of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of increased carbon dioxide by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
+ biological_process
+ The process by which information about the levels of carbon dioxideare received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of increased carbon dioxide by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which information about the levels of carbon dioxideare received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.
+ detection of increased carbon dioxide by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ detection of pH by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
+ The process by which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of pH by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ detection of pH by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
+ The process by which information about the levels of hydrogen ions are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of reduced oxygen by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in an aortic body.
+ detection of reduced oxygen by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which information about the levels of oxygen are received and are converted to a molecular signal by chemoreceptors in a carotid body.
+ biological_process
+ detection of reduced oxygen by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ excitation of vasomotor center by aortic body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ excitation of vasomotor center by aortic body chemoreceptor signalling
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the molecular signal from an aortic body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ excitation of vasomotor center by carotid body chemoreceptor signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the molecular signal from a carotid body is relayed to the vasomotor center, causing it to signal an increase arterial pressure.
+ biological_process
+ excitation of vasomotor center by carotid body chemoreceptor signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasoconstriction of artery during carotid body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is triggered by carotid body-vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasoconstriction of artery during aortic body chemoreceptor response to lowering of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is triggered by aortic body-vasomotor excitation and results in a decrease in the diameter of an artery during the chemoreceptor response to decreased blood pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure mediated by a chemical signal
+
+ The regulation of blood pressure mediated by biochemical signaling: hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
+ biological_process
+ blood pressure regulation mediated by a chemical signal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by physical factors
+
+ The regulation of blood pressure mediated by detection of forces within the circulatory system.
+ blood pressure regulation by physical factors
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by stress relaxation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from stress relaxation that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Stress relaxation is the adaptation of vessels to a new size as a result of changes in pressure in storage areas such as veins, the liver, the spleen, and the lungs.
+ biological_process
+ blood pressure regulation by stress relaxation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by epinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of blood pressure by adrenaline
+ blood pressure regulation by epinephrine
+ The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule epinephrine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ blood pressure regulation by norepinephrine
+ regulation of blood pressure by noradrenaline
+ The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the catecholamine signaling molecule norepinephrine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by capillary fluid shift
+
+ blood pressure regulation by capillary fluid shift
+ The intrinsic circulatory process resulting from capillary fluid shift that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. Capillary fluid shift is the movement of fluid across the capillary membrane between the blood and the interstitial fluid compartment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by atrial natriuretic peptide
+
+ blood pressure regulation by atrial natriuretic peptide
+ The regulation of blood pressure mediated by the signaling molecule atrial natriuretic peptide.
+ biological_process
+ blood pressure regulation by ANP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst.
+ biological_process
+ angiotensin mediated drinking behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian regulation of heart rate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
+ circadian regulation of heart contraction rate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
+
+
+ master pacemaker clock regulation of blood pressure
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
+ SCN regulation of blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian regulation of heart rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
+
+ SCN regulation of heart rate
+ The process by which the suprachiasmatic nucleus modulates heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
+ master pacemaker clock regulation of heart rate
+ biological_process
+ circadian regulation of heart contraction rate by the suprachiasmatic nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
+
+ chemical cardiac inotropy
+ biological_process
+ regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction by chemical signal
+ The regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hormonal regulation of the force of heart contraction
+
+ The process by which the hormones modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
+ biological_process
+ hormonal cardiac inotropy
+ hormonal regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by adrenaline
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by epinephrine
+ epinephrine cardiac inotropy
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
+ adrenaline regulation of the strength of heart muscle contraction
+ adrenaline cardiac inotropy
+ increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by acetylcholine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors and decreases the force of heart muscle contraction.
+ decreased force of heart contraction by acetylcholine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by norepinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased force of heart contraction by adrenaline
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by adrenaline
+ noradrenaline cardiac inotropy
+ norepinephrine cardiac inotropy
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by norepinephrine
+ noradrenaline regulation of the strength of heart muscle contraction
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart musclecontraction.
+ increased force of heart contraction by norepinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heart rate by chemical signal
+
+ biological_process
+ chemical signal regulation of heart contraction rate
+ chemical signal regulation of heart rate
+ chemical cardiac chronotropy
+ The regulation of the rate of heart contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of heart rate by acetylcholine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of heart contraction rate by acetylcholine
+ The process by which acetylcholine released from vagus nerve endings binds to muscarinic receptors on the pacemaker cells and decreases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of the rate of heart contraction by hormone
+
+ biological_process
+ hormonal cardiac chronotropy
+ The process by which the hormones modulates the rate of heart muscle contraction. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adrenaline regulation of the rate of heart muscle contraction
+ epinephrine cardiac chronotropy
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
+ positive regulation of heart rate by adrenaline
+ positive regulation of heart contraction rate by epinephrine
+ adrenaline cardiac chronotropy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate by norepinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ noradrenaline cardiac chronotropy
+ The process by which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
+ noradrenaline regulation of the rate of heart muscle contraction
+ norepinephrine cardiac chronotropy
+ positive regulation of heart contraction rate by norepinephrine
+ positive regulation of heart rate by adrenaline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by hormone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which hormones modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system contributing to different values of blood pressure oscillating with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. A hormone is one of a group of substances formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which they have a specific regulatory action.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by acetylcholine
+
+ biological_process
+ blood pressure regulation by acetylcholine
+ The regulation of blood pressure mediated by acetylcholine signaling. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasodilation by acetylcholine involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which acetylcholine signaling causes vasodilation, resulting in a change in blood pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by neurotransmitter
+
+
+ The regulation of blood pressure mediated by a neurotransmitter. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal system process involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+ renal control of blood pressure
+ Renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal control of peripheral vascular resistance involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+ biological_process
+ renal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by control of peripheral vascular resistence
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renal control of peripheral vascular resistence
+ The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by impeding blood flow through the peripheral vasculature.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of diuresis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate of diuresis. Diuresis is the process of renal water excretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+ biological_process
+ renal regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system
+ The renal process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system, by vasodilation of the peripheral vascular system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of diuresis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that reduces the rate of diuresis. Diuresis is the process of renal water excretion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natriuresis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natriuresis, the process of renal sodium excretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natriuresis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natriuresis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natriuresis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of natriuresis, the process of renal sodium excretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which renin-angiotensin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
+ blood pressure regulation by renin-angiotensin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of renal output by angiotensin
+
+
+ angiotensin-mediated positive regulation of renal output
+ biological_process
+ angiotensin mediated positive regulation of renal output
+ The process by which angiotensin directly increases the rate of natriuresis and diuresis in the kidney.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of renal output by angiotensin
+
+
+ angiotensin-mediated negative regulation of renal output
+ angiotensin mediated negative regulation of renal output
+ The process by which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of natriuresis and diuresis in the kidney.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that increases the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that reduces the force with which blood travels through the systemic arterial circulatory system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by local renal renin-angiotensin
+
+ The process by which angiotensinogen metabolites in the kidney modulate the force with which blood passes through the renal circulatory system. The process begins when renin cleaves angiotensinogen.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine
+ increased force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine
+ biological_process
+ increased force of heart contraction by neuronal adrenaline
+ The process by which the release of epinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
+ increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine released from the nerve endings
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by adrenaline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by circulating adrenaline
+ increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine in the bloodstream
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
+ increased force of heart contraction by circulating adrenaline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine
+
+ increased force of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ increased force of heart contraction by circulating adrenaline-noradrenaline
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine in the bloodstream.
+ increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine in the blood stream
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by circulating epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by circulating adrenaline-noradrenaline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine-norepinephrine
+
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by adrenaline-noradrenaline
+ increased force of heart contraction by neuronal epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ positive regulation of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine
+ Any process that increases the force with which the cardiac muscles of the heart pump blood through the circulatory system as a result of the presence of epinephrine or norepinephrine released from the nerve endings.
+ increased force of heart contraction by epinephrine-norepinephrine released from the nerve endings
+ biological_process
+ increased force of heart contraction by neuronal adrenaline-noradrenaline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal water homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Renal process involved in the maintenance of internal equilibrium of water in the body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal water retention
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby renal water excretion is decreased.
+ negative regulation of renal water excretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glomerular filtration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the process whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glomerular filtration
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby plasma is filtered through the glomerular membrane which consists of capillary endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and epithelial cells. The glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it has no significant amount of protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pressure natriuresis
+
+ The process by which the volume of blood increases renal pressure and results in an increase in natriuresis and diuresis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal sodium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) by the kidney.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal water transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of water (H2O) by the kidney.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tubuloglomerular feedback
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Tubuloglomerular_feedback
+ The process by which blood volume is regulated due to a change in the rate of glomerular filtration. This is accomplished by a feedback mechanism that senses changes in the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction by chemical signal
+ biological_process
+ Any process which increases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin
+
+ The process by which endothelin modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. Endothelin is a hormone that is released by the endothelium, and it is a vasoconstrictor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by circulatory epinephrine-norepinephrine
+
+ The process by which epinephrine-norepinephrine modulate the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system.
+ regulation of blood pressure by circulating adrenaline-noradrenaline
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of diuresis by angiotensin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process mediated by angiotensin that increases the rate of diuresis.
+ angiotensin-mediated positive regulation of diuresis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of diuresis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of diuresis. Diuresis is the process of renal water excretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glomerular filtration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glomerular filtration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glomerular filtration by angiotensin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which angiotensin directly decreases the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the processs whereby blood is filtered by the glomerulus into the renal tubule.
+ angiotensin-mediated regulation of glomerular filtration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natriuresis by angiotensin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angiotensin-mediated positive regulation of natriuresis
+ The process by which angiotensin increases the rate of natriuresis indirectly via diuresis. Natriuresis is the process of renal sodium excretion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of the force of heart contraction by chemical signal
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process which decreases the force of heart muscle contraction mediated by chemical signaling, hormonal, autocrine or paracrine.
+ negative regulation of the force of heart muscle contraction by chemical signal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by circulating norepinephrine
+
+ The process by which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
+ increased force of heart contraction by circulating noradrenaline
+ increased force of heart contraction by circulating norepinephrine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine
+
+ increased force of heart contraction by neuronal noradrenaline
+ biological_process
+ increased force of heart contraction by neuronal norepinephrine
+ The process by which the release of norepinephrine from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate by circulating epinephrine
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate by circulating adrenaline
+ The process by which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal epinephrine
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal adrenaline
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the secretion of epinephrine from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal norepinephrine
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate by neuronal noradrenaline
+ The process by which the secretion of norepinephrine released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate by circulating norepinephrine
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate by circulating noradrenaline
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream increases the rate of heart muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasoconstriction by epinephrine
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasoconstriction by norepinephrine
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating norepinephrine
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
+ regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating noradrenaline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal norepinephrine
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.
+ regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal noradrenaline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal epinephrine
+
+ regulation of vasoconstriction by neuronal adrenaline
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating epinephrine
+
+ regulation of vasoconstriction by circulating adrenaline
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasodilation by epinephrine
+
+ regulation of vasodilation by adrenaline
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasodilation by norepinephrine
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream or released by nerve endings.
+ regulation of vasodilation by noradrenaline
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasodilation by circulating epinephrine
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream.
+ regulation of vasodilation by circulating adrenaline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasodilation by neuronal epinephrine
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of epinephrine released by nerve endings.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of vasodilation by neuronal adrenaline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasodilation by circulating norepinephrine
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of vasodilation by circulating noradrenaline
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of secretion of norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasodilation by neuronal norepinephrine
+
+ regulation of vasodilation by neuronal noradrenaline
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels as a result of norepinephrine released by nerve endings.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of calcium ion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ detection of Ca2+ ion
+ calcium ion detection
+ The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ calcium ion sensing
+ Ca2+ ion detection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0008372
+ Note that, in addition to forming the root of the cellular component ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the cellular component of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this.
+ goslim_candida
+ cellular component unknown
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_plant
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_goa
+ cellular component
+ The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.
+ goslim_generic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular region
+
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_pir
+ extracellular
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_goa
+ The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
+ Wikipedia:Extracellular
+ Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not uniformly attached to the cell surface. For gene products from multicellular organisms which are secreted from a cell but retained within the organism (i.e. released into the interstitial fluid or blood), consider the cellular component term 'extracellular space ; GO:0005615'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibrinogen complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibrinogen
+ fibrinogen alpha chain
+ fibrinogen beta chain
+ fibrinogen gamma chain
+ A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteinaceous extracellular matrix
+
+ extracellular matrix (sensu Metazoa)
+ goslim_plant
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_goa
+ goslim_generic
+ A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane attack complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow.
+ membrane attack complex protein beta2 chain
+ TCC
+ terminal complement complex
+ Wikipedia:Complement_membrane_attack_complex
+ membrane attack complex protein alphaM chain
+ MAC
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Collagen
+ Any of the various assemblies in which collagen chains form a left-handed triple helix; may assemble into higher order structures.
+ cellular_component
+ other collagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type XV
+
+ A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XV) chains; a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan often found in specialized basement membranes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibrillar collagen
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any collagen polymer in which collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type I
+
+ A collagen heterotrimer containing two alpha1(I) chains and one alpha2(I) chain; type I collagen triple helices associate to form banded fibrils.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Collagen_type_I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type II
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
+ Wikipedia:Collagen_type_II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type III
+
+ A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(III) chains; type III collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type IV
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form nets within basement membranes.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Collagen_type_IV
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type V
+
+ A collagen heterotrimer containing type V alpha chains; [alpha1(V)]2alpha2(V) and alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V) trimers have been observed; type V collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type VI
+
+ A collagen heterotrimer containing type VI alpha chains in alpha1(VI)alpha2(VI)alpha3(VI) trimers; type VI collagen triple helices associate to form beaded fibrils.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type VII
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(VII) chains; type VII collagen triple helices form antiparallel dimer, which in turn associate laterally to form anchoring fibrils that connect type IV collagen in the basal lamina to plaques in the underlying connective tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type VIII
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen heterotrimer containing type VIII alpha chains; [alpha1(VIII)2]alpha2(VIII) and alpha1(VIII)[alpha2(VIII)]2 trimers have been observed; type VIII collagen triple helices associate to form regular hexagonal nets.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type XI
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen heterotrimer containing type XI alpha chains in alpha1(XI)alpha2(XI)alpha3(XI) trimers; type XI collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FACIT collagen
+
+ Wikipedia:FACIT_collagen
+ cellular_component
+ Any collagen polymer associated with collagen fibrils and in which the collagen monomers contain two or more relatively short triple-helical domains connected by non-triple-helical sequences; the acronym FACIT stands for fibril-associated collagen with interrupted triple helix.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type IX
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen heterotrimer containing type IX alpha chains in alpha1(IX)alpha2(IX)alpha3(IX) trimers; type IX collagen triple helices associate to form a structure that links glycosaminoglycans to type II collagen fibrils.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type XII
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XII) chains; type XII collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type XIV
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIV) chains; type XIV collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type XVI
+
+ A collagen trimer containing alpha(XVI) chains; type XVI trimers can associate with microfibrils.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ short-chain collagen
+
+ Any assembly of collagen in which the collagen chains are relatively short compared to the fibrillar collagens.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type X
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(X) chains; type X collagen triple helices may form nets.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type XIII
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIII) chains; type X collagen triple helices span lipid bilayer membranes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ classical-complement-pathway C3/C5 convertase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric protein complex that catalyzes the cleavage of complement components C3 and C5, and acts in the classical pathway of complement activation; consists of one monomer of C2a and one monomer of C4b; C2a is the catalytic subunit, but cannot catalyze cleavage alone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ complement component C1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex composed of six subunits of C1q, each formed of the three homologous polypeptide chains C1QA, C1QB, and C1QB, and tetramer of two C1QR and two C1QS polypeptide chains.
+ complement component C1q complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basement membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Basement_membrane
+ A thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basal lamina
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ basement lamina
+ Wikipedia:Basal_lamina
+ A thin sheet of proteoglycans and glycoproteins, especially laminin, secreted by cells as an extracellular matrix.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-1 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-2 complex
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-3 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha1, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-4 complex
+
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-5 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta3 and gamma2 polypeptide chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-6 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-7 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha3, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interstitial matrix
+
+ cellular_component
+ A type of extracellular matrix found in interstitial connective tissue, characterized by the presence of fibronectins, proteoglycans, and types I, III, V, VI, VII and XII collagens.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular space
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that for multicellular organisms, the extracellular space refers to everything outside a cell, but still within the organism (excluding the extracellular matrix). Gene products from a multi-cellular organism are secreted from a cell into the interstitial fluid or blood can therefore be annotated to this term.
+ goslim_goa
+ That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
+ intercellular space
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_generic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval serum protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multisubunit protein complex which, in Drosophila, is a heterohexamer of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. The complex is thought to store amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_yeast
+ Wikipedia:Cell_wall
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan.
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall
+
+ fungal-type spore wall
+ The specialized cell wall of the ascospore (spore), which is the product of meiotic division.
+ cellular_component
+ spore wall (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud scar
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation. The number of bud scars that accumulate on the surface of a cell is a useful determinant of replicative age.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular
+
+ goslim_pir
+ protoplasm
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Intracellular
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_goa
+ goslim_generic
+ The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_goa
+ Wikipedia:Cell_(biology)
+ The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_plant
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane fraction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_yeast
+ That fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that includes the plasma and other membranes.
+ Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
+ goslim_candida
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ soluble fraction
+
+ That fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that is soluble in water.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
+ soluble
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insoluble fraction
+
+ cellular_component
+ That fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that is not soluble in water.
+ particle-bound
+ gosubset_prok
+ Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prospore membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ FSM
+ The prospore membrane is a double-membraned structure that extends from the cytoplasmic face of the spindle pole bodies to encompass the spindle pole bodies and the four nuclear lobes that are formed during meiosis. It helps isolate the meiotic nuclei from the cytoplasm during spore formation and serves as a foundation for the formation of the spore walls.
+ forespore membrane (sensu Fungi)
+ ascospore-type prospore membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dityrosine layer of spore wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The outermost layer of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitosan layer of spore wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The second outermost layer of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner layer of spore wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Either of the two innermost layers of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascus lipid droplet
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any particle of coalesced lipids in an ascus or ascospore. May include associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleus
+
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_pir
+ A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
+ goslim_yeast
+ cell nucleus
+ goslim_generic
+ Wikipedia:Cell_nucleus
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_goa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear envelope
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0005636
+ Wikipedia:Nuclear_envelope
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_plant
+ The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
+ goslim_generic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear inner membrane
+
+
+ The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope.
+ inner envelope
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamin filament
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ type V intermediate filament
+ Any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. They are classified as lamins A, B and C.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to nuclear inner membrane
+
+
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the nuclear inner membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.
+ perinuclear membrane
+ outer envelope
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear envelope lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be confused with the cellular component term 'perinuclear region ; GO:0048471'.
+ GO:0005653
+ nuclear intermembrane space
+ The region between the two lipid bilayers of the nuclear envelope; 20-40 nm wide.
+ cellular_component
+ perinuclear space
+ nuclear membrane lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ annulate lamellae
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes containing a high density of nuclear pores, thought to form from excess nuclear membrane components, that have been described in a number of different cells. Annulate lamellar membranes are continuous with and embedded within the ER.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear pore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0005644
+ nuclear pore complex
+ cellular_component
+ Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.
+ nuclear pore membrane protein
+ NPC
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Nuclear_pore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear lamina
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Nuclear_lamina
+ The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoplasm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_generic
+ cellular_component
+ That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
+ Wikipedia:Nucleoplasm
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolar ribonuclease P complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.
+ nucleolar RNase P complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-replicative complex
+
+
+ pre-RC
+ cellular_component
+ A multiprotein complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins during late mitosis and G1, allowing the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication. The complex normally includes the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, Cdt1 and the MiniChromosome Maintenance (Mcm2-7) proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication fork
+
+ replication focus
+ gosubset_prok
+ The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
+ Wikipedia:Replication_fork
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA polymerase alpha:primase complex
+ primosome
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which catalyzes the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA; the smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis.
+ pol-prim
+ heterotetrameric polymerase alpha holoenzyme
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication factor A complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RPA
+ cellular_component
+ replication protein A
+ Wikipedia:Replication_protein_A
+ single-stranded DNA-binding protein complex
+ A conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA and is required for multiple processes in eukaryotic DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination. In all eukaryotic organisms examined the complex is composed of subunits of approximately 70, 30, and 14 kDa.
+ SSB
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication factor C complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activator 1 complex
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of five polypeptides in eukaryotes, and two in prokaryotes, that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase.
+ goslim_pir
+ RFC complex
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear origin of replication recognition complex
+
+
+ eukaryotic ORC
+ cellular_component
+ A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the nucleus.
+ nuclear ORC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNAP II complex
+ RNA polymerase II, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces mRNAs, snoRNAs, and some of the snRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains an essential carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) composed of a variable number of heptapeptide repeats (YSPTSPS). The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
+ cellular_component
+ RNA polymerase II complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA-directed RNA polymerase III complex
+
+
+ DNA-directed RNA polymerase III activity
+ RNA polymerase III, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces 5S rRNA, tRNAs and some of the small nuclear RNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase I and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and II. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex, distinct from RNA polymerase, that associates with DNA at promoters or at cis-acting regulatory sequences, by direct binding or by interaction with other DNA-binding polypeptides or complexes, and regulates transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA polymerase transcription factor SL1 complex
+
+ A RNA polymerase I-specific transcription factor complex that contains the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and at least three TBP-associated factors including proteins known in mammals as TAFI110, TAFI63 and TAFI48.
+ selectivity factor SL1 complex
+ TIF-IB
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIID complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex composed of TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP associated factors (TAFs); the total mass is typically about 800 kDa. Most of the TAFs are conserved across species. In TATA-containing promoters for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), TFIID is believed to recognize at least two distinct elements, the TATA element and a downstream promoter element. TFIID is also involved in recognition of TATA-less Pol II promoters. Binding of TFIID to DNA is necessary but not sufficient for transcription initiation from most RNA polymerase II promoters.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ada2/Gcn5/Ada3 transcription activator complex
+
+ A multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and is involved in regulation of transcription. The budding yeast complex includes Gcn5p, two proteins of the Ada family, and two TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIIA complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A component of the transcription machinery of RNA Polymerase II. In humans, TFIIA is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha (P35), beta (P19) and gamma subunits (P12).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIIE complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A transcription factor which in humans consists of a complex of two alpha and two beta chains. Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and helps activate both RNA polymerase II and TFIIH.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIIF complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A general transcription initiation factor which in humans consists of a heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Helps recruit RNA polymerase II to the initiation complex and promotes translation elongation.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ holo TFIIH complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex that contains kinase activity directed towards the C-terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in vitro. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of the 5-subunit core (Rad3p, Tfb1p, Tfb2p, Ssl1p and Tfb4p), Ssl2p, and TFIIK (Kin28p, Ccl1p, and Tfb3p). All of the subunits have equivalents in humans: the 5 subunit core is composed of ERCC2, p62, p55, p44, p34; the equivalent of the TFIIK subcomplex is composed of MO15, Mat1, and a cyclin; the human equivalent of Ssl2p is XPB.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin silencing complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin assembly complex
+
+ nucleosome assembly complex
+ cellular_component
+ Any protein complex that acts in the formation of nucleosomes or higher order chromatin structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaphase-promoting complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Substrate recognition by APC occurs through degradation signals, the most common of which is termed the Dbox degradation motif, originally discovered in cyclin B.
+ Note that the synonym 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for the adenomatous polyposis coli gene and protein.
+ Wikipedia:Anaphase-promoting_complex
+ APC
+ anaphase promoting complex
+ cyclosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spliceosome
+
+
+ spliceosome complex
+ A ribonucleoprotein complex, containing RNA and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) that is assembled during the splicing of messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron.
+ Wikipedia:Spliceosome
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP U5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U5; a component of both the major and minor spliceosome complexes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP U7
+
+ A ribonucleoprotein complex, that includes the U7 snRNA, required for the 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ U2-dependent spliceosome
+
+ The major (U2-dependent) spliceosome is composed of five snRNP complexes (U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6) as well as many non-snRNP proteins. It acts through many RNA-RNA, RNA-protein, and protein-protein interactions to precisely excise each intron and join the flanking exons.
+ major spliceosome
+ major (U2-dependent) spliceosome
+ cellular_component
+ GT-AG spliceosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP U1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U1; a component of the major spliceosome complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP U2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U2; a component of the major spliceosome complex.
+ cellular_component
+ 17S U2 snRNP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP U4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U4; a component of the major spliceosome complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP U6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U6; a component of the major spliceosome complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ U12-dependent spliceosome
+
+ minor (U12-dependent) spliceosome complex
+ minor spliceosome
+ AT-AC spliceosome
+ The minor (U12-dependent) spliceosome is composed of the snRNPs, U11, U12, U4atac, U6atac, and U5 (which is also a component of the major spliceosome). This minor form of the spliceosome is responsible for the splicing of the majority of introns with atypical AT-AC terminal dinucleotides, as well as other non-canonical introns. The entire splice site signal, not just the terminal dinucleotides, is involved in determining which spliceosome utilizes the site.
+ Wikipedia:Minor_spliceosome
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP U4atac
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U4atac; a component of the minor spliceosome complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP U6atac
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U6atac; a component of the minor spliceosome complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP U11
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ 12S U11 snRNP
+ Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U11; a component of the minor spliceosome complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP U12
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U12; a component of the minor spliceosome complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome
+
+ Wikipedia:Chromosome
+ goslim_goa
+ goslim_generic
+ chromatid
+ A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
+ goslim_candida
+ prophase chromosome
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_pir
+ interphase chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomerase holoenzyme complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene chromosome
+
+ Wikipedia:Polytene_chromosome
+ A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene chromosome chromocenter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene chromosome chromocentre
+ cellular_component
+ A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene chromosome weak point
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ constriction
+ cellular_component
+ A region of the polytene chromosome where the diameter is considerably decreased, probably resulting from local differences in chromosome organization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene chromosome puff
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene chromosome band
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene chromosome interband
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene chromosome ectopic fiber
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene chromosome ectopic fibre
+ A thread-like connection joining two regions of ectopically paired polytene chromosomes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chiasma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Chiasma_(genetics)
+ A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recombination nodule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early recombination nodule
+
+ An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in leptotene or zygotene during meiosis I.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ late recombination nodule
+
+ An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in pachytene during meiosis I.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear euchromatin
+
+
+ The dispersed less dense form of chromatin in the interphase nucleus. It exists in at least two forms, a some being in the form of transcriptionally active chromatin which is the least condensed, while the rest is inactive euchromatin which is more condensed than active chromatin but less condensed than heterochromatin.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear heterochromatin
+
+
+ A condensed form of chromatin, occurring in the nucleus during interphase, that stains strongly with basophilic dyes. The DNA of heterochromatin is typically replicated at a later stage in the cell-division cycle than euchromatin.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centromeric heterochromatin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ centric heterochromatin
+ A region of heterochromatin located near the centromere of a chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-heterochromatin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A diffusely banded region of heterochromatin located between euchromatin and alpha-heterochromatin in the polytene chromosome chromocenter; normally replicated during polytenization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-heterochromatin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A small, compact region of heterochromatin located in the middle of the polytene chromosome chromocenter, which undergoes little or no replication during polytenization.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear telomeric heterochromatin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres of a chromosome in the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intercalary heterochromatin
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any of the regions of heterochromatin that form a reproducible set of dense bands scattered along the euchromatic arms in polytene chromosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perichromatin fibrils
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Structures of variable diameter visible in the nucleoplasm by electron microscopy, mainly observed near the border of condensed chromatin. The fibrils are enriched in RNA, and are believed to be sites of pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylylation representing the in situ form of nascent transcripts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrachromosomal circular DNA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Circular DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrachromosomal rDNA circle
+
+ extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA circle
+ cellular_component
+ Circular DNA molecules encoding ribosomal RNA that are replicated independently of chromosomal replication. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-micrometer circle DNA
+
+ cellular_component
+ A plasmid commonly found in Saccharomyces, inherited in a non-Mendelian manner and often present in 100-400 copies.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_plant
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_pir
+ A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
+ Wikipedia:Nucleolus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolus organizer region
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Nucleolus_organizer_region
+ nucleolus organizer complex
+ A region of a chromosome where nucleoli form during interphase, and where genes encoding the largest rRNA precursor transcript are tandemly arrayed.
+ NOR
+ cellular_component
+ nucleolus organiser region
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ snoRNP
+ goslim_pir
+ small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein
+ A complex composed of RNA of the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and protein, found in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell. Most are involved in a step of processing of rRNA: cleavage, 2'-O-methylation, or pseudouridylation. The majority, though not all, fall into one of two classes, box C/D type or box H/ACA type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA-directed RNA polymerase I complex
+
+
+ RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
+ DNA-directed RNA polymerase I activity
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasm
+
+ goslim_plant
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_candida
+ All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Cytoplasm
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_goa
+ goslim_yeast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrion
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_generic
+ Wikipedia:Mitochondrion
+ cellular_component
+ A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_plant
+ mitochondria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial envelope
+
+
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_yeast
+ The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial outer membrane
+
+
+ outer mitochondrial membrane
+ Wikipedia:Outer_mitochondrial_membrane
+ The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates transport of proteins into all mitochondrial compartments.
+ TOM complex
+ GIP complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial inner membrane
+
+
+ The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
+ cellular_component
+ inner mitochondrial membrane
+ Wikipedia:Inner_mitochondrial_membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial inner membrane presequence translocase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that contains three essential Tim proteins: Tim17 and Tim23 are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein Hsp70 to form an ATP-driven import motor.
+ goslim_pir
+ See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial inner membrane ; GO:0005743'.
+ mitochondrial inner membrane pre-sequence translocase complex
+ mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex
+ Tim23 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ m-AAA complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is involved in mitochondrial protein turnover and in processing of proteins imported into mitochondria.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
+ mitochondrial electron transport chain
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADH dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) (sensu Eukaryota)
+ respiratory chain complex I (sensu Eukaryota)
+ GO:0005748
+ A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ succinate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ GO:0008136
+ respiratory chain complex II (sensu Eukaryota)
+ A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.
+ GO:0009362
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0019738
+ mitochondrial fumarate reductase complex
+ fumarate reductase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) (sensu Eukaryota)
+ GO:0030390
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ GO:0015008
+ A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.
+ ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+ respiratory chain complex III (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytochrome c oxidase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ respiratory chain complex IV (sensu Eukaryota)
+ A protein complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that forms part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Contains the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).
+ GO:0005752
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase
+ cellular_component
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ respiratory chain complex V (sensu Eukaryota)
+ GO:0016470
+ A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane.
+ hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core (sensu Eukaryota)
+ The hexamer, comprising three alpha and three beta subunits, that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk (sensu Eukaryota)
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk (sensu Eukaryota)
+ One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the mitochondrial membrane-associated F0 proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol.
+ mitochondrial PT pore complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial intermembrane space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope.
+ GO:0031971
+ mitochondrial membrane lumen
+ mitochondrial envelope lumen
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty-acid oxidation.
+ mitochondrial stroma
+ Wikipedia:Mitochondrial_matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma DNA polymerase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A DNA polymerase complex consisting of a large subunit, responsible for the catalytic activities, and a small accessory subunit. Functions in the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial ribosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 55S ribosome, mitochondrial
+ cellular_component
+ A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ 39S ribosomal subunit, mitochondrial
+ The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial ribosomal SSU complex
+ The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome.
+ cellular_component
+ 28S ribosomal subunit, mitochondrial
+ mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosome
+
+ goslim_generic
+ cellular_component
+ A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
+ goslim_plant
+ Wikipedia:Lysosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosomal membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary lysosome
+
+ A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary lysosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ Vacuole formed by the fusion of a lysosome with an organelle (autosome) or with a primary phagosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosome
+
+
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_pir
+ A membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation.
+ goslim_generic
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Endosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early endosome
+
+ Small irregularly shaped intracellular vesicles to which endocytosed molecules are initially delivered.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ late endosome
+
+ PVC
+ cellular_component
+ prevacuolar compartment
+ A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multivesicular body
+
+ MVE
+ cellular_component
+ MVB
+ A type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
+ multivesicular endosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuole
+
+
+ vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_yeast
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Vacuole
+ A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material. Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol.
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_candida
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar membrane
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar lumen
+
+
+ The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagic vacuole
+
+ autophagosome
+ A double-membrane-bounded vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered; known as autophagosome in yeast.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisome
+
+ GO:0019818
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_plant
+ A small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
+ Wikipedia:Peroxisome
+ goslim_yeast
+ peroxisome vesicle
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_candida
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisomal membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome.
+ peroxisome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to peroxisomal membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a peroxisomal membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to intraperoxisomal membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Loosely bound to the intraperoxisomal surface of the peroxisomal membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ intra-peroxisomal peripheral membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisomal matrix
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ peroxisomal lumen
+ GO:0031909
+ The volume contained within the membranes of a peroxisome; in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum
+
+
+ The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
+ cellular_component
+ ER
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_yeast
+ Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translocon complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sec61 complex
+ A translocation complex that constitutes the specific site of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, which involves the signal recognition particle receptor. Composed of a heterotetramer of alpha, beta, gamma and delta subunits (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs). In yeast it is a heterotrimeric complex consisting of Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p. The Sec61 complex functions in cotranslational and posttranslational translocation events.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal recognition particle receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A transmembrane heterodimeric protein located in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both subunits contain GTPase domains with which signal recognition particle interacts. In the presence of GTP and SRP receptor, SRP is released from the ribosome-nascent chain complex.
+ SR complex
+ docking protein complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal recognition particle, endoplasmic reticulum targeting
+
+ signal recognition particle (sensu Eukaryota)
+ SRP
+ A ribonucleoprotein particle of 325 kDa composed of a 7S (300 nucleotide) RNA molecule and a complex of six different polypeptides. This binds both to the N-terminal signal peptide for proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum as they emerge from the large ribosomal subunit and also to the ribosome. This binding arrests further translation thereby preventing the proteins from being released into the cytosol. The SRP-ribosome complex then diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is bound to the signal recognition particle receptor, which allows resumption of protein synthesis and facilitates the passage of the growing polypeptide chain through the translocon. Through a process involving GTP hydrolysis, the SRP-SRP receptor complex dissociates and SRP returns to the cytosol. Of the six polypeptides of SRP the 54 kDa subunit (SRP54) is the central player. It contains an N-terminal GTPase domain and a C-terminal domain that binds directly to the signal peptide and the SRP RNA.
+ GO:0005855
+ cellular_component
+ signal sequence receptor complex
+ Wikipedia:Signal_recognition_particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal peptidase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multi subunit protease complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that cleaves the signal sequence from precursor proteins following their transport out of the cytoplasmic space.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum lumen
+
+ ER cisterna
+ GO:0016022
+ endoplasmic reticulum cisterna
+ ER lumen
+ cisternal lumen
+ The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER membrane
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth endoplasmic reticulum
+
+ smooth ER
+ Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum
+ cellular_component
+ The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has with no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rough endoplasmic reticulum
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum
+ The rough (or granular) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface; the ribosomes are the site of translation of the mRNA for those proteins which are either to be retained within the cisternae (ER-resident proteins), the proteins of the lysosomes, or the proteins destined for export from the cell. Glycoproteins undergo their initial glycosylation within the cisternae.
+ rough ER
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microsome
+
+ Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
+ microsomal membrane
+ Any of the small, heterogeneous, artifactual, vesicular particles, 50-150 nm in diameter, that are formed when some eukaryotic cells are homogenized and that sediment on centrifugation at 100000 g.
+ Wikipedia:Microsome
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER-Golgi intermediate compartment
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
+ vesicular-tubular cluster
+ pre-Golgi intermediate compartment
+ Wikipedia:Vesicular-tubular_cluster
+ A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi transport.
+ cellular_component
+ ERGIC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi apparatus
+
+
+ goslim_plant
+ Wikipedia:Golgi_apparatus
+ Golgi
+ cellular_component
+ Golgi complex
+ Golgi ribbon
+ Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon.
+ goslim_yeast
+ A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_generic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi stack
+
+ dictyosome
+ The set of thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments, called cisternae, that form the central portion of the Golgi complex. The stack usually comprises cis, medial, and trans cisternae; the cis- and trans-Golgi networks are not considered part of the stack.
+ Golgi cisternae
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0016940
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi lumen
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi medial cisterna
+
+ The middle Golgi cisterna (or cisternae).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi-associated vesicle
+
+
+ Note that this definition includes vesicles that are transiently associated with the Golgi.
+ Golgi vesicle
+ cellular_component
+ Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cis-Golgi network
+
+ Golgi cis face
+ The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the convex side of the Golgi apparatus, which abuts the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ Golgi cis-face
+ cis Golgi network
+ forming face
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trans-Golgi network
+
+ Golgi trans face
+ The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located at the side of the Golgi apparatus distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination.
+ TGN
+ cellular_component
+ maturing face
+ late Golgi
+ trans Golgi network
+ Golgi trans-face
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid particle
+
+ lipid droplet
+ Note that this term does not refer to vesicles, but instead to structures in which lipids do not necessarily form bilayers.
+ goslim_generic
+ adiposome
+ lipid body
+ Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a cell. May include associated proteins.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centrosome
+
+
+ A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Centrosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centriole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Centriole
+ A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule organizing center
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_yeast
+ A region in a eukaryotic cell, such as a centrosome or basal body, from which microtubules grow.
+ MTOC
+ goslim_candida
+ microtubule organising centre
+ Wikipedia:Microtubule_organizing_center
+ goslim_generic
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Spindle_pole_body
+ cellular_component
+ The microtubule organizing center in fungi; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aster
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Spindle_apparatus
+ The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate layer of spindle pole body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Structure between the central and outer plaques of the spindle pole body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner plaque of spindle pole body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the inner plaque is in the nucleus.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central plaque of spindle pole body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the central plaque is embedded in the nuclear envelope.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer plaque of spindle pole body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the outer plaque is in the cytoplasm.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ half bridge of spindle pole body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Structure adjacent to the plaques of the spindle pole body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile ring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actomyosin ring (sensu Fungi)
+ CAR
+ constriction ring
+ cytokinetic ring (sensu Fungi)
+ contractile ring (sensu Fungi)
+ GO:0030480
+ A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells. In animal cells, the contractile ring is located inside the plasma membrane at the location of the cleavage furrow. In budding fungal cells, e.g. mitotic S. cerevisiae cells, the contractile ring forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck before mitosis.
+ cellular_component
+ actomyosin ring
+ contractile actomyosin ring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polar microtubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any of the spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. This interdigitating structure consisting of antiparallel microtubules is responsible for pushing the poles of the spindle apart.
+ pole-to-pole microtubule
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinetochore microtubule
+
+ Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation.
+ pole-to-kinetochore microtubule
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosol
+
+ Wikipedia:Cytosol
+ gosubset_prok
+ The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid hormone aporeceptor complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex consisting of a steroid receptor associated with nonreceptor proteins, minimally a dimer of Hsp90 and a monomer of hsp56/FKBP59; forms in the absence of bound ligand.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chaperonin-containing T-complex
+
+
+ TriC
+ A multisubunit ring-shaped complex that mediates protein folding in the cytosol without a cofactor.
+ cellular_component
+ CCT particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemoglobin complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An iron-containing, oxygen carrying complex. In vertebrates it is made up of two pairs of associated globin polypeptide chains, each chain carrying a noncovalently bound heme prosthetic group.
+ haemoglobin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterotrimeric G-protein complex
+
+
+ heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit
+ cellular_component
+ See also the molecular function term 'G-protein coupled receptor activity ; GO:0004930'.
+ heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit
+ heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase activity
+ heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit
+ Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G-protein coupled receptors to an effector protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid synthase complex
+
+
+ A multienzyme complex required to convert carbohydrates to fatty acids, specifically acetyl CoA to palmitate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_synthetase_complex
+ goslim_pir
+ fatty acid synthetase complex
+ cellular_component
+ holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase complex
+ FAS complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty-acyl-CoA synthase complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that possesses fatty-acyl-CoA synthase activity.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that fatty acid synthetases of vertebrates and yeast are stable enzyme complexes of multifunctional polypeptide chains, whereas the fatty acid synthetases of plants and E. coli consist of non-associated individual enzymes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome regulatory particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 19S regulatory particle
+ proteasome regulatory particle (sensu Eukaryota)
+ modulator complex
+ PA700-dependent proteasome activator
+ A multisubunit complex, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes, unfolds ubiquitinated proteins and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.
+ PA700 proteasome activator
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome core complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 20S core complex
+ PA28gamma-20S proteasome
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0000503
+ A multisubunit barrel shaped endoprotease complex, which is the core of the proteasome complex.
+ macropain
+ proteasome core complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ proteasome core complex (sensu Bacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosome
+
+
+
+ goslim_yeast
+ gosubset_prok
+ An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_generic
+ Wikipedia:Ribosome
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_pir
+ ribosomal RNA
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polysome
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ polyribosome
+ Several ribosomes bound to one mRNA.
+ Wikipedia:Polysome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA cap binding complex
+
+
+ Any protein complex that binds to an mRNA cap at any time in the lifetime of the mRNA.
+ mRNA cap complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear cap binding complex
+
+
+ snRNA cap binding complex
+ NCBP-NIP1 complex
+ cellular_component
+ CBC
+ Note that this complex can be found in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus.
+ mRNA cap binding complex
+ A conserved heterodimeric protein complex that binds to the 5' terminal cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')N of nascent eukaryotic RNA polymerase II transcripts such as pre-mRNA and U snRNA. The consists of proteins known as CBP20 and CBP80, binds to cap structures in the nucleus, and is involved in pre-mRNA splicing, 3'-end formation, and RNA nuclear export.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex
+
+ cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
+ CPSF complex
+ CFII complex
+ CPF complex
+ A multisubunit complex that binds to the canonical AAUAAA hexamer and to U-rich upstream sequence elements on the pre-mRNA, thereby stimulating the otherwise weakly active and nonspecific polymerase to elongate efficiently RNAs containing a poly(A) signal.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA cleavage stimulating factor complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex required for mRNA cleavage but not for poly(A) addition.
+ CstF complex
+ cleavage stimulation factor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA cleavage factor complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ Any macromolecular complex involved in cleavage or polyadenylation of mRNA molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex
+
+
+ Wikipedia:EIF-2
+ cellular_component
+ Complex of three heterogeneous polypeptide chains, that form a ternary complex with initiator methionyl-tRNA and GTP. This ternary complex binds to free 40S subunit, which subsequently binds the 5' end of mRNA.
+ eIF-2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex
+
+
+ A multisubunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor which catalyzes the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF2 for GTP, generating active eIF2-GTP. In humans, it is composed of five subunits, alpha, beta, delta, gamma and epsilon.
+ eIF-2B
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ eIF3
+ eIF-3
+ A complex of several polypeptides that plays at least two important roles in protein synthesis: First, eIF3 binds to the 40S ribosome and facilitates loading of the Met-tRNA/eIF2.GTP ternary complex to form the 43S preinitiation complex. Subsequently, eIF3 apparently assists eIF4 in recruiting mRNAs to the 43S complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multisubunit nucleotide exchange complex that binds GTP and aminoacyl-tRNAs, and catalyzes their codon-dependent placement at the A-site of the ribosome. In humans, the complex is composed of four subunits, alpha, beta, delta and gamma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nascent polypeptide-associated complex
+
+
+ A heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes, and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome.
+ NAC
+ cellular_component
+ NACA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoskeleton
+
+ Wikipedia:Cytoskeleton
+ goslim_yeast
+ Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_candida
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axonemal dynein complex
+
+
+ axonemal dynein intermediate light chain
+ cellular_component
+ axonemal dynein heavy chain
+ axonemal dynein light chain
+ axonemal dynein intermediate chain
+ A dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella; the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion. May contain two or three dynein heavy chains as well as several light chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle myosin complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ troponin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle thin filament tropomyosin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle thick filament
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bipolar filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle thin filament
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic dynein complex
+
+ cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain
+ cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain
+ cytoplasmic dynein light chain
+ cellular_component
+ cytoplasmic dynein intermediate light chain
+ Any dynein complex that catalyzes movement along a cytoplasmic microtubule; cytoplasmic dynein complexes participates in many transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes,and may include light chains and light intermediate chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dynactin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin capping protein of dynactin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A heterodimer consisting of alpha and a beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, nucleates the polymerization of actin monomers but does not sever actin filaments, and which is a part of the dynactin complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinesin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily, a group of related proteins that contain an extended region of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil in the main chain that likely produces dimerization. The native complexes of several kinesin family members have also been shown to contain additional peptides, often designated light chains as all of the noncatalytic subunits that are currently known are smaller than the chain that contains the motor unit. Kinesin complexes generally possess a force-generating enzymatic activity, or motor, which converts the free energy of the gamma phosphate bond of ATP into mechanical work.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ minus-end kinesin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the minus end of a microtubule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plus-end kinesin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the plus end of a microtubule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Microtubule
+ Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule associated complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle microtubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axonemal microtubule
+
+
+ A microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear microtubule
+
+
+ Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic microtubule
+
+ non-spindle-associated astral microtubule
+ Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate filament
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Intermediate_filament
+ type I intermediate filament associated protein
+ A cytoskeletal structure that forms a distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: Type I, acidic keratins; Type II, basic keratins; Type III, including desmin, vimentin and others; Type IV, neurofilaments and related filaments; and Type V, lamins.
+ type II intermediate filament associated protein
+ intermediate filament associated protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurofilament
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type IV intermediate filament
+ cellular_component
+ A type of intermediate filament found in the core of neuronal axons. Neurofilaments are heteropolymers composed of three type IV polypeptides: NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H (for low, middle, and high molecular weight). Neurofilaments are responsible for the radial growth of an axon and determine axonal diameter.
+ Wikipedia:Neurofilament
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ microfilament
+ A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
+ Wikipedia:Actin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Arp2/3 protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A stable protein complex that contains two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5), and functions in the nucleation of branched actin filaments.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane
+
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_plant
+ The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell membrane
+ cytoplasmic membrane
+ cellular_component
+ plasmalemma
+ juxtamembrane
+ goslim_yeast
+ bacterial inner membrane
+ goslim_generic
+ inner endospore membrane
+ Wikipedia:Cell_membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to plasma membrane
+
+
+ Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
+ A protein complex that possesses hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity; characterized in animal cells, where it maintains ionic gradients of Na+ and K+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis; The complex contains two obligatory subunits, the catalytic alpha subunit and a glycosylated beta subunit; two additional subunits, gamma and channel-inducing factor (CHIF), may also be present.
+ cellular_component
+ proton pump
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sodium pump
+ sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
+ Sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPases are tetrameric proteins, consisting of two large alpha subunits and two smaller beta subunits. The alpha subunits bear the active site and penetrate the membrane, while the beta subunits carry oligosaccharide groups and face the cell exterior.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ voltage-gated calcium channel complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ voltage gated calcium channel complex
+ voltage-sensitive calcium channel complex
+ A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may pass in response to changes in membrane potential.
+ voltage-dependent calcium channel complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinic acetylcholine-gated receptor-channel complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that acts as an acetylcholine receptor, and forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass in response to ligand binding. The complex is a homo- or heteropentamer of subunits that are members of a neurotransmitter receptor superfamily.
+ nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-2 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-2 receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that binds interleukin-2; comprises alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-3 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-3 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5.
+ cellular_component
+ IL-3 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-5 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-5 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3.
+ IL-5 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-6 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A hexameric protein complex consisting of two molecules each of interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain, and gp-130.
+ IL-6 receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-9 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-9 receptor complex
+ A protein complex that binds interleukin-9; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-9 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for several other interleukins.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-13 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that binds interleukin-13; consists of two chains, interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain and interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain.
+ IL-13 receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A disulfide-bonded, heterotetrameric receptor complex. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular, while each beta chain has one transmembrane domain. The ligand binds to the alpha subunit extracellular domain and the kinase is associated with the beta subunit intracellular domain.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oncostatin-M receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A heterodimeric receptor for the cytokine oncostatin-M (OSM). In humans the receptor complex is made up of the gene products gp130 and OSMR-beta.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caveola
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
+ caveolar membrane
+ Wikipedia:Caveolae
+ caveolae
+ GO:0016599
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microvillus
+
+ Note that this term refers to a projection from a single cell, and should not be confused with 'microvillus' as used to refer to a multicellular structure such as that found in the placenta.
+ Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Microvillus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brush border
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ Dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of epithelial cells in tissues such as the intestine, kidney, and choroid plexus; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell.
+ Wikipedia:Brush_border
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane lipid bilayer
+
+ The phospholipid membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment, excluding integral and associated proteins.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coated pit
+
+ cellular_component
+ An invagination of the cell membrane of many eukaryotic cells, concerned in receptor-mediated selective transport of many proteins and other macromolecules across the cell membrane. During endocytosis it is converted into a coated vesicle. The coat is of clathrin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell junction
+
+ A cell junction that forms a connection between two cells; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.
+ intercellular junction
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adherens junction
+
+ cellular_component
+ A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell adherens junction
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An adherens junction which connects two cells to each other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spot adherens junction
+
+ dense plaque
+ punctum adherens
+ A small junction assembled during the cellularization stage of insect embyrogenesis; spot adherens junctions later fuse to form the zonula adherens.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zonula adherens
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesion belt
+ belt desmosome
+ A cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells.
+ intermediate junction
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fascia adherens
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell-cell junction that contains the transmembrane protein N-cadherin, which interacts with identical molecules from neighboring cells to form a tight mechanical intercellular link; forms a large portion of the intercalated disc, the structure at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes.
+ Wikipedia:Fascia_adherens
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nephrocyte junction
+
+ cellular_component
+ A tissue-specific adherens junction found in kidney cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septate junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell-cell junction that forms a continuous band around each cell in an epithelium; within the septate junction the membranes of adjacent cells maintain a constant distance of approximately 15 nm; found in invertebrates.
+ cellular_component
+ septate desmosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pleated septate junction
+
+ pleated desmosome
+ A septate junction in which regular arrays of electron-dense septae span the intermembrane space.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth septate junction
+
+ cellular_component
+ A septate junction that lacks the regular arrays of electron-dense septae found in pleated septate junctions.
+ zonula continua
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gap junction
+
+ cellular_component
+ macula communicans
+ communicating junction
+ Wikipedia:Gap_junction
+ zonula communicans
+ A cell-cell junction that is composed of an array of small channels that permit small molecules to pass from one cell to another. At gap junctions, the membranes of two adjacent cells are separated by a uniform narrow gap of about 2-4 nm that is spanned by channel-forming proteins called connexins, which form hexagonal tubes called connexons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ connexon complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ An assembly of six molecules of connexin, made in the Golgi apparatus and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, where docking of two connexons on apposed plasma membranes across the extracellular space forms a gap junction.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tight junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zonula occludens
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Tight_junction
+ An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-substrate adherens junction
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ hemi-adherens junction
+ An adherens junction which connects a cell to the extracellular matrix.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ focal adhesion
+
+ hemi-adherens junction
+ focal contact
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0008357
+ Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
+ Wikipedia:Focal_adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ connecting hemi-adherens junction
+
+ cellular_component
+ A cell-substrate adherens junction, also known as a hemiadherens junction (HAJ) that forms one of a pair of junctions in opposing cells that are separated by only 30-40nm, with a thin line of extracellular electron-dense material in between; found where muscles attach to epidermal cells directly (in insects).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle tendon junction
+
+ cellular_component
+ A cell-substrate junction found at the terminal anchorage site of skeletal muscle cells to tendons.
+ myotendinous junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apical hemi-adherens junction
+
+ apical cell-substrate adherens junction
+ cellular_component
+ apical dense plaque
+ A cell-substrate adherens junction found in the apical region of a cell, such as those found in cuticle-secreting epithelia, which connect the apical membrane to the cuticle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cilium
+
+ A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
+ goslim_generic
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Cilium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axoneme
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Axoneme
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nexin complex
+
+
+ A protein complex found in the axoneme of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. It forms interconnections between the microtubule outer doublets that surround the inner central pair of microtubules.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule basal body
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum that is similar in structure to a centriole. The basal body serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protuberance from a cell of an organism that reproduces by budding, which will grow larger and become a separate daughter cell after nuclear division, cytokinesis, and cell wall formation (when appropriate). The daughter cell may completely separate from the mother cell, or the mother and daughter cells may remain associated.
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_candida
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud tip
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The end of a cellular bud distal to the site of attachment to the mother cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud neck
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating projection
+
+ conjugation tube
+ goslim_pir
+ The projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.
+ cellular_component
+ shmoo
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cortex
+
+ The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
+ cell periphery
+ peripheral cytoplasm
+ goslim_candida
+ Wikipedia:Cell_cortex
+ goslim_yeast
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin ring
+
+
+
+ GO:0030481
+ Wikipedia:Septin_ring
+ A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament-forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. This type of septin structure is observed at the bud neck of budding fungal cells, at the site of cell division in animal cells, at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection, and also within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form.
+ septin ring (sensu Fungi)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ PI3-kinase p85-subunit alpha- PI3-kinase p110 complex
+ PIK3C3-PIK3R4 complex
+ PIK3CA-PIK3R1 complex
+ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex
+ PI3K complex
+ 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex
+ A complex containing a heterodimer of a catalytic subunit and a regulatory (adaptor) subunit of any phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, class IA complex
+
+ phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex, class IA
+ class IA PI3K complex
+ 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IA complex
+ GO:0035030
+ A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit of 110-120 kDa and an associated SH2 domain-containing regulatory subunit that is a member of a family of related proteins often called p85 proteins. Class I PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol [PI], phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], and are divided into subclasses A and B according to the type of adaptor subunit with which they associate. Through the interaction with the SH2-containing adaptor subunits, Class IA PI3K catalytic subunits are linked to tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, class IB complex
+
+ GO:0035031
+ class IB PI3K complex
+ phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex, class IB
+ A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity; comprises a catalytic Class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit of 110-120 kDa and an associated regulatory subunit that is larger than, and unrelated to, the p85 proteins present in class IA complexes. Class I PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol [PI], phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and are divided into subclasses A and B according to the type of adaptor subunit with which they associate. Class IB PI3Ks are stimulated by G-proteins and do not interact with the SH2-domain containing adaptors that bind to Class IA PI3Ks.
+ 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IB complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 6-phosphofructokinase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that possesses 6-phosphofructokinase activity; homodimeric, homooctameric, and allosteric homotetrameric forms are known.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase complex (UDP-forming)
+
+
+ trehalose-6-phosphate synthase complex
+ trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/phosphatase
+ A protein complex that possesses alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) and trehalose-phosphatase activities, and thus catalyzes two reactions in trehalose biosynthesis. In the complex identified in Saccharomyces, Tps1p has alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity, Tps2p has trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase activity; Tps3p is a regulatory subunit, and an additional subunit, Tsl1p, may be present.
+ See also the molecular function term 'alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity ; GO:0003825'.
+ cellular_component
+ UDP-glucose-glucosephosphate glucosyltransferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
+ Mitochondrial complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
+ alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetolactate synthase complex
+
+
+ acetohydroxyacid synthase complex
+ A dimeric (a large and a small chain) or tetrameric (two large and two small chains) enzyme complex. Catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from pyruvate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ See also the molecular function term 'acetolactate synthase activity ; GO:0003984'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anthranilate synthase complex
+
+
+ A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two components I and two components II. Catalyzes the formation of anthranilate, pyruvate and L-glutamate from chorismate and L-glutamine.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbamoyl-phosphate synthase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate; comprises a small subunit that binds and cleaves glutamine, and a large subunit that accepts the ammonia moiety cleaved from glutamine, binds all of the remaining substrates and effectors, and carries out all of the other catalytic events.
+ carbamoyl phosphate synthase complex
+ cellular_component
+ Note that in higher eukaryotes, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase is usually a single polypeptide, not a complex, and should therefore not be annotated to this component term.
+ carbamoyl-phosphate synthase arginine-specific complex
+ arginine-specific carbamoyl phosphate synthetase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex
+
+
+ PKA
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase complex
+ adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-dependent protein kinase complex
+ 3',5'-cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex
+ An enzyme complex, composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits, that catalyzes protein phosphorylation. Inactive forms of the enzyme have two regulatory chains and two catalytic chains; activation by cAMP produces two active catalytic monomers and a regulatory dimer.
+ 3',5' cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CAAX-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric enzyme, composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. Participates in the post-translational C-terminal modification of several small GTPases, allowing their targeting to the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase complex
+ An enzyme complex which in eukaryotes is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The different isoforms assemble into homo- or heteromultimeric holoenzymes composed of 8 to 12 subunits. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins to O-phosphoproteins.
+ CAMK2
+ CaMKII
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcineurin complex
+
+
+ calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex
+ protein phosphatase type 2B complex
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric calcium ion and calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits; the regulatory subunit is very similar in sequence to calmodulin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein kinase CK2 complex
+
+
+ Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
+ cellular_component
+ casein kinase II complex
+ A protein complex that possesses protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and is found in nearly every subcellular compartment. Protein kinase CK2 complexes are usually tetramers of two alpha and two beta subunits, and can phosphorylate many protein substrates in addition to casein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA-dependent protein kinase-DNA ligase 4 complex
+
+
+ A large protein complex which is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku, the nuclear phosphoprotein XRCC4 or a homolog thereof, and DNA ligase IV.
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0005959
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine cleavage complex
+
+
+ glycine dehydrogenase complex (decarboxylating)
+ glycine synthase complex
+ glycine cleavage system
+ goslim_pir
+ GO:0005961
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0070015
+ glycine decarboxylase complex
+ glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) complex
+ A protein complex that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine. In E. coli, it has four components: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), lipoyl-GcvH-protein and aminomethyltransferase, also known as L, P, H, and T.
+ Wikipedia:Glycine_decarboxylase_complex
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)
+
+
+ Mitochondrial complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
+ cellular_component
+ isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+) (sensu Eukaryota)
+ Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function of this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity ; GO:0004449'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex
+
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of serine- or threonine-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes that have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphorylase kinase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b to form phosphorylase a.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein farnesyltransferase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that possesses protein farnesyltransferase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase complex
+
+
+ photoreceptor cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase complex
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the hydrolysis of bonds in a cyclic nucleotide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The functions of this complex are represented by the molecular function terms 'pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) activity ; GO:0004739', 'dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0004742', and 'dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
+ cellular_component
+ pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (lipoamide) (sensu Eukaryota)
+ Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA in eukaryotes; includes subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Usually contains more subunits than its bacterial counterpart; for example, one known complex contains 30 E1 dimers, 60 E2 monomers, and 6 E3 dimers as well as a few copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rab-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex
+
+
+ RAB-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex
+ cellular_component
+ GGTase-II complex
+ RabGGTase complex
+ Rab geranylgeranyltransferase complex
+ A heterodimeric enzyme complex, which in mammals is composed of an alpha and a beta subunit, and which associates with an accessory protein Rep (Rab escort protein). Catalyzes of the transfer of a geranyl-geranyl moiety from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to a Rab protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serine-pyruvate aminotransferase complex
+
+
+ serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 1 complex
+ GO:0005970
+ cellular_component
+ serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 2B complex
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of hydroxypyruvate and alanine from serine and pyruvate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex composed of 2-4 or more subunits, which usually contains nonheme iron and requires ATP for catalysis. Catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate and thioredoxin disulfide from ribonucleoside diphosphate and thioredoxin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbohydrate metabolic process
+
+ Reactome:282867
+ goslim_yeast
+ Reactome:286632
+ goslim_plant
+ Reactome:262468
+ Reactome:289858
+ goslim_candida
+ Reactome:274144
+ Reactome:249798
+ Reactome:71387
+ Reactome:292414
+ Reactome:221727
+ Reactome:280617
+ Reactome:230309
+ goslim_generic
+ Reactome:291760
+ Reactome:211962
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
+ Reactome:238347
+ Reactome:252538
+ Wikipedia:Carbohydrate_metabolism
+ Reactome:265303
+ carbohydrate metabolism
+ Reactome:290396
+ goslim_pir
+ Reactome:244905
+ Reactome:255716
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:259109
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pombe
+ Reactome:293735
+ Reactome:268427
+ Reactome:288323
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polysaccharide metabolic process
+
+
+ glycan metabolism
+ goslim_pir
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, a polymer of more than 20 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages.
+ glycan metabolic process
+ polysaccharide metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycogen metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages.
+ glycogen metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycogen biosynthetic process
+
+
+ Reactome:282857
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:268440
+ Reactome:259121
+ Reactome:255728
+ glycogen formation
+ Reactome:252551
+ Reactome:274153
+ glycogen anabolism
+ Reactome:291768
+ Reactome:265310
+ glycogen synthesis
+ Reactome:244923
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
+ Reactome:286645
+ Reactome:280626
+ glycogen biosynthesis
+ Reactome:293744
+ Reactome:211986
+ Reactome:292418
+ Reactome:70302
+ Reactome:262479
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:238368
+ Reactome:230331
+ MetaCyc:GLYCOGENSYNTH-PWY
+ Reactome:249811
+ Reactome:221750
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glycogen formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of glycogen anabolism
+ regulation of glycogen biosynthesis
+ regulation of glycogen synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycogen catabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:291720
+ Reactome:286554
+ Reactome:268352
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:262390
+ Reactome:274062
+ Reactome:249694
+ Reactome:265227
+ Reactome:230179
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:GLYCOCAT-PWY
+ glycogen breakdown
+ Reactome:255629
+ glycogen degradation
+ Reactome:238214
+ Reactome:259022
+ Reactome:282814
+ Reactome:244793
+ glycogen catabolism
+ Reactome:221578
+ Reactome:252467
+ Reactome:292384
+ Reactome:70221
+ Reactome:293699
+ Reactome:211812
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
+ Reactome:280537
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glycogen catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of glycogen breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of glycogen catabolism
+ regulation of glycogen degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ starch metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants. It is a glucan consisting of two components, amylose and amylopectin, which are both glucose homopolymers. Starch is synthesized as a temporary storage form of carbon and can be catabolized to produce sucrose.
+ starch metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ starch catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-842
+ gosubset_prok
+ starch catabolism
+ starch breakdown
+ starch degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disaccharide metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ disaccharide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any disaccharide, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sucrose metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
+ sucrose metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sucrose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ sucrose biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
+ MetaCyc:SUCSYN-PWY
+ sucrose formation
+ sucrose anabolism
+ sucrose synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sucrose catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
+ sucrose catabolism
+ sucrose degradation
+ biological_process
+ sucrose breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactose metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ lactose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lactose formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ lactose biosynthesis
+ lactose synthesis
+ lactose anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactose catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lactose breakdown
+ lactose degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ lactose catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, the disaccharide galactopyranosyl-glucose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trehalose metabolic process
+
+ trehalose metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
+ gosubset_prok
+ mykose metabolism
+ mycose metabolic process
+ mycose metabolism
+ biological_process
+ mykose metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trehalose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:TRESYN-PWY
+ trehalose biosynthesis
+ trehalose formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-881
+ mycose biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
+ trehalose anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ trehalose synthesis
+ mykose biosynthetic process
+ mycose biosynthetic process
+ MetaCyc:TREHALOSESYN-PWY
+ mykose biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trehalose catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:TREDEGLOW-PWY
+ trehalose catabolism
+ trehalose breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ mycose catabolism
+ mycose catabolic process
+ mykose catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trehalose, a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
+ mykose catabolism
+ trehalose degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melibiose metabolic process
+
+ melibiose metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melibiose catabolic process
+
+
+ melibiose catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
+ melibiose breakdown
+ melibiose degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monosaccharide metabolic process
+
+
+ monosaccharide metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates. They are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylulose metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ xylulose metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylulose catabolic process
+
+
+ xylulose degradation
+ xylulose breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.
+ biological_process
+ xylulose catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:XYLCAT-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylulose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ Reactome:286521
+ Reactome:288260
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylulose, the ketopentose threo-2-pentulose.
+ Reactome:282796
+ Reactome:163754
+ xylulose biosynthesis
+ Reactome:293688
+ Reactome:290353
+ xylulose formation
+ Reactome:262354
+ Reactome:291710
+ Reactome:289804
+ Reactome:252438
+ Reactome:268323
+ xylulose synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:238159
+ Reactome:274022
+ Reactome:292377
+ Reactome:221513
+ Reactome:230133
+ Reactome:265202
+ Reactome:280500
+ Reactome:255604
+ xylulose anabolism
+ Reactome:244748
+ Reactome:249655
+ Reactome:258984
+ Reactome:211746
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructose metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.
+ Wikipedia:Fructose
+ fructose metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructose catabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:70350
+ Reactome:244706
+ fructose degradation
+ Reactome:221448
+ fructose catabolism
+ Reactome:238100
+ Reactome:258954
+ Reactome:211677
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.
+ fructose breakdown
+ Reactome:280473
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ fructose 6-phosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 6-phosphate, also known as F6P. The D-enantiomer is an important intermediate in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fructose metabolism.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase.
+ fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fucose metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ fucose metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fucose, or 6-deoxygalactose, which has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-fucose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ L-fucose anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose).
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-fucose formation
+ L-fucose synthesis
+ L-fucose biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose metabolic process
+
+ Reactome:230348
+ Reactome:259132
+ Reactome:290410
+ Reactome:244941
+ Reactome:268449
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:70326
+ glucose metabolism
+ Reactome:293750
+ Reactome:292428
+ Reactome:262489
+ Reactome:252560
+ biological_process
+ cellular glucose metabolic process
+ Reactome:291774
+ Reactome:221769
+ Reactome:288373
+ Reactome:274168
+ Reactome:265318
+ Reactome:249822
+ Reactome:282865
+ Reactome:212005
+ Reactome:286658
+ Reactome:280641
+ Reactome:255738
+ Reactome:289878
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
+ Reactome:238386
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose catabolic process
+
+
+ glucose breakdown
+ biological_process
+ glucose degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucose catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose 1-phosphate utilization
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose 1-phosphate phosphorylation
+
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into glucose 1-phosphate to produce glucose bisphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose 6-phosphate utilization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-glucose metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-glucose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactose metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.
+ Wikipedia:Galactose
+ biological_process
+ galactose metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:GALACTMETAB-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannose metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ mannose metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-ribose metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-ribose metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ribose (ribo-pentose). As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose moiety of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-661
+ 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
+ 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate formation
+ 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate anabolism
+ 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.
+ PRPP biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate formation
+ 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
+ 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate synthesis
+ 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.
+ deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate synthesis
+ deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate biosynthesis
+ deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribose 1-phosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribose 1-phosphate degradation
+ deoxyribose 1-phosphate breakdown
+ deoxyribose 1-phosphate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribose 5-phosphate phosphorylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into deoxyribose 5-phosphate to produce deoxyribose bisphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ vitamin Bh metabolism
+ Wikipedia:Inositol
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
+ inositol metabolism
+ vitamin Bh metabolic process
+ myo-inositol metabolic process
+ myo-inositol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ myo-inositol biosynthesis
+ inositol biosynthesis
+ vitamin Bh biosynthetic process
+ inositol formation
+ inositol anabolism
+ vitamin Bh biosynthesis
+ inositol synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
+ biological_process
+ myo-inositol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aminoglycan metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
+ aminoglycan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aminoglycan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ aminoglycan anabolism
+ aminoglycan formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
+ aminoglycan synthesis
+ aminoglycan biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ glycosaminoglycan synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycosaminoglycan formation
+ glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.
+ glycosaminoglycan anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactosaminoglycan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ galactosaminoglycan formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ galactosaminoglycan anabolism
+ galactosaminoglycan biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.
+ biological_process
+ galactosaminoglycan synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aminoglycan catabolic process
+
+
+ aminoglycan catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ aminoglycan degradation
+ aminoglycan breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aminoglycans, any polymer containing amino groups that consists of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined to each other by glycosidic linkages.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosaminoglycan catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycosaminoglycan catabolism
+ glycosaminoglycan breakdown
+ glycosaminoglycan degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactosaminoglycan catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ galactosaminoglycan breakdown
+ galactosaminoglycan degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosaminoglycans, any of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.
+ galactosaminoglycan catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteoglycan metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ proteoglycan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
+ gosubset_prok
+ proteoglycan sulfate transfer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitin metabolic process
+
+
+ chitin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
+ beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process
+ chitin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis
+ chitin anabolism
+ chitin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
+ chitin synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitin catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine catabolic process
+ chitin breakdown
+ chitin catabolism
+ chitin degradation
+ beta-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitin localization
+
+ A process by which chitin is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of chitin localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle chitin metabolic process
+
+ cuticle chitin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle chitin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.
+ cuticle chitin anabolism
+ cuticle chitin biosynthesis
+ cuticle chitin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ cuticle chitin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle chitin catabolic process
+
+
+ cuticle chitin degradation
+ biological_process
+ cuticle chitin breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cuticle chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in cuticles.
+ cuticle chitin catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall chitin metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.
+ cell wall chitin metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall chitin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.
+ cell wall chitin anabolism
+ cell wall chitin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ cell wall chitin synthesis
+ cell wall chitin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall chitin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ cell wall chitin degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall chitin catabolism
+ cell wall chitin breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino sugar metabolic process
+
+ aminosaccharide metabolic process
+ amino sugar metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ aminosaccharide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosamine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.
+ gosubset_prok
+ chitosamine metabolism
+ chitosamine metabolic process
+ glucosamine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucosamine formation
+ glucosamine anabolism
+ chitosamine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ glucosamine synthesis
+ glucosamine biosynthesis
+ chitosamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosamine catabolic process
+
+
+ chitosamine catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyglucopyranose), an aminodeoxysugar that occurs in combined form in chitin.
+ glucosamine degradation
+ glucosamine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucosamine catabolism
+ MetaCyc:GLUAMCAT-PWY
+ chitosamine catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process
+
+ N-acetylglucosamine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide moiety of a glycoprotein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ N-acetylglucosamine anabolism
+ N-acetylglucosamine formation
+ N-acetylglucosamine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide moiety of a glycoprotein.
+ N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acetylglucosamine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylglucosamine. The D isomer is a common structural unit of glycoproteins in plants, bacteria and animals; it is often the terminal sugar of an oligosaccharide moiety of a glycoprotein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ N-acetylglucosamine degradation
+ N-acetylglucosamine breakdown
+ N-acetylglucosamine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:UDPNAGSYN-PWY
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine formation
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine synthesis
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-GlcNAc biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine catabolic process
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannosamine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.
+ mannosamine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acetylmannosamine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.
+ N-acetylmannosamine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acetylmannosamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ N-acetylmannosamine anabolism
+ N-acetylmannosamine biosynthesis
+ N-acetylmannosamine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.
+ N-acetylmannosamine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acetylmannosamine catabolic process
+
+
+ N-acetylmannosamine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylmannosamine, the acetylated derivative of mannosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ N-acetylmannosamine degradation
+ biological_process
+ N-acetylmannosamine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ sialic acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ N-acetylneuraminate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.
+ sialic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ CMP-N-acetylneuraminate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
+ CMP-N-acetylneuraminate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ CMP-N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis
+ CMP-N-acetylneuraminate anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannoprotein metabolic process
+
+ mannoprotein metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannoprotein biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ mannoprotein formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid.
+ mannoprotein biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ mannoprotein synthesis
+ mannoprotein anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannoprotein catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ mannoprotein degradation
+ mannoprotein breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound mannose residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid.
+ mannoprotein catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexitol metabolic process
+
+ sugar alcohol (hexitol) metabolic process
+ sugar alcohol (hexitol) metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ hexitol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorbitol metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ sorbitol metabolism
+ MetaCyc:P461-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorbitol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ sorbitol synthesis
+ sorbitol biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ sorbitol anabolism
+ biological_process
+ sorbitol formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorbitol catabolic process
+
+
+ sorbitol breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ sorbitol degradation
+ sorbitol catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbitol (D-glucitol), one of the ten stereoisomeric hexitols. It can be derived from glucose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
+ MetaCyc:SORBDEG-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uronic acid metabolic process
+
+ uronic acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving uronic acid, any monocarboxylic acid formally derived by oxidizing to a carboxyl group the terminal hydroxymethylene group of either an aldose with four or more carbon atoms in the molecule, or of any glycoside derived from such an aldose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronate catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glucuronate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid.
+ glucuronate breakdown
+ glucuronate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-glucuronate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ Reactome:265286
+ Reactome:274124
+ UDP-glucuronate formation
+ Reactome:291746
+ Reactome:173599
+ Reactome:286615
+ Reactome:221702
+ Reactome:255699
+ Reactome:211938
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:252521
+ UDP-glucuronate anabolism
+ Reactome:280597
+ Reactome:289832
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:293722
+ Reactome:230286
+ Reactome:290376
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ Reactome:262452
+ UDP-glucuronate synthesis
+ Reactome:244885
+ Reactome:249777
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4841
+ UDP-glucuronate biosynthesis
+ Reactome:259090
+ Reactome:268407
+ Reactome:292404
+ Reactome:282845
+ Reactome:238324
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular alcohol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom, as carried out by individual cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ alcohol metabolism
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanol metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ethanol metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanol catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.
+ Reactome:244906
+ ethanol catabolism
+ Reactome:268428
+ Reactome:259110
+ Reactome:230310
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:252539
+ Reactome:274145
+ Reactome:280618
+ Reactome:221728
+ ethanol breakdown
+ Reactome:282875
+ Reactome:291761
+ Reactome:211963
+ Reactome:265316
+ Reactome:238348
+ Reactome:288339
+ Reactome:262469
+ Reactome:286633
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:71384
+ Reactome:293736
+ Reactome:255717
+ Reactome:249799
+ ethanol degradation
+ Reactome:292422
+ Reactome:289840
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanol oxidation
+
+ An ethanol metabolic process by which ethanol is converted to acetyl-CoA via acetaldehyde and acetate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octanol metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ octanol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol metabolic process
+
+ MetaCyc:GLYCEROLMETAB-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glycerol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycerol-3-phosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular glucan metabolic process
+
+
+ cellular glucan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,3-beta-glucan metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ beta-1,3 glucan metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
+ beta-1,3 glucan metabolic process
+ 1,3-beta-glucan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ beta-1,3 glucan biosynthesis
+ beta-1,3 glucan synthesis
+ biological_process
+ beta-1,3 glucan anabolism
+ beta-1,3 glucan formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
+ 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis
+ beta-1,3 glucan biosynthetic process
+ 1,3-beta-glucan anabolism
+ 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthesis
+ 1,3-beta-glucan formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,3-beta-glucan catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ 1,3-beta-glucan degradation
+ 1,3-beta-glucan breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-1,3 glucans.
+ 1,3-beta-glucan catabolism
+ biological_process
+ beta-1,3 glucan degradation
+ beta-1,3 glucan catabolism
+ beta-1,3 glucan breakdown
+ beta-1,3 glucan catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,6-beta-glucan metabolic process
+
+ 1,6-beta-glucan metabolism
+ beta-1,6 glucan metabolic process
+ beta-1,6 glucan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,6 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,6-beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,6-beta-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ beta-1,6 glucan biosynthetic process
+ beta-1,6 glucan anabolism
+ 1,6-beta-glucan biosynthesis
+ beta-1,6 glucan synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-1,6 glucans.
+ 1,6-beta-glucan synthesis
+ beta-1,6 glucan formation
+ beta-1,6 glucan biosynthesis
+ 1,6-beta-glucan anabolism
+ 1,6-beta-glucan formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,6-beta-glucan catabolic process
+
+
+ 1,6-beta-glucan breakdown
+ beta-1,6 glucan breakdown
+ 1,6-beta-glucan catabolism
+ 1,6-beta-glucan degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-1,6 glucans.
+ biological_process
+ beta-1,6 glucan degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ beta-1,6 glucan catabolism
+ beta-1,6 glucan catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substituted mannan metabolic process
+
+ substituted mannan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mannan backbone composed of D-mannose unites, substituted with D-glucose and/or D-galactose units.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular aldehyde metabolic process
+
+ aldehyde metabolism
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ alkanal metabolism
+ alkanal metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O, as carried out by individual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organic acid metabolic process
+
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
+ organic acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ acetate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetyl-CoA metabolic process
+
+ acetyl coenzyme A metabolic process
+ acetyl-CoA metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
+ acetyl coenzyme A metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ acetyl-CoA biosynthesis
+ acetyl-CoA formation
+ acetyl-CoA anabolism
+ biological_process
+ acetyl-CoA synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5173
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate
+
+
+ Reactome:262277
+ Reactome:286432
+ acetyl-CoA anabolism from pyruvate
+ Reactome:211577
+ Reactome:255528
+ Reactome:229992
+ Reactome:268253
+ biological_process
+ acetyl-CoA formation from pyruvate
+ Reactome:221353
+ Reactome:273936
+ Reactome:238011
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.
+ Reactome:258900
+ Reactome:249565
+ Reactome:265130
+ Reactome:71397
+ MetaCyc:PYRUVDEHYD-PWY
+ acetyl-CoA synthesis from pyruvate
+ Reactome:244626
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:280415
+ pyruvate dehydrogenase pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactate metabolic process
+
+ 2-hydroxypropanoate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ alpha-hydroxypropionate metabolism
+ alpha-hydroxypropionate metabolic process
+ 2-hydroxypropanoate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactate, the anion of lactic acid.
+ lactate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Pyruvic_acid
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
+ pyruvate metabolism
+ MetaCyc:P41-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generation of precursor metabolites and energy
+
+ goslim_pombe
+ biological_process
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_plant
+ gosubset_prok
+ energy pathways
+ intermediary metabolism
+ goslim_generic
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and any process involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
+ metabolic energy generation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gluconeogenesis
+
+
+
+ Reactome:274143
+ Reactome:265302
+ Reactome:70263
+ Reactome:288321
+ Reactome:268426
+ Reactome:262467
+ glucose biosynthetic process
+ Reactome:280616
+ Wikipedia:Gluconeogenesis
+ Reactome:259108
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:255715
+ Reactome:249797
+ MetaCyc:GLUCONEO-PWY
+ Reactome:244904
+ Reactome:293734
+ Reactome:252537
+ glucose biosynthesis
+ Reactome:289853
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:238346
+ Reactome:221724
+ Reactome:211959
+ Reactome:292413
+ Reactome:286631
+ Reactome:282853
+ Reactome:291759
+ The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
+ Reactome:290391
+ Reactome:230306
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycolysis
+
+
+ Reactome:291697
+ Reactome:266579
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:292416
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1042
+ Reactome:253953
+ Reactome:288329
+ Reactome:273994
+ Reactome:260605
+ Reactome:232889
+ Reactome:284467
+ Reactome:249623
+ Reactome:268303
+ Reactome:211678
+ Reactome:205678
+ Reactome:286492
+ Reactome:277357
+ Reactome:238101
+ Reactome:258955
+ Reactome:262328
+ Reactome:282785
+ Reactome:70467
+ Reactome:246626
+ Reactome:290856
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. Pyruvate may be converted to ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules, or fed into the TCA cycle.
+ Reactome:252418
+ Reactome:250880
+ Reactome:256993
+ Reactome:271266
+ Reactome:289846
+ Reactome:281774
+ Reactome:290386
+ Reactome:70171
+ Reactome:221449
+ Reactome:224309
+ Reactome:244707
+ Reactome:280474
+ Reactome:263636
+ Reactome:292897
+ Reactome:255579
+ Reactome:265175
+ Reactome:230078
+ Wikipedia:Glycolysis
+ Reactome:293675
+ Reactome:215022
+ Reactome:241068
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyoxylate cycle
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:GLYOXYLATE-BYPASS
+ Wikipedia:Glyoxylate_cycle
+ glyoxylate bypass
+ A modification of the TCA cycle occurring in some plants and microorganisms, in which isocitrate is cleaved to glyoxylate and succinate. Glyoxylate can then react with acetyl-CoA to form malate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentose-phosphate shunt
+
+
+ hexose monophosphate pathway
+ pentose-phosphate pathway
+ Reactome:230009
+ pentose phosphate shunt
+ Reactome:255538
+ Reactome:293650
+ MetaCyc:PENTOSE-P-PWY
+ The process by which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis. Glucose 6-P is oxidized with the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2), ribulose 5-phosphate and reduced NADP; ribulose 5-P then enters a series of reactions interconverting sugar phosphates. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major source of reducing equivalents for biosynthesis reactions and is also important for the conversion of hexoses to pentoses.
+ Reactome:291674
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:286444
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:265141
+ Reactome:258912
+ Reactome:288225
+ Reactome:244643
+ Reactome:252383
+ Reactome:268265
+ Reactome:280429
+ Reactome:290356
+ Wikipedia:Pentose_phosphate_pathway
+ Reactome:238027
+ Reactome:249579
+ Reactome:71336
+ pentose phosphate pathway
+ Reactome:282800
+ Reactome:289807
+ Reactome:221371
+ Reactome:292354
+ Reactome:211595
+ Reactome:262287
+ Reactome:273950
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tricarboxylic acid cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:262256
+ Reactome:286448
+ Reactome:280391
+ Reactome:252352
+ Reactome:71403
+ Reactome:290340
+ Reactome:293654
+ Reactome:221322
+ Wikipedia:Tricarboxylic_acid_cycle
+ Reactome:289779
+ Reactome:291646
+ Reactome:229962
+ Reactome:255507
+ Reactome:211545
+ Reactome:292355
+ MetaCyc:TCA
+ gosubset_prok
+ TCA cycle
+ Reactome:268230
+ A nearly universal metabolic pathway in which the acetyl group of acetyl coenzyme A is effectively oxidized to two CO2 and four pairs of electrons are transferred to coenzymes. The acetyl group combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes successive transformations to isocitrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate again, thus completing the cycle. In eukaryotes the tricarboxylic acid is confined to the mitochondria. See also glyoxylate cycle.
+ Reactome:237979
+ Reactome:282813
+ MetaCyc:P42-PWY
+ Reactome:265143
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:249541
+ MetaCyc:P105-PWY
+ Krebs cycle
+ Reactome:244598
+ citric acid cycle
+ Reactome:288227
+ Reactome:258879
+ Reactome:273912
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ citrate metabolic process
+
+ citrate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate. Citrate is widely distributed in nature and is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isocitrate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ isocitrate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving isocitrate, the anion of isocitric acid, 1-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Isocitrate is an important intermediate in the TCA cycle and the glycoxylate cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ 2-oxoglutarate metabolism
+ alpha-ketoglutarate metabolism
+ alpha-oxoglutarate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxoglutarate, the dianion of 2-oxoglutaric acid. It is a key constituent of the TCA cycle and a key intermediate in amino-acid metabolism.
+ 2-ketoglutarate metabolism
+ alpha-ketoglutarate metabolic process
+ alpha-oxoglutarate metabolic process
+ 2-ketoglutarate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ succinyl-CoA metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinyl-CoA, a compound composed of the univalent acyl group 3-carboxypropanoyl, derived from succinic acid by loss of one OH group, linked to coenzyme A.
+ gosubset_prok
+ succinyl-CoA metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ succinate metabolic process
+
+ succinate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving succinate, also known as butanedioate or ethane dicarboxylate, the dianion of succinic acid. Succinate is an important intermediate in metabolism and a component of the TCA cycle.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fumarate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fumarate, the anion of trans-1,2-ethenedicarboxylic acid, the diastereoisomer of maleate. It is a key intermediate in metabolism and is formed in the TCA cycle from succinate and converted into malate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ fumarate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxaloacetate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, an important intermediate in metabolism, especially as a component of the TCA cycle.
+ biological_process
+ oxaloacetate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ malate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving malate, the anion of hydroxybutanedioic acid, a chiral hydroxydicarboxylic acid. The (+) enantiomer is an important intermediate in metabolism as a component of both the TCA cycle and the glyoxylate cycle.
+ malate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glycolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gluconeogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucose biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, such as pyruvate, amino acids and glycerol.
+ regulation of glucose biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy reserve metabolic process
+
+ Reactome:238041
+ Reactome:289856
+ Reactome:252553
+ goslim_pir
+ energy reserve metabolism
+ Reactome:262294
+ Reactome:258920
+ The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from stored compounds such as fats or glycogen.
+ Reactome:273956
+ Reactome:290394
+ Reactome:293756
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:255545
+ Reactome:230333
+ Reactome:265146
+ Reactome:292426
+ Reactome:288345
+ Reactome:268270
+ Reactome:211615
+ Reactome:249589
+ Reactome:286452
+ Reactome:291775
+ Reactome:221389
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:244657
+ Reactome:282866
+ Reactome:280435
+ Reactome:163685
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fermentation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to other compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
+ MetaCyc:FERMENTATION-PWY
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Fermentation_(biochemistry)
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol formation
+ glycerol synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycerol anabolism
+ glycerol biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ethanol biosynthesis
+ ethanol anabolism
+ ethanol synthesis
+ ethanol formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, a colorless, water-miscible, flammable liquid produced by alcoholic fermentation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADH oxidation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ NADH dehydrogenation
+ NAD (reduced) dehydrogenation
+ reduced NAD oxidation
+ A metabolic process that results in the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, to the oxidized form, NAD.
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenation
+ biological_process
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation
+ NAD (reduced) oxidation
+ reduced NAD dehydrogenation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetaldehyde metabolic process
+
+ ethanal metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.
+ biological_process
+ ethanal metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ acetaldehyde metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxidative phosphorylation
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Oxidative_phosphorylation
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ respiratory-chain phosphorylation
+ biological_process
+ The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP that accompanies the oxidation of a metabolite through the operation of the respiratory chain. Oxidation of compounds establishes a proton gradient across the membrane, providing the energy for ATP synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:163217
+ Reactome:209721
+ The transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex I.
+ biological_process
+ complex I (NADH to ubiquinone)
+ oxidative phosphorylation, NADH to ubiquinone
+ Reactome:219484
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to ubiquinone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:291579
+ Reactome:273768
+ Reactome:249392
+ Reactome:262169
+ Reactome:237760
+ Reactome:264987
+ Reactome:163213
+ Reactome:221095
+ The transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex II.
+ Reactome:244428
+ Reactome:268119
+ Reactome:255413
+ Reactome:258765
+ Reactome:211276
+ Reactome:252261
+ Reactome:165642
+ Reactome:286293
+ oxidative phosphorylation, succinate to ubiquinone
+ complex II (succinate to ubiquinone)
+ mitochondrial electron transport, succinate to coenzyme Q
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex III.
+ Reactome:234706
+ complex III (ubiquinone to cytochrome c)
+ Reactome:207804
+ Reactome:164651
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:217332
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:163214
+ Reactome:217302
+ Reactome:207777
+ complex IV (reduction of O2)
+ biological_process
+ The transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation, mediated by the multisubunit enzyme known as complex IV.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferredoxin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ ferredoxin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerophosphate shuttle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise glycerol 3-phosphate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) using FAD; DHAP then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+
+
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_goa
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
+ regulation of nucleotide metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of purine base metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving purines.
+ regulation of purine base metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pyrimidine base metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidines.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine base metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ purine base metabolism
+ purine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine base catabolic process
+
+
+ purine base breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine base catabolism
+ purine base degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the 5 main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.
+ adenine breakdown
+ adenine catabolism
+ adenine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanine catabolic process
+
+
+ guanine breakdown
+ guanine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.
+ gosubset_prok
+ guanine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inosine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ inosine catabolism
+ inosine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.
+ inosine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyinosine catabolic process
+
+
+ deoxyinosine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyinosine breakdown
+ deoxyinosine degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoxanthine oxidation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine to xanthine and thence to uric acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthine oxidation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The oxidation of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine nucleoside degradation
+ purine nucleoside catabolism
+ purine nucleoside breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenosine catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.
+ adenosine degradation
+ adenosine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ adenosine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenosine phosphorolysis
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyadenosine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyadenosine degradation
+ deoxyadenosine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
+ biological_process
+ deoxyadenosine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyadenosine phosphorolysis
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanosine phosphorolysis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyguanosine catabolic process
+
+
+ deoxyguanosine catabolism
+ deoxyguanosine degradation
+ deoxyguanosine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleotide metabolic process
+
+ purine nucleotide metabolism
+ biological_process
+ purine metabolism
+ purine metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ purine nucleotide synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:DENOVOPURINE2-PWY
+ purine nucleotide formation
+ biological_process
+ purine nucleotide biosynthesis
+ purine nucleotide anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside diphosphate phosphorylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into a nucleoside diphosphate to produce a nucleoside triphosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside salvage
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process which produces a purine nucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:P121-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ AMP formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ AMP anabolism
+ AMP biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
+ AMP synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenine salvage
+
+
+ adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleoside salvage
+ Any process that generates adenine, 6-aminopurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+ adenine salvage pathway
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenosine salvage
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that generates adenosine, adenine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleoside salvage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dAMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dAMP formation
+ dAMP synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).
+ dAMP biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ dAMP anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cAMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ 3',5'-cAMP biosynthetic process
+ 3',5'-cAMP biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ 3',5' cAMP biosynthesis
+ 3',5' cAMP biosynthetic process
+ cAMP anabolism
+ cAMP biosynthesis
+ adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate biosynthesis
+ cAMP formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ cyclic AMP biosynthesis
+ cyclic AMP biosynthetic process
+ cAMP synthesis
+ adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ADP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ADP biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
+ ADP formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ ADP anabolism
+ ADP synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dADP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dADP anabolism
+ dADP synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).
+ dADP biosynthesis
+ dADP formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dADP phosphorylation
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate, to produce dATP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dATP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ dATP synthesis
+ dATP biosynthesis
+ dATP anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).
+ biological_process
+ dATP formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dATP biosynthetic process from ADP
+
+
+ dATP formation from ADP
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including ADP, adenosine diphosphate.
+ dATP synthesis from ADP
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ dATP anabolism from ADP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
+ GMP formation
+ GMP synthesis
+ biological_process
+ GMP biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ GMP anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanine salvage
+
+
+ Any process that generates guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ guanine, xanthine and their nucleoside salvage
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanosine salvage
+
+
+ biological_process
+ guanine, xanthine and their nucleoside salvage
+ Any process that generates guanosine, guanine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyguanosine salvage
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that generates deoxyguanosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dGMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ dGMP anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ dGMP synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).
+ dGMP formation
+ dGMP biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cGMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ cGMP biosynthesis
+ cGMP synthesis
+ biological_process
+ cGMP anabolism
+ cGMP formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GTP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ GTP formation
+ GTP synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ GTP anabolism
+ biological_process
+ GTP biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GTP catabolic process
+
+
+ GTP breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
+ GTP catabolism
+ GTP hydrolysis
+ biological_process
+ GTP degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dGDP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dGDP biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).
+ dGDP anabolism
+ dGDP synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ dGDP formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dGDP phosphorylation
+
+
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, to produce dGTP.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dGTP biosynthetic process from dGDP
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, deoxyguanosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate) from other compounds, including gGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ dGTP synthesis from dGDP
+ dGTP formation from dGDP
+ dGTP anabolism from dGDP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ IMP biosynthesis
+ IMP synthesis
+ IMP anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate.
+ IMP formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process
+
+ 'de novo' IMP anabolism
+ 'de novo' IMP biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IMP, inosine monophosphate, by the stepwise assembly of a purine ring on ribose 5-phosphate.
+ biological_process
+ 'de novo' IMP synthesis
+ 'de novo' purine biosynthesis
+ 'de novo' purine biosynthetic process
+ 'de novo' IMP formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inosine salvage
+
+
+ guanine, xanthine and their nucleoside salvage
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that generates inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+ adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleoside salvage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyinosine salvage
+
+ Any process that generates deoxyinosine from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IDP phosphorylation
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into IDP, inosine (5'-)diphosphate, to produce ITP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ITP catabolic process
+
+
+ ITP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ITP, inosine (5'-)triphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ ITP hydrolysis
+ gosubset_prok
+ ITP breakdown
+ ITP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dIDP phosphorylation
+
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into dIDP, deoxyinosine diphosphate, to produce dITP.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ purine nucleotide breakdown
+ biological_process
+ purine nucleotide degradation
+ purine nucleotide catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AMP catabolic process
+
+
+ AMP catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
+ AMP degradation
+ AMP breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cAMP catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ 3',5' cAMP catabolism
+ biological_process
+ cyclic AMP catabolic process
+ adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ cAMP catabolism
+ adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate catabolic process
+ 3',5' cAMP catabolic process
+ cAMP degradation
+ cAMP breakdown
+ 3',5'-cAMP catabolic process
+ cyclic AMP catabolism
+ 3',5'-cAMP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ATP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
+ Wikipedia:ATP_hydrolysis
+ gosubset_prok
+ ATP hydrolysis
+ ATP breakdown
+ ATP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GMP catabolic process to IMP
+
+
+ GMP breakdown to IMP
+ biological_process
+ GMP degradation to IMP
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including inosine monophosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GMP catabolic process to guanine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ GMP breakdown to guanine
+ biological_process
+ GMP degradation to guanine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanosine monophosphate into other compounds, including guanine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dGTP catabolic process
+
+
+ dGTP breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ dGTP catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ dGTP degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IMP catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IMP, inosine monophosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ IMP catabolism
+ IMP breakdown
+ biological_process
+ IMP degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine base metabolic process
+
+ pyrimidine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine bases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
+ pyrimidine metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine base metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 'de novo' pyrimidine base biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine bases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases, beginning with the synthesis of a pyrimidine ring from simpler precursors.
+ 'de novo' pyrimidine base synthesis
+ 'de novo' pyrimidine base formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ 'de novo' pyrimidine base biosynthesis
+ 'de novo' pyrimidine base anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine base catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine bases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
+ pyrimidine base catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine base breakdown
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine base degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosine catabolic process
+
+
+ cytosine breakdown
+ cytosine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ cytosine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thymine catabolic process
+
+
+ thymine degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ thymine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.
+ thymine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 5-methylcytosine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ 5-methylcytosine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ 5-methylcytosine catabolism
+ 5-methylcytosine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uracil catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ uracil catabolism
+ uracil breakdown
+ uracil degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside metabolic process
+
+ pyrimidine metabolic process
+ pyrimidine metabolism
+ pyrimidine nucleoside metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thymidine catabolic process
+
+
+ deoxyribosylthymine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ thymidine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ deoxyribosylthymine catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
+ thymidine catabolism
+ thymidine degradation
+ GO:0006215
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytidine catabolic process
+
+
+ cytidine degradation
+ biological_process
+ cytidine breakdown
+ cytidine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxycytidine catabolic process
+
+
+ deoxycytidine degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
+ deoxycytidine catabolism
+ deoxycytidine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uridine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ uridine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.
+ uridine catabolism
+ uridine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyuridine catabolic process
+
+
+ deoxyuridine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyuridine catabolism
+ deoxyuridine degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine metabolism
+ pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine nucleotide formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine nucleotide anabolism
+ pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ UMP biosynthesis
+ UMP formation
+ UMP anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UMP, uridine monophosphate.
+ UMP synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uracil salvage
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that generates uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ UDP anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ UDP synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.
+ UDP formation
+ UDP biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dUMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ dUMP formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUMP, deoxyuridine monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).
+ gosubset_prok
+ dUMP synthesis
+ dUMP anabolism
+ dUMP biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dUDP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dUDP formation
+ dUDP anabolism
+ dUDP biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ dUDP synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUDP, deoxyuridine diphosphate (2'-deoxy-5'-uridylyl phosphate).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UTP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ UTP formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.
+ UTP anabolism
+ UTP biosynthesis
+ UTP synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dUTP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dUTP biosynthesis
+ dUTP synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.
+ dUTP formation
+ dUTP anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ TMP biosynthesis
+ TMP synthesis
+ TMP formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ TMP anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ dTMP synthesis
+ dTMP formation
+ dTMP biosynthesis
+ dTMP anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TDP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ TDP anabolism
+ TDP formation
+ TDP synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ TDP biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTDP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dTDP synthesis
+ biological_process
+ dTDP biosynthesis
+ dTDP anabolism
+ dTDP formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine5'-diphosphate).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TTP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ TTP anabolism
+ biological_process
+ TTP synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ TTP formation
+ TTP biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTTP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dTTP anabolism
+ dTTP synthesis
+ dTTP formation
+ biological_process
+ dTTP biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytidine salvage
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that generates cytidine, cytosine riboside, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxycytidine salvage
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that generates deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CMP salvage
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytidine monophosphate salvage
+ biological_process
+ Any process that generates CMP, cytidine monophosphate, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dCMP salvage
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that generates dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxycytidine monophosphate salvage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dCDP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dCDP anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ dCDP formation
+ dCDP synthesis
+ dCDP biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CTP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ CTP biosynthesis
+ CTP anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ CTP formation
+ CTP synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dCTP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dCTP synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.
+ dCTP biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ dCTP anabolism
+ dCTP formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CTP deamination
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine nucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine nucleotide degradation
+ pyrimidine nucleotide catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TDP catabolic process
+
+
+ TDP degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ TDP catabolism
+ TDP breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTDP catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ dTDP catabolism
+ dTDP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
+ dTDP breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CMP catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ CMP breakdown
+ CMP degradation
+ biological_process
+ CMP catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CMP, cytidine monophosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dCMP catabolic process
+
+
+ dCMP degradation
+ dCMP breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.
+ dCMP catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dCDP catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ dCDP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ dCDP breakdown
+ dCDP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dCTP catabolic process
+
+
+ dCTP breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ dCTP degradation
+ dCTP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CTP catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ CTP catabolism
+ biological_process
+ CTP hydrolysis
+ CTP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CTP, cytidine 5'-triphosphate.
+ CTP breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.
+ UDP degradation
+ UDP breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ UDP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dUDP catabolic process
+
+
+ dUDP catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ dUDP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.
+ dUDP breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-glucose catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ UDP-glucose degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-glucose breakdown
+ UDP-glucose catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_candida
+ DNA metabolism
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_plant
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides.
+ goslim_yeast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication
+
+
+ Reactome:176187
+ Reactome:221383
+ Reactome:210696
+ Reactome:176318
+ Reactome:219112
+ Reactome:213204
+ Reactome:229253
+ goslim_pombe
+ Reactome:243273
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:176101
+ Reactome:209363
+ Reactome:227905
+ Reactome:252497
+ Reactome:244047
+ Reactome:249742
+ Reactome:176175
+ Reactome:222984
+ Reactome:215512
+ goslim_pir
+ The process whereby new strands of DNA are synthesized. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
+ Reactome:255670
+ DNA biosynthesis
+ DNA synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:176264
+ Reactome:231470
+ Reactome:220587
+ Reactome:224670
+ Reactome:259062
+ Reactome:239451
+ Reactome:238037
+ Reactome:229565
+ Reactome:220604
+ See also the biological process terms 'DNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006261' and 'RNA-dependent DNA replication ; GO:0006278'.
+ Reactome:229236
+ DNA biosynthetic process
+ Reactome:204211
+ Reactome:205947
+ Reactome:210713
+ Reactome:176250
+ Reactome:236114
+ Reactome:220896
+ Reactome:211049
+ Reactome:176298
+ Reactome:244652
+ Reactome:211609
+ Reactome:230019
+ Wikipedia:DNA_replication
+ Reactome:262424
+ Reactome:176116
+ Reactome:237238
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA-dependent DNA replication
+
+ GO:0006262
+ The process whereby new strands of DNA are synthesized, using parental DNA as a template for the DNA-dependent DNA polymerases that synthesize the new strands.
+ GO:0006263
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial DNA replication
+
+
+ The process whereby new strands of DNA are synthesized in the mitochondrion.
+ biological_process
+ mtDNA replication
+ mitochondrial DNA synthesis
+ replication of mitochondrial DNA
+ mtDNA synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA topological change
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that the synonym 'DNA underwinding' should not be confused with 'DNA unwinding ; GO:0006268', which refers to DNA strand separation, and is a type of geometric change. GO:0006265 refers to alteration of the superhelical density of double-stranded DNA. Note that DNA topological change and DNA geometric change (GO:0032392) are distinct, but are usually coupled in vivo.
+ DNA conformation modification
+ DNA underwinding
+ The process by which a transformation is induced in the topological structure of a double-stranded DNA helix, resulting in a change in linking number.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA ligation
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-replicative complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-replicative complex formation
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the pre-replicative complex, multiprotein complex that forms at eukaryotic DNA replication origins during late M phase; its presence is required for replication initiation.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA unwinding during replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA unwinding factor
+ The process by which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating unpaired template strands for DNA replication.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication, synthesis of RNA primer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ replication priming
+ The synthesis of a short RNA polymer, usually 4-15 nucleotides long, using one strand of unwound DNA as a template; the RNA then serves as a primer from which DNA polymerases extend synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which DNA replication is started; this involves the separation of a stretch of the DNA double helix, the recruitment of DNA polymerases and the initiation of polymerase action.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA strand elongation during DNA replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication elongation
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a DNA strand is synthesized from template DNA during replication by the action of polymerases, which add nucleotides to the 3' end of the nascent DNA strand.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leading strand elongation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis of DNA from a template strand in the 5' to 3' direction; leading strand elongation is continuous as it proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lagging strand elongation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The synthesis of DNA from a template strand in a net 3' to 5' direction. Lagging strand DNA elongation proceeds by discontinuous synthesis of short stretches of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments, from RNA primers; these fragments are then joined by DNA ligase. Although each segment of nascent DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, the overall direction of lagging strand synthesis is 3' to 5', mirroring the progress of the replication fork.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which DNA replication at a replication fork ceases; occurs when the replication fork reaches a specific termination site or when two replication forks meet.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmid maintenance
+
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ The maintenance of the integrity of extrachromosomal plasmid DNA; includes processes that ensure plasmids are retained in the daughter cells after cell division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA amplification
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which the number of copies of a gene is increased in certain cells as extra copies of DNA are made in response to certain signals of cell development or of stress from the environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA-dependent DNA replication
+
+ Reactome:164516
+ Reactome:164525
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:162589
+ The process whereby new strands of DNA are synthesized, using RNA as a template for RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (e.g. reverse transcriptase) that synthesize the new strands.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ premeiotic DNA synthesis
+
+ meiotic DNA synthesis
+ The replication of DNA that precedes meiotic cell division.
+ meiotic DNA replication
+ premeiotic DNA replication
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA repair
+
+
+ Reactome:259050
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:280695
+ Reactome:292397
+ Reactome:221621
+ Reactome:73894
+ Reactome:212077
+ Reactome:262525
+ Reactome:288391
+ Reactome:286582
+ Reactome:274239
+ Reactome:252611
+ Reactome:286697
+ Reactome:244986
+ Reactome:289866
+ Reactome:291735
+ goslim_pombe
+ Reactome:289825
+ Reactome:290403
+ Reactome:255776
+ Reactome:259167
+ Reactome:293712
+ The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:230400
+ Reactome:221835
+ Reactome:268383
+ Reactome:265355
+ Reactome:262414
+ Reactome:291787
+ Reactome:268483
+ Reactome:73942
+ Reactome:292434
+ Reactome:211856
+ Reactome:230215
+ Reactome:265253
+ Reactome:238255
+ Reactome:244827
+ Reactome:255661
+ Reactome:293765
+ Wikipedia:DNA_repair
+ Reactome:238446
+ Reactome:249863
+ Reactome:282916
+ goslim_pir
+ Reactome:249726
+ Reactome:290370
+ Reactome:274226
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair
+
+ Reactome:262436
+ Reactome:259078
+ Reactome:265273
+ Reactome:255682
+ Reactome:289865
+ Reactome:282837
+ Reactome:268397
+ Reactome:73937
+ Reactome:292431
+ Reactome:293764
+ Reactome:274110
+ Reactome:290401
+ Reactome:238308
+ The preferential repair of DNA lesions on the actively transcribed strand of the DNA duplex. In addition, the transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair pathway is required for the recognition and repair of a small subset of lesions that are not recognized by the general nucleotide excision repair pathway.
+ Reactome:221682
+ Reactome:288301
+ Reactome:230269
+ Reactome:244870
+ Reactome:211917
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:252508
+ Reactome:286601
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:280583
+ Reactome:249760
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ base-excision repair
+
+ Reactome:293783
+ In base excision repair, an altered base is removed by a DNA glycosylase enzyme, followed by excision of the resulting sugar phosphate. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
+ Reactome:274238
+ Reactome:255812
+ Reactome:291803
+ Reactome:221868
+ Reactome:238477
+ Reactome:262558
+ Reactome:268518
+ Reactome:286728
+ Reactome:282917
+ Reactome:230447
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Base_excision_repair
+ Reactome:252629
+ BER
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:289891
+ Reactome:290423
+ Reactome:249910
+ Reactome:288393
+ Reactome:73884
+ Reactome:245023
+ Reactome:212109
+ Reactome:259200
+ Reactome:292445
+ Reactome:265382
+ Reactome:280706
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ base-excision repair, AP site formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:238474
+ Reactome:249901
+ Reactome:245015
+ Reactome:290412
+ Reactome:291797
+ Reactome:255802
+ Reactome:280701
+ Reactome:259195
+ Reactome:286724
+ Reactome:221865
+ Reactome:212106
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of an AP site, a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by DNA glycosylase which recognizes an altered base in DNA and catalyzes its hydrolytic removal. This sugar phosphate is the substrate recognized by the AP endonuclease, which cuts the DNA phosphodiester backbone at the 5' side of the altered site to leave a gap which is subsequently repaired.
+ Reactome:288381
+ Reactome:262553
+ Reactome:265377
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:268508
+ Reactome:252617
+ Reactome:230436
+ Reactome:293778
+ Reactome:289881
+ Reactome:292442
+ Reactome:274232
+ Reactome:73929
+ Reactome:282904
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ base-excision repair, base-free sugar-phosphate removal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:207842
+ Reactome:291211
+ Reactome:110375
+ Excision of the sugar phosphate residue at an AP site, i.e. a deoxyribose sugar with a missing base, by a phosphodiesterase enzyme.
+ Reactome:293216
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:234753
+ Reactome:285128
+ Reactome:217379
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ base-excision repair, gap-filling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ base-excision repair, DNA ligation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:279336
+ Reactome:219097
+ The ligation by DNA ligase of DNA strands. Ligation occurs after polymerase action to fill the gap left by the action of endonucleases during base-excision repair.
+ Reactome:285051
+ Reactome:209333
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:234563
+ Reactome:264479
+ Reactome:217110
+ Reactome:110370
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:258025
+ Reactome:272909
+ Reactome:207477
+ Reactome:73931
+ Reactome:261598
+ Reactome:236081
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair
+
+ GO:0045001
+ Reactome:73885
+ Reactome:244997
+ NER
+ pyrimidine-dimer repair, DNA damage excision
+ Reactome:252598
+ Reactome:280684
+ Reactome:282893
+ interstrand crosslink repair
+ Reactome:259178
+ Reactome:255784
+ intrastrand cross-link repair
+ Reactome:212087
+ Reactome:274215
+ Reactome:262534
+ Reactome:249879
+ Reactome:230413
+ Reactome:238455
+ Reactome:286704
+ Reactome:221845
+ Reactome:288368
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:289886
+ biological_process
+ Note that although intrastrand cross-link repair is not exactly synonymous with nucleotide excision repair, nucleotide excision repair includes the repair of intrastrand cross-links. The synonym field is being used to reflect the broad substrate specificity of nucleotide excision repair.
+ Reactome:293781
+ In nucleotide excision repair a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts).
+ Reactome:265361
+ Reactome:290417
+ Reactome:292443
+ Reactome:268490
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine dimer repair
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The repair of UV-induced T-T, C-T and C-C dimers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex stabilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The stabilization of the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage as well as the unwound DNA. The stabilization of the protein-DNA complex ensures proper positioning of the preincision complex before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.
+ Reactome:109953
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:73936
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage. This assembly occurs before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.
+ biological_process
+ nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 3'-to lesion
+
+ Reactome:245314
+ Reactome:230921
+ Reactome:212566
+ nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 3' to lesion
+ Reactome:238961
+ Reactome:268931
+ The endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA 3' to the site of damage. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. The incision precedes the incision formed 5' to the site of damage.
+ Reactome:73938
+ Reactome:256058
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:259419
+ Reactome:250129
+ Reactome:274736
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:252827
+ Reactome:203599
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5'-to lesion
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision, 5' to lesion
+ gosubset_prok
+ The endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA 5' to the site of damage. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound. The incision follows the incision formed 3' to the site of damage.
+ Reactome:73939
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair, DNA gap filling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Repair of the gap in the DNA helix by DNA polymerase and DNA ligase after the portion of the strand containing the lesion has been removed by pyrimidine-dimer repair enzymes.
+ Reactome:259040
+ Reactome:244816
+ Reactome:74969
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:280557
+ Reactome:293709
+ Reactome:249713
+ Reactome:282820
+ Reactome:252483
+ Reactome:286571
+ Reactome:288289
+ Reactome:262406
+ Reactome:274083
+ Reactome:230207
+ Reactome:255648
+ Reactome:268374
+ Reactome:238245
+ Reactome:265246
+ Reactome:292393
+ Reactome:290367
+ Reactome:221611
+ Reactome:211846
+ Reactome:289823
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mismatch repair
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:DNA_mismatch_repair
+ MMR
+ biological_process
+ MutS/MutL/MutH pathway
+ long patch mismatch repair system
+ mismatch repair, MutL-like pathway
+ GO:0006300
+ A system for the correction of errors introduced during DNA replication when an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ postreplication repair
+
+ Wikipedia:Postreplication_repair
+ Pathways for DNA repair which occur after DNA has replicated, e.g. mismatch repair, and which involve translesion synthesis (TLS-type) DNA polymerases.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double-strand break repair
+
+ Reactome:211994
+ Reactome:244932
+ The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix.
+ Reactome:230339
+ Reactome:73890
+ Reactome:282923
+ Reactome:265390
+ Reactome:290426
+ Reactome:252555
+ Reactome:259126
+ Reactome:280632
+ Reactome:286651
+ Reactome:238375
+ Reactome:255732
+ Reactome:289895
+ Reactome:268526
+ Reactome:249918
+ Reactome:262483
+ Reactome:221758
+ Reactome:288400
+ Reactome:274159
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining
+
+
+ Reactome:221428
+ gosubset_prok
+ The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends.
+ Reactome:258946
+ Reactome:262319
+ biological_process
+ NHEJ
+ Reactome:230060
+ Reactome:273984
+ Reactome:238080
+ Reactome:73889
+ Reactome:211656
+ Reactome:255571
+ Reactome:286483
+ Reactome:252411
+ Reactome:244696
+ Reactome:280463
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA modification
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotide sites in DNA, resulting in a change in its properties.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA alkylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The addition of alkyl groups to many positions on all four bases of DNA. Alkylating agents can also modify the bases of incoming nucleotides in the course of DNA synthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA methylation
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.
+ Wikipedia:DNA_methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA dealkylation
+
+ Reactome:112126
+ Reactome:112122
+ Reactome:264565
+ Reactome:268485
+ Reactome:259169
+ Reactome:292399
+ Reactome:291427
+ Reactome:290244
+ Reactome:230403
+ Reactome:211876
+ Reactome:292435
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:209544
+ Reactome:73892
+ Reactome:293766
+ Reactome:211877
+ Reactome:254903
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:236309
+ Reactome:228099
+ Reactome:230235
+ Reactome:230234
+ Reactome:293716
+ Reactome:274096
+ Reactome:293427
+ Reactome:285672
+ Reactome:248543
+ Reactome:73943
+ Reactome:212080
+ Reactome:259057
+ Reactome:221838
+ The repair of alkylation damage, e.g. the removal of the alkyl group at the O6-position of guanine by O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT).
+ Reactome:238448
+ Reactome:238273
+ Reactome:292243
+ Reactome:238272
+ Reactome:274207
+ Reactome:219289
+ Reactome:258169
+ Reactome:261697
+ Reactome:267681
+ Reactome:268388
+ Reactome:268387
+ Reactome:243457
+ Reactome:289549
+ Reactome:221642
+ Reactome:221641
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA catabolic process
+
+
+
+ DNA catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long unbranched macromolecule formed from one or two strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides, the 3'-phosphate group of each constituent deoxyribonucleotide being joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose moiety of the next one.
+ DNA breakdown
+ DNA degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA fragmentation involved in apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endonucleolytic DNA catabolic process involved in apoptosis
+ Reactome:140342
+ GO:0008178
+ DNA catabolic process during apoptosis
+ DNA catabolism during apoptosis
+ DNA fragmentation
+ biological_process
+ The cleavage of DNA during apoptosis, which usually occurs in two stages: cleavage into fragments of about 50 kbp followed by cleavage between nucleosomes to yield 200 bp fragments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA recombination
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pombe
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic gene conversion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene conversion without reciprocal crossover
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic recombination
+
+ The exchange, reciprocal or nonreciprocal, of genetic material between one DNA molecule and a homologous region of DNA that occurs during mitotic cell cycles.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Mitotic_crossover
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transposition, DNA-mediated
+
+
+ Class II transposition
+ DNA transposition
+ Tc3 transposition
+ Tc1/mariner transposition
+ GO:0006318
+ P-element transposition
+ GO:0006317
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via a DNA intermediate.
+ P-element excision
+ cut-and-paste transposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intron homing
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Lateral transfer of an intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homing of group II introns
+
+ Lateral transfer of a group II intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron; group II introns are self-splicing introns with a conserved secondary structure.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ movement of group I intron
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Lateral transfer of a group I intron to a homologous allele that lacks the intron, mediated by a site-specific endonuclease encoded within the mobile intron; group I introns are self-splicing introns that use guanosine as a cofactor in the splicing reaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA packaging
+
+ Any process by which DNA and associated proteins are formed into a compact, orderly structure.
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ DNA organization
+ DNA organisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-phase-specific histone modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein that takes place during, and results in a modification pattern characteristic of, S phase of the cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture
+
+ Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin assembly or disassembly
+
+ chromatin assembly/disassembly
+ biological_process
+ The formation or destruction of chromatin structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleosome assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleosome modeling
+ biological_process
+ histone chaperone
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication-dependent nucleosome assembly
+
+
+ The formation of nucleosomes on newly replicated DNA, coupled to strand elongation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly
+
+
+ The formation of nucleosomes outside the context of DNA replication.
+ transcription-coupled nucleosome assembly
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleosome disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin remodeling
+
+ chromatin remodelling
+ biological_process
+ chromatin modelling
+ chromatin modeling
+ goslim_pombe
+ Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring throughout the cell division cycle. These changes range from the local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin silencing
+
+
+
+ chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcriptional inactivation
+ heterochromatic silencing
+ chromatin-mediated silencing
+ Note that this process is the opposite of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription. This regulation is exemplified by members of the Polycomb group, which maintain the inactive state of homeotic gene transcription.
+ GO:0016440
+ TGS
+ transcriptional gene silencing
+ Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of chromatin silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of heterochromatic silencing
+ biological_process
+ The initial formation of a transcriptionally silent chromatin structure such as heterochromatin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of chromatin silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The maintenance of chromatin in a transciptionally silent state such as heterochromatin.
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of heterochromatic silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ loss of chromatin silencing
+
+ The process leading to expression of genes that are typically not expressed due to silencing by regulatory proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylation-dependent chromatin silencing
+
+
+ methylation-dependent heterochromatic silencing
+ biological_process
+ Repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin silencing at telomere
+
+ biological_process
+ Repression of transcription of telomeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
+ heterochromatic silencing at telomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genetic imprinting
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Heritable alterations in the activity of a gene that depend on whether it passed through the paternal or the maternal germline, but that are not encoded by DNA itself.
+ DNA imprinting
+ Wikipedia:Genomic_imprinting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_yeast
+ Reactome:274216
+ The synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
+ Reactome:74159
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:212088
+ Reactome:288376
+ Reactome:238456
+ Reactome:221846
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:282909
+ Reactome:268499
+ Reactome:280685
+ Reactome:249880
+ Wikipedia:Transcription_(genetics)
+ Reactome:265362
+ Reactome:252609
+ goslim_plant
+ Reactome:262535
+ Reactome:286705
+ goslim_pombe
+ Reactome:244998
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_pir
+ Reactome:259179
+ Reactome:255785
+ Reactome:230414
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription, DNA-dependent
+
+
+ The synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase complex at the promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter.
+ RNA polymerase complex assembly at promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ transcriptional complex disassembly
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ transcription elongation
+ goslim_pir
+ The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase.
+ transcriptional elongation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ transcriptional control
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of global transcription from Pol II promoter.
+ biological_process
+ global transcription regulation from Pol II promoter
+ regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA ploymerase III promoter.
+ regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+
+ Reactome:73864
+ Reactome:262509
+ Reactome:255758
+ Reactome:245011
+ Reactome:212045
+ Reactome:280660
+ Reactome:288378
+ Reactome:221808
+ Reactome:286679
+ Reactome:268502
+ transcription from Pol I promoter
+ Reactome:259152
+ Reactome:252614
+ Reactome:274187
+ Reactome:230416
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:249846
+ Reactome:265372
+ Reactome:238420
+ The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase I (Pol I), originating at a Pol I-specific promoter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:280456
+ Reactome:221426
+ Reactome:268296
+ Reactome:262318
+ Reactome:211654
+ Reactome:244718
+ Reactome:249615
+ Reactome:288245
+ Reactome:265183
+ Reactome:252425
+ Reactome:230100
+ Reactome:273977
+ Reactome:258945
+ Reactome:73762
+ Reactome:255570
+ transcription initiation from Pol I promoter
+ Reactome:286478
+ Reactome:238079
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:280524
+ Reactome:211786
+ RNA elongation from Pol I promoter
+ Reactome:274046
+ The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation at an RNA polymerase I-specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase I.
+ Reactome:221551
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:262377
+ Reactome:238191
+ Reactome:249680
+ Reactome:73777
+ Reactome:259007
+ Reactome:286547
+ Reactome:255622
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ termination of RNA polymerase I transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:230285
+ GO:0019223
+ Reactome:211897
+ Reactome:73863
+ biological_process
+ transcription termination from Pol I promoter
+ Reactome:238288
+ RNA polymerase I transcription termination
+ Reactome:221661
+ The process by which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase I using a DNA template is completed; typically occurs within U-rich regions.
+ transcription termination from RNA polymerase I promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0006365
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 35S primary transcript processing
+ Any process involved in the conversion of a primary ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript into one or more mature rRNA molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+ transcription from Pol II promoter
+ Reactome:268432
+ Reactome:73857
+ Reactome:255684
+ Reactome:221684
+ Reactome:249762
+ Reactome:230271
+ Reactome:265275
+ The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
+ Reactome:211919
+ Reactome:259080
+ Reactome:238311
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:274112
+ Reactome:252544
+ Reactome:288327
+ Reactome:262438
+ Reactome:244872
+ Reactome:280585
+ Reactome:286603
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:221628
+ Any process involved in starting transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:238260
+ Reactome:255664
+ Reactome:75953
+ Reactome:211863
+ Reactome:286585
+ transcription initiation from Pol II promoter
+ Reactome:265256
+ Reactome:244832
+ Reactome:230221
+ Reactome:262417
+ Reactome:259054
+ Reactome:167161
+ Reactome:280567
+ Reactome:249731
+ Reactome:274092
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:221396
+ Reactome:244663
+ Reactome:274185
+ Reactome:286677
+ Reactome:259150
+ RNA elongation from Pol II promoter
+ Reactome:167169
+ Reactome:255756
+ Reactome:280658
+ Reactome:211622
+ Reactome:249844
+ Reactome:230030
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:262507
+ Reactome:75955
+ Reactome:238048
+ Reactome:288348
+ The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation at an RNA polymerase II-specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
+ Reactome:265336
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ termination of RNA polymerase II transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:73856
+ Reactome:221794
+ Reactome:286670
+ Reactome:167168
+ GO:0019224
+ transcription termination from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ Reactome:212031
+ RNA polymerase II transcription termination
+ The process by which the synthesis of an RNA molecule by RNA polymerase II using a DNA template is completed.
+ transcription termination from Pol II promoter
+ Reactome:244958
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA capping
+
+
+ Reactome:262338
+ Addition of the 7-methylguanosine cap to the 5' end of a nascent messenger RNA transcript.
+ biological_process
+ 5' end capping
+ Reactome:274006
+ Reactome:72086
+ Reactome:255589
+ Reactome:280485
+ Reactome:230111
+ 5'-end processing
+ Reactome:252428
+ 5'-end mRNA processing
+ 5' mRNA capping
+ Reactome:265186
+ Reactome:238133
+ Reactome:249639
+ Reactome:258966
+ Reactome:286505
+ Reactome:244728
+ Reactome:221487
+ Reactome:211717
+ See also the biological process term 'RNA capping ; GO:0009452'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA splice site selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spliceosomal commitment complex biosynthesis
+ Selection of a splice site by components of the assembling spliceosome.
+ spliceosomal E complex formation
+ spliceosomal E complex biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ spliceosomal commitment complex formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA polyadenylation
+
+
+ Reactome:243459
+ cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ mRNA polyadenylylation
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:72185
+ The enzymatic addition of a sequence of 40-200 adenylyl residues at the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA primary transcript.
+ Reactome:248545
+ Reactome:219294
+ Reactome:209549
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA cleavage
+
+ cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which a pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner.
+ cleavage stimulation factor activity
+ biological_process
+ pre-mRNA cleavage factor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenosine to inosine editing
+
+ Reactome:221775
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:268450
+ The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination.
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:75064
+ Reactome:212011
+ Reactome:238390
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+ Reactome:220733
+ Reactome:220735
+ Reactome:288027
+ Reactome:288026
+ Reactome:249855
+ Reactome:220737
+ Reactome:220738
+ Reactome:220739
+ Reactome:267982
+ transcription from Pol III promoter
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:273598
+ The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III-specific promoter.
+ Reactome:282618
+ Reactome:227651
+ Reactome:210892
+ Reactome:273596
+ Reactome:273597
+ Reactome:210890
+ Reactome:273591
+ Reactome:210896
+ Reactome:210895
+ Reactome:210894
+ Reactome:210899
+ Reactome:272748
+ Reactome:112054
+ Reactome:280053
+ Reactome:280052
+ Reactome:286132
+ Reactome:280057
+ Reactome:249198
+ Reactome:252099
+ Reactome:112055
+ Reactome:244976
+ Reactome:280050
+ Reactome:286687
+ Reactome:273586
+ Reactome:212063
+ Reactome:273584
+ Reactome:267451
+ Reactome:209117
+ Reactome:273587
+ Reactome:280668
+ Reactome:249230
+ Reactome:210862
+ Reactome:220712
+ Reactome:261528
+ Reactome:249226
+ Reactome:113446
+ Reactome:249228
+ Reactome:249222
+ Reactome:249221
+ Reactome:280021
+ Reactome:249229
+ Reactome:113442
+ Reactome:282204
+ Reactome:74158
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:221826
+ Reactome:282636
+ Reactome:259161
+ Reactome:282635
+ Reactome:262024
+ Reactome:244184
+ Reactome:244183
+ Reactome:237452
+ Reactome:287828
+ Reactome:286154
+ Reactome:267996
+ Reactome:237451
+ Reactome:267997
+ Reactome:286153
+ Reactome:237456
+ Reactome:237455
+ Reactome:286151
+ Reactome:237458
+ Reactome:237457
+ Reactome:279017
+ Reactome:113451
+ Reactome:257936
+ Reactome:286158
+ Reactome:249219
+ Reactome:252584
+ Reactome:244176
+ Reactome:238433
+ Reactome:255765
+ Reactome:244178
+ Reactome:244179
+ Reactome:237448
+ Reactome:210900
+ Reactome:230394
+ Reactome:210901
+ Reactome:262053
+ Reactome:286162
+ Reactome:286161
+ Reactome:262056
+ Reactome:286160
+ Reactome:237446
+ Reactome:262055
+ Reactome:285455
+ Reactome:237450
+ Reactome:248196
+ Reactome:251616
+ Reactome:235872
+ Reactome:244180
+ Reactome:258640
+ Reactome:244182
+ Reactome:210902
+ Reactome:288353
+ Reactome:268472
+ Reactome:273552
+ Reactome:112156
+ Reactome:229418
+ Reactome:112155
+ Reactome:112153
+ Reactome:229412
+ Reactome:229411
+ Reactome:229410
+ Reactome:229417
+ Reactome:229416
+ Reactome:229415
+ Reactome:243049
+ Reactome:218844
+ Reactome:274196
+ Reactome:244155
+ Reactome:280064
+ Reactome:280062
+ Reactome:280063
+ Reactome:220743
+ Reactome:220744
+ Reactome:220745
+ Reactome:229408
+ Reactome:220742
+ Reactome:113705
+ Reactome:229406
+ Reactome:112149
+ Reactome:258620
+ Reactome:262065
+ Reactome:262060
+ Reactome:262518
+ Reactome:262067
+ Reactome:262066
+ Reactome:237412
+ Reactome:258639
+ Reactome:288011
+ Reactome:282878
+ Reactome:252138
+ Reactome:252137
+ Reactome:76060
+ Reactome:252132
+ Reactome:252131
+ Reactome:229391
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription initiation from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ transcription initiation from Pol III promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA elongation from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:244808
+ Reactome:274075
+ Reactome:73780
+ Reactome:282819
+ The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation at an RNA polymerase III-specific promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by RNA polymerase III.
+ Reactome:286567
+ Reactome:230198
+ Reactome:252479
+ Reactome:280549
+ Reactome:211834
+ Reactome:238232
+ Reactome:262400
+ RNA elongation from Pol III promoter
+ Reactome:221599
+ Reactome:259035
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:288283
+ Reactome:249708
+ Reactome:268365
+ Reactome:255641
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ termination of RNA polymerase III transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:229433
+ Reactome:288029
+ Reactome:262442
+ GO:0019225
+ RNA polymerase III transcription termination
+ Reactome:268004
+ Reactome:282839
+ Reactome:221686
+ Reactome:220770
+ Reactome:273602
+ Reactome:252142
+ Reactome:286606
+ Reactome:237464
+ Reactome:112480
+ Reactome:282643
+ Reactome:286169
+ Reactome:280589
+ Reactome:259082
+ transcription termination from Pol III promoter
+ transcription termination from RNA polymerase III promoter
+ Reactome:113454
+ Reactome:73980
+ Reactome:211921
+ The process by which transcription by RNA polymerase III is terminated; Pol III has an intrinsic ability to terminate transcription upon incorporation of 4 to 6 contiguous U residues.
+ Reactome:249241
+ Reactome:210922
+ Reactome:238313
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:112466
+ Reactome:274116
+ Reactome:262071
+ Reactome:244196
+ Reactome:230273
+ Reactome:258644
+ Reactome:268399
+ Reactome:249765
+ Reactome:252511
+ Reactome:288303
+ Reactome:255689
+ Reactome:244874
+ Reactome:280075
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA capping
+
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation
+
+
+ Note that while typically associated with tRNA splicing, splicing via endonucleolytic cleavages and subsequent ligation of the free exon ends is known to be used for some non-tRNA substrates, e.g. HAC1 (YFL031W) in S. cerevisiae and an intron in the 23S rRNA of the Archaeal species Desulfurococcus mobilis.
+ tRNA-Y splicing
+ Splicing of tRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription from mitochondrial promoter
+
+
+ Reactome:244937
+ Reactome:75944
+ mitochondrial transcription
+ Reactome:252600
+ Reactome:221763
+ Reactome:211999
+ Reactome:262537
+ Reactome:249884
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis of RNA from a mitochondrial DNA template, usually by a specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase.
+ Reactome:230345
+ Reactome:238380
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription initiation from mitochondrial promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:252513
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:163282
+ Reactome:230074
+ Reactome:244701
+ Reactome:221443
+ Reactome:238095
+ Reactome:249770
+ Reactome:262444
+ Reactome:211672
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA elongation from mitochondrial promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation at mitochondrial promoter by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by a mitchondrial RNA polymerase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ termination of mitochondrial transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:221437
+ The process by which the synthesis of an RNA molecule using a mitochondrial DNA template is completed.
+ Reactome:163316
+ RNA transcription termination from mitochondrial promoter
+ Reactome:238089
+ Reactome:211666
+ mitochondrial transcription termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process involved in the conversion of one or more primary RNA transcripts into one or more mature RNA molecules.
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Post-transcriptional_modification
+ GO:0006394
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA processing
+
+
+ Reactome:286661
+ Any process involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into one or more mature mRNA(s) prior to translation into polypeptide.
+ Reactome:244946
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:255781
+ Reactome:212012
+ Reactome:241665
+ Reactome:221776
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:206758
+ Reactome:77586
+ Reactome:274212
+ Reactome:259174
+ mRNA maturation
+ Reactome:265358
+ Reactome:249825
+ Reactome:262531
+ Reactome:284708
+ Reactome:230353
+ Reactome:75067
+ Reactome:216307
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone mRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a histone mRNA molecule.
+ histone mRNA 3' end processing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis. Transfer RNA is characterized by the presence of many unusual minor bases, the function of which has not been completely established.
+ gosubset_prok
+ tRNA metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA modification
+
+
+ GO:0016549
+ The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within a tRNA molecule to produce a tRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
+ tRNA editing
+ gosubset_prok
+ The term 'RNA editing' (GO:0016547) was merged into 'RNA modification' (GO:0009451) on the basis of statements in the preface of Modification and Editing of RNA (ISBN:1555811337) that there is no clear distinction between modification and editing. Parallel changes were made for substrate (e.g. tRNA, rRNA, etc.) specific child terms of 'RNA editing'.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA catabolic process
+
+
+
+ RNA catabolism
+ RNA breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RNA degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
+ mRNA breakdown
+ biological_process
+ mRNA degradation
+ mRNA catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA localization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of RNA localization
+ A process by which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA import into nucleus
+
+
+ RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ The import of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
+ RNA-nucleus import
+ RNA import into cell nucleus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA export from nucleus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:159101
+ Reactome:244449
+ Reactome:249112
+ Reactome:244447
+ RNA export out of nucleus
+ Reactome:237378
+ Reactome:244143
+ Reactome:244059
+ Reactome:237784
+ The directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
+ Reactome:237787
+ RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ Reactome:210819
+ Reactome:220610
+ RNA-nucleus export
+ Reactome:158441
+ Reactome:211324
+ Reactome:158481
+ Reactome:211326
+ Reactome:158447
+ RNA export from cell nucleus
+ Reactome:210719
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA export from nucleus
+
+
+ Reactome:159050
+ Reactome:244451
+ mRNA export from cell nucleus
+ Reactome:77594
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:211322
+ Reactome:77587
+ Reactome:211328
+ Reactome:237384
+ Reactome:158484
+ Reactome:212042
+ Reactome:72202
+ Reactome:237388
+ Reactome:221674
+ Reactome:212086
+ mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ Reactome:249876
+ Reactome:244152
+ Reactome:244964
+ Reactome:238480
+ Reactome:244865
+ Reactome:221844
+ Reactome:238454
+ Reactome:111439
+ Reactome:244148
+ Reactome:75098
+ Reactome:75097
+ Reactome:75096
+ Reactome:211910
+ Reactome:242319
+ Reactome:242316
+ Reactome:210824
+ Reactome:210828
+ Reactome:159236
+ Reactome:159234
+ mRNA-nucleus export
+ Reactome:207624
+ Reactome:244445
+ Reactome:242322
+ Reactome:207627
+ Reactome:159046
+ mRNA export out of nucleus
+ Reactome:237791
+ Reactome:244994
+ Reactome:249756
+ The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
+ Reactome:207621
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA export from cell nucleus
+ rRNA export out of nucleus
+ biological_process
+ rRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ The directed movement of rRNA, in the form of ribonucleoproteins, from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
+ rRNA-nucleus export
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA export from nucleus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ snRNA export from cell nucleus
+ snRNA export out of nucleus
+ snRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ snRNA-nucleus export
+ The directed movement of snRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA export from nucleus
+
+
+ tRNA export out of nucleus
+ tRNA export from cell nucleus
+ tRNA-nucleus export
+ tRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of tRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription, RNA-dependent
+
+ Wikipedia:Reverse_transcription
+ The synthesis of DNA on a template of RNA.
+ reverse transcription
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0006453
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
+ goslim_generic
+ GO:0043037
+ GO:0006416
+ biological_process
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_pombe
+ protein anabolism
+ protein formation
+ goslim_candida
+ protein biosynthesis
+ protein synthesis
+ Wikipedia:Translation_(genetics)
+ protein translation
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translational initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biopolymerisation
+ GO:0006454
+ protein synthesis initiation
+ The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.
+ translation initiation
+ GO:0006440
+ biopolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translational elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:282807
+ Reactome:262372
+ Reactome:268339
+ Reactome:221545
+ Reactome:259002
+ Reactome:289812
+ Reactome:238185
+ Reactome:265213
+ The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis.
+ GO:0006455
+ Reactome:211780
+ Reactome:274042
+ Reactome:252453
+ Reactome:244773
+ Reactome:249675
+ Reactome:288269
+ translation elongation
+ Reactome:290358
+ Reactome:286542
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:280519
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:230156
+ Reactome:156842
+ Reactome:291717
+ Reactome:255618
+ protein synthesis elongation
+ GO:0006442
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translational termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:267360
+ Reactome:286558
+ Reactome:259027
+ Reactome:255633
+ Reactome:244800
+ Reactome:289817
+ Reactome:262393
+ Reactome:141667
+ Reactome:267357
+ Reactome:278843
+ Reactome:248974
+ Reactome:285329
+ Reactome:278840
+ Reactome:282153
+ Reactome:249700
+ Reactome:282150
+ Reactome:251521
+ Reactome:221586
+ Reactome:261913
+ Reactome:258421
+ Reactome:238221
+ Reactome:287994
+ Reactome:141698
+ Reactome:282815
+ Reactome:227434
+ Reactome:210467
+ Reactome:141696
+ Reactome:251524
+ Reactome:285986
+ Reactome:264714
+ The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome, usually in response to a termination codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA in the universal genetic code).
+ Reactome:141691
+ Reactome:227431
+ Reactome:218548
+ Reactome:242931
+ Reactome:72764
+ translational complex disassembly
+ Reactome:280542
+ Reactome:218551
+ Reactome:285332
+ Reactome:211821
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:243977
+ Reactome:220306
+ Reactome:251941
+ Reactome:288280
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:273418
+ Reactome:289632
+ Reactome:282455
+ Reactome:230186
+ Reactome:248075
+ Reactome:287778
+ Reactome:267898
+ Reactome:248078
+ Reactome:141687
+ Reactome:287775
+ Reactome:208893
+ Reactome:235698
+ Reactome:208896
+ Reactome:289379
+ Reactome:228888
+ Reactome:265232
+ Reactome:257826
+ Reactome:257829
+ Reactome:242928
+ Reactome:252471
+ Reactome:261434
+ translation termination
+ GO:0006456
+ Reactome:141671
+ Reactome:235701
+ Reactome:261431
+ Reactome:274067
+ Reactome:141673
+ Reactome:264324
+ Reactome:272615
+ Reactome:268356
+ Reactome:272612
+ Reactome:264321
+ Reactome:279871
+ GO:0006443
+ protein synthesis termination
+ Reactome:236981
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein biosynthesis
+ regulation of protein formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of protein synthesis
+ GO:0006445
+ regulation of protein anabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis.
+ tRNA charging
+ MetaCyc:TRNA-CHARGING-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'- adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'- adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seryl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling tyrosine to tyrosyl-tRNA, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ valyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translational initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translational initiation by iron
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the translation of certain mRNAs involved in iron metabolism; regulated by the concentration of iron.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translational elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translational termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translational fidelity
+
+
+ GO:0000029
+ regulation of translational accuracy
+ Any process that modulates the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translational readthrough
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ natural nonsense suppression
+ The continuation of translation beyond a stop codon by the use of a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG and UGA codons as modified amino acids, rather than as termination codons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translational frameshifting
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A mechanism whereby different proteins may result from a single mRNA molecule, due to a change in the parsing of three nucleotides per codon relative to an initiating AUG codon.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Translational_frameshift
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein folding
+
+ beta-tubulin folding
+ chaperonin ATPase activity
+ chaperone activity
+ protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
+ chaperonin-mediated tubulin folding
+ The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure.
+ goslim_yeast
+ co-chaperone activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_candida
+ co-chaperonin activity
+ biological_process
+ glycoprotein-specific chaperone activity
+ Wikipedia:Protein_folding
+ GO:0007025
+ alpha-tubulin folding
+ GO:0007024
+ GO:0007022
+ non-chaperonin molecular chaperone ATPase activity
+ goslim_pombe
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 'de novo' protein folding
+
+ nascent chain protein folding
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of assisting in the folding of a nascent peptide chain into its correct tertiary structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex.
+ chaperone activity
+ protein complex biosynthesis
+ goslim_pombe
+ protein complex formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid hormone receptor complex assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a steroid hormone receptor complex, an intracellular receptor that binds steroid hormones. The complex is often a dimer, and forms after the steroid has bound the receptor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein modification process
+
+
+ Reactome:262540
+ Reactome:259184
+ goslim_generic
+ Reactome:274221
+ Reactome:230417
+ goslim_plant
+ Reactome:286709
+ Reactome:249885
+ Reactome:268494
+ Reactome:238459
+ The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications). Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification).
+ Reactome:252603
+ biological_process
+ goslim_yeast
+ Reactome:245000
+ Reactome:280690
+ Reactome:212091
+ process resulting in protein modification
+ Reactome:255790
+ Reactome:221849
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein tagging activity
+ Reactome:288370
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_candida
+ Reactome:163841
+ Reactome:282898
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal peptide processing
+
+
+ The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell.
+ biological_process
+ leader peptide processing
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein thiol-disulfide exchange
+
+
+ disulphide bond biosynthesis
+ disulphide bond formation
+ Oxidation of two organic sulfhydryl groups (thiols) by a disulfide compound to form a disulfide bond.
+ protein thiol-disulphide exchange
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid phosphorylation
+
+
+ Reactome:219891
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
+ Reactome:73722
+ Reactome:210076
+ Reactome:236701
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein kinase activity
+
+
+ inhibition of protein kinase activity
+ downregulation of protein kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
+ down regulation of protein kinase activity
+ down-regulation of protein kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+
+
+ The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation
+
+ RESID:AA0168
+ The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
+ RESID:AA0169
+ RESID:AA0231
+ RESID:AA0040
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0237
+ RESID:AA0295
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid acetylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The addition of an acetyl group to a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ internal protein amino acid acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal amino acid in a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid deacetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid sulfation
+
+
+ protein amino acid sulphation
+ The addition of a sulfate group as an ester to a protein amino acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tyrosine sulfation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-tyrosine sulphation
+ The posttranslational sulfation of peptidyl-tyrosine residues to form peptidyl-O4'-sulfo-L-tyrosine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0172
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid methylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The addition of a methyl group to a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein amino acid methylation
+
+
+ The methylation of the N-terminal amino acid of a protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal protein amino acid methylation
+
+
+ The methylation of the C-terminal amino acid of a protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid demethylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The removal of a methyl group, from a protein amino acid. A methyl group is derived from methane by the removal of a hydrogen atom.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid glycosylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_pombe
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a sugar unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation
+
+ The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine or the N1' atom peptidyl-tryptophan.
+ N-glycan biosynthesis
+ RESID:AA0156
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0151
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0327
+ N-glycan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+ dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ dolichol-linked oligosaccharide formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide, usually by a stepwise addition of glycosyl chains to endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound dolichol-P.
+ oligosaccharide-PP-dolichol assembly
+ dolichol-linked oligosaccharide synthesis
+ dolichol-linked oligosaccharide anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dolichyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ dolichyl diphosphate biosynthesis
+ dolichyl diphosphate formation
+ dolichyl diphosphate anabolism
+ dolichyl diphosphate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligosaccharide-lipid intermediate assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cellular metabolic process by which an intermediate molecule of dolichol-P-man or dolicol-P-Glc is assembled to be used in N-linked glycosylation.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-glycan processing
+
+ The conversion of N-linked glycan structures from the initially transferred oligosaccharide to a mature form, by the actions of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases. The early processing steps are conserved and play roles in glycoprotein folding and trafficking.
+ N-glycan catabolism
+ N-linked glycoprotein maturation
+ N-glycan degradation
+ GO:0006492
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation
+
+ The formation of O-glycans by addition of glycosyl groups either to the hydroxyl group of peptidyl-serine, peptidyl-threonine, peptidyl-hydroxylysine, or peptidyl-hydroxyproline, or to the phenol group of peptidyl-tyrosine.
+ RESID:AA0153
+ RESID:AA0212
+ RESID:AA0154
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0155
+ RESID:AA0157
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid terminal glycosylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The glycosylation of a free alpha-amino or alpha-carboxyl terminal of a peptide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid terminal N-glycosylation
+
+
+ The glycosylation of a nitrogen atom of a free alpha amino terminal of a peptide.
+ Note that the only known alpha amino glycosylation is on an asparagine; see UniProtKB:P58522. However, this feature is not differentiated from normal N-glycosylation of asparagine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid lipidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0077
+ RESID:AA0159
+ RESID:AA0059
+ RESID:AA0079
+ RESID:AA0078
+ RESID:AA0158
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0290
+ protein lipidation
+ GO:0042050
+ The covalent or non-covalent attachment of lipid moieties to an amino acid in a protein.
+ RESID:AA0060
+ RESID:AA0103
+ RESID:AA0102
+ RESID:AA0162
+ RESID:AA0163
+ RESID:AA0107
+ RESID:AA0160
+ RESID:AA0161
+ RESID:AA0106
+ RESID:AA0104
+ RESID:AA0309
+ RESID:AA0308
+ RESID:AA0223
+ RESID:AA0307
+ RESID:AA0166
+ lipid:protein modification
+ RESID:AA0316
+ RESID:AA0080
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein lipidation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a lipid moiety to the amino terminus of a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein myristoylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a myristoyl moiety to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein palmitoylation
+
+
+ The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a palmitoyl moiety to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal protein lipidation
+
+
+ Reactome:262454
+ Reactome:282846
+ Reactome:211944
+ Reactome:230292
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:238331
+ Reactome:274128
+ Reactome:163125
+ Reactome:255703
+ Reactome:288310
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:252523
+ Reactome:268411
+ The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a lipid moiety to the carboxy terminus of a protein.
+ Reactome:221709
+ Reactome:259094
+ Reactome:286619
+ Reactome:280601
+ Reactome:244889
+ Reactome:249781
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GPI anchor metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, molecular mechanisms for attaching membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. Structurally they consist of a molecule of phosphatidylinositol to which is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl of the inositol, a carbohydrate chain. This chain is in turn linked to the protein through an ethanolamine phosphate moiety, the amino group of which is in amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein chain, the phosphate group being esterified to the C-6 hydroxyl of the terminal mannose of the core carbohydrate chain.
+ biological_process
+ GPI anchor metabolism
+ glycosylphosphatidylinositol metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycosylphosphatidylinositol metabolism
+ GPI/GSI anchor metabolism
+ GO:0046472
+ GPI/GSI anchor metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GPI anchor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ GPI anchor anabolism
+ biological_process
+ glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The phosphatidylinositol moiety is linked via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via an ethanolamine phosphate moiety, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GPI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis
+ GPI anchor biosynthesis
+ GPI/GSI anchor biosynthetic process
+ GPI/GSI anchor biosynthesis
+ GPI anchor formation
+ GPI anchor synthesis
+ GO:0015998
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GPI anchor release
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteolysis
+
+ Reactome:211900
+ Reactome:238291
+ ATP-dependent proteolysis
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Proteolysis
+ Reactome:159782
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:230255
+ goslim_pir
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
+ Reactome:221664
+ peptidolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+
+ receptor shedding
+ membrane protein solubilization
+ The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+ ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis
+ biological_process
+ ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
+ ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin moiety, or multiple ubiquitin moieties, to the protein.
+ ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein monoubiquitination
+
+ biological_process
+ Addition of a single ubiquitin moiety to a protein.
+ protein monoubiquitylation
+ protein monoubiquitinylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein catabolic process
+
+ misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein breakdown
+ misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins.
+ degradation of misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycoprotein catabolic process
+
+
+ glycoprotein catabolism
+ biological_process
+ glycoprotein breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycoprotein degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein deglycosylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glycoprotein deglycosylation
+ The removal of sugar residues from a glycosylated protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide metabolic process
+
+ goslim_pir
+ peptide metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
+
+
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_pir
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, and compounds derived from amino acids, as carried out by individual cells.
+ amino acid and derivative metabolism
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_candida
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_generic
+ biological_process
+ goslim_goa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+ amino acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pombe
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of amino acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ regulation of amino acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alanine metabolic process
+
+ Reactome:258934
+ Reactome:249605
+ Reactome:290343
+ Reactome:262308
+ Reactome:252402
+ Reactome:286467
+ Reactome:280445
+ Reactome:268285
+ Reactome:221409
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.
+ alanine metabolism
+ Reactome:282772
+ Reactome:273966
+ Reactome:255560
+ Reactome:70525
+ Reactome:238062
+ Reactome:265159
+ Reactome:244676
+ Reactome:211637
+ Reactome:230044
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alanine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ alanine synthesis
+ alanine biosynthesis
+ alanine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ alanine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alanine catabolic process
+
+
+ alanine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid.
+ alanine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ alanine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine metabolic process
+
+ arginine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
+ Wikipedia:Arginine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:ARGSYNBSUB-PWY
+ arginine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ arginine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ arginine synthesis
+ MetaCyc:ARGININE-SYN4-PWY
+ arginine formation
+ MetaCyc:ARGSYN-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine catabolic process
+
+
+ arginine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ arginine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ arginine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine, 2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asparagine metabolic process
+
+ asparagine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:ASPARAGINESYN-PWY
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asparagine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ asparagine formation
+ asparagine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
+ asparagine synthesis
+ asparagine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asparagine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ asparagine breakdown
+ asparagine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of asparagine, 2-amino-3-carbamoylpropanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ asparagine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aspartate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ aspartate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aspartate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ aspartate anabolism
+ aspartate synthesis
+ aspartate formation
+ aspartate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aspartate catabolic process
+
+
+ aspartate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, 2-aminobutanedioic acid.
+ aspartate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ aspartate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cysteine metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cysteine metabolism
+ Wikipedia:Cysteine_metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
+
+
+ cysteine formation from serine
+ cysteine synthesis from serine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine.
+ cysteine anabolism from serine
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:CYSTSYN-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate metabolic process
+
+ glutamic acid metabolism
+ glutamate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ glutamic acid metabolic process
+ Wikipedia:Glutamic_acid
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ glutamic acid biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
+ glutamate biosynthetic process, using glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)
+ glutamate biosynthesis, using glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+)
+ glutamate biosynthesis, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
+ glutamate synthesis
+ glutamate biosynthesis
+ glutamic acid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
+ glutamate formation
+ glutamate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glutamate catabolism
+ glutamate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ glutamic acid catabolic process
+ glutamic acid catabolism
+ glutamate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process via 2-oxoglutarate
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ glutamate breakdown via 2-oxoglutarate
+ glutamate degradation via 2-oxoglutarate
+ glutamate catabolic process via alpha-oxoglutarate
+ glutamate catabolism via 2-ketoglutarate
+ glutamate catabolism via alpha-oxoglutarate
+ glutamate catabolic process via 2-ketoglutarate
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxoglutarate.
+ glutamate catabolic process via alpha-ketoglutarate
+ glutamate catabolism via alpha-ketoglutarate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate decarboxylation to succinate
+
+
+ 4-aminobutyrate shunt
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes.
+ GABA shunt
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4321
+ MetaCyc:GLUDEG-I-PWY
+ gamma-aminobutyrate shunt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ glutamine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
+ glutamine anabolism
+ MetaCyc:GLNSYN-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ glutamine formation
+ biological_process
+ glutamine biosynthesis
+ glutamine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ glutamine degradation
+ glutamine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid.
+ glutamine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ glycine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
+ MetaCyc:GLYCINE-SYN2-PWY
+ glycine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycine biosynthesis
+ glycine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, aminoethanoic acid.
+ glycine degradation
+ glycine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine metabolic process
+
+ histidine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
+ Wikipedia:Histidine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine catabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:238225
+ Reactome:286562
+ histidine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid.
+ Reactome:249704
+ histidine breakdown
+ Reactome:211825
+ Reactome:230190
+ Reactome:70921
+ histidine degradation
+ Reactome:274069
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:221590
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:280546
+ Reactome:259031
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoleucine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ isoleucine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoleucine catabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:286472
+ Reactome:258939
+ Reactome:293668
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:244681
+ Reactome:255566
+ Reactome:221416
+ Reactome:273971
+ Reactome:211644
+ Reactome:70845
+ isoleucine degradation
+ Reactome:290365
+ Reactome:252407
+ Reactome:280450
+ Reactome:262314
+ Reactome:288240
+ gosubset_prok
+ isoleucine catabolism
+ MetaCyc:ILEUDEG-PWY
+ Reactome:238069
+ Reactome:249609
+ Reactome:291691
+ Reactome:230051
+ Reactome:268290
+ isoleucine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
+ Reactome:292390
+ Reactome:289788
+ Reactome:265164
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucine metabolic process
+
+ leucine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucine catabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:221466
+ Reactome:249630
+ Reactome:290366
+ Reactome:292392
+ MetaCyc:LEU-DEG2-PWY
+ Reactome:268369
+ leucine degradation
+ Reactome:288320
+ Reactome:244713
+ Reactome:293707
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
+ Reactome:262404
+ Reactome:211695
+ Reactome:280479
+ Reactome:230093
+ Reactome:252423
+ leucine breakdown
+ Reactome:255647
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:273999
+ Reactome:286497
+ Reactome:291732
+ leucine catabolism
+ Reactome:289798
+ Reactome:265181
+ Reactome:70793
+ Reactome:238115
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:258960
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Lysine
+ lysine metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
+ Reactome:249536
+ lysine breakdown
+ Reactome:221317
+ Reactome:252347
+ lysine degradation
+ Reactome:265102
+ Reactome:286403
+ Reactome:291641
+ Reactome:244677
+ Reactome:268225
+ Reactome:211540
+ lysine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:293616
+ Reactome:258874
+ Reactome:289758
+ Reactome:71064
+ Reactome:229957
+ Reactome:280386
+ Reactome:273907
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:262310
+ Reactome:288322
+ Reactome:237974
+ Reactome:255562
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ methionine metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:met
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
+ methionine and threonine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ methionine and threonine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-adenosylmethionine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-adenosylmethionine anabolism
+ S-adenosyl methionine biosynthetic process
+ S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
+ biological_process
+ S-adenosyl methionine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ S-adenosylmethionine synthesis
+ MetaCyc:SAM-PWY
+ SAM biosynthetic process
+ S-adenosylmethionine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-adenosylmethioninamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-adenosylmethioninamine anabolism
+ GO:0006745
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt.
+ biological_process
+ S-adenosylmethioninamine biosynthesis
+ S-adenosylmethioninamine formation
+ S-adenosylmethioninamine synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-phenylalanine metabolic process
+
+ L-phenylalanine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ phenylalanine metabolism
+ phenylalanine metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-phenylalanine catabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:280426
+ L-phenylalanine catabolism
+ Reactome:221367
+ Reactome:255536
+ Reactome:289775
+ phenylalanine catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:262285
+ Reactome:273947
+ Reactome:291745
+ Reactome:230005
+ Reactome:286441
+ Reactome:71182
+ Reactome:293648
+ Reactome:244640
+ Reactome:292352
+ phenylalanine catabolism
+ Reactome:265139
+ Reactome:238024
+ Reactome:211591
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
+ Reactome:268263
+ biological_process
+ L-phenylalanine degradation
+ Reactome:249576
+ Reactome:259020
+ L-phenylalanine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proline metabolic process
+
+ proline metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proline biosynthetic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3341
+ Reactome:291729
+ Reactome:265244
+ Reactome:252482
+ Reactome:262403
+ Reactome:255646
+ Reactome:221606
+ Reactome:290371
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:293708
+ Reactome:259038
+ Reactome:268371
+ Reactome:286570
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
+ proline biosynthesis
+ Reactome:292391
+ Reactome:244814
+ Reactome:274081
+ Reactome:288288
+ proline anabolism
+ proline synthesis
+ Reactome:230204
+ Reactome:289822
+ Reactome:280555
+ Reactome:70665
+ Reactome:238240
+ proline formation
+ Reactome:249711
+ MetaCyc:PROSYN-PWY
+ Reactome:211841
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proline catabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:221579
+ Reactome:280538
+ Reactome:274063
+ Reactome:238215
+ Reactome:286555
+ proline degradation
+ Reactome:244794
+ biological_process
+ proline breakdown
+ Reactome:230180
+ Reactome:289815
+ proline catabolism
+ Reactome:265228
+ Reactome:70688
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:249695
+ Reactome:252468
+ Reactome:211813
+ Reactome:290359
+ Reactome:262391
+ Reactome:292385
+ Reactome:291721
+ Reactome:293700
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline (pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid), a chiral, cyclic, nonessential alpha-amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
+ Reactome:268353
+ Reactome:255630
+ Reactome:259023
+ Reactome:288277
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-serine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-serine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-serine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ L-serine synthesis
+ L-serine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
+ L-serine anabolism
+ L-serine formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:SERSYN-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-serine catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:SERDEG-PWY
+ L-serine degradation
+ L-serine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ L-serine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ threonine metabolic process
+
+ threonine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ methionine and threonine metabolic process
+ methionine and threonine metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:met
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ threonine catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:THREOCAT-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ threonine catabolism
+ threonine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ threonine degradation
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:met
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tryptophan metabolic process
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Tryptophan
+ tryptophan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tryptophan catabolic process
+
+
+
+ Reactome:221355
+ Reactome:265135
+ gosubset_prok
+ tryptophan degradation
+ tryptophan breakdown
+ Reactome:244813
+ tryptophan catabolism
+ Reactome:258901
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan, the chiral amino acid 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:252377
+ Reactome:255533
+ tryptophan catabolism, using tryptophanase
+ tryptophan catabolic process, using tryptophanase
+ Reactome:268370
+ Reactome:249566
+ Reactome:229995
+ Reactome:211579
+ Reactome:238013
+ Reactome:286433
+ Reactome:71240
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tyr
+ Wikipedia:Tyrosine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ tyrosine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ tyrosine biosynthesis
+ tyrosine synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3461
+ gosubset_prok
+ tyrosine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
+ tyrosine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ tyrosine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine, an aromatic amino acid, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid.
+ tyrosine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ tyrosine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ valine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ valine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ valine catabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:292372
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:265180
+ Reactome:280478
+ Reactome:252422
+ Reactome:290377
+ Reactome:238114
+ Reactome:230092
+ valine breakdown
+ Reactome:244712
+ valine catabolism
+ valine degradation
+ Reactome:249629
+ Reactome:221465
+ Reactome:70894
+ Reactome:273998
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.
+ Reactome:211694
+ Reactome:268308
+ Reactome:286496
+ Reactome:288253
+ Reactome:289797
+ Reactome:258959
+ MetaCyc:VALDEG-PWY
+ Reactome:293678
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:255583
+ Reactome:262332
+ Reactome:291702
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid derivative metabolic process
+
+ amino acid derivative metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biogenic amine metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
+ biogenic amine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ betaine metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.
+ betaine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ betaine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ betaine formation
+ betaine anabolism
+ betaine biosynthesis
+ betaine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ betaine catabolic process
+
+
+ betaine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ betaine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ betaine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanolamine metabolic process
+
+
+ ethanolamine metabolism
+ GO:0006645
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetylcholine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ acetylcholine catabolism
+ acetylcholine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.
+ acetylcholine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanin metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.
+ melanin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanin biosynthetic process from tyrosine
+
+
+ melanin synthesis from tyrosine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ melanin anabolism from tyrosine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin from other compounds, including tyrosine.
+ melanin formation from tyrosine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catecholamine metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ catecholamine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dopamine biosynthetic process from tyrosine
+
+
+ dopamine synthesis from tyrosine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine) from L-tyrosine, via the metabolic precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa). Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine.
+ dopamine formation from tyrosine
+ dopamine anabolism from tyrosine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indolalkylamine metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
+ indolamine metabolism
+ indolamine metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ indolalkylamine metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin biosynthetic process from tryptophan
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation from tryptophan of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
+ serotonin synthesis from tryptophan
+ serotonin anabolism from tryptophan
+ serotonin formation from tryptophan
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tryptophan hydroxylase activation
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the tryptophan 5-monooxygenase enzyme is changed so that it can carry out its enzymatic activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octopamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ octopamine anabolism
+ octopamine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ octopamine formation
+ octopamine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepihephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyroid hormone generation
+
+ Note that this term does not fall under the general GO definition for biosynthetic processes, which is 'The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of... ', because thyroid hormones can only be formed by the proteolysis of a larger molecule (see term definition). The word 'generation' is therefore used in place of biosynthesis.
+ The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ornithine metabolic process
+
+ Reactome:289792
+ Reactome:255569
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:268295
+ Reactome:221425
+ Reactome:290345
+ Reactome:238078
+ Reactome:282779
+ Reactome:244689
+ ornithine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:291694
+ Reactome:286477
+ Reactome:273976
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.
+ Reactome:280455
+ Reactome:211653
+ Reactome:230058
+ Reactome:258944
+ Reactome:265169
+ Reactome:70693
+ Reactome:262317
+ Reactome:292367
+ Reactome:288244
+ Reactome:293671
+ Reactome:249614
+ Reactome:252410
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ornithine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.
+ ornithine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ ornithine synthesis
+ ornithine anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ ornithine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ornithine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, an amino acid only rarely found in proteins, but which is important in living organisms as an intermediate in the reactions of the urea cycle and in arginine biosynthesis.
+ ornithine breakdown
+ ornithine catabolism
+ ornithine degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyamine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ polyamine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyamine formation
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:POLYAMSYN-PWY
+ polyamine biosynthesis
+ polyamine anabolism
+ polyamine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ spermine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ spermine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.
+ spermine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ spermine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyamine catabolic process
+
+
+ polyamine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyamines, any organic compound containing two or more amino groups.
+ biological_process
+ polyamine breakdown
+ polyamine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphagen metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.
+ biological_process
+ phosphagen metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ creatine metabolic process
+
+
+
+ Reactome:221424
+ Reactome:238077
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:258943
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatine (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine), a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.
+ Reactome:71288
+ creatine metabolism
+ Reactome:255635
+ Reactome:252473
+ Reactome:274068
+ Reactome:262395
+ Reactome:268358
+ Reactome:211652
+ Reactome:230057
+ Reactome:280543
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ creatine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of creatine (N-(aminoiminomethyl)-N-methylglycine), a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.
+ creatine formation
+ creatine biosynthesis
+ creatine anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ creatine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ creatinine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.
+ creatinine degradation
+ creatinine catabolism
+ creatinine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphocreatine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine present in high concentration in striated muscle which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase to buffer ATP concentration. It acts as an immediate energy reserve for muscle.
+ phosphocreatine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoarginine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ phosphoarginine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphoarginine, a phosphagen of L-arginine with phosphoric acid containing the phosphoamide bond. It is a source of energy in the contraction of muscle in invertebrates, corresponding to phosphocreatine in the muscles of vertebrates.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting
+
+ goslim_pombe
+ Wikipedia:Protein_targeting
+ nascent polypeptide association
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein sorting along secretory pathway
+ biological_process
+ The process of targeting specific proteins to particular membrane-bounded subcellular organelles. Usually requires an organelle specific protein sequence motif.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein nucleus import
+ protein import into cell nucleus
+ protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
+ Reactome:208668
+ protein targeting to nucleus
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:170796
+ Reactome:235532
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NLS-bearing substrate import into nucleus
+
+ NLS-bearing substrate transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ NLS-bearing substrate import into cell nucleus
+ NLS-bearing substrate-nucleus import
+ The directed movement of a protein bearing a nuclear localization signal (NLS) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP protein import into nucleus
+
+ snRNP protein-nucleus import
+ snRNP protein import into cell nucleus
+ The directed movement of a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+ biological_process
+ snRNP protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA-binding (hnRNP) protein import into nucleus
+
+ mRNA-binding (hnRNP) protein-nucleus import
+ mRNA-binding (hnRNP) protein import into cell nucleus
+ biological_process
+ mRNA-binding (hnRNP) protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ The directed movement of a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal protein import into nucleus
+
+ ribosomal protein-nucleus import
+ ribosomal protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ The directed movement of a ribosomal protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+ biological_process
+ ribosomal protein import into cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein export from nucleus
+
+
+ Reactome:208674
+ The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
+ protein export out of nucleus
+ Reactome:170825
+ protein export from cell nucleus
+ Reactome:235538
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:218326
+ protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ Reactome:242757
+ Reactome:227213
+ protein-nucleus export
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting to membrane
+
+ protein membrane targeting
+ protein-membrane targeting
+ The process of directing proteins towards a membrane, usually using signals contained within the protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
+
+ cotranslational membrane targeting
+ biological_process
+ The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation. The transport of most secretory proteins, particularly those with more than 100 amino acids, into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen occurs in this manner, as does the import of some proteins into mitochondria.
+ cotranslational protein-membrane targeting
+ cotranslational protein membrane targeting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
+
+
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational membrane targeting
+ biological_process
+ The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs during translation and is dependent upon two key components, the signal-recognition particle (SRP) and the SRP receptor. SRP is a cytosolic particle that transiently binds to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signal sequence in a nascent protein, to the large ribosomal unit, and to the SRP receptor in the ER membrane.
+ ER translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational membrane targeting, docking
+ protein docking during SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
+ The process by which an SRP-bound ribosome forms a complex with the SRP receptor in the ER membrane, allowing the ribosome to bind to the membrane, during cotranslational membrane targeting.
+ biological_process
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting, docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER translocation
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting, translocation
+ biological_process
+ translocation during SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational membrane targeting, translocation
+ The process during cotranslational membrane targeting wherein proteins move across a membrane. SRP and its receptor initiate the transfer of the nascent chain across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane; they then dissociate from the chain, which is transferred to a set of transmembrane proteins, collectively called the translocon. Once the nascent chain translocon complex is assembled, the elongating chain passes directly from the large ribosomal subunit into the centers of the translocon, a protein-lined channel within the membrane. The growing chain is never exposed to the cytosol and does not fold until it reaches the ER lumen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence recognition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ signal sequence recognition during SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational membrane targeting, signal sequence recognition
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting, signal sequence recognition
+ The process by which SRP binds to the signal peptide in a nascent protein, causing protein elongation to pause, during cotranslational membrane targeting.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, signal sequence processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational protein-membrane targeting, signal sequence processing
+ biological_process
+ signal sequence processing during SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane
+ The removal of the signal peptide from a nascent protein during cotranslational membrane targeting.
+ SRP-dependent cotranslational membrane targeting, signal sequence processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posttranslational protein targeting to membrane
+
+
+ posttranslational protein-membrane targeting
+ The targeting of proteins to a membrane that occurs after their translation. Some secretory proteins exhibit posttranslational transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen: they are synthesized in their entirety on free cytosolic ribosomes and then released into the cytosol, where they are bound by chaperones which keep them in an unfolded state, and subsequently are translocated across the ER membrane.
+ posttranslational protein membrane targeting
+ biological_process
+ SRP-independent protein-membrane targeting
+ posttranslational membrane targeting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein retention in ER lumen
+
+ The retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of soluble resident proteins. Sorting receptors retrieve proteins with ER localization signals, such as KDEL and HDEL sequences or some transmembrane domains, that have escaped to the cis-Golgi network and return them to the ER. Abnormally folded proteins and unassembled subunits are also selectively retained in the ER.
+ maintenance of protein location in ER lumen
+ retention of protein in ER
+ biological_process
+ protein-endoplasmic reticulum retention
+ retention of protein in endoplasmic reticulum
+ protein-ER retention
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting to lysosome
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of directing proteins towards the lysosome using signals contained within the protein.
+ protein-lysosome targeting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting to vacuole
+
+
+ biological_process
+ protein-vacuole targeting
+ protein vacuolar targeting
+ The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole, usually using signals contained within the protein.
+ protein-vacuolar targeting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar protein processing
+
+ vacuolar proteolysis
+ The posttranslational modification of proteins in the vacuole, including proteolytic cleavage of precursors to form active enzymes.
+ biological_process
+ vacuolar protein maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting to peroxisome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of directing proteins towards the peroxisome, usually using signals contained within the protein.
+ biological_process
+ protein-peroxisome targeting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting to mitochondrion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting to mitochondria
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrial protein import
+ protein import into mitochondrion
+ mitochondrial translocation
+ The process of directing proteins towards and into the mitochondrion, usually mediated by mitochondrial proteins that recognize signals contained within the imported protein.
+ GO:0043681
+ protein-mitochondrial targeting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial protein processing during import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cleavage of proteins, usually near the N terminus, during the process of import into the mitochondrion; several different peptidases mediate cleavage of proteins destined for different mitochondrial compartments.
+ mitochondrial processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid metabolic process
+
+ Reactome:282852
+ goslim_candida
+ Reactome:230304
+ Reactome:244894
+ Reactome:268417
+ Reactome:280613
+ lipid metabolism
+ Reactome:286671
+ Reactome:221714
+ goslim_pombe
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Lipid_metabolism
+ Reactome:255713
+ Reactome:288319
+ Reactome:249787
+ Reactome:259099
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:252529
+ Reactome:289875
+ Reactome:290413
+ goslim_plant
+ Reactome:262464
+ Reactome:292446
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
+ Reactome:274140
+ Reactome:73923
+ Reactome:238336
+ goslim_generic
+ Reactome:291758
+ goslim_yeast
+ Reactome:265294
+ Reactome:293732
+ Reactome:211949
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid metabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:242340
+ Reactome:267118
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
+ Reactome:207636
+ Reactome:272214
+ Reactome:278210
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:247601
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:76466
+ Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_metabolism
+ fatty acid metabolism
+ Reactome:217132
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:FASYN-INITIAL-PWY
+ GO:0000037
+ fatty acid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ fatty acid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
+ fatty acid biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5156
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4381
+ fatty acid formation
+ Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexadecanal biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde.
+ hexadecanal synthesis
+ hexadecanal formation
+ hexadecanal biosynthesis
+ palmitaldehyde biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ hexadecanal anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ palmitaldehyde biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid beta-oxidation
+
+
+ Reactome:230202
+ Reactome:247389
+ Reactome:229389
+ Reactome:220631
+ Reactome:229381
+ Reactome:237395
+ The metabolic oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the fatty acid is shortened by a two-carbon fragment removed as acetyl coenzyme A.
+ Reactome:238167
+ Reactome:235965
+ Reactome:227736
+ Reactome:255267
+ Reactome:243139
+ Reactome:249130
+ Reactome:273504
+ Reactome:242015
+ Reactome:293767
+ Reactome:230396
+ Reactome:207162
+ Reactome:210740
+ Reactome:237408
+ Reactome:286710
+ Reactome:220706
+ Reactome:210841
+ Reactome:109998
+ Reactome:220691
+ Reactome:274213
+ Reactome:268368
+ Reactome:77288
+ Reactome:209200
+ Reactome:77289
+ Reactome:109339
+ Reactome:249663
+ Reactome:265366
+ Reactome:249839
+ Reactome:210856
+ Reactome:280581
+ Reactome:280682
+ Reactome:268473
+ Reactome:244960
+ Reactome:221800
+ Reactome:293500
+ Reactome:293509
+ Reactome:237300
+ Reactome:109343
+ Reactome:259074
+ Reactome:244757
+ Reactome:274108
+ Reactome:293508
+ Reactome:267955
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:109341
+ Reactome:109342
+ Reactome:212036
+ Reactome:216731
+ Reactome:267507
+ Reactome:291790
+ Reactome:211757
+ Reactome:234264
+ Reactome:259175
+ Reactome:252064
+ Reactome:238413
+ Reactome:252445
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:229307
+ Reactome:255679
+ Reactome:252572
+ Reactome:293718
+ Reactome:279976
+ Reactome:221524
+ Reactome:251206
+ Reactome:255782
+ Reactome:289872
+ Reactome:218933
+ Reactome:258563
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ unsaturated fatty acid formation
+ unsaturated fatty acid synthesis
+ fatty acid desaturation
+ unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis
+ unsaturated fatty acid anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-782
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-762
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acyl-CoA metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.
+ acyl-CoA metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutral lipid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.
+ biological_process
+ neutral lipid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acylglycerol metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ glyceride metabolic process
+ glyceride metabolism
+ biological_process
+ acylglycerol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ monoglyceride biosynthesis
+ monoglyceride biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.
+ gosubset_prok
+ monoacylglycerol anabolism
+ monoacylglycerol synthesis
+ monoacylglycerol biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ monoacylglycerol formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triglyceride metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ triglyceride metabolism
+ triacylglycerol metabolic process
+ triacylglycerol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triglyceride mobilization
+
+ triacylglycerol mobilization
+ biological_process
+ The release of triglycerides, any triester of glycerol, from storage within cells or tissues, making them available for metabolism.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane lipid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
+ membrane lipid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
+ phospholipid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.
+ biological_process
+ phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis
+ phosphatidylethanolamine anabolism
+ phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis
+ phosphatidylethanolamine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine anabolism
+ phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine formation
+ PMME biosynthetic process
+ phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine synthesis
+ PMME biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), a derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a methylated amine group.
+ phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dihydrosphingosine-1-P pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipid transfer to membrane
+
+ The transfer of a phospholipid from its site of synthesis to the plasma membrane.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerophospholipid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
+ glycerophospholipid metabolism
+ phosphoglyceride metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphoglyceride metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ diacylglycerol synthesis
+ diacylglycerol anabolism
+ biological_process
+ diacylglycerol biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diacylglycerol, a glycerol molecule substituted on the 1 and 2 hydroxyl groups with long chain fatty acyl residues.
+ gosubset_prok
+ diacylglycerol formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-glycerophosphate pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lecithin metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ lecithin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lecithin, any 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphatidic acid biosynthesis
+ phosphatidic acid anabolism
+ phosphatidic acid synthesis
+ phosphatidic acid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.
+ phosphatidylglycerol formation
+ phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
+ phosphatidylglycerol anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphatidylglycerol synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
+ phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphatidylcholine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ phosphatidylcholine anabolism
+ phosphatidylcholine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CDP-choline pathway
+
+ The formation of phosphatidylcholines via the combination of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylserine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ phosphatidylserine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine. They are important constituents of cell membranes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylserine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ phosphatidylserine formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.
+ phosphatidylserine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphatidylserine synthesis
+ phosphatidylserine anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylserine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylserines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of L-serine.
+ phosphatidylserine breakdown
+ phosphatidylserine degradation
+ biological_process
+ phosphatidylserine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
+ PtdIns biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphatidylinositol synthesis
+ phosphatidylinositol formation
+ phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis
+ PtdIns biosynthesis
+ phosphatidylinositol anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol ether metabolic process
+
+ glycerol ether metabolism
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet activating factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+ PAF biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.
+ platelet activating factor synthesis
+ platelet activating factor biosynthesis
+ platelet activating factor anabolism
+ PAF biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ platelet activating factor formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycolipid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycolipid metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingolipid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ sphingolipid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-keto-sphinganine metabolic process
+
+
+
+ 3-keto-dihydrosphingosine metabolism
+ 3-keto-dihydrosphingosine metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-keto-sphinganine, a derivative of sphinganine with a ketone group at C3. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of sphingosine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ 3-keto-sphinganine metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphinganine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
+ dihydrosphingosine metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ dihydrosphingosine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ sphinganine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphinganine-1-phosphate metabolic process
+
+ dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
+ biological_process
+ sphinganine-1-phosphate metabolism
+ dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphinganine-1-phosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ sphinganine-1-phosphate anabolism
+ sphinganine-1-phosphate formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ sphinganine-1-phosphate biosynthesis
+ dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate biosynthesis
+ sphinganine-1-phosphate synthesis
+ dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingosine metabolic process
+
+
+
+ sphing-4-enine metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ (4E)-sphing-4-enine metabolic process
+ sphing-4-enine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.
+ sphingosine metabolism
+ (4E)-sphing-4-enine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytosphingosine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytosphingosine, (2S,3S,4R)-2-amino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol, a constituent of many plant sphingolipids.
+ biological_process
+ phytosphingosine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ceramide metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.
+ biological_process
+ ceramide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositolphosphoceramide metabolic process
+
+
+ inositolphosphoceramide metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositolphosphoceramides, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol phosphorylceramide metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ inositol phosphorylceramide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphorylceramides, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide moiety. The phosphate-containing moiety is the trivalent -P(O)= and the ceramide moiety of this lipid consists of phytosphingosine and a hydroxy C26 fatty acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannose inositol phosphoceramide metabolic process
+
+ MIPC metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ mannose-inositol-P-ceramide (MIPC) metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannose inositol phosphoceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide moiety which contains a phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.
+ mannose inositol phosphoceramide metabolism
+ MIPC metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ mannose-inositol-P-ceramide (MIPC) metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannosyl diphosphorylinositol ceramide metabolic process
+
+ M(IP)2C metabolism
+ M(IP)2C metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ mannosyl diphosphorylinositol ceramide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosyl diphosphorylinositol ceramide, any lipid with a phosphodiester bridge between an inositol residue and the ceramide moiety which contains two phosphoryl (-P(O)=) groups and a mannose derivative.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosylceramide metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycosylceramide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosylceramide metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glucosylceramide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group. They are neutral glycolipids containing equimolar amounts of fatty acid, glucose, and sphingosine or a sphingosine derivative.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group.
+ glucosylceramide anabolism
+ biological_process
+ glucosylceramide biosynthesis
+ glucosylceramide formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucosylceramide synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosylceramide catabolic process
+
+
+ glucosylceramide breakdown
+ glucosylceramide degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of glucose by a ceramide group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucosylceramide catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactosylceramide metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.
+ galactosylceramide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactosylceramide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ galactosylceramide biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ galactosylceramide formation
+ galactosylceramide synthesis
+ galactosylceramide anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactosylceramide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ galactosylceramide breakdown
+ galactosylceramide catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of galactose by a ceramide group.
+ galactosylceramide degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingomyelin metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ sphingomyelin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine, any of a class of phospholipids in which the amino group of sphingosine is in amide linkage with one of several fatty acids, while the terminal hydroxyl group of sphingosine is esterified to phosphorylcholine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingomyelin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ sphingomyelin degradation
+ sphingomyelin breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.
+ sphingomyelin catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingomyelin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ sphingomyelin anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ sphingomyelin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ sphingomyelin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingomyelin, N-acyl-4-sphingenyl-1-O-phosphorylcholine.
+ sphingomyelin synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosphingolipid metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
+ glycosphingolipid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosphingolipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ glycosphingolipid biosynthesis
+ glycosphingolipid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
+ biological_process
+ glycosphingolipid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycosphingolipid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ganglioside catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ganglioside breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ganglioside, a ceramide oligosaccharide carrying, in addition to other sugar residues, one or more sialic residues.
+ ganglioside degradation
+ ganglioside catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ icosanoid metabolic process
+
+ eicosanoid metabolism
+ eicosanoid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ icosanoid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukotriene metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ leukotriene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostanoid metabolic process
+
+ prostanoid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostaglandin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.
+ gosubset_prok
+ prostaglandin metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus; includes de novo formation and steroid interconversion by modification.
+ steroid biosynthesis
+ steroid anabolism
+ steroid formation
+ steroidogenesis
+ biological_process
+ steroid synthesis
+ Wikipedia:Steroid_metabolisms
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ cholesterol anabolism
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:255548
+ cholesterol formation
+ Reactome:265194
+ Reactome:289781
+ Reactome:230028
+ Reactome:262347
+ cholesterol biosynthesis
+ Reactome:258923
+ Reactome:290352
+ Reactome:274015
+ Reactome:244661
+ Reactome:291728
+ Reactome:252392
+ Reactome:191273
+ Reactome:238046
+ Reactome:221394
+ Reactome:211620
+ Reactome:249645
+ Reactome:286456
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
+ Reactome:268274
+ cholesterol synthesis
+ Reactome:293706
+ Reactome:280493
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ergosterol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ergosterol anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ ergosterol biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds.
+ ergosterol formation
+ ergosterol synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.
+ ecdysone synthesis
+ ecdysone formation
+ biological_process
+ ecdysone biosynthesis
+ ecdysone anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bile acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ bile acid anabolism
+ bile acid formation
+ bile acid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
+ bile acid synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ C21-steroid hormone anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.
+ C21-steroid hormone biosynthesis
+ C21-steroid hormone formation
+ C21-steroid hormone synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progesterone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ progesterone biosynthesis
+ progesterone synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.
+ progesterone formation
+ progesterone anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ androgen biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
+ androgen biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ androgen anabolism
+ androgen synthesis
+ androgen formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ estrogen biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
+ estrogen formation
+ estrogen anabolism
+ oestrogen biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ estrogen synthesis
+ estrogen biosynthesis
+ oestrogen biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ glucocorticoid formation
+ biological_process
+ glucocorticoid synthesis
+ glucocorticoid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
+ glucocorticoid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mineralocorticoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
+ mineralocorticoid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ mineralocorticoid biosynthesis
+ mineralocorticoid formation
+ mineralocorticoid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid catabolic process
+
+
+ steroid catabolism
+ steroid breakdown
+ steroid degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol catabolic process
+
+
+ cholesterol catabolism
+ cholesterol breakdown
+ cholesterol degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysone catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects.
+ ecdysone catabolism
+ ecdysone breakdown
+ ecdysone degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progesterone catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.
+ progesterone breakdown
+ progesterone degradation
+ progesterone catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ androgen catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ androgen degradation
+ androgen catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
+ androgen breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ estrogen catabolic process
+
+
+
+ oestrogen catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ estrogen degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
+ estrogen breakdown
+ estrogen catabolism
+ oestrogen catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mineralocorticoid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ mineralocorticoid degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
+ mineralocorticoid breakdown
+ mineralocorticoid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucocorticoid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ glucocorticoid catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol.
+ glucocorticoid degradation
+ biological_process
+ glucocorticoid breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sesquiterpenoid metabolic process
+
+
+ sesquiterpenoid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ farnesol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ farnesol biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.
+ farnesol synthesis
+ farnesol formation
+ farnesol anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ juvenile hormone metabolic process
+
+
+ juvenile hormone metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ juvenile hormone synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
+ juvenile hormone formation
+ biological_process
+ juvenile hormone biosynthesis
+ juvenile hormone anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ juvenile hormone catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ juvenile hormone catabolism
+ juvenile hormone degradation
+ juvenile hormone breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoprenoid metabolic process
+
+ isoprenoid metabolism
+ polyterpene metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid compounds, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
+ polyisoprenoid metabolism
+ polyterpene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyisoprenoid metabolic process
+ GO:0016096
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terpenoid metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and including derivatives with various functional groups.
+ gosubset_prok
+ terpenoid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triterpenoid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ triterpene metabolic process
+ triterpenoid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.
+ triterpene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle hydrocarbon biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle hydrocarbon anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrocarbons that make up the cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.
+ cuticle hydrocarbon synthesis
+ cuticle hydrocarbon biosynthesis
+ cuticle hydrocarbon formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular aromatic compound metabolic process
+
+ aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic process
+ aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic compounds, any organic compound characterized by one or more planar rings, each of which contains conjugated double bonds and delocalized pi electrons, as carried out by individual cells.
+ aromatic compound metabolism
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye pigment biosynthetic process
+
+
+ eye pigment biosynthesis
+ eye pigment formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.
+ eye pigment synthesis
+ eye pigment anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ommochrome biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.
+ ommochrome formation
+ ommochrome anabolism
+ ommochrome biosynthesis
+ ommochrome synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pteridine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ pteridine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.
+ pteridine synthesis
+ pterin biosynthetic process
+ pterin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ pteridine anabolism
+ pteridine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis
+ tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis
+ tetrahydrobiopterin formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ tetrahydrobiopterin anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ one-carbon compound metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ one carbon compound metabolism
+ goslim_pir
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:C1cyc
+ one-carbon compound metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds containing a single carbon atom.
+ one carbon compound metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme metabolic process
+
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ coenzyme metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ oxidoreduction coenzyme metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzymes that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an oxidoreductase reaction to proceed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADH metabolic process
+
+ reduced NAD metabolism
+ NADH metabolism
+ NAD (reduced) metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
+ reduced NAD metabolic process
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
+ NAD (reduced) metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADH regeneration
+
+ reduced NAD regeneration
+ NAD (reduced) regeneration
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinamide riboside catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nicotinamide riboside catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
+ nicotinamide riboside breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ nicotinamide riboside degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADP metabolic process
+
+ NADP (oxidized) metabolism
+ NADP metabolism
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism
+ NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolic process
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolic process
+ NADP (reduced) metabolic process
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism
+ reduced NADP metabolism
+ NADPH metabolic process
+ NADPH metabolism
+ NADP (oxidized) metabolic process
+ oxidized NADP metabolism
+ oxidized NADP metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; metabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.
+ biological_process
+ reduced NADP metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolism
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate metabolic process
+ NADP (reduced) metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADPH regeneration
+
+ NADP (reduced) regeneration
+ reduced NADP regeneration
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ NADP synthesis
+ reduced NADP biosynthesis
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthetic process
+ NADPH biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthesis
+ NADP biosynthesis
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthesis
+ NADP (oxidized) biosynthesis
+ NADP formation
+ oxidized NADP biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ NADP anabolism
+ NADP (reduced) biosynthesis
+ NADP (reduced) biosynthetic process
+ reduced NADP biosynthetic process
+ oxidized NADP biosynthesis
+ NADPH biosynthetic process
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthetic process
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate biosynthetic process
+ NADP (oxidized) biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADP catabolic process
+
+
+ NADPH catabolism
+ NADP (reduced) catabolism
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.
+ oxidized NADP catabolic process
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ NADPH catabolic process
+ NADP (oxidized) catabolic process
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolic process
+ oxidized NADP catabolism
+ reduced NADP catabolism
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ NADP (oxidized) catabolism
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolism
+ NADP catabolism
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate catabolic process
+ NADP (reduced) catabolic process
+ NADP degradation
+ NADP breakdown
+ reduced NADP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquinone metabolic process
+
+
+ coenzyme Q6 metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
+ coenzyme Q metabolism
+ coenzyme Q metabolic process
+ ubiquinone metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ coenzyme Q6 metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquinone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ubiquinone synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
+ coenzyme Q8 biosynthetic process
+ ubiquinone biosynthesis
+ ubiquinone formation
+ coenzyme Q9 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis
+ coenzyme Q10 biosynthetic process
+ coenzyme Q9 biosynthetic process
+ coenzyme Q6 biosynthetic process
+ coenzyme Q biosynthesis
+ coenzyme Q biosynthetic process
+ ubiquinone anabolism
+ coenzyme Q8 biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:UBISYN-PWY
+ coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FADH2 metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the reduced form of flavin-adenine dinucleotide.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ FADH2 metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FAD biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
+ flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ flavin-adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ FAD formation
+ FAD anabolism
+ flavin-adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
+ FAD biosynthesis
+ FAD synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoamide metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoamide, the functional form of lipoic acid in which the carboxyl group is attached to protein by an amide linkage to a lysine amino group.
+ lipoamide metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutathione metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins; it has a specific role in the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate, and it participates in the gamma-glutamyl cycle.
+ gosubset_prok
+ oxidized glutathione reduction
+ glutathione metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutathione biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ glutathione formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ glutathione synthesis
+ MetaCyc:GLUTATHIONESYN-PWY
+ glutathione anabolism
+ glutathione biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutathione catabolic process
+
+
+
+ glutathione degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glutathione breakdown
+ glutathione catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ group transfer coenzyme metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ group transfer coenzyme metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside phosphate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any phosphorylated nucleoside.
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleoside phosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ Reactome:204646
+ ATP formation
+ Reactome:224346
+ ATP biosynthesis
+ Reactome:205713
+ Reactome:213726
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:231946
+ Reactome:239869
+ Reactome:223471
+ ATP synthesis
+ Reactome:241125
+ Reactome:246059
+ Reactome:232930
+ Reactome:246657
+ ATP anabolism
+ Reactome:164840
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
+ Reactome:164832
+ Reactome:215073
+ GO:0006758
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AMP phosphorylation
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into AMP, adenosine monophosphate, to produce ADP. Addition of two phosphate groups produces ATP.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ADP phosphorylation
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into ADP, adenosine diphosphate, to produce ATP.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP regeneration
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ folic acid and derivative metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin B9 and derivative metabolism
+ biological_process
+ folate and derivative metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin M and derivative metabolism
+ folic acid and derivative metabolism
+ folate and derivative metabolic process
+ vitamin B9 and derivative metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid and its derivatives.
+ vitamin M and derivative metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dihydrofolate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dihydrofolate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.
+ 7,8-dihydrofolate biosynthesis
+ dihydrofolate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ dihydrofolate synthesis
+ dihydrofolate biosynthesis
+ 7,8-dihydrofolate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin metabolic process
+
+ goslim_pombe
+ goslim_yeast
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_pir
+ vitamin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamins. Vitamin is a general term for a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body. Vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble and usually serve as components of coenzyme systems.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ water-soluble vitamin metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ water-soluble vitamin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biotin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.
+ vitamin H metabolic process
+ Wikipedia:Biotin
+ biotin metabolism
+ vitamin H metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin B7 metabolism
+ vitamin B7 metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinamide metabolic process
+
+ vitamin B3 metabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5083
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide, pyridine-3-carboxamide, the amide of nicotinic acid. It is a member of the B complex of vitamins and occurs widely in living organisms.
+ niacin metabolism
+ nicotinamide metabolism
+ niacin metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ vitamin B3 metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ riboflavin metabolic process
+
+ vitamin G metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ riboflavin metabolism
+ vitamin G metabolism
+ vitamin B2 metabolic process
+ Wikipedia:Riboflavin
+ vitamin B2 metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin metabolic process
+
+ vitamin B1 metabolic process
+ Wikipedia:Thiamine
+ thiamine metabolism
+ vitamin B1 metabolism
+ thiamine metabolic process
+ thiamin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamin (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fat-soluble vitamin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.
+ biological_process
+ fat-soluble vitamin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin A metabolic process
+
+ vitamin A metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ Mo-molybdopterin cofactor anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Mo-molybdopterin cofactor synthesis
+ molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic process
+ Moco biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
+ Mo-molybdopterin cofactor formation
+ Moco biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5354
+ Mo-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ porphyrin metabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:189445
+ Reactome:268438
+ Reactome:259119
+ Reactome:211983
+ Reactome:291767
+ porphyrin metabolism
+ Reactome:238365
+ Reactome:265308
+ Reactome:292417
+ Wikipedia:Porphyrin
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrins consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
+ Reactome:221747
+ Reactome:252549
+ Reactome:290388
+ Reactome:274151
+ Reactome:280624
+ Reactome:293743
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:289847
+ Reactome:262477
+ Reactome:255726
+ Reactome:288330
+ Reactome:244922
+ Reactome:230328
+ Reactome:286643
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:249883
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ porphyrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
+ porphyrin formation
+ porphyrin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ porphyrin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ porphyrin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uroporphyrinogen III biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uroporphyrinogen III anabolism
+ uroporphyrinogen III synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uroporphyrinogen III.
+ uroporphyrinogen III formation
+ uroporphyrinogen III biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ succinyl-CoA pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biosynthesis of protoporphyrin IX via succinyl-CoA
+ The chemical reactions that utilize succinyl-CoA in the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX.
+ biosynthetic process of protoporphyrin IX via succinyl-CoA
+ biosynthesis of protoporphyrin IX via succinyl CoA
+ biosynthetic process of protoporphyrin IX via succinyl CoA
+ biological_process
+ succinyl CoA pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protoporphyrinogen IX anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX.
+ biological_process
+ protoporphyrinogen IX synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthesis
+ protoporphyrinogen IX formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:293665
+ Reactome:221408
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:230043
+ Reactome:189451
+ haem biosynthetic process
+ Reactome:268284
+ heme anabolism
+ Reactome:255559
+ Reactome:288237
+ heme formation
+ heme synthesis
+ Reactome:265158
+ Reactome:273965
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, from less complex precursors.
+ Reactome:291687
+ Reactome:238061
+ Reactome:252401
+ Reactome:262307
+ Reactome:292362
+ MetaCyc:HEMESYN2-PWY
+ Reactome:289786
+ Reactome:280444
+ heme biosynthesis
+ Reactome:286466
+ haem biosynthesis
+ Reactome:290342
+ Reactome:249768
+ Reactome:244675
+ Reactome:211636
+ Reactome:258933
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme a biosynthetic process
+
+
+ heme a biosynthesis
+ heme a synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ haem a biosynthetic process
+ heme a formation
+ heme a anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.
+ haem a biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme b biosynthetic process
+
+
+ heme b anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.
+ haem b biosynthetic process
+ heme b formation
+ heme b biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ haem b biosynthesis
+ heme b synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme c biosynthetic process
+
+
+ heme c anabolism
+ heme c biosynthesis
+ heme c formation
+ heme c synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ haem c biosynthetic process
+ haem c biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme c, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ porphyrin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any member of a large group of derivatives or analogs of porphyrin. Porphyrin consists of a ring of four pyrrole nuclei linked each to the next at their alpha positions through a methine group.
+ biological_process
+ porphyrin breakdown
+ porphyrin degradation
+ porphyrin catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in heme.
+ haem oxidation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bilirubin conjugation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfur metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ sulphur metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ sulphur metabolism
+ sulfur metabolism
+ Wikipedia:Sulfur_metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfur utilization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ sulphur utilization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sulfur utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.
+ regulation of sulphur utilization
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphorus metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphorus metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nonmetallic element phosphorus or compounds that contain phosphorus, usually in the form of a phosphate group (PO4).
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphorus utilization
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphorus utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphate metabolic process
+
+ phosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyphosphate metabolic process
+
+ polyphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.
+ polyphosphate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyphosphate breakdown
+ polyphosphate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ polyphosphate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyphosphate, the anion or salt of polyphosphoric acid.
+ polyphosphate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyphosphate formation
+ polyphosphate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolic process
+
+ oxygen and active oxygen species metabolism
+ oxygen and ROS metabolic process
+ oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolism
+ oxygen and AOS metabolism
+ oxygen and reactive oxygen intermediate metabolism
+ oxygen and reactive oxidative species metabolism
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ oxygen and ROI metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dioxygen (O2), or any of the reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (-OH).
+ biological_process
+ oxygen and ROS metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superoxide metabolic process
+
+ oxygen free radical metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.
+ biological_process
+ oxygen free radical metabolism
+ superoxide metabolism
+ superoxide free radical metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ superoxide free radical metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xenobiotic metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:288352
+ Reactome:274222
+ Reactome:177160
+ Reactome:177162
+ Reactome:244903
+ Reactome:211692
+ Reactome:230352
+ Reactome:224628
+ Reactome:238372
+ Reactome:159574
+ Reactome:249886
+ Reactome:274231
+ Reactome:259123
+ Reactome:210969
+ Reactome:221754
+ Reactome:293733
+ xenobiotic metabolism
+ Reactome:282894
+ Reactome:252616
+ Reactome:230336
+ Reactome:211957
+ Reactome:221687
+ Reactome:238460
+ Reactome:205900
+ Reactome:210971
+ Reactome:280691
+ Reactome:159567
+ Reactome:286684
+ Reactome:159566
+ Reactome:290420
+ Reactome:219821
+ Reactome:156587
+ Reactome:244929
+ Reactome:156580
+ Reactome:268425
+ Reactome:252605
+ Reactome:140192
+ Reactome:140191
+ Reactome:282919
+ Reactome:291792
+ Reactome:230430
+ Reactome:274142
+ Reactome:286712
+ Reactome:262541
+ Reactome:221774
+ Reactome:230418
+ Reactome:255787
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:209998
+ Reactome:220815
+ Reactome:220816
+ Reactome:177157
+ Reactome:229483
+ Wikipedia:Xenobiotic_metabolism
+ Reactome:249796
+ Reactome:215472
+ Reactome:159443
+ Reactome:238345
+ Reactome:265376
+ Reactome:286726
+ Reactome:265370
+ Reactome:291786
+ Reactome:255792
+ Reactome:215453
+ Reactome:262552
+ Reactome:211990
+ Reactome:292433
+ Reactome:221850
+ Reactome:291801
+ Reactome:230305
+ Reactome:211879
+ Reactome:268495
+ Reactome:230090
+ Reactome:221463
+ Reactome:282907
+ Reactome:177135
+ Reactome:293771
+ Reactome:262466
+ Reactome:280700
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:293777
+ Reactome:288380
+ Reactome:292441
+ Reactome:221858
+ Reactome:177128
+ Reactome:159424
+ Reactome:221644
+ Reactome:245001
+ Reactome:289873
+ goslim_pir
+ Reactome:205904
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to living organisms. Used of chemical compounds, e.g. a xenobiotic chemical, such as a pesticide.
+ Reactome:211922
+ Reactome:212099
+ Reactome:230274
+ Reactome:252581
+ Reactome:259107
+ Reactome:265343
+ Reactome:280615
+ Reactome:221722
+ Reactome:212092
+ Reactome:289869
+ Reactome:289884
+ Reactome:212010
+ Reactome:259185
+ Reactome:249900
+ Reactome:268507
+ Reactome:255801
+ Reactome:290404
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrogen compound metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ nitrogen compound metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds; includes nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and ammonium.
+ Note that amino acid and derivative metabolism should not be annotated here. Instead use the 'amino acid and derivative metabolism' node.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nitrogen utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ nitric oxide synthesis
+ nitric oxide biosynthesis
+ nitric oxide anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ nitric oxide formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transport
+
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_generic
+ The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells, or within a multicellular organism.
+ solute:solute exchange
+ gosubset_prok
+ Note that 'electron transport ; GO:0006118' is not a child of transport because electron transport is not a type of directed movement of substances.
+ goslim_goa
+ biological_process
+ small molecule transport
+ goslim_yeast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ion transport
+
+ The directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cation transport
+
+ The directed movement of cations, atoms or small molecules with a net positive charge, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ GO:0006819
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ potassium ion transport
+
+
+ potassium conductance
+ sodium/potassium transport
+ The directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ K+ conductance
+ potassium ion conductance
+ gosubset_prok
+ potassium transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sodium ion transport
+
+
+ sodium:solute transport
+ sodium/potassium transport
+ mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
+ gosubset_prok
+ sodium:calcium exchange
+ sodium transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ GO:0006834
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium ion transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of calcium (Ca) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
+ gosubset_prok
+ sodium:calcium exchange
+ biological_process
+ calcium transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of phosphate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogen transport
+
+ The directed movement of hydrogen (H2 or H+), into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anion transport
+
+ The directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ GO:0006822
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloride transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of chloride into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cobalt ion transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of cobalt (Co) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cobalt transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ copper ion transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron ion transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ iron transport
+ GO:0015681
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high-affinity iron ion transport
+
+ biological_process
+ high affinity iron ion transport
+ The directed, high-affinity movement of iron (Fe) ions into, out of, within or between cells. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ manganese ion transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of manganese (Mn) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zinc ion transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of zinc (Zn) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high-affinity zinc ion transport
+
+
+ The directed, high-affinity movement of zinc (Zn) ions into, out of, within or between cells. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low-affinity zinc ion transport
+
+
+ The directed, low-affinity movement of zinc (Zn) ions into, out of, within or between cells. In low affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is only present at very low concentrations.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ water transport
+
+ The directed movement of water (H2O) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dicarboxylic acid transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ sodium:dicarboxylate transport
+ GO:0006841
+ The directed movement of dicarboxylic acids into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter transport
+
+ sodium:neurotransmitter transport
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ The directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of, within or between cells. Neurotransmitters are any chemical substance that is capable of transmitting (or inhibiting the transmission of) a nerve impulse from a neuron to another cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin transport
+
+ The directed movement of serotonin into, out of, within or between cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial transport
+
+ Transport of substances into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
+ mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate/malate transport
+ mitochondrial sodium/calcium ion exchange
+ mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tricarboxylic acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of tricarboxylic acids into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial citrate transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acyl carnitine transport
+
+ The directed movement of acyl carnitine into, out of, within or between cells. Acyl carnitine is the condensation product of a carboxylic acid and carnitine and is the transport form for a fatty acid crossing the mitochondrial membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetate transport
+
+ The directed movement of acetate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane acetate transport
+
+ The directed movement of acetate across a plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate transport
+
+ The directed movement of pyruvate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane pyruvate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, across a plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial pyruvate transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate, into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial calcium ion transport
+
+
+ mitochondrial calcium transport
+ The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carnitine shuttle
+
+
+
+
+ See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial inner membrane ; GO:0005743'.
+ biological_process
+ The transfer of acyl groups to and from acyl-CoA molecules to form O-acylcarnitine, which can exchange across the mitochondrial inner membrane with unacylated carnitine.
+ Wikipedia:Carnitine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multidrug transport
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of drugs across a membrane into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye pigment precursor transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of eye pigment precursors, the inactive forms of visual pigments, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligopeptide transport
+
+ The directed movement of oligopeptides into, out of, within or between cells. Oligopeptides are molecules that contain a small number (2 to 20) of amino-acid residues connected by peptide linkages.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transport of substances that occurs outside cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular carbohydrate transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed extracellular movement of carbohydrates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular amino acid transport
+
+
+ The directed extracellular movement of amino acids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide transport
+
+ The directed movement of a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine transport
+
+ The directed movement of purines, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0015852
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleotide transport
+
+ The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a pyrimidine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid transport
+
+
+ GO:0006866
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asparagine transport
+
+ The directed movement of asparagine, alpha-aminosuccinamic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-asparagine transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of glutamine, 2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0015815
+ L-glutamine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid transport
+
+ The directed movement of lipids into, out of, within or between cells. Lipids are compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular ion homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of ions at the level of a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular calcium ion homeostasis
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of calcium ion concentration
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of calcium ions at the level of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular metal ion homeostasis
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of metal ions at the level of a cell.
+ cellular heavy metal ion homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular cadmium ion homeostasis
+
+
+ cadmium homeostasis
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of cadmium ions at the level of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular cobalt ion homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cobalt homeostasis
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of cobalt ions at the level of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular copper ion homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of copper ions at the level of a cell.
+ copper homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular iron ion homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of iron ions at the level of a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ iron homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular sequestering of iron ion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular iron ion storage
+ intracellular iron ion retention
+ The process of binding or confining iron ions in an intracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
+ intracellular iron ion sequestering
+ intracellular retention of iron ion
+ intracellular storage of iron ion
+ intracellular iron ion sequestration
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ intracellular sequestration of iron ion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular sequestering of iron ion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular sequestration of iron ion
+ extracellular iron ion retention
+ extracellular retention of iron ion
+ extracellular iron ion storage
+ extracellular storage of iron ion
+ extracellular iron ion sequestering
+ biological_process
+ The process of binding or confining iron ions in an extracellular area such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
+ extracellular iron ion sequestration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular zinc ion homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ zinc homeostasis
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of zinc ions at the level of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular sodium ion homeostasis
+
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of sodium ions at the level of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell volume homeostasis
+
+ Any process involved in maintaining the equilibrium of a cell's volume. The cell's volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cell volume
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pH
+
+ hydrogen ion homeostasis
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions, thereby modulating the internal pH, within an organism or cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exocytosis
+
+
+ nonselective vesicle exocytosis
+ Wikipedia:Exocytosis
+ biological_process
+ GO:0016195
+ GO:0016194
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. This is the process whereby most molecules are secreted from eukaryotic cells.
+ vesicle exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
+
+ biological_process
+ endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
+ ER to Golgi transport
+ The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
+ endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to ER
+
+ retrograde vesicle-mediated transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum
+ retrograde transport, Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles bearing specific protein coats such as COPI or COG.
+ retrograde transport, Golgi to ER
+ retrograde (Golgi to ER) transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
+
+ intra-Golgi transport
+ The directed movement of substances within the Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles. These either fuse with the cis-Golgi or with each other to form the membrane stacks known as the cis-Golgi reticulum (network).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
+
+ post-Golgi transport
+ The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to other parts of the cell, including organelles and the plasma membrane, mediated by small transport vesicles.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi to plasma membrane transport
+
+ Golgi to plasma membrane vesicle-mediated transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane, where they fuse and release their contents by exocytosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi to endosome transport
+
+
+ TGN to endosome transport
+ The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to early sorting endosomes. Clathrin vesicles transport substances from the trans-Golgi to endosomes.
+ GO:0048218
+ trans-Golgi to endosome transport
+ biological_process
+ Golgi to endosome vesicle-mediated transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi to vacuole transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Golgi to vacuole vesicle-mediated transport
+ The directed movement of substances from the Golgi to the vacuole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endocytosis
+
+
+ GO:0016193
+ Wikipedia:Endocytosis
+ plasma membrane invagination
+ A type of vesicle-mediated transport in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
+ vesicle endocytosis
+ gosubset_prok
+ nonselective vesicle endocytosis
+ GO:0016196
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor-mediated endocytosis
+
+ Reactome:209306
+ Reactome:219049
+ Reactome:209307
+ Reactome:171118
+ Reactome:236066
+ Reactome:236067
+ Reactome:219043
+ Reactome:221607
+ Reactome:209288
+ Reactome:171059
+ Reactome:230205
+ Reactome:209279
+ Reactome:227832
+ Reactome:171052
+ Reactome:219051
+ Reactome:243209
+ Wikipedia:Receptor-mediated_endocytosis
+ Reactome:215954
+ Reactome:233525
+ Reactome:243215
+ Reactome:233560
+ Reactome:236054
+ Reactome:249712
+ Reactome:206358
+ Reactome:206399
+ receptor mediated endocytosis
+ Reactome:174624
+ Reactome:248328
+ Reactome:219062
+ Reactome:219061
+ Reactome:211842
+ Reactome:171122
+ Reactome:227829
+ Reactome:174657
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:243226
+ Reactome:174808
+ Reactome:243225
+ Reactome:227815
+ Reactome:243198
+ Reactome:244815
+ Reactome:238242
+ Reactome:215938
+ Reactome:171106
+ Reactome:171141
+ Reactome:233547
+ Reactome:215912
+ Reactome:206384
+ Reactome:209290
+ Reactome:236052
+ Reactome:236045
+ Reactome:171087
+ The uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles.
+ Reactome:227846
+ Reactome:227847
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0006902
+ membrane evagination
+ vesicle formation
+ vesicle biosynthesis
+ nonselective vesicle assembly
+ The evagination of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
+ vesicle budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle coating
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ vesicle coat assembly
+ A protein coat is added to the vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle targeting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes. Targeting involves coordinated interactions among cytoskeletal elements (microtubules or actin filaments), motor proteins, molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces, and vesicle cargo.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle docking during exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The initial attachment of a vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane, during exocytosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pinocytosis
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Pinocytosis
+ fluid-phase endocytosis
+ The process whereby cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin-independent pinocytosis
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocytosis
+
+ Wikipedia:Phagocytosis
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby phagocytes engulf external particulate material. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocytosis, recognition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that cell surface molecules involved in the direct binding of bacteria may be also annotated to the molecular function term GO:0008367 bacterial binding. Note that cell surface molecules involved in the direct binding to opsonins such as complement components or antibodies may be also annotated to the term GO:0001846 opsonin binding.
+ The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter, or an apoptotic cell and based on recognition of factors such as bacterial cell wall components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors and lipids like phosphatidyl serine, and leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell.
+ recognition of phagocytosed substance by phagocytic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocytosis, engulfment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ phagosome biosynthesis
+ The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis.
+ phagosome formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleocytoplasmic transport
+
+ goslim_pombe
+ biological_process
+ GO:0000063
+ The directed movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
+ nucleocytoplasmic shuttling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagy
+
+ Wikipedia:Autophagy_(cellular)
+ The process by which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptosis
+
+ Reactome:238478
+ Reactome:274243
+ Reactome:252627
+ Reactome:268517
+ apoptotic programmed cell death
+ GO:0008632
+ Reactome:265386
+ Reactome:255810
+ A form of programmed cell death that begins when a cell receives internal or external signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, proceeds through a series of characteristic stages typically including rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), and plasma membrane blebbing (but maintenance of its integrity until the final stages of the process), and ends with the death of the cell.
+ signaling (initiator) caspase activity
+ Reactome:221788
+ Reactome:249908
+ Reactome:288390
+ Reactome:280709
+ type I programmed cell death
+ Reactome:245020
+ programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ Reactome:259206
+ Reactome:230365
+ apoptotic program
+ Wikipedia:Apoptosis
+ Reactome:212025
+ Reactome:109581
+ apoptotic cell death
+ Reactome:286733
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:262565
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anti-apoptosis
+
+ apoptosis inhibitor activity
+ biological_process
+ A process which directly inhibits any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of apoptosis
+
+
+ induction of apoptosis by p53
+ commitment to apoptosis
+ apoptosis activator activity
+ apoptosis signaling
+ A process that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+ activation of apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of caspase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:69416
+ caspase activation
+ Reactome:211794
+ Reactome:230166
+ biological_process
+ Upregulation of the activity of a caspase, any of a group of cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis.
+ Reactome:221558
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell structure disassembly during apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disassembly of cell structures
+ The breakdown of structures such as organelles, proteins, or other macromolecular structures during apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleavage of lamin
+
+ The proteolytic degradation of lamins during apoptosis, leading to the irreversible breakdown of the nuclear lamina.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins during apoptosis
+
+ biological_process
+ apoptotic cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins
+ The proteolytic degradation of cytoskeletal proteins during apoptosis, leading to the collapse of cytoskeletal structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation-induced cell death of T cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation-induced cell death of T-lymphocytes
+ activation-induced cell death of T lymphocytes
+ antigen-driven apoptosis
+ activation-induced cell death of T-cells
+ biological_process
+ activated T cell apoptosis
+ AICD
+ A type of T cell apoptosis that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen and is triggered by T cell receptor stimulation and signals transmitted via various surface-expressed members of the TNF receptor family such as Fas ligand, Fas, and TNF and the p55 and p75 TNF receptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inflammatory cell apoptosis
+
+ killing of inflammatory cells
+ programmed cell death of inflammatory cells by apoptosis
+ inflammatory cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ The process of apoptosis in inflammatory cells, any cell participating in the inflammatory response to a foreign substance e.g. neutrophil, macrophage.
+ apoptosis of inflammatory cells
+ programmed cell death, inflammatory cells
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus-infected cell apoptosis
+
+ virus-infected cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ programmed cell death, virus-infected cells
+ killing virus-infected cells
+ apoptosis of virus-infected cells
+ programmed cell death of virus-infected cells by apoptosis
+ The process of apoptosis in cells infected with a virus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transformed cell apoptosis
+
+ apoptosis of transformed cells
+ The process of apoptosis in transformed cells, cells that have undergone changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm.
+ programmed cell death, transformed cells
+ programmed cell death of transformed cells by apoptosis
+ transformed cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ killing transformed cells
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell motion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_goa
+ cell movement
+ goslim_pir
+ cell locomotion
+ Any process involved in the controlled movement of a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substrate-bound cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ The orderly movement of cells from one site to another along a substrate such as the extracellular matrix; the migrating cell forms a protrusion that attaches to the substrate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substrate-bound cell migration, cell extension
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a cell surface protrusion, such as a lamellipodium or filopodium, at the leading edge of a migrating cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substrate-bound cell migration, cell attachment to substrate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of adhesions that stabilize protrusions at the leading edge of a migrating cell; involves integrin activation, clustering, and the recruitment of structural and signaling components to nascent adhesions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substrate-bound cell migration, cell contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The translocation of the cell body forward during cell migration, mediated by tractional force on its substrate and tension in the cortical cytoskeleton. Adhesions transmit propulsive forces and serve as traction points over which the cell moves.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell adhesion involved in substrate-bound cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substrate-bound cell migration, cell release from substrate
+ The disassembly of adhesions at the front and rear of a migrating cell. At the leading edge, adhesion disassembly accompanies the formation of new protrusions; at the cell rear, it promotes tail retraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substrate-bound cell migration, adhesion receptor recycling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of accumulated adhesion components such as integrins from the rear of a migrating cell toward the cell front, where they are available to form new protrusions and adhesions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotaxis
+
+
+ taxis in response to chemical stimulus
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle contraction
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.
+ Wikipedia:Muscle_contraction
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ visceral muscle contraction
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle contraction
+
+ sarcomeric muscle contraction
+ A process whereby force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of striated muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane fusion
+
+ biological_process
+ The joining of two lipid bilayers to form a single membrane.
+ goslim_goa
+ Wikipedia:Lipid_bilayer_fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by virus of cell-cell fusion in host
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of syncytia-forming cell-cell fusion, caused by a virus.
+ viral-induced cell-cell fusion
+ viral-induced host cell-cell fusion
+ viral-induced membrane fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ syncytium formation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to stress
+
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_pombe
+ response to abiotic stress
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_generic
+ response to biotic stress
+ goslim_yeast
+ biological_process
+ goslim_candida
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response
+
+ GO:0042829
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0002217
+ physiological defense response
+ antimicrobial peptide activity
+ defense/immunity protein activity
+ defence response
+ Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acute-phase response
+
+ Process involving non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inflammatory response
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Inflammation
+ biological_process
+ The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was moved.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immune response
+
+
+ Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
+ biological_process
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was redefined and moved.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ complement activation
+
+
+
+
+ complement activity
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:166663
+ Reactome:221852
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was moved.
+ complement response
+ Reactome:211734
+ Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway.
+ Reactome:230422
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ complement activation, alternative pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:173736
+ Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ complement activation, classical pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:211607
+ Reactome:221381
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes.
+ Reactome:173623
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ humoral immune response
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Humoral_immunity
+ An immune response mediated through a body fluid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male-specific antibacterial humoral response
+
+
+ An immune response against bacteria, specific to males and mediated through a body fluid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antibacterial peptide biosynthesis.
+ antibacterial polypeptide induction
+ up-regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+ antibacterial peptide induction
+ activation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria.
+ up-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+ stimulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+ anti-Gram-negative bacterial peptide induction
+ activation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+ anti-Gram-negative bacterial polypeptide induction
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+ up regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anti-Gram-positive bacterial peptide induction
+ activation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+ stimulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+ anti-Gram-positive bacterial polypeptide induction
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of biosynthesis of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria.
+ up-regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+ upregulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+ up regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+ antifungal peptide induction
+ upregulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+ activation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of antifungal peptide biosynthetic process
+ antifungal polypeptide induction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of antifungal peptide biosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular defense response
+
+ GO:0016066
+ Note that this term refers to any type of defense response made by any cell, whether only a single-celled organism or part of a multicellular organism; also includes responses that occur in the context of multiorganism processes.
+ GO:0016067
+ A defense response that is mediated by cells.
+ biological_process
+ cellular defence response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to osmotic stress
+
+
+ osmotic stress response
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
+ osmotic response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypotonic response
+
+ hypo-osmotic response
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism or cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hypotonic environment, i.e. an environment with a lower concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyperosmotic response
+
+ biological_process
+ hypertonic response
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism or cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
+ HOG response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular accumulation of glycerol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The accumulation of glycerol within a cell, for example by increased glycerol biosynthesis combined with decreased permeability of the cell membrane to glycerol, in response to the detection of a hyperosmotic environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to DNA damage stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
+ DNA damage response
+ gosubset_prok
+ response to genotoxic stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The widespread phosphorylation of various molecules, triggering many downstream processes, that occurs in response to the detection of DNA damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, resulting in the induction of the transcription of p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and SDI1) or any equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to oxidative stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ redox signal response
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of SoxR protein
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The conversion of the SoxR transcription factor to its active (oxidized) form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to lipid hydroperoxide
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid hydroperoxide stimulus. Lipid hydroperoxide is the highly reactive primary oxygenated products of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ response to LHPO
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER overload response
+
+
+
+ EOR
+ biological_process
+ endoplasmic reticulum overload response
+ ER-overload response
+ The series of molecular signals generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER-nuclear signaling pathway
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum-nuclear signaling pathway
+ ER-nuclear signalling pathway
+ endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling pathway
+ ER to nucleus signaling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals that conveys information from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus, usually resulting in a change in transcriptional regulation.
+ ER to nucleus signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity by ER overload response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity by EOR
+ The conversion of inactive NF-kappaB to the active form, thereby allowing it to activate transcription of target genes, as a result of signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ EOR-mediated activation of NF-kappaB
+ EOR-mediated NF-kappaB activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to unfolded protein
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'unfolded protein response ; GO:0030968', which refers to one specific response to the presence of unfolded proteins in the ER.
+ gosubset_prok
+ heat shock protein activity
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unfolded protein response, activation of signalling protein kinase/endonuclease
+ biological_process
+ The conversion of a specific protein, possessing protein kinase and endoribonuclease activities, to an active form as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response.
+ unfolded protein response, activation of signaling protein kinase/endonuclease
+ unfolded protein response, activation of signaling protein activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gene-specific transcription involved in unfolded protein response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unfolded protein response, up-regulation of target gene transcription
+ unfolded protein response, stimulation of target gene transcription
+ unfolded protein response, target gene transcriptional activation
+ biological_process
+ unfolded protein response, activation of target gene transcription
+ unfolded protein response, upregulation of target gene transcription
+ unfolded protein response, up regulation of target gene transcription
+ The activation of genes whose promoters contain a specific sequence elements such as the unfolded protein response element (UPRE; consensus CAGCGTG) or the ER stress-response element (ERSE; CCAAN(N)9CCACG), as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response.
+ unfolded protein response, positive regulation of target gene transcription
+ positive regulation of transcription of target genes involved in unfolded protein response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to sterol depletion
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of sterols. Sterols are a group of steroids characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol depletion response, sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The proteolytic release of a transcriptionally active sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) from intracellular membranes, freeing it to move to the nucleus and upregulate transcription of target genes, in response to depleted sterol levels.
+ sterol depletion response, SREBP cleavage
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol depletion response, sterol regulatory element binding protein nuclear translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol depletion response, SREBP nuclear translocation
+ biological_process
+ The transfer of a sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) into the nucleus across the nuclear membrane, in response to sterol depletion. SREBPs are transcription factors that bind sterol regulatory elements (SREs), DNA motifs found in the promoters of target genes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription involved in sterol depletion response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) mediates an increase in rate or extent of transcription of nuclear target genes in response to sterol depletion. SREBPs are transcription factors that bind sterol regulatory elements (SREs), DNA motifs found in the promoters of target genes.
+ biological_process
+ sterol depletion response, SREBP target gene transcriptional activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to nitrogen starvation
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle organization
+
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_pir
+ organelle organisation and biogenesis
+ goslim_yeast
+ gosubset_prok
+ organelle organization and biogenesis
+ goslim_candida
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleus organization
+
+ goslim_candida
+ nuclear organization
+ nuclear organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048287
+ nuclear organization and biogenesis
+ nucleus organization and biogenesis
+ nuclear morphology
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nucleus.
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_yeast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear envelope organization
+
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear envelope.
+ nuclear envelope organization and biogenesis
+ nuclear envelope organisation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear pore organization
+
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear pore.
+ nuclear pore organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ nuclear pore complex organization and biogenesis
+ nuclear pore organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolus organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly the nucleolus.
+ nucleolus organisation and biogenesis
+ nucleolus organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere maintenance via telomerase
+
+
+ Reactome:279958
+ Reactome:272146
+ Reactome:258778
+ Reactome:257585
+ Reactome:237781
+ Reactome:267939
+ Reactome:278135
+ Reactome:220611
+ Reactome:255254
+ Reactome:223502
+ Reactome:257575
+ Reactome:286303
+ Reactome:231985
+ Reactome:211638
+ Reactome:264128
+ Reactome:234714
+ Reactome:259951
+ Reactome:264129
+ Reactome:234717
+ Reactome:252051
+ Reactome:273491
+ Reactome:257473
+ Reactome:266139
+ Reactome:163099
+ Reactome:163096
+ The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
+ Reactome:258935
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:207815
+ Reactome:207812
+ Reactome:229293
+ Reactome:163090
+ Reactome:275803
+ Reactome:217343
+ Reactome:204681
+ Reactome:267162
+ Reactome:217340
+ Reactome:286468
+ Reactome:267163
+ Reactome:261147
+ Reactome:237268
+ Reactome:255428
+ Reactome:280233
+ Reactome:207368
+ Reactome:225815
+ Reactome:264997
+ Reactome:171319
+ Reactome:164617
+ Reactome:262182
+ Reactome:267091
+ Reactome:285117
+ Reactome:272282
+ Reactome:264762
+ Reactome:285016
+ Reactome:164616
+ Reactome:254353
+ Reactome:265160
+ Reactome:163120
+ Reactome:229780
+ Reactome:238063
+ Reactome:263242
+ Reactome:250481
+ Reactome:273967
+ Reactome:280446
+ Reactome:252403
+ Reactome:269901
+ Reactome:272292
+ Reactome:164620
+ Reactome:213765
+ Reactome:230045
+ Reactome:216960
+ Reactome:221410
+ Reactome:251276
+ Reactome:234484
+ Reactome:210720
+ Reactome:255561
+ Reactome:256500
+ Reactome:254433
+ Reactome:264067
+ Reactome:221126
+ Reactome:278288
+ Reactome:261239
+ Reactome:283872
+ Reactome:261963
+ Reactome:268129
+ Reactome:251340
+ Reactome:251341
+ Reactome:262309
+ Reactome:226015
+ Reactome:252274
+ Reactome:268286
+ Reactome:226016
+ Reactome:254423
+ Reactome:285107
+ Reactome:278298
+ telomerase-dependent telomere maintenance
+ Reactome:261249
+ Reactome:286058
+ Reactome:211317
+ Reactome:258550
+ Reactome:273780
+ Reactome:253320
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrion organization
+
+ mitochondrion organisation and biogenesis
+ goslim_pir
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
+ mitochondrion organization and biogenesis
+ mitochondria organization and biogenesis
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_pombe
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial membrane organization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayer surrounding a mitochondrion.
+ mitochondrial membrane organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner mitochondrial membrane organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane.
+ See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial inner membrane ; GO:0005743'.
+ mitochondrial inner membrane organization
+ biological_process
+ inner mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis
+ inner mitochondrial membrane organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer mitochondrial membrane organization
+
+ biological_process
+ outer mitochondrial membrane organization and biogenesis
+ outer mitochondrial membrane organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
+ See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial outer membrane ; GO:0005741'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane organization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ plasma membrane organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+ plasma membrane organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoskeleton organization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
+ goslim_yeast
+ cytoskeleton organisation and biogenesis
+ goslim_pombe
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_candida
+ cytoskeletal organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ cytoskeletal regulator activity
+ cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indirect flight muscle actin ubiquitination
+
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament organization
+
+ actin filament organisation
+ regulation of actin filament localization
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoskeletal anchoring at plasma membrane
+
+
+ cytoskeletal anchoring activity
+ Process by which cytoskeletal filaments are directly or indirectly linked to the plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule-based process
+
+ biological_process
+ Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule-based movement
+
+
+ Movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule depolymerization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ microtubule catastrophe
+ microtubule disassembly
+ The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a microtubule.
+ microtubule depolymerization during nuclear congression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule nucleation
+
+ Wikipedia:Microtubule_nucleation
+ biological_process
+ The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule. Microtubule nucleation usually occurs from a specific site within a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tubulin complex assembly
+
+ tubulin folding
+ The aggregation and bonding together of alpha- and beta-tubulin to form a tubulin heterodimer.
+ biological_process
+ tubulin-specific chaperone activity
+ tubulin assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-chaperonin tubulin folding pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ Completion of folding of alpha- and beta-tubulin; takes place subsequent to chaperonin-mediated partial folding; mediated by a complex of folding cofactors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of microtubule depolymerization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol.
+ negative regulation of microtubule disassembly
+ negative regulation of microtubule catastrophe
+ inhibition of microtubule depolymerization
+ biological_process
+ microtubule rescue
+ down-regulation of microtubule depolymerization
+ microtubule stabilization
+ down regulation of microtubule depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of axonemal microtubule depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of the specialized microtubules of the axoneme.
+ biological_process
+ axonemal microtubule stabilization
+ negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization in axoneme
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasm organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytoplasm organization and biogenesis
+ cytoplasm organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_generic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum organization
+
+ ER organization and biogenesis
+ endoplasmic reticulum morphology
+ endoplasmic reticulum organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ endoplasmic reticulum organisation and biogenesis
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ ER organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.
+ Golgi organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Golgi organization and biogenesis
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisome organization
+
+ goslim_pir
+ peroxisome organization and biogenesis
+ peroxisome-assembly ATPase activity
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a peroxisome. A peroxisome is a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
+ peroxisome organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosome organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of endosomes.
+ endosome organization and biogenesis
+ goslim_pir
+ endosome organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuole organization
+
+ goslim_pir
+ vacuole organization and biogenesis
+ vacuolar assembly
+ vacuole organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vacuole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar transport
+
+ The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a vacuole.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar acidification
+
+ Any process that reduces the pH of the vacuole, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar calcium ion homeostasis
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of calcium ions in the vacuole or between a vacuole and its surroundings.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar phosphate transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of phosphates into, out of or within a vacuole.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endocytosed protein transport to vacuole
+
+
+ delivery of endocytosed proteins to the vacuole
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of proteins imported into a cell by endocytosis to the vacuole.
+ See also the biological process term 'endocytosis ; GO:0006897'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar protein catabolic process
+
+ vacuolar protein breakdown
+ vacuolar protein catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in the vacuole, usually by the action of vacuolar proteases.
+ vacuolar protein degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosome organization
+
+ lysosome organisation and biogenesis
+ lysosome organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosomal transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances into, out of or within a lysosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosomal lumen acidification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that reduces the pH of the lysosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell junction assembly
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells.
+ intercellular junction assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-substrate junction assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between a cell and its substrate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-substrate adherens junction assembly
+
+ hemi-adherens junction assembly
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement, and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell-substrate adherens junction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall organization
+
+ goslim_pombe
+ cell wall organization and biogenesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ cell wall organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_candida
+ The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_plant
+ Wikipedia:Cell_cycle
+ cell-division cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle arrest
+
+ arrest of cell cycle progression
+ termination of cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ cessation of cell cycle
+ The process by which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ spindle organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during DNA segregation and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
+ spindle organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic spindle organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
+ mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis
+ mitotic spindle organisation and biogenesis
+ spindle organization and biogenesis during mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle assembly involved in male meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ male meiotic spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle assembly involved in male meiosis I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in males. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
+ male meiosis I spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle assembly involved male meiosis II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiosis II spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
+ biological_process
+ The formation of the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in males. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle assembly involved in female meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
+ biological_process
+ female meiotic spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle assembly involved in female meiosis I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
+ female meiosis I spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle assembly involved in female meiosis II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female meiosis II spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome segregation
+
+ The process by which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
+ goslim_pombe
+ Wikipedia:Chromosome_segregation
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ chromosome division
+ chromosome transmission
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiosis chromosome segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process by which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome.
+ Reactome:163048
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome, from their formation in S phase through metaphase during a mitotic cell cycle. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiosis sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a male.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a female.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Mitosis
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription, mitotic
+
+
+ down-regulation of transcription, mitotic
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during mitosis.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of transcription, mitotic
+ mitotic repression of transcription
+ down regulation of transcription, mitotic
+ inhibition of transcription, mitotic
+ negative regulation of transcription during mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+
+
+
+ mitotic repression of transcription from Pol I promoter
+ down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+ negative regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter, mitotic
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis.
+ downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis
+ inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+
+
+
+ down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+ negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter, mitotic
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis.
+ mitotic repression of transcription from Pol II promoter
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis
+ down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+ inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis
+ negative regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter, mitotic
+ down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+ down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+ inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+ downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis.
+ mitotic repression of transcription from Pol III promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription on exit from mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
+ activation of transcription on exit from mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase I promoter
+
+ activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from Pol I promoter
+ activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase I promoter
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
+ activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from Pol II promoter
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
+ activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from Pol III promoter
+ biological_process
+ activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic chromosome condensation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby chromatin structure is compacted prior to and during mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
+ mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
+ mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
+ The cell cycle process whereby the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division occurs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamin depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby lamin is depolymerized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome movement towards spindle pole during mitosis
+ mitotic chromosome movement
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles occurs. This mediates by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during mitosis.
+ chromosome migration to spindle pole during mitosis
+ sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole during mitosis
+ GO:0007082
+ mitotic sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole
+ mitotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic metaphase plate congression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the mitotic spindle, during mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic chromosome decondensation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby chromosome structure is altered from the condensed form taken on during mitosis to the relaxed disperse form held in resting cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby the nuclear envelope reforms during mitotic cell division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle fusion with nuclear membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby the joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the nucleus occurs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic nuclear pore complex reassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby nuclear pore complexes reform during mitotic cell division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0000081
+ Passage through a cell cycle control point late in G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just before entry into S phase; in most organisms studied, including budding yeast and animal cells, passage through start normally commits the cell to progressing through the entire cell cycle.
+ G1 checkpoint
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression through the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:68881
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the destruction of mitotic cyclins.
+ Reactome:211778
+ Reactome:238183
+ Reactome:221543
+ Reactome:230154
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of anaphase-promoting complex activity during mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:213411
+ Reactome:259780
+ Reactome:250346
+ anaphase promoting complex activation during mitotic cell cycle
+ APC activation during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:245838
+ mitotic anaphase promoting complex activator
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of APC during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:283716
+ Reactome:239612
+ mitotic anaphase-promoting complex activation
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of anaphase-promoting complex during mitotic cell cycle
+ mitotic APC activation
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of anaphase promoting complex during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:234574
+ Reactome:253161
+ Reactome:256356
+ Reactome:207643
+ Reactome:225891
+ Reactome:204411
+ Reactome:162659
+ anaphase-promoting complex activation during mitotic cell cycle
+ mitotic APC activator
+ Reactome:217136
+ Reactome:223197
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:163010
+ Any process that initiates the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex during the mitotic cell cycle.
+ Reactome:231660
+ Reactome:265942
+ mitotic anaphase promoting complex activation
+ mitotic anaphase-promoting complex activator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
+
+
+ mitotic checkpoint
+ A signal transduction-based surveillance mechanism that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint
+
+
+
+ Reactome:252583
+ Reactome:230392
+ Reactome:69618
+ biological_process
+ A signal transduction based surveillance mechanism that ensures the fidelity of cell division by preventing the premature advance of cells from metaphase to anaphase prior to the successful attachment of kinetochores to spindle microtubules (spindle assembly).
+ Reactome:212060
+ Reactome:268471
+ Reactome:280667
+ Reactome:221823
+ Reactome:265345
+ Reactome:238432
+ Reactome:255764
+ mitotic spindle checkpoint
+ Reactome:259160
+ Mad2-dependent checkpoint
+ Reactome:286686
+ Reactome:274195
+ Reactome:262517
+ Reactome:244975
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic cell cycle G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
+
+ A signal transduction-based surveillance mechanism that acts during a mitotic cell cycle to ensure accurate chromosome segregation by preventing entry into mitosis in the presence of damaged DNA.
+ mitotic G2 checkpoint
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of exit from mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear migration
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleus migration
+ The directed movement of the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centrosome cycle
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centriole replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centriole duplication
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby a daughter centriole is formed perpendicular to an existing centriole. An immature centriole contains a ninefold radially symmetric array of single microtubules; mature centrioles consist of a radial array of nine microtubule triplets, doublets, or singlets depending upon the species and cell type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic centrosome separation
+
+ Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiosis centrosome cycle
+
+ Centrosome duplication and separation in the context of male meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole body duplication in nuclear envelope
+
+ biological_process
+ spindle pole body duplication (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ Construction of a new spindle pole body adjacent to the existing spindle pole body in the nuclear envelope; usually occurs about the time of bud emergence.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis, site selection
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ actomyosin ring positioning
+ site selection involved in cytokinesis
+ The process of marking the place where cytokinesis will occur.
+ contractile ring positioning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane addition at site of cytokinesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cytokinesis, membrane recruitment/generation
+ Any process involved in the net addition of membrane at the site of cytokinesis; includes vesicle recruitment and fusion, local lipid synthesis and insertion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis, initiation of separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initiation of separation involved in cytokinesis
+ The process involved in starting cell separation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis, completion of separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ completion of separation involved in cytokinesis
+ The process of finishing cell separation, which results in two physically separated cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis after meiosis I
+
+ A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis I, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis after meiosis II
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis II, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiosis cytokinesis
+
+ A cell cycle process that occurs during male meiosis and results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two daughter cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endomitotic cell cycle
+
+ Wikipedia:Mitosis
+ endomitosis
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but neither spindle formation nor nuclear membrane breakdown, and nuclear division does not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell budding
+
+
+ goslim_yeast
+ budding
+ A form of asexual reproduction, occurring in certain bacteria and fungi (e.g. yeasts) and some primitive animals in which an individual arises from a daughter cell formed by pinching off a part of the parent cell. The budlike outgrowths so formed may sometimes remain attached to the parent cell.
+ goslim_candida
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of budding
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and growth of cell buds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ budding cell bud growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ bud growth
+ The process by which the bud portion of a cell that reproduces by budding irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ budding cell apical bud growth
+
+ Growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.
+ apical bud growth
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ budding cell isotropic bud growth
+
+ isotropic bud growth
+ Unlocalized bud growth such that the entire surface of the bud expands evenly, in a cell that reproduces by budding.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial cellular bud site selection
+
+
+ axial bud site selection
+ biological_process
+ The process of defining the next site of bud emergence adjacent to the last site of bud emergence on a budding cell.
+ axial budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bipolar cellular bud site selection
+
+
+ bipolar budding
+ The process of defining subsequent sites of bud emergence such that budding takes place at alternating poles of a budding cell.
+ bipolar bud site selection
+ polar budding
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudohyphal growth
+
+
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_yeast
+ biological_process
+ A pattern of cell growth that occurs in conditions of nitrogen limitation and abundant fermentable carbon source. Cells become elongated, switch to a unipolar budding pattern, remain physically attached to each other, and invade the growth substrate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_pombe
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the nuclear division phase of a meiotic cell cycle, the specialized nuclear and cell division in which a single diploid cell undergoes two nuclear divisions following a single round of DNA replication in order to produce four daughter cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as the diploid cell. Meiotic division occurs during the formation of gametes from diploid organisms and at the beginning of haplophase in those organisms that alternate between diploid and haploid generations.
+ Wikipedia:Meiosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiosis I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells.
+ Wikipedia:Meiosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic prophase I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through prophase of meiosis I; divided into several stages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synapsis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Synapsis
+ homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis
+ The cell cycle process whereby the side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created at the metaphase plate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptonemal complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptonemal complex formation
+ The cell cycle process whereby the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reciprocal meiotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0007145
+ The cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.
+ GO:0000021
+ gene conversion with reciprocal crossover
+ female meiotic recombination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic metaphase I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through metaphase of meiosis I; analogous to mitotic metaphase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic anaphase I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through anaphase of meiosis I; analogous to mitotic anaphase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic telophase I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through telophase of meiosis I; analogous to mitotic telophase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiosis II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the second phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and separate the two chromatids in each chromosome.
+ Wikipedia:Meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic prophase II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through prophase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic prophase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic metaphase II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through metaphase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic metaphase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic anaphase II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through anaphase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic anaphase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic telophase II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through telophase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic telophase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiosis
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the nuclear division phase of a meiotic cell cycle in the male germline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiosis I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiosis II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female meiosis
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through the nuclear division phase of a meiotic cell cycle in the female germline.
+ biological_process
+ Note that female germ lines can be found in female or hermaphroditic organisms, so this term can be used to annotate gene products from hermaphrodites such as those of C. elegans. See also the biological process term 'meiosis ; GO:0007126'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female meiosis I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic recombination nodule assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female meiosis II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell communication
+
+ goslim_goa
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_pir
+ Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
+ Wikipedia:Cell_signaling
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_plant
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell adhesion
+
+
+ The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
+ goslim_candida
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell adhesion molecule activity
+ Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homophilic cell adhesion
+
+ The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterophilic cell adhesion
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The attachment of an adhesion molecule in one cell to a nonidentical adhesion molecule in an adjacent cell.
+ agglutination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron adhesion
+
+ The attachment of a neuron to another cell via adhesion molecules.
+ neuronal cell adhesion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte adhesion
+
+ The attachment of a leukocyte to another cell via adhesion molecules.
+ biological_process
+ leukocyte cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-matrix adhesion
+
+ The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium-independent cell-matrix adhesion
+
+ The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
+ biological_process
+ calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of cell adhesion
+ down regulation of cell adhesion
+ cell adhesion receptor inhibitor activity
+ down-regulation of cell adhesion
+ downregulation of cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
+ establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity (sensu Fungi)
+ establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarization
+ biological_process
+ GO:0030467
+ GO:0030012
+ establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ goslim_pombe
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of tissue polarity
+
+ Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal transduction
+
+
+ goslim_plant
+ signalling cascade
+ signaling
+ signaling cascade
+ goslim_pombe
+ The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the level or activity of a second messenger or other downstream target, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell.
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_yeast
+ gosubset_prok
+ signalling
+ Wikipedia:Signal_transduction
+ goslim_candida
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell surface receptor linked signal transduction
+
+ Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:110437
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase.
+ enzyme linked receptor protein signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway
+
+ receptor guanylyl cyclase signalling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses guanylyl cyclase activity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity.
+ transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activation
+ biological_process
+ transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase dimerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell. Complex formation involves dimerization of a receptor protein tyrosine kinase followed by the association of several different intracellular signaling molecules with the cytoplasmic tails of the receptors.
+ signal complex formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+ EGF receptor signalling pathway
+ Reactome:238186
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ Reactome:221546
+ EGF receptor signaling pathway
+ epidermal growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ EGFR signaling pathway
+ Reactome:177929
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:211781
+ Reactome:230157
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal growth factor ligand processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The proteolysis of epidermal growth factor after its internalization via binding to its receptor.
+ biological_process
+ EGF receptor ligand processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+ inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+ negative regulation of EGF receptor activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of EGF receptor activity.
+ negative regulation of EGFR activity
+ GO:0007177
+ EGF receptor downregulation
+ down regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+ downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of EGF receptor activity
+ regulation of EGFR activity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of EGF receptor activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor serine/threonine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.
+ transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+
+ TGFbeta receptor signalling pathway
+ TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway
+ Reactome:211602
+ Reactome:238033
+ Reactome:170834
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transforming growth factor beta receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ Reactome:244845
+ TGF-beta receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway
+ Reactome:230015
+ TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway
+ Reactome:221377
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transforming growth factor beta receptor complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TGF-beta receptor complex assembly
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a ligand-bound type II transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor dimer with a type I TGF-beta receptor dimer, following ligand binding, to form a heterotetrameric TGF-beta receptor complex.
+ biological_process
+ TGF-beta:type II receptor:type I receptor complex assembly
+ TGFbeta receptor complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ common mediator SMAD protein phosphorylation
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SMAD protein complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ SMAD protein heteromerization
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SMAD protein nuclear translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The vectorial transfer of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
+ SMAD protein import into nucleus, translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathway
+
+ transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a transmembrane receptor tyrosine phosphatase binding to its physiological ligand.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+
+ G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ GPCR protein signalling pathway
+ G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ GPCR protein signaling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
+ G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
+ G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
+
+
+ G-protein signalling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
+ G protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by modulation of a nucleotide cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of a cyclic nucleotide.
+ biological_process
+ G protein signalling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger
+
+
+ biological_process
+ G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger
+ G protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger
+ G-protein signalling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ G protein signalling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger
+ G protein signalling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger
+ G protein signaling, coupled to cyclic AMP nucleotide second messenger
+ G-protein signalling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signaling pathway
+
+
+
+ activation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein signaling
+ GO:0010580
+ G-protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
+ G-protein signalling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
+ G protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
+ Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive adenylate cyclase that is an integral part of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, resulting in a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ G protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
+ G-protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
+ biological_process
+ G-protein signaling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
+ G protein signaling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
+ G protein signalling, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of adenylate cyclase activity
+
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase.
+ biological_process
+ adenylate cyclase activation
+ adenylate cyclase activator
+ adenylyl cyclase activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ activation of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
+ biological_process
+ dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of adenylate cyclase activity by serotonin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ serotonin receptor, adenylyl cyclase activating pathway
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ serotonin receptor, adenylate cyclase activating pathway
+ activation of adenylate cyclase activity by serotonin receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signaling
+
+
+ G protein signaling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ G protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ G-protein signaling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ G-protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ G-protein signalling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ biological_process
+ G protein signaling, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ G-protein signalling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ G protein signalling, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity
+ downregulation of adenylate cyclase activity
+ down regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity
+ adenylate cyclase inhibitor
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
+ dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ dopamine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ metabotropic glutamate receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway
+ metabotropic glutamate receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a metabotropic glutamate receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ biological_process
+ muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by serotonin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ serotonin receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ biological_process
+ serotonin receptor, adenylyl cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by serotonin receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G-protein signaling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger
+
+
+ G protein signalling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by activation of guanylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP.
+ biological_process
+ G protein signaling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger
+ G-protein signalling, coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phospholipase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway coupled to IP3 second messenger
+
+
+
+ G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
+ G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
+ biological_process
+ G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
+ phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
+ G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of phospholipase C and the subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phospholipase C activity
+
+ phospholipase C activation
+ Note that this term refers to a signaling pathway, and should not be confused with function terms such as 'phospholipase activator activity ; GO:0016004'.
+ The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
+
+ elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytosol
+ elevation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration
+ biological_process
+ cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration elevation
+ elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytoplasm
+ Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.
+ cytosolic calcium ion concentration elevation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of protein kinase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+
+
+ protein kinase C activation
+ PKC activation
+ biological_process
+ activation of protein kinase C activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phospholipase C activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a metabotropic glutamate receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of phospholipase C and the subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate.
+ metabotropic glutamate receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
+ activation of phospholipase C activity by metabotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phospholipase C activity by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of phospholipase C and the subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate.
+ activation of phospholipase C activity by muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signalling pathway
+ muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phospholipase C activity by serotonin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ serotonin receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of phospholipase C and the subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate.
+ activation of phospholipase C activity by serotonin receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phospholipase C activity by tachykinin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ tachykinin receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
+ activation of phospholipase C activity by tachykinin receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a tachykinin receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of phospholipase C and the subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin receptor signaling pathway
+
+ serotonin receptor signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a serotonin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octopamine/tyramine signaling pathway
+
+ octopamine/tyramine signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an octopamine/tyramine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dopamine receptor signaling pathway
+
+ dopamine receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands; muscarinic acetylcholine receptors activate inhibitory G proteins and can be activated by the fungal alkaloid muscarine.
+ biological_process
+ acetylcholine receptor signalling, muscarinic pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway
+
+ 4-aminobutyrate signaling pathway
+ 4-aminobutyrate signalling pathway
+ GABA signaling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated by the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, to a cell surface receptor.
+ 4-aminobutanoate signaling pathway
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid signalling pathway
+ 4-aminobutanoate signalling pathway
+ GABA signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glutamate binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ glutamate signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glutamate binding to a cell surface receptor coupled to effectors through GTP-binding proteins.
+ metabotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tachykinin receptor signaling pathway
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a tachykinin, i.e. a short peptide with the terminal sequence (Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2), binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ biological_process
+ tachykinin signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuropeptide signaling pathway
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a peptide neurotransmitter binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ neuropeptide signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Notch signaling pathway
+
+ Wikipedia:Notch_signaling_pathway
+ Reactome:238447
+ N signaling pathway
+ Notch receptor signalling pathway
+ Reactome:286699
+ Notch signalling pathway
+ N signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:230401
+ GO:0030179
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell.
+ Notch-receptor signalling pathway
+ Reactome:212079
+ Notch-receptor signaling pathway
+ Reactome:244988
+ Notch receptor signaling pathway
+ Reactome:157118
+ Reactome:249867
+ Reactome:221837
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Notch receptor processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:238261
+ Reactome:221636
+ Reactome:211871
+ Reactome:156988
+ Reactome:221629
+ Reactome:238268
+ The series of successive proteolytic cleavage events that take place after a Notch receptor binds a ligand, and which lead to the release of the Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD), which is the active form of the receptor.
+ Reactome:157212
+ Reactome:230222
+ N receptor processing
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:244833
+ Reactome:230229
+ Reactome:286586
+ Reactome:211864
+ Reactome:249732
+ Reactome:244840
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ N receptor target transcription factor activation
+ Notch receptor target transcription factor activation
+ The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
+
+ frizzled-2 signalling pathway
+ non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
+ frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smoothened signaling pathway
+
+ hedgehog signaling pathway
+ Wikipedia:Hedgehog_signaling_pathway
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened.
+ hh signaling pathway
+ smoothened signalling pathway
+ hh signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ patched ligand processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hedgehog protein processing
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational modification of members of the Hedgehog family of signaling proteins in order for Hedgehog to exert its biological activity. These modifications include cleavage of its signal sequence, autocatalytic protein cleavage and the attachment of sterol moieties.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal transduction downstream of smoothened
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals that are initiated by the transmembrane protein Smoothened. In the presence of a Hedgehog signaling molecule, the Patched protein no longer inhibits the activity of Smoothened, and Smoothened signals via the Hedgehog signaling complex to activate downstream components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hh target transcription factor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of hh target transcription factor
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the activity of a transcription factor that activates transcription of Hedgehog-target genes in response to Smoothened signaling. In Drosophila, Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is the only identified transcription factor so far in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In vertebrates, members of the Gli protein family are activated in this way. Activation of the Gli/Ci transcription factor is distinct from its stabilization, when proteolytic cleavage is inhibited.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integrin-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an integrin binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ integrin-mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osmosensory signaling pathway
+
+
+ osmosensory signalling pathway
+ osmolarity sensing signaling pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ signal transduction during osmotic stress
+ The series of molecular signals initiated in response to osmotic change.
+ osmolarity sensing
+ osmolarity sensing signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osmosensory signaling pathway via Sho1 osmosensor
+
+ biological_process
+ signal transduction during osmotic stress via Sho1 osmosensor
+ osmosensory signalling pathway via Sho1 osmosensor
+ A series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a Sho1 osmosensor system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osmosensory signaling pathway via two-component system
+
+
+ osmolarity sensing via two-component system
+ A series of molecular signals generated in response to osmotic change, as mediated through a two-component (phosphorelay) system.
+ signal transduction during osmotic stress via two-component system
+ biological_process
+ osmolarity signaling pathway via two-component system
+ gosubset_prok
+ osmosensory signalling pathway via two-component system
+ osmolarity signalling pathway via two-component system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular signaling cascade
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ intracellular signalling cascade
+ A series of reactions within the cell that occur as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein kinase cascade
+
+ Reactome:258983
+ Reactome:274021
+ Reactome:163358
+ Reactome:291709
+ Reactome:255603
+ Reactome:252437
+ Reactome:211745
+ Reactome:286520
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:282794
+ Reactome:288299
+ Reactome:230132
+ Reactome:249654
+ Reactome:262353
+ Reactome:244747
+ Reactome:238158
+ Reactome:280499
+ Reactome:221512
+ Reactome:268322
+ Reactome:265200
+ A series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+
+ Reactome:166166
+ activation of the inhibitor of kappa kinase
+ Reactome:166058
+ Reactome:211840
+ A series of reactions initiated by the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. NF-kappaB is sequestered by the inhibitor I-kappaB, and is released when I-kappaB is phosphorylated by activated I-kappaB kinase.
+ NIK-I-kappaB/NF-kappaB cascade
+ Reactome:238238
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ I-kappaB phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into an I-kappaB protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The selective interaction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.
+ cytoplasmic NF-kappaB retention
+ cytoplasmic NF-kappaB storage
+ cytoplasmic retention of NF-kappaB
+ maintenance of NF-kappaB location in cytoplasm
+ cytoplasmic NF-kappaB sequestration
+ cytoplasmic storage of NF-kappaB
+ cytoplasmic sequestration of NF-kappaB
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ JNK cascade
+
+
+ MAPK8 cascade
+ SAPK cascade
+ stress-activated protein kinase cascade
+ JNK3 cascade
+ MAPK10 cascade
+ JNK2 cascade
+ MAPK9 cascade
+ JNK1 cascade
+ biological_process
+ A cascade of protein kinase activities, culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of a member of the JUN kinase subfamily of stress-activated protein kinases, which in turn are a subfamily of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases that is activated primarily by cytokines and exposure to environmental stress.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of JNKK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of JUN kinase kinase activity
+ The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase kinase (JNKK) activity in response to phosphorylation by a member of the JUN kinase kinase kinase (JNKKK) family, or another upstream kinase. JNKKs are involved in a signaling pathway that is primarily activated by cytokines and exposure to environmental stress.
+ positive regulation of JUNKK activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of JUN kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase by phosphorylation by a JUN kinase kinase (JNKK).
+ biological_process
+ activation of SAPK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ JUN phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into a JUN protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ JAK-STAT cascade
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of cytokines to their cognate receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ JAK-induced STAT protein dimerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of a dimer of two STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) following their activation by members of the janus activated kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ STAT protein nuclear translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The transport of dimerized STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) proteins into the nucleus following activation by members of the janus activated kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
+
+ NO mediated signal transduction
+ NO-mediated signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+
+ biological_process
+ small GTPase-mediated signal transduction
+ Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ras protein signal transduction
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
+ Ras mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rho protein signal transduction
+
+ Rho mediated signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rho family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell signaling
+
+ goslim_generic
+ biological_process
+ cell-cell signalling
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another.
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic transmission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ neurotransmission
+ The process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
+ regulation of synapse
+ Wikipedia:Neurotransmission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter secretion
+
+
+
+
+ The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.
+ neurotransmitter release
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nerve-nerve synaptic transmission
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ensheathment of neurons
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby glial cells envelop neuronal cell bodies and/or axons to form an insulating layer. This can take the form of myelinating or non-myelinating ensheathment.
+ biological_process
+ ionic insulation of neurons by glial cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromuscular synaptic transmission
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of communication from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal development
+
+
+ Note that this term was 'developmental process'.
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
+ goslim_plant
+ biological_process
+ goslim_goa
+ goslim_generic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamete generation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0009552
+ biological_process
+ The generation and maintenance of gametes. A gamete is a haploid reproductive cell.
+ gamete generation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ gametogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pole cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a pole cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole cell formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of a small group of cells (pole cells) at the posterior pole of the insect blastula. They are the first cells to cellularize after the arrival of nuclei at the end of the syncytial blastula stage and are the precursors to the insect germ cells.
+ See also the Cell Ontology term 'pole cell ; CL:0000301'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ See also the Cell Ontology term 'pole cell ; CL:0000301'.
+ The directed movement of pole cells (germline progenitors in insects) from their site of production at the posterior pole of the embryo through to the site where the gonads will form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primordial germ cell development
+ biological_process
+ germ-cell development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cystoblast division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by the cystoblast to form a 16-cell cyst. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells.
+ cystoblast cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Spermatogenesis
+ generation of spermatozoa
+ The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatogonial cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The mitotic divisions of the primary spermatogonial cell (a primordial male germ cell) to form a cyst of secondary spermatogonia (primary spermatocytes).
+ See also the Cell Ontology terms 'spermatogonium ; CL:0000020' and 'primary spermatocyte ; CL:0000656'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary spermatocyte growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The phase of growth and gene expression that male germ cells undergo as they enter the spermatocyte stage. The cells grow in volume and transcribe most of the gene products needed for the morphological events that follow meiosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatid development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatid cell development
+ Wikipedia:Spermiogenesis
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a male gamete over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ biological_process
+ spermiogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Nebenkern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the cellular component term 'Nebenkern ; GO:0016006', and the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'Nebenkern ; FBbt:00004943'.
+ Fusion of mitochondria during insect spermatid differentiation to form two masses, which wrap around each other to form a densely packed sphere called the Nebenkern.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm axoneme assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The assembly and organization of the sperm flagellar axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of the eukaryotic sperm flagellum, and is responsible for movement.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatid nucleus differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The specialization of the spermatid nucleus during the development of a spermatid into a mature male gamete competent for fertilization.
+ biological_process
+ See also the Cell Ontology term 'spermatid ; CL:0000018'.
+ spermatid nuclear differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatid nucleus elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The change in shape of the spermatid nucleus from a spherical structure to an elongated organelle, during the latter part of spermatid differentiation.
+ spermatid nuclear elongation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm individualization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The resolution of the male germline syncytium or cyst into individual gametes by packaging each spermatid into its own plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female gamete generation
+
+ Generation of the female gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a male gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germarium-derived egg chamber formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Construction of a stage-1 egg chamber in the anterior part of the germarium, from the progeny of germ-line and somatic stem cells.
+ egg chamber formation (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germarium-derived oocyte fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte cell fate determination (sensu Insecta)
+ maintenance of oocyte identity (sensu Insecta)
+ GO:0016350
+ oocyte fate determination (sensu Insecta)
+ Process by which a germarium-derived cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth of a germarium-derived egg chamber
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ egg chamber growth (sensu Insecta)
+ Growth of the egg chamber between the time it leaves the germarium and the onset of vitellogenesis. During this time both nurse cells and the oocyte undergo developmental changes including nuclear organization and cytoplasmic growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitellogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The production of yolk. Yolk is a mixture of materials used for embryonic nutrition.
+ Wikipedia:Vitellogenesis
+ biological_process
+ yolk production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian follicle cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of ovarian follicle cells that takes place during oogenesis. During egg chamber formation, follicle cells migrate to envelop the germ-line cysts and move in between cysts. At stage 10B, follicle cells migrate centripetally between the nurse cells and the oocyte, enclosing the anterior of the egg.
+ biological_process
+ follicle cell migration (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ border follicle cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ border cell migration (sensu Insecta)
+ border follicle cell migration (sensu Insecta)
+ The directed movement of the border cells through the nurse cells to reach the oocyte.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian follicle cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ follicle cell adhesion (sensu Insecta)
+ The attachment of a somatic follicle cell to another somatic follicle cell or to its substratum, the germline cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian nurse cell to oocyte transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Transfer of constituents synthesized in the ovarian nurse cells to the oocyte, through the ring canals, as the egg chamber is growing.
+ biological_process
+ nurse cell to oocyte transport (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian ring canal formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Assembly of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a female cyst.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nurse cell nucleus anchoring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Attachment of the nurse cell nucleus to the plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of cytoplasmic constituents synthesized in the nurse cells to the oocyte.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chorion-containing eggshell formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The construction of a chorion-containing eggshell.
+ biological_process
+ eggshell formation (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitelline membrane formation in chorion-containing eggshell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of a chorion-containing eggshells, such as those eggshells found in insects.
+ vitelline membrane formation (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eggshell chorion assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eggshell chorion formation
+ insect chorion formation
+ Construction of the chorion portion of the eggshell, which comprises the channels for gas exchange in an insect eggshell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eggshell chorion gene amplification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Amplification by up to 60-fold of the loci containing the chorion gene clusters. Amplification is necessary for the rapid synthesis of chorion proteins by the follicle cells, and occurs by repeated firing of one or more origins located within each gene cluster.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte construction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte arrangement
+ The synthesis, deposition, and organization of the materials in a cell of an animal ovary that can then undergo meiosis and form an ovum.
+ oocyte construction (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048110
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis in the oocyte.
+ biological_process
+ oocyte axis determination
+ GO:0048111
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
+
+
+ oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination
+ biological_process
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte.
+ GO:0048123
+ oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ GO:0008072
+ oocyte dorsoventral axis specification
+ oocyte dorsal-ventral axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded
+
+ maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048124
+ Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line.
+ maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded (sensu Insecta)
+ maternal specification of dorsal-ventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded
+ maternal specification of dorsoventral axis, oocyte, germ-line encoded
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte nucleus migration during oocyte axis specification
+
+
+ oocyte nucleus migration during oocyte axis determination
+ oocyte axis determination, oocyte nuclear migration (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte nuclear migration during oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte nuclear migration during oocyte axis determination
+ biological_process
+ GO:0008102
+ oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus migration
+ oocyte nucleus migration during oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte axis determination, oocyte nuclear migration
+ GO:0048128
+ The directed movement of the oocyte nucleus within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the axes of the oocyte.
+ oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus migration (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maternal specification of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded
+
+ GO:0048125
+ maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ maternal specification of dorsal-ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded
+ maternal specification of dorsoventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded
+ maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, oocyte, soma encoded
+ Polarization of the oocyte along the dorsal-ventral axis, by a gene product encoded by somatic cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte anterior/posterior axis specification
+
+
+ oocyte anterior/posterior axis determination
+ GO:0048112
+ oocyte anterior/posterior axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ Polarization of the oocyte along its anterior-posterior axis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole plasm assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Establishment of the specialized cytoplasm found at the poles of the egg.
+ pole plasm assembly (sensu Insecta)
+ GO:0048113
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole plasm RNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte pole plasm RNA localization
+ GO:0048116
+ establishment and maintenance of pole plasm RNA localization
+ pole plasm RNA localization (sensu Insecta)
+ Any process by which RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process by which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole plasm protein localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte pole plasm protein localization
+ pole plasm protein localization (sensu Insecta)
+ GO:0048115
+ establishment and maintenance of pole plasm protein localization
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of oskar mRNA translation
+
+
+ down-regulation of oskar mRNA translation
+ down regulation of oskar mRNA translation
+ inhibition of oskar mRNA translation
+ downregulation of oskar mRNA translation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate that oskar mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insemination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Insemination
+ biological_process
+ The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm displacement
+
+ The physical displacement of sperm stored from previous mating encounters.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide pheromone maturation
+
+ pheromone processing (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0046613
+ biological_process
+ a-factor processing (proteolytic)
+ alpha-factor maturation
+ pheromone processing
+ GO:0007324
+ GO:0007326
+ The generation of a mature, active peptide pheromone via processes unique to its processing and modification.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter by pheromones
+ Any process involving pheromones that activates or increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+ up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+ upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+ activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+ stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single fertilization
+
+ The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
+ zygote formation
+ fertilization (sensu Metazoa)
+ zygote biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ binding of sperm to zona pellucida
+
+ The process by which the sperm binds to the zona pellucida glycoprotein layer of the egg. The process begins with the attachment of the sperm plasma membrane to the zona pellucida and includes attachment of the acrosome inner membrane to the zona pellucida after the acrosomal reaction takes place.
+ biological_process
+ ZPG binding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acrosome reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The discharge, by sperm, of a single, anterior secretory granule following the sperm's attachment to the zona pellucida surrounding the oocyte. The process begins with the fusion of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm plasma membrane and ends with the exocytosis of the acrosomal contents into the egg.
+ Wikipedia:Acrosome_reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ penetration of zona pellucida
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The infiltration by sperm of the zona pellucida to reach the oocyte. The process involves digestive enzymes from a modified lysosome called the acrosome, situated at the head of the sperm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ sperm-oocyte fusion
+ The binding and fusion of a sperm, having penetrated the zona pellucida, with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. Binding occurs at the posterior (post-acrosomal) region of the sperm head.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ egg activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Egg_activation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the egg becomes metabolically active, initiates protein and DNA synthesis and undergoes structural changes to its cortex and/or cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pronuclear fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The merging of two pronuclei in a fertilized egg to fuse and produce a single zygotic genome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.
+ regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
+ mitotic cell cycle regulation
+ mitotic cell cycle regulator
+ control of mitotic cell cycle progression
+ biological_process
+ mitotic cell cycle modulation
+ modulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
+ goslim_pombe
+ regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ mitotic cell cycle control
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
+ preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle control
+ control of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
+ biological_process
+ preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle regulator
+ modulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
+ preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle modulation
+ regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
+ regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle regulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ control of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
+ modulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
+ syncytial blastoderm cell cycle modulation
+ syncytial blastoderm cell cycle regulation
+ syncytial blastoderm cell cycle control
+ regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
+ syncytial blastoderm cell cycle regulator
+ biological_process
+ regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellularization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cellularization (sensu Metazoa)
+ GO:0009796
+ The separation of a multi-nucleate cell or syncytium into individual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blastoderm segmentation
+
+
+ The hierarchical steps resulting in the progressive subdivision of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tripartite regional subdivision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Subdivision of the embryo along the anterior/posterior axis into anterior, posterior and terminal regions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zygotic determination of dorsal/ventral axis
+
+
+ zygotic determination of dorsal-ventral axis
+ biological_process
+ zygotic determination of dorsoventral axis
+ The specification of the dorsal/ventral axis of the embryo, through the products of genes expressed in the zygote.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zygotic determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo
+
+ biological_process
+ The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by products of genes expressed in the zygote; exemplified in insects by the gap genes, pair rule genes and segment polarity gene cascade.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior region determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Specification of the anterior (head and thoracic segments) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of hunchback gene product.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thorax and anterior abdomen determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Specification of the central (trunk) regions of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of the Kruppel gene product.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of central gap gene transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of central gap gene transcription
+ biological_process
+ The activation of genes encoding transcription factors in the central region of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila Kruppel gene by the hunchback and bicoid gene products.
+ activation of central gap gene transcription
+ stimulation of central gap gene transcription
+ upregulation of central gap gene transcription
+ activation of central gap gene
+ up regulation of central gap gene transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of central gap gene boundaries
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Specification of the borders of central gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes; in insects this is exemplified by knirps repression of Kruppel.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior abdomen determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this process is exemplified in insects by the actions of the knirps gene product.
+ The regionalization process by which the posterior (abdominal) regions of the embryo are specified by the gap genes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of posterior gap gene transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of posterior gap gene transcription
+ knirps activation
+ up regulation of posterior gap gene transcription
+ activation of posterior gap gene transcription
+ biological_process
+ The activation of genes encoding transcription factors in the posterior region of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila knirps gene.
+ stimulation of posterior gap gene transcription
+ upregulation of posterior gap gene transcription
+ activation of posterior gap gene
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of posterior gap gene boundaries
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Specification of the borders of posterior gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes; in insects this is exemplified by hunchback and tailless repression of knirps.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terminal region determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Specification of the terminal regions (the two non-segmented ends) of the embryo by the gap genes; exemplified in insects by the actions of huckebein and tailless gene products.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of terminal gap gene transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of terminal gap gene
+ upregulation of terminal gap gene transcription
+ biological_process
+ The activation of genes encoding transcription factors at the anterior and posterior ends of an insect embryo by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves; exemplified by the activation of expression of the Drosophila tailless and huckebein genes.
+ up-regulation of terminal gap gene transcription
+ stimulation of terminal gap gene transcription
+ activation of terminal gap gene transcription
+ up regulation of terminal gap gene transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of terminal gap gene boundary
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Specification of the borders of terminal gap gene expression mediated largely by the effects of other gap genes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ periodic partitioning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that examples of periodic partitions are tagmata, segments or parasegments.
+ The regionalization process that divides the spatial regions of an embryo into serially repeated regions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ periodic partitioning by pair rule gene
+
+ biological_process
+ Allocation of cells to parasegments in the embryo, through the action of overlapping series of pair rule gene activities.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ segment polarity determination
+
+ Division of the 14 parasegments of the embryo into anterior and posterior compartments; exemplified by the actions of the segment polarity gene products.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of left/right symmetry
+
+ The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gastrulation
+
+ biological_process
+ A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
+ Wikipedia:Gastrulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral furrow formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of a ventral indentation (furrow) from the blastoderm epithelium, which is internalized to form a tube in the interior of the embryo, marking the start of gastrulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral midline determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regionalization process by which the area where the ventral furrow will begin invagination is specified.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of anterior border of ventral midline
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of posterior border of ventral midline
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior midgut invagination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Formation of a cup-shaped invagination at the posterior end of the embryo, bringing the posterior midgut and hindgut primordia into the interior.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior midgut invagination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Internalization of the anterior midgut into the interior of the embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cephalic furrow formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of a partial necklace of inturning tissue on the lateral sides of the embryo, along the dorsal-ventral axis. This furrow demarcates head from thorax in the developing protostome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ-band extension
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Elongation of the germ band on the ventral side of the embryo, accompanied by a halving in width. The elongation process pushes the posterior midgut invagination closed and compresses the amnioserosa further.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amnioserosa formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis. This occurs by the transformation of a narrow strip of cells at the dorsal midline of the blastoderm from columnar to squamous cells, accompanied by a lateral shift.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ segment specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby segments assume individual identities; exemplified in insects by the actions of the products of the homeotic genes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of segmental identity, head
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The specification of the characteristic structures of the head segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of segmental identity, labial segment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'labial segment ; FBbt:00000014'.
+ The specification of the characteristic structures of the labial segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The specification of the characteristic structures of the maxillary segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'maxillary segment ; FBbt:00000013'.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of segmental identity, antennal segment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The specification of the characteristic structures of the antennal segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'antennal segment ; FBbt:00000009'.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of segmental identity, thorax
+
+ biological_process
+ The specification of the characteristic structures of the thoracic segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of segmental identity, abdomen
+
+ The specification of the characteristic structures of the abdominal segments following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compartment specification
+
+ The regionalization process by which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior compartment specification
+
+ The process giving rise to specification of cell identity in the anterior compartments of the segmented embryo.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior compartment specification
+
+ The process involved in the specification of cell identity in the posterior compartments of the segmented embryo.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pattern specification process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pattern formation
+ biological_process
+ pattern biosynthesis
+ Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ-band shortening
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ-band retraction
+ biological_process
+ The spreading of the amnioserosa from its compressed state to cover the whole of the dorsal surface. Initiating in the thorax and spreading posteriorly, it is accompanied by the transition from a parasegmental to segmental division of the embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal closure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process during Drosophila embryogenesis whereby the ectodermal cells of the lateral epithelium stretch in a coordinated fashion to internalize the amnioserosa cells and close the embryo dorsally.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initiation of dorsal closure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Events that occur at the start of dorsal closure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell within the dorsal ectoderm becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal closure, elongation of leading edge cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in shape of cells at the dorsal-most (leading) edge of the epidermis from being polygonal to being elongated in the dorsal/ventral axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal closure, spreading of leading edge cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Dorsally-directed movement of the cells at the leading edge of the epithelium over the amnioserosa.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suture of dorsal opening
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Closure of the dorsal hole. Filopodia extending from each leading edge interdigitate at the dorsal midline and appear to prime the formation of adherens junctions between the two rows of leading edge cells. Newly formed septate junctions are also used to seal the dorsal hole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectoderm development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nervous system development
+
+ pan-neural process
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0007408
+ neuroblast cell fate determination
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ neuroblast fate determination (sensu Vertebrata)
+ GO:0043348
+ GO:0043347
+ neuroblast fate determination (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+ neuroblast identity determination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ganglion mother cell fate determination
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ganglion mother cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell fate determination (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+ GO:0043361
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0043349
+ neuroblast proliferation (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+ neuroblast proliferation (sensu Vertebrata)
+ biological_process
+ GO:0043350
+ The expansion of a neuroblast population by cell division. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of neuroblast proliferation
+ down regulation of neuroblast proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts.
+ downregulation of neuroblast proliferation
+ inhibition of neuroblast proliferation
+ suppression of neuroblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ neuroblast activation (sensu Vertebrata)
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a neuroblast resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
+ neuroblast activation (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+ GO:0043351
+ GO:0043352
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axonogenesis
+
+ axon growth
+ GO:0007410
+ neuron long process generation
+ Generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon guidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Axon_guidance
+ axon growth cone guidance
+ GO:0008040
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon target recognition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which an axon recognizes and binds to a set of cells with which it may form stable connections.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axonal fasciculation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ fasciculation of neuron
+ The collection of axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axonal defasciculation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Separation of axons away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.
+ defasciculation of neuron
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defasciculation of motor neuron axon
+
+ biological_process
+ Separation of a motor axon away from a bundle of axons known as a fascicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Synaptogenesis
+ The biosynthesis of a synapse.
+ synapse biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CNS development
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Neural_development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral midline development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral midline over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In protostomes (such as insects, snails and worms) as well as deuterostomes (vertebrates), the midline is an embryonic region that functions in patterning of the adjacent nervous tissue. The ventral midline in insects is a cell population extending along the ventral surface of the embryo and is the region from which cells detach to form the ventrally located nerve cords. In vertebrates, the midline is originally located dorsally. During development, it folds inwards and becomes the ventral part of the dorsally located neural tube and is then called the ventral midline, or floor plate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral cord development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ventral cord is one of the distinguishing traits of the central nervous system of all arthropods (such as insects, crustaceans and arachnids) as well as many other invertebrates, such as the annelid worms.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brain development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stomatogastric nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatogastric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory organ development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of sensory organs over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+ sense organ development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ open tracheal system development
+
+ tracheal system development (sensu Insecta)
+ trachea development (sensu Insecta)
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'tracheal system ; FBbt:00005024'.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an open tracheal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An open tracheal system is a respiratory system, a branched network of epithelial tubes that supplies oxygen to target tissues via spiracles.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epithelial cell within an open tracheal system regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Tracheal cells are set aside as 10 clusters of approximately 80 cells on each side of the embryo (termed tracheal placodes).
+ tracheal epithelial cell fate determination (sensu Insecta)
+ tracheal placode cell fate determination (sensu Insecta)
+ tracheal cell fate determination (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ GO:0046846
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tracheal outgrowth, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The projection of branches of an open tracheal system towards their target tissues.
+ tracheal outgrowth (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell migration, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The orderly movement of epithelial cells during development of an open tracheal system.
+ tracheal epithelial cell migration (sensu Insecta)
+ tracheal cell migration (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary branching, open tracheal system
+
+ primary tracheal branching (sensu Insecta)
+ Formation of primary branches in the open tracheal system. These form from small groups of cells that migrate out at specific positions, organizing into tubes as they migrate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary branching, open tracheal system
+
+ secondary tracheal branching (sensu Insecta)
+ Sprouting of secondary branches in an open tracheal system. These form from the tips of primary branches and are formed by individual cells that roll up into unicellular tubes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terminal branching, open tracheal system
+
+ terminal branching of trachea, cytoplasmic projection extension (sensu Insecta)
+ Formation of terminal branches in the open tracheal system. These are long cytoplasmic extensions that form fine tubules that transport oxygen directly to the tissues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salivary gland development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Salivary glands include any of the saliva-secreting exocrine glands of the oral cavity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salivary gland boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salivary gland determination
+ biological_process
+ Determination of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval salivary gland boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Determination in a larval organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.
+ larval salivary gland determination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult salivary gland boundary specification
+
+ larval salivary gland determination
+ biological_process
+ Determination in an adult organism of where the salivary gland forms, the total number of salivary gland cells and how many cells are allocated to each of the specialised cell types within the salivary gland.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salivary gland morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval salivary gland morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring in the larva, by which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult salivary gland morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the adult salivary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oenocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oenocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The oenocytes are large secretory cells found in clusters underlying the epidermis of larval abdominal segments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectodermal gut development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ectodermal gut includes those portions of the gut that are derived from ectoderm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ foregut morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hindgut morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Malpighian tubule morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the Malpighian tubule are generated and organized. This process takes place entirely during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A Malpighian tubule is a fine, thin-walled excretory tubule in insects which leads into the posterior part of the gut.
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'Malpighian tubule ; FBbt:00005786'.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the imaginal disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of imaginal disc primordium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Allocation of embryonic cells to the imaginal disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of an imaginal disc compartment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The increase in mass of imaginal discs by cell proliferation prior to metamorphosis. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult structures (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regionalization process that results in defined areas of the imaginal disc that will undergo specific cell differentaiton. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior/posterior pattern formation, imaginal disc
+
+
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that rapidly develop into adult appendages during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proximal/distal pattern formation, imaginal disc
+
+
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal/ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc
+
+
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the imaginal disc. Imaginal disks are masses of hypodermic cells, carried by the larvae of some insects after leaving the egg, from which masses the wings and legs of the adult are subsequently formed.
+ dorsal-ventral pattern formation, imaginal disc
+ dorsoventral pattern formation, imaginal disc
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal/ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsoventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc
+ biological_process
+ Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
+ dorsal-ventral lineage restriction, imaginal disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clypeo-labral disc morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphogenesis of structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc
+ clypeo-labral disc metamorphosis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This includes the transformation of a clypeo-labal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the labrum, anterior and posterior cibarial plates, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite and clypeus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ labial disc morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ labial disc metamorphosis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures derived from the labial disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This includes the transformation of a labial imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including parts of the proboscis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye-antennal disc morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This includes the transformation of an eye-antennal imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.
+ eye-antennal disc metamorphosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progression of morphogenetic furrow during compound eye morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ progression of morphogenetic furrow (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The morphogenetic furrow is a dorsoventral indentation which sweeps anteriorly across the eye disc. Ommatidia begin to form along the furrow, resulting in a graded series of ommatidial development across the anterior/posterior axis of the disc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R8 cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the R8 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R8 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the basal parts of the ommatidium.
+ restriction of R8 fate
+ biological_process
+ GO:0007461
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R1/R6 cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the R1/R6 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R2/R5 cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the R2/R5 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R3/R4 cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the R3/R4 photoreceptors commit to their cell fate. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors which contribute the outer rhabdomeres.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R7 cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the R7 photoreceptor commits to its cell fate. The R7 receptor contributes the central part of the rhabdomere in the apical parts of the ommatidium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of rhodopsin gene expression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression. This includes transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational regulation.
+ regulation of rhodopsin gene activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antennal development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antenna over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antenna are the sensory structures on the head that are capable of detecting various environmental stimuli.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prothoracic disc morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures derived from the prothoracic disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This includes the transformation of a prothoracic imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult humerous and anterior spiracle.
+ prothoracic disc metamorphosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wing disc morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures derived from the wing disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This includes the transformation of a wing imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.
+ wing disc metamorphosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wing disc proximal/distal pattern formation
+
+
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regionalization process by which the area of a imaginal disc-derived wing that will form a wing vein is specified.
+ wing vein specification
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apposition of dorsal and ventral imaginal disc-derived wing surfaces
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The coming together of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the imaginal disc-derived wing during the conversion of a folded single layered wing disc to a flat bilayered wing.
+ apposition of dorsal and ventral wing surfaces
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wing morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The wing is an appendage modified for flying.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ notum development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal part of the body over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leg disc morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures derived from the leg disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This includes the transformation of a leg imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into recognizable adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.
+ leg disc metamorphosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leg disc proximal/distal pattern formation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis of the leg imaginal disc, a precursor to the adult leg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leg morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a leg derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ haltere disc morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ haltere disc metamorphosis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures derived from the haltere disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This includes the transformation of a haltere imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ haltere development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the haltere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The haltere is the club-shaped 'balancers' found on each side of the metathorax among the true flies (Diptera). They are the much-modified hind wings.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genital disc morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures derived from the genital disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This includes the transformation of a genital imaginal disc from a monolayered epithelium in the larvae of holometabolous insects into the recognizable adult genital structures, the anal plates and the hind gut.
+ biological_process
+ genital disc metamorphosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived genitalia development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genital development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure.
+ genitalia development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived male genitalia development
+
+ biological_process
+ male genital development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure.
+ male genitalia development (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived female genitalia development
+
+
+ female genital development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation as part of the genital disc to the mature structure.
+ female genitalia development (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ analia development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. As in, but not restricted to, the Holometabola (Endopterygota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33392).
+ biological_process
+ analia development (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histoblast morphogenesis
+
+ histoblast metamorphosis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures derived from the histoblast disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This includes the transformation of histoblast cells into adult structures during pupal metamorphosis. Histoblast cells are cells founded in the embryo that are the progenitors to the adult abdomen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of imaginal histoblast diploidy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The negative regulation of the differentiation of polytenized larval hypodermal cells from abdominal histoblasts. The abdominal histoblasts remain a small cluster of diploid cells among the polytenized larval hypodermal cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tergite morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the tergite are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The tergite is the primary plate or sclerite forming the dorsal surface of any insect body segment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sternite morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the sternite are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The sternite is the plate or sclerite on the underside of a body segment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoderm development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term was 'endoderm determination'. Changed string to make it more consistent with parent term 'cell fate determination'.
+ endoderm cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ midgut development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visceral mesoderm-endoderm interaction involved in midgut development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of cell-cell signaling between visceral mesoderm cells and endoderm cells that is involved in the differentiation of cells in the midgut.
+ biological_process
+ visceral mesoderm/endoderm interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior midgut development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior midgut development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectoderm and mesoderm interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ectoderm/mesoderm interaction
+ A cell-cell signaling process occurring between the two gastrulation-generated layers of the ectoderm and the mesoderm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term was 'mesoderm determination'. Changed string to make more consistent with parent term 'cell fate determination'.
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ mesoderm cell fate determination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm cell fate specification
+ Note that this term was 'fate specification in mesoderm'. String of term was changed to correspond to format of sibling terms 'endoderm cell fate specification' and 'ectoderm cell fate specification'.
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gut mesoderm development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gut mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gut of the organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fat body development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fat body is an insect gland dorsal to the insect gut, with a function analogous to that of the vertebrate liver. It is a storage organ for fats, glycogen and protein and is a major site of intermediary metabolism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval fat body development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval fat body consists of a bilaterally symmetrical monolayer of cells lying between the gut and the muscles of the body wall. As in other tissues of the larva, the cells of the fat body complete their divisions in the embryo and increase in size and ploidy during larval life.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult fat body development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult fat body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Larval fat body cells that remain at eclosion degenerate in the first 2 to 4 days of adult life, leaving behind the smaller cells of the adult fat body.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gonadal mesoderm development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonadal mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonadal mesoderm is the middle layer of the three primary germ layers of the embryo which will go on to form the gonads of the organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
+ GO:0007511
+ Wikipedia:Heart_development
+ cardiac development
+ dorsal vessel development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval heart development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In Drosophila the larval heart (dorsal vessel) is a continuous tube of mesodormal cells that runs beneath the dorsal midline of the epidermis, divided into an anterior aorta and a posterior heart proper.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The migration of mesodermal cells during gastrulation to help establish the multilayered body plan of the organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardioblast cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult heart development
+
+ adult cardiac development
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pericardial cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized features of a pericardial cell. In insects, pericardial cells are loosely arranged non-myogenic cells that flank the cardioblasts and probably act in the filtration of hemolymph.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ garland cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a garland cell, a small group of nephrocytes which take up waste materials from the hemolymph by endocytosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arthropod blood cell development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hemocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
+ hemocyte development (sensu Arthropoda)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle organ development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle tissue development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myogenesis
+ The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult muscle that occurs in the anima. In vertebrate skeletal muscle the main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.
+ GO:0048637
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process whereby non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visceral muscle development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval visceral muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult visceral muscle development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult visceral muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic muscle development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This muscle is found in Nematodes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval somatic muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larval somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult somatic muscle development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adult somatic muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromuscular junction development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromuscular junction over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of synaptic specificity at neuromuscular junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The biological process by which a synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle is initially formed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sex determination
+
+ Wikipedia:Sex-determination_system
+ biological_process
+ Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating type determination
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of mating type upon an individual. Mating types are the equivalent in microorganisms of the sexes in higher organisms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription, mating-type specific
+
+
+ mating-type specific transcriptional control
+ biological_process
+ Any mating-type specific process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating type switching
+
+
+
+ mating type switching and recombination
+ The conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene conversion at mating-type locus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another resulting from the recombinational repair of a site-specific double-strand break at the mating-type locus with information from a silent donor sequence. There is no reciprocal exchange of information because the mating-type locus copies information from the donor sequence and the donor sequence remains unchanged.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ donor selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ donor preference
+ The process by which a cell uses one locus in preference to another as the donor in mating type switching.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of recombination (HML)
+
+
+ The activation of recombination at a mating type locus, such that it is used in preference to the other donor locus for mating type switching; exemplified by the HML locus and surrounding sequences on Chromosome III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inactivation of recombination (HML)
+
+
+ The inactivation of recombination at sequences around a mating type donor locus, with the consequence that the other donor is the only one available for mating type switching; exemplified by the HML locus and surrounding sequences on Chromosome III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary sex determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary sex determination, soma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The transmission of information about sexual status from the initial, general, determination to signals specific to the soma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sex determination, establishment of X:A ratio
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The developmental process by which an organism senses the number of X chromosomes and autosomes in its genomic complement and responds to it.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sex determination, primary response to X:A ratio
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The developmental process by which an organism interprets its X to autosomal chromosomal complement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary sex determination, germ-line
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The transmission of information about sexual status, from the initial general determination, to signals specific to the germ-line.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sex determination, somatic-gonadal interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sex determination, somatic/gonadal interaction
+ biological_process
+ The process that mediates the interactions between somatic cells and gonadal cells that ultimately results in the specification of sexual status of the organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ processes downstream of sex determination signal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic processes downstream of sex determination signal
+
+ The events determining the somatic sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to soma-specific information pathways.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ-line processes downstream of sex determination signal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The events determining the germ-line sexual phenotype after the initial transmission of that phenotype to germ-line-specific information pathways.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sex differentiation
+
+ Wikipedia:Sexual_differentiation
+ The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dosage compensation
+
+ Wikipedia:Dosage_compensation
+ biological_process
+ Compensating for the two-fold variation in X:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by a global activation or inactivation of all, or most of, genes on one or both of the X chromosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metamorphosis
+
+ metamorphosis (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ metamorphosis (sensu Amphibia)
+ A biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. For example the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult.
+ Wikipedia:Metamorphosis
+ GO:0046699
+ GO:0046698
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ecdysteroid metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthesis
+ regulation of ecdysteroid formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids.
+ regulation of ecdysteroid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of ecdysteroid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of juvenile hormone metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of juvenile hormone anabolism
+ regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis
+ regulation of juvenile hormone formation
+ regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of juvenile hormone secretion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Histolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ imaginal disc metamorphosis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The imaginal discs are epithelial infoldings in the larvae of holometabolous insects that develop into adult appendages (legs, antennae, wings, etc.) during metamorphosis from larval to adult form.
+ GO:0007452
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc eversion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The eversion (turning inside out) of imaginal discs from their peripodial sacs, resulting in movement of the epithelium to the outside of the larval epidermis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eclosion
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Pupa
+ The emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of eclosion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cuticle hardening
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cuticle tanning
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female pregnancy
+
+
+ gestation
+ The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.
+ Wikipedia:Gestation
+ biological_process
+ carrying of young
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryo implantation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.
+ blastocyst implantation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parturition
+
+
+ egg laying
+ giving birth
+ biological_process
+ The reproductive process in which the parent is separated from its offspring either by giving birth to live young or by laying eggs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aging
+
+ ageing
+ The inherent decline over time, from the optimal fertility and viability of early maturity, that may precede death and may be preceded by other indications, such as sterility.
+ Wikipedia:AgingSenescence
+ GO:0016280
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell aging
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cellular senescence
+ Progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan.
+ cell ageing
+ cell aging (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ Wikipedia:Senescence
+ cell aging (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent general metabolic decline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age-dependent increased protein content
+ biological_process
+ nucleolar size increase
+ nucleolar size increase (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ The process arising as the cell progresses toward the end of its lifespan that cause changes cellular metabolism, resulting in a decline in cell function; for example, a decline in the efficiency of protein synthesis.
+ age-dependent decreased translational activity
+ age-dependent yeast cell size increase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolar fragmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolar size increase (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ nucleolar size increase
+ GO:0046616
+ nucleolar fragmentation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrachromosomal circular DNA accumulation during cell aging
+
+ Increase in abundance, as cells age, of circular DNA molecules that originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats, and replicated independently of chromosomal replication.
+ Note that the term string was changed to be consistent with placement of this term in cell aging hierarchy.
+ biological_process
+ extrachromosomal circular DNA accumulation during cell ageing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to nutrient
+
+
+ nutritional response pathway
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
+ response to nutrients
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory gaseous exchange
+
+ The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment. In plants, microorganisms, and many small animals, air or water makes direct contact with the organism's cells or tissue fluids, and the processes of diffusion supply the organism with dioxygen (O2) and remove carbon dioxide (CO2). In larger animals the efficiency of gaseous exchange is improved by specialized respiratory organs, such as lungs and gills, which are ventilated by breathing mechanisms.
+ respiration
+ breathing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ digestion
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Digestion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sugar utilization
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ excretion
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Excretion
+ The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ body fluid secretion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The controlled release of a fluid by a cell or group of cells in a multicellular organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molting cycle, chitin-based cuticle
+
+ biological_process
+ molting cycle (sensu Insecta)
+ The periodic shedding of part or all of a chitin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new cuticle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-based cuticle development
+
+ cuticle biosynthetic process (sensu Protostomia and Nematoda)
+ cuticle synthesis (sensu Protostomia and Nematoda)
+ cuticle anabolism (sensu Protostomia and Nematoda)
+ cuticle formation (sensu Protostomia and Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+ Synthesis and deposition of a protein-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitin-based cuticle tanning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cross-linking of chitin and other cuticle proteins, rendering them insoluble and hardening the cuticle. This process generally darkens the color of the cuticle.
+ cuticle hardening
+ GO:0045452
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ puparial adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ puparial glue (sensu Diptera)
+ biological_process
+ The adhesion of the puparia of Diptera to their substrate; normally effected by a 'glue' secreted by the larval salivary gland and expectorated at the time of pupariation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Lactation
+ biological_process
+ The secretion of milk by the mammary gland.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:230334
+ Reactome:244925
+ Reactome:230054
+ The sequential process by which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.
+ Reactome:211988
+ Reactome:221752
+ Reactome:221419
+ Reactome:244684
+ Reactome:238370
+ blood clotting
+ Reactome:140877
+ Reactome:140875
+ Reactome:238072
+ Reactome:211647
+ Wikipedia:Coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway
+
+ Reactome:211792
+ Reactome:140837
+ See also the biological process term 'blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway ; GO:0007598'.
+ biological_process
+ A pathway of blood coagulation that occurs during the clotting of platelet-poor plasma, in which activation of factor X to factor Xa is effected by the combination of factor IXa + factor VIIIa + calcium ion + phospholipid.
+ Reactome:221605
+ Reactome:238239
+ Reactome:230203
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood coagulation, extrinsic pathway
+
+ Reactome:140834
+ Reactome:230165
+ A pathway of blood coagulation in which the earlier stages of the cascade are bypassed and the activation of factor X to factor Xa is effected by the combination of factor VIIa + thromboplastin; this second pathway occurs when tissue extracts are present in optimal amounts and is much more rapid than the intrinsic pathway.
+ Reactome:221557
+ Reactome:211793
+ Reactome:238197
+ See also the biological process term 'blood coagulation, intrinsic pathway ; GO:0007597'.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ The stopping of bleeding (loss of body fluid) or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part.
+ Wikipedia:Hemostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception
+
+ Wikipedia:Perception
+ biological_process
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visual perception
+
+ sensory visual perception
+ biological_process
+ vision
+ sense of sight
+ Wikipedia:Visual_perception
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phototransduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phototransduction, visible light, light adaptation
+ The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons into a molecular signal.
+ gosubset_prok
+ opsin
+ Wikipedia:Visual_phototransduction
+ phototrophin mediated phototransduction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phototransduction, visible light
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from visible light into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phototransduction, UV
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phototransduction, ultraviolet radiation
+ UV-sensitive opsin
+ phototransduction, ultraviolet light
+ biological_process
+ phototransduction, UV light
+ The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV light into a molecular signal; ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
+ phototransduction, UV radiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of sound
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.
+ perception of sound
+ Wikipedia:Hearing_(sense)
+ hearing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of chemical stimulus
+
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+ chemosensory perception
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of smell
+
+ olfaction
+ Wikipedia:Olfaction
+ smell perception
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors.
+ sense of smell
+ scent perception
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavior
+
+ goslim_goa
+ behavioral response to stimulus
+ biological_process
+ behavioural response to stimulus
+ goslim_plant
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_generic
+ behaviour
+ Wikipedia:Behavior
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Patterned activity of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ learning or memory
+
+
+ The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ learning
+
+ Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Learning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ memory
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Memory
+ The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ short-term memory
+
+ biological_process
+ The activities involved in the mental information processing system that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.
+ Wikipedia:Short-term_memory
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anesthesia-resistant memory
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long-term memory
+
+ The activities involved in the mental information processing system that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Long-term_memory
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Mating_behaviour
+ mating behaviour
+ The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating
+
+
+ The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ courtship behavior
+
+ biological_process
+ courtship behaviour
+ The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ copulation
+
+ The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of female receptivity
+
+ down-regulation of female receptivity
+ inhibition of female receptivity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances.
+ downregulation of female receptivity
+ down regulation of female receptivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhythmic behavior
+
+
+ rhythmic behaviour
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with measured regularity.
+ biological_process
+ rhythmic behavioural response to stimulus
+ rhythmic behavioral response to stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian rhythm
+
+ Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
+ circadian process
+ response to circadian rhythm
+ circadian response
+ GO:0050895
+ Wikipedia:Circadian_rhythm
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ultradian rhythm
+
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity more frequent than every 24 hours.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ grooming behavior
+
+ grooming behaviour
+ biological_process
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ locomotory behavior
+
+ locomotory behavioral response to stimulus
+ gosubset_prok
+ behavior via locomotion
+ The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
+ locomotory behaviour
+ biological_process
+ locomotion in response to stimulus
+ locomotory behavioural response to stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult walking behavior
+
+ adult walking behaviour
+ The actions or reactions of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flight behavior
+
+ The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air.
+ flight behaviour
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ jump response
+
+ biological_process
+ The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ feeding behavior
+
+ Behavior associated with the intake of food.
+ drinking
+ See also the biological process term 'behavior ; GO:0007610'.
+ biological_process
+ eating
+ behavioral response to food
+ feeding behaviour
+ Wikipedia:List_of_feeding_behaviours
+ behavioural response to food
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visual behavior
+
+
+
+ behavioural response to visual stimulus
+ visual behaviour
+ behavioral response to visual stimulus
+ The actions or reactions of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pattern orientation
+
+ biological_process
+ The actions or reactions of an individual in response to the orientation of a visual pattern. This is exemplified by some classes of insects which are able to detect and learn the orientation of a set of stripes and subsequently behaviorally discriminate between horizontal, vertical or 45 degree stripes.
+ behavioral response to pattern orientation
+ behavioural response to pattern orientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optokinetic behavior
+
+ optokinetic behaviour
+ The actions or reactions of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemosensory behavior
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.
+ behavioural response to chemical stimulus
+ behavioral response to chemical stimulus
+ chemosensory behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemosensory jump behavior
+
+
+ chemosensory jump behaviour
+ The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance.
+ jump response to chemical stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proboscis extension reflex
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ proboscis extension in response to sugar stimulus
+ The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a sugar stimulus.
+ behavioral response to sugar stimulus, proboscis extension
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mechanosensory behavior
+
+
+ biological_process
+ behavioral response to mechanical stimulus
+ behavioural response to mechanical stimulus
+ mechanosensory behaviour
+ Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of a mechanical stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homeostasis of number of meristem cells
+
+
+ Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium of cell number within a population of cells in the meristem.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamina lucida
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The electron-lucent layer of the basal lamina adjacent to the basal plasma membrane of the cells that rest on the lamina.
+ Wikipedia:Lamina_lucida
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamina densa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Lamina_densa
+ The electron-dense layer of the basal lamina; lies just below the lamina lucida.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamina reticularis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A layer of the basal lamina that contains collagen fibrils and connects the basal lamina to the underlying connective tissue.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood circulation
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ The flow of blood through the body of an animal, enabling the transport of O2 and nutrients to the tissues and the removal of waste products.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heart contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process by which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
+ regulation of cardiac contraction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Synaptic_vesicle
+ A secretory organelle, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and is secreted these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription elongation factor complex
+
+
+ Any protein complex that interacts with RNA polymerase II to increase (positive transcription elongation factor) or reduce (negative transcription elongation factor) the rate of transcription elongation.
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive transcription elongation factor complex b
+
+ cellular_component
+ P-TEFb
+ A transcription elongation factor complex that facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD domain of the large subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme. Consists of cyclin T and a cyclin-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit.
+ See also the cellular component terms 'cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex ; GO:0019907' and 'DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme ; GO:0016591'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA processing
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to a mature tRNA, ready for addition of an aminoacyl group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell recognition
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_generic
+ The process by which a cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron recognition
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings.
+ neuronal cell recognition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic target recognition
+
+ neuronal targeting
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism interprets signals produced by potential target cells, with which it may form synapses.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular ferritin complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ferritin complex located in the cell. Intracellular ferritin complexes contain 24 subunits, in a mixture of L (light) chains and H (heavy) chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motor axon guidance
+
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male courtship behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The actions or reactions of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.
+ male courtship behavior (sensu Insecta)
+ male courtship behaviour
+ GO:0016542
+ male courtship behaviour (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female courtship behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ female courtship behaviour
+ The actions or reactions of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory organ boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which boundaries between a sensory organ and the surrounding tissue are established and maintained.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ sense organ boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial fusion
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclin catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, and which play key roles in regulating cell cycle phase transitions.
+ cyclin catabolism
+ cyclin breakdown
+ cyclin degradation
+ biological_process
+ degradation of cyclin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ocellus pigment biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ocellus pigment anabolism
+ ocellus pigment biosynthesis
+ ocellus pigment synthesis
+ biological_process
+ ocellus pigment formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ocellus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ocellus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye pigment granule organization
+
+ GO:0045318
+ GO:0008059
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048751
+ eye pigment granule organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ocellus pigment granule organization
+
+ ocellus pigment granule organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of intracellular pigment storage granules in the ocellus.
+ ocellus pigment granule organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eclosion rhythm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Toll signaling pathway
+
+ Tl signaling pathway
+ Reactome:238087
+ Tl signalling pathway
+ Reactome:280464
+ Reactome:166016
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to an extracellular ligand to the Toll receptor on the surface of the target cell.
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:211663
+ Reactome:221435
+ Reactome:273985
+ Toll signalling pathway
+ Reactome:230067
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of blood-nerve barrier
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The establishment of the barrier between the perineurium of peripheral nerves and the vascular endothelium of endoneurial capillaries. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the blood-brain barrier.
+ establishment of blood/nerve barrier
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal/ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsoventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium
+ Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal/ventral axis.
+ dorsal/ventral axis determination, ovarian follicular epithelium
+ dorsal-ventral axis specification, ovarian follicular epithelium
+ dorsal/ventral axis determination, follicular epithelium (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded
+
+ maternal determination of dorsoventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded
+ biological_process
+ maternal determination of dorsal-ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, germ-line encoded
+ Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by cells of the germ line.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded
+
+ maternal determination of dorsoventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded
+ maternal determination of dorsal-ventral axis, ovarian follicular epithelium, soma encoded
+ Polarization of the ovarian follicle cells along the dorsal-ventral axis by a gene product encoded by somatic cells.
+ biological_process
+ maternal determination of dorsal/ventral axis, follicular epithelium, soma encoded (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanylate cyclase complex, soluble
+
+
+ See also the molecular function term 'guanylate cyclase activity ; GO:0004383'.
+ cellular_component
+ Complex that possesses guanylate cyclase activity and is not bound to a membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ voltage-gated potassium channel complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ voltage-dependent potassium channel complex
+ voltage-sensitive potassium channel complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ voltage gated potassium channel complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesodermal cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ mesoderm cell migration
+ The orderly movement of mesodermal cells from one site to another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ light-activated voltage-sensitive calcium channel complex
+ light-activated voltage gated calcium channel complex
+ A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which calcium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential generated in response to a light stimulus.
+ light-activated voltage-dependent calcium channel complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon cargo transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules in nerve cell axons.
+ axonal transport
+ Wikipedia:Axoplasmic_transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterograde axon cargo transport
+
+ anterograde axonal transport
+ The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell body toward the cell periphery in nerve cell axons.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retrograde axon cargo transport
+
+ biological_process
+ retrograde axonal transport
+ The directed movement of organelles or molecules along microtubules from the cell periphery toward the cell body in nerve cell axons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spectrin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Spectrin
+ Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decapentaplegic receptor signaling pathway
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a decapentaplegic receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ dpp receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ decapentaplegic receptor signalling pathway
+ dpp receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048129
+ Establishment and maintenance of an axis of polarity of the oocyte microtubule network such that the minus and plus ends of the microtubules of the mid stage oocyte are positioned along the anterior cortex and at the posterior pole, respectively.
+ oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton polarization (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization
+
+ establishment and maintenance of protein localization
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asymmetric protein localization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution.
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of asymmetric protein localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0000004
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_goa
+ GO:0007582
+ physiological process
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_candida
+ biological process
+ biological_process
+ goslim_plant
+ Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
+ Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this.
+ Wikipedia:Biological_process
+ biological process unknown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolic process
+
+ Reactome:238461
+ Reactome:292439
+ Reactome:255791
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:265367
+ goslim_pir
+ Reactome:252604
+ Reactome:290414
+ Reactome:293772
+ metabolism
+ Reactome:282903
+ Reactome:291791
+ Reactome:280692
+ metabolic process resulting in cell growth
+ Reactome:221851
+ goslim_generic
+ Reactome:259186
+ Wikipedia:Metabolism
+ Reactome:268496
+ Reactome:71408
+ Reactome:249887
+ Reactome:289882
+ Reactome:245002
+ Reactome:288374
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:286711
+ goslim_plant
+ metabolism resulting in cell growth
+ Reactome:230419
+ The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
+ Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions.
+ Reactome:274223
+ goslim_goa
+ Reactome:212093
+ Reactome:262542
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ para-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ p-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process
+ para-aminobenzoic acid formation
+ p-aminobenzoic acid biosynthesis
+ PABA biosynthetic process
+ PABA biosynthesis
+ para-aminobenzoic acid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ 4-aminobenzoic acid biosynthesis
+ para-aminobenzoic acid anabolism
+ vitamin Bx biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.
+ 4-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic process
+ para-aminobenzoic acid biosynthesis
+ vitamin Bx biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin polymerization or depolymerization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Assembly or disassembly of actin filaments by the addition or removal of actin monomers from a filament.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of DNA replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of DNA replication
+ down regulation of DNA replication
+ downregulation of DNA replication
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
+ DNA replication inhibitor
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of DNA replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signalosome
+
+
+ CSN
+ COP9 complex
+ A protein complex that catalyzes the deneddylation of proteins, including the cullin component of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase; deneddylation increases the activity of cullin family ubiquitin ligases. The signalosome is involved in many regulatory process, including some which control development, in many species; also regulates photomorphogenesis in plants; in many species its subunits are highly similar to those of the proteasome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid metabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:255724
+ Reactome:280652
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:249836
+ Reactome:268436
+ Reactome:244919
+ Reactome:291785
+ Reactome:262501
+ Reactome:274179
+ Reactome:211979
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
+ Reactome:221744
+ Reactome:286641
+ Reactome:290393
+ Reactome:293762
+ Reactome:259117
+ Reactome:252547
+ Reactome:230324
+ Reactome:238361
+ biological_process
+ steroid metabolism
+ Reactome:192076
+ Reactome:265331
+ Reactome:289845
+ Wikipedia:Steroid_metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol metabolic process
+
+ cholesterol metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. It is a component of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer and of plasma lipoproteins and can be found in all animal tissues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ergosterol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ergosterol, (22E)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol, a sterol found in ergot, yeast and moulds. It is the most important of the D provitamins and is converted to vitamin D2 on irradiation with UV light.
+ gosubset_prok
+ ergosterol metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysone metabolic process
+
+ ecdysone metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysone, (22R)-2-beta,3-beta,14,22,25-pentahydroxycholest-7-en-6-one, an ecdysteroid found in insects. It is the inactive prohormone of the moulting hormone ecdysterone and may have intrinsic hormonal activity at other stages of insect development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bile acid metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine.
+ bile acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C21-steroid hormone metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.
+ C21-steroid hormone metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C21-steroid hormone catabolic process
+
+
+
+ C21-steroid hormone degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of C21-steroid hormones, steroid compounds containing 21 carbons which function as hormones.
+ C21-steroid hormone breakdown
+ biological_process
+ C21-steroid hormone catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ androgen metabolic process
+
+
+ androgen metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ estrogen metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ oestrogen metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving estrogens, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. Also found in plants.
+ estrogen metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ oestrogen metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucocorticoid metabolic process
+
+
+ glucocorticosteroid metabolism
+ glucocorticoid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ glucocorticosteroid metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mineralocorticoid metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ mineralocorticoid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mineralocorticoids, hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid alkylation
+
+ The addition of an alkyl group to a protein amino acid. An alkyl group is any group derived from an alkane by removal of one hydrogen atom.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid dealkylation
+
+ The removal of an alkyl group from a protein amino acid. An alkyl group is any group derived from an alkane by removal of one hydrogen atom.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermine metabolic process
+
+ Reactome:141341
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:211033
+ Reactome:220877
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses, which is involved in nucleic acid packaging. Synthesis is regulated by ornithine decarboxylase which plays a key role in control of DNA replication.
+ Reactome:229541
+ Reactome:273659
+ spermine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermidine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
+ spermidine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood pressure homeostasis
+ blood pressure regulation
+ biological_process
+ control of blood pressure
+ The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
+ Wikipedia:Blood_pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bioluminescence
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Bioluminescence
+ The production of light by certain enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell death
+
+
+ goslim_plant
+ necrosis
+ biological_process
+ goslim_goa
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_generic
+ The specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ opsonization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as a complement component or antibody.
+ Wikipedia:Opsonin
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysone receptor holocomplex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric complex containing the products of the insect genes Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp). Binding of ecdysone promotes association between the two subunits, and the receptor complex then initiates molting and metamorphosis by binding DNA and regulating the transcription of target genes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ repressor ecdysone receptor complex
+
+ A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) plus an associated corepressor such as SMRTER, which represses transcription of target genes.
+ repressor ecdysone receptor holocomplex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activator ecdysone receptor complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex consisting of a heterodimer of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp) bound to the ligand ecdysone, which activates transcription of target genes.
+ activator ecdysone receptor holocomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase complex
+
+ 2-acetyl-1-alkylglycerophosphocholine esterase complex
+ An enzyme complex composed of two catalytic alpha subunits, which form a catalytic dimer, and a non-catalytic, regulatory beta subunit; the catalytic dimer may be an alpha1/alpha1 or alpha2/alpha2 homodimer, or an alpha1/alpha2 heterodimer. Modulates the action of platelet-activating factor (PAF).
+ cellular_component
+ See also the molecular function term '1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity ; GO:0003847'.
+ platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase complex
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligosaccharyltransferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligosaccharyl transferase complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that is found in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of eukaryotes and transfers lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor to asparagine residues on nascent proteins. In yeast, the complex includes at least nine different subunits, whereas in mammalian cells at least three different forms of the complex have been detected.
+ OST complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ head involution
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Movement of the anterior ectoderm to the interior of the embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfate transport
+
+ GO:0006870
+ The directed movement of sulfate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ sulphate transport
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin ring complex
+
+ gammaTuRC
+ A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin other non-tubulin proteins that forms a flexible open ring structure thought to be the unit of nucleation at the minus end of a microtubule.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin small complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules and two conserved non-tubulin proteins. Some gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex.
+ gammaTuSC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway
+ regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway
+ regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity.
+ regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cohesin complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ 14S cohesin
+ SMC complex
+ GO:0008279
+ goslim_pir
+ A protein complex required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cohesin core heterodimer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Smc1-Smc3 complex
+ cellular_component
+ The core heterodimer of a cohesin complex; a structure required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes.
+ 9S cohesin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP-sensitive potassium channel complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that comprises four pore-forming (Kir6.x) and four regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SURx) subunits and forms a transmembrane channel through which ions may pass. The opening and closing of the channel is regulated by ATP: binding of ATP to the Kir6.2 subunit inhibits channel activity, whereas binding of Mg2+-complexed ATP or ADP to the SUR1 subunit stimulates channel activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell proliferation
+
+ goslim_generic
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of cell proliferation
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
+ stimulation of cell proliferation
+ up-regulation of cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ activation of cell proliferation
+ upregulation of cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of cell proliferation
+ down-regulation of cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cell proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
+ downregulation of cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ Reactome:211690
+ Reactome:288405
+ biological_process
+ daf-2 receptor signaling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.
+ Reactome:274256
+ Reactome:268531
+ Reactome:238112
+ Reactome:265392
+ Reactome:259220
+ Reactome:74752
+ Reactome:282926
+ Reactome:255820
+ Reactome:262576
+ Reactome:244710
+ Reactome:230089
+ Reactome:280719
+ Reactome:249874
+ Reactome:252635
+ Reactome:286743
+ insulin receptor signalling pathway
+ Reactome:221461
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex, normally consisting of a catalytic and a regulatory subunit, which catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a serine or threonine residue of a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ F-actin capping protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A heterodimer consisting of alpha and a beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetylcholine metabolic process
+
+
+ acetylcholine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetylcholine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ acetylcholine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ acetylcholine synthesis
+ acetylcholine anabolism
+ acetylcholine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ torso signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the torso transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase binding to its physiological ligand.
+ torso signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermidine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
+ spermidine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ spermidine formation
+ spermidine anabolism
+ MetaCyc:BSUBPOLYAMSYN-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ spermidine synthesis
+ MetaCyc:POLYAMINSYN3-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular mRNA localization
+
+ intracellular mRNA positioning
+ establishment and maintenance of intracellular RNA localization
+ Any process by which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+ mRNA positioning, intracellular
+ mRNA localization, intracellular
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoprenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ polyisoprenoid biosynthesis
+ isoprenoid synthesis
+ polyterpene biosynthetic process
+ isoprenoid anabolism
+ isoprenoid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ isoprenoid formation
+ polyisoprenoid formation
+ polyisoprenoid biosynthetic process
+ polyisoprenoid anabolism
+ MetaCyc:POLYISOPRENSYN-PWY
+ GO:0009241
+ polyisoprenoid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
+ polyterpene biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoprenoid catabolic process
+
+
+ polyisoprenoid degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
+ biological_process
+ polyisoprenoid catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyisoprenoid breakdown
+ isoprenoid degradation
+ polyterpene catabolism
+ isoprenoid breakdown
+ GO:0016097
+ polyisoprenoid catabolic process
+ polyterpene catabolic process
+ isoprenoid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ring canal formation, actin assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Recruitment and organization of actin filaments in female ring canals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caspase complex
+
+
+ A cytosolic endopeptidase with specificity for the hydrolysis of aspartyl bonds. Caspases are involved in apoptosis.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integrin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that is composed of one alpha subunit and one beta subunit, both of which are members of the integrin superfamily of cell adhesion receptors; the complex spans the plasma membrane and binds to extracellular matrix ligands, cell-surface ligands, and soluble ligands.
+ laminin receptor protein
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ associative learning
+
+ Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect).
+ conditional response
+ Pavlovian conditioning
+ biological_process
+ classical conditioning
+ Wikipedia:Learning
+ conditional learning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gurken receptor signaling pathway
+
+ gurken receptor signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor receptor binding to the ligand Gurken.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic G2/MI transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby a cell progresses from meiotic prophase to metaphase I.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ionotropic glutamate receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand-gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosome to lysosome transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone mRNA metabolic process
+
+ histone mRNA metabolism
+ Reactome:284569
+ Reactome:249634
+ Reactome:77588
+ Reactome:221500
+ Reactome:77585
+ Reactome:111367
+ Reactome:77584
+ Reactome:211730
+ Reactome:244060
+ Reactome:286060
+ Reactome:244061
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving an mRNA encoding a histone.
+ Reactome:220612
+ Reactome:286500
+ Reactome:241210
+ Reactome:246830
+ Reactome:220613
+ Reactome:111438
+ Reactome:206064
+ Reactome:286513
+ Reactome:221474
+ Reactome:224823
+ Reactome:210722
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:210721
+ Reactome:211703
+ Reactome:230101
+ Reactome:244738
+ Reactome:244719
+ Reactome:286059
+ Reactome:215630
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian ring canal stabilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Maintenance of the structural integrity of the ring canals connecting the female germ-line cyst.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of adult life span
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The control of viability and duration in the adult phase of the life-cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult feeding behavior
+
+
+ See also the biological process term 'feeding behavior ; GO:0007631'.
+ Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
+ biological_process
+ adult feeding behavior (sensu Insecta)
+ adult feeding behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult locomotory behavior
+
+
+ Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
+ biological_process
+ See also the biological process term 'locomotory behavior ; GO:0007626'.
+ adult locomotory behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval locomotory behavior
+
+
+ Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.
+ larval locomotory behaviour
+ See also the biological process term 'locomotory behavior ; GO:0007626'.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval walking behavior
+
+ biological_process
+ larval walking behaviour
+ The actions or reactions of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0043359
+ glia cell migration
+ glial cell migration (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+ biological_process
+ The orderly movement of glial cells, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attenuation of antimicrobial humoral response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an antimicrobial humoral response.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of antimicrobial humoral response
+ down regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
+ inhibition of antimicrobial humoral response
+ GO:0042154
+ down-regulation of antimicrobial humoral response
+ GO:0042155
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ katanin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex possessing an activity that couples ATP hydrolysis to the severing of microtubules; usually a heterodimer comprising a catalytic subunit (often 60kDa) and a regulatory subunit (often 80 kDa).
+ Consider also annotating to the molecular function term 'microtubule-severing ATPase activity ; GO:0008568'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ-cell migration
+ The orderly movement of a germ cell, a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes, through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form.
+ primordial germ cell migration
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory learning
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asymmetric cell division
+
+ asymmetrical cytokinesis
+ Wikipedia:Asymmetric_cell_division
+ The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity.
+ biological_process
+ asymmetric cytokinesis
+ asymmetrical cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maternal determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo
+
+ The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by gradients of maternally-transcribed gene products; exemplified in insects by the morphogens, bicoid and nanos.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process by which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell shape
+
+
+ GO:0045789
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0045788
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell size
+
+ cell size control
+ Any process that modulates the size of a cell.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitin-based embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process
+
+ embryonic cuticle formation (sensu Insecta)
+ embryonic cuticle synthesis (sensu Insecta)
+ embryonic cuticle anabolism (sensu Insecta)
+ embryonic cuticle biosynthetic process (sensu Insecta)
+ Synthesis, including the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin and other components, and deposition of a chitin-based embryonic cuticle by the underlying epidermal epithelium. This tough, waterproof layer is essential to provide structural integrity of the larval body.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval chitin-based cuticle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval cuticle biosynthetic process (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ larval cuticle anabolism (sensu Insecta)
+ larval cuticle synthesis (sensu Insecta)
+ larval cuticle formation (sensu Insecta)
+ Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based larval cuticle. The insect larval cuticle is a secretion from epidermal cells that is shed at each molt.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pupal chitin-based cuticle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pupal cuticle synthesis (sensu Insecta)
+ pupal cuticle anabolism (sensu Insecta)
+ pupal cuticle formation (sensu Insecta)
+ Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based pupal cuticle. At the end of the prepupal period the insect is covered by the pupal cuticle which continues to be elaborated into the pupal period.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult chitin-based cuticle development
+
+ adult cuticle anabolism (sensu Insecta)
+ adult cuticle formation (sensu Insecta)
+ Synthesis and deposition of the chitin-based cuticle of adults following the apolysis of the pupal cuticle. The adult insect cuticle contains cuticullin, a protein epicuticle and a lamellate procuticle.
+ adult cuticle synthesis (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ adult cuticle biosynthetic process (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon ensheathment
+
+ cellular axon ensheathment
+ biological_process
+ GO:0042553
+ nerve ensheathment
+ cellular nerve ensheathment
+ Any process by which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light-induced release of calcium from internal store
+ light-induced release of internally stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ The process by which the detection of light triggers the release of internally sequestered calcium ions.
+ biological_process
+ light-induced release of internally sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA splicing
+
+ GO:0006395
+ The process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
+ pre-mRNA splicing factor activity
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:RNA_splicing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IkappaB kinase complex
+
+
+ A protein serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates IkappaB, thereby targeting this for proteasomal degradation and allowing the nuclear translocation of kB. Composed of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, the latter not having kinase activity but presumed to play a regulatory role.
+ cellular_component
+ IKK complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gonad development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gonad is an animal organ that produces gametes; in some species it also produces hormones.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bristle morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the bristle are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory chain complex IV assembly
+
+ cytochrome c oxidase complex assembly
+ biological_process
+ cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase), the terminal member of the respiratory chain of the mitochondrion and some aerobic bacteria. Cytochrome c oxidases are multi-subunit enzymes containing from 13 subunits in the mammalian mitochondrial form to 3-4 subunits in the bacterial forms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome activator complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multisubunit complex that activates the hydrolysis of small nonubiquitinated peptides by binding to the proteasome core complex.
+ PA28
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex.
+ proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.
+ cellular_component
+ proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visual learning
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue.
+ spatial learning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+ Reactome:238468
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:212098
+ Reactome:249823
+ Reactome:249824
+ Reactome:221857
+ Reactome:249626
+ Reactome:230445
+ Reactome:249627
+ FGF receptor signaling pathway
+ Reactome:230349
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ Reactome:190322
+ Reactome:190239
+ Reactome:190236
+ Reactome:190370
+ Reactome:190371
+ Reactome:190375
+ FGF receptor signalling pathway
+ Reactome:190374
+ Reactome:190373
+ Reactome:238111
+ Reactome:190372
+ Reactome:238110
+ Reactome:190377
+ Reactome:190376
+ Reactome:212009
+ Reactome:221773
+ Reactome:190241
+ Reactome:211687
+ Reactome:230429
+ Reactome:238485
+ Reactome:211686
+ Reactome:211689
+ Reactome:190242
+ Reactome:211688
+ Reactome:211683
+ Reactome:211682
+ Reactome:238387
+ Reactome:221770
+ Reactome:211685
+ Reactome:221771
+ Reactome:238388
+ Reactome:238389
+ Reactome:221772
+ Reactome:211684
+ Reactome:230087
+ Reactome:230088
+ Reactome:230085
+ Reactome:230086
+ Reactome:238105
+ Reactome:230083
+ Reactome:212006
+ Reactome:230084
+ Reactome:238107
+ Reactome:212007
+ Reactome:230082
+ Reactome:238106
+ Reactome:212008
+ Reactome:238109
+ Reactome:238108
+ Reactome:249913
+ Reactome:221460
+ Reactome:221453
+ Reactome:221456
+ Reactome:221457
+ Reactome:221454
+ Reactome:221455
+ Reactome:230351
+ Reactome:230350
+ Reactome:221459
+ Reactome:221458
+ FGFR signaling pathway
+ fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ Reactome:249893
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermis development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junctions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mystery cell fate differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which an undifferentiated cell acquires the features of a mystery cell. The mystery cells are a precluster of cells that emerge from the compound eye morphogenetic furrow, normally positioned between R3 and R4. They then disappear into the surrounding pool of undifferentiated cells and have no known fate in the mature ommatidium.
+ mystery cell fate differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male gonad development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female gonad development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which anatomical structures of the veins on an imaginal disc-derived wing are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ wing vein morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the imaginal disc-derived wing margin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The wing margin is a strip of cells in the third instar disc at the boundary between the presumptive dorsal and ventral surfaces of the wing blade.
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'wing margin ; FBbt:00005378'.
+ wing margin morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ release of cytoplasmic sequestered NF-kappaB
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ release of NF-kappaB sequestered in cytoplasm
+ activation of NF-kappa B
+ The release of NF-kappaB from specific molecules in the cytoplasm to which it was bound, thereby allowing its translocation into the nucleus.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cytoplasmic NF-kappaB sequestering
+ release of NF-kappaB stored in cytoplasm
+ negative regulation of cytoplasmic NF-kappaB sequestration
+ negative regulation of cytoplasmic NF-kappaB storage
+ negative regulation of cytoplasmic NF-kappaB retention
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
+ regulation of smoothened signalling pathway
+ regulation of smoothened activity
+ GO:0007226
+ GO:0043109
+ regulation of smoothened receptor activity by patched
+ biological_process
+ regulation of smoothened by patched
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of frizzled-2 signalling pathway
+ regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Toll signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Tl signaling pathway
+ regulation of Toll signalling pathway
+ regulation of Tl signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Notch signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Notch signalling pathway
+ regulation of N signaling pathway
+ regulation of N signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor cell morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor cell morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ Morphogenesis of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light.
+ photoreceptor development (sensu Drosophila)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of anterior/posterior axis, embryo
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The specification of the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo by the products of genes expressed maternally and genes expressed in the zygote.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule capture
+ microtubule and kinetochore interaction
+ kinetochore-microtubule interaction
+ microtubule anchoring at kinetochore
+ amphotelic attachment
+ The process by which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex.
+ bipolar attachment
+ biological_process
+ spindle kinetochore attachment
+ correction of merotelic attachment
+ prevention of merotelic attachment
+ kinetochore microtubule interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
+ biological_process
+ lipid formation
+ lipid synthesis
+ lipid anabolism
+ lipid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ether lipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ ether lipid formation
+ ether lipid biosynthesis
+ ether lipid anabolism
+ plasmalogen biosynthetic process
+ ether lipid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine modification to hypusine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ hypusine anabolism
+ hypusine biosynthetic process
+ hypusine biosynthesis
+ hypusine formation
+ hypusine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-lysine
+ gosubset_prok
+ hypusine synthesis from peptidyl-lysine
+ hypusine anabolism from peptidyl-lysine
+ GO:0046515
+ hypusine synthesis
+ RESID:AA0116
+ hypusine formation from peptidyl-lysine
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-lysine to form hypusine, N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxine metabolic process
+
+ GO:0006773
+ pyridoxine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ pyridoxine formation
+ pyridoxine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PYRIDOXSYN-PWY
+ pyridoxine biosynthesis
+ pyridoxine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ queuosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.
+ queuosine anabolism
+ queuosine formation
+ biological_process
+ queuosine synthesis
+ queuosine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanosine metabolic process
+
+ guanosine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 7-methylguanosine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.
+ 7-methylguanosine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epsilon DNA polymerase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A heterotetrameric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes processive DNA synthesis in the absence of PCNA, but is further stimulated in the presence of PCNA. The complex contains a large catalytic subunit and three small subunits, and is best characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are named Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p, and Dpb4p. Some evidence suggests that DNA polymerase epsilon is the leading strand polymerase; it is also involved in nucleotide-excision repair and mismatch repair.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin accessibility complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ CHRAC
+ GO:0016588
+ ISW2 complex
+ A multisubunit complex that uses ATP to increase the general accessibility of DNA in chromatin. Unlike other known chromatin remodeling complexes, CHRAC can also function during chromatin assembly; it uses ATP to convert irregular chromatin into a regular array of nucleosomes with even spacing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of apoptosis by extracellular signals
+
+ Reactome:211795
+ Reactome:109607
+ Reactome:208328
+ Reactome:217900
+ Reactome:226653
+ Reactome:230386
+ Reactome:75157
+ Reactome:73887
+ Any process induced by extracellular signals that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.
+ Reactome:230385
+ Reactome:212051
+ Reactome:221814
+ Reactome:221815
+ Reactome:230167
+ Reactome:221559
+ Reactome:75244
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:212052
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of apoptosis via death domain receptors
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of apoptosis by granzyme
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of apoptosis by ionic changes
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of apoptosis by hormones
+
+
+ Any process induced by hormones that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of apoptosis by intracellular signals
+
+ Reactome:259177
+ Reactome:288367
+ Reactome:268489
+ Reactome:265360
+ Reactome:221827
+ Reactome:255783
+ Reactome:286703
+ Reactome:230395
+ Any process induced by intracellular signals that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.
+ Reactome:280683
+ Reactome:244996
+ Reactome:238434
+ Reactome:262533
+ Reactome:249878
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:109606
+ Reactome:252597
+ Reactome:212064
+ Reactome:274214
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in induction of apoptosis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cascade of processes initiated by the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress
+
+ biological_process
+ The activation, by oxidative stress, of any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of pro-apoptotic gene products
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:230245
+ Reactome:229645
+ Reactome:238036
+ Reactome:221654
+ Reactome:111446
+ Reactome:230407
+ Reactome:111447
+ Reactome:211799
+ Reactome:111448
+ Reactome:211890
+ Reactome:211889
+ Reactome:111452
+ Reactome:230112
+ Reactome:220975
+ Reactome:75108
+ Reactome:140534
+ Reactome:206265
+ Reactome:211606
+ The conversion of proteins that induce or sustain apoptosis to an active form.
+ Reactome:211932
+ Reactome:211933
+ Reactome:230169
+ Reactome:224996
+ Reactome:139898
+ Reactome:221735
+ Reactome:218522
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:139895
+ Reactome:211970
+ Reactome:139893
+ Reactome:211873
+ Reactome:211718
+ Reactome:221637
+ Reactome:221638
+ Reactome:211872
+ Reactome:230230
+ Reactome:114294
+ Reactome:139915
+ induction of pro-apoptotic gene products
+ Reactome:221380
+ Reactome:215841
+ Reactome:221488
+ Reactome:238354
+ Reactome:227398
+ Reactome:114452
+ Reactome:221563
+ Reactome:139910
+ Reactome:208870
+ Reactome:238269
+ Reactome:230244
+ Reactome:221653
+ Reactome:211127
+ Reactome:221697
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of survival gene product expression
+
+
+ negative regulation of survival gene product activity
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of survival gene products
+ inhibition of survival gene product activity
+ downregulation of survival gene product activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of survival gene product expression; survival gene products are those that antagonize the apoptotic program. Regulation can be at the transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational level.
+ down regulation of survival gene product activity
+ down-regulation of survival gene product activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of caspase activity by cytochrome c
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:211727
+ Reactome:221496
+ Reactome:230117
+ caspase activation via cytochrome c
+ Reactome:111459
+ Upregulation of the activity of a caspase, any of a group of cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis, mediated by cytochrome c.
+ Reactome:238141
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of caspase activity by protein amino acid phosphorylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ caspase activation via phosphorylation
+ Upregulation of the activity of a caspase, any of a group of cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis, by the addition of a phosphate group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptotic mitochondrial changes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbohydrate transport
+
+ The directed movement of carbohydrate into, out of, within or between cells. Carbohydrates are any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0006861
+ sugar transport
+ biological_process
+ GO:0008644
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexose transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:189200
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of hexose into, out of, within or between cells. Hexoses are any aldoses with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high-affinity hexose transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed, high-affinity movement of a hexose into, out of, within or between cells. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low-affinity hexose transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed, low-affinity movement of a hexose into, out of, within or between cells. In low affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is only present at very low concentrations.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ amino acid biosynthesis
+ amino acid anabolism
+ amino acid synthesis
+ Wikipedia:Amino_acid_synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
+ gosubset_prok
+ amino acid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipopolysaccharide metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ lipopolysaccharide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
+ LPS metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PHOSLIPSYN-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
+ gosubset_prok
+ phospholipid anabolism
+ MetaCyc:LIPASYN-PWY
+ phospholipid formation
+ phospholipid synthesis
+ phospholipid biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:PHOSLIPSYN2-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine salvage
+
+
+ Any process that generates a pyrimidine, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a pyrimidine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dosage compensation, by hyperactivation of X chromosome
+
+ biological_process
+ dosage compensation (sensu Insecta)
+ Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global hyperactivation of all, or most of, the genes on the X-chromosome in the heterogametic sex, leading to a two-fold increase in gene expression from this chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dosage compensation, by inactivation of X chromosome
+
+ biological_process
+ chromosome inactivation
+ X chromosome inactivation
+ Barr body formation
+ Compensating for the two-fold variation in X-chromosome:autosome ratios between sexes by a global inactivation of all, or most of, the genes on one of the X-chromosomes in the XX sex.
+ Wikipedia:X-inactivation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycopeptide catabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycopeptide catabolism
+ biological_process
+ glycopeptide breakdown
+ glycopeptide degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycopeptides, any compound in which carbohydrate is covalently attached to an oligopeptide composed of residues of L and/or D-amino acids. The term usually denotes a product of proteolytic degradation of a glycoprotein but includes glycated peptide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentose-phosphate shunt, oxidative branch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:OXIDATIVEPENT-PWY
+ oxidative pentose phosphate pathway
+ pentose-phosphate pathway, oxidative branch
+ oxidative branch, pentose pathway
+ pentose phosphate shunt, oxidative branch
+ pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative branch
+ The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which involves the oxidation of glucose 6-P and produces ribulose 5-P, reduced NADP+ and carbon dioxide (CO2).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentose phosphate pathway, non-oxidative branch
+ The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P.
+ MetaCyc:NONOXIPENT-PWY
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ pentose phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch
+ MetaCyc:P21-PWY
+ pentose-phosphate pathway, non-oxidative branch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolic process
+
+ Wikipedia:Catabolism
+ degradation
+ goslim_generic
+ catabolism
+ breakdown
+ goslim_goa
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism.
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macromolecule catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ macromolecule degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ macromolecule catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
+ macromolecule breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biosynthetic process
+
+ formation
+ biosynthesis
+ synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_generic
+ anabolism
+ goslim_plant
+ Wikipedia:Anabolism
+ goslim_goa
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macromolecule biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ macromolecule formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ macromolecule biosynthesis
+ macromolecule anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
+ macromolecule synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic respiration
+
+ Wikipedia:Cellular_respiration
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3781
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic respiration
+
+ Wikipedia:Cellular_respiration
+ The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which uses compounds other than oxygen (e.g. nitrate, sulfate) as the terminal electron acceptor.
+ Wikipedia:Anaerobic_respiration
+ MetaCyc:ANARESP1-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
+ fatty acid degradation
+ Wikipedia:Fatty_acid_degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ fatty acid breakdown
+ fatty acid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ amino acid degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
+ amino acid breakdown
+ amino acid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamine family amino acid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ glutamine family amino acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamine family amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+ glutamine family amino acid degradation
+ glutamine family amino acid catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
+ glutamine family amino acid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aspartate family amino acid metabolic process
+
+ aspartate family amino acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ aspartate family amino acid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.
+ biological_process
+ aspartate family amino acid biosynthesis
+ aspartate family amino acid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ aspartate family amino acid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aspartate family amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the aspartate family, comprising asparagine, aspartate, lysine, methionine and threonine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ aspartate family amino acid catabolism
+ aspartate family amino acid degradation
+ aspartate family amino acid breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serine family amino acid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ serine family amino acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serine family amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ serine family amino acid synthesis
+ serine family amino acid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ serine family amino acid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.
+ serine family amino acid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serine family amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+ serine family amino acid degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the serine family, comprising cysteine, glycine, homoserine, selenocysteine and serine.
+ serine family amino acid catabolism
+ serine family amino acid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aromatic amino acid family metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
+ gosubset_prok
+ aromatic amino acid family metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ aromatic amino acid family synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
+ aromatic amino acid family formation
+ aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, shikimate pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ aromatic amino acid family biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:COMPLETE-ARO-PWY
+ GO:0016089
+ aromatic amino acid family anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aromatic amino acid family catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ aromatic amino acid family catabolism
+ aromatic amino acid family breakdown
+ aromatic amino acid family degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic amino acid family, amino acids with aromatic ring (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine family amino acid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids of the histidine family.
+ histidine family amino acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine family amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the histidine family.
+ histidine family amino acid anabolism
+ histidine family amino acid formation
+ histidine family amino acid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ histidine family amino acid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine family amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ histidine family amino acid breakdown
+ histidine family amino acid catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids of the histidine family.
+ histidine family amino acid degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate family amino acid metabolic process
+
+ pyruvate family amino acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate family amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ pyruvate family amino acid formation
+ pyruvate family amino acid anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.
+ pyruvate family amino acid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyruvate family amino acid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate family amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid that requires pyruvate for its synthesis, e.g. alanine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyruvate family amino acid catabolism
+ pyruvate family amino acid degradation
+ pyruvate family amino acid breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branched chain family amino acid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ branched chain family amino acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branched chain family amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ branched chain family amino acid anabolism
+ branched chain family amino acid formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ branched chain family amino acid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.
+ branched chain family amino acid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branched chain family amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:238369
+ Reactome:290399
+ Reactome:252552
+ Reactome:255729
+ Reactome:293745
+ Reactome:211987
+ Reactome:291769
+ Reactome:268441
+ Reactome:244924
+ Reactome:262480
+ Reactome:249812
+ branched chain family amino acid catabolism
+ Reactome:265311
+ Reactome:292423
+ biological_process
+ branched chain family amino acid breakdown
+ Reactome:70895
+ Reactome:259122
+ Reactome:230332
+ Reactome:274154
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids containing a branched carbon skeleton, comprising isoleucine, leucine and valine.
+ branched chain family amino acid degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:288331
+ Reactome:289848
+ Reactome:286646
+ Reactome:280627
+ Reactome:221751
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamine family amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glutamine family amino acid anabolism
+ glutamine family amino acid synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amino acids of the glutamine family, comprising arginine, glutamate, glutamine and proline.
+ glutamine family amino acid biosynthesis
+ glutamine family amino acid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5097
+ gosubset_prok
+ lysine biosynthesis
+ lysine formation
+ biological_process
+ lysine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
+ lysine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
+ biological_process
+ methionine biosynthesis
+ methionine anabolism
+ methionine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ methionine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ methionine degradation
+ methionine catabolism
+ methionine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid), a sulfur-containing, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:met
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ threonine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:HOMOSER-THRESYN-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid), a polar, uncharged, essential amino acid found in peptide linkage in proteins.
+ threonine biosynthesis
+ threonine anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ threonine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:THRESYN-PWY
+ threonine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lysine formation via diaminopimelate
+ lysine synthesis via diaminopimelate
+ lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelic acid
+ diaminopimelate pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ lysine anabolism via diaminopimelate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate.
+ diaminopimelic acid pathway
+ lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelic acid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homoserine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ homoserine formation
+ MetaCyc:HOMOSERSYN-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ homoserine biosynthesis
+ homoserine anabolism
+ homoserine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homoserine catabolic process
+
+
+ homoserine breakdown
+ homoserine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:HOMOCYSDEGR-PWY
+ homoserine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homoserine metabolic process
+
+ homoserine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cysteine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ cysteine breakdown
+ Wikipedia:Cysteine
+ cysteine degradation
+ cysteine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ phenylalanine biosynthetic process, shikimate pathway
+ GO:0019274
+ GO:0019275
+ phenylalanine biosynthetic process
+ phenylalanine biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid.
+ L-phenylalanine anabolism
+ L-phenylalanine synthesis
+ phenylalanine biosynthesis
+ L-phenylalanine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-phenylalanine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aromatic amino acid family biosynthetic process, prephenate pathway
+
+ aromatic amino acid family synthesis, prephenate pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylalanine and tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate prephenate.
+ aromatic amino acid family anabolism, prephenate pathway
+ aromatic amino acid family formation, prephenate pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoleucine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:ILEUSYN-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ isoleucine formation
+ isoleucine anabolism
+ isoleucine biosynthesis
+ isoleucine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ leucine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ leucine biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:LEUSYN-PWY
+ leucine formation
+ leucine synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ valine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:VALSYN-PWY
+ valine biosynthesis
+ valine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.
+ valine formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ valine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycoprotein metabolic process
+
+ glycoprotein metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycoprotein biosynthetic process
+
+
+ glycoprotein formation
+ Reactome:262370
+ glycoprotein biosynthesis
+ Reactome:259000
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycoprotein anabolism
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:274040
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
+ glycoprotein synthesis
+ Reactome:286540
+ Reactome:162699
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biotin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ vitamin B7 biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid.
+ biotin anabolism
+ biotin formation
+ biological_process
+ biotin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin H biosynthetic process
+ vitamin B7 biosynthesis
+ biotin synthesis
+ MetaCyc:BIOTIN-SYNTHESIS-PWY
+ vitamin H biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3701
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
+ lipopolysaccharide anabolism
+ biological_process
+ lipopolysaccharide synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ LPS biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
+ lipopolysaccharide formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipopolysaccharide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ lipopolysaccharide degradation
+ lipopolysaccharide catabolism
+ lipopolysaccharide breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipopolysaccharides, any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
+ biological_process
+ LPS catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ lipoic acid synthesis
+ lipoic acid biosynthesis
+ lipoic acid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid, a coenzyme involved in oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids.
+ biological_process
+ lipoic acid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ lipoate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ lipoate anabolism
+ lipoate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoate, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoate, the anion derived from lipoic acid.
+ lipoate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ lipoate formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme biosynthetic process
+
+
+ coenzyme biosynthesis
+ coenzyme synthesis
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
+ coenzyme formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ coenzyme anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme catabolic process
+
+
+ coenzyme degradation
+ coenzyme catabolism
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group catabolic process
+ coenzyme breakdown
+ biological_process
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzymes, any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ vitamin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
+ vitamin formation
+ vitamin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
+ vitamin breakdown
+ biological_process
+ vitamin degradation
+ vitamin catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase metabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ nucleobase metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine base biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-841
+ biological_process
+ purine base formation
+ purine base anabolism
+ purine base synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, which include adenine and guanine.
+ purine base biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoxanthine catabolic process
+
+
+ hypoxanthine degradation
+ hypoxanthine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.
+ hypoxanthine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ xanthine degradation
+ xanthine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.
+ xanthine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside metabolic process
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), e.g. adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, uridine and deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine (= deoxythymidine).
+ biological_process
+ nucleoside metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide metabolic process
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleotide, a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ nucleotide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.
+ regulation of nucleoside metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ ribonucleoside metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
+
+ nucleoside monophosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleoside monophosphate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleoside monophosphate synthesis
+ nucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ nucleoside monophosphate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ nucleoside monophosphate degradation
+ biological_process
+ nucleoside monophosphate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleoside monophosphate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine nucleoside monophosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ purine nucleoside monophosphate formation
+ purine nucleoside monophosphate anabolism
+ purine nucleoside monophosphate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside monophosphate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine nucleoside monophosphate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine nucleoside monophosphate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate synthesis
+ pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate anabolism
+ pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate breakdown
+ pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ nucleoside diphosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleoside diphosphate formation
+ nucleoside diphosphate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleoside diphosphate anabolism
+ nucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleoside diphosphate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ nucleoside diphosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleoside diphosphate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine nucleoside diphosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ purine nucleoside diphosphate anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine nucleoside diphosphate formation
+ purine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
+ purine nucleoside diphosphate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ purine nucleoside diphosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine nucleoside diphosphate degradation
+ purine nucleoside diphosphate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate anabolism
+ pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate breakdown
+ pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate catabolism
+ pyrimidine nucleoside diphosphate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleoside triphosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ nucleoside triphosphate anabolism
+ nucleoside triphosphate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
+ nucleoside triphosphate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleoside triphosphate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ nucleoside triphosphate degradation
+ nucleoside triphosphate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine nucleoside triphosphate synthesis
+ purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine nucleoside triphosphate anabolism
+ purine nucleoside triphosphate formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside triphosphate degradation
+ purine nucleoside triphosphate catabolism
+ purine nucleoside triphosphate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate formation
+ pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate synthesis
+ pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate degradation
+ pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate breakdown
+ pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ purine ribonucleotide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleotide formation
+ purine ribonucleotide anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine ribonucleotide synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide anabolism
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ purine ribonucleotide breakdown
+ purine ribonucleotide degradation
+ purine ribonucleotide catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide catabolism
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide breakdown
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ ribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ ribonucleoside monophosphate formation
+ ribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism
+ deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
+ deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside monophosphate breakdown
+ ribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
+ ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolism
+ deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
+ deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ nucleoside synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleoside anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ biological_process
+ nucleoside formation
+ nucleoside biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside catabolic process
+
+
+ nucleoside breakdown
+ nucleoside catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ nucleoside degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+ nucleotide anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleotide synthesis
+ nucleotide formation
+ nucleotide biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleotide breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides, any nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety; may be mono-, di- or triphosphate; this definition includes cyclic-nucleotides (nucleoside cyclic phosphates).
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleotide catabolism
+ nucleotide degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ purine ribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine ribonucleoside monophosphate formation
+ purine ribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism
+ purine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ purine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolism
+ purine ribonucleoside monophosphate breakdown
+ purine ribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate formation
+ biological_process
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside monophosphate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate anabolism
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate formation
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside monophosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with phosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate degradation
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
+ purine ribonucleoside diphosphate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ purine ribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine ribonucleoside diphosphate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ purine ribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate formation
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate degradation
+ biological_process
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+
+ cyclic nucleotide metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
+ ribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
+ ribonucleoside diphosphate formation
+ ribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
+ deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate formation
+ deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ cyclic nucleotide synthesis
+ cyclic nucleotide formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
+ biological_process
+ cyclic nucleotide anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ cyclic nucleotide biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown
+ ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ ribonucleoside diphosphate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxynucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate anabolism
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate biosynthesis
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside diphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with diphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate catabolism
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
+ ribonucleoside triphosphate formation
+ biological_process
+ ribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis
+ ribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis
+ deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
+ deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside triphosphate degradation
+ ribonucleoside triphosphate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine ribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism
+ purine ribonucleoside triphosphate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ purine ribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside triphosphate degradation
+ purine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolism
+ purine ribonucleoside triphosphate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate formation
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate breakdown
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate catabolism
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate formation
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolism
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate breakdown
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+ cyclic nucleotide catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ cyclic nucleotide degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cyclic nucleotide, a nucleotide in which the phosphate group is in diester linkage to two positions on the sugar residue.
+ cyclic nucleotide breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate formation
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate breakdown
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate catabolism
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with triphosphate on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyrimidine deoxynucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-162
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide biosynthesis
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-166
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide anabolism
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide formation
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide breakdown
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide breakdown
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide degradation
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of nucleoside (a pyrimidine base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ CMP biosynthesis
+ CMP formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ CMP anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP, cytidine monophosphate.
+ CMP synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-sugar metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
+ nucleotide-sugar metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-sugar biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleotide-sugar anabolism
+ nucleotide-sugar synthesis
+ nucleotide-sugar formation
+ nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-sugar catabolic process
+
+
+ nucleotide-sugar catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotide-sugars, any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
+ nucleotide-sugar degradation
+ biological_process
+ nucleotide-sugar breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ thiamin biosynthesis
+ thiamin formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin B1 biosynthetic process
+ MetaCyc:THISYN-PWY
+ vitamin B1 biosynthesis
+ thiamine biosynthesis
+ thiamin anabolism
+ thiamin synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamin (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
+ thiamine biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ thiamin diphosphate formation
+ thiamin diphosphate anabolism
+ TPP biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ TPP biosynthesis
+ thiamin pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
+ thiamin pyrophosphate biosynthesis
+ thiamine pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
+ thiamin diphosphate biosynthesis
+ thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis
+ thiamin diphosphate synthesis
+ thiamine diphosphate biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamin diphosphate, a derivative of thiamin (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
+ gosubset_prok
+ thiamine pyrophosphate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ thiamine catabolism
+ vitamin B1 catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamin (vitamin B1), a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
+ thiamin catabolism
+ thiamine catabolic process
+ thiamin degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ thiamin breakdown
+ vitamin B1 catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ riboflavin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ vitamin B2 biosynthetic process
+ riboflavin biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
+ riboflavin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ vitamin B2 biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:RIBOSYN2-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ riboflavin formation
+ riboflavin anabolism
+ vitamin G biosynthesis
+ Wikipedia:Riboflavin
+ vitamin G biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ riboflavin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ vitamin G catabolism
+ vitamin B2 catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ riboflavin degradation
+ vitamin G catabolic process
+ vitamin B2 catabolism
+ riboflavin catabolism
+ riboflavin breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of riboflavin (vitamin B2), the precursor for the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ menaquinone metabolic process
+
+ vitamin K2 metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the menaquinones, quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.
+ menatetrenone metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ menaquinone metabolism
+ multiprenylmenaquinone metabolic process
+ multiprenylmenaquinone metabolism
+ vitamin K2 metabolic process
+ menatetrenone metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ menaquinone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ menatetrenone biosynthesis
+ multiprenylmenaquinone biosynthesis
+ vitamin K2 biosynthetic process
+ menatetrenone biosynthetic process
+ menaquinone biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the menaquinones, any of the quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.
+ menaquinone synthesis
+ vitamin K2 biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:MENAQUINONESYN-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ multiprenylmenaquinone biosynthetic process
+ menaquinone formation
+ menaquinone anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cobalamin metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin B12 metabolic process
+ cobalamin metabolism
+ vitamin B12 reduction
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
+ vitamin B12 metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cobalamin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ cobalamin synthesis
+ vitamin B12 biosynthesis
+ cobalamin formation
+ cobalamin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ cobalamin biosynthesis
+ vitamin B12 biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ siderophore metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.
+ siderochrome metabolic process
+ siderochrome metabolism
+ siderophore metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterobactin metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ enterochelin metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.
+ enterobactin metabolism
+ enterochelin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterobactin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ enterobactin synthesis
+ enterochelin biosynthetic process
+ enterobactin formation
+ biological_process
+ enterobactin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
+ GO:0031192
+ enterobactin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
+ GO:0031191
+ enterobactin anabolism
+ MetaCyc:ENTBACSYN-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.
+ enterochelin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ enterobactin synthetase
+ enterobactin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ isopentenyl pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
+ IPP biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ isopentenyl diphosphate formation
+ isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis
+ isopentenyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis
+ isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis
+ IPP biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colanic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ M antigen biosynthetic process
+ MetaCyc:COLANSYN-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide.
+ biological_process
+ colanic acid anabolism
+ colanic acid synthesis
+ M antigen biosynthesis
+ colanic acid biosynthesis
+ colanic acid formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O antigen biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ O antigen synthesis
+ O antigen formation
+ O antigen biosynthesis
+ O antigen anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipopolysaccharide core region synthesis
+ LPS core region biosynthetic process
+ lipopolysaccharide core region biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ lipopolysaccharide core region anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues.
+ biological_process
+ lipopolysaccharide core region formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid A biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ lipid A biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipid A, the glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues.
+ lipid A formation
+ lipid A synthesis
+ MetaCyc:NAGLIPASYN-PWY
+ lipid A anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterobacterial common antigen biosynthetic process
+
+
+ enterobacterial common antigen synthesis
+ MetaCyc:ECASYN-PWY
+ biological_process
+ enterobacterial common antigen formation
+ enterobacterial common antigen anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ enterobacterial common antigen biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycolipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolipid, a compound containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-401
+ glycolipid biosynthesis
+ glycolipid synthesis
+ glycolipid formation
+ glycolipid anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ K antigen biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.
+ K antigen biosynthesis
+ K antigen formation
+ K antigen synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ K antigen anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein lipoylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a lipoyl group to an amino acid residue in a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucan biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
+ glucan synthesis
+ glucan formation
+ glucan anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucan catabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ glucan breakdown
+ glucan catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucan degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ murein biosynthetic process
+ murein biosynthesis
+ peptidoglycan synthesis
+ peptidoglycan formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptidoglycan biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
+ peptidoglycan anabolism
+ GO:0009285
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan catabolic process
+
+
+ peptidoglycan catabolism
+ murein catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidoglycan breakdown
+ peptidoglycan degradation
+ GO:0009286
+ murein catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidoglycans, any of a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan turnover
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ murein turnover
+ biological_process
+ The continual breakdown and regeneration of peptidoglycan required to maintain the cell wall.
+ GO:0009287
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Entner-Doudoroff pathway
+
+ A pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate by producing 6-phosphogluconate and then dehydrating it.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:ENTNER-DOUDOROFF-PWY
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 10-formyltetrahydrofolate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
+ biological_process
+ 10-formyl-THF metabolism
+ 10-formyltetrahydrofolate metabolism
+ 10-formyl-THF metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3841
+ MetaCyc:1CMET2-PWY
+ 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthesis
+ 10-formyltetrahydrofolate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
+ 10-formyltetrahydrofolate biosynthesis
+ 10-formyl-THF biosynthetic process
+ 10-formyl-THF biosynthesis
+ 10-formyltetrahydrofolate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolic process
+
+
+ 10-formyltetrahydrofolate degradation
+ biological_process
+ 10-formyl-THF catabolic process
+ 10-formyltetrahydrofolate catabolism
+ 10-formyl-THF catabolism
+ 10-formyltetrahydrofolate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleotide metabolic process
+
+ GO:0009121
+ ribonucleotide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ribonucleotide synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ ribonucleotide anabolism
+ ribonucleotide formation
+ ribonucleotide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+ ribonucleotide catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleotide, a compound consisting of ribonucleoside (a base linked to a ribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ ribonucleotide breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ ribonucleotide degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ GO:0009393
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0009122
+ deoxyribonucleotide metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribonucleotide formation
+ deoxyribonucleotide anabolism
+ biological_process
+ deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
+ deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ deoxyribonucleotide breakdown
+ biological_process
+ deoxyribonucleotide degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribonucleotide catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ 2'-deoxyribonucleotide synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ 2'-deoxyribonucleotide anabolism
+ 2'-deoxyribonucleotide formation
+ 2'-deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to temperature stimulus
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ response to thermal stimulus
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to starvation
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to pH
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to desiccation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a desiccation stimulus, extreme dryness resulting from the prolonged deprivation of water.
+ desiccation tolerance
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to humidity
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a humidity stimulus, moisture in the atmosphere.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phage shock
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ A response by bacterial cells to a variety of stresses including filamentous phage infection, mislocalization of envelope proteins, extremes of temperature, osmolarity or ethanol concentration, and the presence of proton ionophores such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), that involves expression of the phage shock protein operon, and acts to protect the bacterial cells from damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal-type cell wall biogenesis
+
+ The process by which a fungal-type cell wall is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.
+ chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall biogenesis
+ cell wall synthesis (sensu Fungi)
+ biological_process
+ cell wall formation (sensu Fungi)
+ cell wall anabolism (sensu Fungi)
+ cell wall biosynthetic process (sensu Fungi)
+ cell wall assembly (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis
+
+ cell wall assembly (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall synthesis (sensu Bacteria)
+ biological_process
+ cell envelope biosynthetic process
+ cell wall formation (sensu Bacteria)
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall.
+ cell wall anabolism (sensu Bacteria)
+ cell envelope biosynthesis
+ cell wall biosynthetic process (sensu Bacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan-based cell wall
+
+ envelope (sensu Bacteria)
+ A protective structure outside the cytoplasmic membrane composed of peptidoglycan, a molecule made up of a glycan (sugar) backbone of repetitively alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with short, attached, cross-linked peptide chains containing unusual amino acids; also called murein. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ peptidoglycan
+ murein sacculus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gram-positive-bacterium-type cell wall
+
+ 20-80nm peptidoglycan-based cell wall
+ cellular_component
+ A layer of peptidoglycan found outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan is relatively thick (20-80nm) and retains the primary stain of the Gram procedure, thus cells appear blue after Gram stain. The cell walls often contain teichoic acids (acidic anionic polysaccharides) bound to the peptidoglycan. As in but not restricted to the Gram-positive bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall (sensu Gram-positive Bacteria)
+ cell wall (sensu Firmicutes)
+ cell wall of Gram-positive Bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ 1-2nm peptidoglycan-based cell wall
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall inner membrane
+ cell wall (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ The peptidoglycan layer of the Gram-negative cell envelope. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is relatively thin (1-2nm) and is linked to the outer membrane by lipoproteins. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is too thin to retain the primary stain in the Gram staining procedure and therefore cells appear red after Gram stain. As in but not restricted to the Gram-negative bacteria.
+ cell wall (sensu Proteobacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal-type cell wall
+
+ cell wall (sensu Fungi)
+ beta-glucan-containing cell wall
+ A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis, consisting of extensively cross-linked glycoproteins and carbohydrates. The glycoproteins may be modified with N- or O-linked carbohydrates, or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors; the polysaccharides are primarily branched glucans, including beta-linked and alpha-linked glucans, and may also include chitin and other carbohydrate polymers, but not cellulose or pectin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure.
+ chitin-containing cell wall
+ chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer membrane of cell
+ cellular_component
+ outer membrane (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ outer membrane (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum
+
+ cellular_component
+ A motor complex composed of an extracellular helical protein filament coupled to a rotary motor embedded in the cell envelope.
+ flagellum (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pilus
+
+ fimbrium
+ fimbriae
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ fimbria
+ pili
+ A proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria ranging from 2-8 nm in diameter.
+ Wikipedia:Pilus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA import into cell during transformation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular DNA uptake
+ The directed movement of DNA into a cell during the process of transformation, the uptake of foreign genetic material into a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular DNA import during transformation
+ DNA transport into cell during transformation
+ DNA import into cell
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unidirectional conjugation
+
+
+ mating (sensu Bacteria)
+ conjugation (sensu Bacteria)
+ The process of unidirectional (polarized) transfer of genetic information involving direct cellular contact between a donor and recipient cell; the contact is followed by the formation of a cellular bridge that physically connects the cells; some or all of the chromosome(s) of one cell ('male') is then transferred into the other cell ('female'); unidirectional conjugation occurs between cells of different mating types.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genetic transfer
+
+ genetic exchange
+ biological_process
+ In the absence of a sexual life cycle, the process involved in the introduction of genetic information to create a genetically different individual.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transduction
+
+ The transfer of genetic information to a bacterium from a bacteriophage or between bacterial or yeast cells mediated by a phage vector.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Transduction_(genetics)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA mediated transformation
+
+ The introduction and uptake of foreign genetic material (DNA or RNA) into a cell, and often the expression of that genetic material.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ DNA-mediated transformation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoid
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The region of a bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.
+ Wikipedia:Nucleoid
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellum assembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ flagella assembly
+ The assembly of a flagellum. In bacteria, this is a whiplike motility appendage present on the surface of some species; in eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella are composed of flagellin and have the same basic structure as cilia but are longer in proportion to the cell and present in much smaller numbers.
+ flagellum biogenesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ flagella biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pilus assembly
+
+
+ fimbrium biogenesis
+ pili biosynthetic process
+ fimbrial assembly
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ fimbriae biogenesis
+ pilus formation
+ fimbrium assembly
+ fimbriae assembly
+ fimbria assembly
+ pilus biogenesis
+ fimbrial biogenesis
+ pilus biosynthesis
+ The assembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies. Pili are variously involved in transfer of nucleic acids, adherence to surfaces, and formation of pellicles. Is required for bacterial conjugation, or can play a role in adherence to surfaces (when it is called a fimbrium), and in the formation of pellicles.
+ fimbria biogenesis
+ pili biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-mannose biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ GDP-mannose biosynthesis
+ GDP-mannose synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+ GDP-mannose formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ GDP-mannose anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA transcription
+
+ mRNA biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.
+ mRNA biosynthesis
+ mRNA synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antisense RNA transcription
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA transcription
+
+ The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snoRNA transcription
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) from a DNA template.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA transcription
+
+ The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), any RNA that forms part of the ribosomal structure, from a DNA template.
+ rRNA biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ rRNA biosynthesis
+ rRNA synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA transcription
+
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template.
+ gosubset_prok
+ tRNA biosynthetic process
+ tRNA biosynthesis
+ tRNA synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid biotinylation
+
+ The addition of biotin (vitamin B7 / vitamin H) to a protein amino acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein secretion
+
+
+ GO:0045731
+ The controlled release of proteins from a cell or group of cells.
+ protein secretion resulting in cell fate commitment
+ glycoprotein secretion
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein secretion during cell fate commitment
+ GO:0045166
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA restriction-modification system
+
+ Any process that protect an organism from invading foreign DNA by methylation of self DNA at specific sequences and nucleolytic cleavage of unmethylated foreign DNA.
+ DNA restriction
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular amine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ amine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ amine synthesis
+ amine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
+ amine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ amine anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amine catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any organic compound that is weakly basic in character and contains an amino or a substituted amino group. Amines are called primary, secondary, or tertiary according to whether one, two, or three carbon atoms are attached to the nitrogen atom.
+ amine catabolism
+ amine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ amine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligosaccharide metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
+ oligosaccharide metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligosaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ oligosaccharide formation
+ oligosaccharide synthesis
+ oligosaccharide anabolism
+ oligosaccharide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligosaccharide catabolic process
+
+
+ oligosaccharide breakdown
+ oligosaccharide catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
+ oligosaccharide degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to radiation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Note that 'radiation' refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength.
+ biological_process
+ response to radiation stimulus
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
+ response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase complex
+
+
+ See also the molecular function term '3-isopropylmalate dehydratase activity ; GO:0003861'.
+ cellular_component
+ isopropylmalate isomerase complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of subunits leuC and leuD. Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3-isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that catalyzes the first step in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. For example, in E. coli the complex is heterohexameric and composed of biotin carbonyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and the acetate CoA-transferase complex.
+ ACCase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exodeoxyribonuclease VII complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates; it prefers single-stranded DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A bacterial heterooctameric enzyme composed of two A chains, two B chains, two C chains and two D chains. Possesses cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ See also the molecular function term 'cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity ; GO:0008827'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ See also the molecular function term 'phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity ; GO:0004638'.
+ A protein complex that possesses phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkyl hydroperoxide reductase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ See also the molecular function term 'alkyl hydroperoxide reductase activity ; GO:0008785'.
+ An enzyme complex, usually a homodimer, which directly reduces cellular levels of organic hydroperoxides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide to trimethylamine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase complex
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to ribosomal-protein alanine, forming ribosomal-protein acetylalanine.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-amino-acid dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that possesses D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ See also the molecular function term 'D-amino-acid oxidase activity ; GO:0003884'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrate reductase complex
+
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of nitrate from nitrite with the concomitant reduction of an acceptor.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of formate to produce carbon dioxide (CO2).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase complex (AB-specific)
+
+
+ A protein complex that possesses NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity. Homodimeric, trimeric, and heterotetrameric complexes have been identified.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylalanine-tRNA ligase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of phenylalanine to tRNA(Phe), forming L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetate CoA-transferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Part of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex. Catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA topoisomerase complex (ATP-hydrolyzing)
+
+
+ Complex that possesses DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
+ cellular_component
+ See also the molecular function term 'DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity ; GO:0003918'.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form glycerone phosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate-tRNA ligase complex
+
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate and tRNA(Glu) to form glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cysteine synthase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Cysteine synthase is a multienzyme complex made up, in E. coli, of the heteromeric hexamer serine acetyltransferase and the homodimer O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase complex
+
+
+ See also the molecular function term '3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity ; GO:0008695'.
+ Enzyme complex consisting of four proteins: the two subunits of the hydroxylase component (hcaE and hcaF), a ferredoxin (hcaC) and a ferredoxin reductase (hcaD). Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) into cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol (PP-dihydrodiol).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfate adenylyltransferase complex (ATP)
+
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation adenylylsulfate from sulfate and ATP.
+ sulphate adenylyltransferase complex (ATP)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfite reductase complex (NADPH)
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multisubunit iron flavoprotein, which in yeast is composed of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits. Catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen sulfide to sulfide.
+ gosubset_prok
+ sulphite reductase complex (NADPH)
+ See also the molecular function term 'sulfite reductase (NADPH) activity ; GO:0004783'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exodeoxyribonuclease V complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides. Exodeoxyribonuclease V shows a preference for double-stranded DNA and possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity. It acts endonucleolytically on single-stranded circular DNA.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycolate oxidase complex
+
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of 2-hydroxy acid to form 2-oxo acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme is a flavoprotein (FMN).
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA topoisomerase IV complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A heterodimeric enzyme, which in most bacterial species is composed of two subunits, PARC and PARE. Functions in chromosome segregation and can relax supercoiled DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-galactosidase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multimeric enzyme complex that in E. coli is a heterooctamer made up of four alpha subunits and four beta subunits. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate synthase complex (NADPH)
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A complex that possesses glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biotin carboxylase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein from biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein and carbon dioxide (CO2).
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrite reductase complex [NAD(P)H]
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Complex that possesses nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity.
+ See also the molecular function term 'nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity ; GO:0008942'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine-tRNA ligase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycine-tRNA synthetase complex
+ A multimeric enzyme complex which, in bacteria, is usually a tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains and in eukaryotes, is usually a homodimer. Functions in the ligation of glycine and tRNA(Gly) to form glycyl-tRNA(Gly).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ citrate lyase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Citrate lyase is a multienzyme complex with three constituents: the alpha subunit, citrate-ACP transferase; the beta subunit, citryl-ACP lyase; and the gamma subunit, an acyl-carrier protein which also carries the prosthetic group components. All three subunits are required for citrate lyase enzyme activity.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aspartate carbamoyltransferase complex
+
+
+ A multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate from carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate. It exhibits a variety of architectural organizations, but in all microorganisms the core catalytic component is a homotrimer of approximately 34 kDa polypeptides.
+ Note that in eukaryotes, aspartate carbamoyltransferase is usually a single polypeptide, not a complex, and should therefore not be annotated to this component term.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ornithine carbamoyltransferase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A homotrimeric protein complex that catalyzes the transfer of a carbamoyl group to ornithine, forming citrulline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ riboflavin synthase complex
+
+
+ An flavoprotein that catalyzes the reaction the breakdown of dimethyl(ribityl)lumazine to form riboflavin and ribitylamino-amino-dihydroxypyrimidine.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanolamine ammonia-lyase complex
+
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the breakdown of ethanolamine to form acetaldehyde and ammonia.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the molecular functions term 'oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity ; GO:0004591', 'dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase activity ; GO:0004149' and 'dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
+ cellular_component
+ oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2) within the mitochondrial matrix.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA polymerase V complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A DNA polymerase complex that contains two UmuD' and one UmuC subunits, and acts in translesion DNA synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aminodeoxychorismate synthase complex
+
+
+ A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase activity.
+ p-aminobenzoate synthetase complex
+ cellular_component
+ 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase complex
+ ADC synthase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase complex
+
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from protein N(PI)-phosphohistidine to a sugar molecule. It is enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyphosphate kinase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ See also the molecular function term 'polyphosphate kinase activity ; GO:0008976'.
+ A protein complex that possesses polyphosphate kinase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that functions as an endonuclease to cleave DNA at or near a specific recognition site, when that site is unmethylated. These complexes may be dimers or tetramers; it is also possible for the endonuclease to be in a complex with the corresponding methyltransferase that methylates the recognition site. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
+ cellular_component
+ Type II restriction enzyme complex
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA polymerase III complex
+
+ A DNA polymerase complex that contains two complexes of the catalytic alpha, beta, delta and epsilon polymerase/exonuclease subunits, plus the DnaX complex, a heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ succinate-CoA ligase complex (ADP-forming)
+
+ succinyl-CoA synthetase, ADP-forming
+ A heterodimeric enzyme complex, composed of an alpha and beta chain, most usually found in (but not limited to) bacteria. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein histidine kinase complex
+
+ A complex that possesses protein histidine kinase activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterobactin synthetase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ enterochelin synthetase complex
+ A multienzyme complex usually composed of four proteins, EntB, EntD, EntE and EntF. Plays a role in the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prepilin peptidase complex
+
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the cleavage of a Gly-Phe bond to release an N-terminal, basic peptide of 5-8 residues from type IV prepilin, and then N-methylates the new N-terminal amino group.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endopeptidase Clp complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ An enzymatically active or inactive multimeric complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription by pheromones
+
+
+ Any process involving pheromones that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of transcription by pheromones
+ up regulation of transcription by pheromones
+ activation of transcription by pheromones
+ upregulation of transcription by pheromones
+ stimulation of transcription by pheromones
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quorum sensing
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Quorum_sensing
+ quorum sensing system
+ goslim_pir
+ The process by which single-celled organisms monitor their population density by detecting the concentration of small, diffusible signal molecules produced by the cells themselves.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription by pheromones
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involving pheromones that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferredoxin hydrogenase complex
+
+
+ hydrogenase complex
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin. Hydrogenase contains iron-sulfur clusters, and some contain nickel; it can use molecular hydrogen for the reduction of a variety of substances.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ HslUV protease complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that possesses ATP-dependent protease activity; consists of an ATPase large subunit with homology to other Clp family ATPases and a peptidase small subunit related to the proteasomal beta-subunits of eukaryotes. In the E. coli complex, six identical subunits of both the ATPase, ClpY, and the protease, ClpQ, self-assemble into an oligomeric ring, and two rings of each subunit, two ClpQ rings surrounded by single ClpY rings, form a dumbbell-shaped complex.
+ ClpYQ protease complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Holliday junction helicase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A DNA helicase complex that forms part of a Holliday junction resolvase complex, where the helicase activity is involved in the migration of the junction branch point. The best-characterized example is the E. coli RuvAB complex, in which a hexamer of RuvB subunits possesses helicase activity that is modulated by association with RuvA .
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ excinuclease repair complex
+
+
+ excinuclease ABC complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Any of the protein complexes formed by the UvrABC excinuclease system, which carries out nucleotide excision repair. Three different complexes are formed by the 3 proteins as they proceed through the excision repair process. First a complex consisting of two A subunits and one B subunit bind DNA and unwind it around the damaged site. Then, the A subunits disassociate leaving behind a stable complex between subunit B and DNA. Now, subunit C binds to this B+DNA complex and causes subunit B to nick the DNA on one side of the complex while subunit C nicks the DNA on the other side of the complex. DNA polymerase I and DNA ligase can then repair the resulting gap.
+ UvrABC excinuclease complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Complex that possesses imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity.
+ imidazoleglycerol phosphate synthase complex
+ cellular_component
+ See also the molecular function term 'imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity ; GO:0000107'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translational attenuation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Translational attenuation is a regulatory mechanism analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation. The system requires the presence of a short ORF, called a leader peptide, encoded in the mRNA upstream of the ribosome-binding site and start codon of the gene whose translation is to be regulated. Certain conditions, such as presence of the antibiotic tetracycline in bacteria or amino acid starvation, may cause slowing or stalling of the ribosome translating the leader peptide. The stalled ribosome masks a region of the mRNA and affects which of two alternative mRNA folded structures will form, therefore controlling whether or not a ribosome will bind and initiate translation of the downstream gene. Translational attenuation is analogous to ribosome-mediated transcriptional attenuation, in which mRNA remodeling caused by ribosome stalling regulates transcriptional termination rather than translational initiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dimethyl sulfoxide reductase complex
+
+
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of dimethyl sulfide from dimethyl sulfoxide.
+ dimethyl sulphoxide reductase complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2'-deoxyribonucleotide metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a 2'-deoxyribonucleotide, a compound consisting of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside (a base linked to a 2'-deoxyribose sugar) esterified with a phosphate moiety at either the 3' or 5'-hydroxyl group of its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ 2'-deoxyribonucleotide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipid catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ phospholipid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phospholipids, any lipid containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
+ phospholipid degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ phospholipid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ folic acid and derivative biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ folic acid and derivative biosynthesis
+ vitamin M and derivative biosynthesis
+ vitamin M and derivative biosynthetic process
+ folic acid and derivative anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid and its derivatives.
+ folate and derivative biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ folate and derivative biosynthesis
+ vitamin B9 and derivative biosynthesis
+ folic acid and derivative formation
+ folic acid and derivative synthesis
+ vitamin B9 and derivative biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ folic acid and derivative catabolic process
+
+
+ folate and derivative catabolic process
+ folate and derivative catabolism
+ vitamin M and derivative catabolism
+ biological_process
+ folic acid and derivative degradation
+ vitamin M and derivative catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of folic acid and its derivatives.
+ folic acid and derivative breakdown
+ folic acid and derivative catabolism
+ vitamin B9 and derivative catabolism
+ vitamin B9 and derivative catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMN biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ FMN anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.
+ FMN formation
+ FMN synthesis
+ FMN biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrogen fixation
+
+ The process by which nitrogen is taken from its relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other chemical processes, such as ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide.
+ Wikipedia:Nitrogen_fixation
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:N2FIX-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The uptake and phosphorylation of specific carbohydrates from the extracellular environment; uptake and phosphorylation are coupled, making the PTS a link between the uptake and metabolism of sugars; phosphoenolpyruvate is the original phosphate donor; phosphoenolpyruvate passes the phosphate via a signal transduction pathway, to enzyme 1 (E1), which in turn passes it on to the histidine protein, HPr; the next step in the system involves sugar-specific membrane-bound complex, enzyme 2 (EII), which transports the sugar into the cell; it includes the sugar permease, which catalyzes the transport reactions; EII is usually divided into three different domains, EIIA, EIIB, and EIIC.
+ PTS system
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toxin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ toxin biosynthesis
+ toxin anabolism
+ toxin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ toxin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toxin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
+ goslim_pir
+ toxin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pathogenesis
+
+ goslim_candida
+ The set of specific processes that generate the ability of an organism to cause disease in another.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytotoxin activity
+ lipoprotein toxin
+ virulence
+ channel-forming toxin activity
+ exotoxin activity
+ pore-forming toxin activity
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products that are involved in the host response to pathogenesis. It should only be used to annotate those gene products involved in the generation of pathogenesis by the pathogen itself.
+ toxin activity
+ endotoxin activity
+ enterotoxin activity
+ neurotoxin activity
+ goslim_goa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toxin catabolic process
+
+
+ toxin degradation
+ toxin breakdown
+ toxin catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toxin, a poisonous compound (typically a protein) that is produced by cells or organisms and that can cause disease when introduced into the body or tissues of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to heat
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0006951
+ response to heat shock
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cold
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ freezing tolerance
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to xenobiotic stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a xenobiotic compound stimulus. Xenobiotic compounds are compounds foreign to living organisms.
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0017104
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to UV
+
+ response to ultraviolet light stimulus
+ response to UV radiation stimulus
+ gosubset_prok
+ response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus
+ response to UV light stimulus
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to flooding
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to deep water ; GO:0030912'. Flooding refers to short-term immersion, whereas 'response to deep water ; GO:0030912' refers to standing in water throughout an organism's life cycle.
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating flooding, short-term immersion in water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to water deprivation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ drought tolerance
+ response to drought
+ response to dehydration
+ gosubset_prok
+ response to thirst
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water deprivation stimulus, prolonged deprivation of water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to water
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to light stimulus
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pilus shaft
+
+ fimbrial shaft
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ The long, slender, mid section of a pilus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pilus tip
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The pointed extremity furthest from the cell of a pilus.
+ cellular_component
+ fimbrial tip
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum filament
+
+ The long (approximately 20 nm), thin external structure of the flagellum, which acts as a propeller.
+ flagellar filament
+ gosubset_prok
+ flagellar filament (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum filament cap
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellar filament cap (sensu Bacteria)
+ The proteinaceous structure at the distal tip of the flagellar filament.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ flagellar filament cap
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum hook-filament junction
+
+ The region of the flagellum where the hook and filament meet.
+ cellular_component
+ flagellar hook-filament junction (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ flagellar hook-filament junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chorismate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ chorismate biosynthesis
+ chorismate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:ARO-PWY
+ chorismate anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the unsymmetrical ether derived from phosphoenolpyruvate and 5-phosphoshikimic acid formed as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids and many other compounds.
+ biological_process
+ chorismate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum hook
+
+ flagellar hook (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ flagellar hook
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the flagellum that connects the filament to the basal body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum basal body
+
+ cellular_component
+ One of the three major substructures of the flagellin-based flagellum; a structure consisting of a rod, a series of rings, the Mot proteins, the switch complex and the flagellum-specific export apparatus. The rings anchor the flagellum to the cytoplasmic membrane (MS ring), the peptidoglycan (P ring) and the outer membrane (L ring).
+ flagellar basal body (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum basal body, distal rod
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the central rod of the flagellar basal body that is distal to the cell membrane; spans most of the distance between the inner and outer membranes.
+ cellular_component
+ flagellar basal body, distal rod (sensu Bacteria)
+ flagellar basal body, distal rod
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum basal body, distal rod, L ring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellar basal body, distal rod, L ring
+ flagellar basal body, distal rod, L ring (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the outer membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum basal body, distal rod, P ring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellar basal body, distal rod, P ring
+ flagellar basal body, distal rod, P ring (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the peptidoglycan layer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum basal body, proximal rod
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ flagellar basal body, proximal rod
+ cellular_component
+ flagellar basal body, proximal rod (sensu Bacteria)
+ The portion of the central rod of the flagellar basal body that is proximal to the cell membrane; proximal rod connects the distal rod to the flagellar motor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum basal body, MS ring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellar basal body, mounting plate (sensu Bacteria)
+ GO:0009430
+ flagellar basal body, MS ring (sensu Bacteria)
+ flagellar basal body, MS ring
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; a double-flanged ring that anchors the basal body to the cytoplasmic membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SOS response
+
+
+ Wikipedia:SOS_response
+ biological_process
+ An error-prone process for repairing damaged microbial DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum basal body, C ring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ flagellar basal body, C ring (sensu Bacteria)
+ flagellar basal body, C ring
+ gosubset_prok
+ Cytoplasmic ring located at the base of the flagellar basal body; acts as a rotor; includes three switch proteins, which generate torque and can change their conformational state in a bimodal fashion, so that the motor direction can switch between clockwise and counterclockwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule-based flagellum
+
+
+ See also the cellular component term 'cilium ; GO:0005929'.
+ A long, whiplike protrusion from the surface of a eukaryotic cell, whose undulations drive the cell through a liquid medium; similar in structure to a cilium. The flagellum is based on a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules.
+ cellular_component
+ flagellum (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NAD biosynthetic process
+
+
+ reduced NAD biosynthesis
+ NAD (reduced) biosynthetic process
+ NAD biosynthesis
+ NAD (reduced) biosynthesis
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
+ NADH biosynthetic process
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
+ reduced NAD biosynthetic process
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
+ NAD synthesis
+ biological_process
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
+ NAD (oxidized) biosynthetic process
+ GO:0006736
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ oxidized NAD biosynthesis
+ NAD (oxidized) biosynthesis
+ NAD anabolism
+ NAD formation
+ NADH biosynthesis
+ oxidized NAD biosynthetic process
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyoxylate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ glyoxylate degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:GLYOXDEG-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.
+ glyoxylate catabolism
+ glyoxylate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carnitine metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin Bt metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
+ vitamin Bt metabolic process
+ carnitine metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylglyoxal metabolic process
+
+ MetaCyc:METHGLYUT-PWY
+ methylglyoxal pathway
+ methylglyoxal metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ methylglyoxal bypass
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ cyanate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:CYANCAT-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.
+ biological_process
+ cyanate breakdown
+ cyanate catabolism
+ cyanate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycolate metabolic process
+
+ MetaCyc:GLYCOLATEMET-PWY
+ glycolate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ allantoin assimilation pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ allantoin degradation pathway
+ allantoin catabolic process via ureidoglycolate
+ The pathways by which allantoin is processed and converted to ureidoglycolate, and then into metabolically useful substrates. E. coli are able to utilize allantoin as a sole nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions by converting it to ureidoglycolate; this may be further metabolized to produce glyoxylate and thence 3-phosphoglycerate, or alternatively oxidized to oxolureate, which can converted into oxamate and carbamoylphosphate. This may then be further metabolized to CO2, NH4+ and ATP.
+ gosubset_prok
+ allantoin catabolism via ureidoglycolate
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-41
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxal 5'-phosphate salvage
+
+
+ Any process that generates pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyridoxal 5' phosphate salvage
+ MetaCyc:PLPSAL-PWY
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate oxidation
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of pyruvate to acetylphosphate.
+ Wikipedia:Pyruvate_decarboxylation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PYRUVOX-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ putrescine metabolic process
+
+ putrescine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ putrescine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ putrescine synthesis
+ putrescine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine can be synthesized from arginine or ornithine and is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
+ putrescine formation
+ biological_process
+ putrescine anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ putrescine catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane; putrescine is the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
+ putrescine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ putrescine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ putrescine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+ 4-aminobutanoate metabolic process
+ 4-aminobutanoate metabolism
+ 4-aminobutyrate metabolic process
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism
+ See also the biological process term 'neurotransmitter metabolic process ; GO:0042133'.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ GABA metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
+ 4-aminobutyrate metabolism
+ GABA metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ 4-aminobutanoate biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ GABA biosynthetic process
+ 4-aminobutyrate biosynthesis
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthesis
+ GABA biosynthesis
+ 4-aminobutanoate biosynthesis
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid formation
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis
+ 4-aminobutyrate biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid anabolism
+ See also the biological process term 'neurotransmitter biosynthetic process ; GO:0042136'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid breakdown
+ 4-aminobutanoate catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid catabolism
+ 4-aminobutanoate catabolism
+ GABA catabolism
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation
+ GABA catabolic process
+ 4-aminobutyrate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:4AMINOBUTMETAB-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ 4-aminobutyrate catabolic process
+ See also the biological process term 'neurotransmitter catabolic process ; GO:0042135'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA modification
+
+
+ The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RNA editing
+ The term 'RNA editing' (GO:0016547) was merged into 'RNA modification' (GO:0009451) on the basis of statements in the preface of Modification and Editing of RNA (ISBN:1555811337) that there is no clear distinction between modification and editing.
+ GO:0016547
+ Wikipedia:RNA_editing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA capping
+
+ biological_process
+ The sequence of enzymatic reactions by which the 5' cap structure, an inverted 7-methylguanosine linked via a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge (m7G(5')ppp(5')X) to the first transcribed residue, is added to a nascent RNA polymerase II transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy taxis
+
+ energytaxis
+ taxis in response to energy source
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerotaxis
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen.
+ biological_process
+ taxis in response to atmospheric oxygen
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ redox taxis
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to redox potential.
+ taxis in response to redox stimulus
+ biological_process
+ redoxtaxis
+ taxis in response to redox potential
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amyloplast
+
+ Wikipedia:Amyloplast
+ A plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thylakoid light-harvesting complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ light-harvesting complex (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ A thylakoid membrane complex of chlorophylls a and b together with chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. In addition, LHCs contain a number of other proteins, the function of which is speculative, together with accessory pigments. The LHCs capture and transfer energy to photosystems I and II. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell plate
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Cell_plate
+ The nascent cell membrane and cell wall structure that forms between two daughter nuclei near the center of a dividing plant cell. It develops at the equitorial region of the phragmoplast. It grows outwards to join with the lateral walls and form two daughter cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type cell wall
+
+ cell wall (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cellular_component
+ cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall
+ A more or less rigid stucture enclosing the protoplast of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances. As in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmodesma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmodesmata
+ A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Plasmodesma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast
+
+ Wikipedia:Chloroplast
+ A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A circular DNA molecule containing plastid encoded genes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromoplast
+
+ A plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Chromoplast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmodesmatal desmotubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0009572
+ A tightly wound cylinder of membrane that is located within the plasmodesmal pore and runs the length of the plasmodesma. The desmotubule likely provides a rigid stability to plasmodesmata and confers a fixed diameter and pore size to the plasmodesmal canal, and is linked to the endoplasmic reticulum in each of the adjacent cell.
+ desmotubule central rod
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmodesmatal endoplasmic reticulum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Endoplasmic reticulum found in plasmodesmata, junctions connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.
+ plasmodesmatal ER
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytochrome b6f complex
+
+
+ cyt b6/f complex
+ cytochrome b6-f complex
+ Complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome f, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
+ Wikipedia:Cytochrome_b6f_complex
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ cyt b6f complex
+ cytochrome b(6)f complex
+ cytochrome b6/f complex
+ cyt b6-f complex
+ cyt b(6)f complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ etioplast
+
+ cellular_component
+ A plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.
+ Wikipedia:Etioplast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyoxysome
+
+ Wikipedia:Glyoxysome
+ A microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granal stacked thylakoid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast stacked thylakoid
+ Appressed thylakoid membranes that are part of a granum (stacked regions). A characteristic of these appressed regions is the preferential localization of photosystem II.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucoplast
+
+ cellular_component
+ A colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
+ Wikipedia:Leucoplast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PSII associated light-harvesting complex II
+
+ LHCII
+ Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem II.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PSI associated light-harvesting complex I
+
+ LHCI
+ Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem I.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ middle lamella
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Layer of intercellular material, chiefly pectic substances, cementing together the primary walls of contiguous cells.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Middle_lamella
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reaction center (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ Wikipedia:Photosystem
+ reaction centre (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ A complex located in a photosynthetic membrane that consists of a photoreaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers.
+ GO:0030090
+ reaction centre (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ reaction center (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem I
+
+ A photosystem that contains an iron-sulfur reaction center associated with accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, photosystem I functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin; in photosynthetic bacteria that have only a single type I photosystem, such as the green sulfur bacteria, electrons can go either to ferredoxin (Fd) -> NAD+ or to menaquinone (MK) -> Cytb/FeS -> Cytc555 -> photosystem I (cyclic photophosphorylation).
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem II
+
+ Wikipedia:Photosystem_II
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A photosystem that contains a pheophytin-quinone reaction center with associated accessory pigments and electron carriers. In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, in the presence of light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone, whereas other photosynthetic bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis and oxidize other compounds to re-reduce the photoreaction center.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phragmoplast
+
+ cellular_component
+ Fibrous structure (light microscope view) that arises between the daughter nuclei at telophase and within which the initial partition (cell plate), dividing the mother cell in two (cytokinesis), is formed. Appears at first as a spindle connected to the two nuclei, but later spreads laterally in the form of a ring. Consists of microtubules.
+ Wikipedia:Phragmoplast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phragmosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Phragmosome
+ A flattened membranous vesicle containing cell wall components.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid envelope
+
+
+ The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid outer membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid inner membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope; also faces the plastid stroma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid intermembrane space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the plastid envelope.
+ plastid envelope lumen
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary cell wall
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A plant cell wall that is still able to expand, permitting cell growth. Primary cell walls contain more pectin than secondary walls and no lignin is present.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary cell wall
+
+
+ A plant cell wall that is no longer able to expand and so does not permit growth. Secondary cell walls contain less pectin that primary cell walls. The secondary cell is mostly composed of cellulose and is strengthened with lignin.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Secondary_cell_wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid stroma
+
+ cellular_component
+ The proteinaceous ground substance of plastids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast stromal thylakoid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Unstacked thylakoids that connect the grana stacks through the stroma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast thylakoid
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana.
+ thylakoid (sensu Viridiplantae)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast thylakoid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ thylakoid membrane (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ The pigmented membrane of a chloroplast thylakoid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_generic
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_plant
+ Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
+ Wikipedia:Plastid
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proplastid
+
+ cellular_component
+ The precursor of other plastids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem I reaction center
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A photochemical system containing P700, the chlorophyll a dimer that functions as a primary electron donor. Functioning as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.
+ photosystem I reaction centre
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem II reaction center
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ photosystem II reaction centre
+ An integral membrane complex containing P680, the chlorophyll a molecule that functions as a primary electron donor. In the light, functioning as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from water to plastoquinone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ etioplast prolamellar body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A three dimensional regular lattice found in etioplasts. It is composed of a continuous system of tubules but when exposed to light the symmetrical arrangement is rapidly lost as tubules become pinched off into two dimensional sections of lattice. These for perforated sheets of membrane that move apart, extend and increase, finally establishing the typical granal and intergranal lamellae of the mature chloroplast.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granum
+
+ Distinct stack of lamellae seen within chloroplasts. Grana contain the pigments, electron transfer compounds, and enzymes essential to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast thylakoid lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ thylakoid lumen (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ The cavity enclosed within the chloroplast thylakoid membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast ATP synthase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The protein complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP in chloroplasts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elaioplast
+
+ Wikipedia:Elaioplast
+ A leucoplast in which oil is stored.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmodesmatal cytoplasmic sleeve
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmodesmatal cytoplasmic annulus
+ The space between the plasma membrane and the desmotubule of a plasmodesma.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid ribosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A ribosome contained within a plastid.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmodesmatal plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasmodesma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellulose microfibril
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Cellulose is a straight chain polysaccharide composed of B(14) linked glucose subunits. It is a major component of plant cell walls where it is found as microfibrils laid down in orthogonal layers. Higher plant microfibrils are about 10nm in diameter and extremely long in relation to their width. The cellulose molecules are oriented parallel to the long axis of the microfibril in a paracrystalline array, which provides great tensile strength. The microfibrils are held in place by the wall matrix and their orientation is closely controlled by the protoplast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary plasmodesma
+
+ simple plasmodesma
+ A plasmodesma that consists of a simple, single channel; found predominantly in young tissue and formed as a function of cell plate formation during cytokinesis.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary plasmodesma
+
+ cellular_component
+ A plasmodesma with a branched structure, often with many channels leading into a larger central cavity; found in older tissues and usually derived from preexisting primary plasmodesmata.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryo sac development
+
+ female gametophyte development
+ GO:0048230
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the megasporocyte to form four haploid megaspores. Three of the megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center. The two polar nuclei fuse resulting in a mononucleate diploid endosperm mother cell. The three antipodal cells degenerate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megasporogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic division of the megasporocyte
+ megaspore mother cell meiosis
+ megaspore development
+ The process by which the megasporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid megaspores in the nucellus.
+ meiosis of the megasporocyte
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen development
+
+ pollen grain formation
+ formation of generative and vegetative cells
+ male gametophyte formation
+ GO:0048231
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the meiosis of the microsporocyte to form four haploid microspores. The nucleus of each microspore then divides by mitosis to form a two-celled organism, the pollen grain, that contains a tube cell as well as a smaller generative cell. The pollen grain is surrounded by an elaborate cell wall. In some species, the generative cell immediately divides again to give a pair of sperm cells. In most flowering plants, however this division takes place later, in the tube that develops when a pollen grain germinates.
+ microgametophyte development
+ GO:0009564
+ male gametophyte development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microsporogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the microsporocyte undergoes meiosis, giving rise to four haploid microspores.
+ microspore development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antipodal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an antipodal cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellularization of the embryo sac
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the eight-nucleate single celled female gametophyte develops into the seven-celled female gametophyte. This mature structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center.
+ GO:0009797
+ cellularization (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cellularization of the female gametophyte
+ cellularization of megagametophyte
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryo sac central cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ embryo sac endosperm mother cell differentiation
+ The process whereby the two uncellularized polar nuclei cellularize, fuse and acquire the specialized features of a mononucleate diploid central cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryo sac egg cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby an uncellularized embryo sac nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of an egg cell.
+ GO:0048233
+ female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ female gamete generation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megagametogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo sac over time, from its formation as the megaspore to the mature structure. The process begins when three of the four haploid megaspores disintegrate, and the fourth undergoes mitosis giving rise to a binucleate syncytial embryo sac. The two haploid nuclei migrate to the opposite poles of the embryo sac and then undergo two rounds of mitosis generating four haploid nuclei at each pole. One nucleus from each set of four migrates to the center of the cell. Cellularization occurs, resulting in an eight-nucleate seven-celled structure. This structure contains two synergid cells and an egg cell at the micropylar end, and three antipodal cells at the other end. A binucleate endosperm mother cell is formed at the center.
+ biological_process
+ megagametophyte nucleus division
+ embryo sac development from the megaspore
+ Wikipedia:Megagametogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryo sac nuclear migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female gametophyte nuclear migration
+ female gametophyte nucleus migration
+ The directed movement of an embryo sac nucleus to the pole or center of the cell.
+ biological_process
+ megagametophyte nuclear migration
+ megagametophyte nucleus migration
+ embryo sac nucleus migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synergid differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synergid cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby an uncellularized nucleus cellularizes and acquires the specialized features of a synergid cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fertilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Fertilisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double fertilization forming a zygote and endosperm
+
+ Fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the 3n primary endosperm nucleus and then develops into the endosperm. The ploidy level of the 2n zygote and 3n primary endosperm nucleus is determined by the ploidy level of the parents involved.
+ double fertilization (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amyloplast starch grain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in amyloplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
+ cellular_component
+ amyloplast starch granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast starch grain
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ chloroplast starch granule
+ Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in chloroplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast stroma
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proplastid stroma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The space enclosed by the double membrane of a proplastid.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex, located in the chloroplast, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
+ cellular_component
+ RubisCO complex (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ preprophase band
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A dense band of microtubules, 1-3 pm wide, that appears just beneath the cell membrane before the start of cell division in the cells of higher plants. It precedes the onset of prophase and then disappears as mitosis begins, yet it somehow determines the plane of orientation of the new cell plate forming in late telophase and marks the zone of the parental cell wall where fusion with the growing cell plate ultimately occurs.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Preprophase_band
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromoplast stroma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chromoplast but excluding the photosynthetic material.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucoplast stroma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The space enclosed by the double membrane of a leucoplast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elaioplast stroma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The space enclosed by the double membrane of an elaioplast.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ etioplast stroma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The space enclosed by the double membrane of an etioplast but excluding the prothylakoid space. It contains the etioplast DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thylakoid
+
+ goslim_plant
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Thylakoid
+ A membranous cellular structure that bears the photosynthetic pigments in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. In cyanobacteria thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to, or continuous with, the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bounded disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
+ goslim_pir
+ photosynthetic membrane
+ goslim_generic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of external stimulus
+
+
+ perception of external stimulus
+ gosubset_prok
+ The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of abiotic stimulus
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of abiotic stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of light stimulus
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ detection of light
+ The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+ perception of light
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of visible light
+
+ The series of events in which a visible light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. A visible light stimulus is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived visually by an organism; for organisms lacking a visual system, this can be defined as light with a wavelength within the range 380 to 780 nm.
+ biological_process
+ perception of visible light
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ red, far-red light phototransduction
+
+ The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from red or far-red light into a molecular signal; the red, far-red light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range 660-730 nm.
+ red-sensitive opsin
+ biological_process
+ phytochrome signaling pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhodopsin mediated phototransduction
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of excitation of rhodopsin by a photon and the events then required to return the rhodopsin containing cell to the unexcited state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UV-A, blue light phototransduction
+
+ biological_process
+ blue-sensitive opsin
+ violet-sensitive opsin
+ short-wave-sensitive opsin
+ The sequence of reactions within a cell required to convert absorbed photons from UV-A or blue light into a molecular signal; the UV-A, blue light range is defined as having a wavelength within the range of approximately 400-500 nm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of UV
+
+
+ biological_process
+ detection of UV light stimulus
+ detection of ultraviolet light stimulus
+ detection of ultraviolet radiation stimulus
+ detection of UV radiation stimulus
+ The series of events in which an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
+ perception of UV
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of gravity
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a gravitational stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of gravity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of chemical stimulus
+
+
+ chemoperception
+ detection of chemical substance
+ The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of chemical substance
+ biological_process
+ perception of chemical stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of nutrient
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a nutrient stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of nutrients
+ nutrient sensing
+ detection of nutrients
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of biotic stimulus
+
+
+ The series of events in which a biotic stimulus, one caused or produced by a living organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ GO:0009596
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ perception of biotic stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of virus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ perception of virus
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a virus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of nematode
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ perception of nematode
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a nematode is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of insect
+
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from an insect is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+ perception of insect
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of symbiont
+
+
+
+ perception of symbiont
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiont (an organism living in close physical association with an organism of a different species) is received and converted into a molecular signal. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of symbiotic fungus
+
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+ perception of symbiotic fungi
+ detection of symbiotic fungi
+ perception of symbiotic fungus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of symbiotic bacterium
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism, is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of symbiotic bacterium
+ detection of symbiotic bacteria
+ perception of symbiotic bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to external stimulus
+
+ goslim_generic
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus.
+ goslim_plant
+ response to environmental stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tropism
+
+
+ The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external source of stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Tropism
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to biotic stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ response to biotic stress
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_generic
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a biotic stimulus, a stimulus caused or produced by a living organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to symbiont
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiont, an organism living with an organism of a different species in close physical association. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ response of host to symbiont
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to symbiotic bacterium
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic bacterium, a bacterium living in close physical association with another organism.
+ response to symbiotic bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to symbiotic fungus
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a symbiotic fungus, a fungus living in close physical association with another organism.
+ biological_process
+ response to symbiotic fungi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to wounding
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.
+ GO:0002245
+ biological_process
+ physiological response to wounding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to mechanical stimulus
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
+ chemi-mechanical coupling
+ mechanical stimulus response
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to virus
+
+ response to viruses
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus induced gene silencing
+
+
+
+ virus-induced gene silencing
+ Specific posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of viral gene(s), and host gene(s) homologous to the viral genes. This silencing is triggered by viral infection, and occurs through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA of both host and viral genes.
+ VIGS
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to bacterium
+
+ GO:0009618
+ GO:0009680
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a bacterium.
+ response to bacteria
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to fungus
+
+ GO:0009621
+ biological_process
+ response to fungi
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a fungus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to parasitic fungus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a parasitic fungus, a fungus which spends all or part of its life in or on another organism from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection.
+ response to parasitic fungi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to nematode
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a nematode.
+ biological_process
+ response to nematodes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to insect
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from an insect.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0043019
+ response to insects
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type hypersensitive response
+
+
+ HR-PCD
+ Note that term is to be used to annotate gene products in the plant. To annotate symbiont gene products that induce the hypersensitive response, consider the biological process term 'modulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death ; GO:0034053'.
+ The rapid, localized death of plant cells in response to invasion by a pathogen.
+ plant hypersensitive response
+ biological_process
+ HR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ systemic acquired resistance
+
+ The salicylic acid mediated response to a pathogen which confers broad spectrum resistance.
+ biological_process
+ salicylic acid-dependent systemic resistance
+ Wikipedia:Systemic_acquired_resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to abiotic stimulus
+
+ goslim_generic
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus.
+ response to abiotic stress
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to gravity
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus.
+ response to gravitational stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gravitropism
+
+
+ geotropism
+ The orientation of plant parts under the stimulation of gravity.
+ Wikipedia:Gravitropism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cold acclimation
+
+ Any process that increases freezing tolerance of an organism in response to low, nonfreezing temperatures.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to herbicide
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a herbicide stimulus. Herbicides are chemicals used to kill or control the growth of plants.
+ herbicide susceptibility/resistance
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to toxin
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxin stimulus.
+ toxin susceptibility/resistance
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ toxin resistance
+ detoxification response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to blue light
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a blue light stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.
+ biological_process
+ response to blue light stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phototropism
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Phototropism
+ biological_process
+ The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to a light stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to red or far red light
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red or far red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photomorphogenesis
+
+
+ The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation by the duration and nature of light, independent of photosynthesis.
+ plant development in response to light
+ Wikipedia:Photomorphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shade avoidance
+
+ biological_process
+ Shade avoidance is a set of responses that plants display when they are subjected to the shade of another plant. It often includes elongation, altered flowering time, increased apical dominance and altered partitioning of resources. Plants are able to distinguish between the shade of an inanimate object (e.g. a rock) and the shade of another plant due to the altered balance between red and far-red light in the shade of a plant; this balance between red and far-red light is perceived by phytochrome.
+ Wikipedia:Shade_avoidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to light intensity
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light intensity stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic acclimation
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to high light intensity
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high light intensity stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to low light intensity stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low light intensity stimulus. Low light intensity is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation at or below 0.1 micromols/m2.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to absence of light
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an absence of light stimuli.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skotomorphogenesis
+
+
+ The control of plant growth, development, and differentiation in response to growth in darkness.
+ biological_process
+ etiolation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoperiodism
+
+ response to night length
+ response to day length
+ response to photoperiod
+ A change in state or activity of the organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length, measured relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.
+ Wikipedia:Photoperiodism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entrainment of circadian clock
+
+
+ regulation of circadian rhythm phase
+ The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to environmental time cues such as light.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UV protection
+
+ UV tolerance
+ UV resistance
+ ultraviolet resistance
+ Any process by which an organism or cell protects itself from ultraviolet radiation (UV), which may also result in resistance to repeated exposure to UV.
+ ultraviolet tolerance
+ gosubset_prok
+ ultraviolet protection
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to salt stress
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
+ salinity response
+ biological_process
+ esponse to ionic osmotic stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thigmotropism
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, such as leaves or tendrils, in response to a touch stimulus, usually toward or away from it.
+ Wikipedia:Thigmotropism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anatomical structure morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anatomical structure organization
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_plant
+ morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ gosubset_prok
+ embryogenesis and morphogenesis
+ Wikipedia:Morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxygen evolving complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Oxygen_evolving_complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A complex, composed of a cluster of manganese, calcium and chloride ions bound to extrinsic proteins, that catalyzes the splitting of water to O2 and 4 H+. In cyanobacteria there are five extrinsic proteins in OEC (PsbO, PsbP-like, PsbQ-like, PsbU and PsbV), while in plants there are only three (PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIc subcomplex
+ cellular_component
+ PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIId subcomplex
+ The pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria that directly transfers electrons to the reaction center.
+ gosubset_prok
+ PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIa subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. Involved in state transitions that cause migration to PSI under certain environmental conditions such as high light.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid organization
+
+ biological_process
+ plastid organisation and biogenesis
+ goslim_pir
+ plastid organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plastid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chloroplast.
+ chloroplast organisation and biogenesis
+ chloroplast organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucoplast organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
+ leucoplast organisation and biogenesis
+ leucoplast organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amyloplast organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an amyloplast. An amyloplast is a plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.
+ amyloplast organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ amyloplast organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromoplast organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the chromoplast. A chromoplast is a plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.
+ biological_process
+ chromoplast organisation and biogenesis
+ chromoplast organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ etioplast organization
+
+ biological_process
+ etioplast organisation and biogenesis
+ etioplast organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an etioplast. An etioplast is a plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmodesma organization
+
+ biological_process
+ plasmodesma organization and biogenesis
+ plasmodesmata organization and biogenesis
+ plasmodesma organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a plasmodesma, a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type cell wall organization
+
+ cell wall organization and biogenesis (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cell wall organisation and biogenesis (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ plant-type cell wall organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall; as in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid inheritance
+
+
+ The partitioning of plastids between daughter cells at cell division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid outer membrane organization
+
+ biological_process
+ plastid outer membrane organization and biogenesis
+ plastid outer membrane organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the outer membrane of a plastid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid inner membrane organization
+
+ biological_process
+ plastid inner membrane organisation and biogenesis
+ plastid inner membrane organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the inner membrane of a plastid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid membrane organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid membrane organisation and biogenesis
+ plastid membrane organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of either of the lipid bilayers surrounding a plastid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double fertilization forming two zygotes
+
+ Rudimentary double fertilization where one of the two sperm nuclei from the pollen tube fuses with the egg nucleus to form a 2n zygote, and the other fuses with the ventral canal cell nucleus to form a second zygote, which soon degenerates.
+ biological_process
+ double fertilization (sensu Gnetophyta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induced systemic resistance
+
+
+ A response to non-pathogenic bacteria that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indoleacetic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+ IAA metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ indole acetic acid metabolism
+ indole acetic acid metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.
+ indoleacetic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ indole-3-acetate biosynthesis
+ indoleacetic acid biosynthesis
+ indole acetic acid biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.
+ indoleacetic acid anabolism
+ indole-3-acetate biosynthetic process
+ indole acetic acid biosynthesis
+ indole-acetic acid biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ indoleacetic acid synthesis
+ IAA biosynthetic process
+ indole-acetic acid biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ indoleacetic acid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gibberellin metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gibberellic acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ gibberellin metabolism
+ gibberellic acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gibberellin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gibberellic acid formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
+ gibberellin biosynthesis
+ gibberellic acid biosynthesis
+ gibberellic acid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ gibberellic acid biosynthetic process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5036
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5052
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5070
+ gibberellic acid anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5035
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abscisic acid metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.
+ abscisic acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abscisic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-695
+ abscisic acid biosynthesis
+ abscisic acid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.
+ abscisic acid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ abscisic acid anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of phytoalexin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ induction of phytoalexin anabolism
+ The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, low-molecular mass, lipophilic antimicrobial compounds that accumulate rapidly at sites of incompatible pathogen infection.
+ induction of phytoalexin synthesis
+ induction of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ induction of phytoalexin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
+ biological_process
+ cytokinin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators.
+ cytokinin synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytokinin formation
+ cytokinin biosynthesis
+ cytokinin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethylene metabolic process
+
+
+
+ ethene metabolic process
+ ethylene metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
+ biological_process
+ ethene metabolism
+ Reactome:76472
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethylene biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ethene biosynthetic process
+ ethene biosynthesis from L-methionine
+ ethylene biosynthesis from L-methionine
+ MetaCyc:ETHYL-PWY
+ ethylene formation
+ ethene biosynthesis
+ ethene biosynthetic process from L-methionine
+ ethylene biosynthesis
+ GO:0042456
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
+ ethylene biosynthetic process from L-methionine
+ ethylene anabolism
+ biological_process
+ ethylene synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ jasmonic acid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative with the formula (1R-(1 alpha, 2 beta(Z)))-3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid.
+ biological_process
+ jasmonic acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ jasmonic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ jasmonic acid formation
+ biological_process
+ jasmonic acid synthesis
+ jasmonic acid biosynthesis
+ jasmonic acid anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-735
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of jasmonic acid, a fatty acid derivative.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salicylic acid metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.
+ salicylic acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salicylic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ salicylic acid anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ salicylic acid synthesis
+ salicylic acid biosynthesis
+ salicylic acid formation
+ biological_process
+ salicylate biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-981
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylpropanoid metabolic process
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY1F-467
+ phenylpropanoid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ phenylpropanoid synthesis
+ phenylpropanoid formation
+ phenylpropanoid biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.
+ phenylpropanoid anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole phytoalexin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.
+ biological_process
+ indole phytoalexin synthesis
+ indole phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ indole phytoalexin anabolism
+ indole phytoalexin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ isoflavonoid phytoalexin synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
+ isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ isoflavonoid phytoalexin anabolism
+ isoflavonoid phytoalexin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ de-etiolation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The greening response of plants grown in the dark (etiolated) as a result of chloroplast biogenesis and the accumulation of chlorophyll.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type vacuole membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar membrane (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a vacuole that retains the same shape regardless of cell cycle phase. The membrane separates its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
+ tonoplast
+ membrane of vacuole with cell cycle-independent morphology
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast inner membrane
+
+
+ The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope; also faces the chloroplast stroma.
+ cellular_component
+ chloroplast inner envelope
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast outer membrane
+
+
+ chloroplast outer envelope
+ The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid anabolism
+ benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ terpenoid indole alkaloid synthesis
+ terpenoid indole alkaloid formation
+ terpenoid indole alkaloid anabolism
+ terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tropane alkaloid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ tropane alkaloid formation
+ tropane alkaloid synthesis
+ tropane alkaloid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.
+ tropane alkaloid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine alkaloid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.
+ purine alkaloid formation
+ biological_process
+ purine alkaloid biosynthesis
+ purine alkaloid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine alkaloid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catechol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a compound containing a pyrocatechol (1,2-benzenediol) nucleus or substituent.
+ gosubset_prok
+ catechol metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catechol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ catechol formation
+ catechol synthesis
+ catechol biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ catechol anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of catechol, a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chalcone metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving chalcones, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.
+ biological_process
+ chalcone metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chalcone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ chalcone synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.
+ biological_process
+ chalcone formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ chalcone biosynthesis
+ chalcone anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ flavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ flavonoid phytoalexin synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
+ biological_process
+ flavonoid phytoalexin anabolism
+ flavonoid phytoalexin formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoflavonoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ isoflavonoid anabolism
+ isoflavonoid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ isoflavonoid biosynthesis
+ isoflavonoid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.
+ anthocyanin synthesis
+ anthocyanin anabolism
+ anthocyanin biosynthesis
+ anthocyanin formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to endogenous stimulus
+
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_plant
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus arising within the organism.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of hormone stimulus
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of hormone stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of auxin stimulus
+
+
+ The series of events in which an auxin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of auxin stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of cytokinin stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ perception of cytokinin stimulus
+ The series of events in which a cytokinin stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to ethylene stimulus
+
+ response to ethene stimulus
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethylene (ethene) stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of abscisic acid stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ perception of abscisic acid stimulus
+ The series of events in which an abscisic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to hormone stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ growth regulator
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of endogenous stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ perception of endogenous stimulus
+ The series of events in which an endogenous stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of ethylene stimulus
+
+
+ The series of events in which an ethylene (ethene) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of ethene stimulus
+ perception of ethylene stimulus
+ detection of ethene stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of gibberellic acid stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a gibberellic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of gibberellic acid stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of brassinosteroid stimulus
+
+
+ The series of events in which a brassinosteroid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of brassinosteroid stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of carbohydrate stimulus
+
+
+ The series of events in which a carbohydrate stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of carbohydrate stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of sucrose stimulus
+
+
+ perception of sucrose stimulus
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a sucrose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of hexose stimulus
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a hexose is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+ perception of hexose stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to auxin stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auxin stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auxin mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
+ auxin mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cytokinin stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokinin stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinin mediated signaling
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals induced by the detection of cytokinin.
+ cytokinin mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to abscisic acid stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abscisic acid stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abscisic acid mediated signaling
+
+
+ abscisic acid mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of abscisic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to gibberellin stimulus
+
+ response to gibberellic acid stimulus
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gibberellin stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+
+
+ gibberellic acid signaling
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid.
+ gibberellic acid mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ GA-signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to brassinosteroid stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brassinosteroid stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brassinosteroid mediated signaling
+
+
+ brassinosteroid mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of brassinosteroid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to carbohydrate stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbohydrate stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to sucrose stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sucrose mediated signaling
+
+
+ sucrose mediated signalling
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of sucrose.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to hexose stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hexose stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexokinase-dependent signaling
+
+ hexokinase-dependent signalling
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and dependent on the detection of hexokinase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexokinase-independent signaling
+
+ hexokinase-independent signalling
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by hexose and independent of hexokinase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to glucose stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to fructose stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fructose stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to salicylic acid stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a salicylic acid stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of salicylic acid stimulus
+
+
+ The series of events in which a salicylic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of salicylic acid stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to jasmonic acid stimulus
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of jasmonic acid stimulus
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a jasmonic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Series of events required for a jasmonic acid stimulus to be detected and converted to a signal molecule.
+ perception of jasmonic acid stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hormone-mediated signaling
+
+
+ Reactome:288341
+ Reactome:163359
+ Reactome:255742
+ Reactome:244950
+ Reactome:238400
+ Reactome:268452
+ Reactome:252563
+ Reactome:286664
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:262492
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone.
+ Reactome:230363
+ Reactome:259135
+ Reactome:249830
+ hormone mediated signalling
+ Reactome:221785
+ Reactome:212022
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbohydrate mediated signaling
+
+
+ carbohydrate mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of carbohydrate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexose mediated signaling
+
+
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of hexose.
+ biological_process
+ hexose mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbohydrate utilization
+
+ Series of processes that involve carbohydrate sensing, carbohydrate transportation and carbohydrate metabolism which lead to the utilization of carbohydrates.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole glucosinolate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ indole glucosinolate anabolism
+ indole glucosinolate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-601
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.
+ indole glucosinolate formation
+ indole glucosinolate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C4 photosynthesis
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:C4_carbon_fixation
+ The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) in the mesophyll cells to make a 4-carbon acid which is immediately converted to malic acid. The malic acid is then passed across to the bundle sheath cells where it is broken down again to pyruvic acid and CO2. The acid is passed back to the mesophyll cells to be used again, while the CO2 is fed into the reductive pentose-phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) and converted into sugar and starch.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CAM photosynthesis
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Crassulacean_acid_metabolism
+ The combination of atmospheric CO2 with a 3-carbon molecule phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) to make malic acid. The malic acid is then passed into the vacuole where it is stored until daylight, when it is shuttled back out to be used as a substrate in the light reaction of photosynthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADP-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NADP-malic enzyme.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-241
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NAD-malic enzyme C4 photosynthesis
+
+ The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is NAD-malic enzyme.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PEP carboxykinase C4 photosynthesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of C4 photosynthesis, as it occurs in plants in which the enzyme decarboxylating C4 acids in the bundle sheath is phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthesis, light harvesting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Absorption and transfer of the energy absorbed from light photons between photosystem reaction centers.
+ energy dissipation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary charge separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ In the photosynthetic reaction centers, primary charge separation is initiated by the excitation of a molecule followed by the transfer of an electron to an electron acceptor molecule following energy transfer from light harvesting complexes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic electron transport chain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process, occurring as part of photosynthesis, whereby light provides the energy for a series of electron carriers to operate together to transfer electrons and generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
+ biological_process
+ electron carrier, chlorophyll electron transport system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I
+
+ After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem I, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem II
+
+ biological_process
+ After a photon of light is absorbed by one of the many chlorophyll molecules, in one of the light-harvesting complexes of an antenna on photosystem II, some of the absorbed energy is transferred to the pair of chlorophyll molecules in the reaction center.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary charge separation in photosystem I
+
+ biological_process
+ Energized reaction-center P700 chlorophylls on photosystem I donate an electron to a loosely bound Quinone acceptor molecule X, on the stromal surface of the thylakoid membrane. The result is charge separation; a negative charge on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane and a positive charge on the luminal side.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary charge separation in photosystem II
+
+ Energized reaction-center P680 chlorophylls on photosystem II donate an electron to a loosely bound acceptor molecule, the quinone Q, on the stromal surface of the thylakoid membrane. The result is charge separation; a negative charge on the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane and a positive charge on the luminal side.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem II
+
+ Electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, Q) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach the ultimate electron acceptor of Photosystem II, which is plastocyanin (PC). The electron is then passed to the P700 chlorophyll a molecules of the reaction centre of photosystem I.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I
+
+ Electrons move from the primary electron acceptor (Quinone, X) through a chain of electron transport molecules in the thylakoid membrane until they reach ferredoxin which passes the electron to the ultimate electron acceptor; NADP.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic electron transport in plastoquinone
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic electron transport in cytochrome b6/f
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic electron transport in plastocyanin
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any metabolic process by which photosynthetic organisms use light energy to convert ADP to ATP without the concomitant reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water that occurs in phosphorylation.
+ photosynthetic ATP synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation
+
+ biological_process
+ ATP synthesis is driven by a proton gradient generated across the thylakoid membrane. Involves only photosystem I.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ noncyclic photosynthetic phosphorylation
+
+ biological_process
+ ATP synthesis is linked to the transport of electrons from water to NADP+ with the production of NADPH and dioxygen (O2). Involves photosystem I and photosystem II.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic NADP+ reduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which NADP+ is reduced to NADPH. The light reactions of photosynthesis use energy from photons to generate high-energy electrons. These electrons are used directly to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. NADPH is a relatively stable molecule and can pass on its hydrogen atom to other molecules in chemical reactions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem I antenna complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The antenna complex of photosystem I. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem II antenna complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The antenna complex of photosystem II. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blue light signaling pathway
+
+ blue light signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of blue light by photoreceptor molecule, at a wavelength between 440nm and 500nm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of asymmetric cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by abscisic acid.
+ regulation of abscisic acid mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+ down-regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by abscisic acid.
+ inhibition of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+ negative regulation of abscisic acid mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+ positive regulation of abscisic acid mediated signalling
+ activation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of abscisic acid mediated signal transduction.
+ up-regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+ upregulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+ up regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_plant
+ Wikipedia:Embryogenesis
+ GO:0009795
+ goslim_generic
+ embryogenesis
+ embryonal development
+ embryogenesis and morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_plant
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic development ending in birth or egg hatching
+
+ embryonic development (sensu Metazoa)
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo over time, from zygote formation until the end of the embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic life stage is organism-specific and may be somewhat arbitrary; for mammals it is usually considered to be birth, for insects the hatching of the first instar larva from the eggshell.
+ embryogenesis (sensu Metazoa)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic development ending in seed dormancy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic development (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy.
+ embryogenesis (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic mitotic cell cycle control
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo.
+ embryonic mitotic cell cycle regulator
+ regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
+ embryonic mitotic cell cycle modulation
+ control of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
+ regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
+ regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle
+ modulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
+ embryonic mitotic cell cycle regulation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axis specification
+
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point.
+ biological_process
+ axis determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of symmetry
+
+ The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism such that a similar arrangement in form and relationship of parts around a common axis, or around each side of a plane is created.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cinnamic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ cinnamic acid formation
+ cinnamic acid synthesis
+ cinnamic acid biosynthesis
+ cinnamylic acid biosynthetic process
+ phenylacrylic acid biosynthetic process
+ cinnamic acid anabolism
+ phenylpropenoic acid biosynthesis
+ cinnamylic acid biosynthesis
+ phenylpropenoic acid biosynthetic process
+ phenylacrylic acid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cinnamic acid ester metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cinnamic acid ester metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cinnamic acid ester biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cinnamic acid ester formation
+ phenylacrylic acid ester biosynthesis
+ cinnamic acid ester anabolism
+ cinnamic acid ester biosynthesis
+ cinnamylic acid ester biosynthesis
+ phenylacrylic acid ester biosynthetic process
+ cinnamylic acid ester biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cinnamic acid ester synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cinnamic acid metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ phenylacrylic acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.
+ cinnamylic acid metabolism
+ cinnamic acid metabolism
+ phenylpropenoic acid metabolic process
+ phenylacrylic acid metabolism
+ cinnamylic acid metabolic process
+ phenylpropenoic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coumarin metabolic process
+
+
+
+ Reactome:76453
+ Reactome:216411
+ coumarin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:206872
+ Reactome:225273
+ Reactome:233957
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coumarin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ coumarin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coumarins, a class of compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.
+ biological_process
+ coumarin synthesis
+ coumarin biosynthesis
+ coumarin anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5176
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lignan metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.
+ lignan metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lignan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lignan anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.
+ lignan synthesis
+ lignan biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ lignan formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lignin metabolic process
+
+ lignin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lignin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ lignin anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-361
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lignins, a class of polymers formed by the dehydrogenetive radical polymerization of various phenylpropanoid monomers.
+ lignin formation
+ biological_process
+ lignin biosynthesis
+ lignin synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stilbene metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving stilbenes, a class of polyketides formed from a molecule of cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl-CoA.
+ biological_process
+ stilbene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stilbene biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ stilbene anabolism
+ stilbene synthesis
+ stilbene biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ stilbene formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavonoid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ flavonoid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton including flavones, flavonols and flavanoids, and anthocyanins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavonoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ flavonoid formation
+ Wikipedia:Flavonoid
+ flavonoid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ flavonoid synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY1F-FLAVSYN
+ flavonoid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response, incompatible interaction
+
+
+ A response of a plant to a pathogenic agent that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease.
+ response to pathogen (incompatible interaction)
+ biological_process
+ defence response incompatible interaction
+ defence response to pathogen, incompatible interaction
+ resistance response to pathogen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ defence response to pathogenic bacteria, incompatible interaction
+ response to pathogenic bacterium (incompatible interaction)
+ resistance response to pathogenic bacteria
+ resistance response to pathogenic bacterium
+ A response of an organism to a bacterium that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease.
+ response to pathogenic bacteria (incompatible interaction)
+ defence response to pathogenic bacterium, incompatible interaction
+ defence response to bacterium, incompatible interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction
+
+
+ response to pathogenic fungus (incompatible interaction)
+ biological_process
+ defence response to pathogenic fungi, incompatible interaction
+ resistance response to pathogenic fungi
+ response to pathogenic fungi (incompatible interaction)
+ defense response to fungi, incompatible interaction
+ defence response to pathogenic fungus, incompatible interaction
+ resistance response to pathogenic fungus
+ defence response to fungus, incompatible interaction
+ A response of an organism to a fungus that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to protozoan, incompatible interaction
+
+
+ defence response to protozoan, incompatible interaction
+ resistance response to pathogenic protozoa
+ biological_process
+ response to pathogenic protozoa (incompatible interaction)
+ response to pathogenic protozoan (incompatible interaction)
+ defence response to pathogenic protozoan, incompatible interaction
+ defence response to pathogenic protozoa, incompatible interaction
+ A response of an organism to a protozoan that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease.
+ resistance response to pathogenic protozoan
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ drought recovery
+
+ biological_process
+ drought tolerance
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, gene expression, enzyme production, etc.) as a result of prolonged deprivation of water that restores that organism to a normal (non-stressed) condition.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkaloid metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ alkaloid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkaloid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ alkaloid biosynthesis
+ alkaloid formation
+ alkaloid anabolism
+ alkaloid synthesis
+ UM-BBD_enzymeID:e0711
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkaloids, nitrogen-containing natural products which are not otherwise classified as nonprotein amino acids, amines, peptides, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones, or primary metabolite (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkaloid catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ alkaloid catabolism
+ alkaloid degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkaloids, nitrogen containing natural products not otherwise classified as peptides, nonprotein amino acids, amines, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, cofactors, phytohormones or primary metabolites (such as purine or pyrimidine bases).
+ gosubset_prok
+ alkaloid breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinin catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as plant growth regulators.
+ cytokinin degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytokinin breakdown
+ cytokinin catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multidimensional cell growth
+
+ biological_process
+ cell growth in two dimensions
+ cell growth in three dimensions
+ The process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size in two or three [spatial] dimensions or along two or three axes.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unidimensional cell growth
+
+ biological_process
+ cell elongation
+ polar cell growth
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell growth in one dimension
+ polarized cell growth
+ The process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis.
+ cell growth along one axis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type cell wall modification
+
+
+ cell wall modification (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall modification
+ The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly. As in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type cell wall loosening
+
+ cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall loosening
+ The series of events causing chemical and structural alterations of an existing cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall that results in greater extensibility of the wall. As in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
+ cell wall loosening (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall modification during ripening
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events that occur during ripening that result in chemical or structural alterations of existing cell walls.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall modification during abscission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events that occur during abscission that result in chemical and structural alterations of existing cell walls.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type cell wall modification during multidimensional cell growth
+
+
+ cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall modification during multidimensional cell growth
+ cell wall modification during multidimensional cell growth (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cell wall modification during cell expansion (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ The series of events that occur during cell growth that result in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls of the type composed chiefly of cellulose and pectin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type cell wall biogenesis
+
+ cell wall biosynthetic process (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ biological_process
+ cell wall assembly (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cell wall synthesis (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cell wall anabolism (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cell wall formation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall biogenesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary cell wall biogenesis
+
+ primary cell wall anabolism (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ primary cell wall formation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose and pectin-containing cell walls that form adjacent to the middle lamella following cell division and during cell expansion.
+ primary cell wall biosynthetic process (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cellulose and pectin-containing primary cell wall biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ plant-type primary cell wall biogenesis
+ primary cell wall synthesis (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary cell wall biogenesis
+
+ cellulose and pectin-containing secondary cell wall biogenesis
+ secondary cell wall biosynthetic process (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ biological_process
+ plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis
+ secondary cell wall synthesis (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inextensible cellulose and pectin-containing cell walls that are formed between the plasma membrane and primary cell wall after cell expansion is complete.
+ secondary cell wall anabolism (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ secondary cell wall formation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ripening
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events causing changes in one or more characteristics of a fruit (color, aroma, flavor, texture, hardness, cell wall structure) to make it more attractive to animals and/or aid in seed dispersal.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Ripening
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ripening, climacteric
+
+ A ripening process that involves a burst of respiration and ethylene (ethene) evolution at the onset.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ripening, non-climacteric
+
+ biological_process
+ A ripening process that does not involve a respiratory burst.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abscission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Abscission
+ The controlled shedding of a body part.
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplastic endopeptidase Clp complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the chloroplast.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial endopeptidase Clp complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the mitochondrion.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanelle
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Plastid type found in Glaucophyta having unstacked thylakoid membranes bearing phycobilisomes; cyanelles are bound by a double membrane and a peptidoglycan layer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanelle thylakoid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thylakoid (sensu Glaucocystophyceae)
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A thylakoid found in a cyanelle, a type of plastid found in certain algae; contains a photosynthetic membrane resembling that of cyanobacteria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seed germination
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Germination
+ The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a seed commencing with water uptake (imbibition) and terminating with the elongation of the embryonic axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen germination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a heterosporous plant pollen grain, beginning with hydration and terminating with the emergence of the pollen tube through the aperture.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore germination
+
+ biological_process
+ The physiological and developmental changes that occur in a spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth (e.g. emergence from a spore wall).
+ gosubset_prok
+ spore germination (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process via tryptophan
+
+
+ indoleacetic acid anabolism via tryptophan
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ indoleacetic acid formation via tryptophan
+ indoleacetic acid synthesis via tryptophan
+ IAA biosynthetic process via tryptophan
+ MetaCyc:PWY-581
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole-3-acetic acid that occurs through metabolism of L-tryptophan.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process
+
+ biological_process
+ tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid biosynthesis
+ tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid formation
+ tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid anabolism
+ indoleacetic acid biosynthetic process, tryptophan-independent
+ MetaCyc:PWY-581
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indoleacetic acid, independent of tryptophan.
+ tryptophan-independent indoleacetic acid synthesis
+ tryptophan-independent IAA biosynthetic process
+ indoleacetic acid biosynthesis, tryptophan-independent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auxin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
+ biological_process
+ auxin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auxin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ auxin synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ auxin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ auxin anabolism
+ auxin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auxin catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of auxins, a group of plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
+ auxin degradation
+ auxin catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ auxin breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photorespiration
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved. The substrate is glycolate formed in large quantities in chloroplasts from 2-phosphoglycolate generated from ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by the action of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; the glycolate enters the peroxisomes where it is converted by glycolate oxidase to glyoxylate which undergoes transamination to glycine. This then passes into the mitochondria where it is decarboxylated forming one molecule of serine for every two molecules of glycine. This pathway also exists in photosynthetic bacteria.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-181
+ Wikipedia:Photorespiration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxidative photosynthetic carbon pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The reactions of the C2 pathway bring about the metabolic conversion of two molecules of 2-phosphoglycolate to one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate, which can be used by the C3 cycle, and one molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of bilateral symmetry
+
+ biological_process
+ The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to a single longitudinal plane. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollination
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Pollination
+ goslim_plant
+ The cascade of biological processes occurring in plants beginning when the pollen lands on the stigma and continuing up to, but not including, fertilization, as defined by sperm-central cell fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen hydration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which water is taken up by pollen.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen tube growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Growth of pollen via tip extension of the intine wall.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
+
+
+ The jasmonic acid and ethylene (ethene) dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.
+ biological_process
+ jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
+ jasmonic acid and ethene-dependent systemic resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signalling pathway
+ salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway (systemic acquired resistance)
+ The series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid involved in systemic acquired resistance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ salicylic acid mediated signalling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by salicylic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induced systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induced systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway (induced systemic resistance)
+ The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in induced systemic resistance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen tube adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the pollen tube adheres to cells of the stigma and style.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induced systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethene mediated signaling pathway (induced systemic resistance)
+ ethylene mediated signaling pathway (induced systemic resistance)
+ biological_process
+ induced systemic resistance, ethene mediated signaling pathway
+ induced systemic resistance, ethene mediated signalling pathway
+ induced systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in induced systemic resistance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid.
+ jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ jasmonic acid and ethene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway (jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance)
+ jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals mediated by jasmonic acid involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (ethene) dependent systemic resistance.
+ jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway (jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance)
+ jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway
+ jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway
+ jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, jasmonic acid mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependent
+
+
+ defence response signalling pathway, resistance gene-dependent
+ defence response signaling pathway, resistance gene-dependent
+ A series of molecular signals that depends upon R-genes and is activated during defense response.
+ biological_process
+ defense response signalling pathway, resistance gene-dependent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ jasmonic acid and ethene-dependent systemic resistance, ethene mediated signaling pathway
+ jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance, ethene mediated signaling pathway
+ jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signaling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene) involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene dependent systemic resistance.
+ jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance, ethylene mediated signalling pathway
+ jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance, ethene mediated signalling pathway
+ ethylene mediated signaling pathway (jasmonic acid/ethylene-dependent systemic resistance)
+ ethene mediated signaling pathway (jasmonic acid/ethene-dependent systemic resistance)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethylene mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ethene mediated signalling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by ethylene (ethene).
+ ethene mediated signaling pathway
+ ethylene mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen-pistil interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_plant
+ The interaction between a pollen grain and pistil.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which pollen deposited on the stigma adheres to cells of the stigma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nodulation
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on plant roots.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nodule morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the nodule are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of radial symmetry
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The establishment of an organism's body plan or a part of an organism such that it is symmetric around a central axis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic pattern specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral/lateral system
+ embryonic pattern biosynthesis
+ The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo.
+ biological_process
+ embryonic pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ post-embryonic morphogenesis of an anatomical structure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organ morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histogenesis and organogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Morphogenesis of an organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tissue development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histogenesis and organogenesis
+ histogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Histogenesis
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of anabolism
+ regulation of synthesis
+ regulation of biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
+ regulation of formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of formation
+ negative regulation of biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation of biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
+ negative regulation of anabolism
+ inhibition of biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of biosynthesis
+ stimulation of biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of biosynthetic process
+ activation of biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of anabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances.
+ positive regulation of synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of formation
+ up regulation of biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of metabolic process
+ negative regulation of metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
+ down regulation of metabolic process
+ down-regulation of metabolic process
+ downregulation of metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of metabolism
+ activation of metabolic process
+ stimulation of metabolic process
+ up-regulation of metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
+ up regulation of metabolic process
+ upregulation of metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of breakdown
+ biological_process
+ regulation of degradation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
+ regulation of catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of breakdown
+ downregulation of catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of catabolic process
+ down-regulation of catabolic process
+ negative regulation of catabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
+ negative regulation of degradation
+ down regulation of catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of catabolic process
+ up regulation of catabolic process
+ positive regulation of breakdown
+ stimulation of catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of catabolic process
+ upregulation of catabolic process
+ positive regulation of degradation
+ positive regulation of catabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ external side of plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The side of the plasma membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the cytoplasm.
+ juxtamembrane
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ outer surface of cytoplasmic membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ internal side of plasma membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ The side of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
+ gosubset_prok
+ juxtamembrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dehiscence
+
+ Wikipedia:Dehiscence_(botany)
+ biological_process
+ The opening of an anther, fruit or other structure, which permits the escape of reproductive bodies contained within it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anther dehiscence
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The dehiscence of an anther to release the pollen grains contained within it.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast relocation
+
+
+ chloroplast movement
+ biological_process
+ The process by which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells migrate toward illuminated sites to optimize photosynthesis and move away from excessively illuminated areas to protect the photosynthetic machinery.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast avoidance movement
+
+ The relocation process by which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells avoid strong light and move away from it in order to preserve the photosynthetic machinery.
+ biological_process
+ high-fluence-rate response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast accumulation movement
+
+ The relocation process by which chloroplasts in photosynthetic cells move toward a brighter area in a cell to optimize photosynthesis.
+ low-fluence-rate response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to photoperiod, blue light
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a blue light photoperiod stimulus. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to photoperiod, red light
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light photoperiod stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flower development
+
+
+ GO:0048409
+ goslim_plant
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the flower over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The flower is the reproductive structure in a plant, and its development begins with the transition of the vegetative or inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of flower development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of flower development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of flower development
+ downregulation of flower development
+ inhibition of flower development
+ down-regulation of flower development
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of flower development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of flower development
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of flower development
+ up regulation of flower development
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of flower development.
+ upregulation of flower development
+ activation of flower development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory receptor cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the cellular identity of auditory hair cells is acquired and determined.
+ auditory hair cell fate commitment
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0043355
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis.
+ biological_process
+ epidermal cell differentiation (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hormone transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ The directed movement of hormones into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phloem loading
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of loading sucrose into the sieve tube or companion cell of the phloem for long distance transport from source to sink.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell plate formation involved in plant-type cell wall biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell plate formation involved in cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall biogenesis
+ cell plate formation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby the cell plate is formed at the equator of the spindle in the dividing cells during early telophase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auxin efflux carrier complex
+
+
+ The protein complex associated with the plasma membrane of certain plant cells (e.g. root cortex, epidermal cells) that functions to transport auxin out of the cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid elongase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A tetrameric complex of four different subunits which catalyzes the elongation of fatty acids chains 2 carbon units at a time in the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basal plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The region of the plasma membrane located at the basal end of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auxin polar transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The unidirectional movement of auxin in the stem from tip to base along the vector of gravity or basipetally.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ longitudinal side of cell surface
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ longitudinal side of cell surface (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ The side of the cell parallel to the zygotic axis.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell tip growth
+
+ biological_process
+ Growth that occurs specifically at the tip of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristem structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristem organisation
+ meristem organization
+ biological_process
+ Organization of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of meristem organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem organization.
+ regulation of meristem organisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+ down regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.
+ negative regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signalling
+ downregulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+ upregulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+ up regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+ activation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gibberellic acid mediated signaling activity.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of gibberellic acid mediated signaling
+ positive regulation of gibberellic acid mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast envelope
+
+
+ The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ longitudinal axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the longitudinal axis. In plants, this is the axis that runs from the shoot to the root.
+ apical-basal pattern specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adaxial/abaxial axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the adaxial / abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polarity specification of adaxial/abaxial axis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the adaxial/abaxial axis. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of an axis that initiates at a point and radiates outward from the point.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proximal/distal axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).
+ proximodistal axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centrolateral axis specification
+
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the centrolateral axis. In plants, this axis is duplicated and runs from the midrib to the margin of the leaf.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior/posterior axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the anterior/posterior axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal/ventral axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal-ventral axis specification
+ biological_process
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
+ dorsoventral axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polarity specification of dorsal/ventral axis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polarity specification of dorsoventral axis
+ polarity specification of dorsal-ventral axis
+ Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the dorsal/ventral axis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior/posterior pattern formation
+
+ anterior/posterior pattern specification
+ biological_process
+ The regionalization process by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal/ventral pattern formation
+
+ The regionalization process by which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
+ dorsal-ventral pattern formation
+ dorsal/ventral pattern specification
+ biological_process
+ dorsoventral pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proximal/distal pattern formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The regionalization process by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end).
+ proximal/distal pattern specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adaxial/abaxial pattern formation
+
+ The regionalization process by which differences in cell differentiation along the adaxial/abaxial are generated. Adaxial refers to being situated toward an axis of an anatomical structure. Abaxial refers to being situated away from an axis of an anatomical structure.
+ adaxial/abaxial pattern specification
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial pattern formation
+
+ radial pattern specification
+ The regionalization process that results in defined areas around a point in which specific types of cell differentiation will occur.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an epidermal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ GO:0043356
+ epidermal cell fate specification (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive gravitropism
+
+ biological_process
+ The orientation of plant parts towards gravity.
+ root gravitropism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative gravitropism
+
+ biological_process
+ shoot gravitropism
+ The orientation of plant parts away from gravity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosperm development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endosperm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endosperm is formed during fertilization and provides nutrients to the developing embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.
+ regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis
+ regulation of flavonoid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of flavonoid anabolism
+ regulation of flavonoid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.
+ positive regulation of flavonoid synthesis
+ positive regulation of flavonoid anabolism
+ up regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of flavonoid formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of flavonoid synthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonoids.
+ negative regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis
+ downregulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of flavonoid formation
+ down regulation of flavonoid biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of flavonoid anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leaf morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the leaf are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of signal transduction
+ Reactome:110518
+ up-regulation of signal transduction
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of signal transduction
+ activation of signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
+ up regulation of signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of signal transduction
+ down-regulation of signal transduction
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
+ inhibition of signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:110485
+ down regulation of signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xyloglucan biosynthetic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ xyloglucan biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ xyloglucan synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of 1->4-beta-D glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-1->6 residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.
+ xyloglucan anabolism
+ xyloglucan formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to sulfate starvation
+
+ cellular response to sulphate starvation
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anastral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiotic spindle assembly (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the anastral spindle in male meiotic cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytidine deamination
+
+ The removal of amino group in the presence of water.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell surface
+
+ GO:0009928
+ GO:0009929
+ goslim_goa
+ cell bound
+ The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell associated
+ goslim_pir
+ cell surface (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are attached to the plasma membrane or cell wall.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular process
+
+ GO:0050875
+ cell physiology
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular physiological process
+ biological_process
+ GO:0008151
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_goa
+ cell growth and/or maintenance
+ goslim_plant
+ Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell recognition
+
+ biological_process
+ Cell recognition between cells, usually involving the formation of specialized cell junctions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-matrix recognition
+
+ Cell recognition that involves the interaction of the cell with the extracellular matrix.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contact guidance
+
+ biological_process
+ Cell recognition involving the deposition of specific pathways in the extracellular matrix that guide migrating cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to extracellular stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular water homeostasis
+
+
+
+ cellular osmoregulation
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of water within a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized immature germ cell acquires the specialized features of a mature female gamete.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ soluble molecule recognition
+
+ biological_process
+ The recognition of soluble molecules in the environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of cell fate specification
+ inhibition of cell fate specification
+ down regulation of cell fate specification
+ Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a specific cell fate.
+ suppression of cell fate
+ down-regulation of cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0042687
+ suppression of cardioblast cell fate
+ down regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
+ downregulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
+ inhibition of cardioblast cell fate specification
+ Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a cardioblast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression of retinal cone cell fate
+ biological_process
+ suppression of retina cone cell fate
+ Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a retinal cone cell.
+ down regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification
+ downregulation of retinal cone cell fate specification
+ down-regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification
+ inhibition of retinal cone cell fate specification
+ negative regulation of retina cone cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of auditory receptor cell fate specification
+ downregulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification
+ Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an auditory hair cell.
+ suppression of auditory receptor cell fate
+ down regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification
+ down-regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification
+ negative regulation of auditory hair cell fate specification
+ suppression of hair cell fate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroglia differentiation
+ biological_process
+ glial cell differentiation (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+ glia cell differentiation
+ GO:0043360
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.
+ GO:0007404
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardioblast differentiation
+
+ cardioblast cell differentiation
+ cardiomyocyte generation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gastrulation involving germ band extension
+
+ biological_process
+ gastrulation (sensu Insecta)
+ A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements, including germ band extension, that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical microtubule, transverse to long axis
+
+ cellular_component
+ cortical microtubule (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell (and root in plants). In plants it influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Toc complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Protein translocon complex at the chloroplast outer membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnesium chelatase complex
+
+
+ A heterotrimeric enzyme complex composed of three subunits, all of which are required for enzyme activity, which catalyzes the chelation of Mg by proto IX in an ATP-dependent manner.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosome membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ external side of endosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The external (cytoplasmic face) of an endosome membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristem initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Initiation of a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation, thereby effecting growth and development of a plant by giving rise to more meristem or specialized tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of roots are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The root is the usually underground part of a seed plant body that originates from the hypocotyl, functions as an organ of absorption, aeration, and food storage or as a means of anchorage and support.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shoot morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the shoot are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The shoot is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ red or far red light signaling pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ red or far red light signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing by photoreceptor molecules of red light or far red light. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
+ red/far red light signaling pathway
+ phytochrome signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ far red light signaling pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of far red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
+ far red light signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast-nucleus signaling pathway
+
+ The process by which a molecular signal is transduced between the chloroplast and nucleus, such that expression of nuclear encoding photosynthetic proteins is coupled with chloroplast biogenesis.
+ biological_process
+ chloroplast-nucleus signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast fission
+
+
+ chloroplast division
+ The division of a chloroplast within a cell to form two or more separate chloroplast compartments. This division occurs independently of mitosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amylopectin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amylopectin synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amylopectin, the (1,4) linked alpha glucose units with alpha-(1,6) linkages.
+ amylopectin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ amylopectin formation
+ amylopectin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristem determinacy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process
+
+ proanthocyanidin anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proanthocyanidin.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-641
+ proanthocyanidin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ proanthocyanidin synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ proanthocyanidin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytochromobilin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ phytochromobilin formation
+ phytochromobilin biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochromobilin, which involves the oxidative cleavage of heme by a heme oxygenase(HO) to form biliverdin IX alpha.
+ phytochromobilin anabolism
+ phytochromobilin synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wax biosynthetic process
+
+
+ wax anabolism
+ biological_process
+ wax synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wax, which includes C16 and C18 fatty acids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-282
+ wax biosynthesis
+ wax formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichome differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048271
+ trichome cell differentiation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized epidermal cell acquires the specialized features of a trichome cell.
+ trichome differentiation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thylakoid membrane organization
+
+ thylakoid membrane organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the thylakoid membrane.
+ thylakoid membrane organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ See also the cellular component term 'thylakoid membrane ; GO:0042651'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthophyll cycle
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1141
+ A cyclic series of interconversions involving three xanthophylls, violoxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin. The xanthophyll cycle is involved in regulating energy dissipation in light harvesting complex II.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Xanthophyll
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of seed germination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of seed germination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of seed germination
+ up regulation of seed germination
+ Any process that activates or increase the rate of seed germination.
+ up-regulation of seed germination
+ activation of seed germination
+ upregulation of seed germination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circumnutation
+
+ biological_process
+ The organismal movement by which the tip of a plant organ follows a spiral pattern as a consequence of growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic chromosome condensation
+
+ biological_process
+ Compaction of chromatin structure prior to meiosis in eukaryotic cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to organic substance
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to acetate
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an acetate stimulus.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to inorganic substance
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to boron
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a boron stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to carbon dioxide
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to metal ion
+
+ response to heavy metal
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a metal ion stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ heavy metal sensitivity/resistance
+ gosubset_prok
+ response to metal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to iron ion
+
+ response to iron
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to iron(II) ion
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.
+ response to iron(II)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to iron(III) ion
+
+ response to iron(III)
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(III) ion stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to manganese ion
+
+ response to manganese
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to zinc ion
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ response to zinc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to aluminum ion
+
+ response to aluminium ion
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an aluminum ion stimulus.
+ response to aluminum
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to nickel ion
+
+ response to nickel
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nickel ion stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to mycotoxin
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mycotoxin stimulus. A mycotoxin are a toxic chemical substance produced by fungi.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fruit dehiscence
+
+ biological_process
+ The process leading to the spontaneous opening of the fruit permitting the escape of seeds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vernalization response
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of thermal induction in plants in which flowering is promoted by exposure to low temperatures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acquisition of reproductive competence
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a plant acquires the ability to respond to a floral inductive signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vegetative phase change
+
+ Any process involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylem and phloem pattern formation
+
+ biological_process
+ vascular tissue pattern formation (sensu Tracheophyta)
+ The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterning of the conducting tissues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guard cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a guard mother cell acquires the specialized features of a guard cell.
+ stomatal cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root epidermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell in the root epidermis acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast or atrichoblast.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichoblast differentiation
+
+ trichoblast cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a trichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will give rise to a root hair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrichoblast differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an atrichoblast, a root epidermal cell that will not give rise to a root hair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrichoblast fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process involved in the specification of an atrichoblast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichoblast fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process involved in the specification of a trichoblast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of atrichoblast fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates atrichoblast fate specification.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of atrichoblast fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of atrichoblast fate
+ upregulation of atrichoblast fate
+ Any process that induces or promotes atrichoblast fate specification.
+ up regulation of atrichoblast fate
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of atrichoblast fate
+ activation of atrichoblast fate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of atrichoblast fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that suppresses atrichoblast fate specification.
+ down regulation of atrichoblast fate
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of atrichoblast fate
+ down-regulation of atrichoblast fate
+ inhibition of atrichoblast fate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of trichoblast fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates trichoblast fate specification.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of trichoblast fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that suppresses trichoblast fate specification.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of trichoblast fate
+ down regulation of trichoblast fate
+ inhibition of trichoblast fate
+ downregulation of trichoblast fate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of trichoblast fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of trichoblast fate
+ stimulation of trichoblast fate
+ activation of trichoblast fate
+ upregulation of trichoblast fate
+ up-regulation of trichoblast fate
+ biological_process
+ Any process that induces or promotes trichoblast fate specification.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic shoot morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of embryonic shoot are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary meristem tissue development
+
+ primary meristem histogenesis
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of primary meristem over time, from formation to the mature structure, as it occurs during plant embryogenesis. The primary meristem tissue is the protoderm, ground meristem and procambium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ground meristem histogenesis
+
+ The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the ground tissues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ procambium histogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the primary vascular tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protoderm histogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of the primary meristem or meristematic tissue that gives rise to the epidermis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zygote asymmetric cytokinesis in the embryo sac
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The division of the zygote in a plane perpendicular to the long axis of the embryo sac to produce a larger basal cell near the micropyle and a small terminal cell close to what was the central cell and is now the developing endosperm.
+ biological_process
+ zygote asymmetric cytokinesis (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zygote asymmetric cell division
+
+ biological_process
+ The division of the zygote into two daughter cells that will adopt developmentally distinct potentials.
+ zygote asymmetric cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root meristem specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The specification of a meristem which will give rise to a primary or lateral root.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary shoot apical meristem specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The specification of the meristem which will give rise to all post-embryonic above-ground structures of the plant as well as the non-root below-ground structures, such as rhizomes and tubers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristem maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process involved in maintaining the identity, size and shape of a meristem.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of meristem identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristem cell maintenance
+ biological_process
+ GO:0032503
+ The process by which an organism retains a population of meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
+ maintenance of meristem cell identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of meristem growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of meristem size
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a meristem.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of floral meristem identity
+
+ The process by which an organism retains a population of floral meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of inflorescence meristem identity
+
+ The process by which an organism retains a population of inflorescence meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of root meristem identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which an organism retains a population of root meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of vegetative meristem identity
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism retains a population of vegetative meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of floral meristem growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of floral meristem size
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a floral meristem.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of inflorescence meristem growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of inflorescence meristem size
+ Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of an inflorescence meristem.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of root meristem growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a root meristem.
+ regulation of root meristem size
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vegetative meristem growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of vegetative meristem size
+ Any process involved in maintaining the size and shape of a vegetative meristem.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of organ axis polarity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the polarity of an organ axis is specified.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polarity specification of proximal/distal axis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process resulting in the establishment of polarity along the proximal/distal axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic root morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic root are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phloem or xylem histogenesis
+
+ vascular tissue development (sensu Tracheophyta)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of phloem and/or xylem over time, from formation to the mature structure.
+ phloem or xylem development
+ vascular tissue histogenesis (sensu Tracheophyta)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phloem histogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of the principal food-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylem histogenesis
+
+ The formation of the principal water-conducting tissue of a vascular plant.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichome morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichome morphogenesis (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ trichome cell morphogenesis during differentiation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ The process by which the structures of a hair cell (trichome) cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized epidermal cell is acquiring the specialized features of a hair cell.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048272
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichome branching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048274
+ biological_process
+ trichome branching (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ Any process involved in the formation of branches in plant hair cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of organ identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regionalization process by which the identity of an organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of floral organ identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the identity of a floral organ primordium is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of carpel identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a floral organ primordium acquires the carpel identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of petal identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a floral organ primordium acquires petal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of sepal identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a floral organ primordium acquires sepal identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of stamen identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a floral organ primordium acquires stamen or staminode identity. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suspensor development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the suspensor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The suspensor is the extension at the base of the embryo that anchors the embryo in the embryo sac and pushes it into the endosperm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of photomorphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of photomorphogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of photomorphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of photomorphogenesis
+ downregulation of photomorphogenesis
+ down regulation of photomorphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, reduces or prevents photomorphogenesis.
+ inhibition of photomorphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic root morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic root are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The post-embryonic root is the root formed after the embryonic phase has been completed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral root morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of lateral root are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stomatal complex morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the stomatal complex are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ethene mediated signalling pathway
+ regulation of ethylene mediated signalling pathway
+ regulation of ethene mediated signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene (ethene) mediated signaling.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ethylene mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of ethene mediated signaling pathway
+ down-regulation of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
+ inhibition of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
+ down regulation of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of ethene mediated signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops or prevents ethylene (ethene) mediated signaling.
+ downregulation of ethylene mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to iron ion starvation
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of iron ions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ potassium ion import
+
+ The directed movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle.
+ potassium ion uptake
+ potassium import
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of glutamine
+
+ The series of events in which a glutamine stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ glutamine detection
+ biological_process
+ glutamine perception
+ glutamine sensing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of photosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of photosynthesis, dark reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photosynthesis dark reaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyoxysome organization
+
+ glyoxysome organization and biogenesis
+ glyoxysome organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the glyoxysome. A glyoxysome is a microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of systemic acquired resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of systemic acquired resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of systemic acquired resistance
+ down-regulation of systemic acquired resistance
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance.
+ downregulation of systemic acquired resistance
+ inhibition of systemic acquired resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to red light
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
+ response to red light stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.
+ regulation of abscisic acid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis
+ regulation of abscisic acid anabolism
+ regulation of abscisic acid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of abscisic acid.
+ positive regulation of abscisic acid anabolism
+ positive regulation of abscisic acid synthesis
+ positive regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of abscisic acid formation
+ up regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
+ activation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoprotection
+
+ biological_process
+ Protection mechanism used by plants under conditions of excess energy absorption as a consequence of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stomatal movement
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The process of opening or closing of stomata, which is directly related to the stomatal conductance (measuring rate of passage of either water vapor or carbon dioxide (CO2) through stomata).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of stomatal movement
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of stomatal movement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ camalexin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:CAMALEXIN-SYN
+ camalexin anabolism
+ camalexin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.
+ camalexin synthesis
+ camalexin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine catabolic process to proline via ornithine
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline, via ornithine.
+ arginine breakdown to proline via ornithine
+ arginine degradation to proline via ornithine
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:ARGORNPROST-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine catabolic process to alanine via ornithine
+
+ arginine breakdown to alanine via ornithine
+ arginine degradation to alanine via ornithine
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:ARGORNPROST-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including alanine, via ornithine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetate catabolic process to butyrate, ethanol, acetone and butanol
+
+ MetaCyc:CENTFERM-PWY
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate to form butyrate, ethanol, acetone and butanol.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ acetate fermentation to butyrate, ethanol, acetone and butanol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylacetate catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylacetate.
+ phenylacetate degradation
+ phenylacetate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ phenylacetate breakdown
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-321
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mycothiol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY1G-0
+ gosubset_prok
+ mycothiol formation
+ mycothiol biosynthesis
+ mycothiol synthesis
+ mycothiol anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mycothiol metabolic process
+
+
+ mycothiol metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mycothiol, which consists of N-acetyl-L-cysteine linked to a pseudodisaccharide, D-glucosamine and myo-inositol. Mycothiol is produced in actinomycetes like mycobacteria and serves similar functions to glutathione.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mycothiol-dependent detoxification
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY1G-170
+ MetaCyc:PWY1G-1
+ mycothiol-dependent detoxification of alkylating agent
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions using mycothiol to convert an alkylating agent to an S-conjugate of mycothiol. The latter is cleaved to release mercapturic acid which is excreted from the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ benzoate catabolic process via CoA ligation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ anaerobic benzoate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its ligation to Coenzyme A to form benzoyl-CoA, which is then broken by an aerobic or anaerobic pathway.
+ anaerobic benzoate catabolism
+ anaerobic benzoate catabolic process
+ anaerobic benzoate breakdown
+ MetaCyc:PWY-283
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-301
+ anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate catabolism
+ anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a alicyclic acid, in the absence of oxygen.
+ biological_process
+ anaerobic cyclohexane-1-carboxylate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic ethylbenzene catabolic process
+
+
+ anaerobic ethylbenzene catabolism
+ anaerobic ethylbenzene breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylbenzene, a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, which occurs in the absence of oxygen.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ anaerobic ethylbenzene degradation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-481
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sucrose catabolic process, using invertase or sucrose synthase
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-621
+ sucrose breakdown, using invertase or sucrose synthase
+ sucrose degradation, using invertase or sucrose synthase
+ sucrose catabolism, using invertase or sucrose synthase
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3801
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose by the enzymatic action of either invertase or sucrose synthase.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dhurrin biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside which functions as a plant defense compound.
+ gosubset_prok
+ dhurrin anabolism
+ dhurrin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ dhurrin synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-861
+ dhurrin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proline catabolic process to glutamate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ proline breakdown to glutamate
+ proline oxidation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including glutamate.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4561
+ GO:0019494
+ proline degradation to glutamate
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PROUT-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfate assimilation via adenylyl sulfate reduction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:SULFMETII-PWY
+ The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is activated, reduced and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the activated sulfate, adenylyl-sulfate, is reduced to sulfite by the activity of adenylyl-sulfate reductase.
+ sulphate assimilation via adenylyl sulphate reduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ureide metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ ureide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ureide, allantoin and allantoate, which are the organic forms of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ureide catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ureide, which is the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants with the release of ammonium.
+ ureide catabolism
+ biological_process
+ ureide degradation
+ MetaCyc:URDEGR-PWY
+ ureide breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ureide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ureide anabolism
+ MetaCyc:URSIN-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ureide, the organic form of nitrogen in nitrogen fixing and transporting plants, from IMP, which is synthesized de novo during nitrogen fixation by roots.
+ ureide synthesis
+ ureide biosynthesis
+ ureide formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide salvage
+
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-163
+ gosubset_prok
+ The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine ribonucleosides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine ribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide salvage
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The pathway by which pyrimidine bases or pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides from pyrimidine nucleotide breakdown are converted back to pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides. The salvage pathway is important where there is no de novo pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis.
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-181
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ farnesyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway
+ isoprenoid pathway
+ Ac-MVA pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ acetate-mevalonate pathway
+ MetaCyc:PWY-922
+ biological_process
+ farnesyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway
+ The pathway that converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates. Farnesyl diphosphate is an important substrate for other essential pathways, such as biosynthesis of sterols.
+ farnesyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cutin biosynthetic process
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-321
+ cutin biosynthesis
+ cutin synthesis
+ cutin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cutin, a waxy substance, which combined with cellulose forms a substance nearly impervious to water and constituting the cuticle in plants.
+ biological_process
+ cutin anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process from pyridoxamine
+
+
+ pyridoxal phosphate synthesis from pyridoxamine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, from pyridoxamine.
+ pyridoxal phosphate anabolism from pyridoxamine
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin B6 biosynthesis from pyridoxamine
+ biological_process
+ vitamin B6 biosynthetic process from pyridoxamine
+ pyridoxal phosphate formation from pyridoxamine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructan metabolic process
+
+ fructan metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.
+ biological_process
+ levan metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ fructan biosynthesis
+ fructan synthesis
+ fructan formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ levan biosynthesis
+ fructan anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructan a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.
+ levan biosynthetic process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-822
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructan catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-862
+ levan catabolic process
+ levan catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ fructan catabolism
+ fructan breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructan, a polysaccharide consisting of fructose residues.
+ fructan degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transpiration
+
+ Release of water by the plant into the air as water vapor mainly through leaves.
+ Wikipedia:Transpiration
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ senescence
+
+ senescence (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ Wikipedia:Senescence
+ biological_process
+ A preprogrammed process that occurs in an organism that is associated with the dismantling of an anatomical structure and an overall decline in metabolism. This may include the breakdown of organelles, membranes and other cellular components.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leaf senescence
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that occurs in a leaf near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, loss of functional chloroplasts, and an overall decline in metabolism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast elongation
+
+ biological_process
+ Expansion of the chloroplast that usually precedes division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The final stages of microgametogenesis after the trinucleate stage has been reached resulting in viable pollen grains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fruit development
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of proton transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of proton transport into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to chlorate
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chlorate stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abaxial cell fate specification
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an abaxial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of organ position
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regionalization process by which information that determines the correct position at which organ primordia are formed is generated and perceived resulting in correct positioning of the new organ.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of organ boundary
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regionalization process that specifies organ primordium boundaries resulting in a restriction of organogenesis to a limited spatial domain and keeping the organ separate from surrounding tissues.
+ organ boundary specification
+ GO:0048862
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ red light signaling pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ red light signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals initiated upon sensing of red light by a photoreceptor molecule. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seed dormancy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a dormant state is induced, maintained and broken in a seed. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated.
+ Wikipedia:Seed
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high-affinity potassium ion import
+
+
+ high-affinity potassium ion uptake
+ biological_process
+ high affinity potassium ion uptake
+ high affinity potassium ion import
+ The directed, energized, high affinity movement of potassium ions into a cell or organelle, driven by cation symport with hydrogen or sodium ions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cesium
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cesium stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to X-ray
+
+ response to X-ray radiation stimulus
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wax metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving wax, a compound containing C16 and C18 fatty acids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ wax metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to nitrate
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER body
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum body
+ A novel compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thioglucosidase complex
+
+
+ A large (200-800 kDa) multiprotein complex formed by 70-kDa and 5-kDa myrosinases, myrosinase- binding proteins (MBPs), MBP-related proteins and myrosinase-associated proteins. The complex has been identified in Brassica napus seeds.
+ cellular_component
+ myrosinase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Complex that catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate from glucose-1-phosphate and ATP. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed of two types of subunits (small and large). In bacteria, the enzyme complex is composed of four identical subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ body morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the soma are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic body morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic soma are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sugar mediated signaling
+
+ biological_process
+ sugar mediated signalling
+ The process by which a change in the level of a mono- or disaccharide such as glucose, fructose or sucrose triggers the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen tube guidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the growth of pollen tube is directed towards the female gametophyte.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinin transport
+
+ The directed movement of cytokinins, a class of adenine-derived compounds that can function in plants as growth regulators, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular defence response
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of cellular defense response
+ stimulation of cellular defense response
+ upregulation of cellular defense response
+ positive regulation of cellular defence response
+ up regulation of cellular defense response
+ activation of cellular defense response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular defense response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of seed germination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of seed germination
+ downregulation of seed germination
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of seed germination.
+ down-regulation of seed germination
+ down regulation of seed germination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to microbial phytotoxin
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a microbial phytotoxin stimulus. A microbial phytotoxin is a chemical substance produced by microbes which is toxic to plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin E biosynthetic process
+
+
+ alpha-tocopherol biosynthetic process
+ vitamin E biosynthesis
+ alpha-tocopherol biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.
+ vitamin E formation
+ vitamin E synthesis
+ tocopherol biosynthesis
+ tocopherol biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin E anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1422
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytochrome b6f complex assembly
+
+ cytochrome b6f complex biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Formation of cytochrome b6f complex, a complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucilage metabolic process
+
+ mucilage metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucilage biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ mucilage synthesis
+ mucilage anabolism
+ mucilage formation
+ mucilage biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage, a gelatinous substance secreted by plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to ozone
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ozone stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nonphotochemical quenching
+
+ biological_process
+ The process to maintain the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize generation of oxidizing molecules, thereby protecting the plant against photo-oxidative damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polar nucleus fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The merging of the polar nuclei, the two nuclei contained within the same cell that are created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction. Polar nuclear fusion takes place in the ovule, forming in the fusion nucleus and giving rise to the endosperm when fertilized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synergid death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Synergid cells undergo degeneration and death in response to penetration by the pollen tube. It is an active process that involves a dramatic decrease in cell volume, collapse of the vacuoles, and complete disintegration of the plasma membrane and most organelles.
+ biological_process
+ synergid cell death
+ synergid degeneration
+ GO:0048470
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organ boundary specification between lateral organs and the meristem
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which boundaries between lateral organs and the meristem is established and maintained.
+ organ boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to chitin
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chitin stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a continuous far red light stimulus by the high-irradiance response system. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. The activity of the high-irradiance response system is characterized by stronger effects of continuous than pulsed light at equal total fluence.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to low fluence red light stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing a light level of 0.001-0.1 mmol/m2/sec.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to very low fluence red light stimulus
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low fluence red light stimulus. Red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength of 580-700nm. Very low fluence red light is defined in this case as short pulses of red light followed by darkness, providing light levels of less than 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independent
+
+
+ biological_process
+ defence response signalling pathway, resistance gene-independent
+ A series of molecular signals that is activated during defense response and does not depend upon R-genes.
+ defence response signaling pathway, resistance gene-independent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoinhibition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The mechanism by which high light intensity inhibits photosynthesis through inactivation of the D1 protein of photosystem II.
+ Wikipedia:Photoinhibition
+ biological_process
+ photosystem II inhibition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem II repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Proteolysis of the damaged D1 protein and re-assembly of a new D1 subunit in the Photosystem II following photoinhibition.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem II assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem II complex on thylakoid membrane. In plants, the photosystem II complex consists of over 20 polypeptides encoded by either nuclear or chloroplast genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen wall assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen wall formation
+ The formation of reticulate pollen wall pattern consisting of two layers, exine and intine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to ionizing radiation
+
+ response to ionising radiation
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.
+ biological_process
+ response to ionizing radiation stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-photoreactive DNA repair
+
+ Process involved in repairing UV-induced DNA damage under non-photoreactivating conditions. The mechanism by which this repair process operates has not yet been completely elucidated.
+ gosubset_prok
+ light-independent DNA repair
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seed coat development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed coat over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellulose microfibril organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils during plant cell wall biosynthesis.
+ biological_process
+ cellulose microfibril organisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of DNA methylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in maintaining the methylation state of a nucleotide sequence.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular aluminum ion homeostasis
+
+
+ cellular aluminium ion homeostasis
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of aluminum ions at the level of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to far red light
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of far red light stimulus. Far red light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 700-800nm. An example of this response is seen at the beginning of many plant species developmental stages. These include germination, and the point when cotyledon expansion is triggered. In certain species these processes take place in response to absorption of red light by the pigment molecule phytochrome, but the signal can be reversed by exposure to far red light. During the initial phase the phytochrome molecule is only present in the red light absorbing form, but on absorption of red light it changes to a far red light absorbing form, triggering progress through development. An immediate short period of exposure to far red light entirely returns the pigment to its initial state and prevents triggering of the developmental process. A thirty minute break between red and subsequent far red light exposure renders the red light effect irreversible, and development then occurs regardless of whether far red light exposure subsequently occurs.
+ response to far red light stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vernalization response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of vernalization response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of vernalization response
+ up-regulation of vernalization response
+ stimulation of vernalization response
+ activation of vernalization response
+ upregulation of vernalization response
+ Any process that activates or induces the rate of the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of vernalization response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of vernalization response
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the vernalization response, by which induction of flowering is normally caused by extended exposure to cold temperatures.
+ down regulation of vernalization response
+ inhibition of vernalization response
+ downregulation of vernalization response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stem vascular tissue pattern formation
+
+ biological_process
+ Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the stem of vascular plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary shoot formation
+
+ The process that gives rise to secondary (or auxiliary or axillary) shoots in plants. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. These secondary shoots originate from secondary meristems initiated in the axils of leaf primordia. Axillary meristems function like the shoot apical meristem of the primary shoot initating the development of lateral organs.
+ biological_process
+ axillary shoot formation
+ auxiliary shoot formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to UV-B
+
+ response to UV-B radiation stimulus
+ response to UVB light stimulus
+ biological_process
+ response to UV-B light stimulus
+ response to medium wave ultraviolet light stimulus
+ response to medium wave ultraviolet radiation stimulus
+ response to UVB radiation stimulus
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 290 to 320 nm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to UV-C
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-C radiation stimulus. UV-C radiation (UV-C light) spans the wavelengths 100 to 290 nm.
+ response to UV-C radiation stimulus
+ response to germicidal ultraviolet light stimulus
+ response to UVC radiation stimulus
+ response to UVC light stimulus
+ response to shortwave ultraviolet light stimulus
+ response to shortwave ultraviolet radiation stimulus
+ biological_process
+ response to UV-C light stimulus
+ response to germicidal ultraviolet radiation stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to lithium ion
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floral organ abscission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The controlled shedding of floral organs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vegetative to reproductive phase transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flowering
+ biological_process
+ The process involved in transforming a meristem that produces vegetative structures, such as leaves, into a meristem that produces reproductive structures, such as a flower or an inflorescence.
+ transition from vegetative to reproductive phase
+ floral evocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inflorescence development
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inflorescence over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alternative respiration
+
+ biological_process
+ Alternative respiration pathway consumes oxygen, oxidizes NADH to NAD+ and generates water. During electron flow, proton motive force is diminished resulting in fewer molecules of ATP compared to cytochrome pathway. The pathway is found in plants, algae and some protozoa.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of seed dormancy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a dormant state is maintained in a seed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vascular transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within a cell, either in a vascular tissue or in the vascular membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phloem transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances, into, out of or within a cell, either in a phloem tissue or in the phloem membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tapetal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a tapetal cell of anthers in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guard mother cell cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guard mother cell division
+ The stereotyped symmetric cell division by which guard mother cell give rise to stomatal guard cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastoquinone biosynthetic process
+
+ plastoquinone biosynthesis
+ plastoquinone anabolism
+ plastoquinone formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of plastoquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme present in the chloroplast.
+ plastoquinone synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1581
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to proline
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a proline stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast mRNA processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Steps involved in processing precursor RNAs arising from transcription of operons in the chloroplast genome into mature mRNAs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ dehydrogenase complex (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This complex is found in plant plastids and is distinct from the one found in mitochondria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to organic nitrogen
+
+
+ biological_process
+ response to organonitrogen compound
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic nitrogen stimulus. An organic nitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to low fluence blue light stimulus by blue low-fluence system
+
+
+ biological_process
+ response to low fluence blue light by blf system
+ response to low fluence blue light
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a low fluence blue light stimulus by the blue low-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue low-fluence system responds to blue light at or below 0.1 micromols/m2. In certain species excitation of the blue low fluence system induces the transcription of a number of nuclear and plastid coded genes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial microtubular system formation
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of radial microtubular systems during male meiotic cytokinesis in plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthetic process
+
+ rhamnogalacturonan I biosynthesis
+ rhamnogalacturonan I formation
+ rhamnogalacturonan I synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan I component of pectin, a rhamnose-rich pectic polysaccharide.
+ biological_process
+ rhamnogalacturonan I anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of phosphate ion
+
+ phosphate ion perception
+ The series of events in which a phosphate ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ phosphate ion sensing
+ biological_process
+ phosphate ion detection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient
+
+ The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auxin conjugate metabolic process
+
+ auxin conjugate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving auxin conjugates, a bound form of auxin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-methylmethionine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ S-methylmethionine synthesis
+ S-methylmethionine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-methyl-methionine (SMM) from methionine and S-adenosyl-methionine (Ado-Met), catalyzed by methionine S-methyltransferase (MMT). SMM can be reconverted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.
+ S-methylmethionine formation
+ S-methylmethionine anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auxin homeostasis
+
+ Maintenance of endogenous concentration of primary auxin equilibrium, or constant level of auxin in a biological system by a number of biochemical processes including transport, biosynthesis, catabolism and conjugation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ UDP-rhamnose anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3261
+ UDP-rhamnose synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-rhamnose biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ UDP-rhamnose formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nectary development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral nectaries over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose mediated signaling
+
+ glucose mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a change in the level of mono- and disaccharide glucose trigger the expression of genes controlling metabolic and developmental processes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endomembrane organization
+
+ endomembrane system organization
+ The assembly and arrangement of endomembrane systems.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADH dehydrogenase complex assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an NADH dehydrogenase complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NADH:plastoquinone dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in the non-photochemical reduction of plastoquinones, as well as the cyclic electron transport around photosystem I.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal aging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The inherent decline of a multicellular organism over time, from the optimal fertility and viability of early maturity, that may precede death and may be preceded by other indications, such as sterility.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organ senescence
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that occurs in an organ near the end of its active life that is associated with the dismantling of cell components and membranes, and an overall decline in metabolism.
+ organ senescence (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ biological_process
+ GO:0010261
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic embryogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ Initiation of a somatic embryo-an embryo arising from previously differentiated somatic cells, rather than from fused haploid gametes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ tricyclic triterpenoid formation
+ tricyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis
+ tricyclic triterpenoid synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with 6 isoprene units and 3 carbon rings.
+ biological_process
+ tricyclic triterpenoid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate synthesis
+ phytate biosynthetic process
+ phytate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SCF complex assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the SKP1-Cullin/Cdc53-F-box protein ubiquitin ligase (SCF) complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to vitamin B1
+
+ response to thiamin
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B1 stimulus.
+ response to thiamine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA interference, production of ta-siRNAs
+
+ biological_process
+ Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form trans-acting small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides. ta-siRNAs arise from PolII genes and function like miRNAs to guide cleavage of target mRNAs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brassinosteroid homeostasis
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of brassinosteroids within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to selenium ion
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from selenium ion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem II oxygen evolving complex assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II on thylakoid membrane. In plants, the photosystem II OEC consists of three extrinsic nuclear-encoded polypeptides: PsbO, PsbP and PsbQ; and protects the CaMn4 cluster bound to D1 and CP43 proteins.
+ OEC (PSII) ASSEMBLY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chlorophyll catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to silver ion
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silver ion stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detoxification of copper ion
+
+
+ Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of copper ion. These include transport of copper away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of copper ion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrotropism
+
+ Wikipedia:Hydrotropism
+ Growth or movement in a sessile organism toward or away from water, as of the roots of a plant.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex, which is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NAD(P)H or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.
+ biological_process
+ NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast outer membrane translocon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The protein transport machinery of the chloroplast outer membrane that contains at least three components Toc159, Toc75 and Toc34, interacts with precursor proteins which are imported into the chloroplast in a GTP dependant manner.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ senescence associated vacuole
+
+
+ A lytic vacuole that is maintained at acidic pH and has different tonoplast composition compared to the central vacuole. Found during leaf senescence and develops in the peripheral cytoplasm of cells that contain chloroplast.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heat acclimation
+
+ Any process that increases heat tolerance of an organism in response to high temperatures.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastoglobule
+
+ cellular_component
+ Plastoglobules (PG) are lipoprotein particles present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triglycerides, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to lead ion
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homogalacturonan biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectidic homogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1061
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detoxification of cobalt ion
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of cobalt ion. These include transport of cobalt away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of cobalt ion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process
+
+ LHCII catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leaf vascular tissue pattern formation
+
+ Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the leaf of vascular plants.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnogalacturonan II biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5 - 10KDa) pectic polysaccharide, conserved in the primary walls of dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous plants and gymnosperms.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral root formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to a lateral root. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detoxification of zinc ion
+
+
+ Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of zinc ion. These include transport of zinc away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of zinc ion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auxin efflux
+
+ The process involved in the transport of auxin out of the cell.
+ biological_process
+ auxin export
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex
+
+ PFK complex
+ cellular_component
+ Heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the pyrophosphate-dependent phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate into D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, alpha-subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Refers to the alpha subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.
+ cellular_component
+ PFK complex, alpha-subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase complex, beta-subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PFK complex, beta-subunit
+ cellular_component
+ Refers to the beta subunit of the heterodimeric complex that possesses pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stromule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Stromule
+ cellular_component
+ Thin filamentous structure extending from the surface of all plastid types examined so far, including chloroplast, proplastid, etioplast, leucoplast, amyloplast, and chromoplast. In general, stromules are more abundant in tissues containing non-green plastids, and in cells containing smaller plastids. The primary function of stromules is still unresolved, although the presence of stromules markedly increases the plastid surface area, potentially increasing transport to and from the cytosol. Other functions of stromules, such as transfer of macromolecules between plastids and starch granule formation in cereal endosperm, may be restricted to particular tissues and cell types.
+ Stroma-filled tubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vegetative phase change
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vegetative phase change. Vegetative phase change is the set of post-embryonic processes involved in the transition of a plant from a juvenile phase of vegetative development to an adult phase of vegetative development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
+ down regulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate produced via the methylerythritol (MEP) pathway (mevalonate-independent).
+ inhibition of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane invagination
+
+ The infolding of a membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs, such as raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and other molecules with a higher degree of galactosyl polymerization).
+ raffinose family oligosaccharide biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellulose synthase complex
+
+ The multimeric protein complex, organized in a rosette, which catalyzes the biosynthesis of cellulose for the plant cell wall.
+ cellulose synthase complex (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to gamma radiation
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
+ response to gamma ra
+ biological_process
+ response to gamma-ray photon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to non-ionic osmotic stress
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of non-ionic solutes (e.g. mannitol, sorbitol) in the environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gibberellic acid homeostasis
+
+
+ gibberrellin homeostasis
+ biological_process
+ Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of gibberellic acid; may involve transport, biosynthesis, catabolism or conjugation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of salicylic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of salicylic acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving salicylic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leaf formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to a leaf. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ external side of cell wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The side of the cell wall that is opposite to the side that faces the cell and its contents.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellularization of endosperm
+
+ biological_process
+ The separation of the multi-nucleate endosperm into individual cells. In many plant species, the endosperm that nurtures the embryo in the seed initially develops as a syncytium. This syncytial phase ends with simultaneous partitioning of the multi-nucleate cytoplasm into individual cells, a process referred to as cellularization.
+ endosperm cellularization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death
+
+ light-dependent programmed cell death
+ biological_process
+ Programmed cell death induced by singlet oxygen. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seed oilbody biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cellular process by which an seed oilbody is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. Seed oilbodies are simple organelles comprising a matrix of triglyceride surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded and covered with unique proteins called oleosins. Seed oilbodies supply the energy requirements for the growth of the seedling after germination.
+ biological_process
+ oleosome biogenesis
+ seed oil body organization
+ spherosome biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suberin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1121
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of suberin monomers and suberin polyesters. Suberin monomers are derived from fatty acids and trans-cinnamic acids. The monomers are then cross-linked with glycerols.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shoot formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to a shoot. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to magnesium starvation
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of magnesium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lithium ion transport
+
+ lithium transport
+ The directed movement of lithium ion into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lithium ion export
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of lithium ion out of a cell or organelle.
+ lithium ion efflux
+ lithium export
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to trehalose stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leaf shaping
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The developmental process that pertains to the organization of a leaf in three-dimensional space once the structure has initially formed.
+ biological_process
+ leaf structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of anion channel activity
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of anion channel activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of anion channel activity by blue light
+
+ Any process by which the blue light modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anion channel activity.
+ regulation by blue light of anion channel activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of anion channel activity by blue light
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition by blue light of anion channel activity
+ negative regulation by blue light of anion channel activity
+ Any process by which the blue light stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the anion channel activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of HR-PCD
+ biological_process
+ regulation of plant hypersensitive response
+ Any endogenous process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the plant hypersensitive response.
+ regulation of HR
+ Note that term is to be used to annotate gene products in the plant. To annotate genes in a symbiont, consider the biological process term 'modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death ; GO:0052040'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ethylene biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an ethylene biosynthetic process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular isoamylase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in animals are localized in the extracellular space.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast isoamylase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages. Isoamylases in plants are intracellular and probably chloroplast localized.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromocenter
+
+ A region in which centric, heterochromatic portions of one or more chromosomes form a compact structure.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perinucleolar chromocenter
+
+ cellular_component
+ A chromocenter adjacent to the nucleolus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.
+ regulation of gibberellic acid biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gibberellic acid biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellins.
+ negative regulation of gibberellic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stomatal complex development
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stomatal complex over time from its formation to the mature structure. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stomatal complex patterning
+
+ biological_process
+ The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of stomatal complex on the surface of a leaf. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stomatal complex formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the stomatal complex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The stomatal complex is the stomatal guard cells and their associated epidermal cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guard cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stomatal guard cell. Guard cells are located in the leaf epidermis and pairwise surround stomatal pores, which allow CO2 influx for photosynthetic carbon fixation and water loss via transpiration to the atmosphere.
+ stomatal cell fate commitment
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ temperature compensation of the circadian clock
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of the circadian clock by temperature
+ The process by which the circadian clock maintains robust and accurate timing over a broad range of physiological temperatures. The circadian clock is an endogenous 24-h timer found in most eukaryotes and in photosynthetic bacteria. The clock drives rhythms in the physiology, biochemistry, and metabolism of the organisms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phaseic acid biosynthetic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phaseic acid (PA), a catabolite of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA).
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5271
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of peroxisome to chloroplast
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a location adjacent to the chloroplast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular cell wall macromolecule metabolic process
+
+
+ cellular cell wall macromolecule metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of a cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis, occurring at the level of the cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall polysaccharide metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall polysaccharides.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall proteoglycan metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cell wall peptidoglycan, a group of glycoproteins that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.
+ biological_process
+ cell wall proteoglycan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral root primordium development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral root primordium over time, which initiates the formation to the mature structure. A lateral root primordium represents an organized group of cells derived from the root pericycle that will differentiate into a new root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signalosome assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a signalosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cullin deneddylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of cullins by removal of ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone monoubiquitination
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histones by addition of a single ubiquitin moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucomannan metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-glucose as single side-units.
+ glucomannan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactoglucomannan metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactoglucomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) decorated with a mixture of D-glucose and D-galactose side-units.
+ galactoglucomannan metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galacturonan metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ galacturonan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonan, a pectin polymer containing a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homogalacturonan metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving homogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.
+ homogalacturonan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnogalacturonan I metabolic process
+
+
+ RGI metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), a branched pectin with a backbone of alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues that carries neutral side-chains of predominantly beta-(1->4)-D-galactose and/or alpha-(1->5)-L-arabinose residues attached to the rhamnose residues of the RGI backbone.
+ rhamnogalacturonan I metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnogalacturonan II metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnogalacturonan II, a low molecular mass (5-10KDa) pectic polysaccharide. The backbone of RG-II contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.
+ biological_process
+ rhamnogalacturonan II metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apiogalacturonan metabolic process
+
+ apiogalacturonan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectic apiogalacturonan, characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted with apiose and apiobiose (D-apiofuranosyl-beta-(l->3)-D-apiose) side chains via O-2 or O-3 links.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylogalacturonan metabolic process
+
+ xylogalacturonan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylogalacturonan, a pectin characterized by a backbone of alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galacturonic acid residues substituted on C-3 with beta-D-xylopyranose residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the alternating alpha-(1->2)-linked rhamnose and alpha-(1->2)-linked B-galacturonic acid residues of the rhamnogalacturonan I backbone.
+ biological_process
+ rhamnogalacturonan I backbone metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnogalacturonan I side chain metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of the pectin, rhamnogalacturonan I.
+ rhamnogalacturonan I side chain metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pectic galactan metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactan, a polymer of D-galactosyl units that can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.
+ pectic galactan metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pectic arabinan metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ pectic arabinan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinan, a polymer with an alpha-(1->5)-linked -L-arabinofuranose (Araf) backbone that can be substituted with Araf-alpha-(1->2)-, Araf-alpha-(1->3)-, and/or Araf-alpha-(1->3)-Araf-alpha-(1->3)-side chains. Arabinan can be found as a side chain of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan I.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pectic arabinogalactan I metabolic process
+
+ pectic arabinogalactan I metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectic arabinogalactan I, an alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactopyranose backbone that is substituted with alpha-l-Araf residues via the O-3 of the D-galactose residues. Arabinogalactan I can be found as a side chain of rhamnogalacturonan I.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein that consist of a core-protein backbone O-glycosylated by one or more complex carbohydrates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
+
+ arabinogalactan protein metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein of highly varying length and domain complexity. These are O-glycosylated at one or more hydroxyproline residues by arabinogalactan (AG) type II groups, which consist of (1->3)-beta-galactan and (1->6)-beta-linked galactan chains connected to each other by (1->3,1->6)-linked branch points, O-3 and O-6 positions substituted with terminal arabinosyl residues. Also, rhamnose, fucose, glucuronic and galacturonic acid can be present in the glycan structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein, which is composed of a group of core protein containing Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly as the major amino acid constituents, and the C-terminus is GPI anchored.
+ classical-arabinogalactan protein metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-classical arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
+
+ non-classical arabinogalactan protein metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein where other amino acids besides Hyp, Ala, Ser, Thr and Gly can be present and grouped into regions, such as a Cys-rich or Asn-rich domains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cell wall arabinogalactan II glycoprotein variant which contains both an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) motif and a fasciclin domain.
+ fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extensin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving extensins, a group of 60-90 kDNA hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins whose polypeptide backbone consists of many repeats of structural Ser(Hyp)4-6 motifs, with heavily glycosylated 1-4 arabinose residues O-linked to contiguous stretches of Hyp residues, with most of the Ser residues being O-galactosylated.
+ biological_process
+ extensin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemicellulose metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemicelluloses, plant cell wall polysaccharides that have a backbone of 1,4-linked beta-D-pyranosyl residues in which O4 is in the equatorial orientation. Many different hemicelluloses usually occur intermixed with each molecular type representing different degrees of polymerization and contain many different sugar monomers, which can include glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose. Hemicelluloses also contain most of the D-pentose sugars and occasionally small amounts of L-sugars as well. Xylose is always the sugar monomer present in the largest amount, but mannuronic acid and galacturonic acid also tend to be present.
+ biological_process
+ hemicellulose metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xyloglucan metabolic process
+
+
+ xyloglucan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving xyloglucan, the cross-linking glycan composed of (1->4)-beta-D-glucan backbone substituted at regular intervals with beta-D-xylosyl-(1->6) residues, which is present in the primary cell wall of most higher plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannan metabolic process
+
+
+ mannan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannan, a group of polysaccharides containing a backbone composed of a polymer of D-mannose units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronoxylan metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ glucuronoxylan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid side units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronoarabinoxylan metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-(1->4)-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with glucuronic acid and arabinose side units.
+ glucuronoarabinoxylan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unsubstituted mannan metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the mannan backbone, the unsubstituted polymer of D-mannose units.
+ unsubstituted mannan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabinoxylan metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone decorated with arabinose side units.
+ arabinoxylan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronoxylan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ glucuronoxylan anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronoxylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone substituted with glucuronic acid residues.
+ glucuronoxylan biosynthesis
+ glucuronoxylan synthesis
+ glucuronoxylan formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnogalacturonan II backbone metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ rhamnogalacturonan II backbone metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the backbone structure of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. The back bone contains at least 8 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnogalacturonan II side chain metabolic process
+
+ rhamnogalacturonan II side chain metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the side chains of pectic rhamnogalacturonan II. A number of structurally distinct di- and oligosaccharides can be attached to the C-3 and C-2 of the backbone, respectively.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death
+
+ biological_process
+ Programmed cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. Programmed cell death is the cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA methylation on cytosine within a CG sequence
+
+ cytosine methylation within a CG sequence
+ biological_process
+ The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of a cytosine located within a CG sequence in a DNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA methylation on cytosine within a CNG sequence
+
+ cytosine methylation within a CNG sequence
+ The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within a CNG sequence in a DNA molecule. N stands for any nucleotide.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA methylation on cytosine within a CNN sequence
+
+ cytosine methylation within a CNN sequence
+ biological_process
+ The covalent transfer of a methyl group, to C-5 or N-4, of a cytosine located within a CNN sequence in a DNA molecule. N stands for any nucleotide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid omega-oxidation
+
+ The metabolic oxidation of a long-chain fatty acid by successive cycles of reactions during each of which the omega-carbon in a fatty acid (the carbon furthest in the alkyl chain from the carboxylic acid) is progressively oxidized first to an alcohol and then to a carboxylic acid, creating a molecule with a carboxylic acid on both ends.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2724
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seed maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process in seed development that occurs after embryogenesis by which a quiescent state is established in a seed. Seed maturation is characterized by storage compound accumulation, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, growth arrest and the entry into a dormancy period of variable length that is broken upon germination.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bract development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bract morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of bract are generated and organized. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bract formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to a bract. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. A bract is a leaf, usually different in form from the foliage leaves, subtending a flower or inflorescence.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to sulfur starvation
+
+ A change in the state or activity of a cell (in terms of enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sulfur.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucosinolate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stomatal lineage progression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which an unspecialized epidermal cell progresses through a series of divisions that culminate in the production of a stomatal complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guard cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the guard cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guard cell morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Generation and organization of the polarized cell that is capable of turgor driven movement.
+ biological_process
+ guard cell morphogenesis during differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristemoid mother cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristemoid division
+ The asymmetric cell division by which a meristemoid mother cells (MMC) give rise to a meristemoid and another cell. The other cell may itself become a MMC or may generate an epidermal cell. Any cell that undergoes this type of division is a MMC.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guard mother cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a meristemoid acquires the specialized features of a guard mother cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear dicing body
+
+ cellular_component
+ A small round nuclear body, measuring 0.2-0.8 microns in diameter that is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. Several proteins known to be involved in miRNA processing have been localized to these structures. D-bodies are thought to be involved in primary-miRNA processing and/or storage/assembly of miRNA processing complexes.
+ D body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to alkalinity
+
+ response to basic pH
+ biological_process
+ response to alkaline pH
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH > 7.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to acidity
+
+ biological_process
+ response to acidic pH
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vegetative meristem growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The increase in size or mass of a vegetative meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into lateral organ primordia.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root meristem growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The increase in size or mass of a root meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant root which maintains a continuous balance between the production of stem cells and the incorporation of their derivatives into the growth of the root.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inflorescence meristem growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The increase in size or mass of an inflorescence meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant shoot which produces small leaves and then floral meristems, which will give rise to flowers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floral meristem growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The increase in size or mass of a floral meristem, a population of undifferentiated cells in a plant that gives rise to a flower.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K36 methylation
+
+ The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 36 of the histone.
+ histone H3 K36 methylation
+ biological_process
+ histone lysine H3 K36 methylation
+ histone H3K36me
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency or rate of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of the dorsal spinal cord cell population.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centriole-centriole cohesion
+
+ The process by which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exit from mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process where a cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of heart rate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart rate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal cell proliferation
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peptidase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene expression
+
+ Wikipedia:Gene_expression
+ The process by which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gene expression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Regulation_of_gene_expression
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of receptor activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gastrulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of gastrulation. Gastrulation is the complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gibberellin-mediated signaling
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of gibberellin stimulus.
+ gibberellin-mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to sulfur dioxide
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sulfur dioxide (SO2) stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlororespiration
+
+ A respiratory electron flow (from NAD(P)H to plastoquinone (PQ) and O2) involving both a nonphotochemical reduction and re-oxidation of PQ pool.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stele development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stele over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stele is the central column of primary vascular tissue in the root and any tissue that it surrounds.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microsporocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process aimed at the progression of a microsporocyte cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. A microsporocyte is a diploid (2n) cell that undergoes meiosis and forms four haploid (1n) microspores; also called microspore mother cell and, in seed plants, pollen mother cell.
+ biological_process
+ pollen mother cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal cell division
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell, any of the cells making up the epidermis, into daughter cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of epidermal cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of an epidermal cell into daughter cells. An epidermal cell is any of the cells that make up the epidermis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen tube reception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Interaction between the pollen tube, part of the male gametophyte, and the ovule, part of the female gametophyte, that results in the arrest of pollen tube growth, rupture of the pollen tube and the release of the sperm cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of shoot apical meristem identity
+
+ The process by which an organism retains a population of shoot apical meristem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lewis a epitope biosynthetic process
+
+ biological_process
+ LE A biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a Lewis a epitope, a trisaccharide (Fuc-alpha-1->4(Gal-beta-1->3)GlcNAc) characteristic of plant protein N-linked oligosaccharides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stress granule
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Stress_granule
+ cellular_component
+ A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long-distance posttranscriptional gene silencing
+
+ A posttranscriptional gene silencing process in which the silencing signal originates in a tissue separate from the tissue in which the silencing takes place.
+ long-distance propagation of posttranscriptional gene silencing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intercellular transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The movement of substances between cells in a multicellular organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular transport
+
+ plasmodesma-mediated intercellular transport
+ plasmodesmata-mediated cell-to-cell transport
+ biological_process
+ The movement of substances between cells via plasmodesmata. Plasmodesmata is a fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
+ plasmodesma-mediated cell-to-cell transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasomal protein catabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome.
+ proteasome-mediated protein catabolic process
+ proteasome-mediated protein catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasomal ubiquitin-independent protein catabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds that is mediated by the proteasome but do not involve ubiquitin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmitting tissue development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the transmitting tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The transmitting tissue is the tissue in the style of a carpel through which the pollen tube grows; it connects the stigma and the inside of ovary.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA secondary structure unwinding
+
+ biological_process
+ RNA duplex unwinding
+ The process by which a secondary structure of RNA are broken or 'melted'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastoglobuli
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lipid bodies localized within the chloroplast stroma.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency or rate of cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of autophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process by which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of autophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process by which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of autophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process by which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyamine homeostasis
+
+ Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of a polyamine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+ The process by which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion. Conjugation with cellular fusion is the process that results in the union of cellular and genetic information from compatible mating types.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of induction of conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a cell decreases the rate or frequency of the initiation of conjugation with cellular fusion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular response to nitrogen starvation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to nitrogen starvation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phospholipase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phospholipase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phospholipase activity
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transposition, RNA-mediated
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA-mediated transposition. RNA-mediated transposition is a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transposition. Transposition results in the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of JAK1 kinase activity
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK1 (Janus Activated Kinase 1) protein, thereby activating it.
+ activation of JAK1 protein
+ tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 protein
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of activation of JAK1 kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of activation of JAK1 protein
+ regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 protein
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK1 protein. The activation of JAK1 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK1 (Janus Activated Kinase 1) protein, thereby activating it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.
+ regulation of activation of JAK protein
+ biological_process
+ regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of activation of JAK2 protein. The activation of JAK2 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK2 (Janus Activated Kinase 2) protein, thereby activating it.
+ regulation of activation of JAK2 protein
+ regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of activation of JAK2 kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increase the frequency or rate of activation of JAK2 protein. The activation of JAK2 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK2 (Janus Activated Kinase 2) protein, thereby activating it.
+ positive regulation of activation of JAK2 protein
+ positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of activation of Janus kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK protein
+ Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK protein. The activation of JAK protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.
+ positive regulation of activation of JAK protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of activation of JAK1 kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK1 protein
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency or rate of activation of JAK1 protein. The activation of JAK1 protein is the process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK1 (Janus Activated Kinase 1) protein, thereby activating it.
+ positive regulation of activation of JAK1 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basipetal auxin transport
+
+ The unidirectional movement of auxin from the apex to base of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acropetal auxin transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The unidirectional movement of auxin from the base towards the apex of an organ, including the shoot, leaf, primary root, or lateral root.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of platelet activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of platelet activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thylakoid membrane disassembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The controlled breakdown of the thylakoid membrane in the context of a normal process.
+ thylakoid membrane degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thylakoid membrane disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thylakoid membrane degradation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of thylakoid membrane disassembly.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of membrane disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of membrane disassembly.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of PSII associated light-harvesting complex II catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of LHCII catabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one or more components of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II.
+ regulation of LHCII degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from DNA encoding a specific gene or set of genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from DNA encoding a specific gene or set of genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from DNA encoding a specific gene or set of genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter secretory pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A regulated secretory pathway in which neurotransmitters are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to mannitol stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a sucrose stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell cycle process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ketone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ketone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ketone, carried out by individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ketone catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ketone, carried out by individual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of budding cell apical growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth at the tip of a bud, in a cell that reproduces by budding.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of filamentous growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process by which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA replication during S phase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication during progression through S phase of the cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of platelet activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vascular endothelial growth factor production
+
+ The appearance of vascular endothelial growth factor production due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation vascular endothelial growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein signalling
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity that is an integral part of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, resulting in a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signaling pathway
+
+
+ positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity by G-protein signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity that is an integral part of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, resulting in a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of starch biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ An process which modulate the frequency, rate or extent of starch biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floral meristem determinacy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a floral meristem becomes determinate (i.e. ceases to produce lateral organs and may or may not terminally differentiate).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cyclopentenone
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclopentenone stimulus. Cyclopentenones are oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They are structurally similar to jasmonic acid, but contain a reactive unsaturated carbonyl structure in the cyclo-ring. Cyclopentenones include phytoprostanes and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen exine formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of the pollen exine. The reticulate pollen wall pattern consists of two layers, exine and intine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamine secretion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The controlled release of glutamine by a cell, a group of cells, or a tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ miRNA metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.
+ microRNA metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ miRNA catabolic process
+
+
+ microRNA catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of miRNA, microRNA, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21-23 nucleotides in length, which regulates gene expression.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cotyledon vascular tissue pattern formation
+
+ biological_process
+ Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the cotyledon of vascular plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leaf proximal/distal pattern formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The regionalization process within a leaf by which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell separation during cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process of physically separating progeny cells during cytokinesis; this may involve enzymatic digestion of septum or cell wall components.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lamellipodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
+ regulation of lamellipodium biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lamellipodium biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lamellipodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of lamellipodium biogenesis
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of endothelial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of endothelial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ green leaf volatile biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of volatile molecules emitted from green plants, such as hexenal, hexenol and hexenyl acetate, from linoleic acid or linolenic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NAD(P)H dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Complex that possesses NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It is involved in electron transport from an unidentified electron donor, possibly NADH, NADPH or ferredoxin(Fd) to the plastoquinone pool.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA interference, production of lsiRNA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form lsiRNA (long small interfering RNA), a class of siRNAs 30 to 40 nt in length. lsiRNAs are induced by pathogen infection or under specific growth conditions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of auxin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of auxin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of auxins, plant hormones that regulate aspects of plant growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Regulation of the chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of an RNA transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by mRNA localization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression after the production of a mRNA transcript by its transport into, or maintainance in, a specific location within the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mRNA stability involved in response to stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation that is part of a change in state or activity of a cell as a result of an exogenous disturbance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the process by which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the process by which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cardiac muscle adaptation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the process by which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian regulation of calcium ion oscillation
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the concentration of cytosolic free calcium ion [Ca2+]cyt with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
+ circadian regulation of [Ca2+]cyt oscillation
+ circadian regulation of cytosolic free calcium ion oscillation
+ biological_process
+ circadian regulation of cytosolic calcium ion homeostasis
+ circadian regulation of Ca2+ oscillation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerenchyma formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to aerenchyma, parenchyma tissue containing particularly large intercellular spaces of schizogenous or lysigenous origin. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of adenylate cyclase activity by glucose-triggered G-protein signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ Any glucose-triggered process that initiates the activity of an inactive adenylate cyclase that is an integral part of the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, resulting in a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ activation of adenylate cyclase activity by glucose-triggered G-protein signalling pathway
+ activation of adenylate cyclase activity by glucose involved in G-protein signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor catabolism
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the catabolism of a transcription factor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription by transcription factor localization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves the localization of a transcription factor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of ovule identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regionalization process by which the identity of an ovule is specified. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ developmental programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The activation of endogenous cellular processes that result in the death of a cell as part of its development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Schwann cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Schwann cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency or rate of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Schwann cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency or extent of the multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein kinase cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gene expression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gene expression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Some protein processing events may be included when they are required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription, start site selection
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA by a mechanism that selects the start site along that template.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of epithelial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of epithelial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epithelial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitochondrial fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of organelle organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of organelle organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell communication by chemical coupling
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell communication by electrical coupling
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell communication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell communication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell communication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication. Cell communication is the process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via electrical coupling. Cell communication via electrical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by transfer of current between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell communication by chemical coupling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell communication via chemical coupling. Cell communication by chemical coupling is the process that mediates signaling interactions between one cell and another cell by the transfer of small, water-soluble molecules or metabolites between their adjacent cytoplasms via intercellular protein channels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apical cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an apical cell. The apical cell is the upper cell formed after the first division of the zygote.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptosis. Muscle cell apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle cell apoptosis
+
+ biological_process
+ A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death. A muscle cell is a mature contractile cell, commonly known as a myocyte, that forms one of three kinds of muscle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle cell apoptosis
+
+ A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death. Striated muscle cells make up striated muscle fibers which are divided by transverse bands into striations.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
+
+ biological_process
+ A form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptosis. Muscle cell apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate or frequency of muscle cell apoptosis. Muscle cell apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a muscle cell and result in its death.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptosis. Striated muscle cell apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptosis. Striated muscle cell apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
+ inhibition of striated muscle cell apoptosis
+ down regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
+ down-regulation of striated muscle cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate or extent of striated muscle cell apoptosis. Striated muscle cell apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a striated muscle cell and result in its death.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptosis. Cardiac cell apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptosis. Cardiac cell apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
+ Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptosis. Cardiac cell apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death.
+ inhibition of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
+ down regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectodermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of an ectodermal cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial structure maintenance
+
+ A tissue homeostatic process required for the maintenance of epithelial structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dioxygen (O2), or any of the reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (-OH).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dioxygen (O2), or any of the reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (-OH).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic
+
+
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, meiotic
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during meiosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process by repression of transcription
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular carbohydrate metabolic process by transcriptional repression
+ Any cellular process that decreases the rate, extent or frequency of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates carried out by repression of transcription.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in salicylic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of salicylic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in coumarin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of coumarin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cinnamic biosynthetic process involved in stilbene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of stilbene.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cinnamic acid biosynthetic process involved in flavonoid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, which is then utilized in the metabolism of flavonoids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tricyclic triterpenoid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.
+ tricyclic triterpenoid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tricyclic triterpenoid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tricyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 3 rings.
+ biological_process
+ tricyclic triterpenoid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetracyclic triterpenoid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.
+ tetracyclic triterpenoid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetracyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 4 carbon rings.
+ tetracyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis during cell cycle, site selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of marking the place where cytokinesis will occur in the context of cell cycle progression.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to chemical stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter, as a result of a chemical stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter, as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ribosomal protein gene transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to nutrient levels
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of RNA from ribosomal protein genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter, as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of spindle pole body separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of SPB separation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of spindle pole body separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of SPB separation
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of spindle pole body separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of SPB separation
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the process involving the release of duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and their migration away from each other within the nuclear membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell signaling involved in quorum sensing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell signalling involved in quorum sensing
+ The cell-cell signaling process in which single-celled organisms monitor population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of norepinephrine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of histolysis
+ inhibition of histolysis
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death.
+ down-regulation of histolysis
+ down regulation of histolysis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in meiotic gene conversion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang resulting in the transfer of genetic information from one helix to another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA double-strand break processing involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs resulting in double strand break formation and repair through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biosynthesis of lactosylceramide precursor to ganglioside
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal beta(1,4)Glc beta(1,1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group as a precursor of gangliosides.
+ lactosylceramide biosynthetic process leading to ganglioside
+ lactosylceramide biosynthesis leading to ganglioside
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biosynthesis of lactosylceramide precursor to globoside
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactosylceramides, Gal beta(1,4)Glc beta(1,1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group as a precursor of globosides.
+ lactosylceramide biosynthesis leading to globoside
+ lactosylceramide biosynthetic process leading to globoside
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heteroduplex formation involved in gene conversion at mating-type locus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules resulting in the conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heteroduplex formation involved in double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules resulting in the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of collagen catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of collagen degradation
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of collagen catabolism
+ regulation of collagen breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of collagen catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of collagen catabolism. Collagen catabolism is the proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix.
+ negative regulation of collagen breakdown
+ down-regulation of collagen catabolic process
+ negative regulation of collagen degradation
+ inhibition of collagen catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of collagen catabolic process
+ downregulation of collagen catabolic process
+ negative regulation of collagen catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of collagen metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of collagen metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of collagen metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of collagen metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the metabolism of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of collagen metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of extracellular matrix degradation
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
+ regulation of extracellular matrix breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
+ down-regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
+ negative regulation of extracellular matrix breakdown
+ negative regulation of extracellular matrix degradation
+ inhibition of extracellular matrix disassembly
+ downregulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
+ down regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ferrochelatase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ferrochelatase activity; catalysis of the reaction: protoporphyrin + Fe2+ = protoheme + 2 H+.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an iron stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of definitive erythrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of definitive erythrocyte differentiation. Definitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of definitive RBC differentiation
+ regulation of definitive red blood cell differentiation
+ regulation of definitive erythropoiesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of primitive erythrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of primitive erythropoeisis
+ regulation of primitive RBC differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of primitive erythrocyte differentiation. Primitive erythrocyte differentiation occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of primitive red blood cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
+ positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolism
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis. The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
+ negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid glutathionylation
+
+ The protein modification process by which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein amino acid glutathionylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of protein amino acid glutathionylation. Protein amino acid glutathionylation is the protein modification process by which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein amino acid glutathionylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein amino acid glutathionylation. Protein amino acid glutathionylation is the protein modification process by which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein amino acid glutathionylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein amino acid glutathionylation. Protein amino acid glutathionylation is the protein modification process by which a glutathione molecule is added to a protein amino acid through a disulfide linkage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription via serum response element binding
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from DNA encoding a specific set of genes as a result of a transcription factor interacting with a serum response element (SRE). A serum response element is a short sequence with dyad symmetry found in the promoters of some of the cellular immediate-early genes, regulated by serum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein kinase A signaling cascade
+
+ PKA signaling cascade
+ protein kinase A signalling cascade
+ biological_process
+ A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein kinase A signaling cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of PKA signaling cascade
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the protein kinase A signaling cascade. The PKA signaling cascade is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
+ regulation of protein kinase A signalling cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of PKA signaling cascade
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the protein kinase A signaling cascade. The PKA signaling cascade is the series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
+ positive regulation of protein kinase A signalling cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein kinase cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein kinase cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a series of reactions, mediated by protein kinases, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ foam cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a macrophage containing lipid in small vacuoles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of foam cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of foam cell differentiation. Foam cell differentiation is the process whereby a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a macrophage containing lipid in small vacuoles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of foam cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of foam cell differentiation. Foam cell differentiation is the process whereby a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a macrophage containing lipid in small vacuoles.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of foam cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of foam cell differentiation. Foam cell differentiation is the process whereby a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a macrophage containing lipid in small vacuoles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport. Plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport is the directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
+ positive regulation of nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cGMP-mediated signalling
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signalling
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cGMP-mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of plasminogen activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process whereby plasminogen is processed to plasmin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of plasminogen activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process whereby plasminogen is processed to plasmin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of plasminogen activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process whereby plasminogen is processed to plasmin.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of plasminogen activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage chemotaxis. Macrophage chemotaxis is the movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast migration
+
+ biological_process
+ Cell migration that is accomplished by extension and retraction of a fibroblast pseudopodium. A fibroblast is a connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
+ fibroblast cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fibroblast migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fibroblast cell migration
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fibroblast migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fibroblast cell migration
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fibroblast migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fibroblast cell migration
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sodium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sodium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to UV-induced DNA damage
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a UV damage stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis contributing to cell differentiation. Cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation is the change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA recombinase assembly involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA recombinase assembly involved in meiotic gene conversion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process whereby genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic strand invasion involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic strand invasion involved in meiotic gene conversion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate resulting in meiotic recombination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic mismatch repair involved in meiotic gene conversion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process whereby genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic mismatch repair involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA repair synthesis involved in meiotic gene conversion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process whereby genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in reciprocal meiotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic recombination. Meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA double-strand break formation involved in meiotic gene conversion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I resulting in meiotic gene conversion. Meiotic gene conversion is the cell cycle process whereby genetic information is transferred from one helix to another.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proboscis morphogenesis, labial disc-derived
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the labial disc are generated and organized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proboscis morphogenesis, eye-antennal disc-derived
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the eye-antennal disc are generated and organized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proboscis morphogenesis, clypeo-labral disc-derived
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the proboscis that are derived from the clypeo-labral disc are generated and organized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, plasma membrane to endosome targeting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the plasma membrane to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle, trans-Golgi to endosome targeting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles that will move from the trans-Golgi to the endosome, forming a vesicle coat.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, inter-Golgi cisterna
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of inter-Golgi cisterna transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ COPI coating of Golgi vesicle, cis-Golgi to rough ER
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of cis-Golgi to rough ER transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis I.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic sister chromatid cohesion involved in meiosis II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis II.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via synthesis-dependent strand annealing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA double-strand break processing involved in repair via single-strand annealing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang that results in the repair of a double strand break via single-strand annealing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mRNA export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of dolichol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dolichol biosynthesis. Dolichol biosynthesis consists of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ubiquinone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquinone biosynthesis. Ubiquinone biosynthesis consists of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of multivesicular body size
+
+ Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body, a type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of multivesicular body size involved in endosome transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of multivesicular body size involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
+
+ Any process that modulates the volume of a multivesicular body as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory system
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment carried out by the organism's respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TNF-mediated signaling pathway
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ regulation of TNF signaling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TNF-mediated signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
+ Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway. The tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of TNF signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lysine import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of lysine uptake
+ Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of lysine import. Lysine import is the directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lysine import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of lysine uptake
+ Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of lysine import. Lysine import is the directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic vesicle priming
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic vesicle priming
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptic vesicle priming
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle priming. Synaptic vesicle priming is the formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuropeptide catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are signaling peptides that travel across a synaptic junction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substance P catabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the neuropeptide substance P.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bradykinin catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide bradykinin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcitonin catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide calcitonin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hormone levels
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the levels of hormone within an organism or a tissue. A hormone is any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell chemotaxis
+
+ The directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of T cell chemotaxis. T cell chemotaxis is the directed movement of a T cell in response to an external stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitochondrion organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitochondrion organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitochondrion organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of centrosome duplication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of centrosome duplication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of centrosome duplication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome duplication. Centrosome duplication is the replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucose transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glucose transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glucose transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myotube differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myotube differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myotube differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening
+
+ Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and lengthening the telomeric DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere maintenance via telomere shortening
+
+ Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and shortening the telomeric DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation. Protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation. Protein amino acid ADP-ribosylation is the transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to protein amino acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of keratinocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, or extent of the wakeful phase of the circadian sleep/wake cycle. The wakeful phase is the part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retina layer formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal layer formation
+ The process whereby the vertebrate retina is organized into three laminae: the outer nuclear layer (ONL), which contains photoreceptor nuclei; the inner nuclear layer (INL), which contains amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells; and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer. Between the inner and outer nuclear layers, the outer plexiform layer (OPL) contains connections between the photoreceptors and bipolar and horizontal cells. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells. Spanning all layers of the retina are the radially oriented Mueller glia.
+ biological_process
+ retinal lamination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of meiotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
+
+ activation of meiotic recombination
+ Any process that starts the inactive process of reciprocal meiotic recombination. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chromatin assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process the modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly. Chromatin assembly is the assembly of DNA, histone proteins, and other associated proteins into chromatin structure, beginning with the formation of the basic unit, the nucleosome, followed by organization of the nucleosomes into higher order structures, ultimately giving rise to a complex organization of specific domains within the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chromatin disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin disassembly. Chromatin disassembly is the controlled breakdown of chromatin from a higher order structure into its simpler subcomponents, DNA, histones, and other proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase. Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism.
+ regulation of hydrogen ion transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism
+ regulation of V-type ATPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemoreceptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of reactions within the cell that occur as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound interacting with a chemoreceptor resulting in a modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. Chemoreceptors respond to oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions.
+ chemoreceptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein nuclear translocation. SMAD protein nuclear translocation is the vectorial transfer of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phospholipase C activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate of phospholipase C activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein histidine kinase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein histidine kinase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stipule development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stipule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A stipule is one of (usually) a pair of appendages at the bases of leaves in many broad-leaved angiosperms.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of triacylglycerol biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
+ positive regulation of triacylglycerol biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of triglyceride biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of triacylglycerol biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of triglyceride biosynthesis. Triglyceride biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cholesterol esterification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. Cholesterol esterification is the lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cholesterol esterification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol esterification. Cholesterol esterification is the lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cholesterol efflux
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cholesterol efflux
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholesterol efflux. Cholesterol efflux is the directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid localization
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a lipid is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid transport involved in lipid storage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of lipids into cells that is part of their accumulation and maintenance.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol storage
+
+ The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
+ sequestration of cholesterol
+ biological_process
+ cholesterol sequestration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol transport involved in cholesterol storage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sequestration of cholesterol
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of cholesterol into cells that is part of their accumulation and maintenance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the process whereby the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling
+
+ regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signalling
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipid storage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of lipid sequestration
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lipid storage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
+ positive regulation of lipid sequestration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cholesterol storage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cholesterol storage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of cholesterol sequestration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cholesterol storage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cholesterol sequestration
+ Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cholesterol storage. Cholesterol storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lipid storage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipid storage. Lipid storage is the accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sequestering of triglyceride
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of triacylglycerol sequestration
+ regulation of sequestering of triacylglycerol
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sequestering of triglyceride
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sequestering of triacylglycerol
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of triglyceride sequestration
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of sequestering of triglyceride. Triglyceride sequestration is the process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of triglyceride sequestration
+ negative regulation of sequestering of triacylglycerol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial translation in response to stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of triacylglycerol catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of triacylglycerol catabolic process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of triglyceride catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of triacylglycerol catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triglyceride.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phosphatidylcholine catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of phosphatidylcholine catabolism. Phosphatidylcholine catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of VLDL remodeling
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
+ positive regulation of VLDL remodeling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling is the acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
+ negative regulation of VLDL remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of UDP-glucose catabolism
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of UDP-glucose catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of UDP-glucose catabolism. UDP-glucose catabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-glucose, uridinediphosphoglucose, a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ negative regulation of UDP-glucose catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucose metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucose metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glucose metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of glucose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating (alpha1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating (alpha1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis by positive regulation of epimerase activity
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis by an increase in epimerase activity. This epimerase activity catalyzes the reaction that converts D-glucuronate into its diastereoisomer in heparan sulfate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of isomerase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of isomerase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the activity of an isomerase. An isomerase catalyzes the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis. Sterigmatocystin biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of sterigmatocystin biosynthesis. Sterigmatocystin biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process by which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
+ regulation of VLDL clearance
+ regulation of VLDL particle clearance
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of VLDL particle clearance
+ negative regulation of VLDL clearance
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance. Very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance is the process by which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthesis
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of inositol phosphate biosynthesis. Inositol phosphate biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphatase activity
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phosphatase activity
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phosphatase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate or frequency of inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reactions: D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate + phosphate, and 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate + phosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anatomical structure formation
+
+ The process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structure is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cellular component assembly that is part of the initial shaping of the component during its developmental progression.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of auxin mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of auxin mediated signaling pathway. Auxin mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of auxin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage tolerance induction
+
+ A process involving any mechanism for tolerance induction in macrophages.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of macrophage tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of macrophage tolerance induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell tolerance induction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage cytokine production
+
+ The appearance of a macrophage cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ GOC:tb
+ biological_process
+ GOC:dph
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of macrophage cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic microtubule depolymerization
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of a cytoplasmic microtubule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of necrotic cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of necrotic cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription by competitive promoter binding
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription using a mechanism that involves direct competition for interaction with a promoter binding site.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of meiotic joint molecule formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic joint molecule formation. Meiotic joint molecule formation is the conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule, formed during meiotic recombination.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell cycle process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of intestinal phytosterol absorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of phytosterols into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of endopeptidase activity
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of endopeptidase activity
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of peptidase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage. Protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage is the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein during protein maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage. Protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage is the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein during protein maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage. Protein peptide bond cleavage bond or bonds within a protein during protein maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of amino acid import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amino acid import. Amino acid import is the directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of metal ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of metal ion transport. Metal ion transport is the directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnesium ion homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of magnesium ions within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular magnesium ion homeostasis
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of calcium ions at the level of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of glucan biosynthesis. Glucan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ programmed cell death
+
+ Cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
+ non-apoptotic programmed cell death
+ nonapoptotic programmed cell death
+ Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products in the organism undergoing the programmed cell death. To annotate genes in another organism whose products modulate programmed cell death in a host organism, consider the term 'modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death ; GO:0052040'.
+ Wikipedia:Programmed_cell_death
+ biological_process
+ GO:0016244
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of programmed cell death
+
+ A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.
+ GO:0012503
+ biological_process
+ induction of non-apoptotic programmed cell death
+ induction of nonapoptotic programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endomembrane system
+
+ A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.
+ goslim_candida
+ Wikipedia:Endomembrane_system
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_yeast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport vesicle membrane
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
+ endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
+ GO:0030664
+ COPII coated vesicle membrane
+ cellular_component
+ ER-Golgi transport vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi to ER transport vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the Golgi to the ER.
+ Golgi-ER transport vesicle membrane
+ Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle membrane
+ Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inter-Golgi transport vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances within the Golgi.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.
+ cellular_component
+ TGN transport vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body
+
+
+ A subcellular organelle of plant cells surrounded by 'half-unit' or a monolayer membrane instead of the more usual bilayer. The storage body has a droplet of triglyceride surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, interacting with the triglycerides and the hydrophilic head groups facing the cytosol, and containing major protein components called oleosins.
+ oilbody
+ cellular_component
+ oleosome
+ lipid storage body (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ GO:0009520
+ spherosome
+ Wikipedia:Oil_body
+ oil body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sclerenchyma cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sclerenchyma cell. Plant cell type with thick lignified walls, normally dead at maturity and specialised for structural strength. Includes fiber cells, that are greatly elongated; and sclereids, that are more isodiametric. Intermediate types exist. Cells may or may not be devoid of protoplast at maturity. Cell form and size are variable.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astrocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
+ biological_process
+ astrocyte cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligodendrocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligodendrocyte cell development
+ The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microglia differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microglial cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell. Microglia are glial cells that act as the immune cells of the central nervous system. They form part of the supporting structure of this system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microglia development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microglial cell development
+ biological_process
+ The process aimed at the progression of a microglial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microglia differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of microglial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of microglia differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.
+ down regulation of microglia differentiation
+ negative regulation of microglial cell differentiation
+ inhibition of microglia differentiation
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of microglia differentiation
+ down-regulation of microglia differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of microglia differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microglia differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a microglial cell.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of microglia differentiation
+ upregulation of microglia differentiation
+ activation of microglia differentiation
+ stimulation of microglia differentiation
+ positive regulation of microglial cell differentiation
+ up regulation of microglia differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ glia proliferation
+ The multiplication or reproduction of glial cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Glial cells exist throughout the nervous system, and include Schwann cells, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes among others.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Schwann cell proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Schwann cell proliferation involved in axon regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population in response to an axonal lesion. The newly generated Schwann cells support subsequent axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system
+
+ biological_process
+ The regrowth of axons outside the central nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) following an axonal injury.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gliogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gliogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of gliogenesis
+ down-regulation of gliogenesis
+ inhibition of gliogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.
+ down regulation of gliogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gliogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gliogenesis, the formation of mature glia.
+ up-regulation of gliogenesis
+ stimulation of gliogenesis
+ upregulation of gliogenesis
+ up regulation of gliogenesis
+ biological_process
+ activation of gliogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuroblast. There are at least four stages through which the pluripotent cells of epiblast or blastula become neuroblasts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will differentiate into a neuroblast.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuroblast in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process aimed at the progression of a neuroblast over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific state, to the mature neuroblast. It does not include processes where the neuroblast turns into a glial cell or a neuron.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary neural tube formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of the neural tube from an epithelial cell sheet (the neuroepithelium or neural plate). In primary neurulation, the cells surrounding the neural plate direct the neural plate cells to proliferate, invaginate, and pinch off from the surface to form a hollow epithelial tube. Primary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the anterior neural tube.
+ primary neural tube morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ primary neurulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary neural tube formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medullary cord biosynthesis
+ secondary neurulation
+ medullary cord formation
+ secondary neural tube formation (sensu Mus)
+ neural rod formation (sensu Mus)
+ biological_process
+ GO:0014026
+ The formation of the neural tube by coalescence of mesenchymal cells followed by their conversion to epithelial cells to form a solid cord that subsequently hollows out (cavitates) to create a hollow tube. Secondary neurulation is the typical mechanism of formation of the neural tube posterior to the posterior neuropore in mammals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural plate elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the neural plate is shaped by the intrinsic movement of the epidermal and neural plate regions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural rod formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.
+ neural rod formation (sensu Teleost)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural rod cavitation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of rod cavitation, which is the formation of a lumen in the neural rod during primary neurulation, producing the neural tube.
+ neural rod cavitation (sensu Teleost)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural keel formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of a thickened region of the neurectoderm that is roughly triangular in cross section. The neural keel develops from the neural plate and develops into the neural rod. Neural keel formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary neural tube rod cavitation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of medullary cavitation, which is the formation of a lumen in the medullary cord during secondary neurulation, producing the neural tube.
+ biological_process
+ medullary rod cavitation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ notochord formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of the notochord from the chordamesoderm. The notochord is composed of large cells packed within a firm connective tissue sheath and is found in all chordates at the ventral surface of the neural tube. In vertebrates, the notochord contributes to the vertebral column.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural crest formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of the specialized region of ectoderm between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm. The neural crest gives rise to the neural crest cells that migrate away from this region as neural tube formation procedes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a cell becomes committed to become a mesenchymal cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural crest cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural crest cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neural crest cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural crest cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell becomes committed to become a neural crest cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural crest cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural crest cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neural crest cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Schwann cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a Schwann cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
+ inhibition of Schwann cell differentiation
+ downregulation of Schwann cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Schwann cell differentiation.
+ stimulation of Schwann cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of Schwann cell differentiation
+ up regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
+ activation of Schwann cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of Schwann cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neuron maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neuron maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of neuron maturation
+ up regulation of neuron maturation
+ stimulation of neuron maturation
+ upregulation of neuron maturation
+ activation of neuron maturation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neuron maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of neuron maturation
+ down regulation of neuron maturation
+ down-regulation of neuron maturation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of neuron maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Schwann cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process aimed at the progression of a Schwann cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system, where they insulate neurons and axons, and regulate the environment in which neurons function.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of endothelial blood-brain barrier
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Establishment of the endothelial barrier between the blood and the brain. The endothelial cells in the brain capillaries are packed tightly together preventing the passage of most molecules from the blood into the brain. Only lipid soluble molecules or those that are actively transported can pass through the blood-brain barrier.
+ establishment of endothelial blood/brain barrier
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dopamine secretion
+
+
+ The regulated release of dopamine by a cell or group of cells. Dopamine is a catecholamine and a precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline. It acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system but it is also produced peripherally and acts as a hormone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate secretion
+
+
+ The controlled release of glutamate by a cell or group of cells. The glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glutamate secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glutamate secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.
+ up regulation of glutamate secretion
+ up-regulation of glutamate secretion
+ activation of glutamate secretion
+ upregulation of glutamate secretion
+ stimulation of glutamate secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glutamate secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of glutamate secretion
+ downregulation of glutamate secretion
+ down-regulation of glutamate secretion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of glutamate.
+ down regulation of glutamate secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+
+
+ GABA secretion
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of gamm-aminobutyric acid by a cell or group of cells. The gamma-aminobutyric acid is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain but is also found in several extraneural tissues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
+ regulation of GABA secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+ downregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+ down regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of GABA secretion
+ inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+ up regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+ stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+ positive regulation of GABA secretion
+ up-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+ upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetylcholine secretion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of acetylcholine by a cell or group of cells. The acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that acts in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of acetylcholine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of acetylcholine secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.
+ activation of acetylcholine secretion
+ stimulation of acetylcholine secretion
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of acetylcholine secretion
+ upregulation of acetylcholine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of acetylcholine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of acetylcholine secretion
+ inhibition of acetylcholine secretion
+ down-regulation of acetylcholine secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of acetylcholine.
+ downregulation of acetylcholine secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of dopamine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of epinephrine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adrenaline secretion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of norepinephrine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of norepinephrine.
+ regulation of noradrenaline secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of serotonin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of serotonin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of serotonin secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.
+ down-regulation of serotonin secretion
+ downregulation of serotonin secretion
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of serotonin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of serotonin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of serotonin secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of serotonin.
+ upregulation of serotonin secretion
+ up-regulation of serotonin secretion
+ stimulation of serotonin secretion
+ up regulation of serotonin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PI3K cascades lie downstream of many cell surface receptor linked signaling pathways and regulate numerous cellular functions.
+ PI3K cascade
+ PI 3-kinase cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of PI 3-kinase cascade
+ regulation of PI3K cascade
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+ negative regulation of PI 3-kinase cascade
+ negative regulation of PI3K cascade
+ downregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+ down regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade.
+ inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+ stimulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+ positive regulation of PI 3-kinase cascade
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade.
+ upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+ positive regulation of PI3K cascade
+ up regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ postsynaptic density
+
+
+ The post synaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. It forms a disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include receptors, and structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They also include signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases.
+ Wikipedia:Postsynaptic_density
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to organic cyclic substance
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic substance stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cycloalkane
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloalkane stimulus. A cycloalkane is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to isoquinoline alkaloid
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an isoquinoline alkaloid stimulus. An isoquinoline alkaloid is any member of a group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine which is a structure characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to tropane
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tropane stimulus. Tropane is a nitrogenous bicyclic organic compound mainly known for a group of alkaloids derived from it (called tropane alkaloids), which include, among others, atropine and cocaine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to purine
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a purine stimulus. Aside from DNA and RNA, purines are biochemically significant components in a number of other important biomolecules, such as ATP, GTP, cyclic AMP, NADH, and coenzyme A.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to amine stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amine stimulus. An amine is a compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to fluoxetine
+
+ selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluoxetine stimulus. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular level of the neurotransmitter serotonin by inhibiting its reuptake into the presynaptic cell, increasing the level of serotonin available to bind to the postsynaptic receptor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
+
+ The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium release channels, is devoted to calcium release and is juxtaposed to transverse tubule membrane. The junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ free sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ The part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane that contains calcium pumps and is devoted to calcium uptake. The free sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane consists of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane and the non-junctional region of the terminal cisterna membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oscillatory muscle contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within oscillatory skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Oscillatory muscle contraction occurs in insect wing muscles and is characterized by asynchrony between action potential and contraction and by stretch activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intercalated disc
+
+ A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Intercalated_disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C zone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A region of the A band in which myosin-binding protein C is located and that can be seen by electron microscopy. This is a functional zone that also includes myosin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle tissue development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle. Skeletal muscle myoblasts fuse to form myotubes and eventually multinucleated muscle fibers. The fusion of cardiac cells is very rare and can only form binucleate cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of somitomeric trunk muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of somitomeric trunk muscle development. The somitomeric trunk muscle is derived from somitomeric mesoderm. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of branchiomeric skeletal muscle development. Branchiomeric skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the branchiomeric skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell fate commitment in head
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, taking place in the head, whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast cell. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell fate commitment in trunk
+
+ biological_process
+ The process taking place in the trunk whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast cell. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ satellite cell asymmetric division involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Satellite cell asymmetric division that occurs during a process in which damaged muscle tissue is being rebuilt. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell activation. The satellite cell activation is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation of satellite cell involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. The activation of satellite cell is the process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ satellite cell activation
+
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a satellite cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tonic skeletal muscle contraction
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within tonic skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The tonic skeletal muscle is characterized by long lasting contractile responses and high resistance to fatigue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The twitch skeletal muscle responds to neurostimulations with a contraction followed by a relaxation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction.
+ regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ion signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by modulation of calcium ion sensitivity of myofibril
+
+ regulation of calcium ion sensitivity of myofibril involved in skeletal muscle contraction
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by changing calcium ion binding affinity of the myofibril.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of extraocular skeletal muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extraocular skeletal muscle development. Extraocular skeletal muscle development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the force of skeletal muscle contraction. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through the formation of cross bridges.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle during contraction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates velocity of shortening of a skeletal muscle contraction. The shortening leads to reduction of the length of muscle fibers and sarcomeres.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle regeneration at neuromuscular junction
+
+ biological_process
+ The regrowth of muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage at the neuromuscular junction. Regeneration of neuromuscular junctions occurs in an orderly way and relies on communication between nerve and muscle. Skeletal myofibers regenerate after injury and form neuro-muscular junctions with motor axons similar to normal ones. Regenerating myofibers develop within the basal lamina sheaths (satellite cells) of original myofibers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spectrin-associated cytoskeleton
+
+ The part of the cytoskeleton composed of spectrin, protein 4.1 and ankyrin. Spectrin-associated cytoskeleton is associated with the plasma membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle atrophy
+
+
+ A process, occurring in skeletal muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which skeletal muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle hypertrophy
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size (not length) of individual muscle fibers without cell division. In the case of skeletal muscle cells this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle atrophy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of muscle atrophy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle atrophy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of muscle atrophy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle atrophy.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle hyperplasia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of muscle hyperplasia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hyperplasia.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of muscle hyperplasia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hyperplasia.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of muscle hypertrophy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle hypertrophy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of muscle hypertrophy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle hypertrophy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle hypertrophy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.
+ positive regulation of muscle plasticity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of muscle plasticity
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of muscle adaptation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tonic skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tonic skeletal muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the free sarcoplasmic reticulum consisting of longitudinal tubules that connect terminal cisternae.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terminal cisterna
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Terminal_cisterna
+ The portion of sarcoplasmic reticulum devoted to calcium ion storage and calcium ion release.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum envelope. The longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen is continuous with the lumen contained within the terminal cisternae.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terminal cisterna lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the terminal cisterna envelope. This space is enriched in calsequestrin.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle adaptation
+
+ biological_process
+ smooth muscle plasticity
+ Any process by which smooth muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle hyperplasia
+
+ A process, occurring in smooth muscle, in which there is an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of somitogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitogenesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum
+
+
+ release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ The orderly movement of muscle cells from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ satellite cell commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a satellite cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon regeneration at neuromuscular junction
+
+ biological_process
+ The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage at the neuromuscular junction. Motor axons regenerate after injury and they form neuro-muscular junctions with skeletal myofibers similar to normal ones.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initiation of satellite cell activation by growth factor signalling, involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+ biological_process
+ Signalling between growth factors and their receptors that results in the activation of satellite cell, where this process is involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ satellite cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a satellite cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ satellite cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a satellite cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ satellite cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a satellite cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tonic smooth muscle contraction
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within tonic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the tonic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Tonic smooth muscle contraction occurs as a sustained continuous contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phasic smooth muscle contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within phasic smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. In the phasic smooth muscle, the muscle contraction occurs without an ordered sarcomeric structure. Phasic smooth muscle contraction occurs in a series of discrete contractions and relaxations.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of wounding
+
+
+ detection of injury
+ biological_process
+ The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to activity
+
+ response to exercise
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ artery smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the artery. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The artery is a vessel carrying blood away from the heart.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stomach fundus smooth muscle contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the fundus of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fundus is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vein smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the vein. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The vein is a vessel carrying blood away from the capillary beds.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intestine smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the intestine. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The intestine is the section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anal canal. It includes the large intestine and small intestine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ distal stomach smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the distal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The distal stomach is composed of the lower body and antrum and develops strong peristaltic phasic contractions that increase in amplitude as they propagate toward the pylorus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vascular smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process, occurring in the vascular tissue, whereby actin/myosin complex activity generates force through ATP hydrolysis resulting in a change in smooth muscle geometry. This process is always coupled to chemo-mechanical energy conversion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arteriole smooth muscle contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the arteriole. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The arteriole is the smallest division of the artery located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gastro-intestinal system smooth muscle contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the gastro-intestinal system. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The gastro-intestinal system generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the mouth to anus, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (liver, pancreas and biliary tract).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary bladder. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary bladder is a musculomembranous sac along the urinary tract.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ satellite cell asymmetric division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The asymmetric division of a satellite cell that occurs when a satellite cell divides to produce two daughter cells, one of which is destined to differentiate and the other to be a quiescent cell that restocks the satellite cell pool. Satellite cells are quiescent adult muscle stem cells that become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ satellite cell maintenance involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ satellite cell population maintenance
+ satellite cell compartment self-renewal involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+ The process essential to maintain a ready source of satellite cells. It consists of the return of activated satellite cells to a quiescent state after proliferation to replenish the satellite cell pool. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
+ satellite cell self-renewal
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized satellite cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast cell. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell fate commitment involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a satellite cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast cell. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell fate determination involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell fate specification involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a satellite cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a myoblast migrates along an entire fiber to the site of injury. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+ mononucleate cell migration involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ satellite cell proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of satellite cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of satellite cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth factor dependent regulation of satellite cell proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of satellite cell proliferation; dependent on specific growth factor activity such as fibroblast growth factors and transforming growth factor beta.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell proliferation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of myoblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. This occurs as part of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stomach body smooth muscle contraction
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the body of stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The body of stomach is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus above and the pyloric antrum below; its boundaries are poorly defined.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ esophagus smooth muscle contraction
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the esophagus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The esophagus is the muscular membranous segment between the pharynx and the stomach in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proximal stomach smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the proximal stomach. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The proximal stomach, composed of the fundus and upper body, shows low frequency, sustained tonic contractions that are responsible for generating a basal pressure within the stomach.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urinary tract smooth muscle contraction
+
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the urinary tract. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The urinary tract consists of organs of the body that produce and discharge urine. These include the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ureter smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the ureter. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The ureter is one of a pair of thick-walled tubes that transports urine from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to muscle activity
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by neural stimulation via neuromuscular junction
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by variation of the pattern of stimulation by nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential involved in skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process, involved in skeletal muscle contraction, that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a temporay increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to inactivity
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inactivity stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle cell proliferation
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of striated muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Striated muscles contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle cell proliferation
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of skeletal muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of skeletal muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter secretion involved in regulation of skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter secretion involved in control of skeletal muscle contraction
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft involved in skeletal muscle contraction. A neurotransmitter is any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glycine, gamma aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins and serotonin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle contraction via membrane action potential
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by depolarization of muscle membrane and ionic fluxes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle contraction by chemo-mechanical energy conversion
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle contraction by regulating force and velocity of shortening. The force of skeletal muscle contraction is produced by acto-myosin interaction processes through formation of cross bridges. The shortening leads to reduction of length of muscle fiber and sarcomeres.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of inactivity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of muscle activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a muscle activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which an activity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal myofibril assembly
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A skeletal myofibril is a myofibril specific to skeletal muscle cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cross bridge cycling involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction
+
+ A process whereby cross bridges are broken and reformed during filament sliding as part of the regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of muscle inactivity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to muscle inactivity
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cross bridge formation involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby actin and myosin interact, split ATP and generate force during skeletal muscle contraction. This process is one of the components of the regulation of the force of skeletal muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell division
+
+ The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a myoblast into daughter cells. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+ response to muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle plasticity
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle activity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
+ response to fatigue
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ response to stimulus involved in regulation of muscle plasticity
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of muscle activity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+ detection of fatigue
+ biological_process
+ The series of events by which a muscle activity stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a injury. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
+ response to injury involved in regulation of muscle plasticity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muscle inactivity stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
+ biological_process
+ response to electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle plasticity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of electrical stimulus involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle filament sliding involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myofibril size
+
+
+ change of myofibril size
+ Any process that modulates the size of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myofibril number
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the number of myofibrils. A myofibril is the contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
+ change of myofibril number
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transition between fast and slow fiber
+
+ transition fast-slow fibre
+ biological_process
+ transition between fast and slow fibre
+ transition fast-slow fiber
+ The process of conversion of fast-contracting muscle fibers to a slower character. This may involve slowing of contractile rate, slow myosin gene induction, increase in oxidative metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of muscle inactivity involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+ The series of events in which a muscle inactivity stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of injury involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+ The series of events by which an injury stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. This occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
+ biological_process
+ detection of injury involved in regulation of muscle plasticity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transition between slow and fast fiber
+
+ transition slow-fast fiber
+ The process of conversion of slow-contracting muscle fibers to a faster character. This may involve increasing of contractile rate, fast myosin gene induction, increase in glycolytic metabolic properties, altered electrophysiology and altered innervation. This process also regulates skeletal muscle adapatation.
+ transition between slow and fast fibre
+ biological_process
+ transition slow-fast fibre
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle adaptation
+
+ The process by which cardiac muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors.
+ cardiac muscle plasticity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle adaptation
+
+ striated muscle plasticity
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which striated muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle atrophy
+
+ biological_process
+ A process, occurring in the muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
+ Wikipedia:Muscle_atrophy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle atrophy
+
+
+ A process, occurring in smooth muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle atrophy
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process, occurring in striated muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to rest involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rest stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a denervation stimulus. This process occurs as part of the regulation of muscle adaptation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle hypertrophy
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of its smooth muscle cells without cell division. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development, and can also occur in mature structures on demand. In the uterus, smooth muscle cells undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle hypertrophy
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Muscle_hypertrophy
+ The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in the size of its muscle cells. Physiological hypertrophy is a normal process during development (it stops in cardiac muscle after adolescence) and can also be brought on in response to demand. In athletes cardiac and skeletal muscles undergo hypertrophy stimulated by increasing muscle activity on exercise. Smooth muscle cells in the uterus undergo hypertrophy during pregnancy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle hypertrophy
+
+
+ The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of an organ due to an increase in size of muscle cells without cell division. In the case of striated muscle, this happens due to the additional synthesis of sarcomeric proteins and assembly of myofibrils.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle hypertrophy
+
+
+ The enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division. In the case of cardiac muscle cells this happens due to regular and increasing aerobic exercise.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle atrophy
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process, occurring in the heart, in which a decrease in cell mass and then in heart size occurs due to shrinking of the individual cells. The shrinkage is caused by protein degradation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle hyperplasia
+
+ A process, occurring in muscle, in which there is an increase in cell number by cell division, often leading to an increase in the size of an organ.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ satellite cell activation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that initiates satellite cell division by causing it to move from quiescence to the G1 stage of the cell cycle. The cell swells and there are a number of other small changes. The cells then start to divide. Following cell division the cells will differentiate. Satellite cells are quiescent cells that are located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of the muscle fiber, which are the main contributors to postnatal muscle growth. In adult muscle, satellite cells become activated to divide and differentiate in response to muscle damage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myotube differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myotube cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby non-proliferating myoblasts, after migrating to the site of injury, fuse into existing damaged fibers or fuse to myotubes to form new fibers, as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myotube cell development involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process aimed at the progression of a myotube cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. This occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myotube differentiation involved in skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. This process occurs as part of the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle cell migration
+
+ The orderly movement of smooth muscle cells from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of smooth muscle cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast maturation involved in muscle regeneration
+
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast cell to attain its fully functional state involved in muscle regeneration. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle filament sliding speed involved in regulation of the velocity of shortening in skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding, and consequently contributes to the regulation of the velocity of shortening of skeletal muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lung blood pressure
+
+ regulation of pulmonary blood pressure
+ The process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the lungs. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of diuresis by pressure natriuresis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which pressure natriuresis increases the rate of diuresis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natriuresis by pressure natriuresis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby pressure natriuresis increases rate of natriuresis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corrin metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.
+ biological_process
+ corrin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrahydrocorphin metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ tetrahydrocorphin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrocorphins, tetrapyrroles that combine the structural elements of both porphyrins and corrins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nickel-tetrapyrrole coenzyme metabolic process
+
+
+ nickel-tetrapyrrole coenzyme metabolism
+ biological_process
+ coenzyme F430 metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving an enzyme cofactor consisting of a tetrapyrrole structure containing nickel, such as the F-430 cofactor found in methyl-coenzyme M reductase.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating (alpha1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues; the former are a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic acid and L-iduronic acid; the L-iduronic acid is either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as being sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups; heparan sulfate chains are covalently linked to peptidyl-serine by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl to serine residues.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis
+ heparin proteoglycan biosynthetic process
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan formation
+ RESID:AA0210
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan anabolism
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, linkage to polypeptide
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, linkage to polypeptide
+ biological_process
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan formation, linkage to polypeptide
+ The polymerization of one or more heparan sulfate chains via a xylose link onto serine residues in the core protein of a proteoglycan.
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan anabolism, linkage to polypeptide
+ gosubset_prok
+ heparin proteoglycan biosynthetic process, linkage to polypeptide
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, linkage to polypeptide
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, linkage to polypeptide
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, polysaccharide chain synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan anabolism, polysaccharide chain anabolism
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan chain elongation
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharide chain component of heparan sulfate proteoglycan.
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain formation
+ heparin proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The modification, often by sulfation, of sugars incorporated into heparan sulfate after polymerization.
+ gosubset_prok
+ heparin proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification
+ biological_process
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, enzymatic modification
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, enzymatic modification
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan anabolism, enzymatic modification
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan formation, enzymatic modification
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, enzymatic modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cajal body
+
+ Wikipedia:Cajal_body
+ A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA.
+ cellular_component
+ coiled body
+ Gems
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein transport
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ enzyme transport
+ goslim_generic
+ The directed movement of proteins into, out of, within or between cells.
+ goslim_pir
+ GO:0015831
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ storage protein import into fat body
+
+ fat body metabolism (sensu Insecta)
+ The incorporation of hemolymph proteins by cells of the fat body of holometabolous insects, during the final larval stage. Uptake of these proteins prepares the insect for pupation and metamorphosis, since insect pupae do not feed and therefore depend on material that has been accumulated during larval life.
+ import of storage protein into fat body
+ storage protein import into fat body cells
+ fat body storage protein uptake
+ biological_process
+ fat body metabolic process (sensu Insecta)
+ storage protein import by fat body cells
+ storage protein uptake into fat body cells
+ storage protein transport into fat body cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methane monooxygenase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A protein complex that possesses methane monooxygenase activity; dimeric and trimeric complexes have been characterized.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA integration
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which a segment of DNA is incorporated into another, usually larger, DNA molecule such as a chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type II protein secretion system complex
+
+
+ MTB
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ general secretion pathway-associated complex
+ T2SS-associated complexes
+ Sec-dependent secretion system-associated complex
+ Note that the type II protein secretion system complex does not include components of the Sec or Tat pathways. For components of these pathways, consider annotating to 'cell envelope Sec complex ; GO:0031522' or 'TAT protein translocation system complex ; GO:0033281'.
+ main terminal branch
+ A large protein complex, containing 12-15 subunits, that spans the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria and mediates the movement of proteins into the extracellular environment. The complex includes a component in the cytoplasm, an inner membrane subcomplex that reaches into the periplasmic compartment and a secretion pore in the outer membrane. Proteins using the Type II pathway are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane by the Sec or Tat complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein secretion by the type II secretion system
+
+ protein secretion by the general secretion pathway [sensu Bacteria]
+ type II protein secretion system
+ gosubset_prok
+ Note that this term represents an activity and not a cellular structure. Consider also annotating to the cellular component term 'type II protein secretion system complex ; GO:0015627'. This process refers specifically to secretion across the outer membrane. For components of the Sec and Tat pathways, consider annotating to 'protein transport by the Sec complex ; GO:0043952' and 'protein transport by the Tat complex ; GO:0043953'. Note that this term is used for annotation of proteins that compose the secretion complex but not the proteins being secreted.
+ protein secretion by the T2SS
+ protein secretion by the general secretory pathway [sensu Bacteria]
+ biological_process
+ The process by which proteins are secreted across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria by the type II secretion system. Proteins using this pathway are first translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane via the Sec or Tat pathways.
+ protein secretion by the T2S
+ protein secretion by the type II protein secretion system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin cytoskeleton
+
+ The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule cytoskeleton
+
+ cellular_component
+ The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gas transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances that are gaseous in normal living conditions into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbon dioxide transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of carbon dioxide (CO2) into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxygen transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of oxygen (O2) into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monovalent inorganic cation transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of one into, out of, within or between cells. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
+ univalent inorganic cation transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ silver ion transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of silver (Ag) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ silver transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ di-, tri-valent inorganic cation transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of inorganic cations with a valency of two or three into, out of, within or between cells. Inorganic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nickel ion transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of nickel (Ni) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vanadium ion transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of vanadium (V) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ copper ion import
+
+
+ The directed movement of copper ions into a cell or organelle.
+ copper ion uptake
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high-affinity copper ion transport
+
+
+ The directed, high-affinity movement of copper (Cu) ions into, out of, within or between cells. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
+ high affinity copper ion transport
+ high affinity copper transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane copper ion transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of copper ions across the plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+ plasma membrane copper transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular copper ion transport
+
+
+ intracellular copper delivery
+ The directed movement of copper (Cu) ions within a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferric iron transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ ferric ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high-affinity ferric iron transport
+
+
+ The directed, high-affinity movement of ferric (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions into, out of, within or between cells. In high affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute even if it is only present at very low concentrations.
+ high affinity ferric iron transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferrous iron transport
+
+ ferrous ion transport
+ The directed movement of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferric-enterobactin transport
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of ferric-enterobactin into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferric triacetylfusarinine C transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of ferric triacetylfusarinine C into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferric-hydroxamate transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of ferric-hydroxamate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron chelate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of iron chelates into, out of, within or between cells. An iron chelate is a heterocyclic compound having a metal ion attached by coordinate bonds to at least two nonmetal ions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdate ion transport
+
+ The directed movement of molybdate (MoO4 2-) ions into, out of, within or between cells. Molybdate is the bivalent anion derived from molybdic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aluminum ion transport
+
+
+ aluminum transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of aluminum (Al) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ aluminium ion transport
+ aluminium transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cadmium ion transport
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of cadmium (Cd) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ cadmium transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lead ion transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of lead (Pb) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnesium ion transport
+
+
+ magnesium transport
+ The directed movement of magnesium (Mg) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mercury ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of mercury (Hg) ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ mercuric ion transport
+ biological_process
+ mercury transport
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organic cation transport
+
+ The directed movement of organic cations into, out of, within or between cells. Organic cations are atoms or small molecules with a positive charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ammonium transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of ammonium into, out of, within or between cells. Ammonium is the cation NH4+ which is formed from N2 by root-nodule bacteria in leguminous plants and is an excretory product in ammonotelic animals.
+ gosubset_prok
+ ammonia transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quaternary ammonium group transport
+
+
+ The directed movement into, out of, within or between cells of quaternary ammonium compounds, any compound that can be regarded as derived from ammonium hydroxide or an ammonium salt by replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of the NH4+ ion by organic groups.
+ biological_process
+ quaternary amine transport
+ GO:0015845
+ gosubset_prok
+ quaternary ammonium compound transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inorganic anion transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of inorganic anions into, out of, within or between cells. Inorganic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which do not contain carbon in covalent linkage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antimonite transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of antimonite into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arsenite transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of arsenite into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bicarbonate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of bicarbonate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorate transport
+
+ The directed movement of chlorate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromate transport
+
+ The directed movement of chromate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanate transport
+
+ The directed movement of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iodide transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of iodide into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrate transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of nitrate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0006872
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrite transport
+
+ The directed movement of nitrite into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ silicate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of silicates into, out of, within or between cells. Silicates are the salts of silicic acids, and are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiosulfate transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ thiosulphate transport
+ The directed movement of thiosulfate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tellurite transport
+
+ The directed movement of tellurite into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organic anion transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of organic anions into, out of, within or between cells. Organic anions are atoms or small molecules with a negative charge which contain carbon in covalent linkage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexose phosphate transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of hexose phosphate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoglycerate transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of phosphoglycerate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoenolpyruvate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of phosphoenolpyruvate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-sulfate transport
+
+ nucleotide-sulphate transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphonate transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of phosphonates into, out of, within or between cells. A phosphonate is any salt, anion, or ester of phosphonic acid (HPO(OH)2).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triose phosphate transport
+
+ The directed movement of triose phosphate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocarboxylic acid transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of monocarboxylic acids into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ allantoate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of allantoate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ allantoin/allantoate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ allantoin transport
+
+ allantoin/allantoate transport
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bile acid and bile salt transport
+
+ bile salt transport
+ bile acid transport
+ The directed movement of bile acid and bile salts into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ canalicular bile acid transport
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bilirubin transport
+
+ The directed movement of bilirubin into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formate transport
+
+ The directed movement of formate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gluconate transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of gluconate into, out of, within or between cells. Gluconate is the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-idonate transport
+
+ The directed movement of L-idonate into, out of, within or between cells. L-idonate is an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of lactate into, out of, within or between cells. Lactate is 2-hydroxypropanoate, CH3-CHOH-COOH; L(+)-lactate is formed by anaerobic glycolysis in animal tissues, and DL-lactate is found in sour milk, molasses and certain fruit juices.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mevalonate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of mevalonate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxaloacetate transport
+
+ The directed movement of oxaloacetate, the anion of oxobutanedioic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propionate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ propanoate transport
+ The directed movement of propionate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate transport
+
+ 3-hydroxyphenyl propionate transport
+ The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenyl propanoate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostaglandin transport
+
+ The directed movement of prostaglandins into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shikimate transport
+
+ The directed movement of shikimate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ taurine transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of taurine into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uronic acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of uronic acid into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexuronate transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of hexuronate into, out of, within or between cells. A hexuronate is any monocarboxylic acid derived from a hexose by oxidation of C-6.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galacturonate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of galacturonate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of glucuronate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sialic acid transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of sialic acid into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C4-dicarboxylate transport
+
+ The directed movement of C4-dicarboxylate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fumarate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of fumarate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-ketoglutarate transport
+
+ mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate/malate transport
+ 2-oxoglutarate transport
+ The directed movement of alpha-ketoglutarate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ malate transport
+
+ mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate/malate transport
+ The directed movement of malate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ succinate transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of succinate, the dianion of ethane dicarboxylic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tartrate transport
+
+ The directed movement of tartrate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ citrate transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of citrate, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboyxlate, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urate transport
+
+ The directed movement of urate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ uric acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organophosphate ester transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of organophosphate esters into, out of, within or between cells. Organophosphate esters are small organic molecules containing phosphate ester bonds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monosaccharide transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of monosaccharides into, out of, within or between cells. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates; they are polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms. They form the constitutional repeating units of oligo- and polysaccharides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentose transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of pentoses into, out of, within or between cells. A pentose is any aldose with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabinose transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of arabinose, a pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-ribose transport
+
+ The directed movement of D-ribose into, out of, within or between cells. As beta-D-ribofuranose, D-ribose forms the glycose moiety of all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids, and also of ribose phosphates, various glycosides, some coenzymes and some forms of vitamin B12.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-xylose transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of D-xylose into, out of, within or between cells. D-xylose (the naturally occurring enantiomer is always D-) is a constituent of plant polysaccharides.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ allose transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of allose into, out of, within or between cells. Allose is an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructose transport
+
+ The directed movement of fructose into, out of, within or between cells. Fructose exists in a open chain form or as a ring compound. D-fructose is the sweetest of the sugars and is found free in a large number of fruits and honey.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fucose transport
+
+ The directed movement of fucose into, out of, within or between cells. Fucose is 6-deoxygalactose and has two enantiomers, D-fucose and L-fucose.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactose transport
+
+ The directed movement of galactose into, out of, within or between cells. D-galactose is widely distributed in combined form in plants, animals and microorganisms as a constituent of oligo- and polysaccharides; it also occurs in galactolipids and as its glucoside in lactose and melibiose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose transport
+
+ The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-glucoside transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of beta-glucosides into, out of, within or between cells. Beta-glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar moiety is a glucose residue, and the anomeric carbon of the bond is in a beta configuration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose-6-phosphate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of glucose-6-phosphate into, out of, within or between cells. Glucose-6-phosphate is a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannose transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of mannose into, out of, within or between cells. Mannose is the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose. The D-(+)-form is widely distributed in mannans and hemicelluloses and is of major importance in the core oligosaccharide of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnose transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of rhamnose into, out of, within or between cells. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acetylgalactosamine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of N-acetylgalactosamine into, out of, within or between cells. N-acetylgalactosamine, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose, is the n-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acetylglucosamine transport
+
+ The directed movement of N-acetylglucosamine into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylgalactoside transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of methylgalactoside into, out of, within or between cells. Methylgalactoside is a compound in which the H of the OH group on carbon-1 of galactose is replaced by a methyl group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disaccharide transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of disaccharides into, out of, within or between cells. Disaccharides are sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactose transport
+
+ The directed movement of lactose into, out of, within or between cells. Lactose is a disaccharide 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, and constitutes roughly 5% of the milk in almost all mammals.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maltose transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of maltose into, out of, within or between cells. Maltose is the disaccharide 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucopyranose, an intermediate in the catabolism of glycogen and starch.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melibiose transport
+
+ The directed movement of melibiose into, out of, within or between cells. Melibiose is the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sucrose transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of sucrose into, out of, within or between cells. Sucrose is the disaccharide fructofuranosyl-glucopyranoside.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trehalose transport
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of trehalose into, out of, within or between cells. Trehalose is a disaccharide isomeric with sucrose and obtained from certain lichens and fungi.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligosaccharide transport
+
+ The directed movement of oligosaccharides into, out of, within or between cells. Oligosaccharides are molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ raffinose transport
+
+ The directed movement of raffinose into, out of, within or between cells. Raffinose occurs in plants almost as commonly as sucrose and is present in cereal grains, cotton seeds, and many legumes. It is synthesized from sucrose by transfer of a galactopyranoside from myo-inositol.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polysaccharide transport
+
+ The directed movement of polysaccharides into, out of, within or between cells. A polysaccharide is a polymer of more than about 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-glucan transport
+
+ The directed movement of beta-glucans into, out of, within or between cells. Beta-glucans are compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-glucosidic bonds.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ capsular polysaccharide transport
+
+ The directed movement of capsular polysaccharides into, out of, within or between cells. Capsular polysaccharides make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ capsular-polysaccharide transport
+ capsule polysaccharide transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ teichoic acid transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of teichoic acid into, out of, within or between cells. Teichoic acid is any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexuronide transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of hexuronide into, out of, within or between cells. Hexuronides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of a hexuronate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronoside transport
+
+ The directed movement of glucuronosides into, out of, within or between cells. Glucuronosides are any compound formed by combination of glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound (e.g. an alcohol or a saccharide) with the anomeric carbon atom of glucuronate.
+ biological_process
+ glucuronide transport
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-sugar transport
+
+ The directed movement of nucleotide-sugars into, out of, within or between cells. Nucleotide-sugars are any nucleotide in which the distal phosphoric residue of a nucleoside 5'-diphosphate is in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleotide-sugar transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars into, out of, within or between cells. Pyrimidine nucleotide-sugars are pyrimidine nucleotides in glycosidic linkage with a monosaccharide or monosaccharide derivative.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CMP-sialic acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of CMP-sialic acid into, out of, within or between cells. CMP-sialic acid is a substance composed of sialic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-fucose transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of GDP-fucose into, out of, within or between cells. GDP-fucose is a substance composed of fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-mannose transport
+
+ The directed movement of GDP-mannose into, out of, within or between cells. GDP-mannose is a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-galactose transport
+
+ The directed movement of UDP-galactose into, out of, within or between cells. UDP-galactose is a substance composed of galactose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-glucose transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of UDP-glucose into, out of, within or between cells. UDP-glucose is a substance composed of glucose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-glucuronic acid transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of UDP-glucuronic acid into, out of, within or between cells. UDP-glucuronic acid is a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into, out of, within or between cells. N-acetylglucosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylglucosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine transport
+
+ The directed movement of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine into, out of, within or between cells. UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine is a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-xylose transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of UDP-xylose into, out of, within or between cells. UDP-xylose is a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyol transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of polyols, any polyhydric alcohol, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabinitol transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of arabitol into, out of, within or between cells. Arabitol is the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of glycerol into, out of, within or between cells. Glycerol is 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol-3-phosphate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of glycerol-3-phosphate into, out of, within or between cells. Glycerol-3-phosphate is a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorbitol transport
+
+ The directed movement of sorbitol into, out of, within or between cells. Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of glucose.
+ biological_process
+ glucitol transport
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactitol transport
+
+ The directed movement of galactitol into, out of, within or between cells. Galactitol is the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannitol transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of mannitol into, out of, within or between cells. Mannitol is the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myo-inositol transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin Bh transport
+ The directed movement of myo-inositol into, out of, within or between cells. Myo-inositol is 1,2,3,4,5/4,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propanediol transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of propanediol into, out of, within or between cells. Propanediol is a sweet colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze and in brake fluid; it is also as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items, although it can be absorbed through the skin with harmful effects.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acidic amino acid transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of acidic amino acids, amino acids with a pH below 7, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aromatic amino acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of aromatic amino acids, amino acids with aromatic ring, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basic amino acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of basic amino acids, amino acids with a pH above 7, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branched-chain aliphatic amino acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of branched-chain aliphatic amino acids, amino acids with branched carbon skeleton without rings, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutral amino acid transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-adenosylmethionine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ S-adenosyl methionine transport
+ The directed movement of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-methylmethionine transport
+
+ The directed movement of S-methylmethionine into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-amino acid transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of L-enantiomer amino acids into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-alanine transport
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of arginine, 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-arginine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aspartate transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of aspartate, the anion of aspartic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ L-aspartate transport
+ mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-cystine transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of L-cystine (also known as dicysteine) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid transport
+
+ biological_process
+ 4-aminobutyrate transport
+ GABA transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ See also the biological process term 'neurotransmitter transport ; GO:0006836'.
+ 4-aminobutanoate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-glutamate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L enantiomer anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate, the anion of p-aminobenzoyl-glutamic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of glycine, aminoethanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine transport
+
+ The directed movement of histidine, 2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ L-histidine transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoleucine transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of isoleucine, (2R*,3R*)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-isoleucine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine transport
+
+ L-lysine transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucine transport
+
+ The directed movement of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ L-leucine transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ L-methionine transport
+ The directed movement of methionine, 2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ornithine transport
+
+ L-ornithine transport
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of ornithine, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylalanine transport
+
+ L-phenylalanine transport
+ The directed movement of phenylalanine, 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proline transport
+
+ The directed movement of proline, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ L-proline transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-serine transport
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of L-serine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ threonine transport
+
+ L-threonine transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of threonine, (2R*,3S*)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tryptophan transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of tryptophan, 2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ L-tryptophan transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine transport
+
+ L-tyrosine transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of tyrosine, 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ valine transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of valine, 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ L-valine transport
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diaminopimelate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of diaminopimelate, the anion of 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan peptide transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of peptidoglycan peptides into, out of, within or between cells. Peptidoglycan peptides are the oligopeptides found in peptidoglycan networks which cross-link the polysaccharide chains.
+ muropeptide transport
+ murein peptide transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan transport
+
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of peptidoglycans, a class of glycoconjugates found in bacterial cell walls, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ murein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid-linked peptidoglycan transport
+
+ lipid-linked murein transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of amines, including polyamines, organic compounds containing one or more amino groups, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ goslim_pir
+ amine/polyamine transport
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ betaine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of betaine, the N-trimethyl derivative of an amino acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cadaverine transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of cadaverine, 1,5-pentanediamine, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urea transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement into, out of or within the cell of urea, the water-soluble compound H2N-CO-NH2, produced in the liver via the ornithine-urea cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromaffin granule amine transport
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle amine transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of amines into, out of or within synaptic vesicles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylammonium transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of methylammonium into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoamine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of monoamines, organic compounds that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by an ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-), into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0015873
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyamine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of polyamines, organic compounds containing two or more amino groups, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ putrescine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of putrescine into, out of, within or between cells. Putrescine is 1,4-diaminobutane, the polyamine formed by decarboxylation of ornithine and the metabolic precursor of spermidine and spermine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermidine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane, a polyamine formed by the transfer of a propylamine group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to putrescine, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organic acid transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organic alcohol transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of organic alcohols into, out of, within or between cells. An organic alcohol is any carbon-containing compound containing a hydroxyl group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase transport
+
+ The directed movement of a nucleobase, any nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleoside, nucleotide, or nucleic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenine transport
+
+ The directed movement of adenine, 6-aminopurine, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine transport
+
+ The directed movement of pyrimidines, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uracil transport
+
+ The directed movement of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular nucleoside transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of a nucleoside, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose, (a deoxyribonucleotide), within a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a purine nucleoside, a purine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytidine transport
+
+ The directed movement of cytidine, cytosine riboside, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uridine transport
+
+ The directed movement of uridine, uracil riboside, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthosine transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of xanthosine, xanthine riboside, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside transport
+
+ The directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside, a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleotide transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a purine nucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine nucleoside esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ADP transport
+
+ The directed movement of ADP, adenosine diphosphate, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of ATP, adenosine triphosphate, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleotide transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a purine ribonucleotide, any compound consisting of a purine ribonucleoside (a purine organic base attached to a ribose sugar) esterified with (ortho)phosphate, into, out of or within a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-DNA complex transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of protein-DNA complexes into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ DNA-protein complex transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetylcholine transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of acetylcholine into, out of, within or between cells. Acetylcholine is an acetic acid ester of the organic base choline and functions as a neurotransmitter, released at the synapses of parasympathetic nerves and at neuromuscular junctions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ choline transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of choline into, out of, within or between cells. Choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dopamine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of dopamine into, out of, within or between cells. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ norepinephrine transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of norepinephrine into, out of, within or between cells. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
+ biological_process
+ noradrenaline transport
+ levarterenol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetyl-CoA transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of acetyl-CoA into, out of, within or between cells. Acetyl-CoA is a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated; it is a metabolite derived from several pathways (e.g. glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, amino-acid catabolism) and is further metabolized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is a key intermediate in lipid and terpenoid biosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biopterin transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of biopterin into, out of, within or between cells. Biopterin is a growth factor for certain protozoans and some insects; it is widely distributed in tissues and functions in a reduced form, tetrahydrobiopterin, as a hydroxylation coenzyme.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biotin transport
+
+ biological_process
+ vitamin B7 transport
+ vitamin H transport
+ The directed movement of biotin into, out of, within or between cells. Biotin is cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid; the (+) enantiomer is very widely distributed in cells and serves as a carrier in a number of enzymatic beta-carboxylation reactions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carnitine transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of carnitine into, out of, within or between cells. Carnitine is a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin Bt transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme A transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of coenzyme A into, out of, within or between cells. Coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, is an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ creatine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of creatine into, out of, within or between cells. Creatine is a compound synthesized from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine that occurs in muscle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-ascorbic acid transport
+
+ biological_process
+ L-ascorbate transport
+ vitamin C transport
+ The directed movement of L-ascorbic acid into, out of, within or between cells. L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FAD transport
+
+ The directed movement of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) into, out of, within or between cells. FAD forms the coenzyme of the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in which it functions as an electron acceptor by being reversibly converted to its reduced form.
+ flavin adenine dinucleotide transport
+ flavin-adenine dinucleotide transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ folic acid transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ folate transport
+ vitamin B9 transport
+ vitamin M transport
+ The directed movement of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) into, out of, within or between cells. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 5-formyltetrahydrofolate transport
+
+ The directed movement of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, the formylated derivative of tetrahydrofolate, into, out of, within, or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ haem transport
+ The directed movement of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pantothenate transport
+
+ vitamin B5 transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of pantothenate into, out of, within or between cells. Pantothenate is the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid; it is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin transport
+
+ The directed movement of thiamin into, out of, within or between cells. Thiamin is vitamin B1, a water soluble vitamin present in fresh vegetables and meats, especially liver.
+ biological_process
+ vitamin B1 transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ thiamine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cobalamin transport
+
+ The directed movement of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom, into, out of or within a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ vitamin B12 transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinamide mononucleotide transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of nicotinamide mononucleotide into, out of, within or between cells. Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a ribonucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-n-glycosidic linkage with the c-1 position of D-ribose. It is a constituent of NAD and NADP.
+ nicotinamide ribonucleotide transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ siderophore transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ The directed movement of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ siderochrome transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ siderophore-iron transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron-siderophore transport
+ The directed movement of iron-siderophores into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ iron-siderochrome transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ drug transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acriflavine transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ acriflavin transport
+ The directed movement of acriflavine into, out of, within or between cells. Acriflavine is a fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkane transport
+
+ The directed movement of alkanes into, out of, within or between cells. Alkanes are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nalidixic acid transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of nalidixic acid into, out of, within or between cells. Nalidixic acid is a synthetic antibiotic that interferes with DNA gyrase and inhibits prokaryotic replication.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organomercurial transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of organomercurial compounds into, out of, within or between cells. Organomercurial substances are any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amiloride transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement amiloride into, out of, within or between cells. Amiloride is a potent and specific inhibitor of sodium ion entry into cells. It is used as a potassium-sparing diuretic.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aminotriazole transport
+
+ The directed movement of aminotriazole into, out of, within or between cells. Aminotriazole is an effective weed killer that also possesses some antithyroid activity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ benomyl transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of benomyl into, out of, within or between cells. Benomyl, methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, is a systemic agricultural fungicide used for control of certain fungal diseases of stone fruit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cycloheximide transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of cycloheximide into, out of, within or between cells. Cycloheximide is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone into, out of, within or between cells. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone is a proton ionophore, commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.
+ CCCP transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fluconazole transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of fluconazole into, out of, within or between cells. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used for oral candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis; it is still under study for treatment of vaginal candidiasis and other fungal infections.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetracycline transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of tetracycline into, out of, within or between cells. Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
+ biological_process
+ tetracyclin transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bicyclomycin transport
+
+ The directed movement of bicyclomycin into, out of, within or between cells. Bicyclomycin (or bicozamycin) is an antibacterial drug often used as a livestock feed additive.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfathiazole transport
+
+ sulphathiazole transport
+ The directed movement of sulfathiazole into, out of, within or between cells. Sulfathiazole is an antibacterial agent of the sulfonamide group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of fatty acids into, out of, within or between cells. Fatty acids are aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long-chain fatty acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into, out of, within or between cells. A long-chain fatty acid is an aliphatic compound with a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length greater than C12.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisomal long-chain fatty acid import
+
+ peroxisomal long-chain fatty acid uptake
+ The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids into a peroxisome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ short-chain fatty acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into, out of, within or between cells. Short-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with a chain length of less than 8 carbons.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ short-chain fatty acid import
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of short-chain fatty acids into a cell or organelle. Short-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with a chain length of less than 8 carbons.
+ short-chain fatty acid uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipid transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of, within or between cells. Phospholipids are any lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acyl transport
+
+ The directed movement of fatty acyl groups into, out of, within or between cells. A fatty acyl group is any acyl group derived from a fatty acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acyl coenzyme A transport
+
+ The directed movement of fatty acyl coenzyme A into, out of, within or between cells. Fatty acyl coenzyme A is an acyl group linked to 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine (coenzyme A).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aminophospholipid transport
+
+ The directed movement of aminophospholipids into, out of, within or between cells. Aminophospholipids contain phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester and an amino (NH2) group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol transport
+
+ The directed movement of sterols into, out of, within or between cells. Sterols are steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisomal membrane transport
+
+ The directed movement of substances to, from or across the peroxisomal membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipopolysaccharide transport
+
+ The directed movement of lipopolysaccharides into, out of, within or between cells. A lipopolysaccharide is any of a group of related, structurally complex components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharides consist three covalently linked regions, lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and an O side chain. Lipid A is responsible for the toxicity of the lipopolysaccharide.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ LPS transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipopolysaccharide export
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of lipopolysaccharides out of a cell or organelle.
+ LPS export
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ large ribosomal subunit
+
+ cellular_component
+ ribosomal large subunit
+ gosubset_prok
+ The larger of the two subunits of a ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ small ribosomal subunit
+
+ ribosomal small subunit
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ The smaller of the two subunits of a ribosome.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme A metabolic process
+
+ GO:0006763
+ biological_process
+ coenzyme A metabolism
+ CoA metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme A biosynthetic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4221
+ coenzyme A formation
+ CoA biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
+ coenzyme A biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:COA-PWY
+ coenzyme A synthesis
+ coenzyme A anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PANTOSYN-PWY
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0006764
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme A catabolic process
+
+
+ GO:0006765
+ coenzyme A catabolism
+ coenzyme A degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ CoA catabolism
+ coenzyme A breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coenzyme A, 3'-phosphoadenosine-(5')diphospho(4')pantatheine, an acyl carrier in many acylation and acyl-transfer reactions in which the intermediate is a thiol ester.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pantothenate metabolic process
+
+ GO:0006770
+ vitamin B5 metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
+ pantothenate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ vitamin B5 metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pantothenate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pantothenate synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4221
+ pantothenate formation
+ biological_process
+ vitamin B5 biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
+ gosubset_prok
+ pantothenate anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PANTOSYN-PWY
+ vitamin B5 biosynthesis
+ pantothenate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pantothenate catabolic process
+
+
+ vitamin B5 catabolic process
+ vitamin B5 catabolism
+ pantothenate degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid. It is a B complex vitamin that is a constituent of coenzyme A and is distributed ubiquitously in foods.
+ pantothenate catabolism
+ pantothenate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
+ formate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ formate anabolism
+ formic acid biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
+ formic acid biosynthetic process
+ formate biosynthesis
+ formate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ formate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formate oxidation
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1881
+ The chemical reactions and pathways by which formate is converted to CO2.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ formic acid oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methanol metabolic process
+
+
+ methanol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methanol oxidation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:CO2FORM-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of methanol to methyl-Coenzyme M.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methane metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.
+ gosubset_prok
+ methane metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methanogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Methanogenesis
+ methane biosynthesis
+ goslim_pir
+ methane biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:meth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide interconversion
+
+ MetaCyc:P1-PWY
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleotide interconversion
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleotide interconversion
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleotide interconversion
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleotide interconversion
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleotide interconversion
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotide interconversion
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate, a compound formed of two nucleosides joined together through their 5' carbons by a chain of phosphate molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate, a compound formed of two nucleosides joined together through their 5' carbons by a chain of phosphate molecules.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate anabolism
+ bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate biosynthesis
+ bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate degradation
+ bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bis(5'-nucleosidyl) oligophosphate, a compound formed of two nucleosides joined together through their 5' carbons by a chain of phosphate molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diadenosine polyphosphate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.
+ biological_process
+ diadenosine polyphosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diadenosine polyphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ diadenosine polyphosphate anabolism
+ diadenosine polyphosphate formation
+ diadenosine polyphosphate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.
+ diadenosine polyphosphate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diadenosine polyphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine polyphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with phosphate groups attached.
+ diadenosine polyphosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ diadenosine polyphosphate degradation
+ diadenosine polyphosphate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diadenosine triphosphate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.
+ diadenosine triphosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diadenosine triphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ diadenosine triphosphate formation
+ diadenosine triphosphate anabolism
+ diadenosine triphosphate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.
+ gosubset_prok
+ diadenosine triphosphate synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diadenosine triphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ diadenosine triphosphate degradation
+ biological_process
+ diadenosine triphosphate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine triphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with three phosphate groups attached.
+ diadenosine triphosphate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diadenosine tetraphosphate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ diadenosine tetraphosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ diadenosine tetraphosphate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ diadenosine tetraphosphate formation
+ diadenosine tetraphosphate biosynthesis
+ diadenosine tetraphosphate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diadenosine tetraphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ diadenosine tetraphosphate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diadenosine tetraphosphate, a derivative of the nucleoside adenosine with four phosphate groups attached.
+ biological_process
+ diadenosine tetraphosphate catabolism
+ diadenosine tetraphosphate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stringent response
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Stringent_response
+ A specific global change in the metabolism of a bacterial cell (the downregulation of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and the simultaneous upregulation of protein degradation and amino acid synthesis) as a result of starvation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process
+
+ guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') metabolic process
+ guanosine tetraphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.
+ MetaCyc:PPGPPMET-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') biosynthesis
+ guanosine tetraphosphate formation
+ guanosine tetraphosphate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.
+ guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') biosynthetic process
+ guanosine tetraphosphate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ guanosine tetraphosphate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanosine tetraphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') catabolism
+ guanosine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3') catabolic process
+ guanosine tetraphosphate degradation
+ guanosine tetraphosphate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine tetraphosphate (5'-ppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with four phosphates.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ guanosine tetraphosphate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanosine pentaphosphate metabolic process
+
+ guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') metabolic process
+ guanosine pentaphosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with five phosphates.
+ guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanosine pentaphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with five phosphates.
+ guanosine pentaphosphate formation
+ guanosine pentaphosphate synthesis
+ guanosine pentaphosphate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') biosynthesis
+ guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') biosynthetic process
+ guanosine pentaphosphate anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanosine pentaphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') catabolic process
+ guanosine pentaphosphate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ guanosine pentaphosphate breakdown
+ guanosine pentaphosphate catabolism
+ guanosine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3') catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine pentaphosphate (5'-pppGpp-3'), a derivative of guanine riboside with five phosphates.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy derivation by oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds
+
+ lithotrophy
+ Wikipedia:Lithotrophy
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ chemolithotrophy
+ chemolithotrophie
+ The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from inorganic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbon utilization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbon utilization by fixation of carbon dioxide
+
+ Wikipedia:Autotrophy
+ autotrophic CO2 fixation pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ autotrophic CO2 fixation
+ autotrophy
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which inorganic carbon (usually carbon dioxide) is incorporated into organic compounds (usually carbohydrates).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbon utilization by utilization of organic compounds
+
+ heterotrophy
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Heterotroph
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthesis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide (CO2) using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds.
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Photosynthesis
+ goslim_plant
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways by which a cell derives energy from organic compounds; results in the oxidation of the compounds from which energy is released.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ chemoorganotrophy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy coupled proton transport, down electrochemical gradient
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that provides energy for the synthesis of ATP or GTP.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GTP synthesis coupled proton transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The transport of protons across a membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers GTP synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy coupled proton transport, against electrochemical gradient
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from a source such as ATP hydrolysis, light, or electron transport.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light-driven proton transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from light.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electron transport coupled proton transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from electron transport.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transport of protons against an electrochemical gradient, using energy from ATP hydrolysis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton transport
+
+
+ Reactome:274103
+ Reactome:167827
+ Reactome:274190
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:280577
+ Reactome:221669
+ Reactome:230384
+ Reactome:238295
+ Reactome:211905
+ Reactome:166187
+ hydrogen ion transport
+ passive proton transport, down the electrochemical gradient
+ Reactome:212050
+ The directed movement of protons (hydrogen ions) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ Reactome:238424
+ Reactome:230259
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:280662
+ Reactome:221813
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molecular hydrogen transport
+
+ The directed movement of molecular hydrogen (H2) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorophyll metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ chlorophyll metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorophyll biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:CHLOROPHYLL-SYN
+ biological_process
+ chlorophyll biosynthesis
+ chlorophyll formation
+ chlorophyll synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, from less complex precursors.
+ chlorophyll anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorophyll catabolic process
+
+
+
+ chlorophyll breakdown
+ chlorophyll degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ chlorophyll catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment, into less complex products.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Nebenkern
+
+ cellular_component
+ A product of the fusion of the mitochondria during spermatogenesis. After the completion of meiosis the mitochondria of the spermatid collect along side the nucleus and fuse into two masses; these wrap around each other to produce the spherical Nebenkern. During flagellum elongation the Nebenkern unfolds and the two derivatives (major and minor mitochondrial derivatives) elongate down the axoneme.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial derivative
+
+ The major and minor mitochondrial derivatives are the mitochondria of the sperm tail and derive by the unfolding of the Nebenkern during flagellum elongation.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ major mitochondrial derivative
+
+ cellular_component
+ The larger of the two mitochondrial derivatives that arise by the unfolding of the Nebenkern during flagellum elongation; the major mitochondrial derivative is ovoid and darker than the minor derivative.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ minor mitochondrial derivative
+
+ cellular_component
+ The smaller of the two mitochondrial derivatives that arise by the unfolding of the Nebenkern during flagellum elongation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
+
+
+ DGC
+ goslim_pir
+ dystrophin glycoprotein complex
+ cellular_component
+ A multiprotein complex that forms a strong mechanical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined to, muscle cells. The complex is composed of transmembrane, cytoplasmic, and extracellular proteins, including dystrophin, sarcoglycans, dystroglycan, dystrobrevins, syntrophins, sarcospan, caveolin-3, and NO synthase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dystroglycan complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that includes alpha- and beta-dystroglycan, which are alternative products of the same gene; the laminin-binding component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, providing a link between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton (in muscle cells) and the extracellular matrix. Alpha-dystroglycan is an extracellular protein binding to alpha-laminin and to beta-dystroglycan; beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein which binds alpha-dystroglycan and dystrophin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcoglycan complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex formed of four sarcoglycans plus sarcospan; there are six known sarcoglycans: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-sarcoglycan; all are N-glycosylated single-pass transmembrane proteins. The sarcoglycan-sarcospan complex is a subcomplex of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, and is fixed to the dystrophin axis by a lateral association with the dystroglycan complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ syntrophin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that includes alpha-, beta1-, beta2-syntrophins and syntrophin-like proteins; the syntrophin complex binds to the second half of the carboxy-terminal domain of dystrophin; also associates with neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
+ nitric oxide synthase-dystrophin complex, skeletal muscle
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dystrobrevin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex comprising alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin; forms part of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane
+
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_goa
+ goslim_plant
+ gosubset_prok
+ Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Biological_membrane
+ goslim_yeast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to membrane
+
+ transmembrane
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Transmembrane_protein
+ gosubset_prok
+ Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle
+
+
+
+ goslim_candida
+ cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_yeast
+ cytoplasmic membrane bounded vesicle
+ goslim_generic
+ A membrane-bounded vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ CDP-diacylglycerol anabolism
+ CDP-diacylglycerol biosynthesis
+ CDP-diacylglycerol synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ CDP-diacylglycerol formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inaD signaling complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inaD signalling complex
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of proteins that are involved in phototransduction and attached to the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. The protein connections are mediated through inaD.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhabdomere
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The specialized microvillar organelle on the apical surfaces of a photoreceptor cell containing the visual pigment rhodopsin and most of the proteins involved in phototransduction.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subrhabdomeral cisterna
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ submicrovillar cisterna
+ A membrane-bounded compartment that is found at the base of the rhabdomere and contains stored calcium, InsP3 receptors and smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.
+ cellular_component
+ SMC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic tRNA import into mitochondrion
+
+
+ cytoplasmic tRNA transport into mitochondrion
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of cytoplasmic tRNA into a mitochondrion.
+ mitochondrial import of cytoplasmic tRNA
+ cytoplasmic tRNA, mitochondrial import
+ cytoplasmic tRNA import into mitochondria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral reproduction
+
+ Wikipedia:Viral_life_cycle
+ Reactome:162587
+ The process by which a virus reproduces. Usually, this is by infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
+ viral life cycle
+ virulence
+ viral replication cycle
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_generic
+ See also the biological process terms 'viral infectious cycle ; GO:0019058' and 'lysogeny ; GO:0030069'.
+ viral infection
+ Reactome:162906
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:168255
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zeta DNA polymerase complex
+
+
+ A heterodimeric DNA polymerase complex that catalyzes error-prone DNA synthesis in contexts such as translesion synthesis and double-stranded break repair. First characterized in Saccharomyces, in which the subunits are Rev3p and Rev7p; a third protein, Rev1p, is often associated with the polymerase dimer.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to phosphate starvation
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of phosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ absorption of light
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The reception of a photon by a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ absorption of visible light
+
+ The reception of a (visible light) photon by a cell, visible light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 380-780 nm.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ absorption of UV light
+
+ The reception of a (UV light) photon by a cell, UV light being defined as having a wavelength within the range 13.6-400 nm.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid catabolic process
+
+
+ lipid degradation
+ lipid catabolism
+ lipolysis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent.
+ GO:0006724
+ Wikipedia:Lipid_catabolism
+ lipid breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular component organization
+
+ cell organization and biogenesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell organisation and biogenesis
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular component biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane organization
+
+ membrane organization and biogenesis
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_candida
+ gosubset_prok
+ membrane organisation and biogenesis
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of bacterium
+
+
+
+ perception of bacterium
+ GO:0009598
+ detection of bacteria
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a bacterium is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of bacteria
+ GO:0009681
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of fungus
+
+
+
+ GO:0009599
+ perception of fungi
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a fungus is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+ detection of fungi
+ perception of fungus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of parasitic fungus
+
+
+ detection of parasitic fungi
+ perception of parasitic fungus
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a parasitic fungus (a fungus which spends all or part of its life in or on another organism from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection) is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+ perception of parasitic fungi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of temperature stimulus
+
+
+
+ detection of thermal stimulus
+ detection of temperature
+ The series of events in which a temperature stimulus (hot or cold) is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of temperature
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell expansion
+ metabolic process resulting in cell growth
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_generic
+ cellular growth
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
+ growth of cell
+ metabolism resulting in cell growth
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle organization
+
+ biological_process
+ vesicle organization and biogenesis
+ goslim_pir
+ vesicle organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbohydrate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ carbohydrate formation
+ anabolic carbohydrate metabolism
+ carbohydrate synthesis
+ carbohydrate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
+ anabolic carbohydrate metabolic process
+ GO:0006093
+ biological_process
+ carbohydrate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbohydrate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ carbohydrate degradation
+ GO:0006095
+ catabolic carbohydrate metabolic process
+ carbohydrate catabolism
+ carbohydrate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
+ gosubset_prok
+ catabolic carbohydrate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
+ organic acid anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ organic acid formation
+ organic acid synthesis
+ organic acid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ organic acid catabolism
+ organic acid breakdown
+ organic acid degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic acids, any acidic compound containing carbon in covalent linkage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+
+ frizzled signaling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.
+ Wnt receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ GO:0007222
+ frizzled signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhodopsin mediated signaling pathway
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of excitation of rhodopsin by a photon.
+ rhodopsin mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ changes in polarization state of photoreceptor cell membrane
+ Hyperpolarization (vertebrates) or depolarization (invertebrates) of the photoreceptor cell membrane via closing/opening of cation specific channels as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of membrane potential in photoreceptor cell by rhodopsin mediated signaling
+
+ biological_process
+ Maintenance of the excited state of a photoreceptor cell to produce a steady state current as a result of signals generated by rhodopsin activation by a photon.
+ maintenance of rhodopsin mediated signaling
+ maintenance of rhodopsin mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of restoring the photoreceptor cell to its unexcited state after termination of the stimulus (photon).
+ deactivation of rhodopsin mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metarhodopsin inactivation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which metarhodopsin is prevented from generating molecular signals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of light-activated channel activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which the visual system can modulate its sensitivity and response to light stimuli (that might vary over more than 6 magnitudes in intensity) without response saturation.
+ biological_process
+ adaptation of rhodopsin mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhodopsin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.
+ rhodopsin formation
+ rhodopsin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ rhodopsin biosynthesis
+ rhodopsin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin mediated immune response
+
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was renamed and redefined.
+ An immune response mediated by immunoglobulins, whether cell-bound or in solution.
+ antibody-mediated immune response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type I hypersensitivity
+
+
+ Note that localized and systemic anaphylaxis is usually a result of type I hypersensitivity.
+ An inflammatory response driven by antigen recognition by antibodies bound to Fc receptors on mast cells or basophils, occurring within minutes after exposure of a sensitized individual to the antigen, and leading to the release of a variety of inflammatory mediators such as histamines.
+ immediate hypersensitivity response
+ Wikipedia:Type_I_hypersensitivity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RNA metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_candida
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pombe
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mRNA, messenger RNA, which is responsible for carrying the coded genetic 'message', transcribed from DNA, to sites of protein assembly at the ribosomes.
+ mRNA metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.
+ rRNA metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving snRNA, small nuclear RNA, any of various low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
+ biological_process
+ snRNA metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snoRNA metabolic process
+
+ snoRNA metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. They participate in the processing or modifications of many RNAs, mostly ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) though snoRNAs are also known to target other classes of RNA, including spliceosomal RNAs, tRNAs, and mRNAs via a stretch of sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the targeted RNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA catabolic process
+
+
+ rRNA catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ rRNA degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rRNA, ribosomal RNA, a structural constituent of ribosomes.
+ rRNA breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA catabolic process
+
+
+ snRNA breakdown
+ snRNA catabolism
+ snRNA degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snRNA, small nuclear RNA, low-molecular-mass RNA molecules found in the eukaryotic nucleus as components of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snoRNA catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of snoRNA, small nucleolar RNA, any of a class of small RNAs that are associated with the eukaryotic nucleus as components of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins.
+ snoRNA catabolism
+ snoRNA degradation
+ biological_process
+ snoRNA breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA catabolic process
+
+
+ tRNA degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tRNA, transfer RNA, a class of relatively small RNA molecules responsible for mediating the insertion of amino acids into the sequence of nascent polypeptide chains during protein synthesis.
+ tRNA catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ tRNA breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle targeting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which synaptic vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle docking during exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The initial attachment of a synaptic vesicle membrane to the presynaptic membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the synaptic vesicle and the target membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle priming
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of SNARE-containing complexes, bringing synaptic vesicle membrane and plasma membranes into close proximity and thereby facilitating membrane fusion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prenol metabolic process
+
+ prenol metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prenol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ prenol anabolism
+ prenol formation
+ biological_process
+ prenol biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ prenol synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prenol catabolic process
+
+
+ prenol catabolism
+ biological_process
+ prenol degradation
+ prenol breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenols, isoprenoids of general formula (H-CH2-C(CH3)=CH-CH2-)n-OH, any primary monohydroxy alcohol whose carbon skeleton consists of two or more isoprenoid residues linked head to tail.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyprenol metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ polyprenol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyprenol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ polyprenol synthesis
+ polyprenol biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.
+ polyprenol anabolism
+ polyprenol formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyprenol catabolic process
+
+
+ polyprenol breakdown
+ polyprenol degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyprenols, prenols with more than 4 isoprenoid residues, which may be all-trans, or a mixture of cis and trans.
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyprenol catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoterpenoid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.
+ monoterpenoid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoterpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ monoterpenoid synthesis
+ monoterpenoid anabolism
+ monoterpenoid formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3041
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.
+ biological_process
+ monoterpenoid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoterpenoid catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenoid compounds, terpenoids having a C10 skeleton.
+ monoterpenoid degradation
+ monoterpenoid breakdown
+ monoterpenoid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diterpenoid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ diterpene metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.
+ diterpenoid metabolism
+ diterpene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diterpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ diterpene biosynthesis
+ diterpenoid biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ diterpene biosynthetic process
+ diterpenoid formation
+ diterpenoid anabolism
+ diterpenoid synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diterpenoid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with four isoprene units.
+ diterpene catabolic process
+ diterpenoid catabolism
+ diterpenoid breakdown
+ diterpenoid degradation
+ diterpene catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triterpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ triterpenoid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ triterpenoid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.
+ triterpene biosynthesis
+ triterpenoid biosynthesis
+ triterpene biosynthetic process
+ triterpenoid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triterpenoid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ triterpenoid catabolism
+ triterpene catabolism
+ triterpene catabolic process
+ triterpenoid breakdown
+ triterpenoid degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ sesquiterpenoid synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.
+ gosubset_prok
+ sesquiterpenoid anabolism
+ sesquiterpenoid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sesquiterpenoid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with three isoprene units.
+ sesquiterpenoid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ sesquiterpenoid catabolism
+ sesquiterpenoid degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetraterpenoid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
+ biological_process
+ tetraterpenoid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ tetraterpene metabolic process
+ tetraterpene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetraterpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ tetraterpenoid synthesis
+ tetraterpenoid formation
+ biological_process
+ tetraterpenoid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
+ tetraterpene biosynthesis
+ tetraterpene biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ tetraterpenoid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetraterpenoid catabolic process
+
+
+ tetraterpenoid catabolism
+ tetraterpenoid breakdown
+ tetraterpenoid degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetraterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
+ tetraterpene catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ tetraterpene catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyterpenoid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.
+ biological_process
+ polyterpene metabolic process
+ polyterpene metabolism
+ polyterpenoid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyterpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ polyterpene biosynthesis
+ polyterpenoid anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.
+ polyterpenoid biosynthesis
+ polyterpenoid formation
+ polyterpenoid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyterpene biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyterpenoid catabolic process
+
+
+ polyterpene catabolism
+ polyterpenoid breakdown
+ polyterpenoid degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyterpene catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ polyterpenoid catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with more than eight isoprene units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ terpenoid synthesis
+ terpenoid anabolism
+ Wikipedia:Terpenoid
+ terpenoid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.
+ biological_process
+ terpenoid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terpenoid catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenoids, any member of a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure.
+ gosubset_prok
+ terpenoid catabolism
+ terpenoid degradation
+ terpenoid breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carotenoid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ carotenoid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carotenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:CAROTENOID-PWY
+ carotenoid synthesis
+ carotenoid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
+ carotenoid biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ carotenoid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carotenoid catabolic process
+
+
+ carotenoid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ carotenoid degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenoids, tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
+ biological_process
+ carotenoid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carotene metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ carotene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carotene biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ carotene anabolism
+ carotene biosynthesis
+ carotene synthesis
+ carotene formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carotene catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carotenes, hydrocarbon carotenoids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ carotene catabolism
+ carotene degradation
+ carotene breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthophyll metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ xanthophyll metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthophyll biosynthetic process
+
+
+ xanthophyll biosynthesis
+ xanthophyll synthesis
+ biological_process
+ xanthophyll anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ xanthophyll formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthophyll catabolic process
+
+
+ xanthophyll degradation
+ xanthophyll catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xanthophylls, oxygen-containing carotenoids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ xanthophyll breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ sterol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ sterol formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
+ sterol biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2541
+ sterol anabolism
+ sterol synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ sterol degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule.
+ sterol breakdown
+ sterol catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytosteroid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytosteroids, steroids of higher plants differing from animal steroids C1 or C2 residues at C24 and/or a double bond at C22.
+ phytosteroid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytosteroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytosteroids, steroids of higher plants differing from animal steroids in having substitutions at C24 and/or a double bond at C22.
+ gosubset_prok
+ phytosteroid formation
+ phytosteroid anabolism
+ phytosteroid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ phytosteroid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytosteroid catabolic process
+
+
+ phytosteroid degradation
+ phytosteroid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytosteroids, steroids of higher plants differing from animal steroids C1 or C2 residues at C24 and/or a double bond at C22.
+ phytosteroid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brassinosteroid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.
+ gosubset_prok
+ brassinosteroid metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brassinosteroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ brassinosteroid formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2582
+ gosubset_prok
+ brassinosteroid anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-699
+ brassinosteroid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.
+ biological_process
+ brassinosteroid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brassinosteroid catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of brassinosteroids, any of a group of steroid derivatives that occur at very low concentrations in plant tissues and may have hormone-like effects.
+ brassinosteroid degradation
+ biological_process
+ brassinosteroid breakdown
+ brassinosteroid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ saponin metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ saponin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) moiety is a terpene or steroid and the sugar moiety is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ saponin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ saponin biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) moiety is a terpene or steroid and the sugar moiety is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.
+ biological_process
+ saponin synthesis
+ saponin formation
+ saponin anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ saponin catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ saponin degradation
+ saponin breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ saponin catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of saponins, glycosides of plants in which the aglycan (sapogenin) moiety is a terpene or steroid and the sugar moiety is a glucose, a galactose, a pentose, a methylpentose or an oligosaccharide. Saponins are powerful surfactant agents and membrane active; they are, hence, toxic to animals on injection.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycoside metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycoside metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ glycoside anabolism
+ glycoside biosynthesis
+ glycoside formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycoside synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycoside catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycoside catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosides, compounds in which a glycosyl group is substituted into a hydroxyl, thiol or selenol group in another compound.
+ glycoside degradation
+ glycoside breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycoside metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a hydroxyl group.
+ O-glycoside metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ O-glycoside biosynthesis
+ O-glycoside anabolism
+ O-glycoside formation
+ O-glycoside synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a hydroxyl group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycoside catabolic process
+
+
+ O-glycoside breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of O-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a hydroxyl group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ O-glycoside catabolism
+ biological_process
+ O-glycoside degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-glycoside metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ thioglycoside metabolic process
+ thioglycoside metabolism
+ S-glycoside metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-glycoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ S-glycoside formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ thioglycoside biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.
+ S-glycoside synthesis
+ thioglycoside biosynthetic process
+ S-glycoside biosynthesis
+ S-glycoside anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-glycoside catabolic process
+
+
+ thioglycoside catabolism
+ thioglycoside catabolic process
+ S-glycoside breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ S-glycoside catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-glycosides, any compound in which a glycosyl group has been substituted into a thiol group.
+ S-glycoside degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nuclear RNA (snRNA) transcript into a mature snRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle budding from endosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Budding of synaptic vesicles during the formation of constitutive recycling vesicles from early endosomes.
+ endosome to synaptic vesicle budding
+ biological_process
+ synaptic vesicle budding involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle coating
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A protein coat is added to the synaptic vesicle to form the proper shape of the vesicle and to target the vesicle for transport to its destination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle budding from presynaptic membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Evagination of the presynaptic membrane, resulting in the formation of a new synaptic vesicle.
+ biological_process
+ synaptic vesicle budding involved in synaptic vesicle endocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fusion of a synaptic vesicle with the membrane of an endosome.
+ biological_process
+ synaptic vesicle fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle uncoating
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The removal of the protein coat on a synaptic vesicle.
+ synaptic vesicle coat protein depolymerization
+ synaptic vesicle coat depolymerization
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle-mediated transport
+
+
+ goslim_pombe
+ protein sorting along secretory pathway
+ biological_process
+ vesicle trafficking
+ vesicle transport
+ GO:0006899
+ goslim_candida
+ The directed movement of substances, either within a vesicle or in the vesicle membrane, into, out of or within a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ nonselective vesicle transport
+ goslim_yeast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosome transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of substances into, out of or mediated by an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon choice point recognition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The recognition of molecules at a choice point by an axon growth cone; at a choice point the growth cone determines the direction of its future growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon midline choice point recognition
+
+ biological_process
+ The recognition of molecules at the central nervous system midline choice point by an axon growth cone; this choice point determines whether the growth cone will cross the midline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic target attraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemoattractant signals from, and grows towards, potential targets.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic target inhibition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a neuronal cell in a multicellular organism recognizes chemorepellent signals that inhibit its growth toward the source.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of striated muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle attachment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The developmental process by which a skeletal muscle attaches to its target (such as bone or body wall).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of muscle attachment site
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that mediates the transfer of information from the cells of a muscle to those of its intended target, thereby identifying the target site.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that catalyzes the formation of procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and succinate from procollagen L-proline and 2-oxoglutarate, requiring Fe2+ and ascorbate. Contains two alpha subunits that contribute to most parts of the catalytic sites, and two beta subunits that are identical to protein-disulfide isomerase.
+ procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase complex
+ cellular_component
+ prolyl 4-hydroxylase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron-sulfur cluster assembly
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The incorporation of iron and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
+ iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ iron-sulphur cluster assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere capping
+
+ A process by which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins.
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:181450
+ Reactome:176700
+ Reactome:209099
+ telomere end protection
+ Reactome:218825
+ Reactome:218823
+ Reactome:209101
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inclusion body
+
+ A discrete intracellular part formed of aggregated molecules such as proteins or other biopolymers.
+ Wikipedia:Inclusion_bodies
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aggresome
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Aggresome
+ An inclusion body formed by dynein-dependent retrograde transport of an aggregated protein on microtubules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macroautophagy
+
+
+ biological_process
+ autophagy in response to cellular starvation
+ non-specific autophagy
+ GO:0034262
+ The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microautophagy
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The transfer of cytosolic components into the lysosomal compartment by direct invagination of the lysosomal membrane without prior sequestration into an autophagosome. The engulfing membranes fuse, resulting in the lysosomal delivery of the cargo wrapped in a single membrane derived from the invaginated lysosomal membrane. In S. cerevisiae, the vacuole is the lysosomal compartment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chaperone-mediated autophagy
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of macroautophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process, such as recognition of nutrient depletion, that activates or increases the rate of macroautophagy to bring cytosolic macromolecules to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation.
+ activation of macroautophagy
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of macroautophagy
+ stimulation of macroautophagy
+ up regulation of macroautophagy
+ upregulation of macroautophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagic vacuole docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of macroautophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of macroautophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of macroautophagy
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.
+ downregulation of macroautophagy
+ inhibition of macroautophagy
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of macroautophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of autophagic vacuole size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the size of the autophagic vacuole.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyperphosphorylation of RNA polymerase II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ CTD domain phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II
+ The production of an RNA polymerase II enzyme where the C-Terminal Domain (CTD) of the largest subunit is extensively phosphorylated, as a result of activation of kinases, deactivation of phosphatases, or both. This phosphorylation occurs during the initiation phase and is required for the transition to the elongation phase. Specific types of phosphorylation within the CTD are associated with recruitment of complexes such as the capping enzyme or 3'-RNA processing machinery to the elongating RNA polymerase complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA interference
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which double-stranded RNAs silence cognate genes. Involves posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of transgenes or dsRNA introduced into a germline, and of the host gene(s) homologous to the transgenes or dsRNA. This silencing is triggered by the introduction of transgenes or double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and can occur through a specific decrease in the level of mRNA, or by negative regulation of translation, of both host genes and transgenes.
+ Wikipedia:RNA_interference
+ RNAi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ preassembly of GPI anchor in ER membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:262254
+ Reactome:258871
+ Reactome:244594
+ Reactome:268220
+ Reactome:221312
+ Reactome:252344
+ The stepwise addition of the components of the GPI anchor on to phosphatidylinositol lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
+ Reactome:288200
+ Reactome:255506
+ Reactome:229952
+ Reactome:211535
+ Reactome:280383
+ Reactome:286400
+ Reactome:273904
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:162710
+ Reactome:237969
+ Reactome:282744
+ preassembly of GPI anchor in endoplasmic reticulum membrane
+ Reactome:249531
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of GPI anchor to protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:211939
+ A transamidation reaction that results in the cleavage of the polypeptide chain and the concomitant transfer of the GPI anchor to the newly formed carboxy-terminal amino acid of the anchored protein. The cleaved C-terminal contains the C-terminal GPI signal sequence of the newly synthesized polypeptide chain.
+ Reactome:162791
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:221703
+ Reactome:238325
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-glycan processing to lysosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The modification of high-mannose N-glycans by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase and the subsequent removal of the N-acetylglucosamine residues yielding mannose-6-P that occurs in the ER-Golgi apparatus to N-glycans destined for the lysosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-glycan processing to secreted and cell-surface N-glycans
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of high-mannose (Man9-Asn) N-glycans by mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase. This may result in Man8GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans (which in yeast may be subsequently modified by the addition of further mannose residues) or Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans that are substrates for further diversification in the Golgi apparatus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-glycan diversification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The generation, in the Golgi apparatus, of side chain diversity from high mannose Man5GlcNAc2-Asn N-glycans by specific glycosyltransferases and glycosidases.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ selenocysteine metabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.
+ selenocysteine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ selenocysteine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ selenocysteine anabolism
+ selenocysteine synthesis
+ selenocysteine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ selenocysteine formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ selenocysteine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of selenocysteine, an essential component of glutathione peroxidase and some other proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ selenocysteine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ selenocysteine degradation
+ selenocysteine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gap junction assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ Assembly of gap junctions, which are found in most animal tissues, and serve as direct connections between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. They provide open channels through the plasma membrane, allowing ions and small molecules (less than approximately a thousand daltons) to diffuse freely between neighboring cells, but preventing the passage of proteins and nucleic acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ death
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ See also the biological process term 'apoptosis ; GO:0006915'.
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_generic
+ A permanent cessation of all vital functions: the end of life; can be applied to a whole organism or to a part of an organism.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycan processing
+
+ The stepwise addition of sugar residues to the initially added O-linked sugar (usually GalNAc) to form a core O-glycan structure.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycan processing, core 1
+
+ The stepwise addition of sugar residues to the initially added O-linked sugar (usually GalNAc) to form the core 1 O-glycan structure, Gal-beta-1->3-GalNAc.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycan processing, core 2
+
+ biological_process
+ The stepwise addition of sugar residues to the initially added O-linked sugar (usually GalNAc) to form the core 2 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-1->6(Gal-beta-1->3)-GalNAc.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycan processing, core 3
+
+ The stepwise addition of sugar residues to the initially added O-linked sugar (usually GalNAc) to form the core 3 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-1->3-GalNAc.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycan processing, core 4
+
+ biological_process
+ The stepwise addition of sugar residues to the initially added O-linked sugar (usually GalNAc) to form the core 4 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-1->6(GlcNAc-beta-1->3)-GalNAc.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tissue death
+
+ biological_process
+ A permanent cessation of all vital functions of a tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prefoldin complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ GIM complex
+ A multisubunit chaperone that acts to delivers unfolded proteins to cytosolic chaperonin. In humans, the complex is a heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha and four PFD-beta type subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex
+
+
+ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 complex
+ The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex is composed of eIF4E, eIF4A and eIF4G; it is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of the 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of the mRNA to the ribosome.
+ cellular_component
+ eIF-4F
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex
+
+
+ A protein complex composed of the 40S ribosomal subunit plus eIF1A, eIF3, and eIF2-GTP-bound methionyl-initiator methionine tRNA.
+ eukaryotic 43S pre-initiation complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphorylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
+ Wikipedia:Phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dephosphorylation
+
+ The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule.
+ Wikipedia:Dephosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ommatidial rotation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which photoreceptors are arranged in ommatidia in the dorsal and ventral fields to be mirror images. The polarity is established in the imaginal discs concurrently with cell fate specification.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mushroom body development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mushroom body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mushroom body is composed of the prominent neuropil structures of the insect central brain, thought to be crucial for olfactory associated learning. These consist mainly of a bulbous calyx and tightly packaged arrays of thin parallel fibers of the Kenyon cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion
+
+
+ ER membrane fusion
+ The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female meiosis chromosome segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron remodeling
+
+ neuronal remodeling
+ The developmentally regulated remodeling of neuronal projections such as pruning to eliminate the extra dendrites and axons projections set up in early stages of nervous system development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basolateral plasma membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apical plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organisation
+ oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organization (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte microtubule cytoskeleton organisation (sensu Insecta)
+ GO:0048130
+ biological_process
+ Formation and maintenance of a polarized microtubule array originating from a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in the oocyte.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apicolateral plasma membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ The apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral plasma membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ The membranes on the sides of epithelial cells which lie at the interface of adjacent cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ second mitotic wave during compound eye morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A discrete cell cycle that occurs during the third instar eye imaginal disc after progression of the morphogenetic furrow. It is essential for generation of a sufficient pool of uncommitted cells to develop complete ommatidia.
+ second mitotic wave (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization of epithelial cells in an embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphogenesis of follicular epithelium
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a follicular epithelium are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphogenesis of larval imaginal disc epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a larval imaginal disc epithelium are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell adhesion
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+
+ calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule activity
+ The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+
+ biological_process
+ calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule activity
+ The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium-dependent cell-matrix adhesion
+
+ The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catenin complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Complex of peripheral cytoplasmic proteins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin) that interact with the cytoplasmic region of uvomorulin/E-cadherin to connect it to the actin cytoskeleton.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles takes place, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes. This occurs during meiosis.
+ biological_process
+ chromosome movement towards spindle pole during meiosis
+ chromosome migration to spindle pole during meiosis
+ meiotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
+ meiotic chromosome movement
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female meiotic chromosome movement
+ chromosome movement towards spindle pole during female meiosis
+ female meiotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
+ The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during female meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiotic chromosome movement
+ chromosome movement towards spindle pole during male meiosis
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during male meiosis.
+ male meiotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived leg joint morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of an imaginal disc-derived leg joint are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner.
+ leg joint morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendrite development
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory organ precursor cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sense organ precursor cell fate determination
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a sensory organ precursor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Nuclear_matrix
+ The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posttranscriptional gene silencing
+
+
+
+ The inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
+ biological_process
+ PTGS
+ quelling
+ Wikipedia:Post_transcriptional_gene_silencing
+ cosuppression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA-induced silencing complex
+
+ Wikipedia:RNA-induced_silencing_complex
+ A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNA or siRNA-complementary mRNAs, in addition to a number of accessory factors. The RISC complex is involved in posttranscriptional repression of gene expression through downregulation of translation or induction of mRNA degradation.
+ RISC complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic cell DNA recombination
+
+ biological_process
+ Recombination occurring within or between DNA molecules in somatic cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of immunoglobulins
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic diversification of antibodies
+ The somatic process by means of which sequence diversity of immunoglobulins is generated.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes
+
+
+ biological_process
+ somatic hypermutation of antibody genes
+ Mutations occurring somatically that result in amino acid changes in the rearranged V regions of immunoglobulins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic recombination of immunoglobulin gene segments
+
+
+ The process by which immunoglobulin genes are formed through recombination of the germline genetic elements, as known as immunoglobulin gene segments, within a single locus.
+ biological_process
+ somatic recombination of antibody gene segments
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ X chromosome located dosage compensation complex, transcription activating
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ An RNA-protein complex localized to the X chromosome of males where it is required for the hyper-transcriptional activation of the X chromosome.
+ cellular_component
+ dosage compensation complex (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dosage compensation complex assembly during dosage compensation by hyperactivation of X chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ dosage compensation complex assembly (sensu Insecta)
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on the X chromosome of the heterogametic sex, ultimately resulting in a two-fold increase in transcription from this chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene silencing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ long-term maintenance of gene inactivation
+ Any transcriptional or post-transcriptional process carried out at the cellular level that results in long-term gene inactivation.
+ Wikipedia:Gene_silencing
+ Note that this process is the opposite of long-term maintenance of gene activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin II complex
+
+ conventional myosin
+ cellular_component
+ A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unconventional myosin complex
+
+ Note that this term is retained because it is widely used by biologists.
+ non-muscle myosin
+ A portmanteau term for myosins other than myosin II.
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0005860
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chaperonin ATPase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Multisubunit protein complex with 2x7 (Type I, in most cells) or 2x8 (Type II, in Archaea) ATP-binding sites involved in maintaining an unfolded polypeptide structure before folding or to entry into mitochondria and chloroplasts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ vacuolar hydrogen-transporting ATPase
+ A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ hydrogen-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the vacuolar membrane, where it acts as a proton pump to mediate acidification of the vacuolar lumen.
+ vacuolar hydrogen-translocating V-type ATPase complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ See also the cellular component terms 'vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain ; GO:0000221' and 'vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain ; GO:0000220' and the molecular function term 'hydrogen ion transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism ; GO:0046961'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of sodium ions across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0 or V0) that carries out ion transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1 or V1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis.
+ goslim_pir
+ sodium-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sodium ion-transporting F-type ATPase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism.
+ sodium-translocating F-type ATPase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sodium ion-transporting V-type ATPase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ sodium-translocating V-type ATPase complex
+ A sodium ion-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of sodium ions across a concentration gradient. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interpretation of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
+ The process by which the size of the nucleus with respect to its cytoplasm is sensed by a cell.
+ biological_process
+ sensing of nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of embryonic cell shape
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the surface configuration of an embryonic cell.
+ shape changes of embryonic cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell migration
+
+ Wikipedia:Cell_migration
+ biological_process
+ The orderly movement of cells from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism or multicellular structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.
+ down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+ downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+ negative regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+ down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+ downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+ down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter.
+ negative regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter
+ down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of transcription
+ down-regulation of transcription
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of transcription
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
+ down regulation of transcription
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic transport
+
+ The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, or within the cytoplasm of a cell.
+ biological_process
+ cytoplasmic streaming
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein processing
+
+ protein maturation by posttranslational modification
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational modification, which may include cleavage of peptide bonds, of a protein, leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the protein. Protein processing particularly affects secretory proteins and proteins targeted for membranes or specific cellular locations.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide hormone processing
+
+
+ The generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ farnesol metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.
+ gosubset_prok
+ farnesol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ farnesol catabolic process
+
+
+
+ farnesol catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ farnesol breakdown
+ farnesol degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the sesquiterpenoid alcohol farnesol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10,dodecatrien-1-ol.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex that includes the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase activities in two subunits (alpha and beta), catalyzing two steps of the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle within the mitochondrial matrix.
+ trifunctional enzyme
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ core-binding factor complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ PEPB2 complex
+ A heterodimeric transcription factor complex that contains an alpha subunit (Runx1, Runx2 or Runx3 in human) that binds DNA and a non-DNA-binding beta subunit (CBFbeta), and binds to a consensus sequence 5'-YGYGGTY-3' found in several enhancers and promoters; the beta subunit enhances the DNA binding of the alpha subunit.
+ CBF complex
+ AML1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SWI/SNF complex
+
+ A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains nine or more proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; the Swi2/Snf2 ATPase is one of the core components.
+ cellular_component
+ SWI-SNF complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-4 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that binds interleukin-4 (IL-4) and consists of an alpha chain that binds IL-4 with high affinity and a gamma common chain that also forms part of the interleukin-2 receptor.
+ IL-4 receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of angiogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of angiogenesis
+ down-regulation of angiogenesis
+ downregulation of angiogenesis
+ inhibition of angiogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcoplasm
+
+ Wikipedia:Sarcoplasm
+ The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcoplasmic reticulum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0008221
+ See also the cellular component terms 'sarcoplasm ; GO:0016528', 'nuclear envelope ; GO:0005635' and 'endoplasmic reticulum ; GO:0005783'.
+ Wikipedia:Endoplasmic_reticulum
+ A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 activator complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that activates cyclin-dependent kinase 5; composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intein-mediated protein splicing
+
+ The removal of an internal amino acid sequence (an intein) from a protein during protein maturation; the excision of inteins is precise and the N- and C-terminal exteins are joined by a normal peptide bond. Protein splicing involves 4 nucleophilic displacements by the 3 conserved splice junction residues.
+ gosubset_prok
+ intein
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein autoprocessing
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Processing which a protein carries out itself. This involves actions such as the autolytic removal of residues to generate the mature form of the protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male courtship behavior, orientation prior to leg tapping and wing vibration
+
+ male courtship behavior (sensu Insecta), orientation
+ biological_process
+ The process during courtship, where the male orients towards a potential partner.
+ male courtship behaviour (sensu Insecta), orientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male courtship behavior, tapping to detect pheromone
+
+ The process during courtship where the male insect taps the female with his frontal leg.
+ biological_process
+ male courtship behaviour (sensu Insecta), tapping
+ male courtship behavior (sensu Insecta), tapping
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male courtship behavior, veined wing vibration
+
+ male courtship behaviour, veined wing vibration
+ biological_process
+ The process during courtship where the male insect vibrates his wings.
+ male courtship behavior (sensu Insecta), wing vibration
+ male courtship behaviour (sensu Insecta), wing vibration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male courtship behavior, proboscis-mediated licking
+
+ biological_process
+ male courtship behaviour, proboscis-mediated licking
+ male courtship behaviour (sensu Insecta), licking
+ male courtship behavior (sensu Insecta), licking
+ The process during courtship where the male licks the genitalia of a stationary female fly with his proboscis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insertion or deletion editing
+
+ insertion/deletion editing
+ The insertion into or deletion from an RNA molecule of nucleotide residues not encoded in DNA; takes place during or after transcription.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posttranscriptional insertion or deletion editing
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ posttranscriptional insertion/deletion editing
+ The insertion into or deletion from an RNA molecule of nucleotide residues not encoded in DNA; takes place after transcription.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cotranscriptional insertion or deletion editing
+
+ biological_process
+ cotranscriptional insertion/deletion editing
+ gosubset_prok
+ The insertion into or deletion from an RNA molecule of nucleotide residues not encoded in DNA; takes place during transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ base conversion or substitution editing
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ base conversion/substitution editing
+ Any base modification or substitution events that result in alterations in the coding potential or structural properties of RNAs as a result of changes in the base-pairing properties of the modified ribonucleoside(s).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytidine to uridine editing
+
+ Reactome:72200
+ biological_process
+ The conversion of a cytosine residue to uridine in an RNA molecule by deamination.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uridine to cytidine editing
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The conversion of a uridine residue to cytosine in an RNA molecule by amination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA modification
+
+
+ Reactome:268504
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:212100
+ Reactome:75072
+ The term 'RNA editing' (GO:0016547) was merged into 'RNA modification' (GO:0009451) on the basis of statements in the preface of Modification and Editing of RNA (ISBN:1555811337) that there is no clear distinction between modification and editing. Parallel changes were made for substrate (e.g. tRNA, rRNA, etc.) specific child terms of 'RNA editing'.
+ Reactome:221859
+ mRNA editing
+ Reactome:238469
+ The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an mRNA molecule to produce an mRNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
+ GO:0006381
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisome membrane biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a peroxisome membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into peroxisome matrix
+
+
+ biological_process
+ protein transport to peroxisome matrix
+ The import of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. A peroxisome targeting signal (PTS) binds to a soluble receptor protein in the cytosol, and the resulting complex then binds to a receptor protein in the peroxisome membrane and is imported.
+ peroxisome matrix protein import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisome fission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisome division
+ peroxisome proliferation
+ The division of a mature peroxisome within a cell to form two or more separate peroxisome compartments.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into peroxisome matrix, docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein docking during protein import into peroxisome matrix
+ peroxisome receptor docking
+ The process by which a complex formed of a peroxisome targeting sequence (PTS) receptor bound to a PTS-bearing protein docks with translocation machinery in the preoxisomal membrane.
+ protein docking during peroxisome matrix protein import
+ protein transport into peroxisome matrix, docking
+ peroxisome matrix protein import, docking
+ protein docking during protein transport into peroxisome matrix
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into peroxisome matrix, translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisome receptor translocation
+ protein translocation during protein import into peroxisome matrix
+ protein transport into peroxisome matrix, translocation
+ protein translocation during protein transport into peroxisome matrix
+ protein translocation during peroxisome matrix protein import
+ peroxisome matrix protein import, translocation
+ biological_process
+ The process by which proteins are moved across the peroxisomal membrane into the matrix. It is likely that the peroxisome targeting sequence receptor remains associated with cargo proteins during translocation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into peroxisome matrix, receptor recycling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor recycling during protein import into peroxisome matrix
+ biological_process
+ peroxisome matrix protein import, receptor recycling
+ receptor recycling during peroxisome matrix protein import
+ peroxisome receptor recycling
+ The process by which peroxisome targeting sequence receptors dissociates from cargo proteins and are returned to the cytosol.
+ protein transport into peroxisome matrix, receptor recycling
+ receptor recycling during protein transport into peroxisome matrix
+ PTS receptor recycling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein ubiquitination
+
+
+ protein ubiquitylation
+ protein ubiquitinylation
+ biological_process
+ The process by which one or more ubiquitin moieties are added to a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin modification
+
+ The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin, which may result in changing the chromatin structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ covalent chromatin modification
+
+ The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin by the covalent addition or removal of chemical groups.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone modification
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a histone protein.
+ Wikipedia:Histone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone methylation
+
+
+ The modification of histones by addition of methyl groups.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Histone_methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone phosphorylation
+
+
+ The modification of histones by addition of phosphate groups.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone acetylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of a histone by the addition of an acetyl group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone ubiquitination
+
+
+ biological_process
+ histone ubiquitylation
+ histone ubiquitinylation
+ The modification of histones by addition of ubiquitin groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone deacetylation
+
+
+ The modification of histones by removal of acetyl groups.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone dephosphorylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histones by removal of phosphate groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone demethylation
+
+
+ The modification of histones by removal of methyl groups.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone deubiquitination
+
+
+ histone deubiquitylation
+ histone deubiquitinylation
+ The modification of histones by removal of ubiquitin groups.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein deubiquitination
+
+
+ deubiquitination
+ biological_process
+ protein deubiquitinylation
+ GO:0006514
+ protein deubiquitylation
+ The removal of one or more ubiquitin moieties from a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sin3 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multiprotein complex that functions broadly in eukaryotic organisms as a transcriptional repressor of protein-coding genes, through the gene-specific deacetylation of histones. Amongst its subunits, the Sin3 complex contains Sin3-like proteins, and a number of core proteins that are shared with the NuRD complex (including histone deacetylases and histone binding proteins). The Sin3 complex does not directly bind DNA itself, but is targeted to specific genes through protein-protein interactions with DNA-binding proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NuRD complex
+
+
+ NRD complex
+ cellular_component
+ nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation complex
+ SHREC complex
+ An approximately 2 MDa multi-subunit complex that exhibits ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity in addition to histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and has been shown to establish transcriptional repression of a number of target genes in vertebrates, invertebrates and fungi. Amongst its subunits, the NuRD complex contains histone deacetylases, histone binding proteins and Mi-2-like proteins.
+ Mi-2 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-covalent chromatin modification
+
+ biological_process
+ The alteration of DNA or protein in chromatin by the non-covalent addition or removal of chemical groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleosome positioning
+
+
+ nucleosome spacing
+ Ordering of successions of nucleosomes into regular arrays so that nucleosomes are positioned at defined distances from one another.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin remodeling complex
+
+
+ chromatin remodelling complex
+ nucleosome remodeling complex
+ cellular_component
+ Any complex that mediates dynamic changes in eukaryotic chromatin.
+ goslim_pir
+ GO:0005679
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RSC complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex similar to, but more abundant than, the Swi/Snf complex. The RSC complex is generally recruited to RNA polymerase III promoters and is specifically recruited to RNA polymerase II promoters by transcriptional activators and repressors; it is also involved in non-homologous end joining.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ISW1 complex
+
+ A protein complex that contains an ISWI-family ATPase such as Saccharomyces Isw1p, and acts to modify chromatin structure.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NURF complex
+
+ A four subunit ISWI-containing protein complex that facilitates nucleosome mobility and transcriptional activation in an ATP-dependent manner. In contrast to other chromatin remodeling complexes, the ATPase activity of NURF requires nucleosomes rather than free DNA or histones.
+ nucleosome remodeling factor complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ACF complex
+
+ A chromatin-remodeling complex that catalyzes the ATP-dependent assembly of periodic nucleosome arrays. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ACF1 and ISWI.
+ ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ Large protein complex composed of the RNA polymerase core complex and a variety of other proteins including transcription factor complexes TFIIA, D, E, F, and H which are required for promoter recognition, and the Mediator subcomplex. Catalyzes the synthesis of eukaryotic pre-mRNA.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Srb-mediator complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ L mediator complex
+ CDK8-containing TRAP/mediator complex
+ A multiprotein transcriptional mediator complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for transcription of most protein-coding genes. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Mammalian Srb-mediator complexes include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cdc73/Paf1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A multiprotein complex that associates with RNA polymerase II and general RNA polymerase II transcription factor complexes and may be involved in both transcriptional initiation and elongation. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Paf1p, Cdc73p, Hpr1p, Ccr4p, Ctr9p, Rtf1p, and Leo1p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein arginylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ protein amino acid arginylation
+ GO:0019130
+ The posttranslational conjugation of arginine to the N-terminal aspartate or glutamate of a protein; required for the degradation of the protein via the ubiquitin pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flotillin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A heteromeric complex of flotillin 1, flotillin 2, caveolin 1 and caveolin 2 within the caveolar membrane.
+ See also the cellular component term 'caveolar membrane ; GO:0016599'.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rac protein signal transduction
+
+ Rac mediated signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rac family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CCAAT-binding factor complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heteromeric transcription factor complex that binds to the CCAAT-box upstream of promoters; in Saccharomyces it activates the transcription of genes in response to growth in a nonfermentable carbon source; consists of four known subunits: HAP2, HAP3, HAP4 and HAP5.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear body
+
+ cellular_component
+ Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PML body
+
+ cellular_component
+ PML nuclear body
+ A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.
+ PML NB
+ ND10
+ nuclear dot
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ LYSP100-associated nuclear domain
+
+ LANDs
+ A nuclear body that is enriched in the lymphoid cell-specific protein LYSp100B; LANDs are globular, electron-dense structures and are morphologically distinct from the annular structures characteristic of PML bodies.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear speck
+
+ cellular_component
+ splicing speckle
+ A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.
+ speckle focus
+ nuclear speckles
+ nuclear speckle
+ speckle domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrogenase complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ An enzyme complex composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer, and both are associated with metal ions, which differ between species. Both proteins are required for the enzyme activity of the complex, the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron-iron nitrogenase complex
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Note that it is not established whether the nitrogenase exists in vivo in a specific particle or whether the nitrogenase proteins are bound nonspecifically to the membranes of some cells.
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex containing an iron-iron cluster found in species such as the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. It is composed of two main subunits, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase. Dinitrogenase, the iron-iron containing subunit, has an alpha1-beta2 or alpha2-beta2 structure, and the nitrogenase reductase subunit is a homodimer. Functions in the catalysis of the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdenum-iron nitrogenase complex
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex containing a molybdenum-iron cluster found in many species. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the molybdenum-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.
+ molybdenum-iron nitrogenase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vanadium-iron nitrogenase complex
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ vanadium-iron nitrogenase activity
+ An enzyme complex containing a vanadium-iron cluster found in some species, such as Azotobacter vinelandii. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the vanadium-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicle-stimulating hormone complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A gonadotrophic glycoprotein hormone secreted, in mammals, by the anterior pituitary gland; consists of alpha and beta subunits, the latter of which confers hormonal specificity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein sumoylation
+
+
+ GO:0016927
+ SUMO-protein conjugation
+ biological_process
+ GO:0006485
+ protein sumolation
+ small ubiquitin-related protein 1 conjugation
+ Wikipedia:SUMO_protein
+ sumoylation
+ The process by which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein desumoylation
+
+
+ The process by which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
+ protein desumolation
+ biological_process
+ desumoylation
+ GO:0016928
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine-gated chloride channel complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to glycine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinesin I complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of two kinesin heavy chains and two kinesin light chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinesin II complex
+
+ A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex of proteins which includes the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and a number of IGF-binding proteins. The complex plays a role in growth and development.
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ IGF binding protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ poly(A)+ mRNA export from nucleus
+
+ biological_process
+ poly(A)+ mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ The directed movement of poly(A)+ mRNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
+ poly(A)+ mRNA export from cell nucleus
+ poly(A) mRNA export from nucleus
+ poly(A)+ mRNA export out of nucleus
+ poly(A)+ mRNA-nucleus export
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall macromolecule catabolic process
+
+
+ cell wall degradation
+ cell wall breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules that form part of a cell wall.
+ cell wall catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibiotic metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ antibiotic metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibiotic biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
+ antibiotic synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ antibiotic formation
+ antibiotic anabolism
+ biological_process
+ antibiotic biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibiotic catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ antibiotic breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
+ antibiotic degradation
+ antibiotic catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-heme linkage
+
+ The covalent linkage of heme and a protein.
+ biological_process
+ protein-haem linkage
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytochrome complex assembly
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytochrome biogenesis
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cytochrome complex. A cytochrome complex is a protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-tetrapyrrole linkage
+
+ The covalent linking of a tetrapyrrole to a protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-bilin linkage
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The covalent linkage of bilin and a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phycobiliviolin linkage
+
+ biological_process
+ The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin.
+ RESID:AA0258
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phycocyanobilin linkage
+
+ RESID:AA0131
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phycourobilin linkage
+
+ The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0260
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrins.
+ RESID:AA0132
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phytochromobilin linkage
+
+ The linkage of the chromophore phytochromobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0133
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid flavinylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a flavin group to a protein amino acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid nitrosylation
+
+ The addition of a nitrosyl group to a protein amino acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.
+ regulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway
+ regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin phosphatase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of the phosphate group from phosphomyosin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein uptake
+ The directed movement of proteins into a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcriptional repressor complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ A protein complex that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative cofactor 2 complex
+
+ A heterodimeric protein complex that can stably associate with TATA-binding protein on promoters, thereby preventing the assembly of transcription factors TFIIA and TFIIB and leading to repression of RNA polymerase II transcription. The two subunits, NC2alpha (Drap1) and NC2beta (Dr1), dimerize through histone fold domains of the H2A/H2B type present in the amino termini.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcriptional pre-initiation complex assembly
+ inhibition of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+ downregulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+ negative regulation of transcriptional pre-initiation complex biosynthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.
+ negative regulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex formation
+ down-regulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serine C-palmitoyltransferase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a palmitoyl on to serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory chain complex III assembly
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ complex III assembly
+ complex III biogenesis
+ coenzyme Q and cytochrome c reductase complex assembly
+ coenzyme Q and cytochrome c reductase complex biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ cytochrome bc(1) complex biogenesis
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex, a transmembrane lipoprotein complex that it catalyzes the reduction of cytochrome c by accepting reducing equivalents from Coenzyme Q, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.
+ cytochrome bc(1) complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated cation channel complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which cations ions may pass in response to an intracellular cyclic nucleotide binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to insecticide
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insecticide stimulus. Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects.
+ insecticide susceptibility/resistance
+ biological_process
+ insecticide resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex
+ BCADH
+ GO:0031212
+ A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide + carbon dioxide (CO2). This requires thiamin diphosphate; the enzyme also acts on (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial processing peptidase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ This enzyme complex catalyzes the release of N-terminal targeting peptides from precursor proteins imported into the mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meprin A complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates, preferentially on carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues.
+ PABA peptide hydrolase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex
+ multisynthetase complex
+ A multienzyme complex found in all multicellular eukaryotes composed of eight proteins with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities (abbreviated as: ArgRS, AspRS, GluProRS, GlnRS, IleRS, LeuRS, LysRS, MetRS where RS is the enzyme, preceded by the amino acid it uses as a substrate) as well as three non-synthetase proteins (p43, p38, and p18) with diverse functions. Several of these subunits are known dimers, so the total polypeptide count in the multisynthetase complex is at least fifteen. All of the enzymes in this assembly catalyze the same reaction, the covalent attachment of an amino acid to either the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl of the 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNA, but using different substrates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionyl glutamyl tRNA synthetase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex consisting of methionyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases. The tRNA synthetases present in the complex bind to their cognate tRNAs more efficiently than they do as monomers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate-cysteine ligase complex
+
+
+ gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase complex
+ An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate to cysteine, forming glutamylcysteine.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase complex
+
+ A protein complex that possesses single-stranded DNA-dependent DNA helicase activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi transport complex
+
+
+ Sec34/35 complex
+ COG complex
+ conserved oligomeric Golgi complex
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of proteins that, in vitro, stimulates intra-Golgi transport; a 13S complex, about 800 kDa in size and consists of at least five polypeptides. In yeast, this complex is called the Sec34/35 complex and is composed of eight subunits (Sec34p, Sec35p, Dor1p, Cod1p, Cod2p, Cod3p, Cod4p, and Cod5p).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipid scrambling
+
+ PL scrambling
+ biological_process
+ The process by which all major lipid classes are redistributed within the plasma membrane following cell activation or injury, resulting in surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Cell surface-exposed PS can serve as receptor sites for coagulation enzyme complexes, and contributes to cell clearance by the reticuloendothelial system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Heterotrimeric enzyme complex, which in humans is composed of two large subunits of the same size, and one smaller subunit. Functions in the addition of nucleotide-activated sugars onto the polypeptide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleologenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleolus assembly
+ nucleolus biogenesis
+ The process by which the nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, is formed and assembled.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial electron transfer flavoprotein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electron transfer flavoprotein complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ A protein complex located in the mitochondrion. It contains flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the mitochondrial electron transport system.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insecticide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.
+ insecticide metabolism
+ GO:0017138
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ drug metabolic process
+
+ Reactome:212852
+ Reactome:203852
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease; as used here antibiotic substances (see antibiotic metabolism) are considered to be drugs, even if not used in medical or veterinary practice.
+ goslim_pir
+ Reactome:76397
+ gosubset_prok
+ drug metabolism
+ Wikipedia:Drug_metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stem cell division
+
+ biological_process
+ The self-renewing division of a stem cell. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, in the embryo or adult, that can undergo unlimited division and give rise to one or several different cell types.
+ stem cell renewal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor complex
+
+ NMDA-selective glutamate receptor
+ An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of protein biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of protein synthesis
+ down regulation of protein biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of protein biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of protein formation
+ protein biosynthesis inhibitor activity
+ negative regulation of protein biosynthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
+ negative regulation of protein biosynthetic process
+ GO:0016478
+ negative regulation of protein anabolism
+ protein biosynthetic process inhibitor activity
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of protein biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+
+ The release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell, requiring the presence of calcium ions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-glucosidase II complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the trimming of glucose residues from N-linked core glycans on newly synthesized glycoproteins.
+ Note that alpha-glucosidase I functions as a monomer, and therefore does not have a corresponding cellular component term.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-diphthine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidyl-diphthine, a modified histidine residue.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-diphthine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-diphthine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-histidine
+
+
+ peptidyl-diphthine anabolism from peptidyl-histidine
+ peptidyl-diphthine synthesis from peptidyl-histidine
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-diphthine from other compounds, including peptidyl-histidine.
+ peptidyl-diphthine formation from peptidyl-histidine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-diphthine catabolic process
+
+
+ peptidyl-diphthine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-diphthine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-diphthine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidyl-diphthine, a modified histidine residue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-diphthamide metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-diphthamide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptidyl-diphthamide, a modified histidine residue.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-diphthamide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-histidine
+
+
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-histidine to 2'-(3-carboxamido-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-L-histidine, known as diphthamide, found in translation elongation factor eEF-2.
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-diphthamide anabolism from peptidyl-histidine
+ RESID:AA0040
+ peptidyl-diphthamide synthesis from peptidyl-histidine
+ peptidyl-diphthamide formation from peptidyl-histidine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-diphthamide catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptidyl-diphthamide, a modified histidine residue.
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-diphthamide breakdown
+ peptidyl-diphthamide catabolism
+ peptidyl-diphthamide degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation
+
+
+ The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-hydroxylysine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthetic process, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0031
+ 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid biosynthesis
+ peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid anabolism, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
+ 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid, catalyzed by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase.
+ peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid formation, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
+ See also the molecular function term 'glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase activity ; GO:0016603'.
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid synthesis, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glutamic acid carboxylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:159740
+ Reactome:238293
+ Reactome:221843
+ Reactome:221666
+ Reactome:159854
+ RESID:AA0032
+ The gamma-carboxylation of peptidyl-glutamic acid; catalyzed by the vitamin K dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.
+ Reactome:230411
+ Reactome:211902
+ Reactome:238452
+ Reactome:212085
+ gosubset_prok
+ See also the molecular function term 'gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity ; GO:0008488'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-alanine acetylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ See also the molecular function terms 'peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0004596' and 'ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0008999'.
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase or other enzymes of this class, such as ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0041
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid acetylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal aspartic acid of proteins; catalyzed by aspartate N-acetyltransferase.
+ RESID:AA0042
+ See also the molecular function term 'aspartate N-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0017188'.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-glutamine acetylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The acetylation of a glutamine residue in protein to form the N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed. Its annotation in sequence databases is either due to the misidentification of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, or to inappropriate homolog comparisons when proteolytic modification is more probable.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0045
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-glycine acetylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0046
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetylglycine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine acetylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-isoleucine. The occurrence of this modification has not been confirmed.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0047
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-lysine N2-acetylation
+
+ RESID:AA0048
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins to form the derivative N2-acetyl-L-lysine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-methionine acetylation
+
+
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-methionine.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0049
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-proline acetylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0050
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-proline.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-serine acetylation
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal serine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-serine.
+ RESID:AA0051
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-threonine acetylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0052
+ See also the molecular function term 'peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0004596'.
+ biological_process
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal threonine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-threonine; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine acetylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0053
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-tyrosine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-valine acetylation
+
+
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-valine.
+ RESID:AA0054
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid acetylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0044
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal glutamic acid of proteins; catalyzed by peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.
+ biological_process
+ See also the molecular function term 'aspartate N-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0017188'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine N6-acetylation
+
+ RESID:AA0055
+ The acetylation of the peptidyl-lysine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N6-acetyl-L-lysine; catalyzed by tubulin N-acetyltransferase.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ See also the molecular function term 'tubulin N-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0019799'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein formylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-formylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-formylglycine.
+ RESID:AA0057
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein amino acid glucuronylation
+
+
+ The glucuronylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-glucuronylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0058
+ The glucuronylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative D-glucuronyl-N-glycine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-myristoylation
+
+
+ The myristoylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-myristoyl-glycine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0059
+ N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-myristylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-L-cysteine N-palmitoylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The palmitoylation of the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-palmitoyl-cysteine.
+ RESID:AA0060
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-alanine methylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0062
+ RESID:AA0061
+ The methylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-alanine trimethylation
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0062
+ The trimethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-L-alanine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-glycine methylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The methylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-methylglycine.
+ RESID:AA0063
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-methionine methylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The methylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-methionine.
+ RESID:AA0064
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine methylation
+
+
+ The methylation of the N-terminal phenylalanine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-phenylalanine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0065
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-proline dimethylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The methylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N,N-dimethyl-L-proline.
+ RESID:AA0066
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-glutamine methylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0071
+ The methylation of a glutamine residue in proteins to form the peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-glutamine derivative.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glutamic acid methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a methyl group to a glutamic acid residue in a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-histidine methylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0317
+ RESID:AA0073
+ The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine) or peptidyl-L-3'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-methylhistidine, pros-methylhistidine).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine methylation
+
+
+ The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form either the mono-, di- or trimethylated derivative.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine trimethylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine.
+ RESID:AA0074
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine monomethylation
+
+ RESID:AA0076
+ The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-methyl-L-lysine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine dimethylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The methylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine.
+ RESID:AA0075
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine myristoylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0078
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The myristoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-myristoyl-L-lysine.
+ peptidyl-lysine myristylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine palmitoylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The palmitoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-palmitoyl-L-lysine.
+ RESID:AA0077
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid amidation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Addition of an amide group from a glycine to a protein amino acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein C-terminal amidation
+
+
+ The formation of a C-terminal amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior peptide in a secreted protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-alanine amidation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0081
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-alanine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Ala-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-arginine amidation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0082
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-arginine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Arg-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine amidation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0083
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Asn-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid amidation
+
+
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid 1-amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Asp-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0084
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine amidation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0085
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Cys-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-glutamine amidation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glutamine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Gln-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0086
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid amidation
+
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Glu-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0087
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-glycine amidation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0088
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine acid amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Gly-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-histidine amidation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0089
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-histidine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior His-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine amidation
+
+
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Ile-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0090
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-leucine amidation
+
+
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-leucine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Leu-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0091
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-lysine amidation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0092
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-lysine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Lys-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-methionine amidation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0093
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-methionine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Met-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine amidation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Phe-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0094
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-proline amidation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0095
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-proline amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Pro-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-serine amidation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Ser-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0096
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-threonine amidation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0097
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Thr-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan amidation
+
+
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Trp-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ RESID:AA0098
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine amidation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0099
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Tyr-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-valine amidation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-valine amide by hydrolysis and oxidation of an interior Val-Gly peptide in a secreted protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0100
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine biotinylation
+
+
+ The covalent modification of peptidyl-lysine by biotin to form peptidyl-N6-biotinyl-L-lysine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0117
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine lipoylation
+
+
+ The lipoylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-lipoyl-L-lysine.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0118
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine oxidation
+
+
+ The oxidation of the terminal amino-methylene groups of peptidyl-L-lysine or peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine to aldehyde groups to form allysine or hydroxyallysine residues, respectively; these are intermediates in the formation of covalent cross-links between adjacent polypeptide chains in proteins such as collagens.
+ RESID:AA0121
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from amino carbon
+
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0127
+ RESID:AA0129
+ RESID:AA0128
+ The oxidative deamination of the alpha carbon of an encoded N-terminal amino acid, to form pyruvic acid retaining an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the adjacent residue. The pyruvate 2-oxo group may become an enzyme active site, or it may be reduced to an alcohol.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-serine deamination
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine deamination
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-phenylalanine
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0128
+ The posttranslational modification of a N-terminal peptidyl-phenylalanine residue by either oxidative deamination or by transamination and subsequent reduction to form peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid.
+ peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid formation from peptidyl-phenylalanine
+ peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid anabolism from peptidyl-phenylalanine
+ peptidyl-L-3-phenyllactic acid synthesis from peptidyl-phenylalanine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tryptophan succinylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational modification of an N-terminal peptidyl-tryptophan residue to form peptidyl-N2-succinyl-L-tryptophan.
+ RESID:AA0130
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytochrome c-heme linkage
+
+
+ RESID:AA0135
+ The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0134
+ cytochrome c-haem linkage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-cofactor linkage
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The covalent linking of a cofactor to a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine
+
+
+ The posttranslational modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA).
+ RESID:AA0146
+ peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine formation from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine anabolism from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ peptidyl-L-3',4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine synthesis from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine
+
+ peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone synthesis from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone formation from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ RESID:AA0147
+ peptidyl-L-2',4',5'-topaquinone anabolism from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ The posttranslational modification of protein tyrosine to L-2',4',5'-topaquinone, characteristic of the active site of copper amine oxidases.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone
+
+
+ The posttranslational cross-linking of a tryptophan residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of methylamine dehydrogenase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0149
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine phosphopantetheinylation
+
+
+ The posttranslational phosphopantetheinylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phosphopantetheine-L-serine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0150
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamic acid
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine formation from peptidyl-glutamic acid
+ peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine synthesis from peptidyl-glutamic acid
+ RESID:AA0170
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid residues by the covalent attachment of ethanolamine, itself further modified by the addition of a phosphoglycerol unit.
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-glycerylphosphorylethanolamine anabolism from peptidyl-glutamic acid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid bromination
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The addition of one or more bromine atoms to an amino acid residue in a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-histidine bromination
+
+
+ The posttranslational bromination of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-L-bromohistidine; the position of the bromine substitution is unknown.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0173
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational bromination of phenylalanine.
+ RESID:AA0174
+ RESID:AA0175
+ RESID:AA0176
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-lysine acetylation
+
+
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal lysine of proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid iodination
+
+ The addition of one or more iodine atoms to an amino acid residue in a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-thyronine iodination
+
+
+ RESID:AA0177
+ RESID:AA0178
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational iodination of peptidyl-thyronine, formed from tyrosine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid halogenation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a halogen to a protein amino acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tryptophan bromination
+
+
+ RESID:AA0179
+ The posttranslational bromination of peptidyl-tryptophan, to form peptidyl-L-6'-bromotryptophan.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via lanthionine or 3-methyl-lanthionine
+
+ peptide cross-linking via the thiolethers lanthionine or 3-methyl-lanthionine
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptide cross-linking via the thioethers lanthionine or 3-methyl-lanthionine
+ The posttranslational synthesis of (2R,6R)-lanthionine, sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine or (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine, forming an intra-polypeptide cross-link between peptidyl-cysteine, and peptidyl-serine or peptidyl-threonine; dehydration of the serine or threonine residue to the alpha,beta-unsaturated amino acid is the first step; a bond then forms between the ethylene (ethene) group thus formed and the sulfur atom of a cysteine, with the inversion of the configuration of the alpha carbon of the serine or threonine occurring during the process.
+ RESID:AA0110
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0112
+ RESID:AA0111
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-(Z)-dehydrobutyrine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-threonine
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-(Z)-dehydrobutyrine synthesis from peptidyl-threonine
+ peptidyl-(Z)-dehydrobutyrine formation from peptidyl-threonine
+ The formation of (Z)-dehydrobutyrine by the posttranslational dehydration of peptidyl-threonine.
+ peptidyl-(Z)-dehydrobutyrine anabolism from peptidyl-threonine
+ RESID:AA0182
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0185
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine; characteristic of the active sites of arylsulfatases.
+ peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
+ peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine formation from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-L-3-oxoalanine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine or peptidyl-serine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lactic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine
+
+ peptidyl-lactic acid formation from peptidyl-serine
+ peptidyl-lactic acid anabolism from peptidyl-serine
+ The modification of N-terminal peptidyl-serine to lactic acid.
+ peptidyl-lactic acid synthesis from peptidyl-serine
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0186
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-amino acid racemization
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of conversion of a L-amino acid into its enantiomer, the corresponding D-amino acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-asparagine racemization
+
+
+ GO:0018373
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ GO:0019127
+ The racemization of peptidyl-asparagine.
+ RESID:AA0196
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein polyglycylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0201
+ The posttranslational addition of glycyl units covalently bound to the gamma carboxyl group peptidyl-glutamic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein polyglutamylation
+
+ The posttranslational addition of one or more alpha-linked glutamyl units to the gamma carboxyl group of peptidyl-glutamic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0202
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via S-(2-aminovinyl)-D-cysteine
+
+
+
+ The posttranslational synthesis of (S,Z)-S-(2-aminovinyl)cysteine forming an intra-polypeptide cross-link between serine and cysteine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0204
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-S-4-hydroxycinnamyl-L-cysteine
+
+
+ The synthesis of the chromophore S-4-hydroxycinnamyl-L-cysteine.
+ RESID:AA0207
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ protein amino acid cinnamylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-citrulline biosynthetic process from peptidyl-arginine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-citrulline synthesis from peptidyl-arginine
+ peptidyl-citrulline formation from peptidyl-arginine
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0214
+ The hydrolysis of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-citrulline.
+ peptidyl-citrulline anabolism from peptidyl-arginine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine hydroxylation to peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-arginine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The hydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-arginine.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0215
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid C-linked glycosylation
+
+ The glycosylation of a peptidyl-amino acid residue at a C atom.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0217
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking
+
+ The process of covalently linking peptidoglycan (murein) to proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
+
+
+ The posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.
+ RESID:AA0037
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-histidine phosphorylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0036
+ RESID:AA0035
+ The posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine) or peptidyl-3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine).
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0038
+ The posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+
+
+ The posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0039
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine phosphorylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-phospho-L-arginine.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0222
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
+ The co- or posttranslational modification of cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine.
+ RESID:AA0223
+ peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-S-diphytanylglycerol diether-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine adenylylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0227
+ peptidyl-lysine adenylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The adenylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid adenylylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0018176
+ protein adenylation
+ biological_process
+ The addition of phospho-adenosine to a protein amino acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine glutathione disulfide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine by covalent addition of glutathione to form peptidyl-L-cysteine glutathione disulfide.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine glutathione disulphide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine glutathione disulphide biosynthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine glutathione disulfide formation from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine glutathione disulfide anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine glutathione disulfide synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ RESID:AA0229
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0230
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational S-nitrosylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine ADP-ribosylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0168
+ The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-arginine to form omega-N-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-arginine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-asparagine ADP-ribosylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0231
+ biological_process
+ The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-N4-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-asparagine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine ADP-ribosylation
+
+
+ The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-cysteine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0169
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 5'-(N6-L-lysine)-L-topaquinone
+
+
+
+ The cross-linking of the epsilon-amino group of a peptidyl-lysine with peptidyl-topaquinone, a modified tyrosine residue.
+ RESID:AA0233
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine methylation
+
+
+ The methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine.
+ RESID:AA0234
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid hydroxylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The addition of a hydroxy group to a protein amino acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterocycle biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ heterocycle formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
+ heterocycle synthesis
+ heterocycle anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ heterocycle biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxazole or thiazole biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxazole or thiazole, five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen and a sulfur, respectively, in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.
+ oxazole or thiazole synthesis
+ oxazole or thiazole biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ oxazole or thiazole anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ oxazole or thiazole formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine oxazolecarboxylic acid
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0238
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine oxazolinecarboxylic acid
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0239
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via glycine oxazolecarboxylic acid
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0240
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of a serine hydroxyl with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via glycine thiazolecarboxylic acid
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
+ RESID:AA0241
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-serine thiazolecarboxylic acid
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl serine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
+ RESID:AA0242
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-phenylalanine thiazolecarboxylic acid
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl phenylalanine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0243
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-cysteine thiazolecarboxylic acid
+
+
+ RESID:AA0244
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl cysteine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-lysine thiazolecarboxylic acid
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl lysine cross-link by the condensation of a cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
+ RESID:AA0245
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-DNA covalent cross-linking
+
+ biological_process
+ DNA-protein covalent cross-linking
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleic acid-protein covalent cross-linking
+
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between a nucleic acid and a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA-protein covalent cross-linking
+
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine
+
+
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-serine.
+ RESID:AA0246
+ DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratan sulfate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ keratan sulfate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.
+ keratan sulfate formation
+ keratan sulphate biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ keratan sulphate biosynthesis
+ keratan sulfate biosynthesis
+ RESID:AA0247
+ keratan sulfate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdenum incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)
+
+
+ RESID:AA0248
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine
+
+
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-RNA)-L-tyrosine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0249
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking
+
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within protein chains.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 3-(3'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslation modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a 3-(3'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
+ RESID:AA0250
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-histidyl-L-tyrosine
+
+
+
+ The posttranslation modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a protein cross-link.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 3'-(1'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine
+
+ The posttranslation modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-tyrosine to form a 3'-(1'-L-histidyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0270
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glutamine to produce N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine.
+ RESID:AA0124
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via (2R,6R)-lanthionine
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0110
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-serine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2R,6R)-lanthionine (L-lanthionine).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0111
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-serine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of sn-(2S,6R)-lanthionine (meso-lanthione).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0112
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-threonine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2S,3S,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine (3-methyl-L-lanthionine).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via an oxazole or thiazole
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl serine-peptidyl glycine, or peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl glycine cross-link by the condensation of the serine hydroxyl or cysteine thiol with the carbonyl of the preceding residue and alpha-beta dehydrogenation.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid oxidation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The modification of a protein amino acid by oxidation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-methionine oxidation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The oxidation of peptidyl-L-methionine to peptidyl-L-methionine sulfone.
+ RESID:AA0251
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-pyrromethane cofactor linkage
+
+ RESID:AA0252
+ The covalent binding of a pyrromethane (dipyrrin) cofactor to protein via the sulfur atom of cysteine forming dipyrrolylmethanemethyl-L-cysteine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dipyrrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ dipyrrin biosynthesis
+ dipyrrin synthesis
+ dipyrrin anabolism
+ dipyrrin formation
+ dipyrromethane biosynthetic process
+ dipyrromethane biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-D-cysteine
+
+
+
+ The formation of a cross-link between peptidyl-cysteine and peptidyl-threonine via the formation of S-(2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-D-cysteine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0253
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via the 5'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via the 5' end to peptidyl-tyrosine
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-tyrosine.
+ RESID:AA0254
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-threonine
+
+
+ DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-threonine
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0255
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-threonine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-DNA)-L-threonine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tyrosine uridylylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0256
+ The uridylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-tyrosine, found in glutamine synthetase.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal protein-tyrosinylation
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0257
+ See also the molecular function term 'tubulin-tyrosine ligase activity ; GO:0004835'.
+ biological_process
+ The ATP-dependent posttranslational addition of a tyrosine residue to the C-terminus of a protein; typically the addition of tyrosine to the C-terminus of detyrosinated alpha-tubulin by the enzyme tubulin-tyrosine ligase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0259
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrin via phycoerythrobilin-bis-L-cysteine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phycoerythrobilin linkage via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine
+
+
+ The linkage of the chromophore phycoerythrobilin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycoerythrobilin-L-cysteine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0132
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-polyglutamic acid amidation
+
+
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-polyglutamic acid to form a peptidyl-N-L-glutamyl-poly-L-glutamic acid C-terminus.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0261
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine oxidation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0262
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0205
+ The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid or peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0263
+ peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine formation from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ The, presumably, posttranslational modification of protein tyrosine to peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-dihydroxyphenylalanine.
+ peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine synthesis from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-L-3',4',5'-trihydroxyphenylalanine anabolism from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine synthesis from peptidyl-glycine
+ RESID:AA0265
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine formation from peptidyl-glycine
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine anabolism from peptidyl-glycine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-1-thioglycine from other compounds, including peptidyl-glycine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-heme P460 linkage
+
+
+ The linkage of protein to heme P460.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0266
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0271
+ protein-haem P460 linkage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid nucleotidylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The addition of a nucleotide to a protein amino acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid uridylylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of phospho-uridine to a protein amino acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-threonine adenylylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The adenylylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine.
+ RESID:AA0267
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-threonine adenylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine desulfurization
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine desulphurization
+ RESID:AA0269
+ The posttranslational desulfurization of peptidyl-L-cysteine to yield L-alanine and elemental sulfur; peptidyl-L-cysteine persulfide is an intermediate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid desulfurization
+
+ protein amino acid desulphurisation
+ biological_process
+ protein amino acid desulphurization
+ gosubset_prok
+ The removal of a sulfur group from a protein amino acid.
+ protein amino acid desulfurisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine C5-methylation
+
+ RESID:AA0272
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-arginine 5-methylation
+ The methylation of peptidyl-arginine on the carbon 5 (C5) residue to form peptidyl-5-methyl-L-arginine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-heme linkage via 3'-L-histidine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0276
+ protein-haem linkage via 3'-L-histidine
+ biological_process
+ The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 3'-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-heme-histidine, pros-heme-histidine).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid polyamination
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The modification of a protein amino acid by polyamination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ poly-N-methyl-propylamination
+
+
+ RESID:AA0278
+ The modification of peptidyl-lysine by the addition of an N6-propylamino and of propylmethylamino units, forming N6-(propylamino-poly(propylmethylamino)-propyldimethylamine)-L-lysine, typical of the silicate binding protein silaffin.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxidase-heme linkage
+
+
+ RESID:AA0280
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0279
+ The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase.
+ peroxidase-haem linkage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0281
+ The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-proline di-hydroxylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0282
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-proline to form trans-2,3-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-L-proline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ pyrroloquinoline-quinone biosynthesis
+ coenzyme pyrroloquinoline-quinone biosynthesis
+ pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis
+ pyrroloquinoline quinone formation
+ pyrroloquinoline quinone anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ); it is synthesized from a small peptide containing tyrosine and glutamic acid; these amino acids in the peptide are multiply cross-linked and the rest of the peptide is removed.
+ pyrroloquinoline-quinone biosynthetic process
+ PQQ biosynthesis
+ PQQ biosynthetic process
+ pyrroloquinoline quinone synthesis
+ coenzyme pyrroloquinoline-quinone biosynthetic process
+ RESID:AA0283
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid octanoylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with octanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine octanoylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational octanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0290
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via L-cysteine persulfide
+
+
+ biological_process
+ enzyme active site formation via L-cysteine persulphide
+ The modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine persulfide. A persulfurated cysteine promotes active site reactivity in Azotobacter vinelandii Rhodanese.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0269
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-amino acid modification
+
+ The alteration of an amino acid residue in a peptide.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-alanine modification
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of peptidyl-alanine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine modification
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of peptidyl-arginine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-asparagine modification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-asparagine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-aspartic acid modification
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine modification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-cysteine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glutamine modification
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-glutamine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glutamic acid modification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of peptidyl-glutamic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glycine modification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of peptidyl-glycine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-histidine modification
+
+ The modification of peptidyl-histidine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-isoleucine modification
+
+ The modification of peptidyl-isoleucine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-leucine modification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-leucine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine modification
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-lysine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-methionine modification
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-methionine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-phenylalanine modification
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-phenylalanine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-proline modification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-proline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine modification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-serine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-threonine modification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-threonine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tryptophan modification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical alteration of a tryptophan residue in a peptide.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tyrosine modification
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of peptidyl-tyrosine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-valine modification
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-valine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid carboxylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a carboxy group to a protein amino acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid phosphopantetheinylation
+
+ The modification of a protein amino acid by phosphopantetheinylation.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine methylation
+
+
+ GO:0018017
+ The addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue in a protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-aspartic acid phosphorylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine phosphorylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0034
+ The phosphorylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-phospho-L-cysteine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine S-acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0056
+ The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-acetyl-L-cysteine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-threonine palmitoylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0079
+ The palmitoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-threonine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine palmitoylation
+
+
+ The palmitoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-palmitoyl-L-threonine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0080
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl disulfide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl disulfide formation from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl disulfide synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ RESID:AA0101
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl disulphide biosynthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl disulphide biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+ The, presumably, posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl disulfide.
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl disulfide anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-farnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine; the residue may be found at the first position in the sequence motif C-X-X-(SAQCMT)* where the second and third positions are usually aliphatic.
+ RESID:AA0102
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
+ RESID:AA0103
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine; formation of S-farnesycysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CXXX motif and methyl esterification of the farnesylated cysteine.
+ peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-S-12-hydroxyfarnesyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+
+ peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0104
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-geranylgeranylcysteine; formation of S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine may be coupled with subsequent cleavage of a carboxy-terminal tripeptide for the CAAX motif and methyl esterification of the geranylgeranylated cysteine; methyl esterification but not cleavage occurs for the CXC motif. For the type II geranylgeranyltransferase the residue may be found at the first and final positions in the sequence motif C-X-C* or at the final position in the sequence motif C-C*. These motifs are necessary but not sufficient for modification.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ RESID:AA0105
+ peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester formation from peptidyl-cysteine
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine methyl ester.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine; the palmitate group represents a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
+ RESID:AA0106
+ peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-S-palmitoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+ peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0107
+ The co- or posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine; the oleate and palmitate actually represent mixtures of saturated (generally at 3') and unsaturated (generally at 2') fatty acids.
+ peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-S-diacylglycerol-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0108
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslation modification of peptidyl-glutamine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a S-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-cysteine protein cross-link.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 2'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-histidine
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0109
+ The posttranslation modification of peptidyl-histidine and peptidyl-cysteine to form a 2'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-histidine protein cross-link.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 3'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tyrosine
+
+
+
+ The posttranslational thioether cross-linking of a cysteine residue to a tyrosine residue to form 3'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tyrosine, found in galactose oxidase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0113
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine carboxylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-carboxy-L-lysine.
+ RESID:AA0114
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine carboxyethylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0115
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-1-carboxyethyl-L-lysine.
+ GO:0018239
+ biological_process
+ protein amino acid carboxyethylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid S-linked glycosylation via cysteine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0152
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via the sulfur atom of peptidyl-cysteine, forming S-glycosyl-L-cysteine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via hydroxylysine
+
+
+ The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via the O5 atom of peptidyl-hydroxylysine, forming O5-glycosyl-L-hydroxylysine; the most common form is galactosyl hydroxylysine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0153
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via serine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-serine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-serine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, galactosyl, and xylosyl serine.
+ RESID:AA0154
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via threonine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0155
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via the O3 atom of peptidyl-threonine, forming O3-glycosyl-L-threonine; the most common forms are N-acetylgalactosaminyl, mannosyl, and galactosyl threonine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation via tryptophan
+
+
+ The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-tryptophan, 1'-glycosyl-L-tryptophan; it is uncertain whether this is an N-glycoside linkage (as indicated), and which particular hexose is involved.
+ RESID:AA0156
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via tyrosine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0157
+ The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via the O4' atom of peptidyl-tyrosine, O4'-glycosyl-L-tyrosine; the carbohydrate is glucose, the origin for glycogen.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-coenzyme A linkage
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and coenzyme A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage
+
+
+ RESID:AA0167
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The linkage of phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A to protein via peptidyl-serine, to form O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine; it is uncertain whether the phosphoribosyl glycosidic attachment to the dephospho-coenzyme A is alpha or beta, and through the 2' or the 3' position.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via S-sulfo-L-cysteine
+
+
+ The transient sulfation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-sulfo-L-cysteine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0171
+ enzyme active site formation via S-sulpho-L-cysteine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid dehydration
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of a water group from a protein amino acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-dehydroalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-dehydroalanine anabolism from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine
+ biological_process
+ The formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine from either peptidyl-tyrosine by phenyl transfer, or from peptidyl-serine, which is coupled with the formation of 5-imidazolinone by the two neighboring residues, produces an 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one active site of some amino acid ammonia-lyases; the 4-methylidene-imidazole-5-one, is formed autocatalytically by cyclization and dehydration of the sequence ASG.
+ peptidyl-dehydroalanine formation from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0181
+ peptidyl-dehydroalanine synthesis from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.
+ gosubset_prok
+ See also the biological process terms 'peptide cross-linking via L-seryl-5-imidazolinone glycine ; GO:0018252' and 'peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-glutaminyl-5-imidazolinone glycine ; GO:0019729'.
+ RESID:AA0183
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-seryl-5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+
+ biosynthetic process of protein-protein cross-link via L-seryl-5-imidazolinone glycine
+ See also the biological process term 'peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation ; GO:0018251'.
+ The formation of the green fluorescent protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a serine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
+ biosynthesis of protein-protein cross-link via L-seryl-5-imidazolinone glycine
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0184
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+ biosynthetic process of protein-protein cross-link via 5-imidazolinone glycine
+ biosynthesis of protein-protein cross-link via 5-imidazolinone glycine
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0188
+ The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, an alanine, serine or cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with an oxidation of residue n+1 to form an active aldehyde.
+ RESID:AA0187
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0184
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tyrosine adenylylation
+
+
+ The posttranslational adenylylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-tyrosine.
+ RESID:AA0203
+ peptidyl-tyrosine adenylation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via S-glycyl-L-cysteine
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0206
+ biological_process
+ The formation of S-(peptidyl-glycyl)-peptidyl-cysteine cross-links by the formation of a thiolester between cysteine and the carboxy-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and other proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid formylation
+
+ The addition of a formyl group to a protein amino acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine formylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-formyl-L-lysine.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0211
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid O-linked glycosylation via hydroxyproline
+
+
+ The posttranslational glycosylation of proteins via 04 atom of hydroxyproline to form O4-glycosyl-L-hydroxyproline; the most common form is arabinofuranosyl-4-proline.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0212
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-serine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between RNA and a peptidyl-serine residue by the formation of O-(phospho-5'-5NA)-L-serine.
+ RESID:AA0213
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid guanylylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The addition of phospho-guanosine to a protein amino acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine guanylylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational guanylylation of peptidyl-lysine to form peptidyl-N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine.
+ RESID:AA0228
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopeptide cross-linking
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between or within peptide chains, where either the amino group or the carboxyl group, or both, are not attached to the alpha carbon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-cysteine
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0216
+ The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-asparagine and peptidyl-cysteine to produce N-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-cysteine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoaspartyl)-glycine
+
+
+
+ The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-asparagine and peptidyl-glycine to produce N-(L-isoaspartyl)-glycine.
+ RESID:AA0126
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0158
+ GPI anchor formation via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-asparagine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a asparaginyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ GPI anchor anabolism via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ GPI anchor synthesis via N-asparaginyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GPI anchor formation via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ RESID:AA0159
+ gosubset_prok
+ GPI anchor anabolism via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ GPI anchor synthesis via N-aspartyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-aspartic acid ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a aspartyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-cysteine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a cysteinyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
+ GPI anchor anabolism via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ GPI anchor formation via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ GPI anchor synthesis via N-cysteinyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0160
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+
+
+ GPI anchor anabolism via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ RESID:AA0161
+ gosubset_prok
+ GPI anchor formation via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ GPI anchor synthesis via N-glycyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+
+
+ GPI anchor anabolism via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ GPI anchor formation via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0162
+ GPI anchor synthesis via N-seryl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GPI anchor anabolism via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ GPI anchor formation via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-alanine ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of an alanyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
+ GPI anchor synthesis via N-alanyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0163
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage via peptidyl-N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0119
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslation modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-pyridoxal phosphate-L-lysine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-N6-retinal-L-lysine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslation modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-retinal-L-lysine.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0120
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-lysinoalanine
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0123
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-serine to form a (2Xi,9S)-L-lysinoalanine cross-link.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine acetylation
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine N-acetylation
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0043
+ gosubset_prok
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-acetyl-L-cysteine.
+ GO:0017191
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopeptide cross-linking via N6-glycyl-L-lysine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-glycine to produce N6-glycyl-L-lysine. This is distinct from the formation of the thiolester intermediate, which occurs during ubiquitination.
+ RESID:AA0125
+ biological_process
+ See also the biological process term 'peptide cross-linking via S-glycyl-L-cysteine ; GO:0018255'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid deamination
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The removal of an amino group from a protein amino acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-threonine deamination
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-2-oxobutanoic acid.
+ RESID:AA0129
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation via asparagine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via the N4 atom of peptidyl-asparagine forming N4-glycosyl-L-asparagine; the most common form is N-acetylglucosaminyl asparagine; N-acetylgalactosaminyl asparagine also occurs; this modification typically occurs in extracellular peptides with an N-X-(ST) motif. Partial modification has been observed to occur with cysteine, rather than serine or threonine, in the third position; secondary structure features are important, and proline in the second or fourth positions inhibits modification.
+ RESID:AA0151
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid S-linked glycosylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via a sulfur atom of a peptidyl-amino-acid such as cysteine or methionine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-serine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a seryl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
+ RESID:AA0166
+ GSI anchor anabolism via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
+ GSI anchor synthesis via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
+ GSI anchor formation via N-seryl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metal incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including iron, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or copper, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) sulfur atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal sulfur cluster are cysteine, histidine, aspartate, glutamate, serine and cysteine persulfide.
+ biological_process
+ metal incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
+
+
+ iron incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of iron into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron
+
+
+ The incorporation of iron into a protein via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl iron (there is no exogenous sulfur, so this modification by itself does not produce an iron-sulfur protein).
+ RESID:AA0136
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulphide
+ The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl diiron disulfide.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0137
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide
+
+
+ RESID:AA0139
+ The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.
+ gosubset_prok
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulphide
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0140
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulphide
+ The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdenum incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
+
+ The incorporation of molybdenum into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
+ molybdenum incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide
+
+
+
+ The incorporation of iron and molybdenum into a Mo-7Fe-8S iron-molybdenum-sulfur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulfide, found in nitrogenase.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ iron and molybdenum incorporation into iron-molybdenum-sulphur cluster via L-cysteinyl homocitryl molybdenum-heptairon-nonasulphide
+ RESID:AA0141
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdenum incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster
+
+
+ molybdenum incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The incorporation of molybdenum into an iron-sulfur cluster.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin
+
+
+ RESID:AA0142
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-cysteinyl molybdopterin.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FAD linkage
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FAD linkage via S-(8alpha-FAD)-L-cysteine
+
+
+ The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via S-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-cysteine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0143
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine
+
+
+ The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 3'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.
+ RESID:AA0144
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine
+
+
+ The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via O4'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-tyrosine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0145
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FAD)-L-histidine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0221
+ The formation of a protein-FAD linkage via 1'-(8-alpha-FAD)-L-histidine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-chromophore linkage
+
+ The covalent or noncovalent linking of a chromophore to a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0225
+ iron incorporation into the Rieske iron-sulphur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulphide
+ The incorporation of iron into a Rieske 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl bis-L-histidino diiron disulfide.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulphido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of iron into an iron-sulfur cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl-L-cysteine persulfido-bis-L-glutamato-L-histidino tetrairon.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0268
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0284
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulphide
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N1'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0285
+ The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulfide.
+ gosubset_prok
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino tetrairon tetrasulphide
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulphide
+ The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato tetrairon tetrasulfide.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0286
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulphide
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
+ RESID:AA0288
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide
+
+
+
+
+ The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
+ RESID:AA0289
+ gosubset_prok
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via bis-L-cysteinyl-L-N3'-histidino-L-serinyl tetrairon tetrasulphide
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of part of an enzyme to form the active site.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FMN linkage
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and flavin mononucleotide (FMN).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FMN linkage via S-(6-FMN)-L-cysteine
+
+
+ The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via S-(6-FMN)-L-cysteine.
+ RESID:AA0220
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-asparagine
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine from other compounds, including peptidyl-asparagine.
+ RESID:AA0236
+ peptidyl-N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine formation from peptidyl-asparagine
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine anabolism from peptidyl-asparagine
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-N4-hydroxymethyl-L-asparagine synthesis from peptidyl-asparagine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine ADP-ribosylation
+
+
+ The transfer, from NAD, of ADP-ribose to peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-(ADP-ribosyl)-L-serine.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0237
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-alanyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0187
+ The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue N, an alanine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+2, a glycine, coupled with the formation of a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+1 which loses one hydrogen, and the loss of a molecule of water.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdenum incorporation into molybdenum-molybdopterin complex
+
+ molybdenum incorporation into metallo-pterin complex
+ The incorporation of molybdenum into a molybdenum-molybdopterin complex.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0042041
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-cystine
+
+
+ The oxidation of two peptidyl-cysteine residues to form a peptidyl-L-cystine (dicysteine) in which segments of peptide chain are linked by a disulfide bond; the cross-link may be between different or the same peptide chain.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0025
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid C-linked glycosylation via tryptophan
+
+
+ The glycosylation of a carbon atom of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid palmitoylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a palmitoyl moiety to a protein amino acid.
+ GO:0018349
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid myristoylation
+
+ The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a myristoyl moiety to a protein amino acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via S-methyl-L-cysteine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0234
+ The transient methylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-methyl-L-cysteine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid glucuronylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronylation, the addition of a glucuronate group, the uronic acid derived from glucose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid tyrosinylation
+
+ The addition of a tyrosine molecule to a protein amino acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via L-cysteine sulfinic acid
+
+
+ The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfinic acid.
+ RESID:AA0262
+ enzyme active site formation via L-cysteine sulphinic acid
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via L-cysteine sulfenic acid
+
+
+ RESID:AA0205
+ The oxidation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-L-cysteine sulfenic acid, found in the active site of NADH peroxidase, nitrile hydratase, and peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ enzyme active site formation via L-cysteine sulphenic acid
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via S-phospho-L-cysteine
+
+
+ The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-phospho-L-cysteine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0034
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via S-acetyl-L-cysteine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0056
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transient acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form S-acetyl-L-cysteine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via 1'-phospho-L-histidine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 1'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-phosphohistidine, tele-phosphohistidine).
+ RESID:AA0035
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via 3'-phospho-L-histidine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0036
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 3'-phospho-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-phosphohistidine, pros-phosphohistidine).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0227
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transient adenylylation of lysine to form N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-lysine, found in the active site of DNA ligase and RNA ligase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine
+
+
+ The transient guanylylation of lysine to form N6-(phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-lysine, found in the guanylyltransferase active site of mRNA capping enzyme.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0228
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via O-phospho-L-serine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0037
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form O-phospho-L-serine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via O-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0267
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transient adenylylation of threonine to form N6-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-threonine, found in the active site of bovine phosphodiesterase I.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via O-phospho-L-threonine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form O-phospho-L-threonine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0038
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form O-phospho-L-tyrosine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0039
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid succinylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of a protein amino acid by succinylation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tyrosine hydroxylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The hydroxylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-dihydroxyphenylalanine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid synthesis from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslation modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12.
+ RESID:AA0232
+ peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid formation from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioaspartic acid anabolism from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-serine
+
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine anabolism from peptidyl-serine
+ RESID:AA0264
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine formation from peptidyl-serine
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-serine to peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine.
+ peptidyl-O-(sn-1-glycerophosphoryl)-L-serine synthesis from peptidyl-serine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine biosynthetic process
+
+ peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine biosynthesis
+ peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine synthesis
+ peptidyl-N6-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-lysine anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein prenylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The enzymatic addition of prenyl moieties to proteins as a posttranslational modification; geranyl, farnesyl, or geranylgeranyl groups may be added.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein farnesylation
+
+ The enzymatic addition of a farnesyl moiety to a protein as a posttranslational modification.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein geranylgeranylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The enzymatic addition of a geranylgeranyl moiety to a protein as a posttranslational modification.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein palmitoylation
+
+
+ The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a palmitoyl moiety to a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid prenylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ C-terminal protein prenylation
+ The covalent attachment of a prenyl moiety to a protein amino acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid farnesylation
+
+
+ The covalent attachment of a farnesyl moiety to a protein amino acid.
+ biological_process
+ C-terminal protein farnesylation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid geranylgeranylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The covalent attachment of a geranylgeranyl moiety to a protein amino acid.
+ C-terminal protein geranylgeranylation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid esterification
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The addition of an ester group to a protein amino acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine esterification
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phycocyanobilin linkage via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The linkage of the chromophore phycocyanobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phycocyanobilin-L-cysteine.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0018380
+ RESID:AA0131
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-pyrromethane cofactor linkage via dipyrrolylmethanemethyl-L-cysteine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A linkage via O-(phosphoribosyl dephospho-coenzyme A)-L-serine
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phycobiliviolin linkage via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine
+
+ The linkage of the chromophore phycobiliviolin to phycoerythrocyanin via S-phycobiliviolin-L-cysteine.
+ RESID:AA0258
+ biological_process
+ GO:0018382
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phycourobilin linkage via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine
+
+
+ The linkage of the chromophore phycourobilin to phycoerythrins via phycourobilin-bis-L-cysteine.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0260
+ GO:0018383
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-phytochromobilin linkage via S-phytochromobilin-L-cysteine
+
+
+ GO:0018381
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0133
+ The linkage of the chromophore phytochromobilin to phycocyanin or allophycocyanin via S-phytochromobilin-L-cysteine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ GO:0018385
+ The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine.
+ protein-haem P460 linkage via haem P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-tyrosine
+ RESID:AA0266
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-heme P460 linkage via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0271
+ GO:0018384
+ The linkage of protein to heme P460 via heme P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein-haem P460 linkage via haem P460-bis-L-cysteine-L-lysine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glutamine 2-methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The methylation of glutamine to form 2-methyl-L-glutamine.
+ RESID:AA0273
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester
+
+
+ peroxidase-haem linkage via dihydroxyhaem-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester
+ biological_process
+ The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester.
+ RESID:AA0279
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0019924
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ peroxidase-heme linkage via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulphonium
+ peroxidase-haem linkage via dihydroxyhaem-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium
+ GO:0019925
+ RESID:AA0280
+ The covalent linkage of heme to peroxidase via dihydroxyheme-L-aspartyl ester-L-glutamyl ester-L-methionine sulfonium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glutamine methylation
+
+ The addition of a methyl group to a glutamine residue in a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-amino acid racemization
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a mixture of the two possible enantiomers from the L-isomer of a chiral amino acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-asparagine hydroxylation to form L-erythro-beta-hydroxyasparagine
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0026
+ See also the molecular function term 'peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase activity ; GO:0004597'.
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational hydroxylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-L-erythro-beta-hydroxyasparagine; catalyzed by peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase (EC:1.14.11.16).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein myristoylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a myristoyl moiety to a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-L-cysteine
+
+
+ cytochrome c-haem linkage via haem-L-cysteine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-L-cysteine.
+ RESID:AA0135
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytochrome c-heme linkage via heme-bis-L-cysteine
+
+
+ cytochrome c-haem linkage via haem-bis-L-cysteine
+ The linkage of cytochromes and other heme proteins to heme via heme-bis-L-cysteine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0134
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0274
+ gosubset_prok
+ The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal cysteine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-cysteine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-amino acid deamination to pyruvic acid
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0127
+ The oxidative deamination of N-terminal peptidyl-cysteine, or peptidyl-serine, to form pyruvic acid with an amide bond between its 1-carboxyl group and the N-terminal residue.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-valine condensation with pyruvate to form N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The condensation of pyruvate through the 2-oxo group with the N-terminal valine of proteins to form the derivative N-pyruvic acid 2-iminyl-L-valine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0275
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-valine deamination
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The deamination of the N-terminal valine residue of a protein to form isobutyrate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamic acid or peptidyl-glutamine
+
+
+ The methyl esterification of peptidyl-glutamic acid or peptidyl-glutamine to form the derivative glutamic acid 5-methyl ester.
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester anabolism from peptidyl-glutamic acid or peptidyl-glutamine
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester synthesis from peptidyl-glutamic acid or peptidyl-glutamine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester formation from peptidyl-glutamic acid or peptidyl-glutamine
+ RESID:AA0072
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ C-terminal peptidyl-glutamic acid tyrosinylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ internal peptidyl-lysine acetylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of an acetyl group to a non-terminal lysine residue in a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine acetylation
+
+
+ The acetylation of peptidyl-lysine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 5-hydroxy-L-lysine
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0028
+ The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-lysine
+
+ RESID:AA0235
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The hydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4-hydroxy-L-lysine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination to L-2'-bromophenylalanine
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0174
+ The posttranslational bromination of peptidyl-phenylalanine to form L-2'-bromophenylalanine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination to L-3'-bromophenylalanine
+
+ RESID:AA0175
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational bromination of peptidyl-phenylalanine to form L-3'-bromophenylalanine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-phenylalanine bromination to L-4'-bromophenylalanine
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0176
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational bromination of peptidyl-phenylalanine to form L-4'-bromophenylalanine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 3-hydroxy-L-proline
+
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-proline to form 3-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0029
+ gosubset_prok
+ See also the molecular function term 'procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase activity ; GO:0019797'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-proline hydroxylation to 4-hydroxy-L-proline
+
+
+ RESID:AA0030
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-proline to form 4-hydroxy-L-proline; catalyzed by procollagen-proline,2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ See also the molecular function term 'procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity ; GO:0004656'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-chondroitin sulfate linkage via chondroitin sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein-chondroitin sulphate linkage via chondroitin sulphate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
+ biological_process
+ Chondroitin sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.
+ RESID:AA0208
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-dermatan sulfate linkage via dermatan 4-sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
+
+ RESID:AA0209
+ protein-dermatan sulphate linkage via dermatan 4-sulphate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
+ Dermatan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-heparan sulfate linkage via heparan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0210
+ protein-heparan sulphate linkage via heparan sulphate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-serine
+ Heparan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and serine residues.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-keratan sulfate linkage via keratan sulfate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-threonine
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Keratan sulfate components are covalently linked to a core glycoprotein via O-glycosidic linkages between xylose and threonine residues.
+ RESID:AA0247
+ protein-keratan sulphate linkage via keratan sulphate D-glucuronyl-D-galactosyl-D-galactosyl-D-xylosyl-L-threonine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid C-linked glycosylation via 2'-alpha-mannosyl-L-tryptophan
+
+
+ GO:0032004
+ The glycosylation of a peptidyl-tryptophan residue by the transfer of alpha-mannopyranose from dolichyl-activated mannose to the indole ring.
+ RESID:AA0217
+ protein amino acid C-linked mannosylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-thyronine iodination to form 3',3'',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine
+
+ The posttranslational iodination of peptidyl-thyronine to form peptidyl-3',3'',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine (triiodothyronine).
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-thyronine iodination to form triiodothyronine
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0177
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-thyronine iodination to form 3',3'',5',5''-tetraiodo-L-thyronine
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational iodination of peptidyl-thyronine to form peptidyl-3',3'',5',5''-tetraiodo-L-thyronine (L-thyroxine).
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0178
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide or protein amino-terminal blocking
+
+ peptide/protein amino-terminal blocking
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide or protein carboxyl-terminal blocking
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptide/protein carboxyl-terminal blocking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid glucuronidation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of a protein by amino acid glucuronidation.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid O-glucuronidation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine O-glucuronidation
+
+
+ The O-glucuronidation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-D-glucuronyl-L-serine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0291
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nickel incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
+
+ nickel incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
+ The incorporation of nickel into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulphide trioxide
+ RESID:AA0292
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nickel incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulphide trioxide
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0292
+ The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido bis-L-glutamato L-histidino nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide
+
+
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0293
+ gosubset_prok
+ The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-2S cluster by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
+ biological_process
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulphide trioxide
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nickel incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The incorporation of nickel into a 3Fe-2S complex by tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulfido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulfide trioxide.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0
+ nickel incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-cysteine persulphido L-glutamato L-histidino L-serinyl nickel triiron disulphide trioxide
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein catenane formation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a protein structure comprising two or more rings that are interlocked but not covalently joined; resembling the links of a chain.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues.
+ RESID:AA0294
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glutamic acid poly-ADP-ribosylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0295
+ This modification produces peptidyl-glutamic acid poly-ADP-ribose found in a number of nuclear proteins under certain conditions including the repair of single strand DNA breaks. The activated form of the generating enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is itself modified in this way.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process
+
+ RESID:AA0296
+ O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The recovery of O-phosphorylserine from acid hydrolysates suggests N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate residues are esterified to peptidyl serines through phosphoester bonds.
+ O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine anabolism
+ O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ O3-(N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthetic process
+
+ RESID:AA0297
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine. The polypeptide backbones of glycoproteins and mucin-like proteoglycans are extensively modified with a complex array of phosphoglycan chains that are linked to Ser/Thr-rich domains via a common Man-alpha1-PO4-Ser linkage.
+ O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine synthesis
+ O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine anabolism
+ O3-(phosphoglycosyl-D-mannose-1-phosphoryl)-L-serine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ copper incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
+
+ The incorporation of copper into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
+ gosubset_prok
+ copper incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster
+
+ The incorporation of copper into a copper-sulfur cluster.
+ copper incorporation into copper-sulphur cluster
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ copper incorporation into copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide
+
+
+ copper incorporation into copper-sulphur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulphide hydroxide
+ The incorporation of copper into a 4Cu-S copper-sulfur cluster via heptakis-L-histidino tetracopper mu4-sulfide hydroxide.
+ RESID:AA0298
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-leucine esterification
+
+
+ GO:0018440
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-L-leucine methyl ester.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0299
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0300
+ biological_process
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulphide
+ The incorporation of iron into a 8Fe-7S iron-sulfur cluster via hexakis-L-cysteinyl L-serinyl octairon heptasulfide, found in nitrogenase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glutamic acid esterification
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via L-aspartic 4-phosphoric anhydride
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0033
+ The transient phosphorylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form L-aspartic 4-phosphoric anhydride.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translation release factor complex
+
+
+ peptide chain release factor
+ cellular_component
+ eukaryotic peptide chain release factor
+ A heterodimeric complex involved in the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine acetylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The acetylation of peptidyl-cysteine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetylene metabolic process
+
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:atl
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylene, formula CH2CH2, the simplest of the alkynes.
+ acetylene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ ethyne metabolism
+ biological_process
+ ethyne metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acrylonitrile metabolic process
+
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:acr
+ gosubset_prok
+ acrylonitrile metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adamantanone metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ada
+ adamantanone metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-pinene metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature. It is a major component in tea-tree oils, and gives off a piney smelling odor.
+ alpha-pinene metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:apn
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-aminobenzenesulfonate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ 2-aminobenzenesulphonate metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ 2-aminobenzenesulphonate metabolism
+ 2-aminobenzenesulfonate metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:abs
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, aniline-o-sulfonic acid, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic 2-aminobenzoate metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ anaerobic 2-aminobenzoate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:abz
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzoate, a derivative of benzoic acid with an NH2 group attached to C2, that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:acp
+ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate metabolism
+ ACP metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, the anion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
+ ACP metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arsonoacetate metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom. Arsonoacetate and other arsenic containing compounds are used in agricultural applications as animal feed additives, cotton defoliants and post-emergence grass herbicides.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ara
+ arsonoacetate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrazine metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ atrazine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving atrazine, a triazine ring-containing compound, widely used as a herbicide.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:atr
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ benzoate metabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:P321-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
+ biological_process
+ benzoate metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:benz2
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic benzoate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the absence of oxygen.
+ MetaCyc:CENTBENZCOA-PWY
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:benz
+ biological_process
+ anaerobic benzoate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ benzonitrile metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:bzn
+ benzonitrile metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzonitrile. Benzonitrile is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate in the pharmaceutical, dyestuffs and rubber industries. It is highly toxic and harmful in contact with skin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:hch
+ biological_process
+ beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ aerobic beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane that occur in presence of oxygen.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biphenyl metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:bph
+ xenene metabolic process
+ xenene metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving biphenyl, a toxic aromatic hydrocarbon used as a heat transfer agent, as a fungistat in packaging citrus fruits and in plant disease control. Biphenyl can be chlorinated with 1-10 chlorine molecules to form polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
+ biphenyl metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-chlorobiphenyl metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ 4-chlorobiphenyl metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-chlorobiphenyl, a member of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) group of compounds, a very stable group of synthetic organic compounds composed of a biphenyl nucleus with 1-10 chlorine substituents. 4-chlorobiphenyl has been used as a model substrate to investigate PCB degradation.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:cbp
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bromoxynil metabolic process
+
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:box
+ biological_process
+ bromoxynil metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving bromoxynil, C7H3Br2NO, a dibrominated phenol derivative with a cyano (-CN) group attached. Bromoxynil is used as a herbicide for post-emergent control of annual broadleaf weeds and works by inhibiting photosynthesis in the target plants.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ (+)-camphor metabolic process
+
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:cam
+ biological_process
+ camphor metabolic process
+ (+)-camphor metabolism
+ camphor metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone which is one of the major components in the leaves of common sage. Camphor exists in two enantiomers, but the (+)-isomer is more widely distributed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caprolactam metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:cap
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. It can cause local irritation.
+ caprolactam metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbazole metabolic process
+
+
+ CAR metabolism
+ biological_process
+ carbazole metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:car
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.
+ gosubset_prok
+ CAR metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbon tetrachloride metabolic process
+
+ carbon tetrachloride metabolism
+ Reactome:207153
+ Reactome:216726
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ctc
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants.
+ Reactome:76434
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
+ anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ctc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene metabolic process
+
+
+
+ 4-carboxy-4'-sulphoazobenzene metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ 4-carboxy-4'-sulphoazobenzene metabolism
+ 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:csab
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-carboxy-4'-sulfoazobenzene, a sulfonated azo compound synthesized by nitro-amine condensation from sulfanilic acid and 4-nitrobenzoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-chloroacrylic acid metabolic process
+
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:caa
+ 3-chloroacrylic acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-chloroacrylic acid, ClHC=CHCOOH, a chlorinated derivative of acrylic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide metabolic process
+
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ppc
+ propachlor metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.
+ propachlor metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanamide metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ cyanamide metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanamide, NCNH2, a cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:cnm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclohexanol metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:chx
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexanol, the monohydroxy derivative of cyclohexane. It is used as a solvent and blending agent.
+ cyclohexanol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclohexylsulfamate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ cyclohexylsulphamate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ cyclohexylsulphamate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ cyclohexylsulfamate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclohexylsulfamate, also known as cyclamic acid. Sodium cyclohexylsulfamate (CHS-Na) was a widely used sweetening agent but was banned because of the suspicion of carcinogenicity and metabolic conversion to cyclohexylamine (CHA), a toxic substance. It is now used as a fungicide.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:chs
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dibenzofuran metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzofuran is a white crystalline solid created from the production of coal tar and used as an insecticide and an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.
+ dibenzofuran metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:dbf
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process
+
+
+
+ phenodioxin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ phenodioxin metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ oxanthrene metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds. Dibenzo-p-dioxins are generated as by-products in the manufacturing of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, paper pulp bleaching, and in incineration, and can accumulate in milk and throughout the food chain, creating significant health concern.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:dpd
+ dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolism
+ oxanthrene metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dibenzothiophene metabolic process
+
+
+
+ diphenylene sulfide metabolism
+ diphenylene sulfide metabolic process
+ dibenzothiophene metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond. Dibenzothiophene derivatives can be detected in diesel oil following hydrodesulfurization treatment to remove sulfur compounds that would otherwise generate sulfur oxides during combustion.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dibenzothiophene catabolic process
+
+
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:dbt2
+ dibenzothiophene degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.
+ dibenzothiophene breakdown
+ dibenzothiophene catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dibenzothiophene desulfurization
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-681
+ gosubset_prok
+ dibenzothiophene desulphurization
+ The removal of the sulfur atom from dibenzothiophene, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one sulfide bond and one carbon-carbon bond.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:dbt
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2,4-dichlorobenzoate metabolic process
+
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:dcb
+ gosubset_prok
+ 2,4-dichlorobenzoate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,2-dichloroethane metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ 1,2-dichloroethane metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:dce
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dichloromethane metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dichloromethane, a dichlorinated derivative of methane. It is a colorless organic liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor, often used as a paint remover.
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:dcm
+ dichloromethane metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ 2,4-D metabolic process
+ 2,4-D metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:2
+ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ DCP metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:dcp
+ 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ DCP metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic. DCP is used as a general solvent, as an intermediate in organic synthesis and in paints, varnishes, lacquers, water colors, binders and photographic lacquers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,3-dichloropropene metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving members of the 1,3-dichloropropene family, which includes cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene. The 1,3-dichloropropenes are chlorinated hydrocarbons and the major active ingredients of commercial products for control of plant-parasitic nematodes.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:cpr
+ 1,3-dichloropropylene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ 1,3-dichloropropylene metabolic process
+ gamma-chloroallylchloride metabolism
+ gamma-chloroallylchloride metabolic process
+ 1,3-dichloropropene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organic ether metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic ethers, any anhydride of the general formula R1-O-R2, formed between two identical or nonidentical organic hydroxy compounds.
+ biological_process
+ organic ether metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dimethyl ether metabolic process
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:dme
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl ether, CH3-O-CH3, the simplest ether. Dimethyl ether, also known wood ether and methyl ether, is a colorless gas that has been used in refrigeration applications.
+ methyl ether metabolism
+ dimethyl ether metabolism
+ methyl ether metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methyl tert-butyl ether metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl tert-butyl ether, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane. Methyl tert-butyl ether is a synthetic chemical which is mixed with gasoline for use in reformulated gasoline. It was first introduced as an additive for unleaded gasoline in the 1980s. It is also used as a laboratory reagent and a pharmaceutical agent.
+ gosubset_prok
+ methyl tert-butyl ether metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:mtb
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dimethyl sulfoxide metabolic process
+
+ dimethyl sulfoxide metabolism
+ dimethyl sulphoxide metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:sulf
+ gosubset_prok
+ DMSO metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO (C2H6OS), an alkyl sulfoxide that is practically odorless in its purified form. As a highly polar organic liquid, it is a powerful solvent. Its biological activities include the ability to penetrate plant and animal tissues and to preserve living cells during freezing.
+ DMSO metabolism
+ dimethyl sulphoxide metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organosulfide cycle
+
+ organosulphide cycle
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:sulf
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dodecyl sulfate metabolic process
+
+
+ dodecyl sulphate metabolic process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:dds
+ biological_process
+ dodecyl sulphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dodecyl sulfate, commonly found as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a component of a variety of synthetic surfactants.
+ gosubset_prok
+ dodecyl sulfate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ benzene metabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:205893
+ Reactome:76416
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation.
+ benzene metabolism
+ Reactome:215449
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene metabolic process
+
+
+
+ 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tbz
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with chlorine atoms attached to positions 1, 2 and 4 of the ring. It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent in chemical manufacturing, in dyes and intermediates, dielectric fluid, synthetic transformer oils, lubricants, heat-transfer medium and insecticides.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,4-dichlorobenzene metabolic process
+
+
+
+ 1,4-dichlorobenzene metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:dcz
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring. It forms white crystals at room temperature and is used as an insecticidal fumigant, particularly in mothballs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic ethylbenzene metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
+ anaerobic ethylbenzene metabolism
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ethb
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorobenzene metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ chlorobenzene metabolism
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:cb
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorobenzene, a derivative of benzene with a chlorine atoms attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid that is manufactured for use as a solvent. It quickly evaporates in the air and is degraded by hydroxyl radicals that are produced photochemically. The gas acts as a source of ClOx, which helps in the breakdown of stratospheric ozone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethylbenzene metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethylbenzene (phenylethane), a benzene derivative with an ethyl group attached to the ring. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used as a solvent and as a component of automotive and aviation fuels.
+ biological_process
+ ethylbenzene metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ethb2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrobenzene metabolic process
+
+
+ nitrobenzene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:nb
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrobenzene (nitrobenzol), a derivative of benzene with an NO2 group attached to the ring. It is a yellow aromatic liquid used in perfumery and manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fluorene metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fluorene, a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a five-membered ring. It is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives and is also a by-product of coal-conversion and energy-related industries. It is commonly found in vehicle exhaust emissions, crude oils, motor oils, coal and oil combustion products, waste incineration, and industrial effluents.
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:flu
+ gosubset_prok
+ fluorene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gallate metabolic process
+
+
+ gallic acid metabolism
+ gallate metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:gal
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid). The esters and polyesters are widely distributed in angiosperms.
+ biological_process
+ gallic acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:GAMMAHEXCHLORDEG-PWY
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ghch
+ gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (also known as Lindane), the most common form of hexachlorohexane, a halogenated organic insecticide that has been used worldwide for agriculture and public health.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyphosate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide also known by the trade name Roundup. It is a member of a broad class of compounds known as phosphonic acids, which contain a direct carbon-to-phosphorus (C-P) bond.
+ glyphosate metabolism
+ Roundup metabolism
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:gly
+ Roundup metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, an aromatic compound which is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of patulin, a toxin and antiviral agent produced by some moulds such as Penicillium patulinum.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:mcr
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iprodione metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ipd
+ iprodione metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving prodione, a colorless, odorless crystal. It is used as a dicarboximide contact fungicide to control a wide variety of crop diseases by inhibiting the germination of spores and the growth of the fungal mat (mycelium).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ limonene metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:lim
+ limonene metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mandelate metabolic process
+
+
+ mandelate metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:mca
+ mandelic acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.
+ mandelic acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ m-cresol metabolic process
+
+ meta-cresol metabolism
+ 3-hydroxytoluene metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol. Used to produce agricultural chemicals, and in specialty resins, pharmaceuticals and pressure-sensitive dyes.
+ biological_process
+ meta-cresol metabolic process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:mcr
+ m-cresol metabolism
+ MetaCyc:M-CRESOL-DEGRADATION-PWY
+ 3-hydroxytoluene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methanesulfonic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving methanesulfonic acid, a strong acid produced by the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide.
+ methanesulfonic acid metabolism
+ methanesulphonic acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:msa
+ methanesulphonic acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methyl ethyl ketone metabolic process
+
+
+ 2-butanone metabolic process
+ MEK metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MEK metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:mek
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor. It is used as a solvent and in making plastics, textiles and paints.
+ 2-butanone metabolism
+ methyl ethyl ketone metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methyl fluoride metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving methyl fluoride, fluorine-substituted methane, a gaseous halogenated hydrocarbon that has been investigated as an inhibitor of methanotrophy and nitrification in soils.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:mf
+ methyl fluoride metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-methylquinoline metabolic process
+
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:mqn
+ biological_process
+ 3-methylquinoline metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ naphthalene metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalene, a fused ring bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon commonly found in crude oil and oil products. Naphthalene is familiar as the compound that gives mothballs their odor; it is used in the manufacture of plastics, dyes, solvents, and other chemicals, as well as being used as an antiseptic and insecticide.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ naphthalene metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:naph
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ nicotine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrilotriacetate metabolic process
+
+
+ nitrilotriacetate metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:nta
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, an aminotricarboxylic acid that binds bivalent metal ions in a ratio of 1:1. As an important industrial chelating agent, NTA has been widely used for various radionuclide processing and decontamination procedures, such as textile, paper and pulp processing and water treatment.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the presence of oxygen.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ aerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolic process
+
+ anaerobic nitrilotriacetate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrilotriacetate, the aminotricarboxylic acid N(CH2COO-)3, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitroglycerin metabolic process
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ng
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitroglycerin, a well-known nitrate ester and an important component of dynamite and other propellants. Toxic to algae, invertebrate, and vertebrates.
+ nitroglycerin metabolism
+ NG metabolic process
+ MetaCyc:P201-PWY
+ NG metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-nitropropane metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:npp
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor. 2-nitropropane is used principally as a solvent and chemical intermediate. As a solvent, it is used in inks, paints, adhesives, varnishes, polymers, and synthetic materials. It is a feedstock for the manufacture of 2-nitro-2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-723
+ 2-nitropropane metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n-octane metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving n-octane, the 8 carbon straight chain alkane used in organic syntheses, calibrations, and azeotropic distillations. It is a common component of gasoline and other petroleum products and the engine fuel antiknocking properties of an isomer of n-octane are used as a comparative standard in the Octane Rating System.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:oct
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ n-octane metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ orcinol metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ orcin metabolic process
+ MetaCyc:P342-PWY
+ orcinol metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:orc
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen, and synthesized, probably as a fungicide, by some higher plants.
+ gosubset_prok
+ orcin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organomercury metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ogm
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving organomercury compound, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
+ organomercury metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organometal metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving organometals, any metal-containing organic compound, especially one in which the metal atom is linked directly to one of more carbon atoms.
+ organometal metabolism
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organotin metabolic process
+
+ organotin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving organotin, an organic compound containing a tin atom.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tri-n-butyltin metabolic process
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tbt
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tri-n-butyltin, an organometallic compound composed of three butyl chains attached to a tin atom. Tri-n-butyltin is used as an antifouling agent in ship bottom paints and can be toxic to many marine organisms.
+ tri-n-butyltin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organosilicon metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any organosilicon, organic compounds that contain silicon, a nonmetal element analogous to carbon.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:osi
+ organosilicon metabolism
+ biological_process
+ organosilicone metabolic process
+ organosilicone metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic organosilicon metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the presence of oxygen.
+ aerobic organosilicone metabolic process
+ aerobic organosilicone metabolism
+ aerobic organosilicon metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:osi
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic organosilicon metabolic process
+
+ anaerobic organosilicon metabolism
+ anaerobic organosilicone metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving organosilicons, organic compounds that contain silicon, in the absence of oxygen.
+ anaerobic organosilicone metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:osi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylene metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.
+ xylene metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ m-xylene metabolic process
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:mxy
+ gosubset_prok
+ m-xylene metabolism
+ meta-xylene metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving m-xylene, (1,3-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
+ meta-xylene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ o-xylene metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ o-xylene metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
+ ortho-xylene metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:oxy
+ ortho-xylene metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ p-xylene metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-xylene, (1,4-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
+ biological_process
+ p-xylene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:pxy
+ para-xylene metabolism
+ para-xylene metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parathion metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound formerly used as a broad spectrum insecticide, a caricide, fumigant and nematocide. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.
+ parathion metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:pthn
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ p-cymene metabolic process
+
+ p-cymene metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:pcy
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentaerythritol tetranitrate metabolic process
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:petn
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentaerythritol tetranitrate, C(CH2-O-NO2)4, a substance produced for use as an explosive and a vasodilator.
+ pentaerythritol tetranitrate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenanthrene metabolic process
+
+
+ phenanthrene metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon used in explosives and in the synthesis of dyes and drugs. Although phenanthrene is not mutagenic or carcinogenic, it has been shown to be toxic to marine diatoms, gastropods, mussels, crustaceans, and fish.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:pha
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
+
+ phenanthrene degradation via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:pha3
+ gosubset_prok
+ phenanthrene breakdown via trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(R),10(R)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenanthrene catabolic process via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
+
+ biological_process
+ phenanthrene breakdown via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:pha2
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, where trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene is the principal intermediate metabolite.
+ phenanthrene degradation via trans-9(S),10(S)-dihydrodiolphenanthrene
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenol metabolic process
+
+
+ carbolic acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ carbolic acid metabolism
+ hydroxybenzene metabolic process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:phe
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. The largest single use of phenol is in the production of plastics, but it is also used in the synthesis of caprolactam, a precursor for nylon 6 and other man-made fibers.
+ phenol metabolism
+ hydroxybenzene metabolism
+ Note that phenol metabolism is not included as a child of 'xenobiotic metabolism' because although it is synthesized industrially, phenol is also found naturally in animal wastes and other organic materials. It is often formed by the activity of microorganisms, which can chemically modify a variety of xenobiotic and naturally occurring phenolic compounds.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic phenol metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ aerobic carbolic acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.
+ aerobic phenol metabolism
+ aerobic hydroxybenzene metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:phe
+ aerobic carbolic acid metabolism
+ aerobic hydroxybenzene metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-nitrophenol metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ 4-nitrophenol metabolism
+ p-nitrophenol metabolic process
+ p-nitrophenol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:nphe
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentachlorophenol metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:pcp
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ PCP metabolism
+ PCP metabolic process
+ pentachlorophenol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-phenylpropionate metabolic process
+
+
+ hydrocinnamic acid metabolism
+ phenylpropanoate metabolism
+ hydrocinnamic acid metabolic process
+ phenylpropanoate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ppa
+ gosubset_prok
+ 3-phenylpropionate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid. It is produced from putrefaction of proteins in soil or breakdown of several constituents of plants, such as lignin, various oils and resins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phthalate metabolic process
+
+
+ phthalate metabolism
+ phthalic acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid. Phthalic acid diesters are used industrially in the production of a variety of household and consumer goods including plastic polymers, lubricating oils, and carriers for perfumes in cosmetics, while phthalic acid itself is used industrially as a plasticizer. Terephthalate is used in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate (polyethene terephthlate, abbreviated PET or PETE), a plastic polymer with many commercial uses.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:pth
+ phthalic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propylene metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining. It is used mainly in the preparation of alkylates for gasoline and in the production of polypropylene, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide and a number of other industrial chemicals.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ propylene metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:pro
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ s-triazine compound metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tria
+ gosubset_prok
+ s-triazine compound metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ styrene metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid soluble in ether and alcohol. When heated, exposed to light or added to a peroxide catalyst, it undergoes polymerization to form polystyrene, a versatile material used in the manufacture of plastics, synthetic rubber, thermal insulation, and packaging. Styrene is a classified mutagen and a suspected carcinogen.
+ styrene metabolism
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:sty
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrachloroethylene metabolic process
+
+
+ tetrachloroethylene metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tce2
+ tetrachloroethene metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrachloroethylene (tetrachloroethene), a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines. Tetrachloroethene has been used primarily as a solvent in dry-cleaning industries and to a lesser extent as a degreasing solvent.
+ tetrachloroethene metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrahydrofuran metabolic process
+
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:thf
+ THF metabolic process
+ THF metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ tetrahydrofuran metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofuran, a cyclic 4 carbon ether. It is one of the most polar ethers and is a widely used solvent for polar reagents. Since THF is very soluble in water and has a relatively low boiling point, significant amounts are often released into the environment, causing contamination problems.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiocyanate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ thiocyanate metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:thc
+ MetaCyc:P581-PWY
+ thiocyanic acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ thiocyanic acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiocyanate, the anion of thiocyanic acid, a toxic cyanide derivative commonly formed as a by-product in the production of gas for fuel, coke, and substances for chemical industries.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toluene metabolic process
+
+
+ methylbenzene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ methylbenzene metabolic process
+ toluene metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products such as gasoline and commonly used as a paint thinning agent and in other solvent applications.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic toluene metabolic process
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tol2
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
+ anaerobic toluene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toluene-4-sulfonate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ 4-toluenesulfonate metabolism
+ 4-methylbenzenesulfonate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ toluene-4-sulfonate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving toluene-4-sulfonate, the anion of 4-toluene sulfonic acid, a white crystalline solid which is highly hygroscopic and soluble in water.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tsa
+ 4-toluenesulfonate metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:TOLSULFDEG-PWY
+ toluene-4-sulphonate metabolism
+ toluene-4-sulphonate metabolic process
+ 4-methylbenzenesulfonate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trinitrotoluene metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tnt
+ trinitrotoluene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene molecule with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid. It is prepared from toluene treated with concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and is used in shells, bombs, and blasting explosives.
+ 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolism
+ TNT metabolism
+ TNT metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
+ anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tnt2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,2,3-tribromopropane metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,2,3-tribromopropane, a toxic and volatile organic compound commonly used as a nematocide in agriculture.
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tbp
+ gosubset_prok
+ 1,2,3-tribromopropane metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DDT metabolic process
+ 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ddt
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.
+ biological_process
+ DDT metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolic process
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:ddt2
+ anaerobic DDT metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ anaerobic 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated, broad spectrum, contact insecticide, in the absence of oxygen.
+ gosubset_prok
+ anaerobic DDT metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichloroethylene metabolic process
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tce
+ trichloroethene metabolism
+ trichloroethene metabolic process
+ TCE metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.
+ trichloroethylene metabolism
+ TCE metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ 2,4,5-T metabolic process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:2
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is widely used as a herbicide, often as a weed killer for home lawns.
+ biological_process
+ 2,4,5-T metabolism
+ 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triethanolamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tea
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving triethanolamine, a combustible, hygroscopic, colorless liquid commonly used in dry-cleaning solutions, cosmetics, detergents, textile processing, wool scouring, and as a corrosion inhibitor and pharmaceutical alkalizing agent.
+ biological_process
+ triethanolamine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vanillin metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods and can be obtained as a by-product of the pulp and paper industry by the oxidative breakdown of lignin.
+ biological_process
+ vanillic aldehyde metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:van
+ vanillic aldehyde metabolic process
+ vanillin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Z-phenylacetaldoxime metabolic process
+
+ Z-phenylacetaldoxime metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:pao
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds, a class of natural products that are gaining increasing interest as cancer-preventing agents and crop protectants.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ naphthalenesulfonate metabolic process
+
+
+ naphthalenesulphonate metabolic process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:nphs
+ GO:0018932
+ gosubset_prok
+ naphthalenesulfonate metabolism
+ naphthalenesulphonate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving naphthalenesulfonate, sulfonated derivatives of naphthalene.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pronuclear envelope synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Synthesis and ordering of the envelope of pronuclei.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molting cycle, protein-based cuticle
+
+ molting cycle (sensu Protostomia and Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+ The periodic shedding of part or all of a cuticle, which is then replaced by a new cuticle. A cuticle is the outer layer of an animal which acts to prevent water loss.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The first process of molting, characterized by the detachment of the old cuticle from the underlying epidermal cells.
+ Wikipedia:Apolysis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysis, chitin-based cuticle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The shedding of the old chitin-based cuticlar fragments during the molting cycle.
+ biological_process
+ ecdysis (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oviposition
+
+ Wikipedia:Oviposition
+ biological_process
+ egg laying
+ The deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ-line sex determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in an organism's germ line.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic sex determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in an organism's soma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host
+
+ Any organism in which another organism, especially a parasite or symbiont, spends part or all of its life cycle and from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Host_(biology)
+ host organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molting cycle, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle
+
+ The periodic shedding of part or all of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle, which is then replaced by a new collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle.
+ biological_process
+ molting cycle (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ SCF complex
+ Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein complex
+ SCF complex substrate recognition subunit
+ cullin-RING ligase 1
+ cellular_component
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
+ Wikipedia:SCF_complex
+ Cul1-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
+ CRL1 complex
+ CDL1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdopterin synthase complex
+
+
+ GO:0019009
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ molybdopterin converting factor complex
+ A protein complex that possesses molybdopterin synthase activity. In E. coli, the complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two MoaD and two MoaE subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion
+
+ complete virus particle
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Virus
+ goslim_pir
+ The complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral nucleocapsid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleocapsid
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0019014
+ The complete protein-nucleic acid complex that is the packaged form of the genome in a virus particle.
+ core
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral genome
+
+ The whole of the genetic information of a virus, contained as either DNA or RNA.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-segmented viral genome
+
+ A viral genome that consists of one continuous nucleic acid molecule.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ segmented viral genome
+
+ cellular_component
+ A viral genome that is divided into two or more physically separate molecules of nucleic acid and packaged into a single virion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bipartite viral genome
+
+ A segmented viral genome consisting of two sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tripartite viral genome
+
+ A segmented viral genome consisting of three sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multipartite viral genome
+
+ cellular_component
+ A segmented viral genome consisting of more than three sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA viral genome
+
+ A viral genome composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA viral genome
+
+ cellular_component
+ A viral genome composed of ribonucleic acid. This results in genome replication and expression of genetic information being inextricably linked.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dsRNA viral genome
+
+ A viral genome composed of double stranded RNA.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ssRNA viral genome
+
+ cellular_component
+ A viral genome composed of single stranded RNA of either positive or negative sense.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive sense viral genome
+
+ A single stranded RNA genome with the same nucleotide polarity as mRNA.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative sense viral genome
+
+ A single stranded RNA genome with the opposite nucleotide polarity as mRNA.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ambisense viral genome
+
+ A RNA genome that contains coding regions that are either positive sense or negative sense on the same RNA molecule.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral capsid
+
+ Wikipedia:Capsid
+ The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles. It comprises numerous regularly arranged subunits, or capsomeres.
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0046728
+ viral capsid (sensu Retroviridae)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ helical viral capsid
+
+ cellular_component
+ The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles; the subunits are arranged to form a protein helix with the genetic material contained within. Tobacco mosaic virus has such a capsid structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ icosahedral viral capsid
+
+ The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles; the subunits are arranged to form an icosahedron, a solid with 20 faces and 12 vertices. Tobacco satellite necrosis virus has such a capsid structure.
+ quasispherical viral capsid
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral envelope
+
+ cellular_component
+ viral glycoprotein
+ The lipid bilayer and associated glycoproteins that surround many types of virus particle.
+ viral membrane
+ Wikipedia:Viral_envelope
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral tegument
+
+ A structure lying between the capsid and envelope of a virus, varying in thickness and often distributed asymmetrically.
+ Wikipedia:Viral_tegument
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral replication complex
+
+
+ Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in replicating the viral genome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral integration complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Virus-specific complex of protein required for integrating viral genomes into the host genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral transcriptional complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in transcribing the viral genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral assembly intermediate
+
+ cellular_component
+ Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in assembling new virions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ provirus
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Provirus
+ The name given to a viral genome after it has been integrated into the host genome; particularly applies to retroviruses and is a required part of the retroviral replication cycle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ latent virus infection
+
+ biological_process
+ A viral process characterized by (a) the lack of efficient expression of all the viral genes that are transcribed during productive infection, and (b) the activation of a unique latent transcriptional progam.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of viral latency
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lysogenic commitment
+ The process by which a virus reaches a latent state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ latent virus maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process required for maintaining the latent form of the viral genome within a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ latent virus replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process required for latent viral replication in a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reactivation of latent virus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The reactivation of a virus from a latent to a lytic state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ provirus integration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prophage integration
+ Reactome:162592
+ The molecular events that lead to the integration of a viral genome into the host genome.
+ Reactome:175567
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus-host interaction
+
+
+ Interactions, directly with the host cell macromolecular machinery, to allow virus replication.
+ viral interaction with host
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:168253
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion of host defenses by virus
+
+
+ viral host defense evasion
+ viral host defence evasion
+ Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the virus or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by virus of host apoptosis
+
+
+ negative regulation by virus of host apoptosis
+ suppression of apoptosis in host by virus
+ negative regulation of apoptosis by virus
+ biological_process
+ Any viral process that results in the inhibition of apoptosis, facilitating prolonged cell survival during viral replication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by virus of host apoptosis
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation by virus of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+ The set of viral processes that result in the induction of apoptosis of infected cells, facilitating release and spread of progeny virions.
+ activation of apoptosis in host by virus
+ induction by virus of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+ activation by virus of host apoptosis
+ induction of apoptosis in host by virus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by virus of host intracellular antiviral response
+
+
+
+ suppression of host intracellular antiviral response by virus
+ viral inhibition of intracellular antiviral response
+ negative regulation by virus of intracellular antiviral response
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of host intracellular antiviral response by virus
+ Any viral process that results in the inhibition of intracellular (innate immune response) antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by virus of host extracellular antiviral response
+
+
+
+ suppression of host extracellular antiviral response by virus
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of host extracellular antiviral response by virus
+ Any viral process that results in the inhibition of extracellular (adaptive immune response) antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication.
+ inhibition of extracellular antiviral response
+ negative regulation by virus of extracellular antiviral response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by virus of host cellular process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of host cellular process by virus
+ Reactome:168276
+ regulation of cellular process in host by virus
+ The process in which a virus effects a change in the cellular pathways and activities of its host organism.
+ modulation of cellular process in host by virus
+ regulation by virus of host cellular process
+ viral host cell process manipulation
+ modification by virus of host cellular process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by virus of host cell cycle regulation
+
+ Interactions, directly with the host cell macromolecular machinery, to allow a virus to modulate the rate of the host cell cycle to facilitate virus replication.
+ viral perturbation of cell cycle regulation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by virus of host transcription
+
+
+ biological_process
+ viral perturbation of host cell transcription
+ The modulation by viral gene products of host RNA polymerase II facilitated transcription.
+ modification by virus of host transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of host translation by virus
+
+
+ modification by virus of host cell mRNA translation
+ regulation of host mRNA translation by virus
+ biological_process
+ regulation of host translation by virus
+ host cell protein synthesis shutoff
+ viral perturbation of host cell mRNA translation
+ Any process by which a virus modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation of host mRNA.
+ host cell shutoff
+ regulation of translation in host by virus
+ viral host shutoff protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral infectious cycle
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:168254
+ lytic viral life cycle
+ A set of processes which all viruses follow to ensure survival; includes attachment and entry of the virus particle, decoding of genome information, translation of viral mRNA by host ribosomes, genome replication, and assembly and release of viral particles containing the genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initiation of viral infection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The set of processes involved in the start of virus infection of cells.
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:162594
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular transport of viral proteins in host cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:168871
+ intracellular viral protein transport
+ The directed movement of viral proteins within the host cell.
+ Reactome:168869
+ Reactome:168884
+ Reactome:168874
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uncoating of virus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:162585
+ A general term applied to the events that occur after penetration; refers to the 'uncoating' of the viral genome from the nucleocapsid core.
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:168313
+ Reactome:168336
+ viral uncoating
+ Reactome:168299
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion attachment to host cell surface receptor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion attachment
+ Any process involved in the specific binding of a viral antireceptor to a cell surface receptor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion penetration into host cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion penetration
+ Any process required for the introduction of virus particles into the cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral envelope fusion with host membrane
+
+
+ Reactome:168288
+ viral-cell fusion molecule activity
+ viral envelope fusion
+ Reactome:164524
+ viral envelope fusion with host cell membrane
+ viral envelope fusion with host plasma membrane
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:168306
+ A form of viral penetration which involves the fusion of the virion envelope with the cellular membrane.
+ Reactome:168312
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor mediated endocytosis of virus by host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor mediated endocytosis of virus particle by host
+ Reactome:168287
+ Reactome:168285
+ Reactome:168292
+ receptor mediated endocytosis by host of virus particle
+ viral receptor mediated endocytosis
+ Reactome:168275
+ biological_process
+ Endocytosis of the virus particle resulting in the accumulation of virus particles within the cell via cytoplasmic vesicles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translocation of virus into host cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ viral translocation
+ The translocation of an entire virus particle across the host cell plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral assembly, maturation, egress, and release
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process involved in the assembly, maturation, egress, and release of progeny virions.
+ Reactome:168268
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral particle assembly
+ biological_process
+ viral assembly
+ Reactome:168862
+ A late phase of viral replication during which all the components necessary for the formation of a mature virion collect at a particular site in the cell and the basic structure of the virus particle is formed.
+ Reactome:168302
+ Reactome:168882
+ virus assembly
+ Reactome:168316
+ Reactome:168894
+ virus particle assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral capsid assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The assembly of a virus capsid from its protein subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral genome maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any viral process that occurs on newly synthesized viral genomes.
+ Reactome:168330
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral DNA cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cleavage of viral DNA into singular functional units.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral genome packaging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:168895
+ Reactome:168861
+ Reactome:168303
+ biological_process
+ The encapsulation of the viral genome within the capsid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral DNA genome packaging
+
+
+ The packing of viral DNA into a capsid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral RNA genome packaging
+
+ biological_process
+ The packaging of viral RNA into a nucleocapsid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ viral maturation
+ virus particle maturation
+ viral particle maturation
+ The assembly of the component viral parts into an infectious virion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ release of virus from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a virus becomes free of a host cell either by the lysis of the host cell or by a non-lytic mechanism.
+ Reactome:168890
+ Reactome:168870
+ viral release
+ Reactome:168298
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lytic viral release
+
+ lytic viral life cycle
+ biological_process
+ A viral infection and replication that leads to the destruction (lysis) of the infected cell with the release of virions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lytic viral budding
+
+ A form of viral release in which the viral particles bud out through cellular membranes, resulting in cell lysis. It is also a form of viral envelopment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral genome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:168307
+ sigma virus replication
+ viral replication
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:168282
+ Any process involved directly in viral genome replication, including viral nucleotide metabolism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral genome expression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The achievement of highly specific, quantitative, temporal and spatial control of virus gene expression within the limited genetic resources of the viral genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral protein biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ viral protein biosynthesis
+ viral protein anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of viral proteins.
+ viral protein synthesis
+ viral protein formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral protein processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational processing of viral proteins.
+ Reactome:168875
+ Reactome:168858
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:168334
+ Reactome:168273
+ Reactome:168280
+ The mechanisms involved in viral gene transcription, especially referring to those with temporal properties unique to viral transcription.
+ Reactome:168293
+ Reactome:167172
+ Reactome:168323
+ Reactome:168325
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:168326
+ Reactome:168301
+ Reactome:168296
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ (delayed) early viral mRNA transcription
+
+ biological_process
+ beta protein
+ The second round of viral gene transcription; most genes transcribed in this round are necessary for genome replication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immediate early viral mRNA transcription
+
+ biological_process
+ The transcriptional period of the earliest expressed viral genes, mainly encoding transcriptional regulators.
+ alpha protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ late viral mRNA transcription
+
+ gamma protein
+ The last group of viral genes to be transcribed during the viral life cycle; genes consist mainly of those encoding structural proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transformation of host cell by virus
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Viral_transformation
+ biological_process
+ viral transformation of host cell
+ viral transformation
+ Any virus-induced change in the morphological, biochemical, or growth parameters of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immortalization of host cell by virus
+
+
+ A virus-induced cellular transformation arising in immortalized cells, or cells capable of indefinite replication, due to their ability to produce their own telomerase.
+ viral immortalization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmission of virus
+
+
+ The transfer of virions in order to create new infection.
+ biological_process
+ viral transmission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial rRNA export from mitochondrion
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of mitochondrial rRNA out of a mitochondrion.
+ mitochondrial rRNA export
+ export of mitochondrial rRNA
+ mitochondrial rRNA, mitochondrial export
+ mitochondrial rRNA transport from mitochondrion
+ mitochondrial rRNA export from mitochondria
+ mitochondrial rRNA export out of mitochondrion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial lrRNA export from mitochondrion
+
+ export of mitochondrial lrRNA
+ mitochondrial lrRNA export out of mitochondrion
+ mitochondrial lrRNA, mitochondrial export
+ mitochondrial lrRNA export
+ The directed movement of mitochondrial lrRNA out of a mitochondrion.
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrial lrRNA transport from mitochondrion
+ mitochondrial lrRNA export from mitochondria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial srRNA export from mitochondrion
+
+ mitochondrial srRNA, mitochondrial export
+ export of mitochondrial srRNA
+ mitochondrial srRNA export
+ mitochondrial srRNA export out of mitochondrion
+ mitochondrial srRNA export from mitochondria
+ The directed movement of mitochondrial srRNA out of a mitochondrion.
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrial srRNA transport from mitochondrion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial RNA localization
+
+ establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial RNA localization
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which mitochondrial RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ mtRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole plasm mRNA localization
+
+
+ GO:0048120
+ establishment and maintenance of pole plasm mRNA localization
+ oocyte pole plasm mRNA localization
+ pole plasm mRNA localization (sensu Insecta)
+ pole granule RNA localization (sensu Insecta)
+ Any process by which mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
+ pole granule RNA localization
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of mRNA localization in pole plasm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localization
+
+
+ pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localization (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ oocyte pole plasm mitochondrial rRNA localization
+ GO:0048117
+ establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial rRNA localization in pole plasm
+ Any process by which mitochondrial ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization
+
+ establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial lrRNA localization in pole plasm
+ pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization (sensu Insecta)
+ Any process by which mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
+ biological_process
+ oocyte pole plasm mitochondrial lrRNA localization
+ GO:0048118
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization
+
+ oocyte pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization
+ establishment and maintenance of mitochondrial localization in pole plasm
+ GO:0048119
+ Any process by which mitochondrial small ribosomal RNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
+ biological_process
+ pole plasm mitochondrial srRNA localization (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive behavior
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism that are associated with reproduction.
+ reproductive behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ-line sex determination
+
+
+
+ The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a female organism's germ line.
+ GO:0007544
+ sex determination, female germ-line determination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ-line sex determination
+
+
+
+ The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in a male organism's germ line.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female somatic sex determination
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a female organism's soma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male somatic sex determination
+
+
+ The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a male organism's soma.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via N6-mureinyl-L-lysine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via the epsilon amino group of lysine to the diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.
+ RESID:AA0218
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-D-alanine racemization
+
+
+ See also the biological process terms 'peptidyl-D-alanine racemization, direct ; GO:0019916' and 'peptidyl-D-alanine racemization via peptidyl-L-serine ; GO:0019917'.
+ The formation of peptidyl-D-alanine, by either racemization or from peptidyl-L-serine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0191
+ alanine racemization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-methionine racemization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The racemization of peptidyl-methionine.
+ RESID:AA0193
+ biological_process
+ GO:0018369
+ GO:0018087
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-isoleucine racemization
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0192
+ GO:0018370
+ GO:0018088
+ gosubset_prok
+ The racemization of peptidyl-isoleucine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-phenylalanine racemization
+
+ RESID:AA0194
+ GO:0018089
+ biological_process
+ The racemization of peptidyl-phenylalanine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0018371
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine racemization
+
+ GO:0018090
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0018372
+ RESID:AA0195
+ The racemization of peptidyl-serine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tryptophan racemization
+
+ GO:0018374
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0198
+ gosubset_prok
+ The racemization of peptidyl-tryptophan.
+ GO:0018092
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-leucine racemization
+
+ RESID:AA0197
+ The racemization of peptidyl-leucine.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0018093
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0018375
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine-gated chloride channel complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which chloride ions may pass in response to histamine binding to the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process
+
+ nonribosomal peptide anabolism
+ nonribosomal peptide synthesis
+ The biosynthetic process whereby peptide bond formation occurs in the absence of the translational machinery. Examples include the synthesis of antibiotic peptides, and glutathione.
+ nonribosomal peptide formation
+ biological_process
+ nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA-activating protein complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that recognizes the proximal sequence element of RNA polymerase II and III snRNA promoters.
+ SNAPc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase complex
+
+
+ Includes phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphatase (enzyme I of the phosphotransferase system) and protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase (enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of lipid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0006632
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
+ regulation of fatty acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of steroid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of steroid metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
+ regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.
+ regulation of phosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ cytokine mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a cytokine or chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism.
+ regulation of metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a nerve cell (neuron) in response to stimulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuronal action potential propagation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A neurological process that causes the sequential depolarization of a neuron's cell membrane along an axon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of action potential in neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generation of action potential
+ biological_process
+ The process that modulates the membrane potential involved in the propagation of a signal in a neuron.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasoconstriction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reductions in the diameter of blood vessels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proprioception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Proprioception
+ The series of events by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, sensory nerve terminals found in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules, which give information concerning movements and position of the body. The receptors in the labyrinth are sometimes also considered proprioceptors.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perception of static position
+
+ biological_process
+ The perception of the orientation of different parts of the body with respect to one another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perception of rate of movement
+
+ The series of events by which an organism senses the speed and direction of movement of the body and its parts.
+ biological_process
+ kinesthesia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of pain
+
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Pain is medically defined as the physical sensation of discomfort or distress caused by injury or illness, so can hence be described as a harmful stimulus which signals current (or impending) tissue damage. Pain may come from extremes of temperature, mechanical damage, electricity or from noxious chemical substances.
+ perception of physiological pain
+ nociception
+ Wikipedia:Nociception
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of fast pain
+
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of slow pain
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a slow pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Slow pain is often subjectively described as an aching or throbbing pain; in humans, the signals from a slow pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along unmyelinated C fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 1 second. Slow pain is often associated with tissue destruction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to pheromone
+
+ pheromone response
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ citrulline biosynthetic process
+
+
+ citrulline synthesis
+ citrulline formation
+ biological_process
+ citrulline biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:CITRULBIO-PWY
+ citrulline anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ citrulline catabolic process
+
+
+ citrulline degradation
+ citrulline breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrulline, N5-carbamoyl-L-ornithine, an alpha amino acid not found in proteins.
+ citrulline catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:CITRULLINE-DEG-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylglyoxal biosynthetic process
+
+
+ methylglyoxal anabolism
+ methylglyoxal synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ methylglyoxal formation
+ biological_process
+ methylglyoxal biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate
+
+
+
+ methylglyoxal degradation to D-lactate
+ D-lactate biosynthesis from methylglyoxal
+ glyoxalase system
+ gosubset_prok
+ methylglyoxal breakdown to D-lactate
+ methylglyoxal catabolic process to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione
+ methylglyoxal detoxification
+ MetaCyc:PWY-901
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, into D-lactate via the intermediate S-lactoyl-glutathione. Glutathione is used in the first step of the pathway and then regenerated in the second step.
+ methylglyoxal catabolism to D-lactate via S-lactoyl-glutathione
+ biological_process
+ D-lactate biosynthetic process from methylglyoxal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ lactate anabolism from pyruvate
+ biological_process
+ lactate formation from pyruvate
+ lactate synthesis from pyruvate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D(-)-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate
+
+ D(-)-lactate synthesis from pyruvate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D(-)-lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.
+ D(-)-lactate formation from pyruvate
+ biological_process
+ D(-)-lactate anabolism from pyruvate
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L(+)-lactate biosynthetic process from pyruvate
+
+ biological_process
+ L(+)-lactate anabolism from pyruvate
+ L(+)-lactate synthesis from pyruvate
+ L(+)-lactate formation from pyruvate
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L(+)lactate from other compounds, including pyruvate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactate racemization
+
+ biological_process
+ Partial conversion of one lactate enantiomorph into another so that the specific optical rotation is decreased, or even reduced to zero, in the resulting mixture.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-lactate biosynthetic process from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde
+
+
+ D-lactate formation from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde
+ D-lactate synthesis from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde
+ biological_process
+ D-lactate anabolism from methylglyoxal via (R)-lactaldehyde
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:MGLDLCTANA-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-lactate from other compounds, including methylglyoxal, via the intermediate (R)-lactaldehyde.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lactate, the anion of lactic acid.
+ lactate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ lactate anabolism
+ lactate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ lactate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic cobalamin biosynthetic process
+
+ cobalamin biosynthesis, aerobic
+ aerobic cobalamin formation
+ vitamin B12 biosynthesis, aerobic
+ cobalamin biosynthetic process, aerobic
+ aerobic cobalamin synthesis
+ aerobic cobalamin biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the presence of oxygen.
+ aerobic vitamin B12 biosynthesis
+ aerobic cobalamin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:P381-PWY
+ aerobic vitamin B12 biosynthetic process
+ vitamin B12 biosynthetic process, aerobic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic cobalamin biosynthetic process
+
+ MetaCyc:COBALSYN-PWY
+ cobalamin biosynthesis, anaerobic
+ vitamin B12 biosynthetic process, anaerobic
+ anaerobic vitamin B12 biosynthetic process
+ cobalamin biosynthetic process, anaerobic
+ anaerobic cobalamin anabolism
+ vitamin B12 biosynthesis, anaerobic
+ anaerobic cobalamin synthesis
+ anaerobic vitamin B12 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ anaerobic cobalamin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ anaerobic cobalamin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the absence of oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ starch biosynthetic process
+
+
+ starch anabolism
+ starch formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of starch, the most important reserve polysaccharide in plants.
+ biological_process
+ starch biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ starch synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-622
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reductive pentose-phosphate cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) as glucose in the chloroplasts of C3 plants; uses ATP and NADPH formed in the light reactions of photosynthesis; carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (catalyzed by the function of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase) to yield two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate; these are then phosphorylated by ATP to 1,3-bisphosphateglyceraldehyde which, in turn, is then reduced by NADPH to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to fructose 5-phosphate and ribulose 5-phosphate by aldolase and other enzymes; the ribulose 5-phosphate is phosphorylated by ATP to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
+ Calvin cycle
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:CALVIN-PWY
+ C3 photosynthesis
+ See also the molecular function term 'ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase activity ; GO:0016984'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked
+
+ MetaCyc:CARNMET-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carnitine, where metabolism is linked to CoA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ carnitine metabolism, CoA-linked
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose 1-phosphate metabolic process
+
+ MetaCyc:GLUCOSE1PMETAB-PWY
+ glucose 1-phosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 1-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-1.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acrylonitrile catabolic process
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:P344-PWY
+ acrylonitrile degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ acrylonitrile breakdown
+ acrylonitrile catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acrylonitrile, a colorless, volatile liquid with a pungent odor. Acrylonitrile is used in the production of acrylic fibers, plastics, and synthetic rubbers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-nitrotoluene metabolic process
+
+ 4NT metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene. It is a light yellow liquid with a weak aromatic odor.
+ 4NT metabolism
+ 4-nitrotoluene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-nitrotoluene catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:P421-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrotoluene, 1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene.
+ gosubset_prok
+ 4NT catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ 4NT catabolism
+ 4-nitrotoluene breakdown
+ 4-nitrotoluene degradation
+ 4-nitrotoluene catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,2-dichloroethane catabolic process
+
+
+ 1,2-dichloroethane breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,2-dichloroethane, a major commodity chemical used, for example, in the manufacture of vinyl chloride.
+ 1,2-dichloroethane catabolism
+ 1,2-dichloroethane degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:12DICHLORETHDEG-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,4-dichlorobenzene catabolic process
+
+
+
+ 1,4-dichlorobenzene degradation
+ 1,4-dichlorobenzene catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:14DICHLORBENZDEG-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-dichlorobenzene or paramoth), a derivative of benzene with two chlorine atoms attached at opposite positions on the ring.
+ biological_process
+ 1,4-dichlorobenzene breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acetylneuraminate catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:P441-PWY
+ N-acetylneuraminate degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ N-acetylneuraminate breakdown
+ N-acetylneuraminate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adamantanone catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of adamantanone, tricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decanone, a white crystalline solid used as an intermediate for microelectronics in the production of photoresists.
+ adamantanone degradation
+ adamantanone breakdown
+ MetaCyc:P481-PWY
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ adamantanone catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine biosynthetic process from serine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycine synthesis from serine
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:GLYSYN-PWY
+ glycine formation from serine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine from other compounds, including serine.
+ glycine anabolism from serine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine biosynthetic process, by transamination of glyoxylate
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine by the transamination of glyoxylate.
+ glycine synthesis, by transamination of glyoxylate
+ glycine anabolism, by transamination of glyoxylate
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycine formation, by transamination of glyoxylate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asparagine biosynthetic process from oxaloacetate
+
+
+
+ asparagine anabolism from oxaloacetate
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ asparagine synthesis from oxaloacetate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including oxaloacetate.
+ asparagine formation from oxaloacetate
+ MetaCyc:ASPARAGINE-BIOSYNTHESIS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asparagine biosynthetic process from cysteine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ asparagine synthesis from cysteine
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of asparagine from other compounds, including cysteine.
+ asparagine formation from cysteine
+ MetaCyc:ASPSYNII-PWY
+ asparagine anabolism from cysteine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobactin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:AEROBACTINSYN-PWY
+ aerobactin biosynthesis
+ aerobactin synthesis
+ aerobactin anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.
+ aerobactin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobactin transport
+
+ The directed movement of the hydroxamate iron transport compound aerobactin into, out of, within or between cells. Aerobactin (C22H36N4O13) is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-alanine biosynthetic process from pyruvate
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alanine from other compounds, including pyruvate.
+ MetaCyc:ALANINE-VALINESYN-PWY
+ L-alanine anabolism from pyruvate
+ L-alanine synthesis from pyruvate
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:ALANINE-SYN2-PWY
+ L-alanine formation from pyruvate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-alanine biosynthetic process via ornithine
+
+
+ L-alanine formation via ornithine
+ biological_process
+ L-alanine synthesis via ornithine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, via the intermediate ornithine.
+ L-alanine anabolism via ornithine
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine anabolism
+ MetaCyc:UDPNACETYLGALSYN-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine synthesis
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, a substance composed of N-acetylgalactosamine, a common structural unit of oligosaccharides, in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine biosynthetic process from L-homoserine via cystathionine
+
+
+ methionine anabolism from L-homoserine via cystathionine
+ MetaCyc:HOMOSER-METSYN-PWY
+ methionine synthesis from L-homoserine via cystathionine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ methionine formation from L-homoserine via cystathionine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including L-homoserine, via the intermediate cystathionine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+
+ methionine formation from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+ methionine synthesis from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+ methionine anabolism from homoserine via O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:HSERMETANA-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-acetyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+
+ methionine formation from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+ methionine anabolism from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:MET-SAM-PWY
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
+ methionine synthesis from homoserine via O-succinyl-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine biosynthetic process, direct, from O-acetyl-L-homoserine
+
+ methionine anabolism, direct, from O-acetyl-L-homoserine
+ methionine synthesis, direct, from O-acetyl-L-homoserine
+ methionine formation, direct, from O-acetyl-L-homoserine
+ The direct chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including O-acetyl-L-homoserine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine biosynthetic process from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+
+ biological_process
+ methionine synthesis from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+ methionine formation from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+ methionine anabolism from O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine biosynthetic process from S-adenosylmethionine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including S-adenosylmethionine.
+ methionine formation from S-adenosylmethionine
+ methionine biosynthetic process from S-adenosyl methionine
+ biological_process
+ methionine synthesis from S-adenosylmethionine
+ gosubset_prok
+ methionine biosynthesis from S-adenosyl methionine
+ methionine anabolism from S-adenosylmethionine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine betaine biosynthetic process from choline
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glycine betaine anabolism from choline
+ MetaCyc:P542-PWY
+ glycine betaine formation from choline
+ MetaCyc:CHOLINE-BETAINE-ANA-PWY
+ N-trimethylglycine biosynthesis from choline
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of betaine (N-trimethylglycine) from the oxidation of choline.
+ MetaCyc:BETSYN-PWY
+ N-trimethylglycine biosynthetic process from choline
+ glycine betaine synthesis from choline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine betaine biosynthetic process from glycine
+
+
+ N-trimethylglycine biosynthesis from glycine
+ biological_process
+ N-trimethylglycine biosynthetic process from glycine
+ glycine betaine synthesis from glycine
+ MetaCyc:P541-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine from other compounds, including glycine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycine betaine anabolism from glycine
+ glycine betaine formation from glycine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway
+
+
+ isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway
+ isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate, via the intermediate mevalonate. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis, through a series of mevalonate intermediates.
+ Ac-MVA pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ acetate-mevalonate pathway
+ isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
+ MetaCyc:NONMEVIPP-PWY
+ isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, non-mevalonate pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis, mevalonate-independent
+ mevalonate-independent isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
+ isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate-independent pathway
+ isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis, non-mevalonate pathway
+ isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent
+ biological_process
+ isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate-independent pathway
+ mevalonate-independent isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis
+ isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate-independent pathway
+ non-MVA pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhizobactin 1021 biosynthetic process
+
+
+ rhizobactin 1021 synthesis
+ rhizobactin 1021 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ GO:0031194
+ MetaCyc:PWY-761
+ rhizobactin 1021 formation
+ GO:0031193
+ rhizobactin 1021 anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhizobactin 1021, (E)-4-((3-(acetylhydroxyamino)propyl)-amino)-2-hydroxy-(2-(2-(3-(hydroxy(1-oxo-2-decenyl)amino)propyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, a siderophore produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti.
+ rhizobactin 1021 biosynthetic process, peptide formation
+ rhizobactin 1021 biosynthetic process, peptide modification
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ siderophore biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ GO:0031178
+ siderochrome biosynthesis
+ siderophore synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ siderophore biosynthesis
+ siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide modification
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.
+ siderophore formation
+ siderochrome biosynthetic process
+ See also the biological process term 'nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process ; GO:0019184'.
+ siderophore biosynthetic process, peptide formation
+ siderophore anabolism
+ GO:0031180
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
+
+ biological_process
+ tyrosine formation from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
+ tyrosine anabolism from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
+ tyrosine synthesis from chorismate via 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
+ MetaCyc:TYRSYN
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate.
+ tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine biosynthetic process, by oxidation of phenylalanine
+
+
+ tyrosine formation from chorismate via L-phenylalanine
+ tyrosine formation, by oxidation of phenylalanine
+ tyrosine anabolism, by oxidation of phenylalanine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ GO:0019291
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine by the oxidation of phenylalanine.
+ tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-phenylalanine
+ tyrosine synthesis, by oxidation of phenylalanine
+ tyrosine synthesis from chorismate via L-phenylalanine
+ tyrosine anabolism from chorismate via L-phenylalanine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ketodeoxyoctanoate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketodeoxyoctanoate, 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-octaonate, an acid present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.
+ ketodeoxyoctanoate biosynthesis
+ ketodeoxyoctanoate formation
+ ketodeoxyoctanoate synthesis
+ 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:KDOSYN-PWY
+ KDO biosynthetic process
+ ketodeoxyoctanoate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ KDO biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme M biosynthetic process
+
+
+ coenzyme M synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ coenzyme M formation
+ coenzyme M anabolism
+ coenzyme M biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:P261-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme M (2-thioethansulfonate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme M metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ coenzyme M metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme M (2-thioethansulfonate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme B metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ coenzyme B metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme B biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of coenzyme B (7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate), a coenzyme involved in the utilization of methane by methanogenic prokaryotes.
+ coenzyme B anabolism
+ MetaCyc:P241-PWY
+ coenzyme B formation
+ coenzyme B synthesis
+ coenzyme B biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnose metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose. Rhamnose occurs commonly as a compound of plant glycosides, in polysaccharides of gums and mucilages, and in bacterial polysaccharides. It is also a component of some plant cell wall polysaccharides and frequently acts as the sugar components of flavonoids.
+ rhamnose metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ rhamnose anabolism
+ rhamnose synthesis
+ rhamnose formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ rhamnose biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhamnose catabolic process
+
+
+ rhamnose breakdown
+ rhamnose catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
+ rhamnose degradation
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:RHAMCAT-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-ribose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ D-ribose synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-ribose, (ribo-pentose).
+ D-ribose anabolism
+ biological_process
+ D-ribose formation
+ D-ribose biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-ribose catabolic process
+
+
+ D-ribose catabolism
+ MetaCyc:RIBOKIN-PWY
+ biological_process
+ D-ribose breakdown
+ D-ribose degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-ribose (ribo-pentose).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic rhamnose catabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ anaerobic rhamnose degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose, that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
+ anaerobic rhamnose breakdown
+ biological_process
+ anaerobic rhamnose catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTDP-rhamnose biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ dTDP-rhamnose synthesis
+ MetaCyc:DTDPRHAMSYN-PWY
+ biological_process
+ dTDP-rhamnose anabolism
+ dTDP-rhamnose formation
+ dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3221
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-D-rhamnose biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-D-rhamnose biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ GDP-D-rhamnose synthesis
+ GDP-D-rhamnose formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+ GDP-D-rhamnose anabolism
+ MetaCyc:GDPRHAMSYN-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ mannose formation
+ mannose synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.
+ mannose anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ mannose biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTDP-mannose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ dTDP-mannose anabolism
+ dTDP-mannose synthesis
+ dTDP-mannose formation
+ dTDP-mannose biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannose catabolic process
+
+
+ mannose breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannose, the aldohexose manno-hexose, the C-2 epimer of glucose.
+ biological_process
+ mannose degradation
+ mannose catabolism
+ MetaCyc:MANNCAT-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol catabolic process
+
+
+ inositol catabolism
+ biological_process
+ vitamin Bh catabolic process
+ MetaCyc:P562-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, a growth factor for animals and microorganisms.
+ inositol breakdown
+ myo-inositol catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ inositol degradation
+ vitamin Bh catabolism
+ myo-inositol catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorbose metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.
+ sorbose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-sorbose metabolic process
+
+ MetaCyc:P302-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.
+ L-sorbose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ allose metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
+ biological_process
+ allose metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-allose metabolic process
+
+ D-allose metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-allose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ D-allose formation
+ D-allose biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.
+ biological_process
+ D-allose anabolism
+ D-allose synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-allose catabolic process
+
+
+ D-allose degradation
+ D-allose breakdown
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-44
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-allose, the D-enantiomer of allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-allose catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fucose catabolic process
+
+
+ fucose degradation
+ MetaCyc:FUCCAT-PWY
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).
+ fucose catabolism
+ fucose breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexose metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ hexose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ hexose formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ hexose synthesis
+ biological_process
+ hexose biosynthesis
+ hexose anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexose catabolic process
+
+
+ hexose degradation
+ biological_process
+ hexose breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexose, any monosaccharide with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ hexose catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentose metabolic process
+
+ pentose metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pentose anabolism
+ pentose synthesis
+ pentose biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+ pentose formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentose catabolic process
+
+
+ pentose degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pentose, any monosaccharide with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ pentose catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ pentose breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-lyxose metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lyxose, the L-enantiomer of aldopentose lyxo-pentose, the C-2 epimer of xylose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:LYXMET-PWY
+ L-lyxose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic fructose catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ anaerobic fructose catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the absence of oxygen.
+ biological_process
+ anaerobic fructose breakdown
+ anaerobic fructose degradation
+ MetaCyc:ANAEROFRUCAT-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrotoluene metabolic process
+
+ nitrotoluene metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxidation of lead sulfide
+
+ oxidation of lead sulphide
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:P301-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lead sulfide to lead sulfate.
+ oxidation of galena
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic gallate catabolic process
+
+ anaerobic gallate degradation
+ MetaCyc:P3-PWY
+ anaerobic gallic acid catabolism
+ anaerobic gallic acid catabolic process
+ anaerobic gallate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gallate fermentation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the absence of oxygen.
+ anaerobic gallate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ammonia oxidation
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways by which ammonia or ammonium is converted to molecular nitrogen or another nitrogen compound, with accompanying loss of electrons.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldoxime metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:P345-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldoximes, compounds derived by the reaction of an aldose with hydroxylamine, thus containing the aldoxime group -HC=NOH.
+ aldoxime metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic respiration, using ammonium as electron donor
+
+
+
+ anaerobic ammonium oxidation
+ Wikipedia:Anammox
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:P303-PWY
+ The oxidation of ammonium (NH4) to nitrogen (N2) in the absence of oxygen, using nitrite (NO2) as the electron acceptor. It is suggested that hydroxylamine and ammonium are combined to yield hydrazine, which is subsequently oxidized to N2.
+ anammox
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron donor
+
+
+
+ The oxidation of nitrite (NO2) to nitrate (NO3), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Nitrite oxidation is the final step in nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, and nitrite oxidoreductase (NOR) is the key enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of nitrite to nitrate in nitrite oxidizing species.
+ nitrite oxidation
+ MetaCyc:P282-PWY
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ denitrification pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:DENITRIFICATION-PWY
+ The reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen by four reactions; each intermediate is transformed to the next lower oxidation state; also part of cellular bioenergetics; the nitrogen compounds can serve as terminal acceptors for electron transport phosphorylation in place of oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ p-cymene catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-741
+ biological_process
+ p-cymene degradation
+ p-cymene catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-cymene, 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene, one of the alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons found in volatile oils from over 100 plants.
+ p-cymene breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-methylquinoline catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ 3-methylquinoline breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-721
+ 3-methylquinoline degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-methylquinoline, C10H9N, an aromatic compound composed of a benzene ring and a heterocyclic N-containing ring.
+ 3-methylquinoline catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenol catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring.
+ MetaCyc:PHENOLDEG-PWY
+ carbolic acid catabolism
+ phenol breakdown
+ biological_process
+ hydroxybenzene catabolic process
+ phenol degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ carbolic acid catabolic process
+ phenol catabolism
+ hydroxybenzene catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrachloroethylene catabolic process
+
+
+
+ tetrachloroethylene degradation
+ biological_process
+ tetrachloroethylene catabolism
+ MetaCyc:PCEDEG-PWY
+ tetrachloroethene catabolic process
+ tetrachloroethylene breakdown
+ tetrachloroethene catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrachloroethylene, a derivative of ethene with the hydrogen atoms replaced by chlorines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentachlorophenol catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentachlorophenol, a chlorinated insecticide and fungicide used primarily to protect timber from fungal rot and wood boring insects. Pentachlorophenol is significantly toxic to mammals, plants, and many microorganisms.
+ gosubset_prok
+ pentachlorophenol breakdown
+ biological_process
+ pentachlorophenol catabolism
+ pentachlorophenol degradation
+ MetaCyc:PCPDEG-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parathion catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ parathion catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of parathion, a highly toxic organophosphate compound. Degradation of parathion by sunlight or liver enzymes can result in the formation of the active compound paraoxon which interferes with the nervous system through cholinesterase inhibition.
+ biological_process
+ parathion breakdown
+ MetaCyc:PARATHION-DEGRADATION-PWY
+ parathion degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dibenzofuran catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzofuran, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by one ether bond and one carbon-carbon bond.
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:P662-PWY
+ dibenzofuran catabolism
+ dibenzofuran degradation
+ dibenzofuran breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dibenzo-p-dioxin catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:P661-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dibenzo-p-dioxin, a substance composed of two benzene rings linked by two ether bonds.
+ dibenzo-p-dioxin degradation
+ dibenzo-p-dioxin catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ dibenzo-p-dioxin breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trypanothione biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ trypanothione anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine) in two steps from glutathione and spermidine via an N1- or N8-glutathionylspermidine intermediate. Trypanothione appears to be an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation. It also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.
+ trypanothione biosynthesis
+ trypanothione formation
+ MetaCyc:TRYPANOSYN-PWY
+ trypanothione synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine
+
+ cysteine synthesis via cystathionine
+ cysteine formation via cystathionine
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate cystathionine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cysteine anabolism via cystathionine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cysteine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ cysteine formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cysteine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
+ cysteine synthesis
+ cysteine anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cysteine biosynthetic process via S-sulfo-L-cysteine
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cysteine biosynthesis via S-sulpho-L-cysteine
+ cysteine synthesis via S-sulfo-L-cysteine
+ cysteine biosynthetic process via S-sulpho-L-cysteine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine, via the intermediate S-sulfo-L-cysteine.
+ cysteine formation via S-sulfo-L-cysteine
+ cysteine anabolism via S-sulfo-L-cysteine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transsulfuration
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Transsulfuration_pathway
+ homocysteine-cysteine interconversion
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The interconversion of homocysteine and cysteine via cystathionine. In contrast with enteric bacteria and mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two transsulfuration pathways employing two separate sets of enzymes.
+ transsulphuration
+ MetaCyc:PWY-801
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol biosynthesis
+ GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol anabolism
+ GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol formation
+ GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol synthesis
+ MetaCyc:MANNOSYL-CHITO-DOLICHOL-BIOSYNTHESIS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dolichol metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ dolichol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribitol metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose. It occurs free in some plants and is a component of riboflavin.
+ ribitol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ teichoic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ teichoic acid formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.
+ teichoic acid anabolism
+ MetaCyc:TEICHOICACID-PWY
+ teichoic acid biosynthesis
+ teichoic acid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dethiobiotin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ desthiobiotin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ dethiobiotin anabolism
+ dethiobiotin biosynthesis
+ desthiobiotin biosynthetic process
+ dethiobiotin formation
+ biological_process
+ dethiobiotin synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dethiobiotin, a derivative of biotin in which the sulfur atom has been replaced by two hydrogen atoms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glycine
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glycine.
+ protoporphyrinogen IX synthesis from glycine
+ protoporphyrinogen IX anabolism from glycine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ protoporphyrinogen IX formation from glycine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protoporphyrinogen IX biosynthetic process from glutamate
+
+
+ protoporphyrinogen IX formation from glutamate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protoporphyrinogen IX from other compounds, including glutamate.
+ protoporphyrinogen IX synthesis from glutamate
+ gosubset_prok
+ protoporphyrinogen IX anabolism from glutamate
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ siroheme biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.
+ sirohaem biosynthetic process
+ AraCyc:PWYQT-62
+ siroheme anabolism
+ siroheme synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5194
+ gosubset_prok
+ siroheme formation
+ siroheme biosynthesis
+ sirohaem biosynthesis
+ siroheme synthase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process from aspartate
+
+
+ nicotinamide nucleotide anabolism from aspartate
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotide from other compounds, including aspartate.
+ nicotinamide nucleotide synthesis from aspartate
+ nicotinamide nucleotide formation from aspartate
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process from tryptophan
+
+
+ nicotinate nucleotide synthesis from tryptophan
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinate nucleotide from other compounds, including tryptophan.
+ nicotinate nucleotide anabolism from tryptophan
+ nicotinate nucleotide formation from tryptophan
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+ nicotinate nucleotide formation
+ nicotinate nucleotide anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinate (pyridine 3-carboxylic acid).
+ biological_process
+ nicotinate nucleotide synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ nicotinate nucleotide biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinate nucleotide salvage
+
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PYRIDNUCSAL-PWY
+ nicotinate nucleotide biosynthesis, salvage pathway
+ nicotinate nucleotide biosynthetic process, salvage pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ The generation of nicotinate nucleotide without de novo synthesis.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5381
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+ nicotinamide nucleotide formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide.
+ nicotinamide nucleotide anabolism
+ nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ nicotinamide nucleotide synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinamide nucleotide biosynthetic process from niacinamide
+
+ nicotinamide nucleotide formation from niacinamide
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide nucleotide from other compounds, including niacinamide.
+ nicotinamide nucleotide anabolism from niacinamide
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ nicotinamide nucleotide synthesis from niacinamide
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA biosynthetic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:P2-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA formation
+ 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA anabolism
+ 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA biosynthesis
+ 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridine nucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ pyridine nucleotide metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridine nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ pyridine nucleotide anabolism
+ pyridine nucleotide formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PYRIDNUCSYN-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
+ pyridine nucleotide synthesis
+ pyridine nucleotide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridine nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base.
+ pyridine nucleotide degradation
+ pyridine nucleotide catabolism
+ biological_process
+ pyridine nucleotide breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridine nucleotide salvage
+
+
+ Any process that generates a pyridine nucleotide, a nucleotide characterized by a pyridine derivative as a nitrogen base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyridine nucleotide cycling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid elongation, saturated fatty acid
+
+ Elongation of a saturated fatty acid chain.
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:FASYN-ELONG-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid elongation, unsaturated fatty acid
+
+ Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one or more C-C double bonds have been introduced.
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-862
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arachidonic acid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ arachidonic acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving arachidonic acid, a straight chain fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds per molecule. Arachidonic acid is the all-Z-(5,8,11,14)-isomer.
+ Wikipedia:Arachidonic_acid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukotriene biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ leukotriene biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leukotriene, a pharmacologically active substance derived from a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid.
+ Wikipedia:Leukotriene
+ gosubset_prok
+ leukotriene formation
+ leukotriene synthesis
+ leukotriene anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclooxygenase pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoxygenase pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epoxygenase P450 pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactolipid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ galactolipid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactolipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ galactolipid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.
+ galactolipid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ galactolipid anabolism
+ galactolipid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactolipid catabolic process
+
+
+ galactolipid degradation
+ galactolipid catabolism
+ galactolipid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactolipids, any glycolipid containing one of more residues of galactose and/or N-acetylgalactosamine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycolipid catabolic process
+
+
+ glycolipid degradation
+ glycolipid catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycolipid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolipid, a compound containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction by phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:SO4ASSIM-PWY
+ sulphate assimilation, phosphoadenylyl sulphate reduction by a phosphoadenylyl-sulphate reductase (thioredoxin)
+ The pathway by which inorganic sulfate is processed and incorporated into sulfated compounds, where the phosphoadenylyl sulfate reduction step is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin) (EC:1.8.4.8).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-phenylpropionate catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:P281-PWY
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-phenylpropionate, the anion of phenylpropanoic acid.
+ 3-phenylpropionate degradation
+ 3-phenylpropionate catabolism
+ 3-phenylpropionate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:HCAMHPDEG-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrazine catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide.
+ atrazine catabolism
+ atrazine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:P141-PWY
+ atrazine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbon tetrachloride catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbon tetrachloride, a toxic, carcinogenic compound which is used as a general solvent in industrial degreasing operations. It is also used as grain fumigant and a chemical intermediate in the production of refrigerants.
+ carbon tetrachloride degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ carbon tetrachloride breakdown
+ carbon tetrachloride catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ (+)-camphor catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone.
+ MetaCyc:P601-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ (+)-camphor degradation
+ (+)-camphor catabolism
+ biological_process
+ (+)-camphor breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caprolactam catabolic process
+
+
+ caprolactam degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ caprolactam breakdown
+ caprolactam catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of caprolactam, hexahydro-2h-azepin-2-one, a cyclic amide of caproic acid.
+ MetaCyc:P621-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methanogenesis, from acetate
+
+ biological_process
+ methane biosynthetic process from acetate
+ The formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other components, including acetate.
+ methane biosynthesis from acetate
+ MetaCyc:METH-ACETATE-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methanogenesis, from carbon dioxide
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:METHANOGENESIS-PWY
+ methane biosynthetic process from carbon dioxide
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other compounds, including carbon dioxide (CO2).
+ methane biosynthesis from carbon dioxide
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methanogenesis, from methanol
+
+ biological_process
+ methane biosynthetic process from methanol
+ The formation of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4, from other components, including methanol.
+ methane biosynthesis from methanol
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:METHFORM-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactose catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.
+ Reactome:258986
+ Reactome:244750
+ Reactome:255606
+ Reactome:252440
+ Reactome:238104
+ Reactome:286614
+ galactose degradation
+ Reactome:211681
+ Reactome:265178
+ galactose catabolism
+ Reactome:282788
+ Reactome:274024
+ MetaCyc:GALDEG-PWY
+ galactose breakdown
+ Reactome:280502
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:291700
+ Reactome:249657
+ Reactome:70370
+ Reactome:262356
+ Reactome:293676
+ Reactome:292403
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:221452
+ Reactome:230081
+ Reactome:268306
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronoside metabolic process
+
+ glucuronoside metabolism
+ glucuronide metabolism
+ glucuronide metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronosides, any compound formed by combination in glycosidic linkage of a hydroxy compound with the anomeric carbon atom of a glucuronate.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ glucuronoside biosynthesis
+ glucuronoside anabolism
+ glucuronoside formation
+ glucuronoside synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.
+ glucuronide biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucuronide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronoside catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ glucuronide catabolism
+ glucuronide catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronosides, compound composed of a hydroxy compound linked to a glucuronate residue.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:GLUCUROCAT-PWY
+ glucuronoside degradation
+ glucuronoside breakdown
+ glucuronoside catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucarate metabolic process
+
+ GO:0019581
+ glucarate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucarate, the dianion of glucaric acid, an aldaric acid derived from either glucose or gulose. There are two enantiomers L- and D-glucarate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucarate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ glucarate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.
+ glucarate anabolism
+ glucarate formation
+ biological_process
+ glucarate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucarate catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glucarate breakdown
+ glucarate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucarate, the anion of glucaric acid.
+ glucarate catabolism
+ MetaCyc:GLUCARDEG-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid oxidation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The removal of one or more electrons from a fatty acid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.
+ MetaCyc:FAO-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gallate catabolic process
+
+
+ gallate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gallate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid).
+ gosubset_prok
+ gallate catabolism
+ gallic acid catabolic process
+ gallic acid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gallate catabolic process via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, via the intermediate 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate.
+ gallate degradation via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate
+ gallate breakdown via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate
+ MetaCyc:GALLATE-DEGRADATION-I-PWY
+ gallic acid catabolic process via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate
+ biological_process
+ gallic acid catabolism via 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gallate catabolic process via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate
+
+ gallic acid catabolism via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, via the intermediate 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate.
+ MetaCyc:GALLATE-DEGRADATION-II-PWY
+ gallate degradation via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate
+ gallate breakdown via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate
+ gallic acid catabolic process via 4-carboxy-2-hydroxhexa-2,3-dienedioate
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclohexanol oxidation
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:CYCLOHEXANOL-OXIDATION-PWY
+ The cyclohexanol metabolic process by which cyclohexanol is converted to adipate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alditol metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ alditol metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alditol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ alditol biosynthesis
+ alditol formation
+ alditol anabolism
+ biological_process
+ alditol synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactitol metabolic process
+
+ galactitol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactitol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ galactitol anabolism
+ biological_process
+ galactitol synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
+ galactitol formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ galactitol biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactitol catabolic process
+
+
+ galactitol catabolism
+ galactitol degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactitol, the hexitol derived by the reduction of the aldehyde group of either D- or L-galactose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:GALACTITOLCAT-PWY
+ biological_process
+ galactitol breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alditol catabolic process
+
+
+
+ alditol breakdown
+ alditol catabolism
+ alditol degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alditols, any polyhydric alcohol derived from the acyclic form of a monosaccharide by reduction of its aldehyde or keto group to an alcoholic group.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexitol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ hexitol biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ hexitol synthesis
+ biological_process
+ hexitol formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ hexitol anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexitol catabolic process
+
+
+ hexitol breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ hexitol catabolism
+ hexitol degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hexitols, any alditol with a chain of six carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dolichol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dolichol anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ dolichol synthesis
+ dolichol formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichols, any 2,3-dihydropolyprenol derived from four or more linked isoprene units.
+ dolichol biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic respiration, using ammonia as electron donor
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:AMMOXID-PWY
+ biological_process
+ The metabolic process by which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen; enzymatic reactions convert ammonia to hydrazine, and hydrazine to nitrite.
+ aerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite via hydrazine
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic respiration, using carbon monoxide as electron donor
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The metabolic process by which carbon monoxide (CO) is oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) to generate energy. Conservation of energy in this process likely uses sodium ion gradients for ATP synthesis and is coupled to quantitative sulfide methylation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic respiration, using ferrous ions as electron donor
+
+
+ The metabolic process by which ferrous ions (Fe2+) are oxidized to ferric ions (Fe3+) to generate energy, coupled to the reduction of carbon dioxide.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor
+
+
+ hydrogen oxidation
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:P283-PWY
+ biological_process
+ The oxidation of hydrogen (H2) to water (H2O), using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. A hydrogenase enzyme binds H2 and the hydrogen atoms are passed through an electron transfer chain to O2 to form water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ acetate biosynthesis
+ acetate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ acetate synthesis
+ acetate anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic respiration, using sulfur or sulfate as electron donor
+
+
+ biological_process
+ aerobic respiration, using sulphur or sulphate as electron donor
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetate biosynthetic process from carbon monoxide
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetate from other compounds, including carbon monoxide.
+ acetate formation from carbon monoxide
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:CODH-PWY
+ biological_process
+ acetate anabolism from carbon monoxide
+ acetate synthesis from carbon monoxide
+ carbon monoxide dehydrogenase pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polythionate oxidation
+
+ MetaCyc:THIOSULFOX-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of thiosulfate to tetrathionate, using cytochrome c as an electron acceptor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfur oxidation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting the addition of oxygen to elemental sulfur.
+ sulphur oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfide oxidation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:P222-PWY
+ sulphide oxidation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of sulfide to elemental sulfur in a higher oxidation state, or to sulfite or sulfate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfate reduction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ sulfate reduction, APS pathway
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to another sulfur-containing ion or compound such as hydrogen sulfide, adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) or thiosulfate.
+ assimilatory sulfate reduction
+ biological_process
+ sulphate reduction
+ GO:0019421
+ assimilatory sulphate reduction
+ sulphate reduction, APS pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dissimilatory sulfate reduction
+
+ The reduction of sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, which acts as a terminal electron acceptor. Sulfate is activated to adenosine-phosphosulfate (APS) which is then reduced to sulfite, which is in turn reduced to hydrogen sulfide.
+ gosubset_prok
+ dissimilatory sulphate reduction
+ MetaCyc:DISSULFRED-PWY
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disproportionation of elemental sulfur
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ disproportionation of elemental sulphur
+ The process by which sulfur compounds with an intermediate oxidation state serve as both electron donors and electron acceptors in an energy-generating redox process. The reaction takes place anaerobically, in light and in the absence of CO2.
+ MetaCyc:P203-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfur oxidation, ferric ion-dependent
+
+ sulphur oxidation, ferric ion-dependent
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:FESULFOX-PWY
+ A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur:ferric ion oxidoreductase, and requires the presence of ferric ion (Fe3+).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfide oxidation, using siroheme sulfite reductase
+
+ sulfur oxidation, using siroheme sulfite reductase
+ sulphur oxidation, using siroheme sulphite reductase
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:P223-PWY
+ A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by siroheme sulfite reductase.
+ sulfur oxidation, using sirohaem sulfite reductase
+ sulfide oxidation, using sirohaem sulfite reductase
+ GO:0019425
+ sulphide oxidation, using siroheme sulphite reductase
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bisulfite reduction
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the reduction of sulfate to thiosulfate via bisulfite.
+ MetaCyc:P224-PWY
+ bisulphite reduction
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate
+
+
+ MetaCyc:ACETATEUTIL-PWY
+ acetyl-CoA synthesis from acetate
+ acetyl-CoA formation from acetate
+ acetyl-CoA anabolism from acetate
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate, either directly or via acetylphosphate.
+ acetate utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ allantoin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ allantoin anabolism
+ MetaCyc:URSIN-PWY
+ allantoin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ allantoin synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allantoin, (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea.
+ allantoin formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fluorene catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ fluorene breakdown
+ fluorene catabolism
+ fluorene degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fluorene, a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing a five-membered ring. It is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives and is also a by-product of coal-conversion and energy-related industries. It is commonly found in vehicle exhaust emissions, crude oils, motor oils, coal and oil combustion products, waste incineration, and industrial effluents.
+ MetaCyc:FLUORENE-DEG-9-ONE-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ removal of superoxide radicals
+
+ removal of oxygen free radicals
+ biological_process
+ removal of O2-
+ Any process involved in removing superoxide radicals (O2-) from a cell or organism, e.g. by conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:DETOX1-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from ethanol
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from ethanol via acetaldehyde.
+ acetyl-CoA synthesis from ethanol
+ acetyl-CoA formation from ethanol
+ acetyl-CoA anabolism from ethanol
+ MetaCyc:ETOH-ACETYLCOA-ANA-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triglyceride biosynthetic process
+
+
+ triglyceride anabolism
+ MetaCyc:TRIGLSYN-PWY
+ triacylglycerol biosynthesis
+ triglyceride biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
+ biological_process
+ triglyceride formation
+ triglyceride synthesis
+ triacylglycerol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triglyceride catabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:268233
+ Reactome:237983
+ Reactome:265110
+ triglyceride catabolism
+ Reactome:221326
+ triglyceride degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a triglyceride, any triester of glycerol.
+ Reactome:249545
+ Reactome:262278
+ Reactome:163560
+ Reactome:258883
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:252356
+ Reactome:229994
+ Reactome:273937
+ Reactome:280416
+ Reactome:288218
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:282760
+ MetaCyc:LIPAS-PWY
+ Reactome:291668
+ triglyceride breakdown
+ Reactome:211549
+ Reactome:255529
+ triacylglycerol catabolism
+ Reactome:293639
+ triacylglycerol catabolic process
+ Reactome:244602
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sophorosyloxydocosanoate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate, an aromatic hydrocarbon.
+ sophorosyloxydocosanoate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sophorosyloxydocosanoate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ sophorosyloxydocosanoate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:SOPHOROSYLOXYDOCOSANOATE-SYN-PWY
+ sophorosyloxydocosanoate formation
+ sophorosyloxydocosanoate synthesis
+ sophorosyloxydocosanoate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sophorosyloxydocosanoate catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:SOPHOROSYLOXYDOCOSANOATE-DEG-PWY
+ sophorosyloxydocosanoate degradation
+ sophorosyloxydocosanoate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sophorosyloxydocosanoate, 13-sophorosyloxydocosanoate 6',6''-diacetate.
+ sophorosyloxydocosanoate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aromatic compound biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.
+ gosubset_prok
+ aromatic compound biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthesis
+ aromatic compound synthesis
+ aromatic hydrocarbon biosynthetic process
+ aromatic compound formation
+ aromatic compound anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aromatic compound catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic compounds, any substance containing an aromatic carbon ring.
+ aromatic compound degradation
+ aromatic compound catabolism
+ aromatic hydrocarbon catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ aromatic hydrocarbon catabolic process
+ aromatic compound breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tryptophan catabolic process to indole-3-acetate
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:TRPIAACAT-PWY
+ tryptophan catabolism to indoleacetic acid
+ tryptophan catabolic process to IAA
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including indole-3-acetate.
+ tryptophan catabolic process to indoleacetic acid
+ tryptophan degradation to indole-3-acetate
+ tryptophan breakdown to indole-3-acetate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine
+
+ tryptophan degradation to kynurenine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including kynurenine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ tryptophan breakdown to kynurenine
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:TRPKYNCAT-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA
+
+
+ biological_process
+ tryptophan breakdown to acetyl-CoA
+ MetaCyc:TRYPTOPHAN-DEGRADATION-1
+ gosubset_prok
+ tryptophan degradation to acetyl-CoA
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tryptophan catabolic process to catechol
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tryptophan into other compounds, including catechol.
+ gosubset_prok
+ tryptophan degradation to catechol
+ tryptophan breakdown to catechol
+ MetaCyc:TRPCAT-PWY
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine catabolic process to fumarate
+
+
+
+ tyrosine degradation to fumarate
+ tyrosine breakdown to fumarate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including fumarate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:TYRFUMCAT-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine catabolic process to phosphoenolpyruvate
+
+ tyrosine breakdown to phosphoenolpyruvate
+ gosubset_prok
+ tyrosine degradation to phosphoenolpyruvate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tyrosine into other compounds, including phosphoenolpyruvate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-cysteine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ D-cysteine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin.
+ biological_process
+ D-cysteine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-cysteine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-cysteine catabolic process
+
+
+ L-cysteine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-cysteine catabolism
+ L-cysteine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-cysteine catabolic process to hypotaurine
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-cysteine degradation to hypotaurine
+ L-cysteine breakdown to hypotaurine
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including hypotaurine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including pyruvate.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-cysteine breakdown to pyruvate
+ L-cysteine degradation to pyruvate
+ MetaCyc:LCYSDEG-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-cysteine catabolic process to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase
+
+ L-cysteine breakdown to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase
+ L-cysteine degradation to pyruvate, using cysteine dioxygenase
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into pyruvate of L-cystine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (EC:1.13.11.20).
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:CYSTEINE-DEG-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-cysteine catabolic process to taurine
+
+
+ L-cysteine breakdown to taurine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine into other compounds, including taurine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-cysteine degradation to taurine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-cysteine, via the intermediate cystine.
+ biological_process
+ L-cysteine breakdown via cystine
+ L-cysteine degradation via cystine
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase
+
+ L-cysteine degradation via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase
+ biological_process
+ L-cysteine breakdown via cystine, using glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme glutathione-cystine transhydrogenase (EC:1.8.4.4).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cystine reductase
+
+ L-cysteine degradation via cystine, using cystine reductase
+ L-cysteine breakdown via cystine, using cystine reductase
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cystine reductase (EC:1.8.1.6).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-cysteine catabolic process via cystine, using cysteine transaminase
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown, via the compound cystine, of L-cysteine, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine transaminase (EC:2.6.1.3).
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-cysteine degradation via cystine, using cysteine transaminase
+ L-cysteine breakdown via cystine, using cysteine transaminase
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine catabolic process to succinyl-CoA
+
+
+ biological_process
+ methionine degradation to succinyl-CoA
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:METHIONINE-DEG1-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine into other compounds, including succinyl-CoA.
+ methionine breakdown to succinyl-CoA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine catabolic process via 2-oxobutanoate
+
+ methionine degradation via 2-oxobutanoate
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-701
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methionine, via the intermediate 2-oxobutanoate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ methionine breakdown via 2-oxobutanoate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate deamidation
+
+ MetaCyc:GLUTAMINDEG-PWY
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process to fumarate
+
+
+
+ glutamate degradation to fumarate
+ glutamate breakdown to fumarate
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including fumarate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
+
+ glutamate degradation to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fumarate of glutamate, catalyzed by the enzyme glutamate synthase (NADPH) (EC:1.4.1.13).
+ glutamate breakdown to fumarate, using glutamate synthase (NADPH)
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:GLUTAMINEFUM-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process to fumarate, using glutaminase
+
+ glutamate degradation to fumarate, using glutaminase
+ glutamate breakdown to fumarate, using glutaminase
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fumarate of glutamate, catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminase (EC:3.5.1.2).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine catabolic process to creatine
+
+
+ glycine degradation to creatine
+ glycine breakdown to creatine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:GLYCGREAT-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine into other compounds, including creatine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine decarboxylation via glycine cleavage system
+
+ biological_process
+ glycine cleavage system
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:GLYCLEAV-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aspartate transamidation
+
+ MetaCyc:ASPARTATESYN-PWY
+ MetaCyc:ASPARTATE-DEG1-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ The exchange of the amino group of aspartate, the anion derived from aspartic acid, for another amino group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ornithine catabolic process via proline
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine, via the intermediate proline.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:ORN-AMINOPENTANOATE-CAT-PWY
+ ornithine breakdown via proline
+ ornithine degradation via proline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ornithine catabolic process, by decarboxylation
+
+ ornithine breakdown, by decarboxylation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:ORNDEG-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ornithine by decarboxylation.
+ ornithine degradation, by decarboxylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nopaline catabolic process
+
+
+ nopaline catabolism
+ MetaCyc:NOPALINEDEG-PWY
+ nopaline breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ nopaline degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octopine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ octopine degradation
+ MetaCyc:OCTOPINEDEG-PWY
+ octopine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ octopine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-hydroxyproline catabolic process
+
+
+
+ 4-hydroxyproline catabolism
+ 4-hydroxyproline breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.
+ MetaCyc:HYDROXYPRODEG-PWY
+ 4-hydroxyproline degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-hydroxyproline metabolic process
+
+
+
+ 4-hydroxyproline metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline. The presence of hydroxyproline is essential to produce stable triple helical tropocollagen, hence the problems caused by ascorbate deficiency in scurvy. This unusual amino acid is also present in considerable amounts in the major glycoprotein of primary plant cell walls.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-hydroxyproline biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ 4-hydroxyproline synthesis
+ 4-hydroxyproline formation
+ 4-hydroxyproline biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-hydroxyproline, C5H9NO3, a derivative of the amino acid proline.
+ gosubset_prok
+ 4-hydroxyproline anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-lysine catabolic process to glutarate, by acetylation
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including glutarate, by acetylation.
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:LYSDEGII-PWY
+ L-lysine breakdown to glutarate, by acetylation
+ L-lysine degradation to glutarate, by acetylation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA.
+ L-lysine breakdown to acetyl-CoA
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-lysine degradation to acetyl-CoA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-lysine catabolic process to acetate
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetate.
+ L-lysine breakdown to acetate
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:P163-PWY
+ lysine fermentation
+ L-lysine degradation to acetate
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-lysine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-lysine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ D-lysine degradation
+ D-lysine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-lysine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-lysine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ L-lysine catabolism
+ L-lysine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+ D-amino acid breakdown
+ biological_process
+ D-amino acid catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-amino acid degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-alanine oxidation to D-lactate and ammonia
+
+ MetaCyc:ALACAT2-PWY
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to D-lactate and ammonia.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-alanine oxidation to pyruvate via D-alanine
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine to pyruvate, with D-alanine as an intermediate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:ALADEG-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-alanine catabolic process, by transamination
+
+ L-alanine degradation, by transamination
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine by transamination.
+ L-alanine breakdown, by transamination
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:ALANINE-DEG3-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-alanine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ beta-alanine metabolism
+ Wikipedia:Beta-alanine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-alanine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ beta-alanine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.
+ biological_process
+ beta-alanine synthesis
+ beta-alanine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ beta-alanine anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-alanine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ beta-alanine degradation
+ beta-alanine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ beta-alanine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine (3-aminopropanoic acid), an achiral amino acid and an isomer of alanine. It occurs free (e.g. in brain) and in combination (e.g. in pantothenate) but it is not a constituent of proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-alanine catabolic process to L-alanine
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including L-alanine.
+ biological_process
+ beta-alanine breakdown to L-alanine
+ beta-alanine degradation to L-alanine
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-alanine catabolic process to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:BETA-ALA-DEGRADATION-I-PWY
+ beta-alanine degradation to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-alanine into other compounds, including mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination.
+ beta-alanine breakdown to mevalonate semialdehyde, by transamination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic acetylene catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ anaerobic ethyne catabolic process
+ anaerobic acetylene degradation
+ anaerobic acetylene catabolism
+ anaerobic ethyne catabolism
+ anaerobic acetylene breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylene, a colorless, volatile, explosive gas, that occur in the absence of oxygen.
+ MetaCyc:P161-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
+
+
+ ribitol breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ ribitol degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ MetaCyc:RIBITOLUTIL-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. Ribitol is initially converted to D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to form ribulose 5-phosphate, which is then converted into xylulose 5-phosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ ribitol utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylgallate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ methylgallate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-aminobenzenesulfonate desulfonation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 2-aminobenzenesulphonate desulphonation
+ The removal of the sulfonate group from 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.
+ MetaCyc:2ASDEG-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectoine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
+ ectoine anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ ectoine formation
+ MetaCyc:P101-PWY
+ ectoine biosynthesis
+ ectoine synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proline salvage
+
+
+ proline cycling
+ Any process which produces the amino acid proline from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine catabolic process to proline
+
+
+ MetaCyc:ARG-PRO-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ arginine degradation to proline
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including proline.
+ arginine breakdown to proline
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proline catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
+
+
+ proline catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate
+ proline catabolism to 2-ketoglutarate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proline into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
+ proline catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate
+ proline catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate
+ biological_process
+ proline catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate
+ proline breakdown to 2-oxoglutarate
+ proline degradation to 2-oxoglutarate
+ gosubset_prok
+ proline catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serine-isocitrate lyase pathway
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexachlorocyclohexane, a cyclohexane derivative with 6 chlorine atoms attached to the hexane ring. Hexachlorocyclohexane consists of a mixture of 8 different isomers and was used a commercial insecticide. It is persistent in the environment, causing serious soil pollution.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ hexachlorocyclohexane metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ n-octane oxidation
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of n-octane to octanoyl-CoA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:P221-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanide metabolic process
+
+
+ cyanide metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration, reacting with the ferric form of cytochrome aa3 and thus blocking the electron transport chain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ cyanide catabolism
+ cyanide degradation
+ cyanide breakdown
+ MetaCyc:P401-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arsonoacetate catabolic process
+
+
+ arsonoacetate breakdown
+ MetaCyc:P482-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arsonoacetate, a synthetic, organic compound containing a single arsenic atom.
+ arsonoacetate catabolism
+ arsonoacetate degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stachydrine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ stachydrine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline found in alfalfa, chrysanthemum, and citrus plants.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stachydrine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stachydrine formation
+ stachydrine synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ stachydrine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.
+ stachydrine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stachydrine catabolic process
+
+
+ stachydrine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ stachydrine catabolism
+ MetaCyc:P561-PWY
+ stachydrine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stachydrine, N-methylproline methylbetaine, the betaine derivative of L-proline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ resorcinol metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving resorcinol (C6H4(OH)2), a benzene derivative with many applications, including dyes, explosives, resins and as an antiseptic.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 1,3-benzenediol metabolism
+ 1,3-benzenediol metabolic process
+ resorcinol metabolism
+ MetaCyc:P343-PWY
+ 1,3-dihydroxybenzene metabolism
+ 1,3-dihydroxybenzene metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylmercury acetate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ phenylmercury acetate catabolism
+ MetaCyc:P641-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.
+ phenylmercury acetate degradation
+ phenylmercury acetate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridine metabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:248582
+ Reactome:76517
+ Reactome:236372
+ Reactome:243501
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.
+ Reactome:219352
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:209614
+ Reactome:228159
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyridine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process to fumarate
+
+ 2,5-dihydroxypyridine breakdown to fumarate
+ maleamate pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ 2,5-dihydroxypyridine degradation to fumarate
+ MetaCyc:PWY-722
+ 2,5-dihydroxypyridine utilization
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine to form fumarate. 2,5-dihydroxypyridine is dioxygenated to give maleamate and formate; the maleamate from this reaction is then converted to maleate, which is then isomerized to fumurate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine salvage
+
+
+ biological_process
+ methionine recycling
+ methionine regeneration
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4361
+ The generation of L-methionine (2-amino-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid) from methylthioadenosine.
+ methionine salvage pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-adenosylhomocysteine catabolic process
+
+
+ S-adenosylhomocysteine catabolism
+ S-adenosylhomocysteine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:ADENOSYLHOMOCYSCAT-PWY
+ S-adenosylhomocysteine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine, forming homocysteine and then methionine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-proline hydroxylation
+
+ GO:0006472
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactose catabolic process via tagatose-6-phosphate
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, via the intermediate tagatose-6-phosphate.
+ lactose breakdown via tagatose-6-phosphate
+ lactose degradation via tagatose-6-phosphate
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:LACTOSECAT-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactose catabolic process, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ lactose degradation, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
+ biological_process
+ lactose breakdown, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, catalyzed by the enzyme glucoside 3-dehydrogenase (EC:1.1.99.13).
+ MetaCyc:LACTOSEUTIL-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ lactose breakdown via UDP-galactose
+ lactose degradation via UDP-galactose
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactate oxidation
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the conversion of lactate to other compounds, such as pyruvate, with concomitant loss of electrons.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ threonine catabolic process to D-lactate
+
+
+ threonine degradation to D-lactate
+ MetaCyc:THRDLCTCAT-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ threonine breakdown to D-lactate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound D-lactate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ threonine catabolic process to pyruvate
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ threonine degradation to pyruvate
+ threonine breakdown to pyruvate
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of threonine (2-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid) to form the compound pyruvate.
+ MetaCyc:THREONINE-DEG2-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentitol metabolic process
+
+ pentitol metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldonic acid metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ aldonic acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-gluconate metabolic process
+
+ D-gluconate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ketogluconate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ ketogluconate metabolism
+ MetaCyc:KETOGLUCONMET-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-idonate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
+ L-idonate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:IDNCAT-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-dehydro-D-gluconate catabolic process
+
+
+ D-dehydro-D-gluconate breakdown
+ MetaCyc:DHGLUCONATE-PYR-CAT-PWY
+ D-dehydro-D-gluconate catabolism
+ D-dehydro-D-gluconate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-dehydro-D-gluconate, the anion of D-dehydro-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-dehydro-D-gluconate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-dehydro-D-gluconate, the anion of D-dehydro-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-dehydro-D-gluconate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentitol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pentitol formation
+ pentitol synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ pentitol biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ pentitol anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentitol catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ pentitol breakdown
+ biological_process
+ pentitol degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentitols, any alditol with a chain of five carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ pentitol catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
+
+
+ D-arabitol utilization
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:DARABITOLUTIL-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabitol is converted into D-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to form D-xylulose-5-phosphate.
+ D-arabitol degradation
+ D-arabitol breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ D-arabitol degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ taurine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:TAURINEDEG-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.
+ taurine degradation
+ taurine catabolism
+ taurine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ taurine metabolic process
+
+ taurine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxalate transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ethanedioic acid transport
+ ethanedioate transport
+ oxalic acid transport
+ The directed movement of oxalate into, out of, within or between cells. Oxalate, or ethanedioic acid, occurs in many plants and is highly toxic to animals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellobiose transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of cellobiose into, out of, within or between cells. Cellobiose, or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose, is a disaccharide that represents the basic repeating unit of cellulose.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vibriobactin metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae.
+ biological_process
+ vibriobactin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vibriobactin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0031196
+ GO:0031195
+ vibriobactin biosynthesis
+ vibriobactin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ vibriobactin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vibriobactin, the major siderophore produced by Vibrio cholerae.
+ vibriobactin anabolism
+ vibriobactin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
+ vibriobactin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein metabolic process
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Protein_metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general. Includes protein modification.
+ goslim_plant
+ protein metabolism and modification
+ GO:0006411
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ goslim_generic
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein metabolism
+ protein metabolic process and modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ siderophore biosynthetic process from hydroxamic acid
+
+ siderochrome biosynthesis from hydroxamic acid
+ biological_process
+ siderophore biosynthetic process from hydroxamic acid, peptide formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ siderophore biosynthetic process from hydroxamic acid, peptide modification
+ siderochrome biosynthetic process from hydroxamic acid
+ siderophore formation from hydroxamic acid
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including hydroxamic acid.
+ siderophore synthesis from hydroxamic acid
+ GO:0031197
+ siderophore anabolism from hydroxamic acid
+ GO:0031198
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ siderophore biosynthetic process from catechol
+
+
+ siderophore biosynthetic process from catechol, peptide modification
+ siderochrome biosynthesis from catechol
+ siderophore anabolism from catechol
+ GO:0031189
+ siderophore biosynthetic process from catechol, peptide formation
+ GO:0031190
+ siderophore formation from catechol
+ gosubset_prok
+ siderochrome biosynthetic process from catechol
+ biological_process
+ siderophore synthesis from catechol
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a siderophore from other compounds, including catechol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propionate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ propionate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate, the anion derived from propionic (propanoic) acid, a carboxylic acid important in the energy metabolism of ruminants.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propionate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid.
+ propionate anabolism
+ propionate biosynthesis
+ propionate synthesis
+ propionate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propionate catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate, the anion derived from propionic acid.
+ biological_process
+ propionate breakdown
+ propionate degradation
+ propionate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine catabolic process to glutamate
+
+
+ MetaCyc:ARG-GLU-PWY
+ MetaCyc:ARGASEDEG-PWY
+ arginine degradation to glutamate
+ arginine breakdown to glutamate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including glutamate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine catabolic process to succinate
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including succinate.
+ MetaCyc:ARGDEG-IV-PWY
+ MetaCyc:AST-PWY
+ MetaCyc:ARGDEG-V-PWY
+ biological_process
+ arginine degradation to succinate
+ gosubset_prok
+ arginine breakdown to succinate
+ MetaCyc:ARGDEG-III-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine deiminase pathway
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine and CO2, using the enzyme arginine deiminase.
+ MetaCyc:ARGDEGRAD-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine catabolic process to ornithine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ arginine degradation to ornithine
+ arginine breakdown to ornithine
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including ornithine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine catabolic process to spermine
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arginine into other compounds, including spermine.
+ arginine breakdown to spermine
+ arginine degradation to spermine
+ MetaCyc:ARGSPECAT-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process to succinate
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4321
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glutamate degradation to succinate
+ glutamate breakdown to succinate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including succinate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process to aspartate
+
+
+ glutamate breakdown to aspartate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including aspartate.
+ glutamate degradation to aspartate
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:GLUTDEG-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate
+ biological_process
+ glutamate catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate
+ glutamate catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate
+ glutamate breakdown to 2-oxoglutarate
+ glutamate catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate
+ gosubset_prok
+ glutamate catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
+ MetaCyc:GLUTAMATE-DEG1-PWY
+ glutamate degradation to 2-oxoglutarate
+ glutamate catabolism to 2-ketoglutarate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process via 2-hydroxyglutarate
+
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-hydroxyglutarate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glutamate fermentation via 2-hydroxyglutarate
+ MetaCyc:P162-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process via L-citramalate
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:GLUDEG-II-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-citramalate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glutamate degradation via L-citramalate
+ glutamate breakdown via L-citramalate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process to oxaloacetate
+
+
+
+ glutamate degradation to oxaloacetate
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including oxaloacetate.
+ glutamate breakdown to oxaloacetate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process to ornithine
+
+
+ glutamate breakdown to ornithine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including ornithine.
+ MetaCyc:GLUTORN-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ glutamate degradation to ornithine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formamide
+
+
+ MetaCyc:HISDEG-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ histidine breakdown to glutamate and formamide
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formamide.
+ histidine degradation to glutamate and formamide
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine catabolic process to glutamate and formate
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ histidine breakdown to glutamate and formate
+ histidine degradation to glutamate and formate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including glutamate and formate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
+ histidine degradation to 2-oxoglutarate
+ histidine catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate
+ histidine breakdown to 2-oxoglutarate
+ histidine catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate
+ histidine catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate
+ biological_process
+ histidine catabolism to 2-ketoglutarate
+ gosubset_prok
+ histidine catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate
+ histidine catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine catabolic process to imidazol-5-yl-lactate
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including imidazol-5-yl-lactate.
+ histidine breakdown to imidazol-5-yl-lactate
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:HISTDEG-PWY
+ histidine degradation to imidazol-5-yl-lactate
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histidine catabolic process to hydantoin-5-propionate
+
+ MetaCyc:HISHP-PWY
+ histidine breakdown to hydantoin-5-propionate
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of histidine into other compounds, including hydantoin-5-propionate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ histidine degradation to hydantoin-5-propionate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic phenylalanine oxidation
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine under anaerobic conditions; occurs via the intermediates phenylpyruvate and phenylacetaldehyde.
+ MetaCyc:ANAPHENOXI-PWY
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylalanine catabolic process to phosphoenolpyruvate
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylalanine into other compounds, including phosphoenolpyruvate.
+ phenylalanine breakdown to phosphoenolpyruvate
+ biological_process
+ phenylalanine degradation to phosphoenolpyruvate
+ MetaCyc:PHENYLALANINE-DEG1-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, a sweet, hygroscopic, viscous liquid, widely distributed in nature as a constituent of many lipids.
+ glycerol catabolism
+ glycerol degradation
+ glycerol breakdown
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-381
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4261
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic glycerol catabolic process
+
+ aerobic glycerol breakdown
+ aerobic glycerol degradation
+ aerobic glycerol catabolism
+ aerobic glycerol fermentation
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0019565
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, in the presence of oxygen.
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-381
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabinose metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ arabinose metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinose, arabino-pentose. L-Arabinose occurs both free, for example in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, as a constituent of plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc. D-arabinose is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabinose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ arabinose formation
+ arabinose biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arabinose, arabino-pentose.
+ arabinose anabolism
+ arabinose synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabinose catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinose, arabino-pentose.
+ arabinose catabolism
+ biological_process
+ arabinose breakdown
+ arabinose degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
+
+
+ L-arabinose degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.
+ L-arabinose breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ MetaCyc:ARABCAT-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
+
+
+ L-arabinose catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-arabinose catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate
+ L-arabinose degradation to 2-oxoglutarate
+ L-arabinose catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate
+ L-arabinose catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose into other compounds, including 2-oxoglutarate.
+ L-arabinose catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate
+ biological_process
+ L-arabinose catabolism to 2-ketoglutarate
+ L-arabinose breakdown to 2-oxoglutarate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-arabinose catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.
+ D-arabinose degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-arabinose breakdown
+ D-arabinose catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-arabinose catabolic process
+
+
+ L-arabinose catabolism
+ L-arabinose breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabino-pentose.
+ L-arabinose degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-arabinose catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
+
+
+ D-arabinose degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ MetaCyc:DARABCAT-PWY
+ D-arabinose breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabinose to form xylulose 5-phosphate. D-arabinose is converted into D-ribulose, which is phosphorylated to ribulose-5-phosphate, which is isomerized to give D-xylulose-5-phosphate.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sucrose catabolic process, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
+
+ sucrose degradation, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
+ sucrose catabolism, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
+ biological_process
+ sucrose breakdown, using glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, catalyzed by the enzyme glucoside 3-dehydrogenase (EC:1.1.99.13).
+ MetaCyc:SUCROSEUTIL2-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sucrose catabolic process, using beta-fructofuranosidase
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sucrose, catalyzed by the enzyme beta-fructofuranosidase (EC:3.2.1.26).
+ sucrose catabolism, using beta-fructofuranosidase
+ MetaCyc:SUCUTIL-PWY
+ sucrose degradation, using beta-fructofuranosidase
+ gosubset_prok
+ sucrose breakdown, using beta-fructofuranosidase
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic fructose catabolic process
+
+ aerobic fructose degradation
+ aerobic fructose breakdown
+ aerobic fructose catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructose that occurs in the presence of oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldaric acid metabolic process
+
+ aldaric acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldaric acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.
+ aldaric acid anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ aldaric acid synthesis
+ aldaric acid formation
+ aldaric acid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldaric acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ aldaric acid catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ aldaric acid degradation
+ aldaric acid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldaric acid, any dicarboxylic acid formed by oxidation of by the terminal groups of an aldose to carboxyl group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactarate metabolic process
+
+ galactarate metabolism
+ mucic acid metabolism
+ mucic acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid, the meso-aldaric acid derived from both D- and L-galactose.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-galactarate catabolic process
+
+
+ D-galactarate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-galactarate breakdown
+ D-galactarate catabolism
+ MetaCyc:GALACTARDEG-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galactarate, the D-enantiomer of the anion of galactaric acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactonate metabolic process
+
+ galactonate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid, an organic acid derived from the sugar galactose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactonate catabolic process
+
+
+ galactonate breakdown
+ galactonate catabolism
+ galactonate degradation
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:GALACTCAT-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactonate, the anion of galactonic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronate metabolic process
+
+ Wikipedia:Glucuronic_acid
+ biological_process
+ GO:0019699
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucuronate, any salt or ester of glucuronic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from glucose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucuronate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galacturonate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid, the uronic acid formally derived from galactose by oxidation of the hydroxymethylene group at C-6 to a carboxyl group.
+ galacturonate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic glycerol catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ glycerol fermentation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic glycerol catabolic process to propane-1,3-diol
+
+ biological_process
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol into propane-1,3-diol and water.
+ glycerol fermentation to propane-1,3-diol
+ glycerol fermentation to 1,3-propanediol
+ MetaCyc:GOLPDLCAT-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-arabitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
+
+
+ L-arabitol and xylitol degradation
+ L-arabitol utilization
+ L-arabitol breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ MetaCyc:LARABITOLUTIL-PWY
+ L-arabitol degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-arabitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabitol utilization
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannitol catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3861
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
+ mannitol catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:MANNIDEG-PWY
+ mannitol breakdown
+ mannitol degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannitol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ mannitol formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3881
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
+ mannitol synthesis
+ mannitol biosynthesis
+ mannitol anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannitol metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ mannitol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannitol, the alditol derived from D-mannose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-phosphorylated glucose catabolic process
+
+
+ non-phosphorylated glucose degradation
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:NPGLUCAT-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ non-phosphorylated glucose catabolism
+ non-phosphorylated glucose breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-phosphorylated forms of glucose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mandelate catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.
+ mandelate breakdown
+ mandelate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ mandelate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ (R)-mandelate catabolic process to benzoate
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including benzoate.
+ biological_process
+ (R)-mandelate breakdown to benzoate
+ (R)-mandelate degradation to benzoate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ (R)-mandelate catabolic process to catechol
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-mandelate into other compounds, including catechol.
+ gosubset_prok
+ (R)-mandelate breakdown to catechol
+ (R)-mandelate degradation to catechol
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ (R)-4-hydroxymandelate catabolic process
+
+
+ (R)-4-hydroxymandelate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of (R)-4-hydroxymandelic acid.
+ (R)-4-hydroxymandelate breakdown
+ MetaCyc:4-HYDROXYMANDELATE-DEGRADATION-PWY
+ (R)-4-hydroxymandelate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toluene oxidation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the loss of electrons from one or more atoms in toluene.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toluene oxidation via 2-hydroxytoluene
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-2-OH-PWY
+ The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 2-hydroxytoluene (o-cresol).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toluene oxidation via 3-hydroxytoluene
+
+ biological_process
+ The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 3-hydroxytoluene (m-cresol).
+ MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-3-OH-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toluene oxidation via 4-hydroxytoluene
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-4-OH-PWY
+ biological_process
+ The degradation of toluene to form p-hydroxybenzoate; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form 4-hydroxytoluene (4-cresol).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toluene oxidation to catechol
+
+
+ The formation from toluene of catechol, dihydroxybenzene, by successive oxidations followed by loss of carbon dioxide (CO2).
+ MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-CATECHOL-PWY
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tol
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ butyrate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ butyrate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butyrate, the anions of butyric acid (butanoic acid), a saturated, unbranched aliphatic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-oxobutyrate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ 2-oxobutyrate catabolism
+ 2-oxobutyrate breakdown
+ alpha-ketobutyrate catabolic process
+ MetaCyc:2OXOBUTYRATECAT-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ alpha-ketobutyrate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.
+ 2-oxobutyrate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylethylamine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ phenylethylamine catabolism
+ MetaCyc:2PHENDEG-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.
+ phenylethylamine degradation
+ phenylethylamine breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotine catabolic process
+
+
+ nicotine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.
+ nicotine degradation
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:nic
+ gosubset_prok
+ nicotine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:P181-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-hydroxyphenylacetate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ 3-hydroxyphenylacetate metabolism
+ 3HPA metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.
+ 3HPA metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-hydroxyphenylacetate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ 3-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-hydroxyphenylacetate, 1,3-benzenediol monoacetate, also known as resorcinol monoacetate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ 3-hydroxyphenylacetate breakdown
+ 3-hydroxyphenylacetate catabolism
+ MetaCyc:3-HYDROXYPHENYLACETATE-DEGRADATION-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-toluenecarboxylate metabolic process
+
+
+ p-toluate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.
+ 4-toluenecarboxylate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ p-toluate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-toluenecarboxylate catabolic process
+
+
+ p-toluate catabolism
+ MetaCyc:4TOLCARBDEG-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-toluenecarboxylate, 4-methylbenzenecarboxylate, the anion of carboxylic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.
+ 4-toluenecarboxylate degradation
+ biological_process
+ 4-toluenecarboxylate catabolism
+ 4-toluenecarboxylate breakdown
+ p-toluate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catechol catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ catechol breakdown
+ catechol degradation
+ catechol catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol, a compound containing a pyrocatechol nucleus or substituent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catechol catabolic process, ortho-cleavage
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ catechol breakdown, ortho-cleavage
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the ortho-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between the two carbon atoms bearing hydroxyl groups.
+ catechol degradation, ortho-cleavage
+ MetaCyc:CATECHOL-ORTHO-CLEAVAGE-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catechol catabolic process, meta-cleavage
+
+ catechol degradation, meta-cleavage
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of catechol via the meta-cleavage pathway, in which the catechol aromatic ring is broken between a hydroxylated carbon atom and an adjacent unsubstituted carbon atom.
+ catechol breakdown, meta-cleavage
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:P183-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protocatechuate catabolic process, meta-cleavage
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:P184-PWY
+ biological_process
+ protocatechuate breakdown, meta-cleavage
+ protocatechuate degradation, meta-cleavage
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield oxaloacetate and pyruvate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protocatechuate catabolic process, ortho-cleavage
+
+ MetaCyc:PROTOCATECHUATE-ORTHO-CLEAVAGE-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, to yield beta-ketoadipate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ protocatechuate degradation, ortho-cleavage
+ protocatechuate breakdown, ortho-cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protocatechuate catabolic process
+
+
+ protocatechuate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
+ protocatechuate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ protocatechuate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic benzoate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) that occur in the presence of oxygen.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ aerobic benzoate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ creatinine catabolic process to formate
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of creatinine into other compounds, including formate.
+ creatinine degradation to formate
+ creatinine breakdown to formate
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:CRNFORCAT-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:HCAMHPDEG-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.
+ 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate breakdown
+ 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrazine catabolic process to urea
+
+
+ atrazine degradation to urea
+ atrazine breakdown to urea
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into urea.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrazine catabolic process to isopropylamine
+
+ atrazine degradation to isopropylamine
+ atrazine breakdown to isopropylamine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into isopropylamine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrazine catabolic process to cyanuric acid
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of atrazine, a triazine ring-containing herbicide, into cyanuric acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:P141-PWY
+ atrazine breakdown to cyanuric acid
+ atrazine degradation to cyanuric acid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ short-chain fatty acid catabolic process
+
+
+ short-chain fatty acid catabolism
+ MetaCyc:ACETOACETATE-DEG-PWY
+ short-chain fatty acid degradation
+ short-chain fatty acid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acids with a chain length of less than 8 carbons.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urea metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ urea metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2, produced in the liver by the ornithine cycle. It is the main nitrogen-containing excretion product in ureotelic animals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:P165-PWY
+ uric acid catabolic process
+ urate breakdown
+ urate degradation
+ urate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propionate catabolic process, 2-methylcitrate cycle
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propionate that occurs in the 2-methylcitrate cycle.
+ propionate breakdown, 2-methylcitrate cycle
+ propionate degradation, 2-methylcitrate cycle
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quinate metabolic process
+
+ quinate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ quinic acid metabolic process
+ quinic acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinate, the anion of quinic acid. The acid occurs commonly in plants, either free or as esters, and is used as a medicine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quinate catabolic process
+
+
+ quinate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinate, the anion of quinic acid.
+ quinic acid catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ quinic acid catabolism
+ MetaCyc:QUINATEDEG-PWY
+ quinate breakdown
+ quinate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shikimate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid. It is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ shikimate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shikimate catabolic process
+
+
+ shikimate catabolism
+ MetaCyc:SHIKIMATEDEG-PWY
+ shikimate degradation
+ biological_process
+ shikimate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphonate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphonate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Metabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-aminoethylphosphonate catabolic process
+
+
+ 2-aminoethylphosphonate breakdown
+ ciliatine catabolism
+ MetaCyc:PHOSPHONOTASE-PWY
+ 2-aminoethylphosphonate degradation
+ ciliatine catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ 2-phosphonoethylamine catabolism
+ 2-aminoethylphosphonate catabolism
+ 2-phosphonoethylamine catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, also known as ciliatine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphonoacetate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:P483-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphonoacetate, C2H4PO5, a substance composed of an acetate and a phosphonic acid residue.
+ phosphonoacetate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organophosphate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound. They include a number of organophosphorus compounds that were originally developed as nerve gases, but were formerly used as insecticides and anthelmintics, which worked by inhibiting serine proteases.
+ organophosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 6-hydroxycineole metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ hydroxycineol metabolic process
+ 6-endo-hydroxycineole metabolic process
+ hydroxycineol metabolism
+ 6-endo-hydroxycineole metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2.
+ 6-hydroxycineole metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 6-hydroxycineole catabolic process
+
+
+
+ 6-endo-hydroxycineole catabolism
+ 6-hydroxycineole degradation
+ 6-hydroxycineole breakdown
+ 6-hydroxycineole catabolism
+ hydroxycineol catabolism
+ MetaCyc:6-HYDROXYCINEOLE-DEGRADATION-PWY
+ 6-endo-hydroxycineole catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-hydroxycineole (6-hydroxy-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane), a hydrocarbon with the formula C10H18O2.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ hydroxycineol catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronate catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ glucuronate degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ glucuronate breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucuronate into other compounds, including xylulose 5-phosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Embden-Meyerhof pathway
+
+ Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:GLYCOLYSIS
+ biological_process
+ The main pathway for anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates. Starch or glycogen is hydrolyzed to glucose 1-phosphate and then through a series of intermediates, yielding two ATP molecules per glucose and producing either pyruvate (which feeds into the tricarboxylic acid cycle) or lactate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic glycolysis
+
+ modifed Embden-Meyerhof pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:ANAGLYCOLYSIS-PWY
+ MetaCyc:P341-PWY
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle
+
+
+ GO:0019644
+ reductive carboxylate cycle
+ gosubset_prok
+ reductive Kreb's cycle
+ reductive TCA cycle
+ MetaCyc:REDCITCYC
+ A pathway leading to the fixation of two molecules of CO2 and the production of one molecule of acetyl-CoA; essentially the oxidative TCA cycle running in reverse. Acetyl-CoA is reductively carboxylated to pyruvate, from which all other central metabolites can be formed. Most of the enzymes of reductive and oxidative TCA cycle are shared, with the exception of three key enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate, and fumarate reductase the reduction of fumarate forming succinate.
+ reductive citric acid pathway
+ MetaCyc:P23-PWY
+ biological_process
+ reductive carboxylic acid cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic electron transport chain
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic electron transport chain
+
+ NADH-O2 electron transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0006137
+ GO:0006136
+ succinate-O2 electron transport
+ GO:0006138
+ A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to oxygen to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
+ ubiquinone-8-O2 electron transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formaldehyde assimilation via ribulose monophosphate cycle
+
+ The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the ribulose monophosphate cycle. Methanotrophic bacteria produce formaldehyde from the oxidation of methane and methanol, and then assimilate it via the ribulose monophosphate cycle to form intermediates of the central metabolic routes that are subsequently used for biosynthesis of cell material. Three molecules of formaldehyde are assimilated, forming a three-carbon intermediate of central metabolism; in this pathway, all cellular carbon is assimilated at the oxidation level of formaldehyde.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1861
+ ribulose monophosphate cycle
+ biological_process
+ formaldehyde assimilation via RuMP cycle
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formaldehyde assimilation via xylulose monophosphate cycle
+
+
+ formaldehyde assimilation via xylulose-5-phosphate cycle
+ The pathway in which formaldehyde is used as a carbon source in the xylulose monophosphate cycle. Methylotrophic yeasts, but not bacteria, utilize the xylulose monophosphate cycle to fix formaldehyde and convert it into metabolically useful organic compounds.
+ MetaCyc:P185-PWY
+ formaldehyde fixation cycle
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formaldehyde assimilation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The pathways in which formaldehyde is processed and used as a carbon source for the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose catabolic process to butanediol
+
+
+ MetaCyc:P125-PWY
+ gosubset_prok
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into 2,3-butanediol and other substances; effected by some members of the Enterobacteriaceae, e.g. Enterobacter, Erwinia, Klebsiella, and Serratia.
+ biological_process
+ glucose fermentation to butanediol
+ GO:0030646
+ Wikipedia:Butanediol_fermentation
+ butanediol fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ citrate catabolic process to diacetyl
+
+ diacetyl fermentation
+ biological_process
+ citrate fermentation to diacetyl
+ gosubset_prok
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of citrate to diacetyl, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactate fermentation to propionate and acetate
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ propionate fermentation
+ The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of lactate to propionate, concomitant with the oxidation of lactate to acetate and CO2 and yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
+ biological_process
+ acrylate pathway
+ MetaCyc:PROPFERM-PWY
+ nonrandomizing pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic purine catabolic process
+
+
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purines, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5497
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5044
+ MetaCyc:P164-PWY
+ biological_process
+ purine fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetate fermentation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:P142-PWY
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose catabolic process to ethanol
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose; it is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2), producing two molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose.
+ ethanol fermentation
+ glucose fermentation to ethanol
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Ethanol_fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose catabolic process to D-lactate and ethanol
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ heterolactic fermentation
+ heterofermentation
+ glucose fermentation to D-lactate and ethanol
+ heterofermentative pathway
+ biological_process
+ heterolactate fermentation
+ MetaCyc:P122-PWY
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the enzymatic breakdown of D-glucose to D-lactate and ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at the rate of one ATP per glucose molecule.
+ heterofermentative lactate fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate fermentation to propionate
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The anaerobic conversion of pyruvate to propionate, yielding energy in the form of ATP; an alternative to the acrylate pathway to produce propionate.
+ MetaCyc:P108-PWY
+ succinate-propionate fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose catabolic process to lactate and acetate
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:P124-PWY
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ bifidum pathway
+ biological_process
+ glucose fermentation to lactate and acetate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose catabolic process to lactate
+
+
+ The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, and possibly ethanol, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
+ lactate fermentation
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucose fermentation to lactate
+ Wikipedia:Lactic_acid_fermentation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycolytic fermentation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Fermentation that includes the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The anaerobic enzymatic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose to lactate, via pyruvate, yielding energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
+ homofermentative lactate fermentation
+ homolactic fermentation
+ homofermentation
+ biological_process
+ homofermentative pathway
+ homolactate fermentation
+ glucose fermentation to lactate via pyruvate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-glycolytic fermentation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Fermentation that does not include the anaerobic conversion of glucose to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homoacetate catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ homoacetate fermentation
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homoacetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose catabolic process to mixed acids
+
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose into ethanol, lactate, formate, succinate, and acetate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ biological_process
+ glucose fermentation to mixed acids
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Mixed_acid_fermentation
+ mixed acid fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ amino acid fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrogenous compound catabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrogen-containing compound, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ nitrogenous compound fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic L-alanine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ L-alanine fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic catabolic process of pairs of amino acids
+
+ Stickland reaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ cofermentation of pairs of amino acids
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amino acids; in these reactions, one amino acid is oxidised (acts as an electron donor) and a different amino acid is reduced (acts as an electron acceptor); oxidation of the electron-donating amino acid yields energy in the form of ATP.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic glycine catabolic process
+
+
+ glycine fermentation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic glutamate catabolic process
+
+
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glutamate fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process via mesaconate and citramalate
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate via the intermediates mesaconate and S-citramalate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ glutamate fermentation via mesaconate and citramalate
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:GLUDEG-II-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanol-acetate fermentation to butyrate and caproate
+
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanol and acetate to butyrate and caproate, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-mannose metabolic process
+
+
+ GDP-mannose metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NAD metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid.
+ biological_process
+ oxidized NAD metabolism
+ NAD (oxidized) metabolic process
+ NAD (oxidized) metabolism
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
+ NAD phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
+ NAD metabolism
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism
+ oxidized NAD metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ammonia assimilation cycle
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3282
+ MetaCyc:AMMASSIM-PWY
+ The pathway by which ammonia is processed and incorporated into a cell. In an energy-rich (glucose-containing), nitrogen-poor environment glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase form an ammonia assimilatory cycle, in which ammonia is incorporated into L-glutamate to form L-glutamine, which then combines with alpha-ketoglutarate to regenerate L-glutamate. This ATP-dependent cycle is essential for nitrogen-limited growth and for steady-state growth with some sources of nitrogen.
+ biological_process
+ glutamate metabolism via glutamine and ammonia
+ glutamate metabolic process via glutamine and ammonia
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NAD catabolic process
+
+
+ NAD (oxidized) catabolism
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolism
+ NAD (reduced) catabolic process
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolic process
+ NADH catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; catabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
+ NAD breakdown
+ NAD (reduced) catabolism
+ NAD degradation
+ oxidized NAD catabolic process
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0006737
+ NADH catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ reduced NAD catabolism
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolic process
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolic process
+ NAD (oxidized) catabolic process
+ reduced NAD catabolic process
+ oxidized NAD catabolism
+ NAD catabolism
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propionate metabolic process, methylmalonyl pathway
+
+ MetaCyc:PROPIONMET-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylmalonyl pathway.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ propionate metabolism, methylmalonyl pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propionate metabolic process, methylcitrate cycle
+
+ propionate metabolism, methylcitrate cycle
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving propionate that occur in the methylcitrate cycle.
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-42
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-methylmalonyl-CoA biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ L-methylmalonyl-CoA synthesis
+ L-methylmalonyl-CoA anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-methylmalonyl-CoA formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-43
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-methylmalonyl-CoA, the L-enantiomer of 2-carboxypropanoyl-CoA.
+ L-methylmalonyl-CoA biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetyl-CoA assimilation pathway
+
+
+ acetyl-CoA catabolism to 2-ketoglutarate
+ acetyl-CoA catabolism to 2-oxoglutarate
+ The pathways by which acetyl-CoA is processed and converted into alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate); methanogenic archaea use these pathways to assimilate acetyl-CoA into the cell.
+ biological_process
+ acetyl-CoA catabolism to alpha-ketoglutarate
+ gosubset_prok
+ acetyl-CoA catabolic process to alpha-ketoglutarate
+ acetyl-CoA catabolic process to 2-ketoglutarate
+ acetyl-CoA catabolism to alpha-oxoglutarate
+ acetyl-CoA catabolic process to 2-oxoglutarate
+ acetyl-CoA catabolic process to alpha-oxoglutarate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolic process
+
+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolism
+ glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.
+ glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate catabolism
+ glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate degradation
+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthesis, light reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The light reactions of photosynthesis, which take place in photosystems II and I. Light energy is harvested and used to power the transfer of electrons among a series of electron donors and acceptors. The final electron acceptor is NADP+, which is reduced to NADPH. NADPH generated from light reactions is used in sugar synthesis in dark reactions. Light reactions also generate a proton motive force across the thylakoid membrane, and the proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP. There are two chemical reactions involved in the light reactions: water oxidation in photosystem II, and NADP reduction in photosystem I.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Photolysis
+ photolysis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-101
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthesis, dark reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A complex cycle of enzyme-mediated reactions which catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugar. As well as carbon dioxide the cycle requires reducing power in the form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The reduced NADP (NADPH) and ATP are produced by the 'light' reactions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside interconversion
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate biosynthetic process from acetate
+
+
+ pyruvate formation from acetate
+ pyruvate synthesis from acetate
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate from other compounds, including acetate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyruvate anabolism from acetate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside interconversion
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside interconversion
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside interconversion
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-glucose conversion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribose phosphate metabolic process
+
+ deoxyribose phosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribose phosphate metabolic process
+
+ ribose phosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkanesulfonate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ alkanesulphonate metabolism
+ alkanesulfonate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ alkanesulphonate metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety.
+ MetaCyc:ALKANEMONOX-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ choline metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ choline metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toluene oxidation via toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol
+
+ MetaCyc:TOLUENE-DEG-DIOL-PWY
+ The degradation of toluene to form pyruvate and acetaldehyde; the first step in the pathway is the oxidation of toluene to form toluene-cis-1,2-dihydrodiol.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-xylitol catabolic process to xylulose 5-phosphate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ L-xylitol breakdown to xylulose 5-phosphate
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:LARABITOLUTIL-PWY
+ L-xylitol utilization
+ L-arabitol and xylitol degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol to form xylulose 5-phosphate. L-xylitol is converted into L-xylulose, which is then phosphorylated to L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is converted to D-xylulose-5-phosphate via the intermediate L-ribulose-5-phosphate.
+ L-xylitol degradation to xylulose 5-phosphate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-galacturonate catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-galacturonate degradation
+ MetaCyc:GALACTUROCAT-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
+ biological_process
+ D-galacturonate breakdown
+ D-galacturonate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphonate catabolic process
+
+
+ phosphonate degradation
+ biological_process
+ phosphonate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Catabolism of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.
+ phosphonate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine N5-methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0305
+ peptidyl-arginine delta-N-methylation
+ The methylation of peptidyl-arginine on the internal nitrogen-5 (N5) atom (also called delta-nitrogen) to form peptidyl-N5-methyl-L-arginine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme A-peptidyl-cysteine covalent linking
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0306
+ The covalent linkage of coenzyme A and peptidyl-cysteine to form L-cysteine coenzyme A disulfide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+
+ peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0307
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine.
+ peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-S-myristoyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester biosynthesis from peptidyl-glycine
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester anabolism from peptidyl-glycine
+ The synthesis of peptidyl-glycine cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol ester at the carboxy-terminus of autolytically cleaved proteins.
+ peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester synthesis from peptidyl-glycine
+ RESID:AA0309
+ peptidyl-glycine cholesteryl ester formation from peptidyl-glycine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0310
+ gosubset_prok
+ The incorporation of iron into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulphide
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-asparagine methylation
+
+ RESID:AA0311
+ The methylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-N4-methyl-L-asparagine or peptidyl-N4,N4-dimethyl-L-asparagine.
+ RESID:AA0070
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0018018
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid from other compounds, including peptidyl-aspartic acid.
+ peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid synthesis from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid formation from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+ peptidyl-beta-carboxyaspartic acid anabolism from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutamic acid
+
+ biological_process
+ The methyl esterification of peptidyl-glutamic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester anabolism from glutamic acid
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester formation from glutamic acid
+ RESID:AA0072
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester synthesis from glutamic acid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester biosynthetic process from glutamine
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0072
+ The coupled methyl esterification and deamidation of peptidyl-glutamine.
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester formation from glutamine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester synthesis from glutamine
+ peptidyl-L-glutamic acid 5-methyl ester anabolism from glutamine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glutamine esterification
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation to form L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid
+
+ RESID:AA0027
+ gosubset_prok
+ See also the molecular function term 'peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase activity ; GO:0004597'.
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartic acid; catalyzed by peptide-aspartate beta-dioxygenase (EC:1.14.11.16).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-alanine monomethylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The monomethylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative peptidyl-N-methyl-L-alanine.
+ RESID:AA0061
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any of the discrete particles (nerve-ending particles) formed from the clublike presynaptic nerve endings that resist disruption and are snapped or torn off their attachments when brain tissue is homogenized in media isosmotic to plasma.
+ Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
+ Wikipedia:Synaptosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rough microsome
+
+ Vesicular particles formed from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum membranes and studded with ribosomes on the outside.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth microsome
+
+ Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
+ Vesicular particles formed from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes without any adhering ribosomes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mo-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Moco metabolism
+ Mo-molybdopterin cofactor metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
+ Moco metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium-mediated signaling
+
+ calcium signalling
+ calcium-mediated signalling
+ calcium signaling
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Calcium_signaling
+ A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell mediated immunity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was moved.
+ B-lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ B lymphocyte mediated immunity
+ B lymphocyte mediated immune effector process
+ B-lymphocyte mediated immune effector process
+ B-cell mediated immune effector process
+ B-cell mediated immunity
+ Any process involved with the carrying out of an immune response by a B cell, through, for instance, the production of antibodies or cytokines, or antigen presentation to T cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular homeostasis
+
+
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_plant
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium at the level of the cell.
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_generic
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-allysine oxidation to 2-aminoadipic acid
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0370
+ gosubset_prok
+ The oxidation of allysine to 2-aminoadipic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-glutaminyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+
+
+ See also the biological process term 'peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation ; GO:0018251'.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biosynthetic process of protein-protein cross-link via 2-imino-glutaminyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
+ The formation of the fluorescent protein FP583 chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a glutamine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
+ RESID:AA0189
+ biosynthesis of protein-protein cross-link via 2-imino-glutaminyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antimicrobial humoral response
+
+
+ GO:0006960
+ GO:0019735
+ biological_process
+ An immune response against microbes mediated through a body fluid.
+ antimicrobial humoral response (sensu Protostomia)
+ antimicrobial humoral response (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibacterial humoral response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ An immune response against bacteria mediated through a body fluid.
+ antibacterial humoral response (sensu Protostomia)
+ GO:0019733
+ antibacterial humoral response (sensu Vertebrata)
+ GO:0006961
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antifungal humoral response
+
+
+ antifungal humoral response (sensu Vertebrata)
+ biological_process
+ GO:0019734
+ GO:0006966
+ An immune response against a fungus mediated through a body fluid.
+ antifungal humoral response (sensu Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-sarcosine incorporation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The incorporation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) into non-coded peptides.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0063
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrogen utilization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentacyclic triterpenoid catabolic process
+
+
+ pentacyclic triterpenoid catabolism
+ pentacyclic triterpenoid breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.
+ pentacyclic triterpenoid degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentacyclic triterpenoid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.
+ pentacyclic triterpenoid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hopanoid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.
+ biological_process
+ hopanoid degradation
+ hopanoid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ hopanoid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hopanoid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ hopanoid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pentacyclic triterpenoid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ pentacyclic triterpenoid synthesis
+ pentacyclic triterpenoid formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds, terpenoids with six isoprene units and 5 carbon rings.
+ pentacyclic triterpenoid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hopanoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ hopanoid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ hopanoid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hopanoids, pentacyclic sterol-like compounds based on the hopane nucleus.
+ hopanoid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ hopanoid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ regulation of isoprenoid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary metabolic process
+
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_generic
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in many of the chemical changes of compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon. In multicellular organisms secondary metabolism is generally carried out in specific cell types, and may be useful for the organism as a whole. In unicellular organisms, secondary metabolism is often used for the production of antibiotics or for the utilization and acquisition of unusual nutrients.
+ Wikipedia:Secondary_metabolism
+ goslim_pir
+ secondary metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoskeleton-dependent cytoplasmic transport, nurse cell to oocyte
+
+
+ The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements, such as microfilaments or microtubules, from a nurse cell to an oocyte.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast transport
+
+ The directed movement of a chloroplast, a chlorophyll-containing plastid found in cells of algae and higher plants, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyol metabolic process
+
+ polyol metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
+ polyhydric alcohol metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carboxylic acid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ carboxylic acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ one-carbon compound biosynthetic process
+
+
+ one-carbon compound synthesis
+ one-carbon compound anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds containing a single carbon atom.
+ one carbon compound biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ one carbon compound biosynthesis
+ one-carbon compound formation
+ one-carbon compound biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ one-carbon compound catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds containing a single carbon atom.
+ gosubset_prok
+ one carbon compound catabolic process
+ one-carbon compound degradation
+ one-carbon compound breakdown
+ one-carbon compound catabolism
+ one carbon compound catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ one-carbon compound transport
+
+ The directed movement of one-carbon compounds into, out of, within or between cells.
+ one carbon compound transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanogenic glycoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ cyanogenic glycoside biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cyanogenic glycoside synthesis
+ cyanogenic glycoside formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.
+ cyanogenic glycoside anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosinolate metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glycosinolate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosinolate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ glycosinolate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycosinolate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
+ glycosinolate biosynthesis
+ glycosinolate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosinolate catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosinolates, substituted thioglycosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
+ glycosinolate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycosinolate breakdown
+ glycosinolate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosinolate metabolic process
+
+ glucosinolate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosinolate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ glucosinolate biosynthesis
+ glucosinolate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucosinolate anabolism
+ glucosinolate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosinolate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5267
+ glucosinolate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucosinolates, substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae.
+ glucosinolate catabolism
+ glucosinolate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the proteasome core complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+ The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two inner rings of the proteasome core complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nonprotein amino acid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any amino acid not found, or rarely found, in peptide linkage in proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ nonprotein amino acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nonprotein amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ nonprotein amino acid anabolism
+ nonprotein amino acid biosynthesis
+ nonprotein amino acid synthesis
+ nonprotein amino acid formation
+ biological_process
+ Note that amino acids that do not normally occur as a constituent resident of proteins are common in plants, but relatively rare in animals, and the term should usually be applied only within the plant domain.
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino acid that does not normally occur as a constituent residue of proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nonprotein amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nonprotein amino acid catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino acid not found, or rarely found, in peptide linkage in proteins.
+ nonprotein amino acid breakdown
+ nonprotein amino acid degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0219
+ peptide cross-linking via chondroitin 4-sulphate glycosaminoglycan
+ The formation of a cross-link between peptide chains mediated by a chondroitin 4-sulfate glycosaminoglycan that originates from a typical O-glycosidic link to serine of one chain; the other chain is esterified, via the alpha-carbon of its C-terminal Asp, to C-6 of an internal N-acetylgalactosamine of the glycosaminoglycan chain.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclization of asparagine, during protein splicing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the biological process term 'intein-mediated protein splicing ; GO:0016539'.
+ RESID:AA0302
+ The cyclization of asparagine to yield an L-aspartimide (otherwise known as alpha-aminosuccinimide) residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclization of glutamine, during protein splicing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0303
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'peptidyl-pyroglutamic acid biosynthesis, using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase ; GO:0017186'. See also the biological process term 'intein-mediated protein splicing ; GO:0016539'.
+ The cyclization of glutamine to yield an L-glutamimide residue at the C-terminus of an excised intein during protein splicing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-aspartic acid carboxylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0304
+ The carboxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-beta-carboxyaspartic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quinolinate synthetase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ See also the molecular function term 'L-aspartate oxidase activity ; GO:0008734'.
+ A heterodimer which acts as a quinolinate synthetase; quinolinate synthetase B (L-aspartate oxidase) catalyzes the oxidation of L-aspartate to L-iminoaspartate; quinolinate synthetase A condenses L-imidoaspartate and dihydroxyacetone to quinolinate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quinolinate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ quinolinate biosynthesis
+ quinolinate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ quinolinate synthesis
+ quinolinate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
+
+
+ A multisubunit complex composed of two copies of a restriction (R) subunit, two copies of a methylation (M) subunit, and one copy of a specificity (S) subunit. This complex recognizes specific short DNA sequences (through the S subunit), and binds to them. If the recognition site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a methyltransferase which modifies the recognition site, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Only the M and S subunits are required for this reaction. If the complex binds to an unmethylated recognition site, then the complex translocates the DNA bidirectionally in an ATP-dependent manner. When the translocation is stalled by impact with another complex or unusual DNA structure, the enzyme functions as an endonuclease and cleavage of the DNA will occur, hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site. These DNA restriction systems are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
+ cellular_component
+ Type I restriction enzyme complex
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Type III restriction enzyme complex
+ A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of two subunits, Res and Mod, that functions as an endonuclease and cleaves DNA. Cleavage will only occur when there are two un-methylated copies of a specific recognition site in an inverse orientation on the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance away from one of the recognition sites. The Mod subunit can act alone as a methyltansferase. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin complex
+
+ goslim_pir
+ A protein complex that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains, held together by disulfide bonds and sometimes complexed with additional proteins. An immunoglobulin complex may be embedded in the plasma membrane or present in the extracellular space, in mucosal areas or other tissues, or circulating in the blood or lymph.
+ antibody
+ Note that an immunoglobulin complex has the function of antigen binding if a suitable antigen is available.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell receptor complex
+
+
+
+ B-lymphocyte receptor complex
+ B-cell receptor complex
+ Note that an immunoglobulin complex has the function of antigen binding if a suitable antigen is available.
+ BCR complex
+ An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
+ B lymphocyte receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+ antibody
+ immunoglobulin complex, membrane bound
+ B cell receptor accessory molecule complex
+ GO:0042570
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle fusion with peroxisome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the peroxisome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ P1 peroxisome
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P2 peroxisome ; GO:0019820', 'P3 peroxisome ; GO:0019821', 'P4 peroxisome ; GO:0019822', 'P5 peroxisome ; GO:0019823', and 'P6 peroxisome ; GO:0019824'.
+ peroxisome vesicle
+ A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P1 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they contain fewer peroxisomal proteins than the other subforms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ P2 peroxisome
+
+ A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P2 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they are the least dense of the subforms observed.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P1 peroxisome ; GO:0019819', 'P3 peroxisome ; GO:0019821', 'P4 peroxisome ; GO:0019822', 'P5 peroxisome ; GO:0019823', and 'P6 peroxisome ; GO:0019824'.
+ peroxisome vesicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ P3 peroxisome
+
+ A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P3 peroxisomes are formed by fusion of P1 and P2 peroxisomes, and are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
+ peroxisome vesicle
+ Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P1 peroxisome ; GO:0019819', 'P2 peroxisome ; GO:0019820', 'P4 peroxisome ; GO:0019822', 'P5 peroxisome ; GO:0019823', and 'P6 peroxisome ; GO:0019824'.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ P4 peroxisome
+
+ A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P4 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
+ peroxisome vesicle
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P1 peroxisome ; GO:0019819', 'P2 peroxisome ; GO:0019820', 'P3 peroxisome ; GO:0019821', 'P5 peroxisome ; GO:0019823', and 'P6 peroxisome ; GO:0019824'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ P5 peroxisome
+
+ peroxisome vesicle
+ cellular_component
+ A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P5 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
+ Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P1 peroxisome ; GO:0019819', 'P2 peroxisome ; GO:0019820', 'P3 peroxisome ; GO:0019821', 'P4 peroxisome ; GO:0019822', and 'P6 peroxisome ; GO:0019824'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ P6 peroxisome
+
+ A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P6 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content, and are equivalent to mature peroxisomes.
+ Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P1 peroxisome ; GO:0019819', 'P2 peroxisome ; GO:0019820', 'P3 peroxisome ; GO:0019821', 'P4 peroxisome ; GO:0019822', and 'P5 peroxisome ; GO:0019823'.
+ peroxisome vesicle
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stem cell maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism retains a population of stem cells, preventing the commitment of all stem cell progeny to a differentiated cell fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytolysis
+
+ necrosis
+ The rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
+ gosubset_prok
+ holin
+ autolysin activity
+ Wikipedia:Cytolysis
+ biological_process
+ bacteriocin activity
+ lysis
+ lysin activity
+ bacteriolytic toxin activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemolysis by symbiont of host erythrocytes
+
+
+ haemolysis in host
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cytolysis of host cells by symbiont
+ hemolysin activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ hemolysis by symbiont of host red blood cells
+ hemolysis by symbiont of host RBCs
+ The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in the host organism by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-ascorbic acid metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-ascorbic acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-ascorbic acid, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; L-ascorbic acid is vitamin C and has co-factor and anti-oxidant activities in many species.
+ vitamin C metabolic process
+ ascorbate metabolic process
+ vitamin C metabolism
+ ascorbate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis
+ L-ascorbic acid anabolism
+ ascorbate biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.
+ L-ascorbic acid formation
+ ascorbate biosynthesis
+ L-ascorbic acid synthesis
+ vitamin C biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-882
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin C biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-ascorbic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ vitamin C catabolic process
+ MetaCyc:PWY0-301
+ L-ascorbic acid catabolism
+ L-ascorbic acid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin C catabolism
+ ascorbate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-ascorbic acid; L-ascorbic acid ionizes to give L-ascorbate, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, which is required as a cofactor in the oxidation of prolyl residues to hydroxyprolyl, and other reactions.
+ L-ascorbic acid degradation
+ ascorbate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine base biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pyrimidine base synthesis
+ pyrimidine base biosynthesis
+ pyrimidine base anabolism
+ pyrimidine base formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyrimidine bases, 1,3-diazine, organic nitrogenous bases.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 5-methylcytosine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ 5-methylcytosine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.
+ cytosine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thymine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.
+ thymine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uracil metabolic process
+
+ uracil metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellum
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Long whiplike or feathery structures borne either singly or in groups by the motile cells of many bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes and by the motile male gametes of many eukaryotic organisms, which propel the cell through a liquid medium.
+ goslim_pir
+ GO:0008223
+ Wikipedia:Flagellum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle inner membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ See also the cellular component term 'outer membrane ; GO:0019867'.
+ The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer membrane
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ streptomycin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ streptomycin biosynthesis
+ streptomycin anabolism
+ streptomycin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media; it acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
+ streptomycin synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nylon catabolic process
+
+
+ nylon catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ nylon degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.
+ nylon breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diaminopimelate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diaminopimelate formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diaminopimelate, both as an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.
+ diaminopimelate biosynthesis
+ diaminopimelate anabolism
+ diaminopimelate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine by the aminoadipic pathway.
+ lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic acid pathway
+ biological_process
+ lysine synthesis via aminoadipic acid
+ lysine anabolism via aminoadipic acid
+ lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic acid pathway
+ lysine biosynthetic process, aminoadipic pathway
+ lysine formation via aminoadipic acid
+ gosubset_prok
+ lysine biosynthesis, aminoadipic pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-thyronine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine
+
+
+ peptidyl-thyronine anabolism from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-thyronine synthesis from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ The formation of peptidyl-thyronine from peptidyl-tyrosine in thyroglobulin by phenyl transfer coupled with the formation of peptidyl-dehydroalanine.
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-thyronine formation from peptidyl-tyrosine
+ See also the biological process term 'peptidyl-dehydroalanine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-tyrosine or peptidyl-serine ; GO:0018250'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation
+
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was renamed and redefined.
+ antigen presentation
+ antigen processing
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
+ GO:0030333
+ Wikipedia:Antigen_presentation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen
+
+ biological_process
+ antigen presentation, endogenous antigen
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex.
+ antigen presentation, exogenous antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
+
+
+ endogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
+ biological_process
+ antigen processing, endogenous antigen via major histocompatibility complex class I
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+ GO:0048004
+ antigen presentation, endogenous peptide antigen
+ antigen processing, endogenous antigen via MHC class I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein.
+ GO:0042591
+ antigen presentation, exogenous antigen via MHC class II
+ antigen presentation, exogenous peptide antigen
+ exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class II
+ GO:0048005
+ antigen processing, exogenous antigen via major histocompatibility complex class II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pteridine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ pteridine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon transport of mitochondrion
+
+ biological_process
+ axon transport of mitochondria
+ The directed movement of mitochondria along microtubules in nerve cell axons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to plasma membrane
+
+
+ peripheral plasma membrane protein
+ cellular_component
+ juxtamembrane
+ Loosely bound to one surface of the plasma membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ GO:0000157
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to membrane
+
+ GO:0030396
+ Loosely bound to one surface of a membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that proteins extrinsic to membranes can be removed by treatments that do not disrupt the membrane, such as salt solutions.
+ gosubset_prok
+ peripheral membrane protein
+ Wikipedia:Peripheral_membrane_protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that phosphorylates cyclin-dependent kinases such as Cdc2 on Thr161 (or an equivalent residue); contains a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit, and some examples also include an assembly factor.
+ cellular_component
+ CDK-activating kinase complex
+ CAK complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
+
+
+ Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the nucleus.
+ CDK holoenzyme
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex ; GO:0005967'.
+ A mitochondrial complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
+ cellular_component
+ pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid storage
+
+ storage of lipids
+ lipid sequestering
+ biological_process
+ retention of lipids
+ sequestration of lipid
+ lipid retention
+ sequestration of lipids
+ lipid sequestration
+ sequestering of lipids
+ The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of lipids, compounds soluble in organic solvents but insoluble or sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents. Lipid reserves can be accumulated during early developmental stages for mobilization and utilization at later stages of development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-D-alanine racemization, direct
+
+ The racemization of peptidyl-alanine.
+ RESID:AA0191
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-D-alanine racemization via peptidyl-L-serine
+
+ The dehydration of peptidyl-serine, followed by hydrogenation to produce peptidyl-D-alanine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0191
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine methylation, to symmetrical-dimethyl arginine
+
+ RESID:AA0067
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0069
+ biological_process
+ The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N'(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine methylation, to asymmetrical-dimethyl arginine
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0069
+ RESID:AA0068
+ peptidyl-arginine methylation, to unsymmetrical-dimethyl arginine
+ The process of methylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, internal
+
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine synthesis, internal
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of internal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has an internal C=S bond, instead of an internal C=O bond, in the peptide.
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine anabolism, internal
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine formation, internal
+ RESID:AA0265
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine biosynthetic process, carboxy-terminal
+
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine synthesis, carboxy-terminal
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxy-terminal peptidyl-1-thioglycine, which has a carboxy-terminal thiocarboxy-C(=O)-SH bond.
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine anabolism, carboxy-terminal
+ RESID:AA0265
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-1-thioglycine formation, carboxy-terminal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-cysteine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The covalent linking of a chromophore to a protein via peptidyl-cysteines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-1-microglobulin-chromophore linkage
+
+ biological_process
+ The covalent linking of the alpha-1-microglobulin chromophore to the protein; the structure of the chromophore is not known. It is probably heterogeneous and involving two cysteines in thioether bonds.
+ RESID:AA0224
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tryptophan oxidation to tryptophyl quinone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The posttranslational oxidation of peptidyl-tryptophan to form tryptophan-6,7-dione, otherwise known as tryptophyl quinone, which is further modified by cross-linking to either tryptophan or cysteine.
+ biological_process
+ See also the biological process term 'peptide cross-linking via 4'-(L-tryptophan)-L-tryptophyl quinone ; GO:0018069'.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone
+
+
+ RESID:AA0313
+ The posttranslational cross-linking of a cysteine residue to tryptophyl quinone to form 4'-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-tryptophyl quinone, a cofactor found at the active site of amine dehydrogenase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0314
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an aspartic acid residue to form 3-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-aspartic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid
+
+
+
+ The posttranslational cross-linking of a cysteine residue to a glutamic acid residue to form 4-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-glutamic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0315
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+
+ RESID:AA0316
+ cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester anabolism from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+ cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester synthesis from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+ cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid peptidyl-aspartate ester formation from peptidyl-aspartic acid
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-cis-14-hydroxy-10,13-dioxo-7-heptadecenoic acid aspartate ester, typical of the barley lipid transfer protein 1.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-chromophore linkage via peptidyl-N6-3-dehydroretinal-L-lysine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0312
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslation modification of peptidyl-lysine to form N6-3,4-didehydroretinylidene-L-lysine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ second-messenger-mediated signaling
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ second-messenger-mediated signalling
+ second messenger-mediated signaling
+ second messenger mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ second messenger mediated signaling
+ second messenger-mediated signalling
+ A series of molecular signals in which an ion or small molecule is formed or released into the cytosol, thereby helping relay the signal within the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cAMP-mediated signaling
+
+ 3',5'-cAMP-mediated signalling
+ cAMP signalling
+ 3',5'-cAMP-mediated signaling
+ A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+ cyclic AMP-mediated signalling
+ cAMP-mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-mediated signaling
+ adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-mediated signalling
+ cyclic AMP-mediated signaling
+ cAMP signaling
+ cAMP-mediated signal transduction
+ 3',5' cAMP-mediated signaling
+ 3',5' cAMP-mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cGMP-mediated signaling
+
+ cGMP-mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signaling
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a cyclic nucleotide to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+ cyclic-nucleotide-mediated signalling
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein catenane formation via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine, autocatalytic
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0294
+ The autocatalytic formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues; known to occur in the capsid of some bacteriophage, such as HK97, where it is thought to provide a mechanism for stabilizing the capsid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoaspartyl)-L-lysine, presumed catalytic
+
+ RESID:AA0294
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0042266
+ The formation of isopeptide bonds by ligation of peptidyl-lysine and peptidyl-asparagine residues; occurs in mammals in proteins as yet unidentified by a mechanism probably analogous to that of transglutaminase reactions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-cysteine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine synthesis from peptidyl-cysteine
+ peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine anabolism from peptidyl-cysteine
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine specifically.
+ peptidyl-S-palmitoleyl-L-cysteine formation from peptidyl-cysteine
+ RESID:AA0308
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+
+ modification-initiated protein catabolic process
+ modification-initiated protein catabolism
+ modification-dependent protein degradation
+ biological_process
+ protein-ligand-dependent protein catabolism
+ modification-dependent protein breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent modification of the target protein.
+ modification-dependent proteolysis
+ modification-dependent protein catabolism
+ protein degradation tagging activity
+ protein-ligand-dependent protein catabolic process
+ modification-initiated proteolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SMT3-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein SMT3 to the target protein.
+ GO:0019946
+ biological_process
+ SMT3-dependent protein degradation
+ SMT3-dependent protein catabolism
+ SMT3-dependent protein breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Smt3-protein conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Smt3p-protein conjugation
+ biological_process
+ The covalent addition to a protein of Smt3, a ubiquitin-like protein.
+ GO:0019947
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sexual reproduction
+
+ Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction
+ biological_process
+ The regular alternation, in the life cycle of haplontic, diplontic and diplohaplontic organisms, of meiosis and fertilization which provides for the production offspring. In diplontic organisms there is a life cycle in which the products of meiosis behave directly as gametes, fusing to form a zygote from which the diploid, or sexually reproductive polyploid, adult organism will develop. In diplohaplontic organisms a haploid phase (gametophyte) exists in the life cycle between meiosis and fertilization (e.g. higher plants, many algae and Fungi); the products of meiosis are spores that develop as haploid individuals from which haploid gametes develop to form a diploid zygote; diplohaplontic organisms show an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. In haplontic organisms meiosis occurs in the zygote, giving rise to four haploid cells (e.g. many algae and protozoa), only the zygote is diploid and this may form a resistant spore, tiding organisms over hard times.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asexual reproduction
+
+ Wikipedia:Asexual_reproduction
+ gosubset_prok
+ The biological process by which new individuals are produced by either a single cell or a group of cells, in the absence of any sexual process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bypass DNA synthesis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized replication complex inserts a random nucleotide across from the lesion and then continues DNA synthesis beyond the lesion. This process is often mutagenic.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of anti-apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of anti-apoptosis
+ downregulation of anti-apoptosis
+ down-regulation of anti-apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of anti-apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anti-apoptosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ charged-tRNA amino acid modification
+
+
+ charged-tRNA modification
+ GO:0030630
+ charged tRNA amino acid modification
+ pretranslation protein modification
+ charged tRNA modification
+ pretranslational amino acid modification
+ gosubset_prok
+ pre-translational amino acid modification
+ pre-translational protein modification
+ The covalent alteration of an amino acid charged on a tRNA before it is incorporated into a protein, as in N-formylmethionine, selenocysteine or pyrrolysine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pteridine catabolic process
+
+
+ pteridine degradation
+ pteridine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pteridine, pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine), the parent structure of pterins and the pteroyl group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ pteridine catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septate junction assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The assembly of a septate junction, an intercellular junction found in invertebrate epithelia that is characterized by a ladder like appearance in electron micrographs and thought to provide structural strength and to provide a barrier to diffusion of solutes through the intercellular space.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell plasma membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ The plasma membrane surrounding a host cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parasitophorous vacuole
+
+
+ Vacuole within a host cell in which a parasite resides.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term does not have a relationship to 'vacuole ; GO:0005773' because it does not fit the definition of a vacuole; the parasitophorous vacuole was so named because it resembles a vacuole in the microscope.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parasitophorous vacuolar space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Space between a parasite plasma membrane and the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parasitophorous vacuolar membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a parasitophorous vacuole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parasitophorous vacuolar membrane network
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ tubulovesicular network
+ Tubular network of extensions from the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane that protrude into the host cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apical complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Protruding complex at the anterior end of some life cycle stages of all apicomplexan parasites, involved in both the attachment and penetration of the host cell by the parasite.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhoptry
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A large, club-shaped secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex of an apicomplexan parasite, and consists of a bulbous body and a narrow electron-dense neck that extends through the conoid at the apical tip of the parasite. The rhoptry necks serve as ducts through which the contents of the rhoptries are secreted after attachment to the host has been completed and at the commencement of invasion. Rhoptry proteins function in the biogenesis and host organellar association of the parasitophorous vacuole.
+ cellular_component
+ toxoneme
+ paired organelles
+ Wikipedia:Rhoptry
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microneme
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Microneme
+ cellular_component
+ sarconeme
+ A small, elongated secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex, located along the main axis of an apicomplexan parasite cell within the extreme apical region and at the periphery under the inner membrane complex. Of the specialized secretory compartments identified in apicomplexans, micronemes discharge their contents first, during initial contact of the parasite's apical pole with the host cell surface. Micronemal proteins function during parasite attachment and penetration into the target cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conoid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A spiral cytoskeletal structure located at the apical end of the apical complex in some apicomplexan parasites. Fibers form a left-handed spiral, and are comprised of tubulin protofilaments organized in a ribbon-like structure that differs from the conventional tubular structure characteristic of mictotubules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apicoplast
+
+ Wikipedia:Apicoplast
+ The plastid organelle found in apicomplexans.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance of host immune response
+
+
+
+ Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ immune evasion
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rosetting
+
+ The binding of parasite infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Rosetting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ schizogony
+
+ Cell division by multiple fission in which nuclei and other organelles in the parent cell divide repeatedly and move to the cell periphery before internal membranes develop around them, producing a large number of daughter cells simultaneously.
+ Wikipedia:Protozoal_merogony
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosome
+
+ A membrane-bounded organelle found in organisms from the order Kinetoplastida that houses the enzymes of glycolysis.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Glycosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellar pocket
+
+ cellular_component
+ Invagination of the plasma membrane from which a flagellum protrudes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellar membrane
+
+
+
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the flagellum.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellar pocket membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ That part of the plasma membrane found in the flagellar pocket.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ food vacuole
+
+ Vacuole within a parasite used for digestion of the host cell cytoplasm.
+ food vacuole (sensu Apicomplexa)
+ GO:0005772
+ digestive vacuole
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immortalization of host cell
+
+ host cell immortalization
+ biological_process
+ transformation of host cell
+ host cell transformation
+ The modification of a host cell into an immortal cell line as a consequence of infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acidocalcisome
+
+
+ volutin granule
+ polyphosphate vacuole
+ metachromatic granule
+ cellular_component
+ An electron-dense acidic membrane-bounded organelle which contains a matrix of pyrophosphate and polyphosphates with bound calcium and other cations.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinetoplast
+
+ Wikipedia:Kinetoplast
+ cellular_component
+ A sub-structure within the large single mitochondrion of kinetoplastid parasites and which is closely associated with the flagellar pocket and basal body of the flagellum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subpellicular microtubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Singlet microtubules that lie underneath the inner membrane complex and emanate from the basal ring of the conoid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ merozoite dense granule
+
+ dense body
+ dense granule (sensu Apicomplexa)
+ Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix found throughout the merozoite life cycle stage of apicomplexan parasites; contains proteins destined to be secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole following parasite invasion of a host cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemoglobin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hemoglobin, including its uptake and utilization.
+ biological_process
+ haemoglobin metabolism
+ hemoglobin metabolism
+ haemoglobin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemoglobin import
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement into a tissue, cell or organelle of externally available hemoglobin.
+ hemoglobin uptake
+ haemoglobin uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ infected host cell surface knob
+
+ knob (sensu Plasmodium)
+ Protrusion that develops in the plasma membrane of a parasitized erythrocyte.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polar ring of apical complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior polar ring of apical complex
+ An electron dense ring at the most anterior position of the apical complex, from which the conoid fibers originate; formed during an invasive life cycle stage of an apicomplexan parasite.
+ upper polar ring of apical complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basal ring of apical complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lower polar ring of apical complex
+ An electron dense ring at the most posterior position of the apical complex, from which the subpellicular microtubules originate; formed during an invasive life cycle stage of an apicomplexan parasite.
+ preconoidal ring of apical complex
+ cellular_component
+ posterior polar ring of apical complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigenic variation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in the biological strategy of changing antigenic determinants on the surface that are exposed to another organism's immune system.
+ GO:0020034
+ Wikipedia:Antigenic_variation
+ surface antigen variation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by parasite protein
+
+ The adherence of parasite-infected erythrocytes to microvascular endothelium via parasite proteins embedded in the membrane of the erythrocyte.
+ cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by symbiont protein
+ symbiont-protein-mediated cytoadherence to microvasculature
+ biological_process
+ parasite-protein-mediated cytoadherence to microvasculature
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Maurer's cleft
+
+ cellular_component
+ A disk-like structure that appears at the periphery of a red blood cell infected by an apicomplexan parasite, characterized by a translucent lumen and an electron-dense coat of variable thickness; often appears to be tethered to the host cell membrane by fibrous connections with the erythrocyte cytoskeleton.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subpellicular network
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A mechanically stable cytoskeletal structure associated with the cytoplasmic face of the pellicle and surrounding the microtubule-based cytoskeleton.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pellicle
+
+ The structure enclosing an apicomplexan parasite cell; consists of the cell membrane with its associated infrastructure of microtubules, microfilaments and other organelles.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prechordal plate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of the prechordal plate. The prechordal plate is a thickening of the endoderm at the cranial end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells. The prechordal plate and the notochord induce the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural fold elevation formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the lateral borders of the neural plate begin to migrate upwards to form the neural folds, caused by the proliferation of the underlying mesoderm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural fold bending
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The morphogenesis of the neural fold elevations that results in the movement of the tips of the elevations towards each other in order to fuse.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural fold hinge point formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural fold furrowing
+ biological_process
+ The formation of the median and lateral hinge points in the neural folds. These are created by apical constriction and basal expansion of the underlying neural cells. The median hinge point extends for the entire length of the neural tube, and the lateral hinge points do not form in the spinal cord region of the neural tube.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural fold folding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of folding the neuroepithelium around the medial hinge point to create the neural elevations, and around the lateral hinge points to produce convergence of the folds.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior neuropore closure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The joining together of the neural folds of the rostral opening of the neural tube. The anterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior neuropore closure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The joining together of the neural folds of the caudal opening of the neural tube. The posterior neuropore appears before the process of neural tube closure is complete.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floor plate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ roof plate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The formation of a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spinal cord primarily conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses between the brain and the peripheral nervous tissues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth and establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.
+ spinal cord rostrocaudal patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord dorsal-ventral patterning
+ biological_process
+ The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random dorsal-ventral spatial arrangement of the spinal cord.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ spinal cord dorsoventral patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral spinal cord interneuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of ventral spinal cord interneurons. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell differentiation in spinal cord
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal spinal cord development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dorsal region of the mature spinal cord contains neurons that process and relay sensory input.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral spinal cord development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral region of the spinal cord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neurons of the ventral region of the mature spinal cord participate in motor output.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord commissural neuron specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a commissural neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord association neuron specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an association neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord motor neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of motor neurons. Motor neurons innervate an effector (muscle or glandular) tissue and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic motor neuron differentiation
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of somatic motor neurons. Somatic motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visceral motor neuron differentiation
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of visceral motor neurons. Visceral motor neurons innervate glandular targets and are responsible for transmission of motor impulses from the brain to the periphery. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral motor column neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of lateral motor column neurons. Lateral motor column neurons are generated only on limb levels and send axons into the limb mesenchyme. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medial motor column neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby differentiating motor neurons in the neural tube acquire the specialized structural and/or functional features of medial motor column neurons. Medial motor column neurons are generated at all rostrocaudal levels and send axons to the axial muscles (medial group) and to the body wall muscles (lateral group). Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord association neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of association neurons. Association neurons are cells located in the dorsal portion of the spinal cord that integrate sensory input. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ spinal cord dorsal interneuron differentiation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ commissural neuron differentiation in the spinal cord
+
+
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of commissural neurons. Commissural neurons in both vertebrates and invertebrates transfer information from one side of their bodies to the other through the midline. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell differentiation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes are non-neuronal cells. The primary function of oligodendrocytes is the myelination of nerve axons in the central nervous system. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord oligodendrocyte cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial glial cell differentiation in the spinal cord
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of radial glial cells. Radial cell precursors differentiate into both neuronal cell types and mature radial glial cells. Mature radial glial cells regulate the axon growth and pathfinding processes that occur during white matter patterning of the developing spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural tube patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regionalization process that regulates the coordinated growth that establishes the non-random spatial arrangement of the neural tube.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell differentiation in hindbrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cells of the hindbrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell proliferation in hindbrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell migration in hindbrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The orderly movement of cells that will reside in the hindbrain.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diencephalon development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the diencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telencephalon development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the telencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The telencephalon is the paired anteriolateral division of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithalamus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The progression of the epithalamus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The epithalamus is the small dorsomedial area of the thalamus including the habenular nuclei and associated fiber bundles, the pineal body, and the epithelial roof of the third ventricle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subthalamus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ ventral thalamus development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subthalamus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subthalamus is the anterior part of the diencephalon that lies between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and tegmentum of the mesencephalon, including subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, the fields of Forel, and the nucleus of ansa lenticularis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corpus callosum morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the corpus callosum are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provides communications between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ammon gyrus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ammon's horn development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ammon gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ammon gyrus, often subdivided into the CA1 and CA3 regions, is one of the two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus that is rich in large pyramidal neurons.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ cornu ammonis development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dentate gyrus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pallium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pallium is the roof region of the telencephalon.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subpallium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the subpallium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cranial nerve development
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cranial nerves over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the rhombomere over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ midbrain-hindbrain boundary initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regionalization process that gives rise to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
+ isthmus biosynthesis
+ isthmus formation
+ MHB formation
+ midbrain-hindbrain boundary formation
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ MHB biosynthesis
+ midbrain-hindbrain boundary biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pons development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pons over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellum development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medulla oblongata development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ myelencephalon development
+ biological_process
+ medulla development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the medulla oblongata over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the central nervous system is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ midbrain-hindbrain boundary structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ MHB structural organization
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
+ isthmus structural organization
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory nerve development
+
+ CN 1 development
+ cranial nerve 1 development
+ biological_process
+ cranial nerve I development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic nerve development
+
+ CN II development
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the optic nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
+ cranial nerve 2 development
+ cranial nerve II development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ midbrain-hindbrain boundary morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ isthmus morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ MHB morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the central nervous system. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oculomotor nerve development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN III development
+ cranial nerve 3 development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the oculomotor nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
+ biological_process
+ cranial nerve III development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trochlear nerve development
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ cranial nerve IV development
+ biological_process
+ CN IV development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
+ cranial nerve 4 development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trigeminal nerve development
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN V development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
+ cranial nerve V development
+ cranial nerve 5 development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abducens nerve development
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ cranial nerve 6 development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
+ cranial nerve VI development
+ CN VI development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ facial nerve development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cranial nerve VII development
+ CN VII development
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ cranial nerve 7 development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives off nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibulocochlear nerve development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibulocochlear nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
+ cranial nerve 8 development
+ cranial nerve VIII development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN VIII development
+ biological_process
+ acoustic nerve development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glossopharyngeal nerve development
+
+ Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ CN IX development
+ cranial nerve 9 development
+ cranial nerve IX development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vagus nerve development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
+ CN X development
+ cranial nerve 10 development
+ cranial nerve X development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ accessory nerve development
+
+ cranial nerve 11 development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ CN XI development
+ spinal accessory nerve development
+ cranial nerve XI development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the accessory nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoglossal nerve development
+
+ cranial nerve XII development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
+ cranial nerve 12 development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ CN XII development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 1 development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 1 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 2 development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 2 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 3 development
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 3 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 4 development
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 4 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 5 development
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 5 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 6 development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 6 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 7 development
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 7 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 8 development
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of rhombomere 8 over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hindbrain morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombencephalon morphogenesis
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the hindbrain is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hindbrain formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the hindbrain. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hindbrain structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hindbrain. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hindbrain maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hindbrain to attain its fully functional state. The hindbrain is the region consisting of the medulla, pons and cerebellum. Areas of the hindbrain control motor and autonomic functions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medulla oblongata morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelencephalon morphogenesis
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the medulla oblongata is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
+ biological_process
+ medulla morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medulla oblongata formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelencephalon formation
+ biological_process
+ medulla formation
+ The process that gives rise to the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ myelencephalon biosynthesis
+ medulla biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medulla oblongata structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ myelencephalon structural maturation
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the medulla oblongata. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
+ medulla structural maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medulla oblongata maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medulla maturation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the medulla oblongata to attain its fully functional state. The medulla oblongata lies directly above the spinal cord and controls vital autonomic functions such as digestion, breathing and the control of heart rate.
+ myelencephalon maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pons morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the pons is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pons formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that gives rise to the pons. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pons structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the pons. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pons maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the pons to attain its fully functional state. The pons lies above the medulla and next to the cerebellum. The pons conveys information about movement from the cerebral hemisphere to the cerebellum.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellum morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellum formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to the cerebellum. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellum structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellum maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellum to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventricular system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain ventricular system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The brain ventricular system consists of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. These cavities include two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle and the fourth ventricle. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the ventricles and is produced by the choroid plexus.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fourth ventricle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fourth ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fourth ventricle is an irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the rhombomere is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to the rhombomere. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the rhombomere structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the central nervous system structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abducens nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the abducens nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
+ CN VI development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abducens nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN VI biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ CN VI formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abducens nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the abducens nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
+ biological_process
+ CN VI structural organization
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abducens nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the abducens nerve to attain its fully functional state. The motor function of the abducens nerve is to contract the lateral rectus which results in abduction of the eye.
+ CN VI maturation
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cranial nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cranial nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cranial nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cranial nerves. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cranial nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cranial nerve to attain its fully functional state. The cranial nerves are composed of twelve pairs of nerves that emanate from the nervous tissue of the hindbrain. These nerves are sensory, motor, or mixed in nature, and provide the motor and general sensory innervation of the head, neck and viscera. They mediate vision, hearing, olfaction and taste and carry the parasympathetic innervation of the autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ accessory nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ spinal accessory nerve maturation
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the accessory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
+ biological_process
+ CN XI maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ accessory nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the accessory nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
+ biological_process
+ CN XI morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ accessory nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to the accessory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
+ CN XI biosynthesis
+ CN XI formation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ accessory nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ CN XI structural organization
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the accessory nerve This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The spinal branch of this motor nerve innervates the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid muscles. The cranial branch joins the vagus nerve and innervates the same targets as the vagus nerve.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ facial nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CN VII morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the facial nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ facial nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ CN VII formation
+ CN VII biosynthesis
+ The process that gives rise to the facial nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ facial nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CN VII structural organization
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the facial nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ facial nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the facial nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory and motor nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression and the expression and taste at the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. The principal branches are the superficial opthalmic, buccal, palatine and hyomandibular. The main trunk synapses within pterygopalatine ganglion in the parotid gland and this ganglion then gives of nerve branches which supply the lacrimal gland and the mucous secreting glands of the nasal and oral cavities.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN VII maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glossopharyngeal nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the glossopharyngeal nerve to attain its fully functional state. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN IX maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glossopharyngeal nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the glossopharyngeal nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
+ CN IX morphogenesis
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glossopharyngeal nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
+ CN IX formation
+ biological_process
+ CN IX biosynthesis
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glossopharyngeal nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN IX structural organization
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the glossopharyngeal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Various sensory and motor branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply nerve connections to the pharynx and back of the tongue. The branchial motor component contains motor fibers that innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx, and the tympanic branch supplies parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoglossal nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the hypoglossal nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ CN XII morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoglossal nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CN XII maturation
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the hypoglossal nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoglossal nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CN XII biosynthesis
+ CN XII formation
+ The process that gives rise to the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoglossal nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the hypoglossal nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all the intrinsic and all but one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ CN XII structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oculomotor nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the oculomotor nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN III morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oculomotor nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CN III biosynthesis
+ The process that gives rise to the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN III formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oculomotor nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
+ CN III structural organization
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oculomotor nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ CN III maturation
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the oculomotor nerve to attain its fully functional state. This motor nerve innervates all extraocular muscles except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus muscles. The superior division supplies the levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus muscles. The inferior division supplies the medial rectus, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles. This nerve also innervates the striated muscles of the eyelid. Pupillary constriction and lens movement are mediated by this nerve for near vision. In the orbit the inferior division sends branches that enter the ciliary ganglion where they form functional contacts (synapses) with the ganglion cells. The ganglion cells send nerve fibers into the back of the eye where they travel to ultimately innervate the ciliary muscle and the constrictor pupillae muscle.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the central nervous system to attain its fully functional state. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CN I morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the olfactory nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN I formation
+ The process that gives rise to the olfactory nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
+ biological_process
+ CN I biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN I structural organization
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ CN I maturation
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the olfactory nerve to attain its fully functional state. The olfactory nerve is a collection of sensory nerve rootlets that extend down from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. This nerve conducts odor information to the brainstem.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the optic nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ CN II morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the optic nerve to attain its fully functional state. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
+ CN II maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN II structural organization
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the optic nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CN II biosynthesis
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ CN II formation
+ The process that gives rise to the optic nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The sensory optic nerve originates from the bipolar cells of the retina and conducts visual information to the brainstem. The optic nerve exits the back of the eye in the orbit, enters the optic canal, and enters the central nervous system at the optic chiasm (crossing) where the nerve fibers become the optic tract just prior to entering the hindbrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trigeminal nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN V maturation
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trigeminal nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trigeminal nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ CN V morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the trigeminal nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trigeminal nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the oculomotor nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
+ CN V structural organization
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trigeminal nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the trigeminal nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the ophthalmic (V1, sensory), maxillary (V2, sensory) and mandibular (V3, motor and sensory) branches. The sensory ophthalmic branch travels through the superior orbital fissure and passes through the orbit to reach the skin of the forehead and top of the head. The maxillary nerve contains sensory branches that reach the pterygopalatine fossa via the inferior orbital fissure (face, cheek and upper teeth) and pterygopalatine canal (soft and hard palate, nasal cavity and pharynx). The motor part of the mandibular branch is distributed to the muscles of mastication, the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric. The mandibular nerve also innervates the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani muscles. The sensory part of the mandibular nerve is composed of branches that carry general sensory information from the mucous membranes of the mouth and cheek, anterior two-thirds of the tongue, lower teeth, skin of the lower jaw, side of the head and scalp and meninges of the anterior and middle cranial fossae.
+ CN V biosynthesis
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ CN V formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trochlear nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the trochlear nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
+ CH IV morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trochlear nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN IV maturation
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the trochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trochlear nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN IV structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trochlear nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CN IV formation
+ CN IV biosynthesis
+ The process that gives rise to the trochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve and is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain dorsally. The trochlear nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vagus nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CN X maturation
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vagus nerve to attain its fully functional state. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vagus nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the vagus nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
+ CN X morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vagus nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
+ CN X structural organization
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vagus nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CN X biosynthesis
+ CN X formation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that gives rise to the vagus nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This nerve is primarily sensory but also has visceromotor components. It originates in the brain stem and controls many autonomic functions of the heart, lungs, stomach, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus and other gastrointestinal tract components. It controls some motor functions such as speech. The sensory branches mediate sensation from the pharynx, larynx, thorax and abdomen; it also innervates taste buds in the epiglottis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibulocochlear nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory nerve maturation
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the vestibulocochlear nerve to attain its fully functional state. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ CN VIII maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibulocochlear nerve morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CN VIII morphogenesis
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the vestibulocochlear nerve is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibulocochlear nerve structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
+ CN VII structural organization
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibulocochlear nerve formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the vestibulocochlear nerve. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. This sensory nerve innervates the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The vestibular branch innervates the vestibular apparatus that senses head position changes relative to gravity. The auditory branch innervates the cochlear duct, which is connected to the three bony ossicles which transduce sound waves into fluid movement in the cochlea.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ CN VII formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 1 morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 1 is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 1 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 1 structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 1. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere boundary formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that gives rise to a rhombomere boundary. This process pertains to the initial formation of a boundary delimiting a rhombomere. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon that are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 2 morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 2 is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 2 structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 2 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to rhombomere 2. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 3 morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 3 is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 3 structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 3. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 3 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to rhombomere 3. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 4 morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 4 is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 4 structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 4 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to rhombomere 4. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 5 morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of rhombomere 5 are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 5 structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 5 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that gives rise to rhombomere 5. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 6 morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 6 is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 6 structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 6 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that gives rise to rhombomere 6. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral ventricle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral ventricles over time, from the formation to the mature structure. The two lateral ventricles are a cavity in each of the cerebral hemispheres derived from the cavity of the embryonic neural tube. They are separated from each other by the septum pellucidum, and each communicates with the third ventricle by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 7 morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 7 is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 7 structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 7 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to rhombomere 7. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 8 morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of rhombomere 8 is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nerve development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 8 structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to creating the structural organization of rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in an anterior to posterior order.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere 8 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to rhombomere 8. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. Rhombomeres are transverse segments of the developing rhombencephalon. Rhombomeres are lineage restricted, express different genes from one another, and adopt different developmental fates. Rhombomeres are numbered in anterior to posterior order.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ third ventricle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the third ventricle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The third ventricle is the narrow cleft inferior to the corpus callosum, within the diencephalon, between the paired thalami. Its floor is formed by the hypothalamus, its anterior wall by the lamina terminalis, and its roof by ependyma, and it communicates with the fourth ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct, and with the lateral ventricles by the interventricular foramina.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar molecular layer development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar molecular layer nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar granular layer development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar granule layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nerve maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nerve to attain its fully functional state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar granular layer morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar granular layer is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar granular layer formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that gives rise to the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar granular layer structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar granule layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar granular layer maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar granular layer to attain its fully functional state. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar molecular layer morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar molecular layer is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar molecular layer formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar molecular layer structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar molecular layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar molecular layer maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar molecular layer to attain its fully functional state. The molecular layer is the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the parallel fibers of the granule cells, interneurons such as stellate and basket cells, and the dendrites of the underlying Purkinje cells.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar Purkinje cell layer maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer to attain its fully functional state. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar Purkinje cell layer morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar Purkinje cell layer structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar Purkinje cell layer formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar cortex development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar cortex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar cortex morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the cranial nerves are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar cortex formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar cortex structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellar cortex. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar cortex maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the cerebellar cortex to attain its fully functional state. The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ developmental maturation
+
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an anatomical structure, cell or cellular component to attain its fully functional state.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar Golgi cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Golgi cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Golgi cell fate. A cerebellar Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar Purkinje cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar Purkinje cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Purkinje cell fate. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ locus ceruleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ locus caeruleus development
+ locus coeruleus development
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the locus ceruleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ locus ceruleus morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the locus ceruleus is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ locus ceruleus formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that gives rise to the locus ceruleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ locus ceruleus maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the locus ceruleus to attain its fully functional state. The locus ceruleus is a dense cluster of neurons within the dorsorostral pons. This nucleus is the major location of neurons that release norepinephrine throughout the brain, and is responsible for physiological responses to stress and panic.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar granule cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar granule cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a granule cell fate. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lugaro cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature Lugaro cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a Lugaro cell fate. A Lugaro cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar basket cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar basket cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar basket cell fate. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar stellate cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature cerebellar stellate cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a cerebellar stellate cell fate. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebellar unipolar brush cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature unipolar brush cell in the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a unipolar brush cell fate. A unipolar brush cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ candelabrum cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature candelabrum cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a candelabrum cell fate. A candelabrum cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inferior olivary nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inferior olive development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inferior olivary nucleus morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the inferior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
+ biological_process
+ inferior olive morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inferior olivary nucleus formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inferior olive biosynthesis
+ inferior olive formation
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to the inferior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inferior olivary nucleus structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the inferior olivary nucleus structure. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
+ biological_process
+ inferior olive structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inferior olivary nucleus maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inferior olive maturation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the inferior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The inferior olivary nucleus is a capsule-shaped structure in the ventral medulla located just lateral and dorsal to the medullary pyramids. Neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus are the source of climbing fiber input to the cerebellar cortex; these neurons have been implicated in various functions, such as learning and timing of movements.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superior olivary nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior olivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ superior olive development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superior olivary nucleus morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the superior olivary nucleus is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ superior olive morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superior olivary nucleus formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that gives rise to the superior olivary nucleus. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superior olivary nucleus structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the superior olivary nucleus structure. In mice, the superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superior olivary nucleus maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the superior olivary nucleus to attain its fully functional state. The superior olivary nucleus is a small cylindrical mass on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body of the pons, and it is situated immediately above the inferior olivary nucleus. It receives projections from the cochlear nucleus and thus is involved in the perception of sound.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ superior olive maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombencephalic reticular formation development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The reticular formation is a series of brain nuclei located in the medulla oblongata.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inferior raphe nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superior raphe nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior raphe nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral reticular nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral reticular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate reticular formation development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inferior reticular formation development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superior reticular formation development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior reticular formation over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trigeminal sensory nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021. Note that this term was placed as a child of 'brain development' because the nucleus spans multiple brain regions from midbrain to spinal cord.
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal sensory nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trigeminal motor nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the trigeminal motor nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHB maturation
+ biological_process
+ isthmus maturation
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dentate nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ globose nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the globose nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ emboliform nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the emboliform nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fastigial nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fastigial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pontine nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pontine nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021. Note that this term was placed as a child of 'brain development' because the nucleus spans multiple brain regions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal trigeminal nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spinal trigeminal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abducens nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the abducens nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoglossal nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypoglossal nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleus ambiguus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nucleus ambiguus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ solitary nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the solitary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cochlear nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal cochlear nucleus development
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral cochlear nucleus development
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventral cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibular nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vestibular nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salivary nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inferior salivary nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inferior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superior salivary nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior salivary nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ facial nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the facial nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eurydendroid cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby neuroblasts acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the mature eurydendroid cell. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a eurydendroid cell fate. A eurydendroid cell is an efferent neuron found in the cerebellar cortex of teleosts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striatum development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The progression of the striatum over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The striatum is a large cluster of dopaminergic nerve cells, consisting of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, that controls movement, balance, and walking.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caudate nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the caudate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The caudate nucleus is the C-shaped structures of the striatum containing input neurons involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ putamen development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The progression of the putamen over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The putamen is the lens-shaped basal ganglion involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ globus pallidus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pallidum development
+ The progression of the globus pallidus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The globus pallidus is one of the basal ganglia involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ limbic system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the limbic system over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The limbic system is a collection of structures in the brain involved in emotion, motivation and emotional aspects of memory.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substantia nigra development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subthalamic nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the subthalamic nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.
+ biological_process
+ corpus luysi development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amygdala development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The progression of the amygdala over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The amygdala is an almond shaped set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe of the brain that play a key role in processing emotions such as fear and pleasure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cingulate gyrus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The progression of the cingulate gyrus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cingulate gyrus is a ridge in the cerebral cortex located dorsal to the corpus callosum.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hippocampus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammilary body development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The progression of the mammilary body over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The mammilary body is a protrusion at the posterior end of the hypothalamus that contains hypothalamic nuclei.
+ mammillary body development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleus accumbens development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral striatum development
+ accumbens nucleus development
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The progression of the nucleus accumbens over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The nucleus accumbens is a collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, in the region of the olfactory tubercle, lying between the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior perforated substance. It is part of the ventral striatum, a composite structure considered part of the basal ganglia.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ orbitofrontal cortex development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The orbitofrontal cortex is a cerebral cortex region located in the frontal lobe.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parahippocampal gyrus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the parahippocampal gyrus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The parahippocampal gyrus is a ridge in the cerebral cortex.
+ Wikipedia:parahippocampal_gyrus
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ hippocampal gyrus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral geniculate nucleus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ LGN development
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The progression of the lateral geniculate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary processor of visual information received from the retina.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory bulb development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striatal medium spiny neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a medium spiny neuron residing in the striatum.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a retinoic acid receptor in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ smoothened signalling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the ventral spinal cord that contributes to the commitment of the precursor cell to an interneuron fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smoothened signaling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor smoothened in a precursor cell in the spinal cord that contributes to the process of a precursor cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into a motor neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway.
+ smoothened signalling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BMP signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification
+ bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that contributes to its commitment to an association neuron fate.
+ biological_process
+ BMP signalling pathway involved in spinal cord association neuron specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligodendrocyte cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oligodendrocyte in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligodendrocyte cell fate commitment
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oligodendrocyte.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glial cell.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ preganglionic parasympathetic nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the preganglionic portion of the parasympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ postganglionic parasympathetic nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the postganglionic portion of the parasympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branchiomotor neuron axon guidance
+
+ branchial motor axon guidance
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ BMN axon guidance
+ The process by which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
+ special visceral motor neuron axon guidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in the neural tube
+
+ The process by which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemorepulsion of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemoattraction of branchiomotor neuron axon in neural tube
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the neural tube is directed to a specific target site in the neural tube in response to an attractive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branchiomotor neuron axon guidance in the branchial arch mesenchyme
+
+ The process by which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemorepulsion of branchiomotor axon in branchial arch mesenchyme
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemoattraction of branchiomotor neuron axon in branchial arch mesenchyme
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone in the branchial arch mesenchyme is directed to a specific target site in the branchial arch mesenchyme in response to an attractive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemoattraction of branchiomotor axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to an attractive chemical signal. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemorepulsion of branchiomotor axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a branchiomotor neuron growth cone is directed to a specific target site in response to a repulsive chemical cue. Branchiomotor neurons are located in the hindbrain and innervate branchial arch-derived muscles that control jaw movements, facial expression, the larynx, and the pharynx.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thalamus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the thalamus changes over time, from its initial formation to its mature state.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the cerebral cortex.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex regionalization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex arealization
+ cerebral cortex pattern formation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The regionalization process that results in the creation of areas within the cerebral cortex that will direct the behavior of cell migration and differentiation as the cortex develops.
+ biological_process
+ cerebral cortex pattern biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain anterior/posterior pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The creation of specific areas of progenitor domains along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing forebrain.
+ biological_process
+ forebrain anterior-posterior pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain dorsal/ventral pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain dorsoventral pattern formation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ forebrain dorsal-ventral pattern formation
+ The formation of specific regional progenitor domains along the dorsal-ventral axis in the developing forebrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration
+
+ The migration of cells in the developing cerebral cortex in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex tangential migration
+
+ The migration of cells in the cerebral cortex in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The radial migration of neuronal or glial precursor cells along radial glial cells during the development of the cerebral cortex.
+ glial-guided locomotion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somal translocation
+
+ biological_process
+ The radial migration of cells from the ventricular zone that is independent of radial glial cells. Cells extend processes that terminate at the pial surface and follow the processes as they migrate.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ perikaryal translocation of Morest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pial surface process extension
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The extension of a long process to the pial surface as a cell leaves the ventricular zone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell adhesion in the ventricular zone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cell adhesion in the ventricular zone
+ down-regulation of cell adhesion in the ventricular zone
+ The process that results in the loss of attachments of a cell in the ventricular zone.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ downregulation of cell adhesion in the ventricular zone
+ inhibition of cell adhesion in the ventricular zone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell movement involved in somal translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The movement of a cell body from the ventricular zone to the pial surface with a concomitant shortening of the process that extends to the pial surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initiation of movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ initiation of movement involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+ The initial stages of cell motility involved in the glial-mediated movement of cells in the developing cerebral cortex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motogenic signaling initiating cell movement in the cerebral cortex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motogenic signalling initiating cell movement in the cerebral cortex
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The interaction of soluble factors and receptors that result in the movement of cells in the primitive cerebral cortex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic calcium signaling involved in the initiation of cell movement in glial-mediated radial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cytosolic calcium signalling involved in the initiation of cell movement in glial-mediated radial cell migration
+ The process that results in the fluctuations in intracellular calcium that are responsible for the initiation of movement as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotrophic factor signaling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ Signaling between members of the neurotrophin family and their receptors that result in the start of cell motility as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
+ neurotrophic factor signalling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter signaling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+ neurotransmitter signalling initiating cell movement, involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Signaling by neurotransmitters and their receptors that results in the initiation of movement of cells as a component of the process of glial-mediated radial migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth factor signaling initiating cell movement involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ growth factor signaling initiating cell movement involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+ biological_process
+ Signaling between growth factors and their receptors that results in the start of cell movement, where this process is involved in glial-mediated radial migration in the cerebral cortex.
+ growth factor signalling initiating cell movement involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuronal-glial interaction involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The changes in adhesion between neuronal cells and glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ neuronal-glial interaction involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell adhesion involved in neuronal-glial interactions involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The interaction between two cells that modulates the association of a neuronal cell and a glial cell involved in glial-mediated radial cell migration in the cerebral cortex.
+ cell-cell adhesion involved in neuronal-glial interactions involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+ cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+ The movement of a cell along the process of a radial glial cell involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of microtubule cytoskeleton involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ modulation of microtubule cytoskeleton involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+ biological_process
+ Rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that contribute to the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extension of a leading process involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton that result in the extension of a leading process, where this process is involved in the movement of cells along radial glial cells.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleokinesis involved in cell motility in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The microtubule-mediated movement of the nucleus that is required for the movement of cells along radial glial fibers as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ nucleokinesis involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+ nucleokinesis involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of the microfilament cytoskeleton involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The changes in the actin cytoskeleton that are necessary for the movement of cells along radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ modulation of the microfilament cytoskeleton involved in cell locomotion in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ layer formation in the cerebral cortex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The detachment of cells from radial glial fibers at the appropriate time when they cease to migrate and form distinct layer in the cerebral cortex.
+ biological_process
+ cerebral cortex lamination
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organization of extracellular matrix in the marginal zone involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organization of extracellular matrix in the marginal zone involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that leads to the deposition of extracellular matrix signals in the marginal zone of the developing cerebral cortex. This extracellular matrix controls the movement of migrating cells. In mammals, the matrix is modified by Cajal-Retzius cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination
+ The process that results in the release of migrating cells from their interaction with radial glial cells as a component of the process of cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration.
+ down-regulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination
+ inhibition of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination
+ downregulation of cell-glial cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex lamination
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell motility involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration
+ negative regulation of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial migration
+ down regulation of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration
+ biological_process
+ The intracellular signaling pathway that results in the cessation of cell movement involved in lamination of the cerebral cortex.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ down-regulation of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration
+ inhibition of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration
+ downregulation of cell locomotion involved in cerebral cortex glial-mediated radial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions
+
+ biological_process
+ chain migration
+ The process whereby neurons interact with each other to promote migration along a tangential plane.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-axon interactions
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The movement of cerebral cortex neuronal precursors tangentially through the cortex using interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substrate-dependent cerebral cortex tangential migration
+
+
+ The process where neuronal precursors migrate tangentially in the cerebral cortex, primarily guided through physical cell-cell interactions.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substrate-independent telencephalic tangential migration
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process where neuronal precursors migrate tangentially in the telencephalon, primarily guided by interactions that do not require cell-cell contact.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The migration of olfactory bulb interneuron precursors in the cerebral cortex that occurs after birth.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuronal migration to the hypothalamus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The directional movement of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone producing neurons from the nasal placode to the hypothalamus.
+ GO:0021857
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligodendrocyte cell migration from the subpallium to the cortex
+
+ The directed movement of oligodendrocytes from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex during forebrain development.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
+
+ The directed movement of interneurons from the subpallium to the cortex during forebrain development.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell adhesion involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration using cell-cell interactions
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The attachment of cells to one another to form groups of cells involved in cerebral cortex tangential migration.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-substrate adhesion involved in tangential migration using cell-cell interactions
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The interaction of a cell and the extracellular matrix involved in the directed tangential movement of cells mediated by cell-cell interactions in the developing cerebral cortex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemorepulsion involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The creation and reception of signals that guide olfactory bulb interneurons down concentration gradients towards the olfactory bulb.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemoattraction involved in embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The creation and reception of signals that result in the migration of interneurons up a concentration gradient towards the olfactory bulb.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemorepulsion involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The creation and reception of signals that repel olfactory bulb interneurons from the subventricular zone as a component process in tangential migration.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motogenic signaling involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motogenic signalling involved in postnatal olfactory bulb interneuron migration
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The signaling that results in the stimulation of cell movement in the rostral migratory stream.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motogenic signaling involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The creation and reception of signals that result in the directional movement of interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cortex.
+ motogenic signalling involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interneuron-substratum interaction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby migrating interneurons interact with an external substratum as a component of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ directional guidance of interneurons involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The creation and reception of signals that control the direction of migration of interneurons as a component of the process of migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemoattraction involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons toward the signal, where this process is involved in migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons away from the signal during migration from the subpallium to the cortex.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substrate-independent telencephalic tangential interneuron migration
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The directional movement of tangentially migrating interneurons that are not guided by attaching to extracellular substrates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interneuron sorting involved in substrate-independent cerebral cortex tangential migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The establishment and response to guidance cues that distribute interneurons to different cerebral cortex structures.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter-mediated guidance of interneurons involved in substrate-independent cerebral cortex tangential migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The response of migrating interneurons to neurotransmitters that alter electrical activity in cells in calcium dependent manner.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell proliferation in forebrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The creation of greater cell numbers in the forebrain due to cell division of progenitor cells.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast division in the ventricular zone
+
+ The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast division in the subpallium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The division of neuroblasts in the subpallium area of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include GABAergic interneurons and will migrate tangentially.
+ neuroblast division in the ventral telencephalon
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast division in the subventricular zone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The division of neuroblasts in the subventricular zone of the forebrain. The interneuron precursors that these cells give rise to include adult olfactory bulb interneurons and migrate tangentially.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glioblast cell division in the subpallium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glioblast cell division in the ventral telencephalon
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The division of glioblasts in the subpallium. These cells will give rise to oligodendrocytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast division in the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence
+
+ The division of neuroblasts in the dorsal region of the lateral ganglionic eminence. These cells give rise to embryonic interneuron precursors that will migrate tangentially to the olfactory bulb.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyramidal neuron migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ projection neuron migration
+ The migration of pyramidal neuron precursors from the ventricular zone to the correct layer of the cerebral cortex.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypothalamus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypothalamus cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of cells into the hypothalamus region of the forebrain.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypothalamic tangential migration using cell-axon interactions
+
+ The movement of hypothalamic neuronal precursors tangentially through the forebrain using an interaction of the migrating cells with axons of other neurons.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GABAergic neuron differentiation in the basal ganglia
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a GABAergic inhibitory neuron in the basal ganglia. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a neuroblast to a GABAergic neuron.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyramidal neuron differentiation
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ projection neuron differentiation
+ The process whereby a neuroblast or one of its progeny commits to a pyramidal neuron fate, migrates from the ventricular zone to the appropriate layer in the cortex and develops into a mature neuron.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyramidal neuron development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state.
+ projection neuron development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial glial cell differentiation in the forebrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the forebrain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early neuron differentiation in the forebrain
+
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of neurons. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain neuroblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate progenitor cell differentiation
+ abventricular progenitor cell differentiation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ non-surface dividing progenitor cell differentiation
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of basal progenitor cells, neuroblasts that lose their contacts with the ventricular surface. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial glial cell division in the forebrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The mitotic division of radial glial cells in the developing forebrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ symmetric radial glial cell division in the forebrain
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The mitotic division of a radial glial cell giving rise to two new radial glial cells in the forebrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asymmetric radial glial cell division in the forebrain
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The mitotic cell division of a radial glial cell giving rise to a radial glial cell and another cell type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron-producing asymmetric radial glial cell division in the forebrain
+
+ biological_process
+ The unequal mitotic division of a radial glial cell in the forebrain that gives rise to a radial glial cell and a post-mitotic neuronal progenitor.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventricular zone cell-producing asymmetric radial glial cell division in the forebrain
+
+ The unequal mitotic division of a forebrain radial glial cell that gives rise to a radial glial cell and a ventricular zone cell.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain ventricular zone progenitor cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The mitotic division of a basal progenitor giving rise to two neurons.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cajal-Retzius cell differentiation
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby a neuroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Cajal-Retzius cell, one of a transient population of pioneering neurons in the cerebral cortex. These cells are slender bipolar cells of the developing marginal zone. One feature of these cells in mammals is that they express the Reelin gene.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain regionalization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The regionalization process resulting in the creation of areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the forebrain develops.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generation of neurons in the forebrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which nerve cells are generated in the forebrain. This includes the production of neuroblasts from and their differentiation into neurons.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain neuroblast division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The division of a neuroblast located in the forebrain. Neuroblast division gives rise to at least another neuroblast. As in, but not restricted to, the vertebrates (Vertebrata, ncbi_taxonomy_id:7742).
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wnt receptor signaling pathway in forebrain neuroblast division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Wnt receptor signalling pathway in forebrain neuroblast division
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuroblast division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.
+ biological_process
+ fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway in forebrain neuroblast division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Notch signaling pathway in forebrain neuroblast division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the self renewal of neuroblasts in the forebrain.
+ Notch signalling pathway in forebrain neuroblast division
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron that resides in the forebrain.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain astrocyte fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Notch signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Notch signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to aneuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle arrest of committed forebrain neuronal progenitor cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) in a cell that has been committed to become a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain neuron development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron that resides in the forebrain, from its initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The orderly movement of cells from one site to another at least one of which is located in the forebrain.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron located in the hypothalamus. These neurons release gonadotrophin-releasing hormone as a neural transmitter.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a hypothalamus neuron that releases gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a hypothalamus gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neuron over time, from initial commitment of its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory bulb interneuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a neuroblast acquires specialized features of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory bulb interneuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a neuroblast becomes restricted such that it will develop into an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory bulb interneuron development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an interneuron residing in the olfactory bulb, from its initial commitment, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a GABAergic interneuron residing in the cerebral cortex.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a neuroblast becomes restricted such that it will develop into a GABAergic interneuron residing in the cerebral cortex.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron over time, from initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron residing in the cerebral cortex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain astrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte residing in the forebrain. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain astrocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process aimed at the progression of an astrocyte that resides in the forebrain, from initial commitment of the cell to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ commitment of multipotent stem cells to the neuronal lineage in the forebrain
+
+ biological_process
+ The initial commitment of cells whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into some type of neuron in the forebrain.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventricular zone cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The commitment of neuroblast to become a basal progenitor cell. Basal progenitor cells are neuronal precursor cells that are committed to becoming neurons.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early neuron fate commitment in the forebrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The commitment of neuroepithelial cell to become a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ commitment of a neuronal cell to a specific type of neuron in the forebrain
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The commitment of neuronal precursor cells to become specialized types of neurons in the forebrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rostrocaudal neural tube patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior-posterior neural tube patterning
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the neural tube is divided into specific regions along the rostrocaudal axis.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal/ventral neural tube patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal-ventral neural tube patterning
+ The process by which the neural tube is regionalized in the dorsoventral axis.
+ dorsoventral neural tube patterning
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain-midbrain boundary formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the creation of the forebrain-midbrain boundary.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hindbrain-spinal cord boundary formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the formation of the hindbrain-spinal cord boundary.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling pathway in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
+ biological_process
+ retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened that results in the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ smoothened signalling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinoic acid metabolic process in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the synthesis and degradation of retionic acid that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord.
+ retinoic acid metabolism in spinal cord anterior-posterior patterning
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord motor neuron fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results the commitment of a cell to become a motor neuron in the ventral spinal cord.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that results in the commitment of a cell to become an interneuron in the ventral spinal cord.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of smoothened signaling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
+ negative regulation of smoothened signalling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
+ down-regulation of smoothened signaling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
+ downregulation of smoothened signaling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling that is involved in the patterns of cell differentiation in the ventral spinal cord.
+ inhibition of smoothened signaling pathway in ventral spinal cord patterning
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural tube development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inductive cell-cell signaling between paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Short range signaling between cells of the paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors in the spinal cord that specifies the fate of the motor column neuron precursors along the anterior-posterior axis.
+ inductive cell-cell signalling between paraxial mesoderm and motor neuron precursors
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic motor neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The commitment of unspecified motor neurons to specific motor neuron cell along the anterior-posterior axis of the spinal cord and their capacity to differentiate into specific motor neurons.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in somatic motor neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of spinal cord motor neurons to specific motor neuron types along the anterior-posterior axis.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BMP signaling pathway in spinal cord dorsal/ventral patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BMP signaling pathway in spinal cord dorsoventral patterning
+ bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway in spinal cord dorsal-ventral patterning
+ biological_process
+ BMP signalling pathway in spinal cord dorsal-ventral patterning
+ BMP signaling pathway in spinal cord dorsal-ventral patterning
+ bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway in spinal cord dorsal-ventral patterning
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that results in the spatial identity of regions along the dorsal-ventral axis of the spinal cord.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in spinal cord association neuron specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the commitment of neuronal precursors to association neurons in the dorsal spinal cord.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the dorsal spinal cord.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of a cell in the dorsal spinal cord that affects the rate of its division.
+ biological_process
+ Wnt receptor signalling pathway involved in regulation of cell proliferation in dorsal spinal cord
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell proliferation in the hindbrain ventricular zone
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the hindbrain region that is adjacent to the ventricular cavity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell proliferation in the external granule layer
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the external granule layer of the hindbrain. The external granule layer is the layer that originates from the rostral half of the rhombic lip in the first rhombomere.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Purkinje cell precursor proliferation
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to Purkinje cells. A Purkinje cell is an inhibitory GABAergic neuron found in the cerebellar cortex that projects to the deep cerebellar nuclei and brain stem.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi cell precursor proliferation
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to Golgi cells. A Golgi cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deep nuclear neuron precursor proliferation
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to deep nuclear neurons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basket cell precursor proliferation
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to basket cells. A cerebellar basket cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stellate cell precursor proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to stellate cells. A cerebellar stellate cell is an inhibitory GABAergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granule cell precursor proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to granule cells. A granule cell is a glutamatergic interneuron found in the cerebellar cortex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rostral hindbrain neuronal precursor cell proliferation
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of neuroblasts that will give rise to neurons of the lateral pontine nucleus and the locus ceruleus.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hindbrain radial glia guided cell migration
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The radially directed movement of cells along radial glial cells in the hindbrain. Radial migration refers to a directed movement from the internal ventricular area to the outer surface of the hindbrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial glia guided migration of granule cell
+
+ The inward migration of postmitotic granule cells along radial glial cells from the external granule layer to the internal granule cell layer.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hindbrain tangential cell migration
+
+ hindbrain neurophilic migration
+ The migration of cells in the hindbrain in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granule cell precursor tangential migration
+
+ The early migration of granule cell precursors in which cells move orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately cover the superficial zone of the cerebellar primordium.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Purkinje cell-granule cell precursor cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that mediates the transfer of information from Purkinje cells to granule cell precursors resulting in an increase in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.
+ Purkinje cell-granule cell precursor cell signalling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smoothened signaling pathway involved in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ smoothened signalling pathway in regulation of granule cell precursor cell proliferation
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane protein Smoothened in granule cells that contributes to the regulation of proliferation of the cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular matrix-granule cell signaling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ extracellular matrix-granule cell signalling involved in regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+ The process that mediates the transfer of information from the extracellular matrix to granule cell precursors resulting in a decrease in rate of granule cell precursor cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+ up regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+ The process that activates or increases the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.
+ activation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+ upregulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+ biological_process
+ The process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of granule cell precursor proliferation.
+ inhibition of granule cell precursor proliferation
+ down-regulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+ downregulation of granule cell precursor proliferation
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial glia guided migration of Purkinje cell
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The migration of postmitotic Purkinje cells along radial glial cells from the ventricular zone to the Purkinje cell layer.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of radial glial scaffolds
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bergmann fiber formation
+ The formation of scaffolds from radial glial cells. The scaffolds are used as a substrate for the radial migration of cells.
+ biological_process
+ Bergmann fiber biosynthesis
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuronal-glial interaction involved in hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The changes in adhesion between neuronal cells and glial cells as a component of the process of hindbrain glial-mediated radial cell migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of granule cell migration by calcium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium-mediated up-regulation of granule cell migration
+ calcium-mediated activation of granule cell migration
+ calcium-mediated positive regulation of granule cell migration
+ calcium-mediated up regulation of granule cell migration
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ calcium-mediated stimulation of granule cell migration
+ The process that increases the extent of granule cell motility using intracellular calcium signaling mechanisms during radial migration.
+ calcium-mediated upregulation of granule cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deep nuclear neuron cell migration
+
+ The directed movement of deep nuclear neurons from the ventricular zone to the deep hindbrain nuclei.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outward migration of deep nuclear neurons
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of deep nuclear neurons from their ventrolateral origin to a rostrodorsal region of the cerebellar plate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inward migration of deep nuclear neurons
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of deep nuclear neurons from the rostrodorsal region of the cerebellar plate to their final more ventral position.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brainstem precerebellar neuron precursor migration
+
+ The early migration of precerebellar neuronal precursors in which cells move from the rhombic lip, orthogonal to the direction of radial migration and ultimately reside in the brainstem.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemorepulsion involved in precerebellar neuron migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The creation and reception of signals that repel precerebellar neurons as a component of the process of tangential migration.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemoattraction involved in precerebellar neuron migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The creation and reception of signals that guide precerebellar neurons towards their signals, where this process is involved in tangential migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system projection neuron axonogenesis
+
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells in a different central nervous system region.
+ central nervous system axon tract development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system neuron development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the central nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system neuron axonogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system interneuron axonogenesis
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ Generation of a long process that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells from a neuron located in the central nervous system whose axons remain within a single brain region.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corticospinal tract morphogenesis
+
+ Generation of a long process of a pyramidal cell, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in cerebral cortex layer V towards target cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the corticospinal tract.
+ corticospinal tract axonogenesis
+ biological_process
+ CST axonogenesis
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gracilis tract morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ tract of Goll morphogenesis
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the gracilis tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the lower trunk and lower limb.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuneatus tract morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the dorsal root ganglion towards target cells in the medulla. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the cuneatus tract, a group of axons that are from neurons involved in proprioception from the upper trunk and upper limb.
+ tract of Burdach morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior commissure morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in one half of the cerebral cortex towards target cells in the contralateral half. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the anterior commissure, a small midline fiber tract that lies at the anterior end of the corpus callosum.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior commissure morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the midbrain towards target cells in the diencephalon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibulospinal tract morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the vestibular nucleus of the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinothalamic tract morphogenesis
+
+ dorsolateral tract of Lissauer morphogenesis
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the spinothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive signaling.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rubrospinal tract morphogenesis
+
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the red nucleus of the midbrain towards target cells in the spinal cord.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spinal cord ventral commissure morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the spinal cord ventral commissure are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corticospinal neuron axon guidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone of a neuron that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed from the cerebral cortex layer V to the spinal cord dorsal funiculus in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corticospinal neuron axon neuron guidance through the cerebral cortex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed from its cell body in layer V through the cerebral cortex in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the internal capsule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral cortex through the internal capsule in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the cerebral peduncle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the internal capsule through the cerebral peduncle in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the basilar pons
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the cerebral peduncle through the basilar pons in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the medullary pyramid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after exiting the basilar pons through the medullary pyramid in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corticospinal neuron axon guidance through the spinal cord
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed after decussation through the spinal cord in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corticospinal neuron axon decussation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone of a pyramidal cell that is part of the corticospinal tract is directed to cross the midline to the contralateral side.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trigeminothalamic tract morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in spinal cord towards target cells in the thalamus. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the trigeminothalamic tract, one of the major routes of nociceptive and temperature signaling from the face.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pons reticulospinal tract morphogenesis
+
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the pons towards target cells in the spinal cord.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medulla reticulospinal tract morphogenesis
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the medulla towards target cells in the spinal cord.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tectospinal tract morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the superior colliculus of the midbrain towards target cells in the ventral spinal cord.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telencephalon regionalization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypothalamus cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The differentiation of cells that will contribute to the structure and function of the hypothalamus.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subpallium cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The orderly movement of cells from one site to another in the subpallium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subpallium radially oriented migration
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The migration of cells in the developing subpallium in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pineal gland development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the pineal gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes melatonin and is involved in circadian rhythms.
+ epiphysis development
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pituitary gland development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
+ hypophysis development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenohypophysis development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the adenohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.
+ adenophysis development
+ anterior pituitary gland development
+ anterior pituitary development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurohypophysis development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurophysis development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The progression of the neurohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.
+ biological_process
+ posterior pituitary gland development
+ posterior pituitary development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ habenula development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The progression of the habenula over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The habenula is the group of nuclei that makes up the stalk of the pineal gland.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebral cortex development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.
+ neocortex development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory lobe development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The progression of the olfactory lobe over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory lobe is the area of the brain that process the neural inputs for the sense of smell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory cortex development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the olfactory cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory cortex is involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and is responsible for the identification of odors.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural plate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The formation of the flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells known as the neural plate. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural plate thickening
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process of apical-basal elongation of individual ectodermal cells during the formation of the neural placode.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell proliferation involved in neural plate elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of expansion of cell numbers in the neural plate due to cell division of progenitor cells preferentially in the rostrocaudal direction, resulting in the elongation of the tissue.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initiation of neural tube closure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which closure points are established at multiple points and along the neural rostrocaudal axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progression of neural tube closure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the neural folds are fused extending from the initial closure points.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuropore closure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of joining together the neural folds at either end of the neural tube.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamina terminalis formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the anterior-most portion of the neural axis is formed by closure of the anterior neuropore.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural plate pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The pattern specification process whereby the axes of the nervous system are established.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural plate mediolateral pattern formation
+
+ The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random mediolateral spatial arrangement of the neural plate.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural plate anterioposterior pattern formation
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the neural plate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain induction by the anterior neural ridge
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The close range interaction of the anterior neural ridge to the caudal region of the neural plate that specifies the forebrain fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caudalization of neural plate
+ posteriorization
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ inhibition of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ downregulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ down-regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate
+
+
+ Wnt receptor signaling involved in down-regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ Wnt receptor signaling involved in inhibition of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ Wnt receptor signaling involved in down regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ biological_process
+ Wnt receptor signaling involved in downregulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Wnt receptor signalling involved in negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ Wnt receptor signaling involved in negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which a cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate commitment of the neural plate
+
+
+ fgf receptor signaling involved in downregulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ fgf receptor signaling involved in inhibition of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ fgf receptor signaling involved in negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ fgf receptor signaling involved in down regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ fgf receptor signalling involved in negative regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ The series of molecular signals that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency or rate at which cell adopts an anterior neural cell fate, generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ fgf receptor signaling involved in down-regulation of anterior neural cell fate of the neural plate
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation during brain development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ A developmental process occurring during brain development, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ midbrain-hindbrain boundary maturation during neural plate development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ A developmental process involved in neural plate development. This process is independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, and is required for the midbrain-hindbrain boundary to attain its fully functional state. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages. An organizing center at the boundary patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zona limitans intrathalamica formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zli biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ zli formation
+ The formation of the narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ convergent extension involved in neural plate elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process of directed cell movement in the neural plate resulting in tissue elongation via intercalation of adjacent cells in an epithelial sheet at the midline, leading to narrowing and lengthening of the neural plate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Generation of cells within the nervous system.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ Wikipedia:Neurogenesis
+ nervous system cell generation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system vasculogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelination in the central nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ central nervous system myelination
+ The process whereby neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelination in the peripheral nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby neuronal axons and dendrites become coated with a segmented lipid-rich sheath (myelin) to enable faster and more energetically efficient conduction of electrical impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.
+ peripheral nervous system myelination
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subpallium cell proliferation in the forebrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The multiplication or reproduction of subpallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pallium cell proliferation in the forebrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of pallium cells in the forebrain, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial glial cell division in the subpallium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The division of a radial glial cell in the subpallium. A radial glial cell is a precursor cell that gives rise to neurons and astrocytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial glial cell division in the pallium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The division of a radial glial cell in the pallium. A radial glial cell is a precursor cell that gives rise to neurons and astrocytes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glioblast cell division in the pallium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The division of a glioblast in the pallium. A glioblast is a dividing precursor cell that gives rise to glial cells.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast division in the pallium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The division of neuroblast in the pallium. Neuroblasts are precursor cells that give rise to neurons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medial ganglionic eminence cell proliferation
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The multiplication or reproduction of medial ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caudal ganglionic eminence cell proliferation
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of caudal ganglionic eminence cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septal cell proliferation
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ septum cell proliferation
+ The multiplication or reproduction of septal cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial glial cell fate commitment in the forebrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a radial glial cell in the forebrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BMP signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BMP signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a bone morphogenic protein receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
+ bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+ bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ leukemia inhibitory factor signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a leukemia inhibitory factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal growth factor signaling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a epidermal growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that contributes to the commitment of a neuroblast to a neuronal fate. The neuron will reside in the forebrain.
+ biological_process
+ epidermal growth factor signalling pathway involved in forebrain neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interkinetic nuclear migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The movement of the nucleus of the ventricular zone cell between the apical and the basal zone surfaces. Mitosis occurs when the nucleus is near the apical surface, that is, the lumen of the ventricle.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The migration of cells in the telencephalon from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb in which cells move orthogonally to the direction of radial migration and do not use radial glial cell processes as substrates for migration.
+ rostral migratory stream migration
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telencephalon cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The orderly movement of cells from one site to another at least one of which is located in the telencephalon.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telencephalon glial cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The orderly movement of glial cells through the telencephalon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telencephalon astrocyte cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ The orderly movement of astrocyte cells through the telencephalon.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telencephalon oligodendrocyte cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of telencephalon oligodendrocyte cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telencephalon microglial cell migration
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The orderly movement of microglial cells through the telencephalon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The multiplication or reproduction of rhombomere cells, resulting in the expansion of the cell population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The movement of cells within a rhombomere. This process is known to occur as an early step in the generation of anatomical structure from a rhombomere.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhombomere cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a rhombomere cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metencephalon development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corpus callosum development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corpus callosum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corpus callosum is a thick bundle of nerve fibers comprising a commissural plate connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. It consists of contralateral axon projections that provide communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of rhodopsin mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin-mediated signaling.
+ regulation of rhodopsin mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adaptation of signaling pathway
+
+ The negative regulation of a signal transduction pathway in response to a stimulus upon prolonged exposure to that stimulus.
+ adaptation of signal transduction pathway
+ desensitization of signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ adaptation of signalling pathway
+ desensitization of signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle phase
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through one of the biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molting cycle process
+
+ biological_process
+ A multicellular organismal process involved in the periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair cycle process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A multicellular organismal process involved in the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane docking
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The initial attachment of a membrane or protein to a target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of cell-cell adhesion
+ down regulation of cell-cell adhesion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.
+ inhibition of cell-cell adhesion
+ downregulation of cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of cell-cell adhesion
+ up-regulation of cell-cell adhesion
+ activation of cell-cell adhesion
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of cell-cell adhesion
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell.
+ upregulation of cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian sleep/wake cycle process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular component disassembly
+
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ cell structure disassembly
+ gosubset_prok
+ A cellular process that results in the breakdown of a part of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive cellular process in multicellular organism
+
+ biological_process
+ A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive process in single-celled organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a single-celled organism.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral reproductive process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral life cycle process
+ A reproductive process involved in viral reproduction. Usually, this is by infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bristle development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bristle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A bristle is an insect sensory organ.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein maturation by protein folding
+
+
+ The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single chain polypeptides or multisubunit complexes into the correct tertiary structure that results in the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ digestive system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ menstrual cycle phase
+
+
+ The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The menstrual cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is shed if pregnancy does not occur.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovulation cycle process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ menstrual cycle process
+ A process involved in the sexual cycle seen in female mammals, with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.
+ estrous cycle process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of morphogenesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process by which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
+ regulation of cell shape and cell size
+ positive regulation of cell shape and cell size
+ negative regulation of cell shape and cell size
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oogenesis stage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ oogenesis process
+ A process that contributes to the formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of proximal/distal cell polarity
+
+ biological_process
+ The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its proximal/distal axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular component assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ cell structure assembly
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a cellular component.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organism adhesion
+
+
+ The attachment of a multicellular organism to a substrate or other organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organism adhesion to substrate
+
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of a multicellular organism to a surface or material.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological adhesion
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of a cell or organism to a substrate or other organism.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dormancy process
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a dormant state is induced, maintained and broken. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gland morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RNA-protein complex biogenesis
+ The cellular process by which a complex containing RNA and proteins is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. Includes the synthesis of the constituent RNA and protein molecules.
+ ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane to membrane docking
+
+ biological_process
+ The initial attachment of a membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the two membranes. Docking requires only that the membranes come close enough for the proteins to interact and adhere.
+ membrane-membrane docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein to membrane docking
+
+ biological_process
+ The initial attachment of a protein to a target membrane, mediated by a proteins protruding from the target membrane. Docking requires only that the proteins come close enough to interact and adhere.
+ protein-membrane docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA strand elongation
+
+ The DNA metabolic process by which a DNA strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing DNA stand.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular matrix disassembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a ribonucleoprotein complex.
+ RNP complex assembly
+ gosubset_prok
+ RNA-protein complex assembly
+ protein-RNA complex assembly
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generative cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a generative cell. The generative cell gives rise to the sperm cells in the male gametophyte.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vegetative cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tube cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vegetative cell. The vegetative cell is gives rise to the pollen tube.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shoot system development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the shoot system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root system development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome-activating nucleotidase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A multisubunit complex that recognizes and unfolds core proteasome substrate proteins, and translocates them to the core complex in an ATP dependent manner.
+ PAN
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome accessory complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex, that caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex and regulates entry into, or exit from, the proteasome core complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic large ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (sensu Eukaryota)
+ GO:0030872
+ eukaryotic ribosomal LSU
+ 50S ribosomal subunit
+ prokaryotic large ribosomal subunit
+ GO:0005842
+ GO:0030498
+ cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (sensu Archaea)
+ cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (sensu Bacteria)
+ GO:0009282
+ The large subunit of the ribosome that is found in the cytosol of the cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
+ cellular_component
+ 60S ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic ribosome
+
+
+ cytosolic ribosome (sensu Eukaryota)
+ GO:0005830
+ cytosolic ribosome (sensu Archaea)
+ 80S ribosome
+ GO:0030871
+ cytosolic ribosome (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0009281
+ A ribosome that is found in the cytosol of the cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
+ 70S ribosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic small ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0030499
+ cellular_component
+ eukaryotic ribosomal SSU
+ prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit
+ GO:0009283
+ cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (sensu Bacteria)
+ The small subunit of the ribosome that is found in the cytosol of the cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
+ 30S ribosomal subunit
+ GO:0005843
+ 40S ribosomal subunit
+ cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (sensu Archaea)
+ GO:0030873
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast large ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The large subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.
+ cellular_component
+ chloroplast ribosomal LSU complex
+ chloroplast ribosomal large subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast small ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast ribosomal small subunit complex
+ cellular_component
+ The small subunit of a ribosome contained within a chloroplast.
+ chloroplast ribosomal SSU complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transmembrane transporter activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electron transport chain
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Electron_transport_chain
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory electron transport chain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_plant
+ electron transfer
+ dihydropteridine reduction
+ goslim_yeast
+ other pathways of electron transport
+ goslim_candida
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_pir
+ A process whereby a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
+ dihydrolipoamide reduction
+ Wikipedia:Electron_transfer
+ biological_process
+ oxidized glutathione reduction
+ dihydrolipoylprotein reduction
+ 6-phosphofructokinase reduction
+ dihydrobiopterin reduction
+ protein-disulfide reduction
+ goslim_goa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear migration to embryo sac poles
+
+ nucleus migration to megagametophyte poles
+ nuclear migration to megagametophyte poles
+ biological_process
+ nuclear migration to female gametophyte poles
+ nucleus migration to embryo sac poles
+ Migration of the nuclei of the two-nucleate embryo sac to opposite poles of the cell.
+ nucleus migration to female gametophyte poles
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear migration to the embryo sac center
+
+ nucleus migration to the female gametophyte center
+ nuclear migration to the megagametophyte centre
+ Migration of one of the four nuclei at each pole of the eight-nucleate embryo sac, to the center of the cell.
+ nucleus migration to the female gametophyte centre
+ nuclear migration to the female gametophyte center
+ nuclear migration to the female gametophyte centre
+ biological_process
+ nuclear migration to the embryo sac centre
+ nuclear migration to the megagametophyte center
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metal ion transport
+
+ biological_process
+ heavy metal ion transport
+ The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular anion homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of anions at the level of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular cation homeostasis
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of cations at the level of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of monovalent inorganic cations at the level of a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular di-, tri-valent inorganic cation homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of divalent or trivalent cations at the level of a cell.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular potassium ion homeostasis
+
+
+
+ GO:0017079
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of potassium ions at the level of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TRAPP complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A large complex present on the cis-Golgi that acts prior to SNARE complex assembly to mediate vesicle docking and fusion.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:TRAPP_complex
+ transport protein particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of cell polarity
+
+ establishment of cell polarity (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ GO:0000283
+ cell polarization
+ The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
+ bud site selection/establishment of cell polarity (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ GO:0030468
+ biological_process
+ establishment of cell polarity (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of cell polarity
+
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of cell polarity (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ GO:0030013
+ maintenance of cell polarity (sensu Fungi)
+ GO:0030469
+ The maintenance of established anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CCR4-NOT complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A large multimeric transcription factor complex that can regulate transcription positively or negatively; consists of a core complex plus additional proteins; may interact with other proteins to control initiation of transcription. In Saccharomyces the core complex comprises Ccr4p, Caf1p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p; Caf4p, Caf16p, and several less well characterized proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CCR4-NOT core complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The core of the CCR4-NOT transcription factor complex. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT core complex comprises Ccr4p, Caf1p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myofibril
+
+ cellular_component
+ striated muscle fibre
+ The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
+ striated muscle fiber
+ Wikipedia:Myofibril
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
+ Wikipedia:Sarcomere
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Z disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Z band
+ cellular_component
+ Z disk
+ Z line
+ Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular manganese ion homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of manganese ions at the level of a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ manganese homeostasis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamellipodium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a crawling fibroblast; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
+ Wikipedia:Lamellipodia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament-based process
+
+ Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
+ biological_process
+ microfilament-based process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell projection organization
+
+ cell projection organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ cell surface structure organization and biogenesis
+ cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell projection assembly
+
+
+ cell projection biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Formation of a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
+ formation of a cell surface projection
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamellipodium assembly
+
+ lamellipodium biosynthesis
+ lamellipodium formation
+ biological_process
+ lamellipodium biogenesis
+ Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microvillus assembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ microvillus biogenesis
+ Formation of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microvillar actin bundle formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Assembly of the parallel bundle of actin filaments at the core of a microvillus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microspike assembly
+
+ Formation of a microspike, a thin, stiff projection extended from the surface of a migrating cell.
+ microspike formation
+ biological_process
+ microspike biosynthesis
+ microspike biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin cytoskeleton organization
+
+
+ actin cytoskeleton organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
+ actin modulating activity
+ actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament reorganization during cell cycle
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby rearrangement of the spatial distribution of actin filaments and associated proteins occurs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile actin filament bundle formation
+
+ biological_process
+ Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are loosely packed (approximately 30-60 nm apart) and arranged with opposing polarities; the loose packing allows myosin (usually myosin-II) to enter the bundle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament polymerization
+
+
+ Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.
+ biological_process
+ actin polymerizing activity
+ actin polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament depolymerization
+
+
+ Disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.
+ actin depolymerization
+ actin depolymerizing activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament fragmentation
+
+ biological_process
+ The severing of actin filaments into numerous short fragments, usually mediated by actin severing proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parallel actin filament bundle formation
+
+ Assembly of actin filament bundles in which the filaments are tightly packed (approximately 10-20 nm apart) and oriented with the same polarity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin modification
+
+
+ GO:0007013
+ biological_process
+ Covalent modification of an actin molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament-based movement
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Movement of organelles or other particles along actin filaments, or sliding of actin filaments past each other, mediated by motor proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle filament sliding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle transport along actin filament
+
+ biological_process
+ Movement of a vesicle along an actin filament, mediated by motor proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell junction
+
+ Wikipedia:Cell_junction
+ A plasma membrane part that forms a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-substrate junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-matrix junction
+ A cell junction that forms a connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemidesmosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Hemidesmosome
+ A cell-substrate junction that forms a point of contact between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the basal lamina. Morphologically resembles desmosomes; attached to intermediate filaments.
+ hemi-adherens junction
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ desmosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macula adherens
+ cellular_component
+ spot desmosome
+ A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism.
+ Wikipedia:Desmosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial crista
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial cristae
+ cellular_component
+ See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial inner membrane ; GO:0005743'.
+ Any of the inward folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Their number, extent, and shape differ in mitochondria from different tissues and organisms. They appear to be devices for increasing the surface area of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the enzymes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are found. Their shape can vary with the respiratory state of the mitochondria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any of the heteromeric enzymes, located in the mitochondrion, that act in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
+ cellular_component
+ TCA cycle enzyme complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysogeny
+
+ Wikipedia:Lysogenic_cycle
+ The incorporation of a bacteriophage genome into the genome of its bacterial host organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin processing
+
+
+ The formation of mature insulin by proteolysis of the precursor preproinsulin. The signal sequence is first cleaved from preproinsulin to form proinsulin; proinsulin is then cleaved to release the C peptide, leaving the A and B chains of mature insulin linked by disulfide bridges.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the onset of anaphase (chromosome movement) in the mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide hormone secretion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of proinsulin from secretory granules (B granules) in the B cells of the pancreas; accompanied by cleavage of proinsulin to form mature insulin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane-derived thylakoid
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ thylakoid (sensu Cyanobacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ A thylakoid that is derived from and attached to, but not necessarily continuous with, the plasma membrane, and is not enclosed in a plastid. It bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic cyanobacteria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light-harvesting complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ A protein-pigment complex that may be closely or peripherally associated to photosynthetic reaction centers that participate in harvesting and transferring radiant energy to the reaction center.
+ antenna complex
+ Wikipedia:Light-harvesting_complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane light-harvesting complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light-harvesting complex (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ A plasma membrane protein-pigment complex that may be closely or peripherally associated to photosynthetic reaction centers that participate in harvesting and transferring radiant energy to the reaction center.
+ light-harvesting complex (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light-harvesting complex, core complex
+
+ Light harvesting complex associated with the reaction complex of photosynthetic purple bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light-harvesting complex, peripheral complex
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Bacteriochlorophyll a binding complex that is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B875 antenna complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ light harvesting complex I
+ cellular_component
+ LH1 complex
+ Protein complex that surrounds and transfers excitation energy directly to the bacterial reaction center; binds bacteriochlorophyll a and has a single absorption band between 870 and 890 nm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B800-820 antenna complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Protein-pigment complex that absorbs light at 800 and 820 nm; is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center; transfers excitation energy to the B875 antenna complex.
+ cellular_component
+ LH3 complex
+ light harvesting complex III
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B800-850 antenna complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Protein-pigment complex that absorbs light at 800 and 850 nm; is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center; transfers excitation energy to the B875 antenna complex.
+ cellular_component
+ light harvesting complex II
+ LH2 complex
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIa subcomplex
+
+ A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 24 and 21.5 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum between 680 and 690 nm.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIb subcomplex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 20 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum of 730 nm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex, LHCIIb subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem II associated light-harvesting complex II; contains two proteins (usually about 28 and 27 kDa), and may contain a third; peripherally located relative to other LHC polypeptides.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phycobilisome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any of the granules, approximately 32 nm x 48 nm and consisting of highly aggregated phycobiliproteins, that are attached in arrays to the external face of a thylakoid membrane in algae of the phyla Cyanophyta and Rhodophyta, where they function as light-harvesting devices in photosynthesis. Excitation energy in the phycobilisome flows in the sequence: phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin before passing to the antenna chlorophyll of photosystem II.
+ Wikipedia:Phycobilisome
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein repair
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of restoring a protein to its original state after damage by such things as oxidation or spontaneous decomposition of residues.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of flagellum assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a flagellum.
+ regulation of flagellum biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of flagella assembly
+ regulation of flagella biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast photosystem I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ photosystem I (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ Photosystem located in the chloroplast that functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane-derived photosystem I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid. The photosystem functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.
+ cellular_component
+ plasma membrane photosystem I
+ gosubset_prok
+ photosystem I (sensu Cyanobacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast photosystem II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An integral chloroplast membrane complex containing the P680 reaction center. In the light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone.
+ photosystem II (sensu Viridiplantae)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane-derived thylakoid photosystem II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A protein complex, located in the membrane-derived thylakoid, containing the P680 reaction center. In the light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone.
+ photosystem II (sensu Cyanobacteria)
+ plasma membrane photosystem II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemopoiesis
+
+ hematopoiesis
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.
+ Wikipedia:Haematopoiesis
+ blood cell biosynthesis
+ haemopoiesis
+ biological_process
+ blood cell formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires specialized features of B cells, T cells, or natural killer cells.
+ lymphocyte cell differentiation
+ GO:0046650
+ lymphocytic blood cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of endocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell activation
+
+ biological_process
+ NK cell activation
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell in response to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasopressin secretion
+
+ The regulated release of vasopressin from secretory granules into the blood.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ water homeostasis
+
+ regulation of osmotic pressure
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of water within an organism or cell.
+ GO:0018987
+ biological_process
+ osmoregulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt receptor mediated signal transduction pathway.
+ regulation of frizzled signalling pathway
+ GO:0008590
+ biological_process
+ regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycocalyx
+
+ Wikipedia:Glycocalyx
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ A viscous, carbohydrate rich layer at the outermost periphery of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slime layer
+
+ Wikipedia:Slime_layer
+ cellular_component
+ A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell. Specifically this consists mostly of exopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-layer
+
+ A crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:S-layer
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane coat
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes, and possibly others. They are found associated with membranes on many vesicles as well as other membrane features such as pits and perhaps tubules.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin coat
+
+ clathrin cage
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Clathrin
+ GO:0016190
+ A membrane coat found on coated pits and some coated vesicles; consists of polymerized clathrin triskelions, each comprising three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, linked to the membrane via one of the AP adaptor complexes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ Any of several heterotetrameric complexes that link clathrin (or another coat-forming molecule, as hypothesized for AP-3 and AP-4) to a membrane surface; they are found on coated pits and coated vesicles, and mediate sorting of cargo proteins into vesicles. Each AP complex contains two large (a beta and one of either an alpha, gamma, delta, or epsilon) subunits (110-130 kDa), a medium (mu) subunit (approximately 50 kDa), and a small (sigma) subunit (15-20 kDa).
+ clathrin adaptor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle coat
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane coat found on a coated vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AP-1 adaptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ HA1
+ HA1 clathrin adaptor
+ An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta1, gamma1, mu1 and sigma1 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-1-containing coats are normally found primarily in the trans-Golgi network.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AP-2 adaptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ HA2
+ An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of alpha, beta2, mu2 and sigma2 subunits and links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-2-containing coats are normally found primarily near the plasma membrane, on endocytic vesicles.
+ HA2 clathrin adaptor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AP-3 adaptor complex
+
+ An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta3, delta, mu3 and sigma3 subunits and is found associated with endosomal membranes; it is not clear whether AP-3 forms clathrin coats in vivo.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AP-4 adaptor complex
+
+ An AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex that consists of beta4, epsilon, mu4 and sigma4 subunits and is found associated with membranes in the trans-Golgi network; it is not clear whether AP-4 forms clathrin coats in vivo.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin vesicle coat
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A clathrin coat found on a vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ COPI vesicle coat
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coatomer
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0017167
+ One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. The mammalian COPI subunits are called alpha-, beta-, beta'-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-COP. Vesicles with COPI coats are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ COPII vesicle coat
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. COPII is best characterized in S. cerevisiae, where the subunits are called Sar1p, Sec13p, Sec31p, Sec23p, and Sec24p. Vesicles with COPII coats are found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin coat of endocytic vesicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin coat of endocytotic vesicle
+ A clathrin coat found on an endocytic vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin coat of synaptic vesicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A clathrin coat found on a synaptic vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin coat of trans-Golgi network vesicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A clathrin coat found on a vesicle of the trans-Golgi network.
+ clathrin coat of TGN vesicle
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin adaptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A membrane coat adaptor complex that links clathrin to a membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin coat of coated pit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transport vesicle
+
+ Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, or to destinations within or outside the cell.
+ Golgi-vacuole transport vesicle
+ Golgi to vacuole transport vesicle
+ Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'secretory granule ; GO:0030141'.
+ cellular_component
+ secretory vesicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER to Golgi transport vesicle
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport vesicle
+ A vesicle that mediates transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex; bears a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins; such vesicles found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state, and are involved in ER to Golgi (anterograde) vesicle transport.
+ ER-Golgi transport vesicle
+ COPII vesicle
+ COPII-coated vesicle
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0030138
+ endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport vesicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coated vesicle
+
+ GO:0005909
+ cellular_component
+ Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin-coated vesicle
+
+ cellular_component
+ A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ COPI-coated vesicle
+
+
+ A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPI coat complex proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state, are involved in Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum (retrograde) vesicle transport, and possibly also in intra-Golgi transport.
+ coatomer
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endocytic vesicle
+
+ endocytotic vesicle
+ endocytotic transport vesicle
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trans-Golgi network transport vesicle
+
+
+
+ TGN transport vesicle
+ A vesicle that mediates transport between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretory granule
+
+ A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.
+ secretory vesicle
+ Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'transport vesicle ; GO:0030133'.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi to ER transport vesicle
+
+
+ Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle
+ Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle
+ Golgi-ER transport vesicle
+ cellular_component
+ A vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inter-Golgi transport vesicle
+
+
+ GO:0005807
+ cellular_component
+ A vesicle that mediates transport of cargo within the Golgi complex (for example, between cisternae of the Golgi stack).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diuresis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Diuresis
+ The process of renal water excretion.
+ renal water excretion
+ GO:0003076
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of renal water excretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natriuresis
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of renal sodium excretion.
+ Wikipedia:Natriuresis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingolipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ sphingolipid anabolism
+ sphingolipid biosynthesis
+ sphingolipid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5129
+ sphingolipid formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingolipid catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ sphingolipid degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingolipids, any of a class of lipids containing the long-chain amine diol sphingosine or a closely related base (a sphingoid).
+ sphingolipid breakdown
+ sphingolipid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into mitochondrial matrix
+
+
+ mitochondrial translocation
+ The import of proteins across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes into the matrix. Unfolded proteins enter the mitochondrial matrix with a chaperone protein; the information required to target the precursor protein from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix is contained within its N-terminal matrix-targeting sequence. Translocation of precursors to the matrix occurs at the rare sites where the outer and inner membranes are close together.
+ biological_process
+ protein transport into mitochondrial matrix
+ mitochondrial matrix protein import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bacteriocin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ bacteriocin synthesis
+ bacteriocin anabolism
+ bacteriocin biosynthesis
+ bacteriocin formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bacteriocin immunity
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ A process that mediates resistance to a bacteriocin: any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell differentiation
+
+ Wikipedia:Cellular_differentiation
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_goa
+ biological_process
+ goslim_plant
+ goslim_generic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell adhesion receptor regulator activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pancreatic juice secretion
+
+
+ The regulated release of pancreatic juice by the exocrine pancreas into the upper part of the intestine. Pancreatic juice is slightly alkaline and contains numerous enzymes and inactive enzyme precursors including alpha-amylase, chymotrypsinogen, lipase, procarboxypeptidase, proelastase, prophospholipase A2, ribonuclease, and trypsinogen. Its high concentration of bicarbonate ions helps to neutralize the acid from the stomach.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of proteolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of peptidolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pombe
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_candida
+ Wikipedia:Protein_catabolism
+ goslim_yeast
+ protein catabolism
+ pheromone catabolism (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ protein breakdown
+ pheromone catabolic process (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ protein degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein denaturation
+
+ Structural change in proteins which destroys the native, active configuration without rupture of peptide bonds.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Denaturation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteoglycan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
+ proteoglycan formation
+ proteoglycan synthesis
+ proteoglycan anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ proteoglycan biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteoglycan catabolic process
+
+
+
+ proteoglycan breakdown
+ proteoglycan degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ proteoglycan catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to Golgi membrane
+
+
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the Golgi complex membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ Golgi integral membrane protein
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA replication initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA replication; the process by which DNA becomes competent to replicate. In eukaryotes, replication competence is established in early G1 and lost during the ensuing S phase.
+ DNA replication licencing
+ DNA replication licensing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ filopodium
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ GO:0030028
+ Wikipedia:Filopodia
+ Thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone; usually approximately 0.1 um wide, 5-10 um long, can be up to 50 um long in axon growth cones; contains a loose bundle of about 20 actin filaments oriented with their plus ends pointing outward.
+ microspike
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
+
+
+ ER integral membrane protein
+ integral to ER membrane
+ cellular_component
+ Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ positive regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
+ stimulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+ stimulation of frizzled signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of frizzled signalling pathway
+ up-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+ upregulation of frizzled signaling pathway
+ up regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+ up regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+ GO:0045811
+ activation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+ activation of frizzled signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of frizzled signalling pathway
+ inhibition of frizzled signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
+ GO:0045810
+ down regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+ down-regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
+ inhibition of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+ downregulation of frizzled signaling pathway
+ downregulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+ down regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of Wnt receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell differentiation
+
+
+ B lymphocyte differentiation
+ GO:0042115
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell.
+ biological_process
+ B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was moved.
+ B-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitric oxide transport
+
+ The directed movement of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melatonin metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ melatonin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melatonin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ melatonin synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).
+ gosubset_prok
+ melatonin biosynthesis
+ melatonin formation
+ melatonin anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of blood coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of blood coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of blood coagulation
+ up-regulation of blood coagulation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.
+ activation of blood coagulation
+ up regulation of blood coagulation
+ upregulation of blood coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of blood coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.
+ down-regulation of blood coagulation
+ inhibition of blood coagulation
+ downregulation of blood coagulation
+ down regulation of blood coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular matrix organization
+
+ extracellular matrix organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ extracellular matrix organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen fibril organization
+
+ fibrillar collagen organization
+ biological_process
+ collagen fibril organisation
+ Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolism
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan catabolism
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha1->4 linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.
+ heparin proteoglycan catabolic process
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan breakdown
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process
+
+
+ heparan sulfate proteoglycan metabolism
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ heparan sulphate proteoglycan metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any proteoglycan containing heparan sulfate, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans that have repeat units consisting of alternating alpha1->4 linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues, the former being a mixture of sulfated and nonsulfated D-glucuronic and L-iduronic acids, and the latter being either sulfated or acetylated on its amino group as well as sulfated on one of its hydroxyl groups.
+ heparin proteoglycan metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heparin metabolic process
+
+ heparin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells. They are similar to heparan sulfates but are of somewhat higher average Mr (6000-20000) and contain fewer N-acetyl groups and more N-sulfate and O-sulfate groups; they may be attached in the same manner to protein, forming proteoglycans. They consist predominantly of alternating alpha1->4-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
+ heparan sulfate metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosaminoglycan metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycosaminoglycan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars. Formerly known as mucopolysaccharides, they include hyaluronic acid and chondroitin, which provide lubrication in joints and form part of the matrix of cartilage. The three-dimensional structure of these molecules enables them to trap water, which forms a gel and gives glycosaminoglycans their elastic properties.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroitin sulfate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroitin sulphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ chondroitin sulphate metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate. They usually occur linked to a protein to form proteoglycans. Two subgroups exist, one in which the sulfate is on the 4-position (chondroitin sulfate A) and the second in which it is in the 6-position (chondroitin sulfate C). They often are polydisperse and often differ in the degree of sulfation from tissue to tissue. The chains of repeating disaccharide are covalently linked to the side chains of serine residues in the polypeptide backbone of a protein by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide unit galactosyl-galactosyl-xylosyl. Chondroitin sulfate B is more usually known as dermatan sulfate.
+ biological_process
+ chondroitin sulfate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dermatan sulfate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ dermatan sulphate metabolism
+ chondroitin sulfate B metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units. They are important components of ground substance or intercellular cement of skin and some connective tissues.
+ chondroitin sulfate B metabolism
+ dermatan sulfate metabolism
+ dermatan sulphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroitin sulfate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis
+ chondroitin sulfate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ chondroitin sulphate biosynthetic process
+ chondroitin sulphate biosynthesis
+ chondroitin sulfate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroitin sulfate catabolic process
+
+
+ chondroitin sulfate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ chondroitin sulfate breakdown
+ chondroitin sulphate catabolism
+ chondroitin sulphate catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate, any member of a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues, the repeat units of which consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
+ chondroitin sulfate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dermatan sulfate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dermatan sulphate biosynthesis
+ dermatan sulfate anabolism
+ chondroitin sulfate B biosynthesis
+ chondroitin sulfate B biosynthetic process
+ dermatan sulfate biosynthesis
+ dermatan sulfate synthesis
+ dermatan sulfate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ dermatan sulphate biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate, any glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dermatan sulfate catabolic process
+
+
+ dermatan sulphate catabolic process
+ dermatan sulfate catabolism
+ chondroitin sulfate B catabolic process
+ dermatan sulfate degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dermatan sulfate, any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
+ dermatan sulphate catabolism
+ chondroitin sulfate B catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ dermatan sulfate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heparin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ heparin formation
+ heparin synthesis
+ heparin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ heparan sulfate biosynthetic process
+ heparin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha1->4-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heparin catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans of average Mr (6000-20000), consisting predominantly of alternating alpha1->4-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
+ heparan sulfate catabolic process
+ heparin degradation
+ biological_process
+ heparin catabolism
+ heparin breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyaluronan metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
+ hyaluronan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyaluronan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ hyaluronan formation
+ hyaluronan biosynthesis
+ hyaluronan anabolism
+ hyaluronan synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyaluronan catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
+ hyaluronan catabolism
+ hyaluronan degradation
+ hyaluronan breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratinocyte differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte.
+ biological_process
+ keratinocyte cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell differentiation
+
+
+ GO:0042112
+ T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ T-cell development
+ GO:0046652
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
+ T lymphocyte differentiation
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was moved. Note that the term 'thymocyte differentiation' was merged into this term because thymocytes are T cells, and thus the term was essentially redundant.
+ T-cell differentiation
+ T cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythrocyte cell differentiation
+ RBC differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte.
+ red blood cell differentiation
+ Wikipedia:Erythropoiesis
+ erythropoiesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megakaryocyte differentiation
+
+ The process by which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of a megakaryocyte.
+ biological_process
+ megakaryocyte cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet formation
+
+
+ The process by which platelets bud from long processes extended by megakaryocytes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil differentiation
+
+ basophil cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires specialized features of a basophil cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophil differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specializes features of an eosinophil.
+ eosinophil cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a neutrophil.
+ neutrophil cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocyte differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte.
+ monocyte cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage.
+ macrophage cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin control element activator complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ ICE activator complex
+ Transcription factor complex that binds to the insulin control element (ICE), a DNA sequence element found within the 5'-flanking region of the insulin gene, and activates ICE-mediated transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female sex determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The specification of female sex of an individual organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male sex determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The specification of male sex of an individual organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myofibril assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of myofibrils, the repeating units of striated muscle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle thin filament assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Formation of the actin-based thin filaments of myofibrils.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle thick filament assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of the myosin-based thick filaments of myofibrils.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisome degradation
+
+
+ The process by which peroxisomes are delivered to the vacuole and degraded in response to changing nutrient conditions.
+ biological_process
+ pexophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellulose metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0016177
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.
+ cellulose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellulose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1001
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellulose formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.
+ biological_process
+ cellulose biosynthesis
+ cellulose anabolism
+ cellulose synthesis
+ GO:0016178
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellulose catabolic process
+
+
+ cellulose catabolism
+ GO:0016179
+ cellulose breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellulose degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth hormone secretion
+
+ The regulated release of growth hormone from secretory granules into the blood.
+ biological_process
+ somatotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein secretion by the type I secretion system
+
+ protein secretion by the TOSS
+ Note that this term represents an activity and not a cellular structure. Consider also annotating to the cellular component term 'type I protein secretion system complex ; GO:0030256'.
+ protein secretion by the type I protein secretion system
+ The process by which proteins are secreted into the extracellular milieu via the type I secretion system; secretion occurs in a continuous process without the distinct presence of periplasmic intermediates and does not involve proteolytic processing of secreted proteins.
+ type I protein secretion system
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein secretion by the type III secretion system
+
+ type III protein secretion system
+ protein secretion by the T3S
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein secretion by the TTSS
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term represents an activity and not a cellular structure. Consider also annotating to the cellular component term 'type III protein secretion system complex ; GO:0030257'. Note that this term is used for annotation of proteins that compose the secretion complex but not the proteins being secreted.
+ protein secretion by the type III protein secretion system
+ The process by which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells by the bacterial type III secretion system; secretion occurs in a continuous process without the distinct presence of periplasmic intermediates and does not involve proteolytic processing of secreted proteins.
+ protein secretion by the T3SS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein secretion by the type IV secretion system
+
+ Note that this term represents an activity and not a cellular structure. Consider also annotating to the cellular component term 'type IV protein secretion system complex ; GO:0043684'.
+ type IV protein secretion system
+ protein secretion by the type IV protein secretion system
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which nucleoprotein DNA conjugation intermediates or proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells, via the type IV protein secretion system.
+ protein secretion by the T4SS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type I protein secretion system complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A complex of three secretory proteins that carry out secretion in the type I secretion system: an inner membrane transport ATPase (termed ABC protein for ATP-binding cassette), which provides the energy for protein secretion; an outer membrane protein, which is exported via the sec pathway; and a membrane fusion protein, which is anchored in the inner membrane and spans the periplasmic space.
+ ABC translocator complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type III protein secretion system complex
+
+
+ TTSS complex
+ T3SS complex
+ A complex of approximately 20 proteins, most of which are located in the cytoplasmic membrane that carries out protein secretion in the bacterial type III secretion system; type III secretion also requires a cytoplasmic, probably membrane-associated ATPase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid modification
+
+ biological_process
+ The covalent alteration of one or more fatty acids in a lipid, resulting in a change in the properties of the lipid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid glycosylation
+
+ Covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a lipid molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry into host cell
+
+
+ The invasion by an organism of a cell of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Reactome:173107
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ host cell invasion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome condensation
+
+
+ The progressive compaction of dispersed interphase chromatin into threadlike chromosomes prior to mitotic or meiotic nuclear division, or during apoptosis, in eukaryotic cells.
+ GO:0000068
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptotic nuclear changes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by the nucleus during apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptotic chromosome condensation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Pyknosis
+ pyknosis
+ The compaction of chromatin during apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear fragmentation during apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The breakdown of the nucleus into small membrane-bounded compartments, or blebs, each of which contain compacted DNA.
+ apoptotic nuclear fragmentation
+ nucleus fragmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhodopsin mediated G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of light impinging on rhodopsin molecules in a photoreceptor cell, followed by the activation of phospholipase C and the subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate.
+ rhodopsin mediated G protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger
+ rhodopsin mediated G protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger
+ biological_process
+ rhodopsin mediated G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium
+
+
+ Protection of epithelial surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract from proteolytic and caustic digestive agents.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ossification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of bone formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
+ regulation of bone biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ossification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of ossification
+ down regulation of ossification
+ negative regulation of bone formation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
+ inhibition of ossification
+ downregulation of ossification
+ negative regulation of bone biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bone mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bone calcification
+ biological_process
+ The deposition of calcium phosphate in bone tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to synaptic vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a synaptic vesicle membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dynein complex
+
+ Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall-bounded periplasmic space
+
+ The region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall as found in organisms such as yeast and Gram positive bacteria. These periplasmic spaces are quite thin.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall bounded periplasmic space
+ cell wall-enclosed periplasmic space
+ periplasmic space (sensu Fungi)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer membrane-bounded periplasmic space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ periplasmic space (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ periplasmic space (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ outer membrane bounded periplasmic space
+ The region between the inner (cytoplasmic or plasma) membrane and outer membrane of organisms with two membranes such as Gram negative bacteria. These periplasmic spaces are relatively thick and contain a thin cell wall.
+ outer membrane-enclosed periplasmic space
+ Wikipedia:Periplasmic_space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein phosphatase 4 complex
+
+
+ The complex formed by the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4 plus a regulatory subunit.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intestinal cholesterol absorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the small intestine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of absorption of cholesterol into the blood, and the exclusion of other sterols from absorption.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxynucleotide transport
+
+ Transport of deoxynucleotides: a deoxyribonucleoside in ester linkage to phosphate, commonly at the 5' position of its deoxyribose moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth.
+ activation of cell growth
+ up regulation of cell growth
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of cell growth
+ up-regulation of cell growth
+ stimulation of cell growth
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of cell growth
+ down-regulation of cell growth
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation of cell growth
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth.
+ Reactome:110491
+ inhibition of cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ poly-N-acetyllactosamine metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.
+ poly-N-acetyllactosamine metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ poly-N-acetyllactosamine catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.
+ gosubset_prok
+ poly-N-acetyllactosamine degradation
+ biological_process
+ poly-N-acetyllactosamine catabolism
+ poly-N-acetyllactosamine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ poly-N-acetyllactosamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ poly-N-acetyllactosamine synthesis
+ poly-N-acetyllactosamine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ poly-N-acetyllactosamine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-N-acetyllactosamine, a carbohydrate composed of N-acetyllactosamine repeats (Gal-beta-1,4-GlcNAc-beta-1,3)n.
+ biological_process
+ poly-N-acetyllactosamine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ external encapsulating structure
+
+ goslim_generic
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_goa
+ goslim_plant
+ cellular_component
+ A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell envelope
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Cell_envelope
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_generic
+ Everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ junctional membrane complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Complex formed in muscle cells between the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and invaginations of the plasma membrane (T-tubules).
+ cellular_component
+ triad junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-tubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ transverse tubule
+ triad
+ Wikipedia:T-tubule
+ Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoclast differentiation
+
+ osteoclast cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a osteoclast cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm motility
+
+ Wikipedia:Sperm_motility
+ sperm movement
+ Any process involved in the controlled movement of a sperm cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanocyte differentiation
+
+ melanophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte.
+ melanocyte cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular di-, tri-valent inorganic anion homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of divalent or trivalent inorganic anions at the level of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular monovalent inorganic anion homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of monovalent inorganic anions at the level of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transepithelial chloride transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of chloride ions from one side of an epithelium to the other.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stabilization of membrane potential
+
+ The accomplishment of a non-fluctuating membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory tube development
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the respiratory tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The respiratory tube is assumed to mean any tube in the respiratory tract.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adrenal gland development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ interrenal gland
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic limb morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prenylated protein catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylated proteins.
+ prenylated protein catabolism
+ prenylated protein degradation
+ prenylated protein breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prenylcysteine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ prenylcysteine degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.
+ prenylcysteine breakdown
+ prenylcysteine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prenylcysteine metabolic process
+
+ prenylcysteine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+
+ p53-mediated DNA damage response
+ biological_process
+ GO:0006976
+ DNA damage response, activation of p53
+ A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of cell migration
+ up-regulation of cell migration
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of cell migration
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of cell migration
+ stimulation of cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of cell migration
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of cell migration
+ down-regulation of cell migration
+ downregulation of cell migration
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chorion-containing eggshell pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regionalization process that gives rise to the structural pattern of a chorion-containing eggshell such as those found in insects.
+ eggshell pattern formation (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm mitochondrion organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of sperm mitochondria; the process by which they take on their characteristic morphology; they are flattened, elongated, and arranged circumferentially into a tight helical coil around the tail-dense fibers of the mature sperm.
+ sperm mitochondrion organization and biogenesis
+ sperm mitochondria organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ sperm mitochondria organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoinositide metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphoinositides, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of inositol. They are important constituents of cell membranes.
+ phosphoinositide metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that possesses ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase activity.
+ Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function possessed by this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase activity ; GO:0030385'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
+ fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructosamine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ fructosamine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructosamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ fructosamine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ fructosamine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
+ fructosamine synthesis
+ fructosamine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructosamine catabolic process
+
+
+ fructosamine catabolism
+ fructosamine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fructosamine, a fructose molecule containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ fructosamine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructoselysine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ fructoselysine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoselysine, a fructose molecule containing a lysine moiety in place of a hydroxyl group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructoseglycine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ fructoseglycine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructoseglycine, a fructose molecule containing a glycine moiety in place of a hydroxyl group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane disassembly
+
+
+ membrane catabolism
+ biological_process
+ membrane degradation
+ membrane breakdown
+ The controlled breakdown of any cell membrane in the context of a normal process such as autophagy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisomal membrane disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisomal membrane breakdown
+ The controlled breakdown of the membranes of cargo-carrying vesicles formed during peroxisome degradation.
+ peroxisomal membrane degradation
+ peroxisomal membrane catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagic membrane disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagic membrane breakdown
+ The controlled breakdown of the membranes of autophagic vacuoles.
+ autophagic membrane catabolism
+ autophagic membrane degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylamine metabolic process
+
+ methylamine metabolism
+ methylammonium metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylamine (CH3NH2), a flammable, explosive gas, used in tanning and in organic synthesis and produced naturally in some decaying fish, certain plants, and crude methanol.
+ methylammonium metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotianamine metabolic process
+
+ nicotianamine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotianamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ nicotianamine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.
+ nicotianamine synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ nicotianamine anabolism
+ nicotianamine formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotianamine catabolic process
+
+
+ nicotianamine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ nicotianamine degradation
+ biological_process
+ nicotianamine breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nicotianamine, 2(S),3'2(S),3''(S)-N-(N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of competence for transformation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a naturally transformable bacterium acquires the ability to take up exogenous DNA. This term should be applied only to naturally transformable bacteria, and should not be used in the context of artificially induced bacterial transformation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defecation
+
+ biological_process
+ The expulsion of feces from the rectum.
+ Wikipedia:Defecation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA interference, production of siRNA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cleavage of double-stranded RNA to form small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) of 21-23 nucleotides.
+ biological_process
+ RNA interference, production of guide RNAs
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA interference, targeting of mRNA for destruction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which small interfering RNAs target cognate mRNA molecules for degradation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon
+
+ The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendrite
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Dendrite
+ A branching protoplasmic process of a neuron that receive and integrate signals coming from axons of other neurons, and convey the resulting signal to the body of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth cone
+
+ Wikipedia:Growth_cone
+ The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ site of polarized growth
+
+ goslim_yeast
+ site of polarized growth (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ GO:0030483
+ cellular_component
+ Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.
+ goslim_candida
+ site of polarized growth (sensu Fungi)
+ goslim_pir
+ GO:0000134
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell septum
+
+ septum
+ cellular_component
+ A structure composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials. It usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha and grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ cross wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell cytoplasm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The cytoplasm of a host cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sleep
+
+ diapause
+ lethargus
+ goslim_pir
+ Any process by which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.
+ Wikipedia:Sleep
+ biological_process
+ dormancy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peristalsis
+
+ A wavelike sequence of involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation that passes along a tubelike structure, such as the intestine, impelling the contents onwards.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Peristalsis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER-associated protein catabolic process
+
+
+ ER-associated protein catabolism
+ ER-associated protein degradation
+ endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolism
+ ER-associated protein breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of unfolded or misfolded proteins transported from the endoplasmic reticulum and targeted to cytoplasmic proteasomes for degradation.
+ ERAD
+ endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein catabolic process
+ See also the biological process terms 'unfolded protein response ; GO:0030968' and 'retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol ; GO:0030970'.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+ Note that the synonym 'spore differentiation', like the term name and definition, refers to differentiation into a spore rather than any subsequent developmental changes that a spore may undergo.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Sporogenesis
+ spore biosynthesis
+ The process by which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cellular spore, a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
+ spore formation
+ goslim_yeast
+ spore differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asexual sporulation
+
+
+ mitotic spore formation
+ The formation of spores derived from the products of mitosis.
+ asexual spore formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ spore formation (sensu Bacteria)
+ sporulation (sensu Bacteria)
+ mitotic sporulation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore formation
+
+
+ sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ ascospore biosynthesis
+ The process by which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire the specialized features of ascospores. Ascospores are generally found in clusters of four or eight spores within a single mother cell, the ascus, and are characteristic of the ascomycete fungi (phylum Ascomycota).
+ GO:0007151
+ sporulation (sensu Fungi)
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pombe
+ spore formation (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ yeast-form cell wall
+
+ cellular_component
+ The wall surrounding a cell of a dimorphic fungus growing in the single-cell budding yeast form, in contrast to the filamentous or hyphal form.
+ See also the Fungal Anatomy Ontology term 'vegetative cell ; FAO:0000032'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyphal cell wall
+
+ cellular_component
+ The cell wall surrounding a fungal hypha.
+ See also the Fungal Anatomy Ontology term 'hypha ; FAO:0001001'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ filamentous growth
+
+ goslim_candida
+ The process by which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyphal growth
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_candida
+ Growth of fungi as threadlike, tubular structures that may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa, or cross-walls.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of complement activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the classical pathway of complement activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the alternative pathway of complement activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette
+
+ chromatin silencing at HML and HMR (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ aging-dependent sterility (sensu Fungi)
+ GO:0006347
+ biological_process
+ heterochromatic silencing at silent mating-type cassette
+ Repression of transcription at silent mating-type loci by altering the structure of chromatin.
+ chromatin silencing at silent mating-type cassette (sensu Fungi)
+ aging-dependent sterility (sensu Saccharomyces)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic spindle organization in nucleus
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the microtubule spindle in the nucleus during a mitotic cell cycle, as seen in Fungi.
+ mitotic spindle assembly (sensu Fungi)
+ mitotic spindle organisation and biogenesis in nucleus
+ mitotic spindle assembly (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ GO:0000071
+ mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis in nucleus
+ mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis in cell nucleus
+ spindle organization and biogenesis in nucleus during mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear migration along microtubule
+
+
+ microtubule-dependent nuclear positioning
+ nuclear movement, microtubule-mediated
+ transport of nucleus by microtubules
+ microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nuclear positioning
+ nucleus migration (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ nuclear migration (sensu Fungi)
+ transport of nucleus, microtubule-mediated
+ GO:0000065
+ nuclear migration, microtubule-mediated
+ The directed movement of the nucleus along microtubules within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.
+ nucleus migration (sensu Fungi)
+ microtubule cytoskeleton-dependent nucleus positioning
+ biological_process
+ microtubule-dependent nucleus positioning
+ nuclear migration (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ microtubule-mediated nuclear migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole body duplication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole body formation
+ spindle pole body assembly
+ biological_process
+ spindle pole body biogenesis
+ spindle pole body replication
+ spindle pole body duplication (sensu Fungi)
+ spindle pole body biosynthesis
+ Construction of a new spindle pole body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0007152
+ biological_process
+ spore wall assembly (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ The process by which the ascospore nucleus becomes surrounded by a specialized spore wall. Occurs by deposition of spore wall components in the lumenal space between the outer and inner leaflets of the prospore membrane.
+ spore wall assembly (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin cap
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin cap (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ GO:0000143
+ Polarized accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (including F-actin) and regulatory proteins in a cell.
+ cellular_component
+ actin cap (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin cortical patch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin cortical patch (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ actin patch
+ GO:0005857
+ cellular_component
+ A discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells, at sites of endocytosis; formed of networks of branched actin filaments that lie just beneath the plasma membrane and assemble, move, and disassemble rapidly. As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
+ actin cortical patch (sensu Fungi)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle contractile fiber
+
+
+ smooth muscle fibre
+ cellular_component
+ The contractile fiber of smooth muscle cells.
+ smooth muscle fiber
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle dense body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Electron-dense region associated with a smooth muscle contractile fiber.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA methylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in a tRNA molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of SSU-rRNA
+
+ processing of 20S pre-rRNA
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maturation of a precursor Small SubUnit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecule into a mature SSU-rRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heteroduplex formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.
+ Reactome:76007
+ Reactome:76008
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bacteriochlorophyll metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ bacteriochlorophyll metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ bacteriochlorophyll synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
+ bacteriochlorophyll formation
+ bacteriochlorophyll anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bacteriochlorophyll catabolic process
+
+
+ bacteriochlorophyll catabolism
+ bacteriochlorophyll degradation
+ biological_process
+ bacteriochlorophyll breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bacteriochlorophyll, any of the chlorophylls of photosynthetic bacteria. They differ structurally from the chlorophylls of higher plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ midbody
+
+ A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.
+ Wikipedia:Midbody_(cell_biology)
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid elongation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The elongation of a fatty acid chain by the sequential addition of two-carbon units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of bone mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of bone mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of bone mineralization
+ biological_process
+ activation of bone mineralization
+ up regulation of bone mineralization
+ up-regulation of bone mineralization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
+ upregulation of bone mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of bone mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of bone mineralization
+ downregulation of bone mineralization
+ down-regulation of bone mineralization
+ down regulation of bone mineralization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inorganic diphosphate transport
+
+ inorganic pyrophosphate transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of inorganic diphosphate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BMP signaling pathway
+
+ BMP signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway
+ bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway
+ BMP receptor signaling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of BMP signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of BMP signalling pathway
+ regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any BMP receptor signaling pathway.
+ regulation of BMP receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ up regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+ stimulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway
+ activation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+ Reactome:235817
+ Reactome:218684
+ inhibition of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.
+ Reactome:211004
+ negative regulation of TGFbeta receptor signaling pathway
+ down regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+ Reactome:209023
+ negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway
+ Reactome:173481
+ Reactome:237538
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:220848
+ Reactome:173512
+ down-regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of BMP signaling pathway
+ activation of BMP signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway
+ stimulation of BMP signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of BMP signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.
+ upregulation of BMP signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of BMP receptor signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of BMP signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of BMP receptor signaling pathway
+ downregulation of BMP signaling pathway
+ inhibition of BMP signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway
+ down regulation of BMP signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.
+ down-regulation of BMP signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of BMP signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of axon extension
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of axon extension
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of axon extension
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of axon extension
+ downregulation of axon extension
+ inhibition of axon extension
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon outgrowth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
+
+ steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a steroid hormone binding to its receptor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ estrogen receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an estrogen binding to its receptor.
+ estrogen receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ androgen receptor signaling pathway
+
+ androgen receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ intracellular receptor-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals initiated by a ligand entering the target cell, where it binds to an intracellular receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The heterodimeric receptor for granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoprotein complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Ribonucleoprotein
+ protein-RNA complex
+ cellular_component
+ RNP
+ RNA-protein complex
+ ribonucleoprotein
+ goslim_pir
+ A macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex
+
+
+ hnRNP
+ cellular_component
+ Particulate complex of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA; a heterogeneous mixture of RNA molecules of high Mr with a rapid turnover rate that occurs in cell nuclei during protein synthesis; it is the form of RNA synthesized in eukaryotes by RNA polymerase II, that which is translated into protein) with protein, which is cell-specific and heterogeneous. The protein component may play a role in the processing of the hnRNA to mRNA.
+ Wikipedia:Heterogeneous_ribonucleoprotein_particle
+ heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ small cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complex
+
+
+ scRNP
+ A complex composed of RNA of the small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA) class and protein, found in the cytoplasm.
+ cellular_component
+ small cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex
+
+
+ A complex composed of RNA of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) class and protein, found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. These are typically named after the snRNA(s) they contain, e.g. U1 snRNP or U4/U6 snRNP. Many, but not all, of these complexes are involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ snRNP
+ Wikipedia:SnRNP
+ small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult behavior
+
+
+ adult behavior (sensu Insecta)
+ Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
+ adult behavioral response to stimulus
+ adult behavioural response to stimulus
+ biological_process
+ adult behaviour
+ See also the biological process term 'behavior ; GO:0007610'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval feeding behavior
+
+
+ Feeding behavior in a larval (immature) organism.
+ biological_process
+ larval feeding behavior (sensu Insecta)
+ See also the biological process term 'feeding behavior ; GO:0007631'.
+ larval feeding behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval behavior
+
+
+ larval behavior (sensu Drosophila)
+ larval behavior (sensu Insecta)
+ larval behaviour
+ GO:0017037
+ biological_process
+ See also the biological process term 'behavior ; GO:0007610'.
+ Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic genitalia morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+ embryonic genital morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male genitalia development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male genital development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female genitalia development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female genital development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmid partitioning
+
+ GO:0030542
+ Any process by which plasmids are segregated or distributed into daughter cells upon cell division.
+ plasmid partitioning (sensu Bacteria)
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-micrometer plasmid partitioning
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which copies of the 2-micrometer plasmid, found in fungi such as Saccharomyces, are distributed to daughter cells upon cell division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bile acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation pathway
+ MetaCyc:7ALPHADEHYDROX-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bile acids, any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile.
+ bile acid breakdown
+ GO:0019613
+ cholate catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ bile acid degradation
+ bile acid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen catabolic process
+
+
+ The proteolytic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix, usually carried out by proteases secreted by nearby cells.
+ collagen breakdown
+ collagen degradation
+ biological_process
+ collagen catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear body organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of any of the extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
+ nuclear body organisation and biogenesis
+ nuclear body organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cajal body organization
+
+ Cajal body organization and biogenesis
+ Cajal body organisation and biogenesis
+ See also the cellular component term 'Cajal body ; GO:0015030'.
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Cajal bodies, nuclear bodies that appear ultrastructurally as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter and are enriched in ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lands organization
+
+ Lands organisation and biogenesis
+ See also the cellular component term 'Lands ; GO:0016606'.
+ biological_process
+ Lands organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of Lands, a class of nuclear body that react against SP140 auto-antibodies.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PML body organization
+
+ biological_process
+ See also the cellular component term 'PML body ; GO:0016605'.
+ PML body organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia).
+ PML body organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of SMAD signaling proteins by ubiquitination and targeting to the proteasome.
+ ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein breakdown
+ ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein degradation
+ ubiquitin-dependent SMAD protein catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular protein transport in host
+
+
+ host cell protein transport
+ The directed movement of a symbiont's proteins within a cell of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fruiting body development
+
+ biological_process
+ fruiting body formation
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A fruiting body is a multicellular structure that contains spores.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fruiting body development in cellular response to starvation
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins when cells respond to a lack of nutrients in the environment and ends when the fruiting body is a mature structure.
+ gosubset_prok
+ fruiting body formation (sensu Bacteria)
+ biological_process
+ For example, as seen in myxobacterium and Dictyostelium.
+ fruiting body development (sensu Bacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporocarp development
+
+
+ fruiting body formation (sensu Fungi)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sporocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sporocarp is a spore bearing fruiting body organ.
+ fruiting body development (sensu Fungi)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorocarp development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fruiting body development (sensu Dictyosteliida)
+ sorocarp formation
+ biological_process
+ sorocarp biosynthesis
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with the aggregation of individual cells and ends with the mature sorocarp. The sorocarp is a structure containing a spore-bearing sorus that sits on top of a stalk.
+ fruiting body formation (sensu Dictyosteliida)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudocleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Partial constriction of the cytoplasm of an embryo to form a furrow that resembles a cleavage furrow but does not complete cytokinesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudocleavage during syncytial blastoderm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudocleavage (sensu Insecta)
+ Formation of furrows in the cytoplasm between nuclei during cell cycles in embryos in the syncytial blastoderm stage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudocleavage during first cell cycle
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that occurs during the first cell cycle in an embryo, in which anterior cortical contractions culminate in a single partial constriction of the embryo called the pseudocleavage furrow.
+ pseudocleavage (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA ADP-ribosylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The covalent attachment of an ADP-ribosyl moiety to the amino group at N2 of a 2'-deoxyguanosine residue in double-stranded DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil chemotaxis
+
+ The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte chemotaxis
+
+
+ immune cell chemotaxis
+ The movement of a leukocyte in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ leucocyte chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine methylamine methyltransferase cofactor adduct incorporation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of a lysine methylamine methyltransferase cofactor adduct into a peptide; uses a special tRNA that recognizes the UAG codon as a modified lysine, rather than as a termination codon. The lysine methylamine methyltransferase cofactor adduct is synthesized from a lysine charged tRNA before its incorporation; it is not a posttranslational modification of peptidyl-lysine; this modification is found in several Methanosarcina methylamine methyltransferases.
+ RESID:AA0321
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-alanine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-alanine biosynthesis
+ D-alanine synthesis
+ D-alanine anabolism
+ D-alanine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-alanine family amino acid catabolic process
+
+
+ D-alanine family amino acid degradation
+ D-alanine family amino acid catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-alanine and related amino acids.
+ D-alanine family amino acid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbon fixation by acetyl-CoA pathway
+
+
+ Ljungdahl-Wood pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ A pathway of carbon dioxide fixation in which one molecule of acetyl-CoA is completely synthesized from two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetate derivative metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving derivatives of acetic acid.
+ acetate derivative metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetate derivative biosynthetic process
+
+
+ acetate derivative synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of derivatives of acetic acid.
+ acetate derivative formation
+ acetate derivative biosynthesis
+ acetate derivative anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetate derivative catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of derivatives of acetic acid.
+ acetate derivative degradation
+ acetate derivative breakdown
+ acetate derivative catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyketide metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty-acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyketide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyketide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyketide formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty-acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.
+ polyketide synthesis
+ polyketide anabolism
+ polyketide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyketide catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyketide breakdown
+ biological_process
+ polyketide catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones, which are themselves formed by repetitive head-to-tail addition of acetyl (or substituted acetyl) units indirectly derived from acetate (or a substituted acetate) by a mechanism similar to that for fatty-acid biosynthesis but without the intermediate reductive steps.
+ polyketide degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular pH
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular hydrogen ion homeostasis
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of hydrogen ions (protons) within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
+ proton homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular sulfate ion homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of sulfate ions at the level of a cell.
+ biological_process
+ sulphate ion homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular phosphate ion homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of phosphate ions at the level of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular chloride ion homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of chloride ions at the level of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose catabolic process to butyrate
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glucose fermentation to butyrate
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucose, with the production of acetic acid, butyric acid, carbon dioxide (CO2), and dihydrogen; effected by some saccharolytic species of Clostridium, e.g. C. butyricum.
+ butyrate fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aminoglycoside antibiotic metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.
+ biological_process
+ aminoglycoside antibiotic metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aminoglycoside antibiotic biosynthetic process
+
+
+ aminoglycoside antibiotic formation
+ biological_process
+ aminoglycoside antibiotic synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ aminoglycoside antibiotic biosynthesis
+ aminoglycoside antibiotic anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aminoglycoside antibiotic catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ aminoglycoside antibiotic degradation
+ aminoglycoside antibiotic catabolism
+ aminoglycoside antibiotic breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, any member of a group of broad spectrum antibiotics, of similar toxicity and pharmacology, that contain an aminodeoxysugar, an amino- or guanidino-substituted inositol ring, and one or more residues of other sugars. The group includes streptomycin, neomycin, framycetin, kanamycin, paromomycin, and gentamicin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide antibiotic metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides with antibiotic activity.
+ peptide antibiotic metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide antibiotic biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptide antibiotic biosynthesis
+ peptide antibiotic synthesis
+ peptide antibiotic anabolism
+ peptide antibiotic formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides with antibiotic activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide antibiotic catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides with antibiotic activity.
+ peptide antibiotic degradation
+ peptide antibiotic breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptide antibiotic catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-lactam antibiotic metabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ beta-lactam antibiotic metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ beta-lactam antibiotic synthesis
+ beta-lactam antibiotic anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.
+ beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthesis
+ beta-lactam antibiotic formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-lactam antibiotic catabolic process
+
+
+ beta-lactam antibiotic catabolism
+ beta-lactam antibiotic breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ beta-lactam antibiotic degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a beta-lactam antibiotic, any member of a class of natural or semisynthetic antibiotics whose characteristic feature is a strained, four-membered beta-lactam ring. They include the penicillins and many of the cephalosporins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vitamin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vitamin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transport vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretory vesicle membrane
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi-associated vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus.
+ Golgi vesicle membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a chitosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coated vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ COPI coated vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a COPI-coated vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin coated vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endocytic vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretory granule membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule.
+ secretory vesicle membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ merozoite dense granule membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ dense granule membrane (sensu Apicomplexa)
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense granule of the type found in apicomplexan parasites.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocytic vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagocytic vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axolemma
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness.
+ Wikipedia:Axolemma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonuclease P complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ RNase P complex
+ A ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes cleavage of the leader sequence of precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs), generating the mature 5' end of tRNAs.
+ goslim_pir
+ Note that chloroplasts possess a complex that is called 'RNase P' because it catalyzes pre-tRNA cleavage, but the chloroplast complex appears not to contain RNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ mitochondrial RNase P complex
+ A ribonuclease P complex located in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The subunit composition of mitochondrial ribonuclease P complexes varies between species, but the complex often contains a single RNA molecule and a single protein molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanelle ribonuclease P complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ cyanelle RNase P complex
+ A ribonuclease P complex located in the cyanelle, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The best characterized cyanelle ribonuclease P complex, from the alga Cyanophora paradoxa, contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dimeric ribonuclease P complex
+
+ RNase P complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ dimeric RNase P complex
+ A ribonuclease P complex that contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary and usually sufficient for catalysis, and a single protein molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+ ribonuclease P complex (sensu Bacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multimeric ribonuclease P complex
+
+ A ribonuclease P complex that generally contains a single RNA molecule and several protein molecules.
+ ribonuclease P complex (sensu Archaea
+ cellular_component
+ multimeric RNase P complex
+ RNase P complex (sensu Archaea)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance of host defense response
+
+
+ evasion of host defence response
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense response. The host defense response is mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion by virus of host immune response
+
+
+ Reactome:168896
+ Reactome:168888
+ Reactome:168305
+ Reactome:169131
+ Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus avoids the effects of the host organism's immune response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Reactome:168891
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ preribosome
+
+ Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed during ribosome biogenesis.
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolar preribosome
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed in the nucleolus during ribosome biogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 90S preribosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ A large ribonucleoprotein complex considered to be the earliest preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 90S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ preribosome, large subunit precursor
+
+ 66S preribosome
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this complex is 66S in Saccharomyces.
+ A preribosomal complex consisting of 27SA, 27SB, and/or 7S pre-rRNA, 5S rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating large subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic large ribosomal subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ preribosome, small subunit precursor
+
+ Note that this complex is 43S in Saccharomyces.
+ cellular_component
+ 43S preribosome
+ A preribosomal complex consisting of 20S pre-rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating small subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic small ribosomal subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Noc complex
+
+
+ Note that the definition uses Saccharomyces gene product names because this complex has only been described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and no other names have yet arisen; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the definition can be changed if better wording is found.
+ Any of several heterodimers containing one or two Noc proteins, associated with preribosomal complexes; involved in ribosome biogenesis.
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Noc1p-Noc2p complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the term name uses Saccharomyces gene product names because no other names have yet arisen for this complex; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the name can be changed if better wording is found.
+ A heterodimer associated with 90S and 66S preribosomes in the nucleolus; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Noc2p-Noc3p complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A heterodimer associated with 66S preribosomes; also found throughout the nucleoplasm; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the term name uses Saccharomyces gene product names because no other names have yet arisen for this complex; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the name can be changed if better wording is found.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Noc4p-Nop14p complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the term name uses Saccharomyces gene product names because no other names have yet arisen for this complex; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the name can be changed if better wording is found.
+ A heterodimer associated with precursors of the eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit, including the 90S preribosome; involved in small subunit biogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum basal body, rod
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellar basal body, rod
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ The central portion of the flagellar basal body, which spans the periplasm and threads through the rings.
+ flagellar basal body, rod (sensu Bacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine reductase complex
+
+
+ Complex that possesses glycine reductase activity; usually comprises three subunits, of which two are selenoproteins; the subunits are typically designated selenoprotein A, selenoprotein B and protein C.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function possessed by this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'glycine reductase activity ; GO:0030699'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin silencing at centromere
+
+ biological_process
+ heterochromatic silencing at centromere
+ Repression of transcription of centromeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eggshell formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Construction of the eggshell, a product of the somatic follicle cell epithelium and a structure that supports the egg in a hostile environment, minimizing water loss whilst allowing gas exchanges essential for embryonic respiration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitelline membrane formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Construction of the vitelline membrane portion of the egg shell, a rigid structure required to maintain the shape of the egg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoskeleton-dependent intracellular transport
+
+ The directed movement of substances along cytoskeletal elements such as microfilaments or microtubules within a cell.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germarium-derived oocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte differentiation (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte cell differentiation (sensu Insecta)
+ The process whereby one relatively unspecialized immature cystocyte of the germ-line cyst in the germarium acquires the specialized features of an oocyte.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian follicle cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ovarian follicle cell development (sensu Insecta)
+ The process that occurs during oogenesis involving the ovarian follicle cells, somatic cells which surround the germ cells of an ovary.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germarium-derived female germ-line cyst encapsulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ-line cyst encapsulation (sensu Insecta)
+ Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the germarium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ border follicle cell delamination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The splitting off of border cells from the anterior epithelium, prior to border cell migration.
+ border cell delamination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of border follicle cell delamination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that regulates the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of border cell delamination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of border follicle cell delamination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of border cell delamination
+ upregulation of border follicle cell delamination
+ activation of border follicle cell delamination
+ stimulation of border follicle cell delamination
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.
+ up regulation of border follicle cell delamination
+ up-regulation of border follicle cell delamination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of border follicle cell delamination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of border follicle cell delamination
+ down regulation of border follicle cell delamination
+ down-regulation of border follicle cell delamination
+ negative regulation of border cell delamination
+ downregulation of border follicle cell delamination
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of border cell delamination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian follicle cell stalk formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stalk formation (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ Development of ovarian follicle cells to create the interfollicular stalks that connect the egg chambers of progressive developmental stages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior/posterior axis specification, follicular epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Polarization of the follicle cells of an insect ovary along the anterior/posterior axis.
+ anterior/posterior axis determination, follicular epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte growth in germarium-derived egg chamber
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ oocyte growth (sensu Insecta)
+ The increase in volume of an oocyte during the growth phase of the egg chamber, once the egg chamber has left the germarium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte fate determination
+
+ oocyte cell fate determination
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an oocyte cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ karyosome formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Condensation of DNA in the oocyte nucleus into a compact spherical structure called the karyosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ-line stem cell maintenance
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in preventing uncommitted germ-line stem cells from differentiating as another cell type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ P granule organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048114
+ biological_process
+ P granule organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of polar granules, cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
+ polar granule organisation and biogenesis
+ polar granule organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte localization during germarium-derived egg chamber formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment and maintenance of oocyte position during oogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Directed movement of the oocyte, following its specification, from its original central position in the cyst to a posterior position relative to the nurse cells of the egg chamber, and its maintenance in this posterior location. This is the first sign of anterior-posterior asymmetry in the developing egg chamber.
+ oogenesis, oocyte localization
+ oocyte positioning during oogenesis
+ oogenesis, establishment and maintenance of oocyte localization
+ establishment and maintenance of oocyte localization in egg chamber
+ oocyte localization during oogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spectrosome organization
+
+ spectrosome organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ spectrosome organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spectrosome, a germline specific spherical organelle that is the precursor to the fusome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte axis determination, establishment of position of nucleus
+ establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsoventral axis specification
+ biological_process
+ establishment of localization of oocyte nucleus during oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte axis determination, establishment of oocyte nucleus localization
+ oocyte axis determination, establishment of position of nucleus (sensu Insecta)
+ GO:0048126
+ oocyte axis determination, establishment of localization of nucleus (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte axis determination, positioning of nucleus
+ oocyte axis determination, establishment of localization of nucleus
+ establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination
+ oocyte axis determination, positioning of nucleus (sensu Insecta)
+ establishment of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination
+ establishment of localization of oocyte nucleus during oocyte axis determination
+ The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte. In the insect oocyte, for example, the nucleus is repositioned to a dorso-anterior position.
+ oocyte axis determination, establishment of oocyte nucleus localization (sensu Insecta)
+ nucleus positioning in oocyte during oocyte axis determination
+ oocyte nucleus positioning during oocyte axis determination
+ establishment of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ establishment of oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal-ventral axis specification
+ nucleus positioning in oocyte during oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte nucleus positioning during oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovarian fusome organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of ovarian cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome. It anchors the mitotic spindle pole to provide orientation during cystoblast cell divisions.
+ ovarian fusome organisation and biogenesis
+ ovarian fusome organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ testicular fusome organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ testicular fusome organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome of testicular cells, an organelle derived from the spectrosome.
+ testicular fusome organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ring canal formation
+
+ biological_process
+ Assembly of the cytoplasmic bridges between developing spermatogonial or oogonial cysts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ testicular ring canal formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of the intercellular bridges that connect the germ-line cells of a male cyst.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ-line cyst formation (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ Formation of a cluster of germ-line cells, in the germarium, derived from a single founder cell (cystoblast).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Ovulation
+ The release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sequestering of triglyceride
+
+
+ sequestration of triacylglycerol
+ The process of binding or confining any triester of glycerol such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
+ storage of triacylglycerol
+ triacylglycerol sequestration
+ biological_process
+ triglyceride sequestering
+ retention of triglyceride
+ storage of triglyceride
+ triacylglycerol storage
+ triglyceride retention
+ triacylglycerol retention
+ triglyceride sequestration
+ sequestration of triglyceride
+ retention of triacylglycerol
+ triacylglycerol sequestering
+ triglyceride storage
+ sequestering of triacylglycerol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.
+ down-regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+ inhibition of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+ activation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+ stimulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+ up regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+ upregulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthesis
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide anabolism
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide formation
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide formation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthesis
+ downregulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide synthesis
+ inhibition of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide synthesis
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide formation
+ upregulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide anabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclic nucleotides.
+ up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthesis
+ activation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides.
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide degradation
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide breakdown
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolism
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide degradation
+ down regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+ down-regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+ inhibition of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic nucleotides.
+ up regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+ stimulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+ activation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide degradation
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide breakdown
+ up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolic process
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleotide formation
+ regulation of nucleotide synthesis
+ regulation of nucleotide biosynthesis
+ regulation of nucleotide anabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.
+ negative regulation of nucleotide anabolism
+ negative regulation of nucleotide synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of nucleotide formation
+ negative regulation of nucleotide biosynthesis
+ inhibition of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleotide formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleotides.
+ stimulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of nucleotide anabolism
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ activation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of nucleotide biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of nucleotide synthesis
+ upregulation of nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleotide breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
+ regulation of nucleotide catabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of nucleotide degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleotide degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of nucleotide catabolic process
+ negative regulation of nucleotide catabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
+ down regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
+ downregulation of nucleotide catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of nucleotide breakdown
+ down-regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleotide degradation
+ activation of nucleotide catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of nucleotide catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
+ up regulation of nucleotide catabolic process
+ positive regulation of nucleotide breakdown
+ positive regulation of nucleotide catabolism
+ stimulation of nucleotide catabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleotides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cAMP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of 3',5' cAMP metabolic process
+ regulation of cyclic AMP metabolism
+ regulation of cAMP metabolism
+ regulation of 3',5'-cAMP metabolism
+ regulation of cyclic AMP metabolic process
+ regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate metabolic process
+ regulation of 3',5' cAMP metabolism
+ regulation of 3',5'-cAMP metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cAMP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of cAMP metabolic process
+ negative regulation of 3',5'-cAMP metabolic process
+ negative regulation of 3',5'-cAMP metabolism
+ negative regulation of cyclic AMP metabolic process
+ down regulation of cAMP metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ inhibition of cAMP metabolic process
+ negative regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate metabolism
+ negative regulation of cAMP metabolism
+ negative regulation of cyclic AMP metabolism
+ negative regulation of 3',5' cAMP metabolism
+ negative regulation of 3',5' cAMP metabolic process
+ down-regulation of cAMP metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cAMP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate metabolism
+ positive regulation of 3',5' cAMP metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate metabolic process
+ stimulation of cAMP metabolic process
+ upregulation of cAMP metabolic process
+ positive regulation of 3',5' cAMP metabolism
+ positive regulation of cAMP metabolism
+ up regulation of cAMP metabolic process
+ positive regulation of cyclic AMP metabolism
+ positive regulation of 3',5'-cAMP metabolism
+ up-regulation of cAMP metabolic process
+ positive regulation of 3',5'-cAMP metabolic process
+ positive regulation of cyclic AMP metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ activation of cAMP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cyclic AMP biosynthetic process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate biosynthesis
+ regulation of cyclic AMP biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of cAMP synthesis
+ regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ regulation of 3',5' cAMP biosynthesis
+ regulation of 3',5'-cAMP biosynthetic process
+ regulation of 3',5' cAMP biosynthetic process
+ regulation of cAMP anabolism
+ regulation of 3',5'-cAMP biosynthesis
+ regulation of cAMP formation
+ regulation of cAMP biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cAMP anabolism
+ negative regulation of 3',5'-cAMP biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of cAMP formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ downregulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of cAMP synthesis
+ negative regulation of cyclic AMP biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of 3',5'-cAMP biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of 3',5' cAMP biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cAMP biosynthesis
+ inhibition of cAMP biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of 3',5' cAMP biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of cyclic AMP biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of 3',5'-cAMP biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of cAMP synthesis
+ up regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of 3',5' cAMP biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of cAMP formation
+ positive regulation of cAMP anabolism
+ activation of cAMP biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ positive regulation of 3',5'-cAMP biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of cyclic AMP biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of cAMP biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of cyclic AMP biosynthesis
+ upregulation of cAMP biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of 3',5' cAMP biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cAMP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ regulation of 3',5'-cAMP catabolic process
+ regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate catabolism
+ regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate catabolic process
+ regulation of cAMP degradation
+ regulation of 3',5'-cAMP catabolism
+ regulation of cAMP breakdown
+ regulation of cyclic AMP catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of cyclic AMP catabolic process
+ regulation of 3',5' cAMP catabolism
+ regulation of cAMP catabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of 3',5' cAMP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cAMP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of cAMP catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of cAMP catabolic process
+ negative regulation of cAMP catabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ negative regulation of cyclic AMP catabolism
+ down-regulation of cAMP catabolic process
+ negative regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of cAMP breakdown
+ negative regulation of cyclic AMP catabolic process
+ negative regulation of 3',5' cAMP catabolism
+ negative regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate catabolism
+ negative regulation of cAMP degradation
+ inhibition of cAMP catabolic process
+ negative regulation of 3',5'-cAMP catabolic process
+ negative regulation of 3',5' cAMP catabolic process
+ negative regulation of 3',5'-cAMP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cAMP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of 3',5' cAMP catabolism
+ positive regulation of 3',5'-cAMP catabolism
+ positive regulation of cyclic AMP catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of 3',5' cAMP catabolic process
+ up-regulation of cAMP catabolic process
+ positive regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate catabolism
+ positive regulation of cAMP catabolism
+ positive regulation of 3',5'-cAMP catabolic process
+ positive regulation of cAMP degradation
+ upregulation of cAMP catabolic process
+ stimulation of cAMP catabolic process
+ positive regulation of cAMP breakdown
+ activation of cAMP catabolic process
+ positive regulation of cyclic AMP catabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ up regulation of cAMP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cGMP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cGMP metabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cGMP.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cGMP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of cGMP metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cGMP metabolic process
+ negative regulation of cGMP metabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cGMP.
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of cGMP metabolic process
+ downregulation of cGMP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cGMP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cGMP metabolism
+ up-regulation of cGMP metabolic process
+ stimulation of cGMP metabolic process
+ upregulation of cGMP metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cGMP.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ activation of cGMP metabolic process
+ up regulation of cGMP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP.
+ regulation of cGMP anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of cGMP synthesis
+ regulation of cGMP formation
+ regulation of cGMP biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cGMP formation
+ negative regulation of cGMP biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of cGMP synthesis
+ downregulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of cGMP anabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP.
+ down regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of cGMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of cGMP anabolism
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of cGMP biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of cGMP biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cGMP.
+ positive regulation of cGMP biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of cGMP formation
+ positive regulation of cGMP synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cGMP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cGMP breakdown
+ regulation of cGMP degradation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cGMP.
+ regulation of cGMP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cGMP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cGMP breakdown
+ negative regulation of cGMP catabolism
+ negative regulation of cGMP degradation
+ down regulation of cGMP catabolic process
+ down-regulation of cGMP catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cGMP.
+ downregulation of cGMP catabolic process
+ inhibition of cGMP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cGMP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cGMP degradation
+ up-regulation of cGMP catabolic process
+ positive regulation of cGMP breakdown
+ stimulation of cGMP catabolic process
+ positive regulation of cGMP catabolism
+ up regulation of cGMP catabolic process
+ activation of cGMP catabolic process
+ upregulation of cGMP catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cGMP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin filament length
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that the syntax of the definition of the this term is different from the usual regulation syntax because it describes regulation of a trait rather than regulation of a process.
+ Any process that controls the length of actin filaments in a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin filament polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of actin polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin filament depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin depolymerization
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of actin filaments by the removal of actin monomers from a filament.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of actin filament depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of actin filament depolymerization
+ down-regulation of actin filament depolymerization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization.
+ GO:0030044
+ down regulation of actin filament depolymerization
+ negative regulation of actin depolymerization
+ negative regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization
+ downregulation of actin filament depolymerization
+ This term was split from 'negative regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization ; GO:0045757' (sibling term 'negative regulation of actin polymerization ; GO:0030837').
+ actin filament stabilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of actin filament depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin depolymerization.
+ This term was split from 'positive regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization ; GO:0045758' (sibling term 'positive regulation of actin polymerization ; GO:0030838').
+ stimulation of actin filament depolymerization
+ actin filament destabilization
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of actin depolymerization
+ upregulation of actin filament depolymerization
+ GO:0030045
+ up-regulation of actin filament depolymerization
+ positive regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization
+ up regulation of actin filament depolymerization
+ activation of actin filament depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of actin filament polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of actin filament polymerization
+ downregulation of actin filament polymerization
+ negative regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of actin filament polymerization
+ negative regulation of actin polymerization
+ This term was split from 'negative regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization ; GO:0045757' (sibling term 'negative regulation of actin depolymerization ; GO:0030835').
+ down regulation of actin filament polymerization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of actin filament polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization
+ up-regulation of actin filament polymerization
+ activation of actin filament polymerization
+ stimulation of actin filament polymerization
+ upregulation of actin filament polymerization
+ positive regulation of actin polymerization
+ This term was split from 'positive regulation of actin polymerization and/or depolymerization ; GO:0045758' (sibling term 'positive regulation of actin depolymerization ; GO:0030836').
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.
+ up regulation of actin filament polymerization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of monomers to a filament.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization.
+ down-regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
+ inhibition of intermediate filament polymerization
+ negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization
+ down regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
+ downregulation of intermediate filament polymerization
+ This term was split from 'negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization ; GO:0045825' (sibling term 'negative regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization ; GO:0030843').
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
+ This term was split from 'positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization ; GO:0045826' (sibling term 'positive regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization ; GO:0030844').
+ stimulation of intermediate filament polymerization
+ activation of intermediate filament polymerization
+ positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization
+ upregulation of intermediate filament polymerization
+ up-regulation of intermediate filament polymerization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament polymerization.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of intermediate filaments by the removal of monomers from a filament.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of intermediate filament depolymerization
+ down regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
+ down-regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
+ negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization
+ downregulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization.
+ biological_process
+ This term was split from 'negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization ; GO:0045825' (sibling term 'negative regulation of intermediate filament polymerization ; GO:0030840').
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate filament depolymerization.
+ This term was split from 'positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization ; GO:0045826' (sibling term 'positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization ; GO:0030841').
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
+ upregulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
+ positive regulation of intermediate filament polymerization and/or depolymerization
+ activation of intermediate filament depolymerization
+ up-regulation of intermediate filament depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of phospholipase C activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipase C inhibition
+ A signaling pathway that results in preventing the activation of phospholipase C in response to a signal.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term refers to a signaling pathway, and should not be confused with function terms such as 'phospholipase inhibitor activity ; GO:0004859'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-coupled
+
+ transcription termination from Pol II promoter, poly(A) coupled
+ The process by which transcription of polyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; cleavage and polyadenylylation of the mRNA 3' end is coupled to transcription termination.
+ biological_process
+ transcription termination from Pol II promoter, RNA polymerase(A) coupled
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ termination of RNA polymerase II transcription, poly(A)-independent
+
+ transcription termination from Pol II promoter, RNA polymerase(A)-independent
+ transcription termination from Pol II promoter, poly(A)-independent
+ The process by which transcription of nonpolyadenylated RNA polymerase II transcripts is terminated; coupled to the maturation of the RNA 3'-end.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autosome
+
+ Note that this term is mainly relevant in organisms that have both sex chromosomes and non-sex-determining chromosomes in an individual organism.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Autosome
+ Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostate gland development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prostate gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prostate gland is a partly muscular, partly glandular body that is situated near the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes an alkaline viscid fluid which is a major constituent of the ejaculatory fluid.
+ prostate development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulocyte differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a granulocyte. Granulocytes are a class of leukocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. These cells are active in allergic immune reactions such as arthritic inflammation and rashes. This class includes basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils.
+ granulocyte cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of granulocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of granulocyte differentiation
+ down regulation of granulocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
+ inhibition of granulocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of granulocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of granulocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of granulocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of granulocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of granulocyte differentiation.
+ up-regulation of granulocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of granulocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of granulocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
+ inhibition of epithelial cell differentiation
+ downregulation of epithelial cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of epithelial cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
+ up-regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
+ activation of epithelial cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of epithelial cell differentiation
+ up regulation of epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a polarized epithelial cell. The polarized epithelial cell can be any of the cells within an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+ inhibition of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+ downregulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+ activation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+ upregulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of polarized epithelial cell differentiation.
+ up regulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+ stimulation of polarized epithelial cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical cytoskeleton
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical actin cytoskeleton
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical cytoskeleton organization
+
+ cortical cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.
+ cortical cytoskeleton organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical actin cytoskeleton organization
+
+
+ cortical actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ cortical actin cytoskeleton organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of actin-based cytoskeletal structures in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
+ cellular_component
+ rough ER membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
+ smooth ER membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RENT complex
+
+ A protein complex that mediates transcriptional silencing at the rDNA locus (the name derives from regulator of nucleolar silencing and telophase). In Saccharomyces the complex contains Net1p, Sir2p, Cdc14p, and at least one more subunit.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mre11 complex
+
+
+ Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins related to the Saccharomyces proteins.
+ Rad50 complex
+ RAD50-MRE11-NBN complex
+ MRN complex
+ Rad50-Rad32-Nbs1 complex
+ RMX complex
+ MRX complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolar chromatin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of nuclear chromatin associated with the nucleolus; includes the DNA encoding the ribosomal RNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rDNA protrusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal DNA protrusion
+ Note that this component is characterized in Schizosaccharomyces, particularly with respect to the DAPI staining pattern.
+ Any of the tandem arrays of rDNA localized at the periphery of the nucleus and protruding into the nucleolus, and associated proteins. May be visible as a single or double spot by DAPI staining.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-20 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that binds interleukin-20; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
+ IL-20 receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-catenin destruction complex
+
+
+ A cytoplasmic protein complex containing glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3-beta), the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and the scaffolding protein axin, among others; phosphorylates beta-catenin, targets it for degradation by the proteasome.
+ cellular_component
+ beta-catenin degradation complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyroid gland development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thyroid gland is an endoderm-derived gland that produces thyroid hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammary gland development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA polymerase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any complex that possesses RNA polymerase activity; generally comprises a catalytic subunit and one or more additional subunits.
+ multisubunit RNA polymerase
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+ down regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+ inhibition of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid dendritic cell activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+ up regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+ up-regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+ activation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+ Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of myeloid dendritic cell activation.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B-cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
+ regulation of B lymphocyte proliferation
+ regulation of B-lymphocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B-lymphocyte proliferation
+ inhibition of B cell proliferation
+ downregulation of B cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of B lymphocyte proliferation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of B-cell proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
+ down-regulation of B cell proliferation
+ down regulation of B cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of B cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
+ positive regulation of B-lymphocyte proliferation
+ positive regulation of B-cell proliferation
+ activation of B cell proliferation
+ stimulation of B cell proliferation
+ up-regulation of B cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of B lymphocyte proliferation
+ upregulation of B cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ VCB complex
+
+ VHL complex
+ pVHL-elongin C-elongin B complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that possesses ubiquitin ligase activity; the complex is usually pentameric; for example, in mammals the subunits are pVHL, elongin B, elongin C, cullin-2 (Cul2), and Rbx1.
+ von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic cohesin complex
+
+ A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic cohesin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the mitotic cohesin complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replisome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA synthesome complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.
+ replication-competent complex
+ Wikipedia:Replisome
+ goslim_pir
+ RC complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex
+
+
+ APOBEC
+ cellular_component
+ Protein complex that mediates editing of the mRNA encoding apolipoprotein B; catalyzes the deamination of C to U (residue 6666 in the human mRNA). Contains a catalytic subunit, APOBEC-1, and other proteins (e.g. human ASP; rat ASP and KSRP).
+ apoB mRNA editing enzyme complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ checkpoint clamp complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that the following subunit names have been used: human RAD9/RAD1/HUS1; S. pombe Rad9/Rad1/Hus1; S. cerevisiae Ddc1p/Rad17p/Mec3p.
+ Conserved heterotrimeric complex of PCNA-like proteins that is loaded onto DNA at sites of DNA damage.
+ CCC
+ cellular_component
+ Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 (9-1-1) clamp complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ HOPS complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A multimeric protein complex that associates with the vacuolar membrane and is involved in homotypic vacuole fusion and vacuole protein sorting. For example, the Saccharomyces complex contains Vps41p, Vam6p, Pep5p, Vps16p, Pep3p, and Vps33p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).
+ biological_process
+ prosencephalon development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ midbrain development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles).
+ mesencephalon development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hindbrain development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium).
+ rhombencephalon development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ notochord development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the notochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retromer complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ A conserved multimeric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. For example, the budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retromer complex, outer shell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ One of two subcomplexes that combine to form the retromer, believed to be peripherally associated with the membrane. The budding yeast complex comprises Vps5p and Vps17p, and may contain multiple copies of a Vps5p/Vps17p dimer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retromer complex, inner shell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ One of two subcomplexes that combine to form the retromer, believed to be closely associated with the membrane. In budding yeast the complex comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, and Vps26p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MBF transcription complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Mlu1-box binding factor
+ A complex of two or three proteins that binds to the Mlu1 cell cycle box (MCB) promoter element and is involved in cell cycle-dependent regulation of transcription. In Saccharomyces the complex consists of Mbp1p and Swi6p; in Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Res1p, Res2p, and Cdc10p.
+ MBF
+ DSC1 transcription factor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein splicing
+
+ The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Protein_splicing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-intein-mediated protein splicing
+
+ The post-translational removal of peptide sequences from within a protein sequence, by a process not involving inteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory placode formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to deep water
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a deep water stimulus, being immersed in standing deep water throughout the life cycle.
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to flooding ; GO:0009413'; which refers to immersion in water on a shorter time scale.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paranodal junction assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paranodal junction formation
+ paranodal junction biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ Formation of the junction between an axon and the glial cell that forms the myelin sheath. Paranodal junctions form at each paranode, i.e. at the ends of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ STAGA complex
+
+ See also the cellular component term 'SAGA complex ; GO:0000124'.
+ cellular_component
+ STAGA coactivator complex
+ A large multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and is involved in regulation of transcription. The composition is similar to that of the SAGA complex; for example, the human complex contains the transcription-transformation cofactor TRRAP, hGCN5L acetylase, novel human ADA-like and SPT-like cofactors, and a subset of TAFs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Smc5-Smc6 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A conserved complex that contains a heterodimer of SMC proteins (Smc5p and Smc6p, or homologs thereof) and several other proteins, and is involved in DNA repair and maintaining cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. In S. cerevisiae, this is an octameric complex called Mms21-Smc5-Smc6 complex, with at least five of its subunits conserved in fission yeast and humans.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ otic vesicle formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear.
+ otocyst formation
+ otocyst biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ midbrain-hindbrain boundary development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isthmomesencephalic boundary development
+ biological_process
+ midbrain-hindbrain orgainizer development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain-hindbrain domain of the embryonic brain is comprised of the mesencephalic vesicle and the first rhombencephalic vesicle at early somitogenesis stages.
+ isthmic organizer development
+ isthmus development
+ MHB development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine O-acetylation
+
+
+ The acetylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-acetyl-L-serine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0364
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The acetylation of peptidyl-serine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0183
+ The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(Z)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation to form (E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The oxidation of the C alpha-C beta bond of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-(E)-2,3-didehydrotyrosine coupled with cyclization of neighboring residues.
+ RESID:AA0365
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metal incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a cluster of several metal atoms, including manganese or calcium, with one or more bridging (mu-bond) oxygen atoms; amino acids residues in proteins that may ligate the metal oxygen cluster are histidine, aspartate, and glutamate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ manganese incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The incorporation of manganese into a metallo-oxygen cluster.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster
+
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of calcium into a metallo-oxygen cluster.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster via bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The incorporation of calcium into a 4Mn-Ca-4O complex by bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide as in the photosystem II catalytic site.
+ RESID:AA0366
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ manganese incorporation into metallo-oxygen cluster via bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0366
+ The incorporation of manganese into a 4Mn-Ca-4O complex by bis-L-aspartato tris-L-glutamato L-histidino calcium tetramanganese tetroxide as in the photosystem II catalytic site.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Complex that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. In all organisms where it has been found, the complex is a tetramer. In bacteria, it is a homotetramer. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed small and large subunits.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homotetrameric ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ A protein complex composed of four identical subunits that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity; as in, but not restricted to, the Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterotetrameric ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
+
+ A protein complex composed of four different subunits that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity; as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
+ ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amyloplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the amyloplast.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
+
+
+ An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the chloroplast.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anchoring collagen
+
+ linking collagen
+ connecting collagen
+ cellular_component
+ Any collagen polymer which links one collagen assembly, such as a collagen fibril or sheet, to other structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sheet-forming collagen
+
+ Any collagen polymer in which collagen triple helices associate to form sheet-like networks.
+ network-forming collagen
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmembrane collagen
+
+ Any collagen polymer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane.
+ cellular_component
+ MACIT
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type XVII
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVII) chains; type XVII collagen triple helices associate with hemidesmosomes and the basal lamina.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen type XVIII
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVIII) chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of VEGF receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ regulation of VEGF receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of VEGF receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of VEGF receptor signalling pathway
+ inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ down regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of VEGF receptor signaling pathway
+ activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ up regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of VEGF receptor signalling pathway
+ stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of actin cytoskeleton polarity
+
+
+ Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized actin-based cytoskeletal structures.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized microtubule-based cytoskeletal structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of cytoskeleton polarity
+
+ Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of polarized cytoskeletal structures.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle astral microtubule organization
+
+
+ astral microtubule organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of astral microtubules, any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles.
+ astral microtubule organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle astral microtubule nucleation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The 'de novo' formation of an astral microtubule, in which tubulin heterodimers form metastable oligomeric aggregates, some of which go on to support formation of a complete microtubule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function possessed by this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase activity ; GO:0017068'.
+ Complex that possesses glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase activity, and therefore creates Gln-tRNA by amidating Glu-tRNA; usually composed of 3 subunits: A, B, and C. Note that the C subunit may not be required in all organisms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RITS complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex required for heterochromatin assembly; contains an Argonaute homolog, a chromodomain protein, and at least one additional protein; named for RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0367
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslation modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(3'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 3'-(O4'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0368
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslation modification of two peptidyl-tyrosines to form a 3'-(O4'-L-tyrosinyl)-L-tyrosine protein cross-link.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine hydroxylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The hydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-hydroxyarginine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine dihydroxylation to peptidyl-3,4-dihydroxy-L-arginine
+
+ RESID:AA0369
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The dihydroxylation of peptidyl-arginine to form peptidyl-3,4-dihydroxy-L-arginine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine dihydroxylation to 4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine
+
+ The dihydroxylation of peptidyl-lysine to peptidyl-4,5-dihydroxy-L-lysine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0370
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADH dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+
+ Complex I
+ NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)
+ GO:0045280
+ NADH dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) (sensu Bacteria)
+ goslim_pir
+ GO:0030966
+ NADH:plastoquinone reductase complex
+ NADH dehydrogenase complex (quinone) (sensu Bacteria)
+ plastid NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)
+ gosubset_prok
+ NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) (sensu Cyanobacteria)
+ An integral membrane complex that possesses NADH oxidoreductase activity. The complex is one of the components of the electron transport chain. It catalyses the transfer of a pair of electrons from NADH to a quinone.
+ GO:0030025
+ Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function possessed by this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity ; GO:0050136'.
+ Wikipedia:NADH_dehydrogenase
+ GO:0031675
+ GO:0031678
+ GO:0031677
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane electron transport, NADH to quinone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transfer of electrons from NADH to the quinone pool that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation and results in the generation of a proton gradient, mediated by the enzyme known as NADH-quinone oxidoreductase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER-nuclear sterol response pathway
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of sterol depletion, and resulting in the activation of transcription by SREBP.
+ endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus sterol response pathway
+ endoplasmic reticulum-nuclear sterol response pathway
+ ER to nucleus sterol response pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to unfolded protein ; GO:0006986', which refers to any cellular response to the presence of unfolded proteins anywhere in the cell. Also see 'ER-associated protein catabolic process ; GO:0030433'.
+ erUPR
+ SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation.
+ ER unfolded protein response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UFP-specific transcription factor mRNA processing during unfolded protein response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unfolded protein response, cleavage of primary transcript encoding UFP-specific transcription factor
+ The spliceosome-independent cleavage and ligation of the mRNA encoding a UFP-specific transcription factor to remove a single intron, thereby increasing both the translational efficiency of the processed mRNA and the activity of the protein it encodes.
+ biological_process
+ unfolded protein response, ligation of mRNA encoding UFP-specific transcription factor by RNA ligase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retrograde protein transport, ER to cytosol
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of unfolded or misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol through the translocon.
+ retrograde protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum to cytosol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleavage of cytosolic proteins during apoptosis
+
+ apoptotic cleavage of cytosolic proteins
+ The proteolytic degradation of proteins in the cytosol during apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin pyrophosphate transport
+
+ thiamin diphosphate transport
+ biological_process
+ thiamine pyrophosphate transport
+ thiamine diphosphate transport
+ TPP transport
+ The directed movement of thiamin pyrophosphate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-glucan metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
+ gosubset_prok
+ alpha-glucan metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ alpha-glucan synthesis
+ alpha-glucan biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
+ alpha-glucan formation
+ biological_process
+ alpha-glucan anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-glucan catabolic process
+
+
+ alpha-glucan breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ alpha-glucan degradation
+ biological_process
+ alpha-glucan catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-glucans.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical microtubule cytoskeleton
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the microtubule cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adventurous gliding motility
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the rearward secretion of carbohydrate slime.
+ biological_process
+ adventurous gliding movement
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high molecular weight kininogen receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that acts as a receptor for high molecular weight kininogens. In humans, this receptor includes the CK1 and uPAR proteins.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ horsetail nuclear movement
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ horsetail movement
+ The cell cycle process whereby oscillatory movement of the nucleus during meiotic prophase I occurs. This oscillatory movement is led by an astral microtubule array emanating from the spindle pole body, which may facilitate synapsis necessary for efficient meiotic recombination; as observed in S. pombe.
+ HNM
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intraflagellar transport particle
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ A nonmembrane-bound oliogmeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intraflagellar transport particle A
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The smaller subcomplex of the intraflagellar transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights of 710-760 kDa.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intraflagellar transport particle B
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The larger subcomplex of the intraflagellar transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights around 550 kDa.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axonemal heterotrimeric kinesin-II complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A kinesin complex found in eukaryotic axonemes that contains two distinct plus end-directed kinesin motor proteins and at least one accessory subunit, and that functions in the anterograde transport of molecules (cargo) from the basal body to the distal tip of the axoneme.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary cell septum disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary septum hydrolysis
+ hydrolysis of primary cell septum
+ Dissolution of the primary septum during cell separation.
+ primary cell septum hydrolysis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell septum edging catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrolysis of cell septum edging
+ hydrolysis of edging of cell septum
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the dissolution of the septum edging during cell separation.
+ septum edging hydrolysis
+ cell septum edging hydrolysis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ linear element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A proteinaceous scaffold associated with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase. Linear elements have a structure related to but not equivalent to the synaptonemal complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ linear element formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby a proteinaceous scaffold, related to the synaptonemal complex, is formed in association with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to caffeine
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a caffeine stimulus. Caffeine is an alkaloid found in numerous plant species, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding upon them.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to brefeldin A
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a brefeldin A stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin rod
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins. Found in the germinating spores of Dictyostelium discoideum.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin tubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cellular structure, approximately 13 nm in diameter, consisting of three actin filaments bundled together.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ potassium ion-transporting ATPase complex
+
+
+ Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in). It is a high affinity potassium uptake system. The E. coli complex consists of 4 proteins: KdpA is the potassium ion translocase, KdpB is the ATPase, and KdpC and KdpF seem to be involved in assembly and stabilization of the complex.
+ cellular_component
+ Kdp system complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
+
+
+ An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in a plastid.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ISWI complex
+
+ Any chromatin remodeling complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ino80 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ INO80 chromatin remodeling complex
+ A multisubunit protein complex that contains the Ino80p ATPase; exhibits chromatin remodeling activity and 3' to 5' DNA helicase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular matrix
+
+ Wikipedia:Extracellular_matrix
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as in plants).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ karyopherin docking complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear pore subcomplex
+ cellular_component
+ Asm4p-containing complex
+ A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex that interacts with karyopherin-cargo complexes; a well-characterized example in Saccharomyces contains Asm4p, Nup53p, and Nup170p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pancreas development
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Pancreas
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exocrine pancreas development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endocrine pancreas development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocrine pancreas is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial mRNA editing complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An mRNA editing complex found in the mitochondrion. The best characterized example is that of Trypanosoma brucei, which catalyzes the insertion and deletion of uridylates.
+ mitochondrial editosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid mRNA editing complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ plastid editosome
+ An mRNA editing complex found in a plastid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interphase microtubule organizing center
+
+ interphase microtubule organising center
+ cellular_component
+ interphase MTOC
+ A microtubule organizing center found in interphase cells, which organize a longitudinal array of three to five MT bundles from the nuclear envelope during interphase. Each MT bundle is composed of two to seven MTs arranged in an antiparallel configuration, with the dynamic MT plus ends extending toward the cell tips and stable minus ends near the nucleus.
+ iMTOC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear migration along microfilament
+
+
+ nuclear migration, microfilament-mediated
+ The directed movement of the nucleus along microfilaments within the cell, mediated by motor proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule organizing center organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ microtubule organising center organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center, a structure from which microtubules grow.
+ microtubule organizing center organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interphase microtubule organizing center formation
+
+ interphase microtubule organizing center biogenesis
+ interphase microtubule organizing center assembly
+ The assembly of gamma-tubulin and other proteins into an interphase microtubule organizing center.
+ interphase microtubule organising center biosynthesis
+ interphase microtubule organising center formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ equatorial microtubule organizing center disassembly
+
+
+ equatorial microtubule organising center disassembly
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the equatorial microtubule organizing center is disassembled at the end of mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate synthase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex that possesses glutamate synthase activity.
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate synthase complex (NADH)
+
+ A protein complex that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septation initiation signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septation initiation network
+ SIN
+ septation initiation signalling
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals, mediated by the small GTPase Ras, that results in the initiation of contraction of the contractile ring, at the beginning of cytokinesis and cell division by septum formation. The pathway coordinates chromosome segregation with mitotic exit and cytokinesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of septation initiation signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of septation initiation signalling
+ regulation of septation initiation network
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of septation initiation signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of septation initiation signaling
+ negative regulation of septation initiation network
+ inhibition of septation initiation signaling
+ negative regulation of septation initiation signalling
+ down-regulation of septation initiation signaling
+ down regulation of septation initiation signaling
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of septation initiation signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of septation initiation signaling
+ up regulation of septation initiation signaling
+ activation of septation initiation signaling
+ positive regulation of septation initiation signalling
+ positive regulation of septation initiation network
+ up-regulation of septation initiation signaling
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of septation initiation signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actomyosin structure organization
+
+ Note that this term is a child of 'actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis ; GO:0030036' because the actin cytoskeleton is defined as actin filaments and associated proteins.
+ actomyosin organization
+ biological_process
+ actomyosin structure organisation and biogenesis
+ actomyosin structure organization and biogenesis>
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures containing both actin and myosin. The myosin may be organized into filaments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin filament assembly or disassembly
+
+ Note that this term is a child of 'actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis ; GO:0030036' because the actin cytoskeleton is defined as actin filaments and associated proteins; myosin structures are sufficiently closely associated with actin filaments to be included with the actin cytoskeleton.
+ myosin polymerization or depolymerization
+ The formation or disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin filament assembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a filament composed of myosin molecules.
+ myosin polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin filament disassembly
+
+
+ The disassembly of a filament composed of myosin molecules.
+ myosin depolymerization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin II filament assembly
+
+
+ The formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
+ biological_process
+ myosin II polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin II filament disassembly
+
+
+ myosin II depolymerization
+ The disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
+
+ The formation or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
+ biological_process
+ myosin II polymerization or depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macronucleus
+
+ A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains polyploid copies of a portion of the cell's complete genome. Transcription of genes occurs in macronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple macronuclei per cell.
+ Wikipedia:Macronucleus
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ micronucleus
+
+ A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains a diploid copy of the cell's complete genome. Sections of contiguous sequence in the macronucleus are often interrupted by internal eliminated sequences (IES), and may be permuted, in micronuclei. Genic transcription is not found in micronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple micronuclei per cell.
+ Wikipedia:Micronucleus
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycan processing, core 5
+
+ The stepwise addition of sugar residues to the initially added O-linked sugar (usually GalNAc) to form the core 5 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-1->3-GalNAc.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycan processing, core 6
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The stepwise addition of sugar residues to the initially added O-linked sugar (usually GalNAc) to form the core 6 O-glycan structure, GlcNAc-beta-1->6-GalNAc.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycan processing, core 7
+
+ biological_process
+ The stepwise addition of sugar residues to the initially added O-linked sugar (usually GalNAc) to form the core 7 O-glycan structure, GalNAc-alpha-1->6-GalNAc.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-glycan processing, core 8
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The stepwise addition of sugar residues to the initially added O-linked sugar (usually GalNAc) to form the core 8 O-glycan structure, Gal-alpha-1->3-GalNAc.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dense core granule
+
+ Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole body duplication in cytoplasm
+
+ Construction of a new spindle pole body adjacent to the existing spindle pole body exterior to the outer nuclear envelope.
+ spindle pole body duplication (sensu Schizosaccharomyces)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene silencing by RNA
+
+ RNA-mediated gene silencing
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which RNA molecules inactivate expression of target genes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin silencing by small RNA
+
+
+ RNA-mediated transcriptional silencing
+ RNA-mediated chromatin silencing
+ small RNA-mediated heterochromatin formation
+ biological_process
+ small RNA-mediated heterochromatic silencing
+ RNAi-like chromatin silencing
+ small RNA-mediated heterochromatin biosynthesis
+ RNA-mediated TGS
+ Repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into heterochromatin, directed by small RNAs sharing sequence identity to the repressed region.
+ RNA interference-like chromatin silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ programmed DNA elimination
+
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ The DNA metabolic process by which micronuclear-limited sequences, internal eliminated sequences (IES) and breakage eliminated sequences (BES) are removed from the developing macronucleus (anlage) of a ciliate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dsRNA fragmentation
+
+
+ Cleavage of double-stranded RNA molecules by an RNaseIII-family enzyme to produce small RNAs (generally 20-30 nucleotides, depending on species) with biological function.
+ double-stranded RNA fragmentation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scnRNA production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cleavage of noncoding, double-stranded RNAs transcribed from the micronuclear genome to produce scnRNAs, small RNAs (~28 nucleotides) that direct the deletion of micronuclear-limited sequences from the developing macronuclear genome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome breakage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Regulated cleavage of the developing macronuclear genome at a limited number of chromosome breakage sites (CBS). The macronuclear destined segment (MDS) sequence adjacent to the CBS (or separated from it by a BES) receives a macronuclear telomere following chromosome breakage.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term refers to breakage of chromosomes during normal DNA rearrangements characteristic of ciliates; it is not to be used for DNA damage or other abnormal occurrences.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary microRNA processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pri-miRNA processing
+ primary miRNA processing
+ Any process involved in the conversion of a primary microRNA transcript into a pre-microRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-microRNA processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process involved in the conversion of a pre-microRNA transcript into a mature microRNA molecule.
+ pre-miRNA processing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin remodeling at centromere
+
+ Dynamic structural changes in centromeric DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histone modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of a histone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histone modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of a histone.
+ down regulation of histone modification
+ inhibition of histone modification
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of histone modification
+ down-regulation of histone modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histone modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of histone modification
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of a histone.
+ activation of histone modification
+ up-regulation of histone modification
+ up regulation of histone modification
+ stimulation of histone modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone deacetylation at centromere
+
+ The removal of acetyl groups from histones in centromeric DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histone methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histone methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of histone methylation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.
+ down regulation of histone methylation
+ down-regulation of histone methylation
+ inhibition of histone methylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histone methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones.
+ up-regulation of histone methylation
+ up regulation of histone methylation
+ upregulation of histone methylation
+ stimulation of histone methylation
+ biological_process
+ activation of histone methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histone deacetylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histone deacetylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of histone deacetylation
+ down-regulation of histone deacetylation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.
+ downregulation of histone deacetylation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of histone deacetylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histone deacetylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of histone deacetylation
+ upregulation of histone deacetylation
+ activation of histone deacetylation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones.
+ up-regulation of histone deacetylation
+ stimulation of histone deacetylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones in centromeric DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
+ down-regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups to histones in centromeric DNA.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
+ inhibition of histone deacetylation at centromere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones in centromeric DNA.
+ stimulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
+ up regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
+ activation of histone deacetylation at centromere
+ up-regulation of histone deacetylation at centromere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair follicle morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intronic snoRNA processing
+
+ The biogenesis of a snoRNA molecule which resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleocytoplasmic shuttling complex
+
+
+ Any complex that acts to move proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic camera-type eye development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ embryonic eye development (sensu Actinopterygii)
+ embryonic eye development
+ The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic camera-type eye development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic camera-style eye development
+ The process occurring during the post-embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+ post-embryonic eye development (sensu Actinopterygii)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Nup107-160 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Nup107-120 complex
+ cellular_component
+ Nup84 complex
+ A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) mRNA export and NPC assembly. Contains conserved nucleoporins and other proteins; for example, the Saccharomyces complex contains Nup84p, Nup85p, Nup120p, Nup145p-C, Seh1p, Sec13p, and Nup133p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear pore distribution
+
+
+ positioning of nuclear pores
+ Any process that establishes the spatial arrangement of nuclear pores within the nuclear envelope.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BLOC complex
+
+
+ Any of several protein complexes required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and other related organelles; acronym for biogenesis of lysosomal-related organelles complex.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BLOC-1 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Many of the protein subunits are conserved between mouse and human; the mouse complex contains the Pallidin, Muted, Cappuccino, Dysbindin, Snapin, BLOS1, BLOS2, AND BLOS3 proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BLOC-2 complex
+
+ A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps3, Hps5, and Hps6 proteins; the mouse complex contains ru2 and ru.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BLOC-3 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps1 and Hps4 proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent decay
+
+ mRNA degradation, deadenylation-independent decay
+ deadenylation-independent mRNA decay
+ mRNA breakdown, deadenylation-independent decay
+ deadenylylation-independent mRNA decay
+ biological_process
+ mRNA catabolic process, deadenylylation-independent
+ A pathway of degradation of nuclear-transcribed mRNAs that proceeds through a series of steps that is independent of deadenylation, but requires decapping followed by transcript decay, and that can regulate mRNA stability.
+ nuclear mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent decay
+ mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-independent
+ mRNA catabolism, deadenylation-independent decay
+ mRNA catabolism, deadenylylation-independent
+ mRNA catabolic process, deadenylation-independent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear-transcribed mRNA
+
+ deadenylation-independent decapping of nuclear mRNA
+ Cleavage of the 5'-cap of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is independent of poly(A) tail shortening.
+ biological_process
+ deadenylylation-independent decapping
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet dense granule membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense granule.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet dense granule lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet dense granule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet alpha granule
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Platelet_alpha-granule
+ A secretory organelle found in blood platelets, which is unique in that it exhibits further compartmentalization and acquires its protein content via two distinct mechanisms: (1) biosynthesis predominantly at the megakaryocyte (MK) level (with some vestigial platelet synthesis) (e.g. platelet factor 4) and (2) endocytosis and pinocytosis at both the MK and circulating platelet levels (e.g. fibrinogen (Fg) and IgG).
+ platelet alpha-granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet alpha granule membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet alpha granule.
+ platelet alpha-granule membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet alpha granule lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet alpha-granule lumen
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet dense tubular network
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet dense tubular network membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet dense tubular network lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membranes of the platelet dense tubular network.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medial ring
+
+
+ medial cortex
+ cellular_component
+ A medial cortical band overlaying the nucleus which acts as a landmark for contractile ring positioning.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+
+
+ JNK signalling pathway
+ SAPK signaling pathway
+ JNK signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade relays one or more of the signals.
+ stress-activated protein kinase signalling pathway
+ SAPK signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regeneration
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Regeneration_(biology)
+ The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organ regeneration
+
+
+ The regrowth of a lost or destroyed organ.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fin regeneration
+
+
+ The regrowth of fin tissue following its loss or destruction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron projection regeneration
+
+
+ The regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
+ neurite regeneration
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon regeneration
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendrite regeneration
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regrowth of dendrites following their loss or damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ Any of several heterooligomeric complexes containing multiple septins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin ring organization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of the septin ring.
+ septin ring organisation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin ring disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The controlled breakdown of a septin ring.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of holo-[acyl-carrier protein].
+ holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ holo-[acyl-carrier protein] biosynthesis
+ holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] formation
+ holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthesis
+ holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+
+ Assembly or disassembly of microtubules by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization by the addition or removal of tubulin heterodimers from a microtubule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization.
+ down-regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+ inhibition of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+ downregulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+ down regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+ activation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+ up-regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+ upregulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microtubule polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microtubule depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of microtubule disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of microtubule polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of microtubule polymerization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.
+ inhibition of microtubule polymerization
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of microtubule polymerization
+ downregulation of microtubule polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of microtubule polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of microtubule polymerization
+ upregulation of microtubule polymerization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization.
+ up regulation of microtubule polymerization
+ up-regulation of microtubule polymerization
+ biological_process
+ activation of microtubule polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of microtubule depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of microtubule depolymerization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization.
+ activation of microtubule depolymerization
+ upregulation of microtubule depolymerization
+ microtubule destabilization
+ up-regulation of microtubule depolymerization
+ positive regulation of microtubule catastrophe
+ up regulation of microtubule depolymerization
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of microtubule disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA pseudouridine synthesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an rRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA pseudouridine synthesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in a tRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA pseudouridine synthesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine in an snRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ equatorial microtubule organization
+
+ equatorial microtubule organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins at the midpoint of a cell.
+ biological_process
+ equatorial microtubule organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic microtubule organization
+
+ cytoplasmic microtubule organization and biogenesis
+ cytoplasmic microtubule organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cytoplasm of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA 3'-end processing
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RNA 3' end processing
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an RNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.
+ mRNA 3' end processing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ rRNA 3' end processing
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an rRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snoRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a snoRNA molecule.
+ snoRNA 3' end processing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ developmental induction
+
+ Signaling at short range between cells or tissues of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or tissue effecting a developmental change in the other.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inductive cell-cell signaling
+
+ Signaling at short range between cells of different ancestry and developmental potential that results in one cell or group of cells effecting a developmental change in the other. This is often done by secretion of proteins by one cell which affects the neighboring cells and causes them to adopt a certain fate.
+ inductive cell-cell signalling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ creation of an inductive signal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which one cell or group of cells sends a signal over a short range to another cell or group of cells of different ancestry and developmental potential, thereby effecting a developmental change in the latter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reception of an inductive signal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which one cell or group of cells receives, transduces, and responds to a signal generated by another cell or group of cells of different ancestry and developmental potential, such that the recipient cell(s) undergo a developmental change.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of axon diameter
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon growth such that the correct diameter is attained and maintained.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sister chromatid biorientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sister kinetochore biorientation
+ biological_process
+ chromosome biorientation
+ The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of conjugation
+ Any process that decreases the rate of conjugation.
+ downregulation of conjugation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of conjugation
+ inhibition of conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of conjugation
+ stimulation of conjugation
+ Any process that increases the rate or frequency of conjugation.
+ upregulation of conjugation
+ up-regulation of conjugation
+ biological_process
+ activation of conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
+ down regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
+ downregulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
+ inhibition of conjugation with cellular fusion
+ Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate or frequency of conjugation with cellular fusion.
+ up regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
+ upregulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
+ activation of conjugation with cellular fusion
+ up-regulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
+ stimulation of conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of conjugation upon nutrient starvation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon starvation for one or more nutrients.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of conjugation upon carbon starvation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon carbon starvation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of conjugation upon nitrogen starvation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell initiates conjugation with cellular fusion upon nitrogen starvation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudopodium
+
+ A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.
+ goslim_pir
+ pseudopod
+ Wikipedia:Pseudopod
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome localization
+
+ Any process by which the proteasome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ establishment and maintenance of proteasome localization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+ Reactome:244693
+ Reactome:244695
+ Reactome:286482
+ Reactome:174154
+ Reactome:252573
+ Reactome:273979
+ Reactome:221759
+ Reactome:244756
+ Reactome:286480
+ Reactome:238376
+ Reactome:262450
+ Reactome:244691
+ Reactome:286650
+ Reactome:280459
+ Reactome:273980
+ Reactome:268459
+ Reactome:211671
+ Reactome:274031
+ Reactome:273983
+ Reactome:265335
+ Reactome:282891
+ Reactome:262505
+ Reactome:280509
+ APC-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
+ APC-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ Reactome:230340
+ Reactome:280462
+ Reactome:174178
+ Reactome:238086
+ Reactome:238083
+ Reactome:238082
+ Reactome:259147
+ Reactome:230062
+ Reactome:211995
+ Reactome:211662
+ Reactome:211660
+ Reactome:221430
+ anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
+ Reactome:221434
+ Reactome:230064
+ anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
+ Reactome:221432
+ Reactome:230066
+ Reactome:255754
+ Reactome:262361
+ Reactome:280458
+ Reactome:268297
+ Reactome:286530
+ Reactome:174184
+ Reactome:244931
+ Reactome:211658
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by the anaphase-promoting complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
+ Reactome:280631
+ Reactome:274158
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:230073
+ anaphase-promoting complex-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
+ Reactome:238094
+ Reactome:174048
+ Reactome:174143
+ Reactome:268406
+ Reactome:221442
+ Reactome:286528
+ Reactome:265285
+ Reactome:249841
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, with ubiquitin-protein ligation catalyzed by an SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein) complex, and mediated by the proteasome.
+ SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
+ SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
+ SCF-dependent proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ DIF-1 metabolism
+ 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one metabolism
+ DIF-1 metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DIF-1 biosynthetic process
+
+
+ 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one anabolism
+ DIF-1 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one, also known as DIF-1, differentiation-inducing factor-1. DIF-1 is a secreted chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.
+ 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one biosynthesis
+ 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one formation
+ 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorocarp stalk cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sorocarp stalk cell, any of the cellulose-covered cells that form the stalk of a sorocarp.
+ stalk cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorocarp stalk development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stalk formation (sensu Dictyosteliida)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorocarp stalk over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sorocarp stalk is a tubular structure that consists of cellulose-covered cells stacked on top of each other and surrounded by an acellular stalk tube composed of cellulose and glycoprotein.
+ sorophore development
+ biological_process
+ stalk development (sensu Dictyosteliida)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aggregation involved in sorocarp development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aggregation during fruiting body development
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.
+ aggregate development involved in sorocarp development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slug development during sorocarp development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slug development during fruiting body development
+ migratory slug development during sorocarp development
+ pseudoplasmodium formation
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the slug over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Slug development begins when the aggregate rises upwards to form a finger-shaped structure and ends when culmination begins. Slug development takes place during sorocarp development.
+ pseudoplasmodium biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ standing slug development during sorocarp development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ culmination during sorocarp development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ culminant development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the culminant over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Clumination begins with a morphogenetic change of the finger-like or migratory slug giving rise to an organized structure containing a stalk and a sorus. This process is the final stage of sorocarp development.
+ culmination during fruiting body development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fruiting body development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fruiting body development.
+ regulation of fruiting body formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sorocarp development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp development.
+ regulation of fruiting body development (sensu Dictyosteliida)
+ regulation of fruiting body formation (sensu Dictyosteliida)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.
+ regulation of aggregation during fruiting body biosynthesis
+ regulation of aggregation during fruiting body formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development
+
+ Any process that decreases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.
+ down regulation of aggregate size
+ inhibition of aggregate size
+ down-regulation of aggregate size
+ downregulation of aggregate size
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of aggregate size involved in sorocarp development
+
+ upregulation of aggregate size
+ up-regulation of aggregate size
+ activation of aggregate size
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of aggregate size
+ Any process that increases the size of the aggregate formed during sorocarp formation.
+ stimulation of aggregate size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore wall
+
+ cellular_component
+ spore coat
+ The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylinositol catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
+ phosphatidylinositol breakdown
+ biological_process
+ phosphatidylinositol degradation
+ PtdIns catabolic process
+ PtdIns catabolism
+ phosphatidylinositol catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfur incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The incorporation of exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
+ sulphur incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metallo-sulfur cluster assembly
+
+ metallo-sulphur cluster assembly
+ gosubset_prok
+ The incorporation of a metal and exogenous sulfur into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
+ biological_process
+ metallo-sulfur cluster biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile vacuolar membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding the contractile vacuole.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to contractile vacuolar membrane
+
+
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the contractile vacuolar membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to vacuolar membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the vacuolar membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA methylation
+
+
+ The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an rRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferrichrome metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ ferrichrome metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferrichrome biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ferrichrome biosynthesis
+ ferrichrome anabolism
+ biological_process
+ GO:0031199
+ ferrichrome synthesis
+ ferrichrome formation
+ GO:0031200
+ ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide formation
+ ferrichrome biosynthetic process, peptide modification
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ferrichrome. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferricrocin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.
+ biological_process
+ ferricrocin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferricrocin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferricrocin, a cyclic hexapeptide siderophore with the structure Gly-Ser-Gly-(N5-acetyl-N5-hydroxyornithine)3.
+ ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
+ biological_process
+ ferricrocin biosynthesis
+ ferricrocin synthesis
+ ferricrocin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
+ GO:0031185
+ ferricrocin formation
+ GO:0031186
+ ferricrocin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ otolith mineralization completed early in development
+
+ otolith mineralization (sensu Tetrapoda)
+ otoconium mineralization
+ The formation of otoliths during embryogenesis with completion in early postembryonic development. Formation occurs by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate around an organic core of extracellular matrix proteins. Otoconia (otoliths) are small (~10 micron) dense extracellular particles present in the otolith end organs of the vertebrate inner ear.
+ otoconia mineralization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lifelong otolith mineralization
+
+ otolith mineralization (sensu Actinopterygii)
+ The formation and growth of otoliths throughout the life of the organism. Otoliths are the large extracellular ear-stones of the fish inner ear, produced by precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate on organic matrices. The otolith enlarges throughout the life of the fish, as layers of calcium carbonate are added.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron projection development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurite development
+ neurite biosynthesis
+ neurite growth
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
+ neurite formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide modification
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a peptide, resulting in a change in the properties of that peptide.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SNARE complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posttranslational protein targeting to membrane, docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Sec-translated protein complex assembly
+ protein docking during posttranslational protein targeting to membrane
+ The process by which the signal sequence of a translated protein binds to and forms a complex with the Sec complex.
+ posttranslational protein membrane targeting, docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posttranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein translocation during posttranslational protein targeting to membrane
+ The process by which a protein translocates through the ER membrane posttranslationally.
+ biological_process
+ posttranslational protein membrane targeting, translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum Sec complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ Sec complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ An endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated complex involved in the translocation of proteins that are targeted to the ER. In yeast, this complex consists of two subcomplexes, namely, the Sec61 complex and the Sec62/Sec63 complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sec complex-associated translocon complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A translocon complex physically associated with a Sec complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sec62/Sec63 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Sec62/63 complex
+ ER protein translocation subcomplex
+ A protein complex involved in the posttranslational targeting of proteins to the ER. In yeast, it is a tetrameric complex consisting of Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p and Sec72p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SCAR complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ WAVE complex
+ A heterotetrameric complex that includes orthologues of human PIR121, Nap125 and HSPC300 and regulates actin polymerization and/or depolymerization through small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ palmitoyltransferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A dimeric complex of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes S-palmitoylation, the addition of palmitate (C16:0) or other long-chain fatty acids to proteins at a cysteine residue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RSF complex
+
+ remodeling and spacing factor complex
+ cellular_component
+ A chromatin remodeling complex that mediates nucleosome deposition and generates regularly spaced nucleosome arrays. In humans, the complex is composed of the ATPase hSNF2H and the HBXAP protein (RSF-1).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biomineral formation
+
+ biological_process
+ mineralization
+ Wikipedia:Biomineralisation
+ Formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds, and also contain a small amounts of organic matrices that are believed to play important roles in their formation.
+ biomineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shell calcification
+
+ biological_process
+ The precipitation of calcium carbonate onto the organic matrix of a shell, such as a mollusc shell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabinan metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabinan, a branched homopolymer of L-arabinose.
+ biological_process
+ arabinan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabinan catabolic process
+
+
+ arabinan catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabinan, a branched homopolymer of L-arabinose.
+ biological_process
+ arabinan degradation
+ arabinan breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory behavior
+
+ behavioural response to sound
+ The actions or reactions of an organism in response to a sound.
+ biological_process
+ behavioral response to sound
+ auditory behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that proteins intrinsic to membranes cannot be removed without disrupting the membrane, e.g. by detergent.
+ Located in a membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anchored to membrane
+
+ Tethered to a membrane by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid moiety, that is embedded in the membrane. When used to describe a protein, indicates that none of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to plasma membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to Golgi membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located in the Golgi membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to nuclear inner membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Located in the nuclear inner membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to cell outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ intrinsic to outer membrane (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ Located in the cell outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+ intrinsic to outer membrane (sensu Proteobacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to peroxisomal membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Located in the peroxisomal membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Loosely bound to the surface of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to external side of plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side opposite to the side that faces the cytoplasm.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Loosely bound to the surface of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side that faces the cytoplasm.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0031238
+ Located in the periplasmic space and loosely bound to the surface of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0031239
+ intrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ intrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located in the periplasmic space.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ external side of cell outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ external side of outer membrane
+ The side of the outer membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the periplasm of the cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ internal side of cell outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The side of the outer membrane that faces the periplasm of the cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ internal side of outer membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to external side of cell outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Loosely bound to the surface of the outer membrane of the cell that faces away from the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ cellular_component
+ extrinsic to external side of outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to external side of cell outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Located in the outer membrane of the cell such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side opposite to the side that faces the periplasm.
+ intrinsic to external side of outer membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to cell outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to outer membrane (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ Loosely bound to one surface of the outer membrane of the cell, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ extrinsic to outer membrane (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to internal side of cell outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Loosely bound to the surface of the outer membrane of the cell that faces the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ cellular_component
+ extrinsic to internal side of outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to internal side of cell outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located in the outer membrane of the cell such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side that faces the periplasm.
+ intrinsic to internal side of outer membrane
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin rod formation
+
+
+ The assembly of actin rods, a cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules.
+ biological_process
+ actin rod assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein acetyltransferase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to a protein acceptor molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex composed of 4 subunits, 2 copies of the large protein (nrdD in E. coli) and 2 copies of the small protein (nrdG in E. coli). It catalyzes the generation of 2'deoxyribonucleotides under anaerobic growth conditions. The larger subunit is the catalytic unit that is activated by the smaller iron-binding subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PAN complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex that possesses poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity; catalyzes the message-specific shortening of mRNA poly(A) tails. Contains at least two subunits, known as Pan2p and Pan3p in Saccharomyces.
+ poly(A) nuclease complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell leading edge
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ leading edge of cell
+ The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement.
+ front of cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell projection membrane
+
+
+ membrane projection
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cell surface projection.
+ membrane extension
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trailing edge
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ back of cell
+ The area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral part of motile cell
+
+ cellular_component
+ The area of a motile cell perpendicular to the direction of movement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leading edge membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trailing edge membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the trailing edge of a motile cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamellipodium membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a lamellipodium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uropod membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a uropod.
+ cellular_component
+ uropodium membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudopodium membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a pseudopodium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication preinitiation complex
+
+
+ pre-IC
+ cellular_component
+ A multiprotein complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The preinitiation complex is formed by the assembly of additional proteins onto an existing prereplicative complex. In budding yeast, the additional proteins include Cdc45p, Sld2p, Sld3p, Dpb11p, DNA polymerases, and others.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ndc80 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Nuf2-Ndc80 complex
+ A protein complex conserved among eukaryotes that forms part of the kinetochore and plays an essential role in forming stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments. The complex contains proteins known in several species, including budding and fission yeasts, as Ndc80p, Nuf2p, Spc24p, and Spc25p. In vertebrates it is part of the outer plate of the kinetochore.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ death-inducing signaling complex
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Death-inducing_signaling_complex
+ cellular_component
+ DISC
+ death-inducing signalling complex
+ A protein complex formed by the association of signaling proteins with a death receptor upon ligand binding. The complex includes procaspases and death domain-containing proteins in addition to the ligand-bound receptor.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD95 death-inducing signaling complex
+
+ CD95 death-inducing signalling complex
+ Fas death-inducing signaling complex
+ CD95 DISC
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex formed upon binding of Fas/CD95/APO-1 to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1, procaspase-8/10 and c-FLIP in addition to the ligand-bound receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex formed upon binding of TRAIL to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1 and procaspase-8 addition to the ligand-bound receptor.
+ TRAIL DISC
+ TRAIL death-inducing signalling complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudopodium organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pseudopodium, a temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with cellular movement.
+ pseudopodium organization and biogenesis
+ pseudopodium organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudopodium assembly
+
+
+ The assembly of a pseudopodium by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.
+ biological_process
+ pseudopodium formation
+ pseudopodium extension
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudopodium retraction
+
+ The myosin-based contraction and retraction of the pseudopodium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral pseudopodium assembly
+
+ The extension of a pseudopodium from the lateral area of a cell.
+ lateral pseudopodium formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pseudopodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.
+ regulation of pseudopodium formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of pseudopodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of pseudopodium formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.
+ inhibition of pseudopodium formation
+ <new synonym>
+ downregulation of pseudopodium formation
+ negative regulation of pseudopodium formation
+ down regulation of pseudopodium formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of pseudopodium formation
+ upregulation of pseudopodium formation
+ positive regulation of pseudopodium formation
+ stimulation of pseudopodium formation
+ activation of pseudopodium formation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of pseudopodium formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lateral pseudopodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of lateral pseudopodium formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia from the lateral side of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lateral pseudopodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lateral pseudopodium formation
+ down-regulation of lateral pseudopodium formation
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of lateral pseudopodium formation
+ inhibition of lateral pseudopodium formation
+ down regulation of lateral pseudopodium formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia from the lateral side of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lateral pseudopodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lateral pseudopodium formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia from the lateral side of the cell.
+ up regulation of lateral pseudopodium formation
+ upregulation of lateral pseudopodium formation
+ up-regulation of lateral pseudopodium formation
+ stimulation of lateral pseudopodium formation
+ biological_process
+ activation of lateral pseudopodium formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cyclase activity
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclase activity.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyclase activity
+
+
+ downregulation of cyclase activity
+ down-regulation of cyclase activity
+ down regulation of cyclase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a cyclase.
+ inhibition of cyclase activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cyclase activity
+
+
+ upregulation of cyclase activity
+ up-regulation of cyclase activity
+ stimulation of cyclase activity
+ biological_process
+ activation of cyclase activity
+ up regulation of cyclase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a cyclase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+ inhibition of guanylate cyclase activity
+ down-regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of guanylate cyclase activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
+ down regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+ up regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
+ upregulation of guanylate cyclase activity
+ stimulation of guanylate cyclase activity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of guanylate cyclase activity
+ activation of guanylate cyclase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of stalk cell differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation.
+ down-regulation of stalk cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of stalk cell differentiation
+ down regulation of stalk cell differentiation
+ inhibition of stalk cell differentiation
+ downregulation of stalk cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of stalk cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sorocarp stalk cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of stalk cell differentiation
+ activation of stalk cell differentiation
+ upregulation of stalk cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of stalk cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of stalk cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorocarp morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the sorocarp is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ fruiting body morphogenesis (sensu Dictyosteliida)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin phosphorylation
+
+
+ The transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal ganglion cell axon guidance
+
+ retinal ganglion cell axon pathfinding
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone of a retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is directed to its target in the brain in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ran protein signal transduction
+
+ A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ran family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene conversion at mating-type locus, DNA double-strand break processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break at the mating-type locus to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis
+
+ membrane protein solubilization
+ The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte costimulation
+
+
+ lymphocyte co-stimulation
+ biological_process
+ The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B- or T cell receptor to augment B- or T cell activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell costimulation
+
+
+ T cell co-stimulation
+ The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.
+ T lymphocyte costimulation
+ T-lymphocyte costimulation
+ biological_process
+ T-cell costimulation
+ T-cell co-stimulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell costimulation
+
+
+ B-lymphocyte costimulation
+ B cell co-stimulation
+ B-cell co-stimulation
+ B lymphocyte costimulation
+ biological_process
+ B lymphocyte co-stimulation
+ B-lymphocyte co-stimulation
+ The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the B cell receptor to augment B cell activation.
+ B-cell costimulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication fork processing
+
+
+ recovery from replication fork arrest
+ recovery from replication fork stalling
+ collapsed replication fork processing
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a DNA replication fork that has stalled (due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes) is repaired and replication is restarted.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication fork protection complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Swi1-Swi3 complex
+ replisome progression complex
+ cellular_component
+ TIMELESS-TIPIN complex
+ A protein complex conserved in eukaryotes and associated with the replication fork; the complex stabilizes stalled replication forks and is thought to be involved in coordinating leading- and lagging-strand synthesis and in replication checkpoint signaling.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to organelle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located in an organelle membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to organelle membrane
+
+
+ Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an organelle membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to endosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located in the endosome membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to endosome membrane
+
+
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the endosome membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to mitochondrial inner membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located in the mitochondrial inner membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to mitochondrial inner membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the mitochondrial inner membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to mitochondrial outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located in the mitochondrial outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to mitochondrial outer membrane
+
+
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the mitochondrial outer membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to nuclear outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located in the nuclear outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to nuclear outer membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the nuclear outer membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to vacuolar membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Located in the vacuolar membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to contractile vacuolar membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Located in the contractile vacuolar membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to organelle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Loosely bound to one surface of an organelle membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to endosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Loosely bound to one surface of the endosome membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to mitochondrial inner membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Loosely bound to one surface of the mitochondrial inner membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to mitochondrial outer membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Loosely bound to one surface of the mitochondrial outer membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to nuclear outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Loosely bound to one surface of the nuclear outer membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter complex
+
+
+ TRAP-T transporter complex
+ TRAP transporter complex
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A complex consisting of two membrane proteins and one extracytoplasmic solute receptor. Such transporters transport a variety of substrates without direct ATP power, instead using energy from ion gradients.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of folic acid
+
+
+ detection of folate
+ folate detection
+ folic acid detection
+ The series of events in which a folic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ folate sensing
+ folic acid sensing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of cAMP
+
+
+ cyclic AMP detection
+ detection of cyclic AMP
+ 3',5'-cAMP sensing
+ cAMP sensing
+ 3',5'-cAMP detection
+ biological_process
+ cAMP detection
+ detection of 3',5'-cAMP
+ The series of events in which a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; cAMP is the nucleotide cyclic AMP.
+ detection of adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate
+ detection of 3',5' cAMP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore-type prospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forespore formation (sensu Fungi)
+ biological_process
+ During ascospore formation, the process by which each haploid nucleus becomes encapsulated by a double membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore-type prospore-specific spindle pole body modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ forespore-specific spindle pole body modification
+ prospore specific spindle pole body modification
+ Structural modification of the spindle pole body that takes place during the second meiotic division during ascospore formation; includes the recruitment of sporulation-specific proteins to the outer plaque to form the meiotic outer plaque (MOP).
+ sporulation specific spindle pole body modification
+ forespore specific spindle pole body modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
+ regulation of cellular metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of cellular metabolism
+ downregulation of cellular metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
+ inhibition of cellular metabolic process
+ down regulation of cellular metabolic process
+ down-regulation of cellular metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
+ positive regulation of cellular metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation of cellular metabolic process
+ up-regulation of cellular metabolic process
+ upregulation of cellular metabolic process
+ activation of cellular metabolic process
+ up regulation of cellular metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of cellular biosynthesis
+ regulation of cellular anabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
+ regulation of cellular synthesis
+ regulation of cellular formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of cellular biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cellular biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of cellular anabolism
+ negative regulation of cellular formation
+ down-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of cellular biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of cellular synthesis
+ down regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
+ activation of cellular biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of cellular biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of cellular biosynthesis
+ upregulation of cellular biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of cellular biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of cellular synthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
+ positive regulation of cellular anabolism
+ positive regulation of cellular formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular catabolism
+ regulation of cellular breakdown
+ regulation of cellular degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular breakdown
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
+ inhibition of cellular catabolic process
+ down-regulation of cellular catabolic process
+ negative regulation of cellular degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of cellular catabolic process
+ negative regulation of cellular catabolism
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cellular catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular breakdown
+ up regulation of cellular catabolic process
+ upregulation of cellular catabolic process
+ positive regulation of cellular catabolism
+ activation of cellular catabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
+ stimulation of cellular catabolic process
+ positive regulation of cellular degradation
+ up-regulation of cellular catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNAi effector complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ Any protein complex that mediates the effects of small interfering RNAs on gene expression. Most known examples contain one or more members of the Argonaute family of proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of protein complex assembly
+ downregulation of protein complex assembly
+ inhibition of protein complex assembly
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation of protein complex assembly
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of protein complex assembly
+ activation of protein complex assembly
+ upregulation of protein complex assembly
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of protein complex assembly
+ up-regulation of protein complex assembly
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.
+ down-regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+ downregulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+ down regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+ inhibition of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+ stimulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur amino acids.
+ positive regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism
+ upregulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vesicle fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of vesicle fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of vesicle fusion
+ downregulation of vesicle fusion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.
+ down regulation of vesicle fusion
+ inhibition of vesicle fusion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of vesicle fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of vesicle fusion
+ up regulation of vesicle fusion
+ biological_process
+ activation of vesicle fusion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vesicle fusion.
+ stimulation of vesicle fusion
+ up-regulation of vesicle fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell killing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing, the process by which a cell brings about the death of another cell, either in the same or a different organism.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell killing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of cell killing
+ inhibition of cell killing
+ down regulation of cell killing
+ down-regulation of cell killing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell killing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of cell killing
+ activation of cell killing
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of cell killing
+ up regulation of cell killing
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell killing.
+ stimulation of cell killing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell projection organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell projection organisation and biogenesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell projection organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cell projection organisation and biogenesis
+ down-regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
+ negative regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ downregulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ inhibition of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ down regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell projection organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ positive regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ up-regulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ upregulation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ activation of cell projection organization and biogenesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell projections.
+ positive regulation of cell projection organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
+ downregulation of defense response
+ down regulation of defense response
+ inhibition of defense response
+ down-regulation of defense response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of defense response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a defense response.
+ upregulation of defense response
+ up regulation of defense response
+ up-regulation of defense response
+ activation of defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to plastid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located in a plastid membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to plastid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plastid membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to plastid inner membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located in a plastid inner membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to plastid inner membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plastid inner membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to plastid outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Located in a plastid outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to plastid outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plastid outer membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to chloroplast inner membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Located in the chloroplast inner membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to chloroplast inner membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the chloroplast inner membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to chloroplast outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Located in the chloroplast outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to chloroplast outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the chloroplast outer membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrinsic to thylakoid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Located in a thylakoid membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product, for example part of a peptide sequence or some other covalently attached moiety such as a GPI anchor, spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to thylakoid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a thylakoid membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anchored to external side of plasma membrane
+
+
+ Tethered to the plasma membrane by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid moiety, that is embedded in the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side opposite to the side that faces the cytoplasm. When used to describe a protein, indicates that the peptide sequence does not span the membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein amino acid deamination
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The removal of an amino group from the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein amino acid deamination, from side chain
+
+ The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal asparagine or glutamine residue of a protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein amino acid modification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The alteration of the N-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-arginine deamination
+
+ The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal asparagine residue of a protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-glutamine deamination
+
+ The removal of an amino group from the side chain of an N-terminal glutamine residue of a protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex
+
+
+ Any complex that possesses ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity.
+ E2 complex
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UBC13-MMS2 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which act as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair; in Saccharomyces the complex comprises Ubc13p and Mms2p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic fatty acid synthase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A fatty acid synthase complex located in the cytosol.
+ cytosolic FAS complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic type I fatty acid synthase complex
+
+ A cytosolic fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain contains several different catalytic sites.
+ cellular_component
+ cytosolic type I FAS complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type II fatty acid synthase complex
+
+ type II FAS
+ cellular_component
+ A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity.
+ type II fatty acid synthase
+ type II FAS complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic type II fatty acid synthase complex
+
+
+ A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity, located in the cytosol.
+ cytosolic type II FAS complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial type II fatty acid synthase complex
+
+
+ mitochondrial type II FAS complex
+ A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity, located in the mitochondrion.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid type II fatty acid synthase complex
+
+
+ plastid type II FAS complex
+ A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity, located in a plastid.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that possesses RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
+
+
+ A complex required for RNAi mediated heterochromatin assembly. In S. pombe this contains RNA-directed RNA polymerase, a putative helicase and a protein containing a pap25 associated domain.
+ RDRC
+ cellular_component
+ Rdr1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
+
+ A virus-specific protein complex that possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and replicates the genome of an RNA virus.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating projection assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ mating projection biogenesis
+ Formation of a projection by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mating projection assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mating projection biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of initiation of mating projection growth
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the start of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of termination of mating projection growth
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the end of mating projection formation by unicellular fungi.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MPF complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex consisting of a Cdc2-class (also known as Cdc28) cyclin-dependent kinase and an M-phase cyclin such as S. pombe Cdc13. The MPF complex phosphorylates and activates the anaphase promoting complex (APC).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organic acid phosphorylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into an organic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rad17 RFC-like complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Rad17-RLC
+ Rad24p RFC-like complex
+ RFC (Rad17)
+ A pentameric protein complex related to replication factor C, which loads a trimeric complex of checkpoint proteins (known as the checkpoint clamp or 9-1-1 complex) onto DNA at damage sites; functions in DNA damage cell cycle checkpoints. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe the subunits are known as Rad17, Rfc2, Rfc3, Rfc4, and Rfc5, while in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the subunits are known as Rad24p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.
+ Rad17-RFC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ctf18 RFC-like complex
+
+
+ Ctf18-RFC
+ cellular_component
+ RFC (Ctf18)
+ A heptameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and plays a vital role in chromosome cohesion. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Ctf18p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, Rfc5p, Dcc1p, and Ctf8p.
+ Ctf18-RLC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Elg1 RFC-like complex
+
+
+ A pentameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and has roles in telomere length regulation and other aspects of genome stability. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Elg1p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.
+ Elg1-RLC
+ Elg1-RFC
+ RFC (Elg1)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of prostaglandin synthesis
+ regulation of prostaglandin anabolism
+ regulation of prostaglandin formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of prostaglandin anabolism
+ negative regulation of prostaglandin formation
+ inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of prostaglandin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
+ down regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis
+ down-regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of prostaglandin synthesis
+ positive regulation of prostaglandin anabolism
+ stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of prostaglandin formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandin.
+ activation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bursicon neuropeptide hormone complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A neuropeptide hormone secreted by the central nervous system of insects that stimulates the tanning and sclerotization of the adult cuticle following eclosion. The active hormone consists of an obligate heterodimer of the alpha and beta subunits.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein ubiquitination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin moieties to a protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein ubiquitination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of protein ubiquitination
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin moieties to a protein.
+ inhibition of protein ubiquitination
+ down-regulation of protein ubiquitination
+ down regulation of protein ubiquitination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein ubiquitination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of protein ubiquitination
+ up regulation of protein ubiquitination
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin moieties to a protein.
+ upregulation of protein ubiquitination
+ stimulation of protein ubiquitination
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of protein ubiquitination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein modification process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein modification process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of protein modification
+ down-regulation of protein modification
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of protein modification
+ downregulation of protein modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein modification process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of protein modification
+ stimulation of protein modification
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of protein modification
+ upregulation of protein modification
+ activation of protein modification
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid residues within a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxylipin metabolic process
+
+ oxylipin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxylipin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ oxylipin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ oxylipin synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any oxylipin, any of a group of biologically active compounds formed by oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
+ oxylipin formation
+ oxylipin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic vesicle
+
+
+
+ A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gas vesicle
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps. By regulating their relative gas vesicle content aquatic microbes are able to perform vertical migrations.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gas vesicle organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a gas vesicle. A gas vesicle is a hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps.
+ gas vesicle biosynthesis
+ gas vesicle organisation and biogenesis
+ gas vesicle organization and biogenesis
+ gas vesicle formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of buoyancy
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates an organism's tendency or ability to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air, often through the use of stored gases.
+ buoyancy regulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein acetyltransferase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ NAT complex
+ A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NatA complex
+
+ A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an N-terminal Ser, Ala, Gly, or Thr residue of a protein acceptor molecule. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat1p and Ard1p, and may contain additional proteins.
+ N-terminal acetyltransferase A complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NatB complex
+
+ A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Glu, Met-Asp, Met-Asn, or Met-Met N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat3p and Mdm20p.
+ N-terminal acetyltransferase B complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NatC complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ N-terminal acetyltransferase C complex
+ A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Ile, Met-Leu, Met-Trp, or Met-Phe N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Mak3p, Mak10p, and Mak31p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ invertasome
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex formed by a recombinase, a regulatory protein, and the DNA sequences bound by each protein; catalyzes a reversible site-specific recombination reaction that results in the alternate expression of one or more genes in various contexts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RecQ helicase-Topo III complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Sgs1-Top3 complex
+ A complex containing a RecQ family helicase and a topoisomerase III homologue; may also include one or more additional proteins; conserved from E. coli to human.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratinization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast RNA processing
+
+ The conversion of a primary RNA molecule transcribed from a chloroplast genome into one or more mature RNA molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polycistronic mRNA processing
+
+ The conversion of a primary mRNA transcript containing more than one complete protein-coding region into individual mature mRNA molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to methotrexate
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methotrexate stimulus. Methotrexate is 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, a folic acid analogue that is a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ box C/D snoRNP complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nucleolar RNA of the box C/D type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ box H/ACA snoRNP complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nucleolar RNA of the box H/ACA type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ M band
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Sarcomere
+ M line
+ mesophragma
+ cellular_component
+ midline
+ M disc
+ The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dbf4-dependent protein kinase complex
+
+
+ DDK
+ Hsk1-Dfp1 kinase complex
+ A heterodimeric protein complex required for the activation of DNA replication origins; comprises a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (in Saccharomyces, Cdc7p and Dbf4p, respectively); complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins related to the Saccharomyces proteins.
+ Cdc7-Dbf4 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BRCA1-BARD1 complex
+
+ A heterodimeric complex comprising BRCA1 and BARD1, which possesses ubiquitin ligase activity and is involved in genome maintenance, possibly by functioning in surveillance for DNA damage.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mRNA cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cleavage, any process by which a pre-mRNA or mRNA molecule is cleaved at specific sites or in a regulated manner.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mRNA cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of mRNA cleavage
+ inhibition of mRNA cleavage
+ down-regulation of mRNA cleavage
+ down regulation of mRNA cleavage
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cleavage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mRNA cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of mRNA cleavage
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of mRNA cleavage
+ activation of mRNA cleavage
+ upregulation of mRNA cleavage
+ stimulation of mRNA cleavage
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA cleavage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing, any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an mRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of mRNA 3'-end processing
+ downregulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.
+ down regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
+ down-regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
+ up-regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
+ upregulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
+ up regulation of mRNA 3'-end processing
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA 3'-end processing.
+ biological_process
+ activation of mRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
+
+ fast-twitch skeletal fibre contraction
+ A process whereby force is generated within fast-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The fast-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by fast time parameters, high force development and fatiguability.
+ biological_process
+ fast-twitch skeletal myofibre contraction
+ fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibre contraction
+ fast-twitch skeletal myofiber contraction
+ fast-twitch skeletal fiber contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibre contraction
+ A process whereby force is generated within slow-twitch skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The slow-twitch skeletal muscle is characterized by slow time parameters, low force development and resistance to fatigue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heterochromatin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or location of heterochromatin formation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ downregulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
+ down-regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ inhibition of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ activation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ up regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ positive regulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ upregulation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ negative regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ down-regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ inhibition of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
+ down regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fiber contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ positive regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ activation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ up-regulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+ upregulation of slow-twitch skeletal muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of heterochromatin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of heterochromatin formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin formation.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of heterochromatin formation
+ down-regulation of heterochromatin formation
+ inhibition of heterochromatin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heterochromatin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of heterochromatin formation
+ stimulation of heterochromatin formation
+ activation of heterochromatin formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heterochromatin formation.
+ up regulation of heterochromatin formation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of heterochromatin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of extent of heterochromatin formation
+
+ regulation of heterochromatin spreading
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the extent or location of heterochromatin formation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine betaine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.
+ N-trimethylglycine metabolic process
+ glycine betaine metabolism
+ N-trimethylglycine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine betaine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ glycine betaine anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ N-trimethylglycine biosynthetic process
+ glycine betaine formation
+ N-trimethylglycine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.
+ glycine betaine synthesis
+ glycine betaine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine betaine catabolic process
+
+
+ N-trimethylglycine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ N-trimethylglycine catabolic process
+ glycine betaine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine.
+ glycine betaine breakdown
+ glycine betaine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycine betaine transport
+
+ N-trimethylglycine transport
+ The directed movement of glycine betaine, N-trimethylglycine, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ cullin complex
+ Any ubiquitin ligase complex in which the catalytic core consists of a member of the cullin family and a RING domain protein; the core is associated with one or more additional proteins that confer substrate specificity.
+ CRL complex
+ cellular_component
+ cullin-RING ligase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ EC2S complex
+ CBC complex
+ SCF2 complex
+ cullin-RING ligase 2
+ cellular_component
+ VBC complex
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul2 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.
+ CDL2 complex
+ CRL2 complex
+ ECS complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ BC3B complex
+ BCR3 complex
+ CDL3 complex
+ CRL3 complex
+ cullin-RING ligase 3
+ cellular_component
+ SCF3 complex
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul3 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a BTB-domain-containing protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cul4A-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ CRL4 complex
+ VDC complex
+ CDL4 complex
+ SCF4 complex
+ cellular_component
+ DCX complex
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4A subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein.
+ cullin-RING ligase 4A
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cul4B-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ cullin-RING ligase 4B
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ CRL5 complex
+ cullin-RING ligase 5
+ cellular_component
+ EC2S complex
+ SCF5 complex
+ CDL5 complex
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul5 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cul7-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ SCF7 complex
+ cullin-RING ligase 7
+ CDL7 complex
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul7 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 linker and an F-box protein.
+ CRL7 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear envelope reassembly
+
+ The reformation of the nuclear envelope following its breakdown in the context of a normal process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyhedral organelle
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing metabolic enzymes whose purpose is the sequestration or concentration of metabolites and which has the appearance of a polygonal granule by electron microscopy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carboxysome
+
+ cellular_component
+ An organelle found in the Cyanobacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of carbon dioxide including mechanisms for the concentration of carbonate to increase the efficiency of fixation under low-carbon dioxide conditions.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Carboxysome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanolamine degradation polyhedral organelle
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of ethanolamine whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic acetaldehyde product of the enzyme ethanolamine ammonia lyase.
+ ethanolamine metabolosome
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propanediol degradation polyhedral organelle
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of 1,2-propanediol whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic propionaldehyde product of the enzyme diol dehydratase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin IV complex
+
+ A myosin complex containing one or more class IV myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin IV is relatively uncharacterized, but is predicted to have a single motor domain, one IQ motif and a tail with a Myosin Tail Homology (myTH4) domain homologous to that in the tails of myosins VII and XV.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin V complex
+
+ A myosin complex containing a dimer of class V myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; involved in intracellular transport. Myosin V is a dimeric molecule consisting of conserved motor domains followed by 6 IQ motifs which bind specific light chains and calmodulin. The tail domain is important for cellular localization and cargo binding and can be divided into an alpha-helical coiled coil region and a C-terminal globular region.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin VI complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VI has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain; a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin VII complex
+
+ A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VII (240 kDa) is predicted to be a dimeric molecule with 5 IQ motifs and a tail region with a short stretch of coiled coil followed by two myosin-tail homology (MyTH4) domains, two talin-binding (FERM) domains and an SH3-domain.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin VIII complex
+
+ A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VIII is predicted to be dimeric, and contain an unusual 100-190 residue N-terminal extension prior to their motor domains, 3-4 IQ motifs, a short region (~70 residues) of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil and a C-terminal domain.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin IX complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A myosin complex containing a class IX myosin heavy chain and associated light chains. Myosin IX is monomeric with a motor domain containing an N-terminal extension and an insert in the actin binding interface, followed by four to six IQ motifs and a tail region that contains a zinc binding motif and a domain with homology to GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the Rho family of G-proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin X complex
+
+ A myosin complex containing one or more class X myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin XI complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A myosin complex containing a dimer of class XI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin XI heavy chain sizes are similar in molecular structure to the class V myosins with 5 to 6 IQ motifs and tail regions with predicted coiled coil domains (forming dimeric molecules) and large C-terminal regions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin XII complex
+
+ A myosin complex containing one or more class XII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin XII contains a large tail region with two MyTH4 domains and a short region of coiled coil.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin XIII complex
+
+ A myosin complex containing one or more class XIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin XIV complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A myosin complex containing a class XIV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XIV heavy chains are the simplest known, containing a motor domain, no classic IQ motif and variable length tails.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin XV complex
+
+ A myosin complex containing a class XV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains. Myosin XV is single headed, and has a large extension (1200aa) at the N-terminus of the motor domain, two IQ motifs and a tail with a similar domain structure to that of the tail of myosin VII.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin XVI complex
+
+ A myosin complex containing a class XVI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin XVI heavy chains contain ankyrin repeat.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin XVII complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A myosin complex containing one or more class XVII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin XVIII complex
+
+ A myosin complex containing a class XVIII myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XVIII heavy chains contain an N-terminal PDZ domain.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mating type switching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching, the conversion of a single-cell organism from one mating type to another by the precise replacement of a DNA sequence at the expressed mating type locus with a copy of a sequence from a donor locus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mating type switching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of mating type switching
+ down regulation of mating type switching
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of mating type switching
+ downregulation of mating type switching
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mating type switching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of mating type switching
+ activation of mating type switching
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mating type switching.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of mating type switching
+ stimulation of mating type switching
+ upregulation of mating type switching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The assembly of DNA, histone proteins, and other associated proteins into chromatin structure, beginning with the formation of the basic unit, the nucleosome, followed by organization of the nucleosomes into higher order structures, ultimately giving rise to a complex organization of specific domains within the nucleus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin disassembly
+
+
+ The controlled breakdown of chromatin from a higher order structure into its simpler subcomponents, DNA, histones, and other proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TRAMP complex
+
+
+ Trf4 complex
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:TRAMP_complex
+ A multiprotein complex, which in yeast consists of Trf4p, Air1p or Air2p and Mtr4p. This nuclear RNA surveillance and quality control complex is involved in the distributive polyadenylation of substrates that include: hypomodified and incorrectly folded tRNAs, snoRNA precursors and rRNA precursors. It is also required for the degradative activity of the nuclear exosome in vivo.
+ Trf4p-Air2p-Mtr4p polyadenylation complex
+ Trf4 poly(A) polymerase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tea1 cell-end complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A high molecular weight complex characterized in S. pombe containing the cell-end anchoring protein Tea1. This complex is transported to the cell ends by microtubules and is involved in bipolar growth and the maintennce of normal cell polarity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannosyltransferase complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ A complex that posseses mannosyltransferase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity; usually includes members of the PMT1 and PMT2 protein subfamilies.
+ protein O-mannosyltransferase complex
+ cellular_component
+ PMT family mannosyltransferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein complex localization
+
+ establishment and maintenance of protein complex localization
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which a protein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan-based cell wall organization
+
+ peptidoglycan-based cell wall organization and biogenesis
+ cell wall organisation and biogenesis (sensu Bacteria)
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall organization and biogenesis (sensu Bacteria)
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the peptidoglycan-based cell wall; as in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal-type cell wall organization
+
+ fungal-type cell wall organization and biogenesis
+ cell wall organisation and biogenesis (sensu Fungi)
+ cell wall organization and biogenesis (sensu Fungi)
+ chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall organization and biogenesis
+ beta-glucan-containing cell wall organization and biogenesis
+ chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ chitin-containing cell wall organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall glycoprotein biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall glycoprotein anabolism
+ cell wall glycoprotein synthesis
+ biological_process
+ cell wall glycoprotein biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall glycoproteins, any cell wall protein that contains covalently bound sugar residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid.
+ cell wall glycoprotein formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterochromatin formation
+
+
+ The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form that is often, but not always, transcriptionally silent.
+ biological_process
+ heterochromatin assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centromeric heterochromatin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin near the centromere.
+ centromeric heterochromatin assembly
+ biological_process
+ centromeric heterochromatin biosynthesis
+ centric heterochromatin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomeric heterochromatin formation
+
+ The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin at the telomere.
+ biological_process
+ telomeric heterochromatin assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SUMO activating enzyme complex
+
+
+ A conserved heterodimeric complex with SUMO activating enzyme activity.
+ SAE
+ cellular_component
+ SUMO E1 activator enzyme complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mis6-Sim4 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mis6 centromere subcomplex
+ cellular_component
+ Sim4 complex
+ A protein complex that forms part of the inner centromere, which is involved in the loading of the centromeric histone h3 variant CENP-A onto centromeres and in centromere specific heterochromatin formation. The complex contains about 12 proteins, of which two are known as Mis6 and Sim4 in S. pombe and CENP-I and CENP-H in human.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motile primary cilium
+
+ cellular_component
+ A specialized primary cilium that contains a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubules, radial spokes, and a dynein apparatus, but no inner doublet microtubules. Motile primary cilia display a distinct twirling motion that directs fluid flow asymmetrically across the cellular surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nonmotile primary cilium
+
+ cellular_component
+ An immotile primary cilium that may be missing the central pair of microtubules, or the central pair of microtubules and outer dynein arms. Some primary cilia also have altered arrangements of outer microtubules (fewer than nine and/or not always present as doublets). Nonmotile primary cilia typically function as sensory organelles that concentrate and organize sensory signaling molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motile secondary cilium
+
+ A cilium that consists of a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, radial spokes, and a dynein apparatus. Motile cilia, found on cells that line the lumenal ducts of various tissues, beat with a characteristic whip-like pattern that promotes cell motility or transport of fluids and other cells across a cell surface.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA (m1A) methyltransferase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Gcd10p and Gcd14p, while in bacteria and archaea it is a homotetramer.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CBF3 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A multisubunit protein complex that binds to centromeric DNA and initiates kinetochore assembly. In yeast, this complex consists of four subunits, namely Ctf13p, Skp1p, Cep3p and Cbf2p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PcG protein complex
+
+
+ A chromatin-associated multiprotein complex containing Polycomb Group proteins. In Drosophila, Polycomb group proteins are involved in the long-term maintenance of gene repression, and PcG protein complexes associate with Polycomb group response elements (PREs) in target genes to regulate higher-order chromatin structure.
+ goslim_pir
+ Polycomb Group protein complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane of cell tip
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spitzenkorper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Structure within the hyphal tip of filamentous fungi that acts as an organizing center for hyphal tip growth; may function to supply vesicles to the elongating tip and/or to organize cytoskeletal microfilaments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell envelope Sec protein transport complex
+
+
+ plasma membrane Sec complex
+ Sec translocation complex
+ Sec secretion complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ A transmembrane protein complex involved in the translocation of proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. In Gram-negative bacteria, Sec-translocated proteins are subsequently secreted via the type II, IV, or V secretion systems. Sec complex components include SecA, D, E, F, G, Y and YajC.
+ Sec complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term represents the protein complex involved in transport of proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. For proteins involved in bacterial Type II secretion across the outer membrane, consider annotating to 'type II protein secretion complex ; GO:0015628'. For proteins involved in Sec-complex dependent translocation into the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum, consider annotating to 'Sec-complex associated translocon complex ; GO:0031206'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Myb complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Myeloblastosis proto-oncogene protein complex
+ A multisubunit complex consisting of Myb and other proteins that regulates site specific DNA replication, gene amplification and transcriptional repression.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ menthol metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol.
+ biological_process
+ menthol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ menthol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ menthol formation
+ biological_process
+ menthol anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of menthol, the monoterpene 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol.
+ menthol synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ menthol biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brush border membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the brush border.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ filopodium membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a filopodium.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microvillus membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ruffle organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell.
+ ruffle organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin cytoskeleton reorganization
+
+ GO:0007012
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
+ actin cytoskeleton remodeling
+ biological_process
+ actin cytoskeleton reorganisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA capping enzyme complex
+
+
+ mRNA (guanine-N7) methyltransferase complex
+ cellular_component
+ mRNA cap methyltransferase complex
+ A protein complex that consists of an RNA 5' triphosphatase and a guanyl transferase (Cet1p and Ceg1p in S. cerevisiae; Pct1 and Ceg1 in S. pombe) and is involved in mRNA capping.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ minus-end directed microtubule sliding
+
+ The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the minus ends of the microtubules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plus-end directed microtubule sliding
+
+ The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule, where the motion is directed towards the plus ends of the microtubules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of exit from mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of exit from mitosis
+ up regulation of exit from mitosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).
+ activation of exit from mitosis
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of exit from mitosis
+ upregulation of exit from mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of anthocyanin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
+ negative regulation of anthocyanin metabolism
+ down-regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
+ downregulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of anthocyanin metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
+ up-regulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of anthocyanin metabolism
+ stimulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
+ activation of anthocyanin metabolic process
+ upregulation of anthocyanin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of anthocyanin formation
+ regulation of anthocyanin synthesis
+ regulation of anthocyanin anabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.
+ regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.
+ down regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of anthocyanin formation
+ negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis
+ inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of anthocyanin synthesis
+ negative regulation of anthocyanin anabolism
+ down-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of anthocyanin synthesis
+ positive regulation of anthocyanin anabolism
+ positive regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis
+ stimulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of anthocyanin formation
+ upregulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of anthocyanins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+ BDNF signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ BDNF receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of BDNF receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.
+ regulation of BDNF receptor signaling pathway
+ regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of BDNF receptor signalling pathway
+ down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.
+ inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway
+ down regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of BDNF receptor signaling pathway
+ downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+ activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of BDNF receptor signalling pathway
+ up regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway.
+ upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of BDNF receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity.
+ regulation of BDNF receptor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of BDNF receptor activity
+ downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity.
+ down regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+ down-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+ inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+
+ activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity.
+ upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+ up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+ positive regulation of BDNF receptor activity
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+ stimulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent, or location of transcription termination. Transcription termination is the process by which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcriptional attenuation
+
+ Wikipedia:Attenuator_(genetics)
+ biological_process
+ Regulation of transcription through variation in where transcription termination occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcriptional attenuation by ribosome
+
+ A type of transcriptional regulation at the level of early termination. This process can occur only in prokaryotes, where transcription of an operon into messenger RNA and translation of that mRNA into polypeptides occur simultaneously. The general principle is that alternative mRNA secondary structures occur under different physiological conditions such as available amount of a particular amino acid. One set of conditions favors early termination of transcription. In the classic example of the trp biosynthesis operon, translation of the gene for a short, trp-containing polypeptide called the trp operon leader peptide pauses either at a trp codon (if tryptophan is scarce) or the stop codon (if trp is readily available). In the former situation transcription continues, but in the latter a Rho-independent terminator forms and reduces, or attenuates, expression of the tryptophan biosynthesis genes. Although the polypeptides encoded by leader peptide genes appear not to be stable once their translation is complete, it is suggested by recent studies that their nascent polypeptide chains interact specifically with ribosomes, specific uncharged tRNAs, or other cellular components to inhibit release at the stop codon and improve the function of transcriptional attenuation as a regulatory switch.
+ ribosome-mediated transcriptional
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of programmed cell death in response to chemical stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ induction of programmed cell death in response to chemical substance
+ A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death as a result of a chemical stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ induction of apoptosis in response to chemical substance
+ Any process that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis as a result of a chemical stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud neck polarisome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the neck of a fungal bud before and during cytokinesis.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud tip polarisome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal bud.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyphal tip polarisome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal hypha.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating projection tip polarisome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription antitermination
+
+ biological_process
+ transcriptional readthrough
+ Regulation of transcription by a mechanism that allows RNA polymerase to continue transcription beyond a termination site.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis checkpoint
+
+
+ contractile ring checkpoint
+ A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures the correct temporal ordering of nuclear division and cytokinesis; arrests the cell cycle in G2 upon perturbation of cytokinetic structures. In Schizosaccharomyces, the checkpoint monitors formation and integrity of medial actomyosin ring and septum.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile ring maintenance involved in cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby the contractile ring is maintained in response to the cytokinesis checkpoint; that is when cytokinesis is delayed awaiting completion of nuclear division or the correct formation of cytokinetic structures.
+ biological_process
+ cytokinesis, contractile ring maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell size control checkpoint
+
+ Any cell cycle checkpoint that delays or arrests cell cycle progression until cells have reached a critical size.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G1/S transition size control checkpoint
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase until cells have reached a critical size.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G2/M transition size control checkpoint
+
+
+ A cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase until cells have reached a critical size.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA integrity checkpoint
+
+ biological_process
+ Any cell cycle checkpoint that delays or arrests cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G1 DNA damage checkpoint
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle checkpoint that arrests cell cycle progression G1 phase in response to DNA damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase in response to DNA damage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intra-S DNA damage checkpoint
+
+ biological_process
+ The slowing of DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progession.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-M checkpoint
+
+
+ A cell cycle checkpoint which halts replication in response to nucleotide depletion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G1/S transition checkpoint
+
+ biological_process
+ Any cell cycle checkpoint that blocks entry into S phase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G2/M transition checkpoint
+
+ biological_process
+ G2/M checkpoint
+ Any cell cycle checkpoint that blocks entry into M phase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle checkpoint
+
+ A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Spindle_checkpoint
+ spindle assembly checkpoint
+ SAC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint
+
+
+ SPOC
+ SOC
+ spindle position checkpoint
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle checkpoint that monitors and signals errors in the placement or orientation of the spindle in the cell. The result is a cell cycle delay, usually in mitosis, until errors are corrected.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane raft organization
+
+ lipid raft organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ membrane raft organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of membrane rafts, small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane raft distribution
+
+
+ lipid raft distribution
+ biological_process
+ The process that establishes the spatial arrangement of membrane rafts within a cellular membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemidesmosome assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ Assembly of hemidesmosomes, integrin-containing protein complexes that bind to laminin in the basal lamina. Hemidesmosomes form the contact between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the underlying basal lamina.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication fork arrest at rDNA repeats
+
+
+ biological_process
+ replication fork blocking at rDNA repeats
+ A process that impedes the progress of the DNA replication fork at natural replication fork pausing sites within the eukaryotic rDNA repeat spacer.
+ replication fork arrest at ribosomal DNA repeats
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phospholipase D activity by G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+
+
+ G-protein signalling, phospholipase D activating pathway
+ A G-protein coupled signaling pathway that results in the activation of phospholipase D, causing an increase in cellular levels of phosphatidic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phospholipase D activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that initiates the activity of inactive phospholipase D.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor activity
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the IP3 receptor.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IP3 receptor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor activity
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of IP3 receptor activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the IP3 receptor.
+ downregulation of IP3 receptor activity
+ inhibition of IP3 receptor activity
+ negative regulation of IP3 receptor activity
+ down regulation of IP3 receptor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor activity
+
+
+
+ up regulation of IP3 receptor activity
+ up-regulation of IP3 receptor activity
+ upregulation of IP3 receptor activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the IP3 receptor.
+ activation of IP3 receptor activity
+ stimulation of IP3 receptor activity
+ positive regulation of IP3 receptor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AMP-activated protein kinase complex
+
+
+ Snf1 kinase complex
+ 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that possesses AMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
+ Snf1 serine/threonine protein kinase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-substrate adhesion
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wybutosine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
+ yW metabolic process
+ yW metabolism
+ biological_process
+ wybutosine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wybutosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that wybutosine is a hypermodified G-residue, formerly called the Y-base, and its derivatives are exclusively found at position 37 (anticodon loop) of tRNAPhe.
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wybutosine, 3H-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine-7-butanoic acid, 4,9-dihydro- alpha-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]- 4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo- 3-beta-D-ribofuranosyl methyl ester, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
+ yW biosynthesis
+ yW biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centrosomal corona
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ An amorphous structure surrounding the core of the centrosome, from which microtubules are nucleated; contains gamma-tubulin.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the centrosomal corona has been observed in Dictyostelium, and is the functional equivalent of pericentriolar material.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromuscular junction
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Neuromuscular_junction
+ The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a post-synaptic potential responsible of the muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear proteasome complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A proteasome found in the nucleus of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER proteasome complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A proteasome found in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic proteasome complex
+
+
+ A proteasome complex found in the cytosol of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+ cytosolic proteasome complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear proteasome regulatory particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER proteasome regulatory particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle (sensu Eukaryota)
+ A multisubunit complex located in the cytosol of a cell, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes, unfolds ubiquitinated proteins and translocates them to the proteasome core complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear proteasome core complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER proteasome core complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic proteasome core complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic proteasome core complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+ The core complex of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The subunits forming the outer ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The subunits forming the outer ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two outer rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex.
+ cytosolic proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The subunits forming the inner ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The subunits forming the inner ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+ The proteasome core subcomplex that constitutes the two inner rings of the cytosolic proteasome core complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associate with the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associate with the core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex located in the cytosol of the cell.
+ cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The subunits that form the peripheral lid of the regulatory particle of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The subunits that form the peripheral lid of the regulatory particle of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ The subcomplex of the cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, which is added on top of the base subcomplex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole centrosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A centrosome from which one pole of a mitotic or meiotic spindle is organized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NMS complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A supercomplex formed by the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) with additional proteins at the kinetochores of condensed nuclear chromosomes.
+ Ndc80-MIND-Spc7 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear centromeric heterochromatin
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A region of heterochromatin located near the centromere of a chromosome in the nucleus.
+ nuclear centric heterochromatin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homologous chromosome orientation during meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby the sister centromeres of one chromosome attach to microtubules that emanate from the same spindle pole, which ensures that homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes are pulled in opposite directions at anaphase of meiosis I.
+ biological_process
+ homologous chromosome orientation during meiosis I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fever
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pyrexia
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of fever.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fever
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of fever.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of fever
+ inhibition of fever
+ downregulation of fever
+ down regulation of fever
+ negative regulation of pyrexia
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fever
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of fever
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of pyrexia
+ activation of fever
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fever.
+ up-regulation of fever
+ upregulation of fever
+ stimulation of fever
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor internalization
+
+
+ The process by which cell surface receptors are monoubiquitinated following ligand-induced activation, and subsequently taken up into endocytic vesicles and targeted to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation; serves as a mechanism to downregulate receptor signaling.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomeric loop formation
+
+ biological_process
+ t-loop formation
+ t-loop biosynthesis
+ The process by which linear telomeric DNA is remodeled into duplex loops, by the invasion of a 3' single-stranded overhang into the duplex region.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Fusion of the membrane of a synaptic vesicle with its target presynaptic membrane, thereby releasing its cargo neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
+ synaptic vesicle internalization
+ synaptic vesicle fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+ down regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.
+ inhibition of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+ down-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+ biological_process
+ activation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+ upregulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+ up-regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.
+ stimulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthophore
+
+ Note that this term refers to a subcellular structure, and should not be confused with the specialized cells known as xanthophores, which produce yellow pigment and are found in fish and amphibian skin. Note that several terms in the biological process ontology ('xanthophore differentiation ; GO:0050936' and its children) refer to xanthophores in the sense of pigment-producing cells.
+ cellular_component
+ A chromatophore containing yellow pigment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by opioid receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ opioid receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an opioid receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP.
+ inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by opioid receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity in response to neurotrophin
+
+ The process by which a neurotrophic factor induces neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
+ biological_process
+ neurotrophin-induced neuronal synaptic plasticity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zymogen activation
+
+ biological_process
+ The proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasminogen activation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby plasminogen is processed to plasmin. This process includes both the cleavage of plasminogen between Arg560-Val561 to form plasmin and cleavage at Arg310 by plasmin or trypsin to result in the final two-chain form of plasmin held together by disulfide bonds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ killing of cells of another organism
+
+
+ Any process in an organism that results in the killing of cells of another organism, including in some cases the death of the other organism. Killing here refers to the induction of death in one cell by another cell, not cell-autonomous death due to internal or other environmental conditions.
+ GO:0001908
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ killing of cells of another, non-host, organism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myelination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myelination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of myelination
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of myelination
+ downregulation of myelination
+ down regulation of myelination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myelination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of myelination
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of myelination
+ activation of myelination
+ stimulation of myelination
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
+ up regulation of myelination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neurological system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
+ regulation of neurological process
+ regulation of neurophysiological process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neurological system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of neurological process
+ inhibition of neurological process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of neurophysiological process
+ negative regulation of neurological process
+ downregulation of neurological process
+ down regulation of neurological process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neurological system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neurophysiological process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process.
+ up regulation of neurological process
+ stimulation of neurological process
+ activation of neurological process
+ up-regulation of neurological process
+ positive regulation of neurological process
+ upregulation of neurological process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein stability
+
+
+ Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein by altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein destabilization
+
+ negative regulation of protein stability
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heat generation
+
+ Any homeostatic process by which an organism produces heat, thereby raising its internal temperature.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heat generation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heat generation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of heat generation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of heat generation
+ inhibition of heat generation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of heat generation.
+ downregulation of heat generation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of heat generation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heat generation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of heat generation
+ activation of heat generation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of heat generation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat generation.
+ stimulation of heat generation
+ up regulation of heat generation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heat dissipation
+
+ biological_process
+ Any homeostatic process by which an organism releases excess heat to the environment, thereby lowering its internal temperature.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heat dissipation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heat dissipation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of heat dissipation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of heat dissipation.
+ downregulation of heat dissipation
+ down regulation of heat dissipation
+ down-regulation of heat dissipation
+ inhibition of heat dissipation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heat dissipation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of heat dissipation
+ up regulation of heat dissipation
+ up-regulation of heat dissipation
+ upregulation of heat dissipation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of heat dissipation.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of heat dissipation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity during G1/S
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G1/S-specific regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity during G1/S
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+ G1/S-specific downregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G1/S-specific down-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G1/S-specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G1/S-specific down regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G1/S-specific negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity during G1/S
+
+
+ G1/S-specific activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G1/S-specific stimulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G1/S-specific upregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G1/S-specific up regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G1/S-specific up-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G1/S-specific positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity during G2/M
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+ G2/M-specific regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity during G2/M
+
+
+ G2/M-specific down-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G2/M-specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G2/M-specific downregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G2/M-specific negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G2/M-specific down regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity during G2/M
+
+
+ biological_process
+ G2/M-specific up regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G2/M-specific activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle.
+ G2/M-specific stimulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G2/M-specific upregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G2/M-specific positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ G2/M-specific up-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ LPS-mediated signaling pathway
+ lipopolysaccharide-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of LPS-mediated signaling pathway
+ regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+ inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.
+ negative regulation of LPS-mediated signaling pathway
+ downregulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide.
+ stimulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of LPS-mediated signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+ up regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+ activation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to nutrient levels
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to extracellular stimulus
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an extracellular stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to nutrient levels
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to nutrient
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary cell septum biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a primary cell septum is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together following nuclear division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A band
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Q disc
+ A disc
+ cellular_component
+ transverse disc
+ The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.
+ Wikipedia:Sarcomere
+ anisotropic disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ H zone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Sarcomere
+ cellular_component
+ H band
+ A relatively pale zone traversing the center of the A band of a sarcomere, visible in relaxed muscle fibers; consists of the central portion of thick (myosin) filaments that are not overlapped by thin (actin) filaments.
+ H disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ I band
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ J disc
+ isotropic disc
+ A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z disc, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.
+ I disc
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Sarcomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane-derived thylakoid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The pigmented membrane of a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.
+ plasma membrane thylakoid membrane
+ thylakoid membrane (sensu Cyanobacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex
+
+
+ heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit
+ G-beta/G-gamma complex
+ The heterodimer formed by the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein, which dissociates from the alpha subunit upon guanine nuclotide exchange.
+ cellular_component
+ See also the cellular component term 'heterotrimeric G-protein complex ; GO:0005834'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterotrimeric G-protein complex cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular events that generate a signal through the activation of G-protein subunits and recycling of these subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex formed by the stable binding of a haptoglobin to hemoglobin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process that prevents non-homologous end joining at telomere, thereby ensuring that telomeres do not fuse.
+ protection from NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomeric 3' overhang formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of the single stranded telomeric 3' overhang, a conserved feature that ranges in length from 12 nt in budding yeast to approximately 500 nt in humans.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid particle transport along microtubule
+
+ The directed movement of a lipid particle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tic complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The translocon of the inner envelope of chloroplasts, which facilitates the import of proteins across the chloroplast inner membrane.
+ chloroplast inner membrane translocase complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromoplast envelope
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chromoplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromoplast inner membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope; also faces the chromoplast stroma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromoplast outer membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early endosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ late endosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microbody membrane
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a microbody.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosome lumen
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early endosome lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of an early endosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ late endosome lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of a late endosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microbody lumen
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the membranes of a microbody.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyoxysomal lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membranes of a glyoxysome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytostome
+
+ cellular_component
+ Stable, specialized structure for the ingestion of food by the cell into phagosomes.
+ Wikipedia:Cytostome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoproct
+
+ cellular_component
+ Stable, specialized structure for extrusion of waste by the cell into the surrounding medium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oral apparatus
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term refers to a subcellular structure characteristic of ciliate protozoans, and should not be confused with oral anatomical structures of multicellular animals.
+ Complex basket- or funnel-like structure used by the cell to collect food and channel it to the cytostome; includes specialized sub-structures made up of closely-spaced cilia and underlying basal bodies and fibrillar systems.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile vacuole pore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Stable structure that regulates the flow of liquid between the contractile vacuole and the surrounding medium.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptic plasticity
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of synaptic plasticity
+ downregulation of synaptic plasticity
+ A process that decreases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
+ inhibition of synaptic plasticity
+ down-regulation of synaptic plasticity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic plasticity
+
+ up regulation of synaptic plasticity
+ up-regulation of synaptic plasticity
+ upregulation of synaptic plasticity
+ activation of synaptic plasticity
+ stimulation of synaptic plasticity
+ A process that increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
+
+ A process that modulates synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
+
+
+ A process that decreases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
+ inhibition of synaptic metaplasticity
+ down-regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
+ downregulation of synaptic metaplasticity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
+
+
+ stimulation of synaptic metaplasticity
+ A process that increases synaptic metaplasticity. Metaplasticity is a higher-order form of plasticity and is manifest as a change in the ability to induce subsequent synaptic plasticity that is the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
+ up-regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
+ up regulation of synaptic metaplasticity
+ activation of synaptic metaplasticity
+ upregulation of synaptic metaplasticity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin B6 transport
+
+ The directed movement of any of the vitamin B6 compounds -- pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate -- into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxal transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of pyridoxal into, out of, within or between cells. Pyridoxal, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxal phosphate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of pyridoxal phosphate into, out of, within or between cells; pyridoxal phosphate is pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, and is the active form of vitamin B6.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxamine transport
+
+ The directed movement of pyridoxamine into, out of, within or between cells. Pyridoxamine, 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of pyridoxine into, out of, within or between cells. Pyridoxine, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, is one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TOR signaling pathway
+
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'torso signaling pathway ; GO:0008293', although torso is abbreviated 'tor'.
+ target of rapamycin signalling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors.
+ target of rapamycin signaling pathway
+ TOR signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial signaling pathway
+
+ retrograde response
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals that forms a pathway of communication from the mitochondria to the nucleus and initiates cellular changes in response to changes in mitochondrial function.
+ mitochondrial signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TORC1 complex
+
+
+ nutrient sensitive complex
+ A protein complex that contains the TOR (target of rapamycin) serine/threonine kinase and mediates temporal control of cell growth via regulation of translation, transcription, ribosome biogenesis, nutrient transport, and autophagy. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Kog1p, Lst8p, Tco89p, and either Tor1p or Tor2p; in mammals the complex contains orthologs of the yeast proteins.
+ TOR complex 1
+ TORC 1 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TORC2 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ TORC 2 complex
+ A protein complex that contains the TOR (target of rapamycin) serine/threonine kinase and mediates spatial control of cell growth via regulation of actin cytoskeleton polarization. In Saccharomyces, the complex contains Avo1p, Avo2p, Tsc11p, Lst8p, Bit61p, Slm1p, Slm2p, and Tor2p; in mammals the complex contains orthologs of the yeast proteins.
+ TOR complex 2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomeric heterochromatin
+
+ cellular_component
+ Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating-type region heterochromatin
+
+ Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chromatin silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heterochromatic silencing
+ biological_process
+ Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of chromatin silencing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chromatin silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of heterochromatic silencing
+ downregulation of chromatin silencing
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing.
+ down-regulation of chromatin silencing
+ down regulation of chromatin silencing
+ inhibition of chromatin silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chromatin silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of chromatin silencing
+ activation of chromatin silencing
+ positive regulation of heterochromatic silencing
+ up regulation of chromatin silencing
+ stimulation of chromatin silencing
+ up-regulation of chromatin silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heterochromatic silencing at telomere
+ biological_process
+ Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of chromatin silencing at telomeres.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing at telomeres.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
+ down regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
+ negative regulation of heterochromatic silencing at telomere
+ inhibition of chromatin silencing at telomere
+ downregulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
+ positive regulation of heterochromatic silencing at telomere
+ stimulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
+ up regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin silencing at telomeres.
+ up-regulation of chromatin silencing at telomere
+ activation of chromatin silencing at telomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ filamentous actin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term refers only to the actin portion of a microfilament, and does not encompass associated proteins. See also the cellular component term 'actin filament ; GO:0005884'.
+ cellular_component
+ A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin.
+ F-actin
+ Wikipedia:Actin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ i-AAA complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose catalytic residues lie on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial protein turnover. Contains a subunit belonging to the AAA family of ATP-dependent metalloproteases.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.
+ regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+ down regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+ negative regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.
+ down-regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucocorticoids.
+ up-regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+ upregulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+ stimulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+ up regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism
+ activation of glucocorticoid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucocorticoids.
+ activation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of glucocorticoid biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.
+ downregulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+ down regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+ inhibition of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glucocorticoids.
+ up-regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+ stimulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+ up regulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ activation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+ upregulation of glucocorticoid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+ down regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
+ inhibition of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
+ activation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+ upregulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+ up-regulation of protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corticosteroid receptor signaling pathway
+
+ corticosteroid receptor signalling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a corticosteroid binding to its receptor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway
+
+ mineralocorticoid receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a mineralocorticoid binding to its receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to corticosteroid stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle envelope
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing in a cellular organelle, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chloroplast and form the chloroplast envelope.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Chloroplast_membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle envelope lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope.
+ organelle intermembrane space
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast intermembrane space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ chloroplast envelope lumen
+ The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chloroplast envelope.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromoplast intermembrane space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chromoplast envelope.
+ cellular_component
+ chromoplast envelope lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane-enclosed lumen
+
+ The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes. Encompasses the volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear envelope lumen.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ envelope
+
+ A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer; also includes the space between layers.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid thylakoid
+
+
+
+ Any thylakoid within a plastid.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thylakoid lumen
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by a thylakoid membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid thylakoid lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by a plastid thylakoid membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane-derived thylakoid lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane thylakoid lumen
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by a plasma membrane-derived thylakoid.
+ thylakoid lumen (sensu Cyanobacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial lumen
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the mitochondrial inner membrane.
+ Consider also annotating to the cellular component term 'mitochondrial matrix ; GO:0005759'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear lumen
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Vesicle_(biology)
+ Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane or protein.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane or protein that forms a vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle subcompartment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term refers to membrane-bounded compartments that are not considered organelles in their own right, but form parts of larger organelles.
+ cellular_component
+ suborganelle compartment
+ A compartment that consists of a lumen and an enclosing membrane, and is part of an organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi cisterna
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any of the thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteinoplast
+
+ cellular_component
+ A leucoplast in which protein is stored.
+ Wikipedia:Proteinoplast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ locomotion involved in locomotory behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement.
+ biological_process
+ locomotion during locomotory behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane-bounded vesicle
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
+ membrane-enclosed vesicle
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bombesin receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ bombesin receptor signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a bombesin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA export from nucleus during heat stress
+
+
+ The directed movement of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for the organism; in particular, a process that enables an organism withstand exposure to temperatures that would otherwise lethally impair poly(A)+ mRNA-nucleus export.
+ biological_process
+ mRNA export from cell nucleus during heat stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of contractile ring contraction involved in cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of contraction of the actomyosin ring involved in cytokinesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid bbeta-oxidation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+ inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
+ down-regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+ down regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+ biological_process
+ activation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid beta-oxidation.
+ up-regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+ stimulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+ up regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-28 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ IL-28 receptor complex
+ A protein complex that binds interleukin-28 and interleukin-29. Composed of two subunits, IL-28R alpha and IL-10R beta.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals that bring about the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to a cue, such as starvation or pheromone exposure, in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TOR signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TOR signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the TOR signaling pathway.
+ regulation of target of rapamycin signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ regulation of target of rapamycin signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TOR signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of TOR signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of TOR signalling pathway
+ down regulation of TOR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of TOR signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of target of rapamycin signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of target of rapamycin signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the TOR signaling pathway.
+ inhibition of TOR signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of TOR signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of target of rapamycin signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of target of rapamycin signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of TOR signalling pathway
+ up-regulation of TOR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of TOR signaling pathway
+ stimulation of TOR signaling pathway
+ activation of TOR signaling pathway
+ upregulation of TOR signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the TOR signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early phagosome
+
+ A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle as initially formed upon the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
+ cellular_component
+ early phagocytic vesicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagolysosome
+
+
+ late phagosome
+ late phagocytic vesicle
+ A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by maturation of an early phagosome following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; during maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes.
+ Wikipedia:Phagolysosome
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ARF protein signal transduction
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the ARF family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
+ downregulation of ARF protein signal transduction
+ down-regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.
+ inhibition of ARF protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of ARF protein signal transduction
+ upregulation of ARF protein signal transduction
+ up regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ARF protein signal transduction.
+ activation of ARF protein signal transduction
+ up-regulation of ARF protein signal transduction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.
+ down-regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
+ inhibition of Ran protein signal transduction
+ downregulation of Ran protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of Ran protein signal transduction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ran protein signal transduction.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
+ up-regulation of Ran protein signal transduction
+ upregulation of Ran protein signal transduction
+ stimulation of Ran protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial cloud
+
+
+ Balbiani body
+ A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ISG15-protein conjugation
+
+ The covalent addition to a protein of ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NELF complex
+
+ negative elongation factor complex
+ A complex of five proteins, designated NELF-A, -B, -C, -D, and -E in human, that can physically associate with RNP polymerase II to induce transcriptional pausing.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular pellicle formation
+
+ A process whereby microorganisms produce an extracellular matrix and form multicellular aggregates at an air-liquid interface.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trypsinogen activation
+
+ The proteolytic processing of trypsinogen to the active form, trypsin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of insulin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
+ up regulation of insulin secretion
+ biological_process
+ activation of insulin secretion
+ upregulation of insulin secretion
+ up-regulation of insulin secretion
+ stimulation of insulin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cobalt ion
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalt ion stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to magnesium ion
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a magnesium ion stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integrator complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that stably associates with the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and mediates 3'-end processing of small nuclear RNAs generated by RNA polymerase II.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ small-subunit processome
+
+ small subunit processome
+ cellular_component
+ A large ribonucleoprotein complex that is an early preribosomal complex. In S. cerevisiae, it has a size of 80S and consists of the 35S pre-rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins most of which are part of the small ribosomal subunit, the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins.
+ SSU processome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mtDNA metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ mtDNA metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mitochondrial DNA.
+ mitochondrial DNA metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial DNA catabolic process
+
+
+ mtDNA catabolism
+ mtDNA catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mitochondrial DNA.
+ mtDNA breakdown
+ mtDNA degradation
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrial DNA breakdown
+ mitochondrial DNA degradation
+ mitochondrial DNA catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DSIF complex
+
+ Spt4-Spt5 complex
+ 5,6-Dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole sensitivity inducing factor complex
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric protein complex formed of Spt4 and Spt5 proteins which is expressed in eukaryotes from yeast to man. DSIF is an inhibitory elongation factor that promotes RNA polymerase II transcriptional pausing, but can also stimulate transcriptional elongation under certain conditions.
+ DRB sensitivity inducing factor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides by a GTPase.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ micropexophagy-specific membrane apparatus
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ micropexophagic apparatus
+ A membrane-bounded flattened sac that is formed during micropexophagy between the membrane tips of an engulfing vacuole, completing the engulfment and sequestration of peroxisomes from the cytosol, and forming a micropexophagic body within the lumen of the vacuole.
+ MIPA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitosome
+
+
+ A double-membrane-bounded organelle that functions in iron-sulfur protein maturation; evolutionarily derived from mitochondria.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Mitosome
+ crypton
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiolipin metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ diphosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.
+ cardiolipin metabolism
+ diphosphatidylglycerol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiolipin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ diphosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5269
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cardiolipin, 1,3-bis(3-phosphatidyl)glycerol.
+ biological_process
+ diphosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule basal body organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule basal body, a short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum.
+ microtubule basal body organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule basal body duplication
+
+ biological_process
+ Construction of a new microtubule basal body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translation in response to stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of translation in response to stress
+ down-regulation of translation in response to stress
+ down regulation of translation in response to stress
+ downregulation of translation in response to stress
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translation in response to stress
+
+
+ up-regulation of translation in response to stress
+ up regulation of translation in response to stress
+ activation of translation in response to stress
+ stimulation of translation in response to stress
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of translation in response to stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translational initiation in response to stress
+
+
+
+ downregulation of translation initiation in response to stress
+ down-regulation of translation initiation in response to stress
+ down regulation of translation initiation in response to stress
+ inhibition of translation initiation in response to stress
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translational initiation in response to stress
+
+
+
+ up regulation of translation initiation in response to stress
+ activation of translation initiation in response to stress
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
+ upregulation of translation initiation in response to stress
+ stimulation of translation initiation in response to stress
+ up-regulation of translation initiation in response to stress
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bleb
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Bleb_(cell_biology)
+ A cell extension characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bleb formation
+
+ The assembly of a bleb, a cell extension characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusions.
+ biological_process
+ bleb assembly
+ cell blebbing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
+
+
+ down-regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
+ down regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
+ downregulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of translation in response to osmotic stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
+
+
+ up-regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
+ up regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
+ stimulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
+ activation of translation in response to osmotic stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translational initiation in response to osmotic stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
+ inhibition of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
+ down regulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
+ downregulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translational initiation in response to osmotic stress
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
+ activation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
+ up regulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
+ stimulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
+ up-regulation of translation initiation in response to osmotic stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical protein anchoring
+
+ maintenance of protein location in cell cortex
+ biological_process
+ A process by which a protein or protein complex is maintained in a specific location in the cell cortex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolus to nucleoplasm transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
+
+
+ Type IV restriction enzyme complex
+ cellular_component
+ A complex consisting of two proteins which acts as an endonuclease in DNA sequences containing a specific modified recognition site. Modifications may include methylation, hydroxymethylation, and glucosyl-hydroxymethylation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nuclease activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
+ nuclease regulator activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+ biological_process
+ deoxyribonuclease regulator
+ DNase regulator
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
+ endodeoxyribonuclease regulator
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+ down-regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ inhibition of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor
+ restriction enzyme inhibitor
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of a restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the catalysis of endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA in a site-specific manner, resulting in double-strand breaks.
+ down regulation of restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nuclease activity
+
+
+ inhibition of nuclease activity
+ down regulation of nuclease activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
+ down-regulation of nuclease activity
+ downregulation of nuclease activity
+ nuclease inhibitor
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nuclease activity
+
+
+ up regulation of nuclease activity
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of nuclease activity
+ nuclease activator
+ activation of nuclease activity
+ upregulation of nuclease activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
+ up-regulation of nuclease activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ DNase inhibitor
+ down regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
+ inhibition of deoxyribonuclease activity
+ down-regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
+ downregulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
+ deoxyribonuclease inhibitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+ deoxyribonuclease activator
+ activation of deoxyribonuclease activity
+ up-regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid.
+ stimulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
+ DNase activator
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
+ upregulation of deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+ endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor
+ downregulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ down regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
+ down-regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ inhibition of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ stimulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ up-regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endodeoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid by creating internal breaks.
+ endodeoxyribonuclease activator
+ activation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ up regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+ down regulation of Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ downregulation of Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
+ inhibition of Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor
+ down-regulation of Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Type I restriction enzyme inhibitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
+ Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor
+ downregulation of Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ inhibition of Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Type II restriction enzyme inhibitor
+ down-regulation of Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ down regulation of Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+ inhibition of Type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of Type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
+ negative regulation of Type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor
+ down-regulation of Type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Type III restriction enzyme inhibitor
+ downregulation of Type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of Type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+ negative regulation of Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Type IV restriction enzyme inhibitor
+ Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease inhibitor
+ down-regulation of Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ downregulation of Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ inhibition of Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
+ Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator
+ regulation of Type I restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Type I restriction enzyme regulator
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+ Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator
+ Type II restriction enzyme regulator
+ regulation of Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Type II restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+ regulation of Type III restriction endoribonuclease activity
+ Type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Type III restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
+ Type III restriction enzyme regulator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Type IV restriction enzyme regulator
+ regulation of Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease activity.
+ Type IV restriction endodeoxyribonuclease regulator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
+
+ biological_process
+ NF-kappaB inhibitor
+ inhibition of NF-kappaB transcription factor
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein binding
+
+
+ downregulation of protein binding
+ down-regulation of protein binding
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of protein binding
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
+ down regulation of protein binding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein binding
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
+ upregulation of protein binding
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of protein binding
+ up-regulation of protein binding
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of protein binding
+ activation of protein binding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to food
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a food stimulus; food is anything which, when taken into the body, serves to nourish or build up the tissues or to supply body heat.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of response to food
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of response to food
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a food stimulus.
+ down-regulation of response to food
+ inhibition of response to food
+ downregulation of response to food
+ down regulation of response to food
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of response to food
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of response to food
+ stimulation of response to food
+ Any process that activates, maintains, or increases the rate of a response to a food stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of response to food
+ activation of response to food
+ upregulation of response to food
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of appetite
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of hunger
+ Any process which modulates appetite, the desire or physical craving for food.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of appetite
+
+
+ inhibition of appetite
+ down regulation of appetite
+ down-regulation of appetite
+ Any process that reduces appetite.
+ appetite suppression
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of appetite
+ negative regulation of hunger
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of appetite
+
+
+ positive regulation of hunger
+ activation of appetite
+ Any process that increases appetite.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of appetite
+ stimulation of appetite
+ up regulation of appetite
+ upregulation of appetite
+ appetite stimulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of response to external stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of response to external stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of response to external stimulus
+ downregulation of response to external stimulus
+ inhibition of response to external stimulus
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.
+ down-regulation of response to external stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of response to external stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of response to external stimulus
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of response to external stimulus
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an external stimulus.
+ upregulation of response to external stimulus
+ up regulation of response to external stimulus
+ activation of response to external stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of response to extracellular stimulus
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of response to extracellular stimulus
+ down-regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an extracellular stimulus.
+ down regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
+ stimulation of response to extracellular stimulus
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to an extracellular stimulus.
+ activation of response to extracellular stimulus
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of response to extracellular stimulus
+ up regulation of response to extracellular stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of response to nutrient levels
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of response to nutrient levels
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of response to nutrient levels
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of response to nutrient levels
+ downregulation of response to nutrient levels
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.
+ down regulation of response to nutrient levels
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of response to nutrient levels
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of response to nutrient levels
+ up-regulation of response to nutrient levels
+ activation of response to nutrient levels
+ upregulation of response to nutrient levels
+ stimulation of response to nutrient levels
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein histidine kinase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein histidine kinase activity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of protein histidine kinase activity
+
+
+ Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein histidine kinase.
+ biological_process
+ protein histidine kinase activator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein histidine kinase activity
+
+
+ downregulation of protein histidine kinase activity
+ inhibition of protein histidine kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of protein histidine kinase activity
+ protein histidine kinase inhibitor
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein histidine kinase activity.
+ down-regulation of protein histidine kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of carbohydrate phosphatase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of carbohydrate phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a carbohydrate phosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose-6-phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: D-glucose 6-phosphate + H2O = D-glucose + phosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cohesin loading complex
+
+
+ A complex required for the loading of cohesin onto DNA prior to the establishment of cohesion. Appears to be eukaryotically conserved.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ horsetail-astral microtubule array
+
+ HAA
+ cellular_component
+ An array of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis and facilitates horsetail nuclear movement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ horsetail-astral microtubule organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the horsetail-astral array, a structure of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis.
+ horsetail-astral microtubule array organization and biogenesis
+ horsetail-astral microtubule organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sequestering of zinc ion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of binding or confining zinc ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore-type prospore membrane formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FSM assembly
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the nascent membrane forms at the meiotic outer plaque and grows until closure occurs and forespores, or prospores, are formed.
+ forespore membrane biosynthesis
+ FSM biosynthesis
+ FSM formation
+ forespore membrane formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of telomeres to spindle pole body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby physical connections are formed between telomeres and the spindle pole body, facilitating bouquet formation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oral apparatus organization
+
+ oral apparatus organization and biogenesis
+ stomatogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the oral apparatus. The oral apparatus is a funnel-like structure used by the cell to collect food and channel it to the cytostome, characteristic of ciliate protozoans.
+ oral apparatus morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deep fiber
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Inward projections of the cytoskeletal structures of the oral apparatus, which form a fiber that extends past the cytostome into the cytoplasm.
+ deep fibre
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macronucleus organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the macronucleus.
+ macronuclear organization
+ macronuclear organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ micronucleus organization
+
+ micronuclear organization and biogenesis
+ micronuclear organization
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the micronucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eisosome
+
+
+ Any of the large immobile protein assemblies at the plasma membrane that mark endocytic sites. In yeast, S. cerevisiae, these structures are primarily composed of Pil1p and Lsp1p.
+ Wikipedia:Eisosome
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dense core granule membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense core granule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flocculation via extracellular polymer
+
+ Non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms mediated by polymers (polysaccharides, proteins, and/or nucleic acids) secreted into the extracellular environment.
+ flocculation via EBF
+ flocculation via extracellular biopolymeric flocculants
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medial membrane band formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a sterol-rich region of the plasma membrane at the cell surface overlying the contractile ring.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome passenger complex
+
+ chromosomal passenger complex
+ A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that localizes to kinetochores in early mitosis, the spindle mid-zone in anaphase B and to the telophase midbody. It has been proposed that the passenger complex coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. Complex members include the BIR-domain containing protein survivin, aurora kinase and INCENP.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-aminobutyrate transaminase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ ABAT complex
+ A homodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity.
+ GABA-T complex
+ GABA transaminase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of protein kinase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ protein kinase activation
+ Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of protein kinase B activity
+
+ protein kinase B activation
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to rhamnose stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rhamnose stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ response to L-rhamnose stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquinone biosynthetic process from chorismate
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of chorismate to 4-hydroxybenzoate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic septin complex
+
+ A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during mitotic cell division.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic septin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during meiotic cell division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell division site
+
+ The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. The cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane. The mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ cell division plane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleavage furrow
+
+ Wikipedia:Cleavage_furrow
+ cellular_component
+ In animal cells, the first sign of cleavage, or cytokinesis, is the appearance of a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate. A contractile ring containing actin and myosin, is located just inside the plasma membrane at the location of the furrow. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that deepens the cleavage furrow and divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells. While the term 'cleavage furrow' was initially associated with animal cells, such a structure occurs in many other types of cells, including unicellular protists.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell division site part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell division plane part
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of the cell division plane, the eventual plane of cell division in a dividing cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin cytoskeleton
+
+ cellular_component
+ The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of septins and associated proteins. Includes septin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prospore contractile ring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic contractile ring
+ cytokinetic ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane of the prospore envelope in meiotic cells in preparation for completing cytokinesis.
+ cellular_component
+ actomyosin ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin band
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars that run parallel to the long axis of the cell. This type of septin structure has been observed in a number of locations associated with polarized grown and/or deposition of new membrane, but not with cytokinesis, such as at the shmoo (mating projection) neck, at the junction between the mother cell and the germ tube (hypha) of a fungal cell growing filamentously.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin cap
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes and hyphae in fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin filament array
+
+
+ septin bar
+ Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Such structures have been observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation in S. cerevisiae and in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation in C. albicans.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleavage apparatus septin structure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any of a series of structures composed of septins and septin-associated proteins localized to the cleavage plane which are involved in cytokinesis.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating projection septin band
+
+ cellular_component
+ A septin band, i.e. a diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars running parallel to the long axis of the cell, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyphal septin band
+
+ cellular_component
+ A septin band, i.e. a diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars running parallel to the long axis of the cell, located at the junction between the mother cell and the germ tube (hypha) of a fungal cell growing filamentously.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyphal septin cap
+
+ A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in hyphae of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prospore septin filament array
+
+ Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures; observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlamydospore septin filament array
+
+ cellular_component
+ Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Observed in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyphal septin ring
+
+ cellular_component
+ A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prospore septin ring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis in a prospore; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudohyphal septin ring
+
+ cellular_component
+ A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ tube septin cap
+
+ A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes of fungal cells growing filamentously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ tube septin ring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within the germ tube of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin collar
+
+
+ A tubular, hourglass-shaped structure composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments; in budding yeast cells, the septin collar forms from the initial septin ring by expanding into the daughter cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud neck septin collar
+
+
+
+ A tubular structure with flared ends, shaped like an hourglass and composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments, that forms at the bud neck of a dividing cell. In S. cerevisiae, this structure is located at the bud neck throughout most of the cell cycle and the septins are fixed within the structure, not exchanging with soluble septins. This septin structure acts as a scaffold for other proteins that function at the bud neck.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating projection septin ring
+
+ cellular_component
+ A septin ring, i.e. a ring-shaped structure composed of septins and septin-associated proteins, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection). The septin ring in the neck of a shmoo may act as a barrier to localize mating factors in the shmoo tip.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ split septin rings
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A pair of rings that flank the site of cell division, formed by splitting of the septin ring (or collar) prior to cytokinesis; this double ring structure is thought to trap proteins needed for cytokinesis or the formation of the new membrane or cell wall between the two septin rings. Split septin rings are known to occur in budding yeast cells and probably occur in other cell types as well.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud neck split septin rings
+
+
+
+ Two separate septin rings that are formed from the septin collar at the time of cytokinesis in cells that divide by budding. These two rings are thought to delineate a special compartment in which factors involved in cytokinesis are concentrated.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medial membrane band
+
+
+ A sterol-rich region of the plasma membrane which forms at the cell surface overlying the contractile ring and spreads into the invaginating plasma membrane surrounding the septum.
+ cellular_component
+ sterol-rich membrane band
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ tube
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Germ_tube
+ The slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most spores in germination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquinone biosynthetic process from tyrosine
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, beginning with the conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxybenzoate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septin cytoskeleton organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising septin complexes and their associated proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+ septin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud neck septin ring organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Control of the formation, spatial distribution, and breakdown of a septin ring located at the bud neck.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile ring localization
+
+
+
+ The process by which a contractile ring is assembled and/or maintained in a specific location.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of contractile ring localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a contractile ring is assembled in a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of contractile ring localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a contractile ring is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ cytokinetic ring anchoring
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 2-polyprenylphenol
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 2-polyprenylphenol and 2-polyprenyl-6-hydroxyphenol.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquinone biosynthetic process via 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ubiquinone, via the intermediates 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-polyprenylbenzoate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-lysosomal vacuole
+
+
+ A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transposition
+
+ goslim_yeast
+ Wikipedia:Transposon
+ goslim_candida
+ Any process involved in mediating the movement of discrete segments of DNA between nonhomologous sites.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transposition, RNA-mediated
+
+ Ty1 element transposition
+ Class I transposition
+ biological_process
+ Ty element transposition
+ Ty3 element transposition
+ Tf transposition
+ Wikipedia:Transposon
+ Ty2 element transposition
+ Any process involved in a type of transpositional recombination which occurs via an RNA intermediate.
+ GO:0006319
+ retrotransposition
+ GO:0006322
+ retrotransposon transposition
+ GO:0006321
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0006320
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MITE transposition
+
+ Any process involved in the transposition of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs).
+ Class III transposition
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription during RNA-mediated transposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ reverse transcription during retrotransposition
+ The synthesis of DNA from an RNA transposon intermediate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere organization
+
+ telomere organization and biogenesis
+ organization of chromosome, telomeric region
+ chromosome organization, telomeric
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of telomeres, terminal regions of a linear chromosome that include the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+
+
+ biological_process
+ telomeric replication fork progression
+ The process whereby telomeric DNA is synthesized semi-conservatively by the conventional replication machinery and telomeric accessory factors.
+ equal telomere replication
+ telomeric fork progression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere assembly
+
+
+ A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a telomere at a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end. A telomere is a terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
+ biological_process
+ telomere formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere formation via telomerase
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of telomeric repeats to a non-telomeric double-stranded DNA end by telomerase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of telomere maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of telomere maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of telomere maintenance
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
+ downregulation of telomere maintenance
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of telomere maintenance
+ inhibition of telomere maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of telomere maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of telomere maintenance
+ up-regulation of telomere maintenance
+ up regulation of telomere maintenance
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
+ stimulation of telomere maintenance
+ activation of telomere maintenance
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of telomere maintenance via recombination
+ down regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
+ down-regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
+ up regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
+ activation of telomere maintenance via recombination
+ up-regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
+ downregulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
+ inhibition of telomere maintenance via telomerase
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
+ activation of telomere maintenance via telomerase
+ up-regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
+ upregulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.
+ down-regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+ downregulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+ inhibition of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+ upregulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.
+ stimulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+ activation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+ up-regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ riboflavin transport
+
+ The directed movement of riboflavin into, out of, within or between cells. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, converted in the cell to FMN and FAD, cofactors required for the function of flavoproteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall macromolecule catabolic process during cytogamy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules forming part of a cell wall during cytogamy.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane fusion during cytogamy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround cells, during cytogamy.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rpd3/Clr6 histone deacetylase complex II'
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Clr6S complex
+ Clr6 histone deacetylase complex II'
+ GO:0000509
+ cellular_component
+ Rpd3C(S)
+ A eukaryotically conserved histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones preferentially in promoter regions. Composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, a chromodomain protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, and a WD repeat protein (Clr6p, Alp13p, Pst2p, and Prw1p respectively in Schizosaccharomyces; Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Rco1p and Eaf3 in Saccharomyces; homologs thereof in other species).
+ Rpd3S complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+ down-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+ downregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+ activation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+ up-regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cholinergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
+ stimulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+ up regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
+ up-regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+ stimulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+ activation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+ up regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+ upregulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter dopamine.
+ down regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+ inhibition of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+ downregulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
+ down-regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+ inhibition of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+ stimulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+ up regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
+ activation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+ upregulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin filament bundle formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of actin filament bundle formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of actin filament bundle formation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
+ downregulation of actin filament bundle formation
+ down-regulation of actin filament bundle formation
+ inhibition of actin filament bundle formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of actin filament bundle formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of actin filament bundle formation
+ up regulation of actin filament bundle formation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of actin filament bundle formation
+ up-regulation of actin filament bundle formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of actin filament bundles.
+ upregulation of actin filament bundle formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel activity
+
+
+ regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via a store-operated calcium channel.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of calcium transport via store-operated calcium channel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel activity
+
+
+
+ down regulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel
+ negative regulation of calcium transport via store-operated calcium channel
+ negative regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
+ downregulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via a store-operated calcium channel.
+ inhibition of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel
+ down-regulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel activity
+
+
+
+ activation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel
+ positive regulation of store-operated calcium channel activity
+ up regulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel
+ upregulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel
+ positive regulation of calcium transport via store-operated calcium channel
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via a store-operated calcium channel.
+ up-regulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel
+ stimulation of calcium ion transport via store-operated calcium channel
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of store-operated calcium channel activity
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that initiates the activity of an inactive store-operated calcium channel.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenosine transport
+
+ The directed movement of adenosine, adenine riboside, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+ inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+ down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+ activation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+ up-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+ upregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleoside transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleoside transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of, within or between cells.
+ inhibition of nucleoside transport
+ down-regulation of nucleoside transport
+ down regulation of nucleoside transport
+ downregulation of nucleoside transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleoside transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of nucleoside transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a nucleoside into, out of, within or between cells.
+ upregulation of nucleoside transport
+ up-regulation of nucleoside transport
+ activation of nucleoside transport
+ stimulation of nucleoside transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of purine nucleoside transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pyrimidine nucleoside transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a pyrimidine nucleoside into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of purine nucleoside transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of purine nucleoside transport
+ downregulation of purine nucleoside transport
+ down-regulation of purine nucleoside transport
+ inhibition of purine nucleoside transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of purine nucleoside transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of purine nucleoside transport
+ up-regulation of purine nucleoside transport
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a purine nucleoside into, out of, within or between cells.
+ stimulation of purine nucleoside transport
+ activation of purine nucleoside transport
+ up regulation of purine nucleoside transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adenosine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adenosine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of adenosine transport
+ down regulation of adenosine transport
+ down-regulation of adenosine transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of, within or between cells.
+ downregulation of adenosine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adenosine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of adenosine transport
+ activation of adenosine transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of adenosine into, out of, within or between cells.
+ upregulation of adenosine transport
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of adenosine transport
+ stimulation of adenosine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretory granule localization
+
+ Any process by which a secretory granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+ secretory granule clustering
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dense core granule localization
+
+ dense core granule clustering
+ Any process by which a dense core granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of secretory granule localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a secretory granule to a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of secretory granule location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a secretory granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of secretory granule localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of dense core granule localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a dense core granule to a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of dense core granule location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which a dense core granule is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of dense core granule localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CVT pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting
+ biological_process
+ cytoplasm to vacuole targeting
+ A constitutive biosynthetic process that occurs under nutrient-rich conditions, in which two resident vacuolar hydrolases, aminopeptidase I and alpha-mannosidase, are sequestered into vesicles; these vesicles are transported to, and then fuse with, the vacuole. This pathway is mostly observed in yeast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylation
+
+ Wikipedia:Methylation
+ The process by which a methyl group is covalently attached to a molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to jasmonic acid stimulus during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a jasmonic acid stimulus received in the context of the jasmonic acid- and ethylene (ethene)-dependent process that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease in response to wounding or a pathogen.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleotide salvage
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process which produces a purine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleotide salvage
+
+
+
+ Any process which produces a pyrimidine nucleotide from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GMP salvage
+
+ Any process which produces guanosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IMP salvage
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process which produces inosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ XMP salvage
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process which produces xanthosine monophosphate from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of cellular protein metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular protein metabolism
+ down-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
+ inhibition of cellular protein metabolic process
+ down regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
+ downregulation of cellular protein metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
+ up regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
+ positive regulation of cellular protein metabolism
+ stimulation of cellular protein metabolic process
+ upregulation of cellular protein metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ activation of cellular protein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of protein polymerisation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of protein polymerization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers.
+ downregulation of protein polymerization
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of protein polymerization
+ down-regulation of protein polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of protein polymerization
+ upregulation of protein polymerization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process of creating protein polymers.
+ stimulation of protein polymerization
+ biological_process
+ activation of protein polymerization
+ up-regulation of protein polymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gonadotropin secretion
+
+ The regulated release of a gonadotropin, any hormone that stimulates the gonads, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
+ gonadotrophin secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luteinizing hormone secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of luteinizing hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gonadotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of gonadotrophin secretion
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gonadotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of gonadotropin secretion
+ down-regulation of gonadotropin secretion
+ negative regulation of gonadotrophin secretion
+ inhibition of gonadotropin secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of gonadotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gonadotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of gonadotropin secretion
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of gonadotropin secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a gonadotropin.
+ positive regulation of gonadotrophin secretion
+ activation of gonadotropin secretion
+ up-regulation of gonadotropin secretion
+ upregulation of gonadotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asymmetric synapse
+
+ cellular_component
+ A type of synapse occurring between an axon and a dendritic spine or dendritic shaft. Asymmetric synapses, the most abundant synapse type in the central nervous system, involve axons that contain predominantly spherical vesicles and contain a thickened postsynaptic density.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ symmetric synapse
+
+ A type of synapse occurring primarily on dendrite shafts and neuronal cell bodies. Symmetric synapses involve axons containing clusters of predominantly flattened or elongated vesicles and do not contain a prominent postsynaptic density.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid selective glutamate receptor complex
+
+ An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. The AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS and are composed of subunits GluR1-4, products from separate genes. These subunits have an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus.
+ AMPA receptor
+ cellular_component
+ AMPA-selective glutamate receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ plastid ACCase complex
+ An acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid acetate CoA-transferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An acetate CoA-transferase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid biotin carboxylase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A biotin carboxylase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ensheathment of non-myelinated axons
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane closes around an axon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelin maintenance in the central nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the structure and material content of mature central nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelin maintenance in the peripheral nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the structure and material content of mature peripheral nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelin assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelin formation
+ The process by which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon in the central or peripheral nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelin formation in the central nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the central nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelin formation in the peripheral nervous system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the wraps of cell membrane that constitute myelin are laid down around an axon by an oligodendrocyte in the peripheral nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ensheathment of axons in the central nervous system
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a glial cell membrane closes around an axon in the central nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ensheathment of axons in the peripheral nervous system
+
+ The process by which a Schwann cell membrane closes around an axon in the peripheral nervous system. This can be a myelinating or a non-myelinating neuron-glial interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ensheathment of non-myelinated axons in the central nervous system
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a non-myelinating glial cell membrane encircles an axon in the central nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ensheathment of non-myelinated axons in the peripheral nervous system
+
+
+ The process by which a non-myelinating Schwann cell membrane encircles an axon in the peripheral nervous system. A single non-myelinating Schwann cell will typically associate with multiple axons.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ensheathment of neuronal cell bodies
+
+ The process by which satellite glial cells isolate neuronal cell bodies.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of DNA replication initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of DNA replication initiation
+ downregulation of DNA replication initiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA replication.
+ inhibition of DNA replication initiation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of DNA replication initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA replication initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of DNA replication initiation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of DNA replication initiation
+ activation of DNA replication initiation
+ upregulation of DNA replication initiation
+ stimulation of DNA replication initiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of initiation of DNA replication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonuclease H2 complex
+
+
+ RNase H2 complex
+ A protein complex that possesses ribonuclease H activity, in which the catalytic subunit is a member of the RNase H2 (or HII) class. For example, in Saccharomyces the complex contains Rnh201p, Rnh202p and Rnh203p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mismatch repair complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ Any complex formed of proteins that act in mismatch repair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MutSalpha complex
+
+ MSH2/MSH6 complex
+ A heterodimer involved in the recognition and repair of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH6.
+ cellular_component
+ MMR complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MutSbeta complex
+
+ MMR complex
+ MSH2/MSH3 complex
+ A heterodimer involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH3.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of icosanoid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell or group of cells.
+ regulation of eicosanoid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of icosanoid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of eicosanoid secretion
+ inhibition of icosanoid secretion
+ down regulation of icosanoid secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell or group of cells.
+ downregulation of icosanoid secretion
+ down-regulation of icosanoid secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of icosanoid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of icosanoid secretion
+ up-regulation of icosanoid secretion
+ up regulation of icosanoid secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of an icosanoid from a cell or group of cells.
+ positive regulation of eicosanoid secretion
+ upregulation of icosanoid secretion
+ stimulation of icosanoid secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of prostaglandin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of prostacyclin secretion
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of prostaglandin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of prostaglandin secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell or group of cells.
+ negative regulation of prostacyclin secretion
+ inhibition of prostaglandin secretion
+ downregulation of prostaglandin secretion
+ down-regulation of prostaglandin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of prostaglandin secretion
+ up regulation of prostaglandin secretion
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of prostacyclin secretion
+ up-regulation of prostaglandin secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a prostaglandin from a cell or group of cells.
+ stimulation of prostaglandin secretion
+ activation of prostaglandin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ icosanoid secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The controlled release of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
+ eicosanoid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostaglandin secretion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ prostacyclin secretion
+ The regulated release of a prostaglandin, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angiogenin-PRI complex
+
+
+ A stable heterodimer of angiogenin and placental ribonuclease inhibitor; interaction between angiogenin and PRI prevents angiogenin binding to its receptor to stimulate angiogenesis.
+ angiogenin-placental ribonuclease inhibitor complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ARF GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of the GTPase ARF.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Rab GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Rab family.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Rac GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Rac family.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Ral GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Ral family.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Ran GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Ran family.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Rap GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Rap family.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Ras GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Ras superfamily.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Rho GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a GTPase of the Rho family.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Ras GTPase activity
+
+
+ upregulation of Ras GTPase activity
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of Ras GTPase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase of the Ras superfamily.
+ up-regulation of Ras GTPase activity
+ stimulation of Ras GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Rho GTPase activity
+
+
+ up regulation of Rho GTPase activity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of Rho GTPase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase of the Rho family.
+ upregulation of Rho GTPase activity
+ stimulation of Rho GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquinone catabolic process
+
+
+ ubiquinone catabolism
+ biological_process
+ ubiquinone degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ubiquinone, a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme.
+ ubiquinone breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoic acid catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid, a coenzyme involved in oxidative decarboxylation of keto acids.
+ biological_process
+ lipoic acid catabolism
+ lipoic acid breakdown
+ lipoic acid degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process
+
+ molybdopterin cofactor biosynthesis
+ molybdopterin cofactor synthesis
+ molybdopterin cofactor formation
+ biological_process
+ molybdopterin cofactor anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mo-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the Mo-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo) ion coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
+ Mo-molybdopterin cofactor breakdown
+ Moco catabolic process
+ Mo-molybdopterin cofactor catabolism
+ Moco catabolism
+ Mo-molybdopterin cofactor degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ W-molybdopterin cofactor catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ W-molybdopterin cofactor breakdown
+ W-molybdopterin cofactor catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
+ W-molybdopterin cofactor degradation
+ biological_process
+ Moco catabolic process
+ Moco catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alanine transport
+
+ The directed movement of alanine, 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of L-serine, 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
+ down regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
+ inhibition of chondrocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of chondrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation.
+ up-regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
+ activation of chondrocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of chondrocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of chondrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activin secretion
+
+ The regulated release of activin, a nonsteroidal regulator composed of two covalently linked beta subunits, which is synthesized in the pituitary gland and gonads and stimulates the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibin secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of an inhibin, either of two glycoproteins (designated A and B), secreted by the gonads and present in seminal plasma and follicular fluid, that inhibit pituitary production of follicle-stimulating hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of activin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of activin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of activin secretion
+ inhibition of activin secretion
+ downregulation of activin secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell or group of cells.
+ down regulation of activin secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of activin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of activin secretion
+ upregulation of activin secretion
+ stimulation of activin secretion
+ up regulation of activin secretion
+ up-regulation of activin secretion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of activin from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of inhibin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of inhibin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of inhibin secretion
+ inhibition of inhibin secretion
+ downregulation of inhibin secretion
+ down-regulation of inhibin secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of inhibin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of inhibin secretion
+ stimulation of inhibin secretion
+ activation of inhibin secretion
+ upregulation of inhibin secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of inhibin from a cell or group of cells.
+ up-regulation of inhibin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldosterone metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.
+ biological_process
+ aldosterone metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldosterone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldosterone catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldosterone, a corticosteroid hormone that is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of aldosterone metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of aldosterone metabolism
+ down regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of aldosterone metabolic process
+ down-regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.
+ inhibition of aldosterone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of aldosterone metabolism
+ up regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
+ activation of aldosterone metabolic process
+ up-regulation of aldosterone metabolic process
+ upregulation of aldosterone metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of aldosterone metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving aldosterone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.
+ inhibition of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.
+ activation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hormone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hormone metabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hormone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of hormone metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.
+ downregulation of hormone metabolic process
+ negative regulation of hormone metabolism
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of hormone metabolic process
+ down regulation of hormone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hormone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of hormone metabolic process
+ stimulation of hormone metabolic process
+ up regulation of hormone metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of hormone metabolic process
+ positive regulation of hormone metabolism
+ up-regulation of hormone metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of hormone biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of hormone biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.
+ down regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to estradiol stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
+ response to E2 stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ provirus excision
+
+ prophage excision
+ The molecular events that lead to the excision of a viral genome from the host genome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ provirus maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The molecular events that maintain a viral genome integrated into a host genome.
+ biological_process
+ prophage maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxal phosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FAD catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMN catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxygen homeostasis
+
+ A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of oxygen within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular lipid transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of lipids within cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular sterol transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of sterols within cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular cholesterol transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, within cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lipid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of lipid transport
+ inhibition of lipid transport
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of, within or between cells.
+ down-regulation of lipid transport
+ downregulation of lipid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lipid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of lipid transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids into, out of, within or between cells.
+ up regulation of lipid transport
+ upregulation of lipid transport
+ stimulation of lipid transport
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of lipid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of sterol transport
+ down regulation of sterol transport
+ downregulation of sterol transport
+ down-regulation of sterol transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols into, out of, within or between cells.
+ upregulation of sterol transport
+ up-regulation of sterol transport
+ up regulation of sterol transport
+ activation of sterol transport
+ stimulation of sterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cholesterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cholesterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of cholesterol transport
+ inhibition of cholesterol transport
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cholesterol transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of, within or between cells.
+ down-regulation of cholesterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cholesterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of cholesterol transport
+ stimulation of cholesterol transport
+ up-regulation of cholesterol transport
+ upregulation of cholesterol transport
+ biological_process
+ activation of cholesterol transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intracellular lipid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of intracellular lipid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of intracellular lipid transport
+ inhibition of intracellular lipid transport
+ down regulation of intracellular lipid transport
+ downregulation of intracellular lipid transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of intracellular lipid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of intracellular lipid transport
+ activation of intracellular lipid transport
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of intracellular lipid transport
+ stimulation of intracellular lipid transport
+ up regulation of intracellular lipid transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of lipids within cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intracellular sterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of intracellular sterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of intracellular sterol transport
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of intracellular sterol transport
+ inhibition of intracellular sterol transport
+ downregulation of intracellular sterol transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of intracellular sterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of intracellular sterol transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sterols within cells.
+ up regulation of intracellular sterol transport
+ biological_process
+ activation of intracellular sterol transport
+ stimulation of intracellular sterol transport
+ up-regulation of intracellular sterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.
+ down-regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of intracellular cholesterol transport
+ downregulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of cholesterol within cells.
+ upregulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
+ up regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
+ biological_process
+ activation of intracellular cholesterol transport
+ stimulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
+ up-regulation of intracellular cholesterol transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intracellular transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of intracellular transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of intracellular transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.
+ down-regulation of intracellular transport
+ down regulation of intracellular transport
+ downregulation of intracellular transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of intracellular transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of intracellular transport
+ activation of intracellular transport
+ up-regulation of intracellular transport
+ stimulation of intracellular transport
+ up regulation of intracellular transport
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MutLalpha complex
+
+ MLH1/PMS2 complex
+ A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS2.
+ MutL-alpha complex
+ MMR complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MutLbeta complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ MMR complex
+ MLH1/PMS1 complex
+ A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS1.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor connecting cilium
+
+ cellular_component
+ A 9+0 cilium that forms the portion of the axoneme traversing the boundary between the photoreceptor inner and outer segments.
+ photoreceptor cilium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA geometric change
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The process by which a transformation is induced in the geometry of a DNA double helix, resulting in a change in twist, writhe, or both, but with no change in linking number. Includes the unwinding of double-stranded DNA by helicases.
+ biological_process
+ Note that DNA geometric change and DNA topological change (GO:0006265) are distinct, but are usually coupled in vivo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHC class Ib protein complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class Ib alpha chain and, in most cases, an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide or lipid antigen. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanosome localization
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a melanosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of melanosome localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a melanosome to a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanosome transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of melanosomes into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transporter activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a transporter.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transporter activity
+
+
+
+ down regulation of transporter activity
+ downregulation of transporter activity
+ down-regulation of transporter activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter.
+ inhibition of transporter activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transporter activity
+
+
+
+ upregulation of transporter activity
+ stimulation of transporter activity
+ activation of transporter activity
+ up regulation of transporter activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a transporter.
+ up-regulation of transporter activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity
+
+ regulation of ion transporter activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of an ion transporter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of ion transporter activity
+ downregulation of ion transporter activity
+ down-regulation of ion transporter activity
+ inhibition of ion transporter activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an ion transporter.
+ down regulation of ion transporter activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity
+
+
+ up-regulation of ion transporter activity
+ stimulation of ion transporter activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of an ion transporter.
+ up regulation of ion transporter activity
+ activation of ion transporter activity
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of ion transporter activity
+ positive regulation of ion transporter activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+
+
+ inhibition of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+ down regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
+ down-regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+ downregulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+
+
+ upregulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a sodium:hydrogen antiporter, which catalyzes the reaction: Na+(out) + H+(in) = Na+(in) + H+(out).
+ activation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+ up-regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+ stimulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+ up regulation of sodium:hydrogen antiporter activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosome localization
+
+ Any process by which a lysosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to lysosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Loosely bound to one surface of the lysosome membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ extrinsic to lysosomal membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stereocilium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells. Bundles of stereocilia act as mechanosensory organelles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stereocilium bundle
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ stereocilia bundle
+ An actin-based, cross-linked cellular protrusion on the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells. Stereocilium bundles act as mechanosensory organelles by responding to fluid motion or fluid pressure changes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mismatch repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mismatch repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of mismatch repair
+ down-regulation of mismatch repair
+ inhibition of mismatch repair
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.
+ down regulation of mismatch repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mismatch repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of mismatch repair
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of mismatch repair
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mismatch repair.
+ upregulation of mismatch repair
+ up-regulation of mismatch repair
+ stimulation of mismatch repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stereocilium bundle tip
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stereocilium tip
+ cellular_component
+ The end of a stereocilium bundle, distal to the site of the bundle's attachment to the apical cell surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phospholipase A2 activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activity
+
+
+ upregulation of phospholipase A2 activity
+ stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2.
+ activation of phospholipase A2 activity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of phospholipase A2 activity
+ up regulation of phospholipase A2 activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phospholipase A2 activity
+
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme phospholipase A2.
+ biological_process
+ phospholipase A2 activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament bundle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0000141
+ GO:0030482
+ An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
+ actin cable
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ filopodium tip
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The end of a filopodium distal to the body of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ down regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ inhibition of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ down-regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ upregulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ stimulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ up-regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
+ up regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticular plate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A dense network of actin filaments found beneath the apical cell surface of hair cells, and into which stereocilia are inserted.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanosome organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a melanosome. A melanosome is a tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored.
+ melanosome organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosome localization
+
+ Any process by which endosomes are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activin responsive factor complex
+
+ A transcriptionally active complex that binds to an activin response element (ARE) in the promoter of target genes, and is composed of two SMAD2 proteins, one SMAD4 protein and a Forkhead activin signal transducer (FAST) transcription factor.
+ Note that this term should not be confused with any of the molecular function and biological process terms that refer to the small GTPase ARF (ADP-ribosylation factor).
+ ARF complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructose import
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ fructose uptake
+ The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide fructose into a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein modification by small protein conjugation
+
+ A protein modification process by which one or more moieties of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to a target protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein urmylation
+
+
+ Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein URM1 to another protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CBM complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex comprising Carma1, Bcl10 and MALT1; plays a role in signal transduction during NF-kappaB activation.
+ CARMA1-BCL10-Malt1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nerve growth factor processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The generation of a mature nerve growth factor by proteolysis of a precursor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endocytic recycling
+
+ biological_process
+ retrograde transport of endocytic vesicles
+ The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from recycling endosomes back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fast endocytic recycling
+
+ The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from peripheral endocytic compartments back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
+ direct endocytic recycling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slow endocytic recycling
+
+ The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from deep (non-peripheral) compartments endocytic compartments back to the plasma membrane where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein oligomerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein oligomerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of protein oligomerization
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
+ down-regulation of protein oligomerization
+ inhibition of protein oligomerization
+ down regulation of protein oligomerization
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein oligomerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
+ upregulation of protein oligomerization
+ stimulation of protein oligomerization
+ up regulation of protein oligomerization
+ gosubset_prok
+ induction of protein oligomerization
+ biological_process
+ activation of protein oligomerization
+ up-regulation of protein oligomerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein homooligomerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein homooligomerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation of protein homooligomerization
+ inhibition of protein homooligomerization
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of protein homooligomerization
+ down-regulation of protein homooligomerization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein homooligomerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of protein homooligomerization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.
+ induction of protein homooligomerization
+ up-regulation of protein homooligomerization
+ up regulation of protein homooligomerization
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of protein homooligomerization
+ activation of protein homooligomerization
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of cytokinesis
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of cytokinesis
+ downregulation of cytokinesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis.
+ down regulation of cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytokinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of cytokinesis
+ up regulation of cytokinesis
+ stimulation of cytokinesis
+ activation of cytokinesis
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of cytokinesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytokinesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi calcium ion homeostasis
+
+ calcium ion homeostasis in Golgi
+ Golgi calcium ion concentration regulation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of calcium ion concentration in Golgi
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of calcium ions within the Golgi apparatus of a cell or between the Golgi and its surroundings.
+ regulation of Golgi calcium ion concentration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.
+ endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration regulation
+ ER calcium ion homeostasis
+ calcium ion homeostasis in endoplasmic reticulum
+ regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
+ biological_process
+ regulation of ER calcium ion concentration
+ ER calcium ion concentration regulation
+ calcium ion homeostasis in ER
+ regulation of calcium ion concentration in ER
+ regulation of calcium ion concentration in endoplasmic reticulum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elevation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
+
+ elevation of calcium ion concentration in endoplasmic reticulum
+ endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration elevation
+ Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ biological_process
+ elevation of ER calcium ion concentration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reduction of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
+
+ reduction of calcium ion concentration in endoplasmic reticulum
+ ER calcium ion concentration reduction
+ endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration reduction
+ biological_process
+ reduction of calcium ion concentration in ER
+ reduction of ER calcium ion concentration
+ Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi calcium ion transport
+
+
+ Golgi calcium transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ external side of mitochondrial outer membrane
+
+ The external (cytoplasmic face) of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
+ cellular_component
+ external side of mitochondrial envelope
+ cytosolic side of mitochondrial outer membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ otolith morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of an otolith are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ otolith formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to an otolith. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ A complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homodimeric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A homodimeric complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterotetrameric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A heterotetrameric complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In S. pombe it is a heterotetramer of Dlp1 and Dps1.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of type I interferon production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon type I production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
+ regulation of type I IFN production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of type I interferon production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of type I IFN production
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of type I interferon production
+ downregulation of type I interferon production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
+ down-regulation of type I interferon production
+ inhibition of type I interferon production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of type I interferon production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
+ up regulation of type I interferon production
+ stimulation of type I interferon production
+ upregulation of type I interferon production
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of type I interferon production
+ activation of type I interferon production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rab protein signal transduction
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Rab protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rab protein signal transduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ral protein signal transduction
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Ral family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Ral protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ral protein signal transduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rap protein signal transduction
+
+ A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rap family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Rap protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rap protein signal transduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cdc42 protein signal transduction
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by the Cdc42 protein switching to a GTP-bound active state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Cdc42 protein signal transduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of molecule of bacterial origin
+
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of bacterial origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ detection of bacteria associated molecule
+ detection of bacterial associated molecule
+ biological_process
+ detection of bacterium associated molecule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of molecule of fungal origin
+
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of fungal origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ detection of fungus associated molecule
+ biological_process
+ detection of fungal associated molecule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of molecule of oomycetes origin
+
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a molecule of oomycetes origin is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+ detection of oomycetes associated molecule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to bacterial lipoprotein
+
+ A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to peptidoglycan
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptidoglycan stimulus. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to muramyl dipeptide
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to lipopolysaccharide
+
+ A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a of lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
+ response to LPS
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of lipopolysaccharide
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a lipopolysaccharide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
+ detection of LPS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of muramyl dipeptide
+
+
+ The series of events in which a muramyl dipeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of peptidoglycan
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a peptidoglycan stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Peptidoglycan is a bacterial cell wall macromolecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal process
+
+ GO:0050874
+ goslim_pir
+ Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function.
+ organismal physiological process
+ biological_process
+ goslim_goa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ developmental process
+
+ development
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organism reproduction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The biological process by which new individuals are produced by one or two multicellular organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproduction of a single-celled organism
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The biological process in which new individuals are produced by one or two single-celled organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A cellular process that is involved in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of protein location in cell
+
+
+ maintenance of protein localization in cell
+ Any process by which a protein is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA duplex unwinding
+
+ biological_process
+ duplex DNA melting
+ The process by which interchain hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA are broken or 'melted', generating a region of unpaired single strands.
+ DNA unwinding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ endosome transport via MVB sorting pathway
+ The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes or vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the target compartment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosome to lysosome transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway
+
+
+ The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the lysosome.
+ endosome to lysosome transport via MVB sorting pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ late endosome to vacuole transport via multivesicular body sorting pathway
+
+
+ The directed movement of substances from endosomes to vacuoles by a pathway in which molecules are sorted into multivesicular bodies, which then fuse with the vacuole.
+ biological_process
+ endosome to vacuole transport via MVB sorting pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2B.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of calcineurin activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+
+
+ downregulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2B.
+ down-regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of calcineurin activity
+ inhibition of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2B.
+ biological_process
+ activation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of calcineurin activity
+ calcineurin activation
+ stimulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+ up regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+ upregulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+ up-regulation of protein phosphatase type 2B activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+
+
+
+ inhibition of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+ down-regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+ down regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.
+ downregulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+ up regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+ activation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+ upregulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SOD1-calcineurin complex
+
+
+ A protein complex formed by the association of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) with calcineurin; complex formation is implicated in activation of calcineurin by SOD1.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somite rostral/caudal axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the rostro-caudal axis of a somite, prior to the morphological formation of a somite boundary.
+ somite rostrocaudal polarity
+ somite rostrocaudal axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to retinoic acid
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
+ response to vitamin A acid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein exit from endoplasmic reticulum
+
+ biological_process
+ protein exit from ER
+ The directed movement of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microvillus organization
+
+ microvillus organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus, a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicle cell microvillus organization
+
+ follicle cell microvillus organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus on a follicle cell. A microvillus is a thin cylindrical membrane-covered projection on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microvillus organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microvillus organization and biogenesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of follicle cell microvillus organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of follicle cell microvillus organization and biogenesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microvillus on a follicle cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microvillus length
+
+
+ A process that modulates the length of a microvillus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of follicle cell microvillus length
+
+
+ A process that modulates the length of a microvillus on a follicle cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microvillus assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microvillus biogenesis
+ A process that modulates the formation of a microvillus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular component size
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that modulates the size of a cellular component.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell projection size
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that modulates the size of a cell projection.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host-seeking behavior
+
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism that are associated with finding a host organism; may include behavioral responses to light, temperature, or chemical emanations from the prospective host.
+ biological_process
+ host-seeking behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of host-seeking behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.
+ regulation of host-seeking behaviour
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of host-seeking behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of host-seeking behaviour
+ down regulation of host-seeking behavior
+ downregulation of host-seeking behavior
+ down-regulation of host-seeking behavior
+ inhibition of host-seeking behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of host-seeking behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of any behavior associated with finding a host organism.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of host-seeking behavior
+ stimulation of host-seeking behavior
+ positive regulation of host-seeking behaviour
+ activation of host-seeking behavior
+ up-regulation of host-seeking behavior
+ upregulation of host-seeking behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical endoplasmic reticulum
+
+ peripheral ER
+ peripheral endoplasmic reticulum
+ cellular_component
+ cortical ER
+ A cortical network of highly dynamic tubules that are juxtaposed to the plasma membrane and undergo ring closure and tubule-branching movements.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial translation
+
+
+ goslim_plant
+ mitochondrial protein translation
+ goslim_yeast
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_generic
+ mitochondrial protein biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a mitochondrion. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the mitochondrion has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.
+ mitochondrial protein anabolism
+ mitochondrial protein synthesis
+ mitochondrial protein formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid translation
+
+
+ plastid protein biosynthesis
+ plastid protein synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_plant
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein in a plastid. This is a ribosome-mediated process in which the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to specify the sequence of amino acids in the protein; the plastid has its own ribosomes and transfer RNAs, and uses a genetic code that differs from the nuclear code.
+ goslim_generic
+ biological_process
+ plastid protein formation
+ plastid protein translation
+ goslim_yeast
+ plastid protein anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CURI complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that is involved in the transcription of ribosomal genes. In Saccharomyces this complex consists of Ckb2p, Utp22p, Rrp7p andIfh1p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ general transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+ The basal, non-specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter. Mediated by core RNA polymerase II and a set of general transcription factors; in Saccharomyces five transcription factors are necessary and sufficient for such basal transcription.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+ goslim_pombe
+ biological_process
+ The specifically regulated synthesis of RNA from DNA encoding a specific gene or set of genes by RNA polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter. In addition to RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors, specific transcription requires one or more specific factors that bind to specific DNA sequences or interact with the general transcription machinery.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to progesterone stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to vitamin K
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin K stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to menaquinone
+
+ response to vitamin K2
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a menaquinone (vitamin K2) stimulus.
+ response to menatetrenone
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to phylloquinone
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phylloquinone (vitamin K1) stimulus.
+ response to vitamin K1
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aleurone grain membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding an aleurone grain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apical lamina of hyaline layer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A fibrous network that is part of the hyalin layer extracellular matrix. The apical lamina is thought to be principally composed of the glycoproteins fibropellins. This matrix has been found in echinoderms.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi cisterna membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the thin, flattened compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
+ Golgi stack membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER-dependent peroxisome biogenesis
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum-dependent peroxisome biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a peroxisome is synthesized from the endoplasmic reticulum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gene-specific transcription
+
+
+ inhibition of gene-specific transcription
+ down-regulation of gene-specific transcription
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the DNA-dependent transcription of a specific gene or genes.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of gene-specific transcription
+ down regulation of gene-specific transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gene-specific transcription
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the DNA-dependent transcription of a specific gene or genes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth cone membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a growth cone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multivesicular body membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MVE membrane
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a multivesicular body.
+ MVB membrane
+ cellular_component
+ multivesicular endosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein storage vacuole membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a protein storage vacuole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ruffle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane ruffle
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trans-Golgi network membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi trans face membrane
+ cellular_component
+ trans Golgi network membrane
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the trans-Golgi network.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron projection membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a neuron projection.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendrite membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendrite.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendritic spine membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a dendritic spine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to mitochondrial membrane
+
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the mitochondrial membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin-responsive compartment
+
+ cellular_component
+ IRC
+ A small membrane-bounded vesicle that releases its contents by exocytosis in response to insulin stimulation; the contents are enriched in GLUT4, IRAP and VAMP2.
+ GSC
+ GLUT4 storage compartment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein transport within lipid bilayer
+
+
+ biological_process
+ receptor translocation within membrane
+ receptor transport within lipid bilayer
+ protein translocation within membrane
+ The directed movement of a protein from one location to another within a lipid bilayer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell receptor transport within lipid bilayer
+
+ B cell receptor translocation within membrane
+ The directed movement of a B cell receptor within a lipid bilayer.
+ BCR translocation within membrane
+ BCR transport within lipid bilayer
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein transport into membrane raft
+
+ biological_process
+ protein transport into lipid raft
+ The directed movement of a protein into a membrane raft.
+ protein translocation into membrane raft
+ receptor transport into membrane raft
+ receptor translocation into membrane raft
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell receptor transport into membrane raft
+
+
+ B cell receptor translocation into membrane raft
+ B cell receptor transport into lipid raft
+ BCR translocation into membrane raft
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a B cell receptor into a membrane raft.
+ BCR transport into membrane raft
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell receptor transport into immunological synapse
+
+ The directed movement of a B cell receptor into an immunological synapse.
+ BCR translocation into immunological synapse
+ B cell receptor translocation into immunological synapse
+ biological_process
+ BCR transport into immunological synapse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein transport out of membrane raft
+
+ receptor transport out of membrane raft
+ biological_process
+ protein translocation out of membrane raft
+ The directed movement of a protein out of a membrane raft.
+ protein transport out of lipid raft
+ receptor translocation out of membrane raft
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemokine receptor transport out of membrane raft
+
+
+ chemokine receptor transport out of lipid raft
+ The directed movement of a chemokine receptor out of a membrane raft.
+ chemokine receptor translocation out of membrane raft
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ connective tissue growth factor production
+
+ CCN2 production
+ CTGF production
+ The appearance of connective tissue growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ IGFBP8 production
+ biological_process
+ hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 production
+ Fisp12 production
+ Hcs24 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemokine production
+
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fractalkine production
+
+ The appearance of fractalkine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+
+ The appearance of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hepatocyte growth factor production
+
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of hepatocyte growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type I interferon production
+
+ The appearance of type I interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
+ interferon type I production
+ type I IFN production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interferon-alpha production
+
+ The appearance of interferon-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interferon-beta production
+
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of interferon-beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interferon-gamma production
+
+ biological_process
+ type II interferon production
+ The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 alpha production
+
+ The appearance of interleukin-1 alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+ IL-1 alpha production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 beta production
+
+ biological_process
+ IL-1 beta production
+ The appearance of interleukin-1 beta due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 production
+
+ biological_process
+ IL-1 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-10 production
+
+ IL-10 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-10 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-11 production
+
+ biological_process
+ IL-11 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-11 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-12 production
+
+ IL-12 production
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of interleukin-12 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-13 production
+
+ The appearance of interleukin-13 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ IL-13 production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-14 production
+
+ biological_process
+ IL-14 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-14 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-15 production
+
+ The appearance of interleukin-15 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+ IL-15 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-16 production
+
+ IL-16 production
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of interleukin-16 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-17 production
+
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of interleukin-17 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ IL-17 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-18 production
+
+ biological_process
+ IL-18 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-18 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-19 production
+
+ IL-19 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-19 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-2 production
+
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of interleukin-2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ IL-2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-20 production
+
+ IL-20 production
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of interleukin-20 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-21 production
+
+ IL-21 production
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of interleukin-21 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-22 production
+
+ The appearance of interleukin-22 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ IL-22 production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-23 production
+
+ IL-23 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-23 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-24 production
+
+ The appearance of interleukin-24 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+ IL-24 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-25 production
+
+ IL-25 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-25 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-26 production
+
+ biological_process
+ IL-26 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-26 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-27 production
+
+ The appearance of interleukin-27 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ IL-27 production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-3 production
+
+ IL-3 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-3 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-4 production
+
+ IL-4 production
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of interleukin-4 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-5 production
+
+ The appearance of interleukin-5 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+ IL-5 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-6 production
+
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of interleukin-6 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ IL-6 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-7 production
+
+ biological_process
+ IL-7 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-7 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-8 production
+
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of interleukin-8 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ IL-8 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-9 production
+
+ biological_process
+ IL-9 production
+ The appearance of interleukin-9 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TRAIL production
+
+ The appearance of TRAIL due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tumor necrosis factor production
+
+ Note that this term refers only to the specific, original 'tumor necrosis factor' protein (TNF) and not other members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (those with the gene symbol root 'TNFSF').
+ TNF-alpha production
+ biological_process
+ tumor necrosis factor-alpha production
+ The appearance of tumor necrosis factor due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ TNF production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphotoxin A production
+
+ lymphotoxin-alpha production
+ TNF-beta production
+ The appearance of lymphotoxin A due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ tumor necrosis factor-beta production
+ biological_process
+ LTA production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chemokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CTGF production
+ biological_process
+ regulation of CCN2 production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of connective tissue growth factor production.
+ regulation of Fisp12 production
+ regulation of hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 production
+ regulation of Hcs24 production
+ regulation of IGFBP8 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fractalkine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of fractalkine production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of hepatocyte growth factor production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interferon-alpha production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interferon-beta production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interferon-gamma production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of type II interferon production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-1 alpha production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-1 beta production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-1 production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-10 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-10 production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-11 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-11 production.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-11 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-12 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-12 production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-13 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
+ regulation of IL-13 production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-14 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-14 production.
+ regulation of IL-14 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-15 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-15 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-16 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-16 production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-16 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-17 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-17 production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-17 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-18 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.
+ regulation of IL-18 production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-19 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-19 production.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-19 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-2 production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-20 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-20 production.
+ regulation of IL-20 production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-21 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-21 production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-22 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-22 production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-23 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-23 production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-24 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-24 production.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-24 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-25 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-25 production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-25 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-26 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-26 production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-26 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-27 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-27 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production.
+ regulation of IL-3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-4 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
+ regulation of IL-4 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-5 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-5 production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-6 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-6 production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-7 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-7 production.
+ regulation of IL-7 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-8 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-8 production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-9 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-9 production.
+ regulation of IL-9 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TRAIL production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TNF production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
+ regulation of TNF-alpha production
+ Note that this term refers only to the specific, original 'tumor necrosis factor' protein (TNF) and not other members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (those with the gene symbol root 'TNFSF').
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lymphotoxin A production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphotoxin A production.
+ regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha production
+ regulation of TNF-beta production
+ regulation of LTA production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chemokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of chemokine production
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of chemokine production
+ down regulation of chemokine production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
+ inhibition of chemokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of connective tissue growth factor production
+ negative regulation of CTGF production
+ inhibition of connective tissue growth factor production
+ negative regulation of Fisp12 production
+ negative regulation of Hcs24 production
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of CCN2 production
+ down regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
+ negative regulation of IGFBP8 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of connective tissue growth factor production.
+ negative regulation of hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 production
+ down-regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fractalkine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of fractalkine production
+ downregulation of fractalkine production
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of fractalkine production
+ inhibition of fractalkine production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of fractalkine production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+ down regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+ down-regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+ inhibition of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
+ down-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
+ inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of hepatocyte growth factor production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interferon-alpha production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of interferon-alpha production
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of interferon-alpha production
+ inhibition of interferon-alpha production
+ down-regulation of interferon-alpha production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interferon-beta production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of interferon-beta production
+ inhibition of interferon-beta production
+ downregulation of interferon-beta production
+ down-regulation of interferon-beta production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interferon-gamma production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of interferon-gamma production
+ down-regulation of interferon-gamma production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
+ downregulation of interferon-gamma production
+ inhibition of interferon-gamma production
+ negative regulation of type II interferon production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of interleukin-1 alpha production
+ negative regulation of IL-1 alpha production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.
+ downregulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
+ down regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
+ inhibition of interleukin-1 beta production
+ down regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
+ negative regulation of IL-1 beta production
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of interleukin-1 beta production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of interleukin-1 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-1 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-1 production
+ negative regulation of IL-1 production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.
+ downregulation of interleukin-1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-10 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
+ negative regulation of IL-10 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-10 production
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of interleukin-10 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-10 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-10 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-11 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of interleukin-11 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-11 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-11 production
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-11 production
+ negative regulation of IL-11 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-11 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-12 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
+ inhibition of interleukin-12 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-12 production
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of interleukin-12 production
+ negative regulation of IL-12 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-12 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-13 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of IL-13 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-13 production
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-13 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-13 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-13 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-14 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of interleukin-14 production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-14 production.
+ inhibition of interleukin-14 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-14 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-14 production
+ negative regulation of IL-14 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-15 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of interleukin-15 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production.
+ down-regulation of interleukin-15 production
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of interleukin-15 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-15 production
+ negative regulation of IL-15 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-16 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-16 production.
+ downregulation of interleukin-16 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-16 production
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of interleukin-16 production
+ negative regulation of IL-16 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-16 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-17 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of interleukin-17 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-17 production
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of interleukin-17 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-17 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-17 production.
+ negative regulation of IL-17 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-18 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of IL-18 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-18 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-18 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-18 production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.
+ down regulation of interleukin-18 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-19 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of interleukin-19 production
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-19 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-19 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-19 production
+ negative regulation of IL-19 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-19 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of interleukin-2 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-2 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-2 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
+ negative regulation of IL-2 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-20 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of IL-20 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-20 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-20 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-20 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-20 production.
+ downregulation of interleukin-20 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-21 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of interleukin-21 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-21 production
+ negative regulation of IL-21 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production.
+ down regulation of interleukin-21 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-21 production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-22 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of interleukin-22 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-22 production
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of IL-22 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-22 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-22 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-23 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of interleukin-23 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-23 production
+ negative regulation of IL-23 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-23 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-23 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-24 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of interleukin-24 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-24 production.
+ downregulation of interleukin-24 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-24 production
+ negative regulation of IL-24 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-24 production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-25 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-25 production.
+ negative regulation of IL-25 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-25 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-25 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-25 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-25 production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-26 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of interleukin-26 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-26 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-26 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-26 production
+ negative regulation of IL-26 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-26 production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-27 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of interleukin-27 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-27 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production.
+ downregulation of interleukin-27 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-27 production
+ negative regulation of IL-27 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of interleukin-3 production
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of interleukin-3 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-3 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-3 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production.
+ negative regulation of IL-3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-4 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of interleukin-4 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
+ negative regulation of IL-4 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-4 production
+ inhibition of interleukin-4 production
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-4 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-5 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.
+ downregulation of interleukin-5 production
+ negative regulation of IL-5 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-5 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-5 production
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of interleukin-5 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-6 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of IL-6 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-6 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-6 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-6 production
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of interleukin-6 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-7 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of interleukin-7 production
+ negative regulation of IL-7 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-7 production.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-7 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-7 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-7 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-8 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of interleukin-8 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-8 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-8 production
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of IL-8 production
+ down regulation of interleukin-8 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-9 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of interleukin-9 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-9 production.
+ negative regulation of IL-9 production
+ downregulation of interleukin-9 production
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of interleukin-9 production
+ down-regulation of interleukin-9 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TRAIL production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production.
+ downregulation of TRAIL production
+ down regulation of TRAIL production
+ inhibition of TRAIL production
+ down-regulation of TRAIL production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation TNF production
+ down regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
+ negative regulation TNF-alpha production
+ Note that this term refers only to the specific, original 'tumor necrosis factor' protein (TNF) and not other members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (those with the gene symbol root 'TNFSF').
+ downregulation of tumor necrosis factor production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
+ negative regulation tumor necrosis factor-alpha production
+ down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of tumor necrosis factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lymphotoxin A production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of LTA production
+ downregulation of lymphotoxin A production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphotoxin A production.
+ negative regulation of TNF-beta production
+ down regulation of lymphotoxin A production
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta production
+ down-regulation of lymphotoxin A production
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha production
+ inhibition of lymphotoxin A production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chemokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chemokine production.
+ stimulation of chemokine production
+ up regulation of chemokine production
+ up-regulation of chemokine production
+ activation of chemokine production
+ upregulation of chemokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of CCN2 production
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
+ stimulation of connective tissue growth factor production
+ positive regulation of Fisp12 production
+ positive regulation of Hcs24 production
+ activation of connective tissue growth factor production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of connective tissue growth factor production.
+ positive regulation of CTGF production
+ up regulation of connective tissue growth factor production
+ upregulation of connective tissue growth factor production
+ positive regulation of IGFBP8 production
+ positive regulation of hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fractalkine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of fractalkine production
+ upregulation of fractalkine production
+ up regulation of fractalkine production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of fractalkine production.
+ stimulation of fractalkine production
+ up-regulation of fractalkine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+ upregulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+ up regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
+ activation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+ stimulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
+ biological_process
+ activation of hepatocyte growth factor production
+ stimulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
+ up-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
+ up regulation of hepatocyte growth factor production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of hepatocyte growth factor production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interferon-alpha production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of interferon-alpha production
+ up regulation of interferon-alpha production
+ up-regulation of interferon-alpha production
+ stimulation of interferon-alpha production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-alpha production.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of interferon-alpha production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interferon-beta production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of interferon-beta production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-beta production.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of interferon-beta production
+ activation of interferon-beta production
+ upregulation of interferon-beta production
+ up-regulation of interferon-beta production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interferon-gamma production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interferon-gamma production. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
+ up regulation of interferon-gamma production
+ positive regulation of type II interferon production
+ upregulation of interferon-gamma production
+ activation of interferon-gamma production
+ up-regulation of interferon-gamma production
+ stimulation of interferon-gamma production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 alpha production.
+ upregulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
+ up regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
+ positive regulation of IL-1 alpha production
+ activation of interleukin-1 alpha production
+ stimulation of interleukin-1 alpha production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of interleukin-1 beta production
+ up regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
+ upregulation of interleukin-1 beta production
+ positive regulation of IL-1 beta production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production.
+ up-regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
+ stimulation of interleukin-1 beta production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of interleukin-1 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-1 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-1 production
+ activation of interleukin-1 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of IL-1 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of interleukin-10 production
+ positive regulation of IL-10 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-10 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-10 production.
+ activation of interleukin-10 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-10 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-10 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-11 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-11 production.
+ up-regulation of interleukin-11 production
+ activation of interleukin-11 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-11 production
+ positive regulation of IL-11 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-11 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-11 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-12 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-12 production
+ positive regulation of IL-12 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-12 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-12 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-12 production.
+ activation of interleukin-12 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-12 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-13 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of interleukin-13 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-13 production
+ activation of interleukin-13 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-13 production.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of interleukin-13 production
+ positive regulation of IL-13 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-13 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-14 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of interleukin-14 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-14 production
+ activation of interleukin-14 production
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of IL-14 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-14 production.
+ stimulation of interleukin-14 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-14 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-15 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of interleukin-15 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-15 production
+ activation of interleukin-15 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-15 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-15 production
+ positive regulation of IL-15 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-15 production.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-16 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-16 production.
+ up-regulation of interleukin-16 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-16 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-16 production
+ positive regulation of IL-16 production
+ activation of interleukin-16 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-16 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-17 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of interleukin-17 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-17 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-17 production.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of IL-17 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-17 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-17 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-17 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-18 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of interleukin-18 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-18 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-18 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-18 production.
+ up regulation of interleukin-18 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-18 production
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of IL-18 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-19 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of IL-19 production
+ biological_process
+ activation of interleukin-19 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-19 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-19 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-19 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-19 production.
+ stimulation of interleukin-19 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of interleukin-2 production
+ positive regulation of IL-2 production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production.
+ activation of interleukin-2 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-2 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-2 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-20 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of interleukin-20 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-20 production.
+ positive regulation of IL-20 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-20 production
+ activation of interleukin-20 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-20 production
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of interleukin-20 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-21 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of interleukin-21 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-21 production.
+ upregulation of interleukin-21 production
+ positive regulation of IL-21 production
+ activation of interleukin-21 production
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of interleukin-21 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-21 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-22 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of interleukin-22 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-22 production
+ activation of interleukin-22 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-22 production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-22 production.
+ positive regulation of IL-22 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-22 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-23 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of interleukin-23 production
+ positive regulation of IL-23 production
+ biological_process
+ activation of interleukin-23 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-23 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.
+ stimulation of interleukin-23 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-23 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-24 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of interleukin-24 production
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of IL-24 production
+ activation of interleukin-24 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-24 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-24 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-24 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-24 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-25 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of interleukin-25 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-25 production.
+ activation of interleukin-25 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-25 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-25 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-25 production
+ positive regulation of IL-25 production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-26 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of interleukin-26 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-26 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-26 production.
+ stimulation of interleukin-26 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-26 production
+ biological_process
+ activation of interleukin-26 production
+ positive regulation of IL-26 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-27 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of interleukin-27 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-27 production.
+ positive regulation of IL-27 production
+ activation of interleukin-27 production
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of interleukin-27 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-27 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-27 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of interleukin-3 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-3 production.
+ upregulation of interleukin-3 production
+ activation of interleukin-3 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-3 production
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of interleukin-3 production
+ positive regulation of IL-3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-4 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-4 production.
+ up regulation of interleukin-4 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-4 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-4 production
+ biological_process
+ activation of interleukin-4 production
+ positive regulation of IL-4 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-4 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-5 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of interleukin-5 production
+ activation of interleukin-5 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-5 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-5 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-5 production
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of IL-5 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-5 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of interleukin-6 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-6 production
+ positive regulation of IL-6 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-6 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-6 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-6 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-7 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of IL-7 production
+ activation of interleukin-7 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-7 production.
+ up regulation of interleukin-7 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-7 production
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of interleukin-7 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-7 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of interleukin-8 production
+ positive regulation of IL-8 production
+ biological_process
+ activation of interleukin-8 production
+ stimulation of interleukin-8 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production.
+ up-regulation of interleukin-8 production
+ up regulation of interleukin-8 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-9 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of interleukin-9 production
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of interleukin-9 production
+ up-regulation of interleukin-9 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-9 production.
+ positive regulation of IL-9 production
+ upregulation of interleukin-9 production
+ activation of interleukin-9 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of TRAIL production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of TRAIL production
+ stimulation of TRAIL production
+ activation of TRAIL production
+ up-regulation of TRAIL production
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of TRAIL production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of TRAIL production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production.
+ positive regulation of TNF-alpha production
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production
+ Note that this term refers only to the specific, original 'tumor necrosis factor' protein (TNF) and not other members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (those with the gene symbol root 'TNFSF').
+ activation of tumor necrosis factor production
+ upregulation of tumor necrosis factor production
+ stimulation of tumor necrosis factor production
+ positive regulation of TNF production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lymphotoxin A production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of lymphotoxin A production
+ up regulation of lymphotoxin A production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphotoxin A production.
+ activation of lymphotoxin A production
+ upregulation of lymphotoxin A production
+ positive regulation of TNF-beta production
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta production
+ positive regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha production
+ up-regulation of lymphotoxin A production
+ positive regulation of LTA production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell cytokine production
+
+ Any process that contributes to cytokine production by a mast cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mast cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mast cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of mast cell cytokine production
+ down-regulation of mast cell cytokine production
+ downregulation of mast cell cytokine production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.
+ down regulation of mast cell cytokine production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mast cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of mast cell cytokine production
+ upregulation of mast cell cytokine production
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of mast cell cytokine production
+ activation of mast cell cytokine production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell cytokine production.
+ up regulation of mast cell cytokine production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NHE3/E3KARP/ACTN4 complex
+
+
+ NHE3/E3KARP/alpha-actinin complex
+ cellular_component
+ A heterotrimeric protein complex formed by the association of NHE3, E3KARP and alpha-actinin upon an increase in calcium ion concentration; found in clusters localized on plasma membrane and in intracellular compartments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of monooxygenase activity
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a monooxygenase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of monooxygenase activity
+
+
+ down regulation of monooxygenase activity
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of monooxygenase activity
+ downregulation of monooxygenase activity
+ down-regulation of monooxygenase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a monooxygenase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of monooxygenase activity
+
+
+ upregulation of monooxygenase activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a monooxygenase.
+ up regulation of monooxygenase activity
+ stimulation of monooxygenase activity
+ activation of monooxygenase activity
+ up-regulation of monooxygenase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of monophenol monooxygenase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme monophenol monooxygenase. Monophenol monooxygenase catalyzes the reaction: L-tyrosine + L-DOPA + O2 = L-DOPA + DOPAquinone + H2O.
+ regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of monophenol monooxygenase activity
+
+
+ negative regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
+ inhibition of monophenol oxygenase activity
+ downregulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme monophenol monooxygenase. Monophenol monooxygenase catalyzes the reaction: L-tyrosine + L-DOPA + O2 = L-DOPA + DOPAquinone + H2O.
+ down-regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
+ down regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of monophenol monooxygenase activity
+
+
+ up regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
+ upregulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
+ stimulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
+ positive regulation of monophenol oxygenase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme monophenol oxygenase. Monophenol monooxygenase catalyzes the reaction: L-tyrosine + L-DOPA + O2 = L-DOPA + DOPAquinone + H2O.
+ activation of monophenol oxygenase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. Includes polymerization of ribonucleotide monomers.
+ RNA biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ RNA synthesis
+ RNA anabolism
+ RNA formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA methylation on adenine
+
+ biological_process
+ The covalent transfer of a methyl group to N-6 of adenine in a DNA molecule.
+ adenine methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA methylation on cytosine
+
+ The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 or N-4 of cytosine in a DNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+ cytosine methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Piccolo NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterotrimeric H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex with a substrate preference of chromatin over free histones. It contains a subset of the proteins found in the larger NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex; for example, the S. cerevisiae complex contains Esa1p, Yng2p, and Epl1p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ copper-induced intracellular protein transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell, induced by an increase in copper ion concentration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ATPase activity
+
+
+ downregulation of ATPase activity
+ inhibition of ATPase activity
+ down-regulation of ATPase activity
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of adenosinetriphosphatase activity
+ down regulation of ATPase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ATPase activity
+
+
+ positive regulation of adenosinetriphosphatase activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
+ up-regulation of ATPase activity
+ stimulation of ATPase activity
+ activation of ATPase activity
+ up regulation of ATPase activity
+ upregulation of ATPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bile acid secretion
+
+ The regulated release of bile acid, composed of any of a group of steroid carboxylic acids occurring in bile, by a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ELL-EAF complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric protein complex that acts as an RNA polymerase II elongation factor; the complex is conserved from yeast to humans, and is present in S. pombe, but absent from S. cerevisiae.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of RNA elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of transcriptional elongation
+ regulation of transcription elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of RNA elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription elongation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of RNA elongation
+ down-regulation of RNA elongation
+ downregulation of RNA elongation
+ negative regulation of transcriptional elongation
+ down regulation of RNA elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of RNA elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of RNA elongation
+ stimulation of RNA elongation
+ up-regulation of RNA elongation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation by the addition of ribonucleotides catalyzed by an RNA polymerase.
+ positive regulation of transcriptional elongation
+ positive regulation of transcription elongation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of RNA elongation
+ upregulation of RNA elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocarboxylic acid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ monocarboxylate metabolic process
+ monocarboxylic acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ saturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving saturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and fully saturated C-C bonds.
+ saturated monocarboxylic acid metabolism
+ saturated monocarboxylate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unsaturated monocarboxylic acid metabolic process
+
+ unsaturated monocarboxylate metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one carboxyl (COOH) group or anion (COO-) and one or more unsaturated C-C bonds.
+ biological_process
+ unsaturated monocarboxylic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosome disassembly
+
+ The disaggregation of a ribosome into its constituent components; includes the dissociation of ribosomal subunits.
+ biological_process
+ ribosome dissociation factor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity
+
+ CREB inhibitor
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of CREB transcription factor
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the transcription factor CREB.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor CREB.
+ activation of CREB transcription factor
+ activation of CREB
+ CREB activator
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uropod organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a uropod, a rigid membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a lymphocyte or other cell in the process of migrating or being activated.
+ biological_process
+ uropod organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SMN complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ survival motor neuron complex
+ A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and Unrip proteins; the complex is found in the cytoplasm and in nuclear Gems, and is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm and in pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus.
+ Note that a larger complex containing Sm proteins and other subunits is also sometimes referred to as the 'SMN complex'. The larger complex is represented by 'SMN-Sm protein complex ; GO:0034719'.
+ SMN core complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Swi5-Sfr1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term refers to Schizosaccharomyces pombe Swi5, which should not be confused with the unrelated Saccharomyces Swi5p.
+ A conserved DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains two Swi5 monomers and one Sfr1 monomer in Schizosaccharomyces, or orthologs thereof (e.g. Sae3p and Mei5p in Saccharomyces).
+ Sae3-Mei5 complex
+ Swi5 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low-density lipoprotein receptor metabolic process
+
+ low-density lipoprotein receptor metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving low-density lipoprotein receptors.
+ LDL receptor metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+ receptor synthesis
+ receptor biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
+ receptor anabolism
+ receptor formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
+ biological_process
+ receptor catabolism
+ receptor breakdown
+ receptor degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+
+
+ LDL receptor catabolism
+ low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolism
+ LDL receptor catabolic process
+ low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation
+ biological_process
+ LDL receptor degradation
+ low-density lipoprotein receptor breakdown
+ LDL receptor breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a low-density lipoprotein receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor breakdown
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
+ regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation
+ regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolism
+ regulation of LDLr catabolic process
+ regulation of LDLr catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolism
+ inhibition of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+ down-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+ negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor breakdown
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
+ down regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+ negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor degradation
+ positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor breakdown
+ biological_process
+ activation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
+ positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolism
+ up regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+ up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+ stimulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+ upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carboxy-terminal domain protein kinase complex
+
+
+ CTDK complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that phosphorylates Ser2 and Ser5 of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain repeats; in Saccharomyces the complex contains Ctk1p, Ctk2p, and Ctk3p.
+ CTDK-1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA ligase IV complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p.
+ DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lacrimal gland development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell soma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The plasma membrane of a cell that bears surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella, excluding the plasma membrane on cell projections.
+ cellular_component
+ cell body membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of epinephrine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.
+ downregulation of epinephrine secretion
+ down regulation of epinephrine secretion
+ inhibition of epinephrine secretion
+ down-regulation of epinephrine secretion
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of adrenaline secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epinephrine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adrenaline secretion
+ upregulation of epinephrine secretion
+ up regulation of epinephrine secretion
+ activation of epinephrine secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.
+ stimulation of epinephrine secretion
+ up-regulation of epinephrine secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.
+ regulation of NK cell activation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell activation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.
+ inhibition of natural killer cell activation
+ negative regulation of NK cell activation
+ downregulation of natural killer cell activation
+ down regulation of natural killer cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell activation.
+ activation of natural killer cell activation
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell activation
+ stimulation of natural killer cell activation
+ positive regulation of NK cell activation
+ up regulation of natural killer cell activation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of natural killer cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.
+ regulation of NK cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of NK cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.
+ downregulation of natural killer cell proliferation
+ inhibition of natural killer cell proliferation
+ down regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of natural killer cell proliferation
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of NK cell proliferation
+ stimulation of natural killer cell proliferation
+ up regulation of natural killer cell proliferation
+ activation of natural killer cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of NK cell proliferation during immune response
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation during an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+ negative regulation of NK cell proliferation during immune response
+ down regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NK cell proliferation during immune response
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+ upregulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+ activation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell proliferation during an immune response.
+ stimulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of natural killer cell proliferation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NK cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
+ inhibition of natural killer cell differentiation
+ down regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of NK cell differentiation
+ downregulation of natural killer cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of natural killer cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of natural killer cell differentiation
+ activation of natural killer cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation.
+ up regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of NK cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation during an immune response.
+ regulation of NK cell differentiation during immune response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of NK cell differentiation during immune response
+ downregulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation during an immune response.
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+ inhibition of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+ down regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+ positive regulation of NK cell differentiation during immune response
+ activation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+ upregulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+ up regulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+ stimulation of natural killer cell differentiation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell differentiation during an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+ inhibition of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells.
+ up regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation
+ upregulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation during immune response
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ down regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation during immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells during an immune response.
+ down-regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ inhibition of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+ downregulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-cell differentiation during immune response
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ up-regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+ activation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation during immune response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cells during an immune response.
+ upregulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+ up regulation of CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell differentiation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glomerulus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney.
+ glomerular development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glomerular basement membrane development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the glomerular basement membrane over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus which performs the actual filtration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ distributive segregation
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during a normally chiasmate meiosis under the condition that chiasma have not occurred between a particular pair of homologs. Distributive segregation is a "backup" mechanism to ensure the segregation of homologs that have failed to cross over - either as a consequence of mutation or not, as, for example, the 4th chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (which never exchanges, presumably due to its small size) - but nevertheless segregate normally.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell projection cytoplasm
+
+
+ All of the contents of a cell projection, excluding the plasma membrane surrounding the projection.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendrite cytoplasm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ All of the contents of a dendrite, excluding the surrounding plasma membrane.
+ dendritic cytoplasm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of homeostatic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a homeostatic process.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of homeostatic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of homeostatic process
+ down-regulation of homeostatic process
+ inhibition of homeostatic process
+ down regulation of homeostatic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a homeostatic process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of homeostatic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of homeostatic process
+ stimulation of homeostatic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a homeostatic process.
+ up regulation of homeostatic process
+ activation of homeostatic process
+ up-regulation of homeostatic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular pH reduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of reduction of pH in cell
+ regulation of cellular acidification
+ regulation of cell pH reduction
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.
+ regulation of reduction of cellular pH
+ regulation of intracellular acidification
+ regulation of intracellular pH reduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular pH reduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of reduction of cellular pH
+ downregulation of cellular pH reduction
+ negative regulation of intracellular acidification
+ negative regulation of cell pH reduction
+ negative regulation of intracellular pH reduction
+ down regulation of cellular pH reduction
+ negative regulation of reduction of pH in cell
+ negative regulation of cellular acidification
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.
+ inhibition of cellular pH reduction
+ down-regulation of cellular pH reduction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular pH reduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of cellular pH reduction
+ stimulation of cellular pH reduction
+ activation of cellular pH reduction
+ positive regulation of cell pH reduction
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of cellular pH reduction
+ positive regulation of intracellular acidification
+ positive regulation of reduction of cellular pH
+ up-regulation of cellular pH reduction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.
+ positive regulation of reduction of pH in cell
+ positive regulation of cellular acidification
+ positive regulation of intracellular pH reduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ARF GTPase activity
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of the GTPase ARF.
+ up regulation of ARF GTPase activity
+ stimulation of ARF GTPase activity
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of ARF GTPase activity
+ up-regulation of ARF GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Rab GTPase activity
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase of the Rab family.
+ upregulation of Rab GTPase activity
+ up regulation of Rab GTPase activity
+ up-regulation of Rab GTPase activity
+ stimulation of Rab GTPase activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Ral GTPase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of Ral GTPase activity
+ up regulation of Ral GTPase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase of the Ral family.
+ stimulation of Ral GTPase activity
+ upregulation of Ral GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Ran GTPase activity
+
+
+ stimulation of Ran GTPase activity
+ up-regulation of Ran GTPase activity
+ up regulation of Ran GTPase activity
+ upregulation of Ran GTPase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase of the Ran family.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Rap GTPase activity
+
+
+ up-regulation of Rap GTPase activity
+ stimulation of Rap GTPase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase of the Rap family.
+ up regulation of Rap GTPase activity
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of Rap GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Rac GTPase activity
+
+ up regulation of Rac GTPase activity
+ up-regulation of Rac GTPase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase of the Rac family.
+ upregulation of Rac GTPase activity
+ stimulation of Rac GTPase activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of Ras GTPase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase of the Ras superfamily through the replacement of GDP by GTP.
+ Ras GTPase activation
+ Note that this term should not be confused with the molecular function term 'Ras GTPase activator activity ; GO:0005099', which refers specifically to the activity of Ras GAPs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of ARF GTPase activity
+
+
+ ARF GTPase activation
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme ARF GTPase through the replacement of GDP by GTP.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be confused with the molecular function term 'ARF GTPase activator activity ; GO:0008060', which refers specifically to the activity of ARF GAPs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of Rab GTPase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be confused with the molecular function term 'Rab GTPase activator activity ; GO:0005097', which refers specifically to the activity of Rab GAPs.
+ Rab GTPase activation
+ Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase of the Rab family through the replacement of GDP by GTP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of Ral GTPase activity
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be confused with the molecular function term 'Ral GTPase activator activity ; GO:0017123', which refers specifically to the activity of Ral GAPs.
+ Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase of the Ral family through the replacement of GDP by GTP.
+ biological_process
+ Ral GTPase activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of Ran GTPase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Ran GTPase activation
+ Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase of the Ran family through the replacement of GDP by GTP.
+ Note that this term should not be confused with the molecular function term 'Ran GTPase activator activity ; GO:0005098', which refers specifically to the activity of Ran GAPs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of Rap GTPase activity
+
+
+ Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase of the Rap family through the replacement of GDP by GTP.
+ Note that this term should not be confused with the molecular function term 'Rap GTPase activator activity ; GO:0046582', which refers specifically to the activity of Rap GAPs.
+ biological_process
+ Rap GTPase activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of Rho GTPase activity
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be confused with the molecular function term 'Rho GTPase activator activity ; GO:0005100', which refers specifically to the activity of Rho GAPs.
+ biological_process
+ Rho GTPase activation
+ Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase of the Rho family through the replacement of GDP by GTP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of Rac GTPase activity
+
+
+ Rac GTPase activation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive GTPase of the Rac family through the replacement of GDP by GTP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of Cdc42 GTPase activity
+
+
+ Cdc42 GTPase activation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive GTPase Cdc42 through the replacement of GDP by GTP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mdm10/Mdm12/Mmm1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that links mtDNA and mitochondrial outer and inner membranes to the cytoskeletal system.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to insulin stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to insulin stimulus
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to hormone stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of karyogamy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of karyogamy, the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei as a result of membrane fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of p38 MAPK signaling
+ regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.
+ regulation of p38 MAPK signalling
+ biological_process
+ regulation of stress-activated MAPK signaling pathway
+ regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK cascade
+ regulation of stress-activated MAPK signalling pathway
+ regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.
+ down-regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+ negative regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signaling pathway
+ down regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+ negative regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of stress-activated MAPK signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of p38 MAPK signaling
+ negative regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK cascade
+ negative regulation of p38 MAPK signalling
+ inhibition of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade.
+ positive regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+ positive regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of stress-activated MAPKKK cascade
+ positive regulation of p38 MAPK signalling
+ upregulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+ positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK signalling pathway
+ activation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+ stimulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade
+ positive regulation of p38 MAPK signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA endoreduplication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.
+ regulation of DNA endoreplication
+ regulation of DNA re-duplication
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of DNA endoreduplication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of DNA endoreduplication
+ down regulation of DNA endoreduplication
+ down-regulation of DNA endoreduplication
+ negative regulation of DNA re-duplication
+ inhibition of DNA endoreduplication
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.
+ negative regulation of DNA endoreplication
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA endoreduplication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of DNA endoreduplication
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of DNA endoreduplication
+ stimulation of DNA endoreduplication
+ up regulation of DNA endoreduplication
+ activation of DNA endoreduplication
+ positive regulation of DNA endoreplication
+ positive regulation of DNA re-duplication
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of polysaccharide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chitin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of chitin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chitin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chitin synthesis
+ regulation of chitin anabolism
+ regulation of chitin formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chitin.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of chitin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell wall chitin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cell wall chitin biosynthesis
+ regulation of cell wall chitin formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin.
+ regulation of cell wall chitin anabolism
+ regulation of cell wall chitin synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of polysaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microtubule-based process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of spindle elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitotic spindle elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vacuole fusion, non-autophagic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of organic acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of organic acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of organic acid transport
+ down-regulation of organic acid transport
+ downregulation of organic acid transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of organic acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of organic acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of organic acid transport
+ activation of organic acid transport
+ upregulation of organic acid transport
+ up regulation of organic acid transport
+ up-regulation of organic acid transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of organic acids into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gluconate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gluconate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ inhibition of gluconate transport
+ down regulation of gluconate transport
+ down-regulation of gluconate transport
+ downregulation of gluconate transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gluconate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of gluconate transport
+ up regulation of gluconate transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gluconate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ upregulation of gluconate transport
+ induction of gluconate transport
+ stimulation of gluconate transport
+ biological_process
+ activation of gluconate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of viral transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of viral transcription
+ downregulation of viral transcription
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
+ down regulation of viral transcription
+ down-regulation of viral transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotrophin production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of a neurotrophin due to biosynthesis or secretion by cells in a neuron's target field, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. A neurotrophin is any of a family of growth factors that block apoptosis in neurons and thus promote nerve growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neurotrophin production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neurotrophin production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of neurotrophin production
+ downregulation of neurotrophin production
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of neurotrophin production
+ down-regulation of neurotrophin production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neurotrophin production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of a neurotrophin.
+ upregulation of neurotrophin production
+ activation of neurotrophin production
+ up-regulation of neurotrophin production
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of neurotrophin production
+ stimulation of neurotrophin production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nerve growth factor production
+
+ The appearance of nerve growth factor due to biosynthesis or secretion by cells in a neuron's target field, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ NGF production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nerve growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of nerve growth factor.
+ regulation of NGF production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nerve growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of nerve growth factor production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of nerve growth factor.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of nerve growth factor production
+ negative regulation of NGF production
+ down regulation of nerve growth factor production
+ down-regulation of nerve growth factor production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+
+ biological_process
+ TGFB1 production
+ The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta1 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ TGF-B1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+
+ TGFB2 production
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta2 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ TGF-B2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+
+ TGF-B3 production
+ The appearance of transforming growth factor-beta3 due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels.
+ TGFB3 production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TGFB1 production
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.
+ regulation of TGF-B1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TGF-B2 production
+ regulation of TGFB2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TGF-B3 production
+ regulation of TGFB3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TGF-B1 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.
+ downregulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+ down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+ inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+ negative regulation of TGFB1 production
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+ negative regulation of TGF-B2 production
+ down regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+ negative regulation of TGFB2 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.
+ inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+ downregulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of TGFB3 production
+ down regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.
+ negative regulation of TGF-B3 production
+ down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of TGF-B1 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta1.
+ positive regulation of TGFB1 production
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+ up regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+ up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+ stimulation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+ activation of transforming growth factor-beta1 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+ up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+ stimulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2.
+ positive regulation of TGFB2 production
+ up regulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+ positive regulation of TGF-B2 production
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta2 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta3.
+ positive regulation of TGFB3 production
+ positive regulation of TGF-B3 production
+ stimulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+ activation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+ upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta3 production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyamine acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of polyamines by addition of acetyl groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermidine acetylation
+
+
+ The modification of spermidine by addition of acetyl groups.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermine acetylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of spermine by addition of acetyl groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ putrescine acetylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of putrescine by addition of acetyl groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcosine oxidase complex
+
+
+ A complex consisting of 4 protein subunits as a heterotetramer, that possesses sarcosine oxidase activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian regulation of gene expression
+
+
+ biological_process
+ diurnal variation of protein expression
+ diurnal variation of gene expression
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression such that an expression pattern recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
+ circadian regulation of protein expression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphonate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphonates, any organic compound containing one or more C-PO(OH)2 or C-PO(OR)2 (with R=alkyl, aryl) groups. Synthesis of phosphonic acid itself, an inorganic compound without the biochemically relevant C-P bond, is not included.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activin receptor signaling pathway
+
+ activin receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the activin family binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of activin signalling pathway
+ regulation of activin receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of activin signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of activin receptor signalling pathway
+ down regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
+ downregulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of activin signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of activin signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of activin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of activin signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of activin signaling pathway
+ stimulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of activin receptor signalling pathway
+ upregulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
+ activation of activin receptor signaling pathway
+ up regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of superoxide release
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of superoxide release
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of superoxide release
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of superoxide release
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.
+ down regulation of superoxide release
+ down-regulation of superoxide release
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of superoxide release
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of superoxide release
+ up-regulation of superoxide release
+ up regulation of superoxide release
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell.
+ stimulation of superoxide release
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of superoxide release
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of spindle astral microtubule depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astral microtubule stabilization
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the depolymerization of astral microtubules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SREBP-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus generated as a consequence of altered levels of one or more lipids, and resulting in the activation of transcription by SREBP.
+ SREBP-mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SREBP-SCAP complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) and SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) in the ER membrane; in the absence of sterols, the SREBP-SCAP complex is packaged into COPII vesicles and travels to the Golgi apparatus to be processed.
+ Sre1-Scp1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SREBP-SCAP-Insig complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex formed by the association of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), SREBP-cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), and an Insig protein (Insig-1 or Insig-2) the ER membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
+ upregulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
+ up-regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
+ activation of translation in response to oxidative stress
+ up regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretion by cell
+
+
+ The controlled release of a substance by a cell.
+ biological_process
+ cellular secretion
+ Wikipedia:Secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretion by tissue
+
+
+ The controlled release of a substance by a tissue.
+ expulsion of gland contents
+ tissue secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononuclear cell proliferation
+
+ PBMC proliferation
+ peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.
+ regulation of PBMC proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of PBMC proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.
+ negative regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+ activation of mononuclear cell proliferation
+ up-regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
+ stimulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
+ up regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of PBMC proliferation
+ upregulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of alpha-glucan metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-glucans.
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of alpha-glucan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways relusting in the formation of alpha-glucans.
+ regulation of alpha-glucan biosynthesis
+ regulation of alpha-glucan synthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of alpha-glucan anabolism
+ regulation of alpha-glucan formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of beta-glucan metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans.
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of beta-glucan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of beta-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways relusting in the formation of beta-glucans.
+ regulation of beta-glucan formation
+ regulation of beta-glucan anabolism
+ regulation of beta-glucan biosynthesis
+ regulation of beta-glucan synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,3 glucans.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthesis
+ regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways relusting in the formation of beta-1,3 glucans.
+ regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan anabolism
+ regulation of 1,3-beta-glucan formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokinetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cytokinetic process.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of barrier septum formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of barrier septum formation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol trisphosphate metabolic process
+
+ myo-inositol trisphosphate metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving myo-inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.
+ biological_process
+ inositol trisphosphate metabolism
+ IP3 metabolism
+ IP3 metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ inositol phosphate biosynthesis
+ inositol phosphate anabolism
+ inositol phosphate formation
+ See also the biological process term 'inositol and derivative phosphorylation ; GO:0046853'.
+ myo-inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
+ inositol phosphate synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
+ inositol trisphosphate synthesis
+ inositol trisphosphate formation
+ IP3 biosynthesis
+ inositol trisphosphate anabolism
+ inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
+ IP3 biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with three phosphate groups attached.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IP3 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of inositol trisphosphate formation
+ regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
+ regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IP3 biosynthesis
+ regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
+ regulation of inositol trisphosphate anabolism
+ regulation of inositol trisphosphate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.
+ negative regulation of inositol trisphosphate synthesis
+ negative regulation of inositol trisphosphate formation
+ negative regulation of IP3 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of IP3 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of inositol trisphosphate anabolism
+ negative regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inositol trisphosphate.
+ positive regulation of IP3 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate formation
+ positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate anabolism
+ positive regulation of IP3 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of inositol trisphosphate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of myo-inositol trisphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ collagen metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen biosynthetic process
+
+ biological_process
+ collagen anabolism
+ collagen formation
+ collagen biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. Collagen is highly enriched in glycine (some regions are 33% glycine) and proline, occurring predominantly as 3-hydroxyproline (about 20%).
+ collagen synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of collagen anabolism
+ regulation of collagen synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
+ regulation of collagen formation
+ regulation of collagen biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of collagen anabolism
+ negative regulation of collagen biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of collagen synthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
+ negative regulation of collagen formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of collagen anabolism
+ positive regulation of collagen formation
+ positive regulation of collagen biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of collagen synthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of RNA elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
+ positive regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosomal scaffold complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex in eukaryotic cells containing Mapbpip (p14,Rab25) and Map2k1ip1 (MP1). The complex anchors on late endosomes and is involved in activating ERK 1/2, key components in MAPK signaling.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin filament-based process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the actin cytoskeleton.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle filament sliding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle filament sliding.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle filament sliding speed
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the velocity of muscle filament sliding.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid export
+
+ amino acid efflux
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of amino acids out of a cell or organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid export from vacuole
+
+
+ biological_process
+ vacuolar amino acid export
+ amino acid efflux from vacuole
+ The directed movement of amino acids out of the vacuole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid import into vacuole
+
+
+ vacuolar amino acid import
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of amino acids into the vacuole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ release of matrix enzymes from mitochondria
+
+ release of aspartate aminotransferase from mitochondria
+ mAST release from mitochondria
+ biological_process
+ The process by which enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase, are enabled to move from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein insertion into membrane from inner side
+
+ biological_process
+ insertion of proteins into membrane from the inner side
+ The process by which a protein is incorporated into a lipid bilayer, e.g., the prokaryotic, mitochondrial, or chloroplast inner membrane, from the inner side.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane from inner side
+
+
+ The process by which a protein is incorporated into the mitochondrial membrane from the inner side. This includes membrane insertion of newly synthesized mitochondrially-encoded proteins, and insertion of nuclear-encoded proteins after their import into the mitochondrial matrix.
+ biological_process
+ insertion of proteins into the mitochondrial membrane from the inner side
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratinocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A change in the morphology or behavior of a keratinocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. Upon activation, keratinocytes become migratory and hyperproliferative, and produce growth factors and cytokines.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly
+
+
+ mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) assembly
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I.
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrial complex I assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin filament
+
+ thick filament
+ myosin thick filament
+ A protein complex containing myosin heavy chains, plus associated light chains and other proteins, in which the myosin heavy chains are arranged into a filament.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kainate selective glutamate receptor complex
+
+ An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the center of the receptor complex. Kainate receptors are multimeric assemblies of GluR5-7 and KA-1/2 subunits.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macromolecular complex disassembly
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ macromolecule complex disassembly
+ The disaggregation of a macromolecular complex into its constituent components.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-carbohydrate complex disassembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The disaggregation of a protein-carbohydrate complex into its constituent components.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-DNA complex disassembly
+
+ The disaggregation of a protein-DNA complex into its constituent components.
+ biological_process
+ DNA-protein complex disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-lipid complex disassembly
+
+ The disaggregation of a protein-lipid complex into its constituent components.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoprotein complex disassembly
+
+ The disaggregation of a protein-RNA complex into its constituent components.
+ biological_process
+ RNA-protein complex disassembly
+ RNP complex disassembly
+ protein-RNA complex disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular component morphogenesis
+
+
+
+ cellular structure morphogenesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ The process by which cellular structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell part morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a cell part are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macromolecular complex
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ A stable assembly of two or more macromolecules, i.e. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids, in which the constituent parts function together.
+ macromolecule complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-carbohydrate complex
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A macromolecular complex containing both protein and carbohydrate molecules.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-DNA complex
+
+ DNA-protein complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-lipid complex
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A macromolecular complex containing both protein and lipid molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the process by which a cell wall is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. The fungal-type cell wall contains beta-glucan and may contain chitin.
+ regulation of chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bcl3-Bcl10 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex containing Bcl3 and Bcl10, which forms when Akt1 is activated by TNF-alpha to phosphorylate Bcl10; the Bcl3-Bcl10 complex is translocated to the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fc receptor complex
+
+
+ A protein complex composed of a subunit or subunits capable of binding the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin with additional signaling components. The complex functions as a receptor for immunoglobulin.
+ cellular_component
+ immunoglobulin receptor complex
+ goslim_pir
+ Fc-receptor complex
+ FcR complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fc-epsilon receptor I complex
+
+ IgE receptor complex
+ immunoglobulin E receptor complex
+ A protein complex composed of an Fc-epsilon RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-episilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgE.
+ cellular_component
+ FceRI complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fc-alpha receptor I complex
+
+ immunoglobulin A receptor complex
+ FcaRI complex
+ IgA receptor complex
+ A protein complex composed of an Fc-alpha R alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgA.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fc-gamma receptor I complex
+
+ A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.
+ IgG receptor complex
+ immunoglobulin G receptor complex
+ FcgRI complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fc-gamma receptor III complex
+
+ IgG receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+ FcgRIII complex
+ A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RIII alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without an Fc-epsilon RI beta chain and additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG.
+ immunoglobulin G receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle cell proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ The expansion of a muscle cell population by cell division.
+ myocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mast cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mast cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mast cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mast cell activation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mast cell activation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation during an immune response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mast cell activation during immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell activation during an immune response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleomorph
+
+
+ A small, vestigial nucleus found in some plastids that derive from a eukaryotic endosymbiont. Observed in chlorarachniophytes and cryptomonads, which acquired their plastids from a green and red alga respectively.
+ Wikipedia:Nucleomorph
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paranodal junction
+
+ cellular_component
+ A highly specialized cell-cell junction found in vertebrates, which forms between a neuron and a glial cell, and has structural similarity to Drosophila septate junctions. It flanks the node of Ranvier in myelinated nerve and electrically isolates the myelinated from unmyelinated nerve segments and physically separates the voltage-gated sodium channels at the node from the cluster of potassium channels underneath the myelin sheath.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perinuclear theca
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A condensed cytoplasmic structure that covers the nucleus of mammalian spermatozoa except for a narrow zone around the insertion of the tail. It shows two distinct regions, a subacrosomal layer and, continuing caudally beyond the acrosomic system, the postacrosomal sheath. The perinuclear theca has been considered a cytoskeletal scaffold responsible for maintaining the overall architecture of the mature sperm head; however, recent studies indicate that the bulk of its constituent proteins are not traditional cytoskeletal proteins but rather a variety of cytosolic proteins.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ porosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ A permanent cup-shaped structure at the cell plasma membrane in secretory cells. Following a secretory stimulus, secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse at the base of porosomes and release intravesicular contents dictated by the turgor pressure generated from the swelling of secretory vesicles.
+ Wikipedia:Porosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrapyrrole metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
+ tetrapyrrole metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process
+
+ tetrapyrrole formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
+ tetrapyrrole anabolism
+ tetrapyrrole biosynthesis
+ tetrapyrrole synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrapyrrole catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
+ biological_process
+ tetrapyrrole breakdown
+ tetrapyrrole catabolism
+ tetrapyrrole degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhoptry membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a rhoptry.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclopentanol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclopentanol.
+ cyclopentanol metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclopentanol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ cyclopentanol synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ cyclopentanol biosynthesis
+ cyclopentanol anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyclopentanol.
+ cyclopentanol formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyclopentanol catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cyclopentanol catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclopentanol.
+ cyclopentanol breakdown
+ biological_process
+ cyclopentanol degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of mast cells such that the total number of mast cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+ Note that this term represents the return of mast cell levels to stable numbers following an immune response as well as the proliferation and elimination of mast cells required to maintain stable numbers in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ apoptosis of mast cells
+ The process of apoptosis in mast cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mast cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mast cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of mast cell apoptosis
+ down regulation of mast cell apoptosis
+ inhibition of mast cell apoptosis
+ down-regulation of mast cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a mast cell apoptosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mast cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of mast cell apoptosis
+ up-regulation of mast cell apoptosis
+ upregulation of mast cell apoptosis
+ up regulation of mast cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell apoptosis.
+ stimulation of mast cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid cell apoptosis
+
+ apoptosis of myeloid cells
+ biological_process
+ The process of apoptosis in myeloid cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neutrophil apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neutrophil apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of neutrophil apoptosis
+ inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a neutrophil apoptosis.
+ down regulation of neutrophil apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of neutrophil apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neutrophil apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil apoptosis.
+ upregulation of neutrophil apoptosis
+ activation of neutrophil apoptosis
+ stimulation of neutrophil apoptosis
+ up regulation of neutrophil apoptosis
+ up-regulation of neutrophil apoptosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of myeloid cell apoptosis
+ downregulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptosis.
+ down-regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
+ down regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
+ up regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+ activation of myeloid cell apoptosis
+ upregulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
+ stimulation of myeloid cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dipyrromethane cofactor binding
+
+ biological_process
+ Interacting selectively with the dipyrromethane cofactor, 3,8-bis(carboxymethyl)-9-methyl-5,10-dihydrodipyrrin-2,7-dipropionic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macromolecule localization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which a macromolecule is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polysaccharide localization
+
+ Any process by which a polysaccharide is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of organelle organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chromosome organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chromosome organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sister chromatid segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sister chromatid segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitotic sister chromatid segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid segregation during mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clavulanic acid metabolic process
+
+ clavulanic acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving clavulanic acid, (2R,3Z,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clavulanic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Clavulanic_acid
+ clavulanic acid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ clavulanic acid formation
+ clavulanic acid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of clavulanic acid, (2R,3Z,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid.
+ clavulanic acid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aminophosphonate metabolic process
+
+ aminophosphonate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aminophosphonates, amino acid derivatives that contain a phosphonic acid moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanoamino acid metabolic process
+
+ cyanoamino acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanoamino acids, amino acid derivatives that contain a cyanide group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-glutamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-glutamine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamine, i.e. (2R)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-glutamate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ D-glutamate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glutamate, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid glutamate, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopentanedioic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-arginine metabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arginine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid arginine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-arginine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-ornithine metabolic process
+
+
+
+ D-ornithine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-ornithine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid ornithine, i.e. (2R)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive behavior in a multicellular organism
+
+
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism that are associated with reproduction in a multicellular organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ directional locomotion
+
+ Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another along an axis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular pigmentation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ocellus pigmentation
+
+ The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in an ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA recombinase mediator complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that promotes nucleoprotein filament formation during homologous recombination; most known examples contain two or more RecA family proteins (often Rad51 paralogs).
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rhp55-Rhp57 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Rad55-Rad57 complex
+ A conserved heterodimeric DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the RecA family proteins Rhp55p and Rph57 in Schizosaccharomyces, or orthologs thereof (e.g. Rad55p and Rad57p in Saccharomyces).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rad51B-Rad51C-Rad51D-XRCC2 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ BCDX2 complex
+ A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B, RAD51C, RAD51D, and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ XRCC2-RAD51D complex
+
+ A heterodimeric DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51D and XRCC2, or orthologs thereof; conserved from fission yeast to human but absent from budding yeast.
+ DX2 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rad51C-XRCC3 complex
+
+ CX3 complex
+ cellular_component
+ A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51C and XRCC3, or orthologs thereof.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rad51B-Rad51C complex
+
+ A DNA recombinase mediator complex that contains the Rad51 paralogs RAD51B and RAD51C, or orthologs thereof.
+ BC complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrolide metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving macrolides, any of a large group of polyketide compounds that contain a large lactone ring with few or no double bonds and no nitrogen atoms, linked glycosidically to one or more sugar moieties. The macrolides include the carbomycins, the erythromycins, oleandomycin, oligomycins, and the spiramycins, and act as antibiotics, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ macrolide metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrolide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ macrolide biosynthesis
+ macrolide anabolism
+ macrolide formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of macrolides, any of a large group of polyketide compounds that contain a large lactone ring with few or no double bonds and no nitrogen atoms, linked glycosidically to one or more sugar moieties. The macrolides include the carbomycins, the erythromycins, oleandomycin, oligomycins, and the spiramycins, and act as antibiotics, mainly against Gram-positive bacteria.
+ macrolide synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ansamycin metabolic process
+
+
+ ansamycin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ansamycins, any of a group of complex macrolactam compounds characterized by a cyclic structure in which an aliphatic ansa chain forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of a cyclic p-system; many exhibit antibacterial, antifungal or antitumor activity.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ansamycin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ansamycin anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of ansamycins, any of a group of complex macrolactam compounds characterized by a cyclic structure in which an aliphatic ansa chain forms a bridge between two non-adjacent positions of a cyclic p-system; many exhibit antibacterial, antifungal or antitumor activity.
+ gosubset_prok
+ ansamycin formation
+ ansamycin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ ansamycin synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vancomycin metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ vancomycin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vancomycin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ vancomycin synthesis
+ vancomycin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of vancomycin, (3S,6R,7R,11R,23S,26S,30aS,36R,38aR)-44-[2-O-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,19-dichloro-2,3,4,5,6,7,23,25,26,36,37,38,38a-tetradecahydro-7,22,28,30,32-pentahydroxy-6-(N-methyl-D-leucyl)-2,5,24,38,39-pentaoxo-1H,22H-23,36-(epiminomethano)-8,11:18,21-dietheno-13,16:31,35-di(metheno)[1,6,9]oxadiazacyclohexadecino[4,5-m][10,2,16]benzoxadiazacyclotetracosine-26-carboxylic acid, a complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis that inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-positive bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ vancomycin biosynthesis
+ vancomycin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pinene metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.
+ pinene metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pinene catabolic process
+
+
+ pinene catabolism
+ pinene breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of the monoterpenoid pinene; alpha-pinene is (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, and beta-pinene is (1S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane.
+ biological_process
+ pinene degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ipecac alkaloid biosynthesis
+ isoquinoline alkaloid synthesis
+ isoquinoline alkaloid anabolism
+ isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ isoquinoline alkaloid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ipecac alkaloid metabolism
+ isoquinoline alkaloid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoquinoline alkaloids, alkaloid compounds that contain bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings and are derived from a 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) precursor that undergoes a Schiff base addition with aldehydes of different origin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell differentiation in the thymus
+
+ thymocyte cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus.
+ biological_process
+ thymic T cell differentiation
+ thymocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrathymic T cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway independent of the thymus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature T cell proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature T cell proliferation in the thymus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thymocyte cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ thymic T cell proliferation
+ thymocyte proliferation
+ The expansion of an immature T cell population by cell division in the thymus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell differentiation in the thymus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thymic T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of thymocyte differentiation
+ regulation of thymocyte cell differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immature T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thymocyte cell proliferation
+ regulation of thymic T cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of thymocyte proliferation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell differentiation in the thymus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of thymocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of thymocyte cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of thymic T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of thymocyte proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of thymic T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of thymocyte cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell differentiation in the thymus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of thymic T cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation in the thymus.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of thymocyte cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of thymocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of extrathymic T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrathymic T cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of thymic T cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of thymocyte proliferation
+ positive regulation of thymocyte cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of immature T cell proliferation in the thymus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Weibel-Palade body
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Weibel-Palade_body
+ A large, elongated, rod-shaped secretory granule characteristic of vascular endothelial cells that contain a number of structurally and functionally distinct proteins, of which the best characterized are von Willebrand factor (VWF) and P-selectin. Weibel-Palade bodies are formed from the trans-Golgi network in a process that depends on VWF, which is densely packed in a highly organized manner, and on coat proteins that remain associated with the granules. Upon cell stimulation, regulated exocytosis releases the contained proteins to the cell surface, where they act in the recruitment of platelets and leukocytes and in inflammatory and vasoactive responses.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aleurone grain
+
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane-bounded storage granule found in cells of the aleurone layer in plants; contains either a protein matrix, protein-carbohydrate bodies and/or globoids. Aleurone grains are formed by the vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum and dictyosomes.
+ aleurone body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amyloplast envelope
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The double lipid bilayer enclosing the amyloplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amyloplast membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an amyloplast and form the amyloplast envelope.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amyloplast inner membrane
+
+
+ The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the amyloplast envelope; also faces the amyloplast stroma.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment organelle
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane-bounded extension of the cell, originally characterized in Mycoplasma species, that contains an electron-dense core that is part of the cytoskeleton and is oriented lengthwise and ends distally in a bulbous knob (terminal button). Required for adherence to host cells and involved in gliding motility and cell division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A Gcn5-independent multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histone H3. The budding yeast complex includes Sas3p, Taf30p, and Yng1p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular bud membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cellular bud.
+ cellular bud plasma membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acidocalcisome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding an acidocalcisome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein secretion by the type VI secretion system
+
+ protein secretion by the T6SS
+ Note that this term represents an activity and not a cellular structure. Consider also annotating to the cellular component term 'type VI protein secretion system complex ; GO:0033104'.
+ The process by which proteins are transferred into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells by the type VI secretion system. Proteins secreted by this system do not require an N-terminal signal sequence.
+ biological_process
+ type VI protein secretion system
+ protein secretion by the type VI protein secretion system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type VI protein secretion system complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of proteins that permits the transfer of proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells via the type VI secretion system. Proteins secreted by this complex do not require an N-terminal signal sequence.
+ gosubset_prok
+ T6SS complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorosome envelope
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorosome membrane
+ Note that the chlorosome envelope is not a single or double lipid bilayer, so this term is not a child of 'organelle membrane ; GO:0031090' or 'organelle envelope ; GO:0031967'.
+ The structure, composed of a monolayer of glycolipids with embedded proteins, that encloses the pigments and other contents of the chlorosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cis-Golgi network membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Golgi cis face membrane
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the cis-Golgi network.
+ cis Golgi network membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CVT vesicle
+
+ cellular_component
+ A cytosolic vesicle that is enclosed by a double membrane and is implicated in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway. These vesicles are found in the yeast S. cerevisiae, and contain vacuolar hydrolases, aminopeptidase I (Ape1p) and alpha-mannosidase (Ams1p).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical actin cytoskeleton stabilization
+
+ The process by which the assembly and arrangement of cytoskeletal structures in the actin cortex with respect to the plasma membrane is maintained.
+ biological_process
+ actin cortex stabilization
+ cortical resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CVT vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The double lipid bilayer surrounding a CVT vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment organelle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding an attachment organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanelle envelope
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The double lipid bilayer enclosing the cyanelle and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanelle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a cyanelle and form the cyanelle envelope.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanelle thylakoid lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by a cyanelle thylakoid membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanelle thylakoid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a cyanelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ esterosome
+
+ A vesicle filled with crystalline protein that shows sequence similarities with various esterases.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ esterosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding an esterosome. This membrane has characteristics of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membranes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of RNA splicing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of RNA splicing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of purine nucleotide catabolism
+ regulation of purine nucleotide breakdown
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
+ regulation of purine nucleotide degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of purine nucleotide catabolism
+ negative regulation of purine nucleotide breakdown
+ negative regulation of purine nucleotide degradation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of purine nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of purine nucleotide breakdown
+ positive regulation of purine nucleotide catabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of purine nucleotides.
+ positive regulation of purine nucleotide degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of GTP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
+ regulation of GTP catabolism
+ regulation of GTP breakdown
+ regulation of GTP degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of GTP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of GTP breakdown
+ negative regulation of GTP degradation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of GTP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of GTP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of GTP catabolism
+ positive regulation of GTP degradation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
+ positive regulation of GTP breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histone phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histone phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histone phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of one or more phosphate groups to a histone protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucokinase activity
+
+
+ glucokinase regulator
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glucokinase activity
+
+
+ down-regulation of glucokinase activity
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of glucokinase activity
+ glucokinase inhibitor
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.
+ downregulation of glucokinase activity
+ inhibition of glucokinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glucokinase activity
+
+
+ stimulation of glucokinase activity
+ up regulation of glucokinase activity
+ glucokinase activator
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of glucokinase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glucokinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a glucose molecule.
+ upregulation of glucokinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serine phosphorylation of STAT3 protein
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a serine residue of the STAT3 protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway.
+ positive regulation of steroid hormone receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of estrogen receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of estrogen receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of estrogen receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of estrogen receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of estrogen receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of estrogen receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoskeletal calyx
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A large cytoskeletal structure located at the posterior end of the perinuclear theca of a mammalian sperm head. The nucleus is tightly associated with the calyx, which contains calicin and basic cylicin proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ V(D)J recombination
+
+ V-D-J recombination
+ V-J recombination
+ V-D-J joining
+ The process by which immune receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific receptor, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
+ V-J joining
+ Wikipedia:V(D)J_recombination
+ biological_process
+ V(D)J joining
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination
+
+
+ The process by which immunoglobulin heavy chain V, D, and J gene segments are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS). For immunoglobulin light chains the same process is used to join V and J gene segments directly.
+ immunoglobulin V-J joining
+ immunoglobulin V-D-J recombination
+ biological_process
+ immunoglobulin V-D-J joining
+ immunoglobulin V(D)J joining
+ immunoglobulin V-J recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell receptor V(D)J recombination
+
+
+ TCR V(D)J recombination
+ T cell receptor V-J recombination
+ T cell receptor V(D)J joining
+ biological_process
+ The process by which T cell receptor V, D, and J, or V and J gene segments, depending on the specific locus, are recombined within a single locus utilizing the conserved heptamer and nonomer recombination signal sequences (RSS).
+ T cell receptor V-D-J recombination
+ T cell receptor V-J joining
+ T cell receptor V-D-J joining
+ T-cell receptor V(D)J recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligogalacturonide transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of oligogalacturonides into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intracellular protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of protein import into cell nucleus, translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein import into cell nucleus, translocation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+ positive regulation of protein import into cell nucleus, translocation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a melanosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microneme membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a microneme.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interphotoreceptor matrix
+
+ cellular_component
+ A specialized extracellularc matrix that surrounds the photoreceptors of the retina and lies between them and the apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelium. The IPM has been implicated in several important activities required for photoreceptor function and maintenance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyaline layer
+
+ A multilayered extraembryonic matrix that functions as a substrate for cell adhesion through early development. It is thought to protect and lubricate the embryo, stabilize the blastomeres during morphogenesis, and regulate nutrient intake. The major constituent of the hyaline layer is the protein hyalin. This matrix has been found in echinoderms.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ARC complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ argonaute siRNA chaperone complex
+ A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, additional protein subunits, and duplex siRNA; required for heterochromatin assembly and siRNA generation. Possibly involved in the conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA interference, conversion of ds siRNA to ss siRNA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which double-stranded siRNA molecules are converted to single-stranded siRNAs; required for the formation of a mature RITS complex during RNA interference.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K9 demethylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 9 of the histone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gas vesicle shell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The proteinaceous structure surrounding a gas vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+ gas vesicle wall
+ gas vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway
+
+
+ calcineurin-NFAT signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals that results in activation of transcription by a member of the NFAT protein family as a consequence of NFAT dephosphorylation by activated calcineurin. The signaling is generated by a receptor binding a ligand, followed by activation of phospholipase C and the subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate, which in turn leads to an increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration that mediates the activation of calcineurin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core CF(1)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the chloroplast thylakoid membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. The chloroplast F0 domain contains three alpha, three beta, one gamma, one delta, and one epsilon subunits.
+ cellular_component
+ chloroplast proton-transporting F-type ATPase complex, catalytic core CF(1)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor CF(o)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ chloroplast proton-transporting F-type ATPase complex, coupling factor CF(o)
+ All non-F1 subunits of the chloroplast hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral chloroplast thylakoid membrane proteins.
+ chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor CF(0)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex
+
+ A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient. The resulting transmembrane electrochemical potential of H+ is used to drive a variety of (i) secondary active transport systems via H+-dependent symporters and antiporters and (ii) channel-mediated transport systems. The complex comprises a membrane sector (V0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (V1) that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. V-type ATPases are found in the membranes of organelles such as vacuoles, endosomes, and lysosomes, and in the plasma membrane.
+ cellular_component
+ hydrogen-translocating V-type ATPase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, proton-transporting domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and carries out proton transport across a membrane. The proton-transporting domain (F0, V0, or A0) includes integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, catalytic domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis or synthesis. The catalytic domain (F1, V1, or A1) comprises a hexameric catalytic core and a central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the membrane when the two-sector ATPase is assembled.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and mediates proton transport across a membrane. The V0 complex consists of at least four different subunits (a,c,d and e); six or more c subunits form a proton-binding rotor ring.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that forms part of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase and catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. The V1 complex consists of: (1) a globular headpiece with three alternating copies of subunits A and B that form a ring, (2) a central rotational stalk composed of single copies of subunits D and F, and (3) a peripheral stalk made of subunits C, E, G and H. Subunits A and B mediate the hydrolysis of ATP at three reaction sites associated with subunit A.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the plasma membrane.
+ plasma membrane hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histone ubiquitination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of a ubiquitin moiety to a histone protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histone ubiquitination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of a ubiquitin moiety to a histone protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histone ubiquitination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of a ubiquitin moiety to a histone protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase complex
+ DPM synthase complex
+ A protein complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate beta-D-mannosyltransferase activity; contains a catalytic subunit, a regulatory subunit, and a third subunit that stabilizes the complex. In human and several other metazoa, the subunits are named DPM1, DPM2 and DPM3, respectively.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CAF-1 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A conserved heterotrimeric protein complex that promotes histone H3 and H4 deposition onto newly synthesized DNA during replication or DNA repair; specifically facilitates replication-dependent nucleosome assembly with the major histone H3 (H3.1). In many species the CAF-1 subunits are designated p150, p60, and p48.
+ chromatin assembly factor 1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to vitamin A
+
+ response to retinol
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lsd1/2 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A nucleosome-binding protein complex that comprises two SWIRM domain histone demethylases and two PHD finger proteins. The complex is involved in transcriptional regulation via heterochromatic silencing and the regulation of chromatin boundary formation, and was first identified in fission yeast.
+ Swm complex
+ SAPHIRE complex
+ Swm1/2 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to hydroperoxide
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to alkyl hydroperoxide
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkyl hydroperoxide stimulus. Alkyl hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH, where the substituent is an alkyl group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to vitamin E
+
+ response to DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate
+ response to DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ response to O-Acetyl-alpha-tocopherol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to ATP
+
+ response to adenosine triphosphate
+ response to adenosine 5'-triphosphate
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA helicase complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA helicase A complex
+
+
+ A homohexameric protein complex that possesses DNA helicase activity; associates with DNA polymerase alpha-primase and translocates in the 5' to 3' direction.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis during cell cycle
+
+
+ Cytokinesis that occurs in the context of cell cycle progression and result in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokinesis after meiosis
+
+ A cell cycle process that results in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated signaling pathway
+ TNF-alpha-mediated signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ adipocytokine signaling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of tumor necrosis factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ tumor necrosis factor-mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leptin-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of leptin binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ biological_process
+ adipocytokine signaling pathway
+ leptin-mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adiponectin-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of adiponectin binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ adipocytokine signaling pathway
+ adiponectin-mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron assimilation
+
+ biological_process
+ A process by which iron is solubilized and transported into a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron assimilation by capture and transport
+
+ A process by which iron (Fe3+) is solubilized by binding to a receptor or transport protein and transported into a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron assimilation by chelation and transport
+
+ biological_process
+ A process by which iron (Fe3+) is solubilized by ferric iron-specific chelators, known as siderophores, excreted by a cell; the iron-siderophore complex is then transported into the cell by specific cell surface receptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron assimilation by reduction and transport
+
+ biological_process
+ A process by which iron is solubilized by reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ via a cell surface reductase and subsequent transport of the iron across the membrane by iron uptake proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferric iron import
+
+ ferric iron uptake
+ ferric ion import
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of ferric iron (Fe(III) or Fe3+) ions into a cell or organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron ion starvation
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron deficiency
+ biological_process
+ Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is deprived of iron ions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-aminoethylphosphonate transport
+
+ The directed movement of 2-aminoethylphosphonate, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ 2-phosphonoethylamine transport
+ ciliatine transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dsRNA transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of dsRNA, double-stranded ribonucleic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cysteine export
+
+
+ The directed movement of cysteine out of a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbohydrate export
+
+ The directed movement of carbohydrates out of a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein sumoylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO moieties to a protein.
+ regulation of sumoylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein sumoylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO moieties to a protein.
+ negative regulation of sumoylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein sumoylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO moieties to a protein.
+ positive regulation of sumoylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular amine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform amines.
+ regulation of amine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular amine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines.
+ negative regulation of amine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular amine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of amine metabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular amine catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of amine catabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of amine degradation
+ regulation of amine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular amine catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.
+ negative regulation of amine catabolism
+ negative regulation of amine degradation
+ negative regulation of amine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular amine catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of amines.
+ positive regulation of amine catabolism
+ positive regulation of amine degradation
+ positive regulation of amine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of penicillin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of penicillin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of penicillin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of penicillin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of penicillin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of penicillin metabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of penicillin catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of penicillin degradation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
+ regulation of penicillin breakdown
+ regulation of penicillin catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of penicillin catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of penicillin breakdown
+ negative regulation of penicillin catabolism
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of penicillin degradation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of penicillin catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of penicillin breakdown
+ positive regulation of penicillin catabolism
+ positive regulation of penicillin degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of beta-lactamase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of beta-lactamase activity, the hydrolysis of a beta-lactam to yield a substituted beta-amino acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of penicillinase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclease activity, the hydrolysis of a penicillin to yield a substituted beta-amino acid derivative.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar transporter chaperone complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains four related proteins that have been implicated in several membrane-related processes, such as sorting of H+-translocating ATPases, endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking, vacuole fusion, vacuolar polyphosphate homeostasis and the microautophagic scission of vesicles into the vacuolar lumen. The complex is enriched at the vacuolar membrane, but also found in other cellular compartments, including the ER and the cell periphery. In Saccharomyces, the subunits are Vtc1p, Vtc2p, Vtc3p and Vtc4p.
+ cellular_component
+ VTC complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SAS acetyltransferase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity and links histone acetylation to the assembly of transcriptionally silent chromatin. In vitro, the complex acetylates lysine 16 of histone H4 and lysine 14 of histone H3, although the latter may not be relevant in vivo. The complex contains a catalytic subunit and at least two other subunits; in Saccharomyces, the catalytic subunit is Sas2p and additional subunits are Sas4p and Sas5p.
+ SAS-I complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex
+
+
+ A protein complex containing an I-kappaB protein and one or more copies of an NF-kappaB protein; mediates regulation of NF-kappaB activity by I-kappaB.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bcl3/NF-kappaB2 complex
+
+ Bcl3-p52 complex
+ cellular_component
+ Bcl3-NFKB2 complex
+ A protein complex containing one Bcl protein and one or more copies of NF-kappaB2; formation of complexes of different stoichiometry depends on the Bcl3:NF-kappaB2 ratio, and allow Bcl3 to exert different regulatory effects on NF-kappaB2-dependent transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid DNA metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving plastid DNA.
+ biological_process
+ plastid DNA metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid DNA replication
+
+
+ replication of plastid DNA
+ The process whereby new strands of DNA are synthesized in a plastid.
+ plastid DNA synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication during S phase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby new strands of genomic DNA are synthesized, using parental DNA as a template for DNA-dependent DNA polymerases, during progression through S phase of the cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of S phase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the progression through the S phase of the cell cycle.
+ MetaCyc:SALVPURINE2-PWY
+ regulation of progression through S phase
+ MetaCyc:SALVADEHYPOX-PWY
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5043
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA replication during S phase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication during progression through S phase of the cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CORVET complex
+
+
+ A multimeric protein complex that acts as an endosomal tethering complex (CORVET = class C core vacuole/endosome tethering) by cooperating with Rab GTPases to capture endosomal vesicles and trap them prior to the action of SNAREs; the complex is involved in endo-lysosomal biogenesis and required for transport between endosome and vacuole. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae complex contains Vps8p, Vps3p, Pep5p, Vps16p, Pep3p, and Vps33p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell projection part that is part of an axon.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ node of Ranvier
+
+ An axon part that is a gap in the myelin where voltage-gated sodium channels cluster and saltatory conduction is executed.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Nodes_of_Ranvier
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ internode region of axon
+
+ An axon part that is located between the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by compact myelin sheath.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paranode region of axon
+
+ An axon part that is located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier and surrounded by lateral loop portions of myelin sheath.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myo-inositol phosphate transport
+
+ The directed movement of any phosphorylated myo-inositol into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate transport
+
+ The directed movement of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ phytate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to vitamin
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to vitamin B2
+
+ response to riboflavin
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B2 stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin-myosin filament sliding
+
+
+ biological_process
+ actin filament sliding
+ The sliding movement of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFTC complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that does not contain either a TATA-binding protein (TBP) or a TBP-like factor, but is composed of several TAFIIs and other proteins, including a histone acetyltransferase. This complex is able to nucleate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, can mediate transcriptional activation, and has histone acetyltransferase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abortive mitotic cell cycle
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should be used only for abortive mitotic events that occur normally, e.g. during megakaryocyte differentiation; it should not be used for incomplete mitosis resulting from mutation or other abnormal occurrences.
+ abortive mitosis
+ A cell cycle in which mitosis is begun and progresses normally through the end of anaphase, but not completed, resulting in a cell with increased ploidy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell proliferation in midbrain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the midbrain.
+ biological_process
+ mesencepahalic cell proliferation
+ cell proliferation in mesencephalon
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal subunit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Either of the two ribonucleoprotein complexes that associate to form a ribosome.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to vitamin D
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
+ response to cholecalciferol
+ response to calciferol
+ response to ergocalciferol
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TAT protein transport complex
+
+
+ TAT protein secretion complex
+ Twin-arginine translocation complex
+ TAT protein translocation system complex
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of three proteins integral to the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) involved in membrane transport of folded proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein C inhibitor-acrosin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PCI-acrosin complex
+ PCI-ACR complex
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric protein complex of protein C inhibitor and acrosin; complex formation inhibits the protease activity of acrosin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intraconoid microtubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A microtubule located such that it threads through the conoid and projects through the polar ring.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eukaryotic 48S preinitiation complex
+
+
+ eukaryotic 48S initiation complex
+ GO:0016283
+ eukaryotic 48S pre-initiation complex
+ A protein complex composed of the small ribosomal subunit, eIF3, eIF1A, methionyl-initiatior methionine and a capped mRNA. The complex is initially positioned at the 5'-end of the capped mRNA.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eukaryotic 80S initiation complex
+
+
+ A protein complex composed of the large and small ribosomal subunits, methionyl-initiatior tRNA, and the capped mRNA. The initiator tRNA is positioned at the ribosomal P site at the AUG codon corresponding to the beginning of the coding region.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-tubule organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ T-tubule organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile vacuole organization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a contractile vacuole. A specialized vacuole that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores.
+ contractile vacuole organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretion of lysosomal enzymes
+
+ The controlled release of lysosomal enzymes by a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle comprising mitosis without cytokinesis
+
+ Note that this term should be used for naturally occurring instances of mitosis without cytokinesis, e.g. in the tapetum of flowers and in a number of lower eukaryotes; it should not be used for abnormal events such as may occur in cancers.
+ A mitotic cell cycle in which mitosis is completed but cytokinesis does not occur, resulting in a cell containing multiple nuclei each with a chromosomal complement of the original ploidy (usually 2N).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quercetin O-glucoside metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.
+ quercetin O-glucoside metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quercetin O-glucoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ quercetin O-glucoside synthesit
+ quercetin O-glucoside anabolism
+ quercetin O-glucoside biosynthesis
+ quercetin O-glucoside formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5321
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of quercetin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorophyll a metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll a.
+ biological_process
+ chlorophyll a metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorophyll a biosynthetic process
+
+
+ chlorophyll a anabolism
+ chlorophyll a synthesis
+ chlorophyll a biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ chlorophyll a formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.
+ phytol metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytol salvage
+
+ phytol salvage pathway
+ A process that generates phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5107
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydroxyectoine transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of hydroxyectoine into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SBF transcription complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that acts as a transcription factor, composed of a regulatory subunit (Swi6) and a DNA-binding protein (Swi4), that activates gene expression during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. Binds to a sequence motif called the SCB element (Swi4/6 cell cycle box, CACGAAA) which acts as a late Gl-specific UAS element in genes predominantly involved in budding, and in membrane and cell wall biosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorophyll a catabolic process
+
+
+ chlorophyll a catabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5086
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5098
+ gosubset_prok
+ chlorophyll a degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the breakdown of chlorophyll a.
+ chlorophyll a breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via phytyl diphosphate
+
+ chlorophyll a biosynthesis via phytyl diphosphate
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5086
+ chlorophyll a formation via phytyl chlorophyll a formation via phytyl-PP
+ chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via phytyl-PP
+ gosubset_prok
+ chlorophyll a anabolism via phytyl diphosphate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a, via the intermediate phytyl diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ chlorophyll a synthesis via phytyl diphosphate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorophyll a biosynthetic process via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5064
+ chlorophyll a anabolism via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a
+ biological_process
+ chlorophyll a synthesis via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of chlorophyll a, via the intermediate geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a.
+ gosubset_prok
+ chlorophyll a formation via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a
+ chlorophyll a biosynthesis via geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic cell cycle checkpoint
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A signal transduction-based surveillance mechanism that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a meiotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic cell cycle DNA replication checkpoint
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A signal transduction based surveillance mechanism that acts during a mitotic cell cycle and prevents the initiation of mitosis until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic cell cycle DNA replication checkpoint
+
+
+ A signal transduction based surveillance mechanism that acts during a meiotic cell cycle and prevents the initiation of mitosis until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the haploid genome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic spindle checkpoint
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition of a meiotic cell cycle until the spindle is correctly assembled and chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pantothenate biosynthetic process from valine
+
+ MetaCyc:PANTO-PWY
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, from other compounds, including valine.
+ pantothenate formation from valine
+ pantothenate biosynthesis from valine
+ pantothenate anabolism from valine
+ pantothenate synthesis from valine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pantothenate biosynthetic process from 2-oxypantoyl lactone
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pantothenate, the anion of pantothenic acid, from other compounds, including 2-oxypantoyl lactone.
+ pantothenate biosynthesis from 2-oxypantoyl lactone
+ biological_process
+ pantothenate formation from 2-oxypantoyl lactone
+ pantothenate anabolism from 2-oxypantoyl lactone
+ pantothenate synthesis from 2-oxypantoyl lactone
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3961
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-D-xylose metabolic process
+
+
+ UDP-D-xylose metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-xylose, uridinediphosphoxylose, a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-D-xylose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-xylose, uridinediphosphoxylose, a substance composed of xylose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ UDP-D-xylose synthesis
+ UDP-D-xylose anabolism
+ UDP-D-xylose formation
+ UDP-D-xylose biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4821
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homomethionine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.
+ homomethionine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homomethionine biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of homomethionine, a non-protein amino acid synthesized from methionine via chain elongation.
+ biological_process
+ homomethionine biosynthesis
+ homomethionine synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1186
+ homomethionine formation
+ homomethionine anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ choline biosynthetic process via CDP-choline
+
+ choline synthesis via CDP-choline
+ biological_process
+ choline biosynthesis via CDP-choline
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate CDP-choline.
+ choline formation via CDP-choline
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4762
+ choline anabolism via CDP-choline
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3561
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ choline biosynthetic process via N-monomethylethanolamine
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4762
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3542
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate N-monomethylethanolamine.
+ choline biosynthesis via N-monomethylethanolamine
+ choline formation via N-monomethylethanolamine
+ biological_process
+ choline anabolism via N-monomethylethanolamine
+ choline synthesis via N-monomethylethanolamine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ choline biosynthetic process via phosphoryl-ethanolamine
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3385
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), via the intermediate phosphoryl-ethanolamine.
+ choline formation via phosphoryl-ethanolamine
+ choline anabolism via phosphoryl-ethanolamine
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4762
+ choline synthesis via phosphoryl-ethanolamine
+ choline biosynthesis via phosphoryl-ethanolamine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cerebrospinal fluid secretion
+
+ The regulated release of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the choroid plexus of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles. The cerebrospinal fluid is a clear liquid that located within the ventricles, spinal canal, and subarachnoid spaces.
+ biological_process
+ CSF secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Leydig cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Leydig cell. A Leydig cell is a testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kaempferol O-glucoside metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving O-glucosylated derivatives of kaempferol.
+ biological_process
+ kaempferol O-glucoside metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kaempferol O-glucoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of O-glucosylated derivatives of kaempferol.
+ kaempferol O-glucoside biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ kaempferol O-glucoside anabolism
+ kaempferol O-glucoside synthesit
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5320
+ kaempferol O-glucoside formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ent-kaurene metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ent-kaur-16-ene. Ent-kaurene is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is a precursor of several plant isoprenoids, including gibberellins.
+ biological_process
+ ent-kaurene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ent-kaurene biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ent-kaurene anabolism
+ ent-kaurene biosynthesis
+ ent-kaurene formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5032
+ ent-kaurene synthesis
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5035
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ent-kaurene. Ent-kaurene is a tetracyclic diterpenoid that is a precursor of several plant isoprenoids, including gibberellins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fin development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fin morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anal fin development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caudal fin development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the caudal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal fin development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dorsal fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medial fin development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a medial fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pectoral fin development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pectoral fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pelvic fin development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pelvic fin over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of collagen binding
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of collagen binding
+
+
+ downregulation of collagen binding
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.
+ down regulation of collagen binding
+ down-regulation of collagen binding
+ inhibition of collagen binding
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of collagen binding
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collagen binding.
+ activation of collagen binding
+ up-regulation of collagen binding
+ up regulation of collagen binding
+ upregulation of collagen binding
+ stimulation of collagen binding
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol efflux
+
+ cholesterol export
+ The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asparagine catabolic process via L-aspartate
+
+ MetaCyc:ASPARAGINE-DEG1-PWY
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate L-aspartate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asparagine catabolic process via 2-oxosuccinamate
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, via the intermediate 2-oxosuccinamate.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4002
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrose metabolic process
+
+ tetrose metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrose biosynthetic process
+
+ tetrose synthesis
+ tetrose anabolism
+ tetrose formation
+ tetrose biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a tetrose, any monosaccharide with a chain of four carbon atoms in the molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apiose metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.
+ biological_process
+ apiose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apiose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ apiose formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apiose, the branched tetrose 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-D-glycero-tetrose.
+ apiose biosynthesis
+ apiose anabolism
+ apiose synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-D-apiose metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-apiose, uridinediphosphoapiose, a substance composed of apiose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-D-apiose metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-D-apiose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5113
+ biological_process
+ UDP-D-apiose synthesis
+ UDP-D-apiose formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4821
+ UDP-D-apiose anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-apiose, uridinediphosphoapicose, a substance composed of apiose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-D-apiose biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-adenosylmethionine cycle
+
+ A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, and L-methionine. Couples utilization of the methyl group of SAM with recycling of the homocysteinyl moiety and regeneration of methionine.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5041
+ SAM cycle
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorophyll cycle
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5068
+ biological_process
+ A cyclic series of interconversions involving chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and several chlorophyllide intermediates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascorbate glutathione cycle
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2261
+ A cyclic series of interconversions involving L-ascorbate and glutathione that scavenges hydrogen peroxide and reduces it to water, with concomitant oxidation of NADPH.
+ biological_process
+ hydrogen peroxide detoxification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-L-arabinose metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-L-arabinose, uridinediphosphoarabinose, a substance composed of arabinose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-L-arabinose metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-arabinose biosynthetic process
+
+ biological_process
+ L-arabinose biosynthesis
+ L-arabinose synthesis
+ L-arabinose formation
+ L-arabinose anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-arabinose, arabino-pentose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-L-arabinose biosynthetic process
+
+ biological_process
+ UDP-L-arabinose biosynthesis
+ UDP-L-arabinose synthesis
+ UDP-L-arabinose anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-63
+ UDP-L-arabinose formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-82
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-L-arabinose, uridinediphosphoarabinose, a substance composed of arabinose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
+
+ lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelic acid and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
+ lysine synthesis via diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ lysine anabolism via diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.
+ MetaCyc:DAPLYSINESYN-PWY
+ lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelic acid and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
+ lysine formation via diaminopimelate and N-succinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2941
+ lysine anabolism via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediates diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in four enzymatic steps.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ lysine synthesis via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
+ lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelic acid and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
+ lysine formation via diaminopimelate and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
+ lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelic acid and L-2-acetamido-6-oxoheptanedioate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ lysine anabolism via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway
+ biological_process
+ lysine formation via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway
+ lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelic acid, dehydrogenase pathway
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2942
+ lysine synthesis via diaminopimelate, dehydrogenase pathway
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in a single enzymatic step.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine biosynthetic process via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ lysine synthesis via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway
+ lysine biosynthesis via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5097
+ lysine anabolism via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway
+ lysine formation via diaminopimelate, diaminopimelate-aminotransferase pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine, via the intermediate diaminopimelate; in this pathway tetrahydrodipicolinate is converted to meso-diaminopimelate in two enzymatic steps.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretory granule organization
+
+ biological_process
+ secretory granule organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell secretory granule organization
+
+ biological_process
+ mast cell secretory granule organization and biogenesis
+ mast cell secretory granule maturation
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a mast cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization in organelle
+
+ biological_process
+ A process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization in secretory granule
+
+ biological_process
+ A process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization in mast cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protease localization in mast cell secretory granule
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of protein localization in mast cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a protein to a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of protein location in mast cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process by which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of protein localization in mast cell secretory granule
+ biological_process
+ mast cell protein retention
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell secretory granule organization
+
+ T-lymphocyte secretory granule organization and biogenesis
+ T-lymphocyte secretory granule maturation
+ T-cell secretory granule organization and biogenesis
+ T lymphocyte secretory granule organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule in a T cell. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
+ T cell secretory granule organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of protease localization in mast cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a protease to a location within a secretory granule in a mast cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of protease location in mast cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell protease retention
+ biological_process
+ A process by which a protease is maintained in a secretory granule in a mast cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of protease localization in mast cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization in T cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ protein localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
+ protein localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
+ protein localization in T-cell secretory granule
+ A process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protease localization in T cell secretory granule
+
+ protease localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
+ biological_process
+ protease localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
+ Any process by which a protease is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
+ protease localization in T-cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of protein localization in T cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of protein localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
+ establishment of protein localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
+ establishment of protein localization in T-cell secretory granule
+ The directed movement of a protein to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of protein location in T cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of protein localization in T cell secretory granule
+ A process by which a protein is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of protein localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
+ maintenance of protein localization in T-cell secretory granule
+ maintenance of protein localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of protease localization in T cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of protease localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
+ biological_process
+ establishment of protease localization in T-cell secretory granule
+ The directed movement of a protease to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
+ establishment of protease localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of protease location in T cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of protease localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
+ maintenance of protease localization in T-cell secretory granule
+ maintenance of protease localization in T cell secretory granule
+ A process by which a protease is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of protease localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granzyme B localization in T cell secretory granule
+
+ granzyme B localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
+ granzyme B localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
+ granzyme B localization in T-cell secretory granule
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the protease granzyme B is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of granzyme B localization in T cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-lymphocyte secretory granule storage of granzyme B
+ establishment of granzyme B localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
+ establishment of granzyme B localization in T-cell secretory granule
+ establishment of granzyme B localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of the protease granzyme B to a location within a secretory granule in a T cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of granzyme B location in T cell secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of granzyme B localization in T lymphocyte secretory granule
+ maintenance of granzyme B localization in T cell secretory granule
+ maintenance of granzyme B localization in T-cell secretory granule
+ A process by which the protease granyme B is maintained in a secretory granule in a T cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of granzyme B localization in T-lymphocyte secretory granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ geranyl diphosphate metabolic process
+
+ geranyldiphosphate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranyl diphosphate, the universal precursor of the monoterpenes.
+ geranyl diphosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ geranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ geranyl diphosphate anabolism
+ geranyl diphosphate biosynthesis
+ geranyl diphosphate synthesis
+ geranyldiphosphate biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranyl diphosphate.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5122
+ geranyl diphosphate formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ geranylgeranyl diphosphate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ geranylgeranyl diphosphate metabolism
+ geranylgeranyldiphosphate metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving geranylgeranyl diphosphate, a polyprenol compound involved in the biosynthesis of a variety of terpenoids including chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherols, plastoquinones, and the plant hormones gibberellins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ geranylgeranyl diphosphate formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5121
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5120
+ biological_process
+ geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthesis
+ geranylgeranyl diphosphate anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
+ geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthesis
+ geranylvdiphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine
+
+ putrescine synthesis from ornithine
+ biological_process
+ putrescine anabolism from ornithine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane by decarboxylation of ornithine.
+ putrescine biosynthesis from ornithine
+ putrescine formation from ornithine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine.
+ putrescine synthesis from arginine
+ putrescine biosynthesis from arginine
+ putrescine formation from arginine
+ gosubset_prok
+ putrescine anabolism from arginine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine, using agmatinase
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in a single enzymatic step.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ putrescine anabolism from arginine, using agmatinase
+ putrescine synthesis from arginine, using agmatinase
+ putrescine formation from arginine, using agmatinase
+ putrescine biosynthesis from arginine, using agmatinase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ putrescine biosynthetic process from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine
+
+ putrescine formation from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine
+ putrescine anabolism from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of putrescine, 1,4-diaminobutane, from other compounds, including arginine, via the intermediate N-carbamoylputrescine; in this pathway, arginine is converted to agmatine, and agmatine is converted to putrescine in two single enzymatic steps.
+ putrescine biosynthesis from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine
+ biological_process
+ putrescine synthesis from arginine via N-carbamoylputrescine
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatoid body
+
+ A ribonucleoprotein complex found in the cytoplasm of male germ cells, composed of exceedingly thin filaments that are consolidated into a compact mass or into dense strands of varying thickness that branch to form an irregular network. Contains mRNAs, miRNAs, and protein components involved in miRNA processing (such as Argonaute proteins and the endonuclease Dicer) and in RNA decay (such as the decapping enzyme DCP1a and GW182).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homogalacturonan catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homogalacturonan, a pectidic polymer, characterized by a backbone of 1,4-linked alpha-D-GalpA residues that can be methyl-esterified at C-6 and carry acetyl groups on O-2 and O-3.
+ homogalacturonan degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ homogalacturonan catabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1081
+ homogalacturonan breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 1,3 diaminopropane
+
+ biological_process
+ beta-alanine formation via 1,3 diaminopropane
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 1,3 diaminopropane.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3981
+ beta-alanine anabolism via 1,3 diaminopropane
+ beta-alanine synthesis via 1,3 diaminopropane
+ beta-alanine biosynthesis via 1,3 diaminopropane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-hydroxypropionate
+
+ beta-alanine synthesis via 3-hydroxypropionate
+ biological_process
+ beta-alanine formation via 3-hydroxypropionate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-hydroxypropionate.
+ beta-alanine biosynthesis via 3-hydroxypropionate
+ beta-alanine anabolism via 3-hydroxypropionate
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3941
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-alanine biosynthetic process via 3-ureidopropionate
+
+ biological_process
+ beta-alanine synthesis via 3-ureidopropionate
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3982
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-alanine via the intermediate 3-ureidopropionate.
+ beta-alanine anabolism via 3-ureidopropionate
+ beta-alanine formation via 3-ureidopropionate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zeatin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
+ zeatin metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zeatin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of zeatin, 2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
+ zeatin synthesis
+ zeatin formation
+ zeatin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ zeatin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cis-zeatin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
+ cis-zeatin metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trans-zeatin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
+ trans-zeatin metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cis-zeatin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ cis-zeatin formation
+ cis-zeatin anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cis-zeatin, (2Z)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2781
+ cis-zeatin synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ cis-zeatin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trans-zeatin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trans-zeatin, (2E)-2-methyl-4-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol.
+ trans-zeatin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ trans-zeatin anabolism
+ trans-zeatin synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2681
+ trans-zeatin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CMP-ketodeoxyoctanoate metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ CMP-ketodeoxyoctanoate metabolism
+ CMP-KDO metabolic process
+ CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP-ketodeoxyoctanoate, a substance composed of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CMP-ketodeoxyoctanoate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ CMP-KDO biosynthesis
+ CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid biosynthetic process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5111
+ CMP-ketodeoxyoctanoate biosynthesis
+ CMP-KDO biosynthetic process
+ CMP-ketodeoxyoctanoate anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1269
+ CMP-ketodeoxyoctanoate formation
+ MetaCyc:KDOSYN-PWY
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CMP-ketodeoxyoctanoate, a substance composed of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ CMP-ketodeoxyoctanoate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gibberellin 12 metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gibberellin 12 metabolism
+ GA12 metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.
+ gibberellin A12 metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gibberellin 12 biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gibberellin 12 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gibberellin 12 biosynthesis
+ gibberellin A12 biosynthetic process
+ GA12 biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gibberellin 12, (1R,2S,3S,4R,8S,9S,12R)-4,8-dimethyl-13-methylidenetetracyclo[10.2.1.01,9.03,8]pentadecane-2,4-dicarboxylic acid 1meta,4a-dimethyl-8-methylidene-4aalpha,4bbeta-gibbane-1alpha,10beta-dicarboxylic acid.
+ gibberellin 12 synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5034
+ gibberellin 12 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-L-galactose metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ GDP-L-galactose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-L-galactose biosynthetic process
+
+ GDP-L-galactose biosynthesis
+ GDP-L-galactose synthesis
+ biological_process
+ GDP-L-galactose formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-galactose, a substance composed of L-galactose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5115
+ GDP-L-galactose anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indoleacetic acid conjugate metabolic process
+
+ indole acetic acid conjugate metabolism
+ indole acetic acid conjugate metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.
+ IAA conjugate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ indoleacetic acid conjugate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indoleacetic acid conjugate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ indoleacetic acid conjugate formation
+ indoleacetic acid conjugate synthesis
+ indoleacetic acid conjugate anabolism
+ IAA conjugate biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ indole acetic acid conjugate biosynthesis
+ indoleacetic acid conjugate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to another molecule.
+ indole acetic acid conjugate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indoleacetic acid amide conjugate biosynthetic process
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1782
+ IAA amide conjugate biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an amino acid or polypeptide through an amide bond.
+ indole acetic acid amide conjugate biosynthesis
+ indoleacetic acid amide conjugate synthesis
+ indoleacetic acid amide conjugate biosynthesis
+ indoleacetic acid amide conjugate anabolism
+ indoleacetic acid amide conjugate formation
+ biological_process
+ indole acetic acid amide conjugate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indoleacetic acid ester conjugate biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an indole-3-acetic acid amide conjugate, a form of indoleacetic acid covalently bound to an a sugar or polyol through an ester bond.
+ biological_process
+ indoleacetic acid ester conjugate biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1741
+ indole acetic acid ester conjugate biosynthetic process
+ indoleacetic acid ester conjugate synthesis
+ IAA ester conjugate biosynthetic process
+ indoleacetic acid ester conjugate anabolism
+ indoleacetic acid ester conjugate formation
+ indole acetic acid ester conjugate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-methylmethionine metabolic process
+
+ S-methylmethionine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-methyl-methionine (SMM). SMM can be converted to methionine by donating a methyl group to homocysteine, and concurrent operation of this reaction and that mediated by MMT sets up the SMM cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-rhamnose metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-L-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3261
+ biological_process
+ UDP-rhamnose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-D-galacturonate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-D-galacturonate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-D-galacturonate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of UDP-D-galacturonate, a substance composed of galacturonic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ UDP-D-galacturonate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ UDP-D-galacturonate biosynthesis
+ UDP-D-galacturonate anabolism
+ UDP-D-galacturonate formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galacturonate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
+ galacturonate synthesis
+ galacturonate biosynthesis
+ galacturonate anabolism
+ galacturonate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-galacturonate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ D-galacturonate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
+ D-galacturonate anabolism
+ D-galacturonate formation
+ biological_process
+ D-galacturonate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gas homeostasis
+
+ A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of a gas within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitric oxide homeostasis
+
+ NO homeostasis
+ biological_process
+ A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of nitric oxide within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.
+ biological_process
+ cyanidin 3-O-glucoside formation
+ cyanidin 3-O-glucoside anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5125
+ cyanidin 3-O-glucoside synthesis
+ cyanidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ delphinidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ delphinidin 3-O-glucoside formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5153
+ delphinidin 3-O-glucoside synthesis
+ biological_process
+ delphinidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic, water-soluble anthocyanin responsible for blue coloration of flowers and fruits.
+ delphinidin 3-O-glucoside anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside anabolism
+ pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside formation
+ pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5125
+ pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, a basic anthocyanin responsible for red to magenta coloration of flowers and fruits.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol biosynthetic process via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol
+
+ cholesterol formation via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol
+ cholesterol anabolism via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol
+ biological_process
+ cholesterol synthesis via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol
+ cholesterol biosynthesis via 24,25-dihydrolanosterol
+ MetaCyc:PWY66-3
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate 24,25-dihydrolanosterol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol biosynthetic process via desmosterol
+
+ biological_process
+ cholesterol anabolism via desmosterol
+ cholesterol synthesis via desmosterol
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate desmosterol.
+ MetaCyc:PWY66-4
+ cholesterol formation via desmosterol
+ cholesterol biosynthesis via desmosterol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol biosynthetic process via lathosterol
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY66-341
+ cholesterol synthesis via lathosterol
+ cholesterol anabolism via lathosterol
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, via the intermediate lathosterol.
+ cholesterol formation via lathosterol
+ cholesterol biosynthesis via lathosterol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coniferin metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving coniferin, 4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-116
+ coniferin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ esculetin metabolic process
+
+ esculetin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ esculetin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ esculetin formation
+ esculetin anabolism
+ esculetin synthesis
+ esculetin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5349
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of esculetin, 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferulate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
+ ferulate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferulate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferulate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
+ ferulate formation
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5168
+ biological_process
+ ferulate anabolism
+ ferulate synthesis
+ ferulate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sinapate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
+ sinapate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sinapate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
+ sinapate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ sinapate formation
+ sinapate anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5168
+ sinapate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactose catabolic process via D-galactonate
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate D-galactonate.
+ galactose breakdown via D-galactonate
+ MetaCyc:GALDEG-PWY
+ galactose degradation via D-galactonate
+ galactose catabolism via D-galactonate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactose, via the intermediate UDP-galactose.
+ galactose catabolism via UDP-galactose
+ galactose breakdown via UDP-galactose
+ galactose degradation via UDP-galactose
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3821
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbohydrate homeostasis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of a carbohydrate within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactose homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of galactose within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular galactose homeostasis
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ cell galactose homeostasis
+ A cellular homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of galactose within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ HULC complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex that contains two RING finger proteins, which have ubiquitin ligase activity, in addition to a protein with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme activity; catalyzes the ubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 119 (or the equivalent residue). In Schizosaccharomyces the subunits are Rhp1, Brl2/Rfp1 and Brl1/Rfp2.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floor plate development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the floor plate over time from its initial formation until its mature state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floor plate morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the floor plate is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosinolate biosynthetic process from homomethionine
+
+ biological_process
+ glucosinolate anabolism from homomethionine
+ glucosinolate formation from homomethionine
+ glucosinolate synthesis from homomethionine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including homomethionine.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-1187
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucosinolate biosynthesis from homomethionine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosinolate biosynthetic process from phenylalanine
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucosinolate synthesis from phenylalanine
+ glucosinolate anabolism from phenylalanine
+ glucosinolate biosynthesis from phenylalanine
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2821
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosinolates from other compounds including phenylalanine.
+ glucosinolate formation from phenylalanine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process to butyrate
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including butyrate.
+ glutamate breakdown to butyrate
+ glutamate degradation to butyrate
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5087
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate catabolic process to propionate
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate into other compounds, including propionate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5088
+ biological_process
+ glutamate breakdown to propionate
+ glutamate degradation to propionate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luteolin metabolic process
+
+ luteolin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luteolin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ luteolin anabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5060
+ luteolin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ luteolin synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of luteolin, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one.
+ luteolin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate saccharopine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:LYSINE-DEG1-PWY
+ biological_process
+ L-lysine degradation to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine
+ L-lysine breakdown to acetyl-CoA via saccharopine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide
+
+ L-lysine degradation to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5280
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-lysine breakdown to acetyl-CoA via 5-aminopentanamide
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate 5-aminopentanamide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-lysine catabolic process to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including acetyl-CoA, via the intermediate L-pipecolate.
+ L-lysine breakdown to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5283
+ biological_process
+ L-lysine degradation to acetyl-CoA via L-pipecolate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-lysine catabolic process using lysine 6-aminotransferase
+
+ L-lysine breakdown to acetyl-CoA
+ L-lysine degradation to acetyl-CoA
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5298
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-lysine into other compounds, including alpha-aminoadipate; in this pathway, L-lysine is converted to 2-aminoadipate-6-semialdehyde by lysine 6-aminotransferase.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine biosynthetic process from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+
+ methionine formation from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methionine from other compounds, including homoserine, via the intermediates O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-702
+ biological_process
+ methionine synthesis from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+ methionine anabolism from homoserine via O-phospho-L-homoserine and cystathionine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, a regulator of intracellular signaling, a highly abundant animal anti-nutrient and a phosphate and mineral storage compound in plant seeds.
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate metabolism
+ phytate metabolic process
+ phytate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate dephosphorylation
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4781
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4702
+ phytate dephosphorylation
+ The process of removing one or more phosphate group from myo-inositol hexakisphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytyl diphosphate metabolic process
+
+ phytyl diphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytol biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytol, (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.
+ phytol anabolism
+ phytol synthesis
+ phytol biosynthesis
+ phytol formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ phytyl diphosphate formation
+ phytyl diphosphate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytyl diphosphate, (2E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-yl trihydrogen diphosphate.
+ phytyl diphosphate synthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5063
+ phytyl diphosphate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2A ubiquitination
+
+ The modification of histone H2A by addition of ubiquitin groups. Steady-state modification occurs at lysine 119 (H2A-K119) of metazoans or the equivalent residue; during double-strand break repair, modification may also occur at additional H2A lysine residues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2B ubiquitination
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H2B by addition of ubiquitin groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sinapate ester metabolic process
+
+ sinapate ester metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ester derivatives of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sinapate ester biosynthetic process
+
+
+ sinapate ester formation
+ sinapate ester anabolism
+ biological_process
+ sinapate ester biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ester derivates of sinapate, (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3301
+ sinapate ester synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glutamate
+
+ tetrapyrrole synthesis from glutamate
+ tetrapyrrole formation from glutamate
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5188
+ tetrapyrrole anabolism from glutamate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including L-glutamate.
+ tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glutamate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrapyrrole biosynthetic process from glycine and succinyl-CoA
+
+ tetrapyrrole formation from glycine and succinyl-CoA
+ The chemical reactions and pathways leading to the formation of tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next, from other compounds, including glycine and succinyl-CoA.
+ tetrapyrrole anabolism from glycine and succinyl-CoA
+ tetrapyrrole synthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5189
+ tetrapyrrole biosynthesis from glycine and succinyl-CoA
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-methylmethionine cycle
+
+ A cyclic series of interconversions involving S-methyl-L-methionine, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, L-homocysteine, and L-methionine. Converts the methionine moiety of adenosylmethionine back to free methionine, and may serve regulate the cellular adenosylmethionine level.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5441
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ raffinose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ raffinose formation
+ biological_process
+ raffinose synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
+ raffinose biosynthesis
+ raffinose anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ raffinose metabolic process
+
+ raffinose metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stachyose metabolic process
+
+ stachyose metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving stachyose, the tetrasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stachyose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ stachyose biosynthesis
+ stachyose synthesis
+ stachyose anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of stachyose, the tetrasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5337
+ stachyose formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ verbascose metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving verbascose, the pentasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
+ verbascose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ verbascose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ verbascose anabolism
+ verbascose biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of verbascose, the pentasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
+ verbascose synthesis
+ verbascose formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ajugose metabolic process
+
+ ajugose metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ajugose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ajugose anabolism
+ biological_process
+ ajugose synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
+ ajugose formation
+ ajugose biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ajugose biosynthetic process using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, by a ptahway in which galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase catalyzes chain elongation by transferring the alpha-galactosyl residue of galactinol to the oligosaccharide.
+ ajugose formation using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase
+ biological_process
+ ajugose biosynthesis using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase
+ ajugose synthesis using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5342
+ ajugose anabolism using galactinol:raffinose galactosyltransferase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ajugose biosynthetic process using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase
+
+ ajugose biosynthesis using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ajugose, the hexasaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, by a pathway in which galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase catalyzes chain elongation by transferring the alpha-galactosyl residue of one raffinose-family oligosaccharide to another.
+ ajugose synthesis using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase
+ ajugose formation using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase
+ ajugose anabolism using galactan:galactan galactosyltransferase
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5343
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
+
+ MetaCyc:FAO-PWY
+ biological_process
+ A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; the electrons removed from oxidation pass through the respiratory chain to oxygen and leave H2O as the product.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase
+
+ A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway in which the initial step, which converts an acyl-CoA to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, is catalyzed by acyl-CoA oxidase; the electrons removed from oxidation pass directly to oxygen and produce H2O2, which is cleaved by peroxisomal catalases.
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5136
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, odd number
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5137
+ A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on odd-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, a cis-3-enoyl-CoA is generated by the core beta-oxidation pathway, and then converted to a trans-2-enoyl-CoA, which can return to the core beta-oxidation pathway for complete degradation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number
+
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5138
+ A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, reductase/isomerase pathway
+
+ A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to trans-2-enoyl-CoA by 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase and delta3-delta2-enoyl-CoA isomerase; trans-2-enoyl-CoA returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid beta-oxidation, unsaturated, even number, epimerase pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ A fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway by which fatty acids having cis-double bonds on even-numbered carbons are degraded. In this pathway, the intermediate 2,4-dienoyl-CoA is converted to cis-2-enoyl-CoA through one more cycle of the core beta-oxidation pathway. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA cannot be completely degraded via the core beta-oxidation pathway because hydratation of cis-2-enoyl-CoA yields D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, which is not a substrate for 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Cis-2-enoyl-CoA must enter the so-called epimerase pathway, which involves converting D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA by 3-hydroxylacyl-CoA epimerase or by two stereo-specific enoyl-CoA hydratases. L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA then returns to the core beta-oxidation pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, lipid-dependent
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C.
+ biological_process
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate synthesis, lipid-dependent
+ phytate biosynthetic process, lipid-dependent
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate formation, lipid-dependent
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4765
+ phytate biosynthesis, lipid-dependent
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate anabolism, lipid-dependent
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis, lipid-dependent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
+
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate synthesis, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate anabolism, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
+ phytate biosynthesis, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate formation, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
+ phytate biosynthetic process, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4562
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C; in this pathway, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is first converted to inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate, and then phosphorylated further.
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis, via inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, via direct phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
+
+ phytate biosynthesis, via direct phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate anabolism, via direct phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate synthesis, via direct phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4541
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis, via direct phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate formation, via direct phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
+ phytate biosynthetic process, via direct phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, by a pathway using inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate hydrolysis by phospholipase C; in this pathway, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is successively phosphorylated to yield inositol hexakisphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthetic process, lipid-independent
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytic acid, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, by the successively phosphorylation of myo-inositol or an inositol trisphosphate; the inositol trisphosphates that may be used by this pathway are inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol 3,4,6trisphosphate.
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate biosynthesis, lipid-independent
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate anabolism, lipid-independent
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate synthesis, lipid-independent
+ myo-inositol hexakisphosphate formation, lipid-independent
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4661
+ phytate biosynthesis, lipid-independent
+ phytate biosynthetic process, lipid-independent
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monopolin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Pcs1/Mde4 complex
+ A protein complex required for clamping microtubule binding sites, ensuring orientation of sister kinetochores to the same pole (mono-orientation) during meiosis I. In the yeast S. cerevisiae this complex consists of Csm1p, Lrs4p, Hrr25p and Mam1p; in S. pombe Psc1 and Mde4 have been identified as subunits.
+ monopolin subcomplex Csm1/Lrs4
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to vitamin B3
+
+ response to nicotinamide
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B3 stimulus.
+ response to niacin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rDNA heterochromatin
+
+ cellular_component
+ ribosomal DNA heterochromatin
+ A region of heterochromatin located at the rDNA repeats in a chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal response to stress
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Slx1-Slx4 complex
+
+
+ A heterodimeric protein complex that possesses an endonuclease activity that specifically cleaves certain types of branched DNA structures; because such structures often form during the replication ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats, the complex plays a role in the maintenance of rDNA. The subunits are known as Slx1 and Slx 4 in budding and fission yeasts, and are conserved in eukaryotes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process
+
+ unsaturated fatty acid metabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-762
+ MetaCyc:PWY-782
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of water loss via skin
+
+ skin barrier function
+ biological_process
+ A process that modulates the rate or extent of water loss from an organism via the skin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cotranscriptional gene silencing by small RNA
+
+ biological_process
+ A process by which the targeting of nascent transcripts by the RITS complex mediates chromatin modifications and promotes the degradation of nascent transcripts synthesized in heterochromatic regions.
+ small RNA-mediated cotranscriptional gene silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal/ventral axon guidance
+
+ dorsoventral axon guidance
+ dorsal-ventral axon guidance
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the dorsal-ventral body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior/posterior axon guidance
+
+ The process by which the migration of an axon growth cone is directed to a specific target site along the anterior-posterior body axis in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
+ biological_process
+ anterior-posterior axon guidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ESCRT-0 complex
+
+
+ A protein complex required for the recycling of Golgi proteins, formation of lumenal membranes and sorting of ubiquitinated proteins into those membranes. This complex includes Vps1p and Hse1p in yeast and the Hrs and STAM proteins in mammals.
+ Hrs/STAM complex
+ Vps27p-Hse1p complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin complex localization
+
+ Any process by which a gamma-tubulin complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ establishment and maintenance of gamma-tubulin complex localization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication, Okazaki fragment processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The DNA metabolic process, occurring during lagging strand synthesis, by which RNA primers are removed from Okazaki fragments, the resulting gaps filled by DNA polymerization, and the ends ligated to form a continuous strand.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactoferrin transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of lactoferrin into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transferrin transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of transferrin into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high affinity iron permease complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex composed of a multicopper ferroxidase that oxidizes Fe(II) to Fe(III), and a ferric iron permease that transports the produced Fe(III) into the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to testosterone stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid glycosylation at cell surface
+
+ The addition of a sugar unit to a protein amino acid at the surface of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid glycosylation in cytosol
+
+ The addition of a sugar unit to a protein amino acid in the cytosol.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid glycosylation in endoplasmic reticulum
+
+ biological_process
+ protein amino acid glycosylation in ER
+ The addition of a sugar unit to a protein amino acid in the endoplasmic reticulum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid glycosylation in Golgi
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a sugar unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid galactosylation in endoplasmic reticulum
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid in the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ protein amino acid galactosylation in ER
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid galactosylation at cell surface
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid at the surface of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid galactosylation in Golgi
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid in any compartment of the Golgi apparatus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid galactosylation in cytosol
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a galactose unit to a protein amino acid in the cytosol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhabdomere membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the rhabdomere.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate
+
+ biological_process
+ tyrosine formation from chorismate via L-arogenate
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tyrosine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3461
+ tyrosine anabolism from chorismate via L-arogenate
+ tyrosine synthesis from chorismate via L-arogenate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via phenylpyruvate
+
+ L-phenylalanine formation from chorismate via phenylpyruvate
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-phenylalanine synthesis from chorismate via phenylpyruvate
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PHESYN
+ L-phenylalanine biosynthesis from chorismate via phenylpyruvate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate phenylpyruvate.
+ L-phenylalanine anabolism from chorismate via phenylpyruvate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-phenylalanine biosynthetic process from chorismate via L-arogenate
+
+ biological_process
+ L-phenylalanine formation from chorismate via L-arogenate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-phenylalanine from other compounds, including chorismate, via the intermediate L-arogenate.
+ L-phenylalanine anabolism from chorismate via L-arogenate
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-phenylalanine biosynthesis from chorismate via L-arogenate
+ L-phenylalanine synthesis from chorismate via L-arogenate
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3462
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shikimate biosynthetic process
+
+ shikimate synthesis
+ shikimate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of shikimate, (3R,4S,5R)--3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate, the anion of shikimic acid.
+ shikimate formation
+ shikimate anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Elongator holoenzyme complex
+
+
+ Elongator core complex
+ cellular_component
+ A heterohexameric protein complex that is involved in tRNA modification, and exerts indirect effects on transcriptional elongation and exocytosis. The complex can associate physically with hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II; it contains two discrete heterotrimeric subcomplexes.
+ GO:0033589
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cobalamin
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cobalamin (vitamin B12) stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ response to vitamin B12
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to L-ascorbic acid
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) stimulus.
+ response to ascorbic acid
+ response to vitamin C
+ response to L-ascorbate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BRCA2-MAGE-D1 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric protein complex formed of BRCA2 and MAGE-D1; may mediate the synergistic activities of the two proteins in regulating cell growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to hydroxyisoflavone
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroxyisoflavone stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to genistein
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a genistein stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TSC1-TSC2 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ tuberous sclerosis complex
+ A heterodimeric protein complex consisting of tumerin and hamartin; its formation may regulate hamartin homomultimer formation. The complex acts as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase (Rheb), and inhibits the TOR signaling pathway.
+ tuberin-hamartin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic checkpoint complex
+
+
+ A multiprotein complex that functions as a mitotic checkpoint inhibitor of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). In budding yeast this complex consists of Mad2p, Mad3p, Bub3p and Cdc20p, and in mammalian cells it consists of MAD2, BUBR1, BUB3, and CDC20.
+ cellular_component
+ MCC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+ down regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.
+ downregulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+ inhibition of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+ activation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.
+ upregulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+ up regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of dopamine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of dopamine secretion
+ downregulation of dopamine secretion
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of dopamine secretion
+ down-regulation of dopamine secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of dopamine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of dopamine secretion
+ upregulation of dopamine secretion
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of dopamine secretion
+ up-regulation of dopamine secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of dopamine.
+ activation of dopamine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of catecholamine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of catecholamine secretion
+ down regulation of catecholamine secretion
+ downregulation of catecholamine secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of catecholamine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of catecholamine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a catecholamine.
+ activation of catecholamine secretion
+ upregulation of catecholamine secretion
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of catecholamine secretion
+ up regulation of catecholamine secretion
+ up-regulation of catecholamine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemokine receptor transport within lipid bilayer
+
+ The directed movement of a chemokine receptor within a lipid bilayer.
+ chemokine receptor translocation within membrane
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SOD1-Bcl-2 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric protein complex formed of superoxide dismutase 1 and Bcl-2. Complex formation is thought to link superoxide dismutase to an apoptotic pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxalate metabolic process
+
+ oxalic acid metabolic process
+ ethanedioic acid metabolic process
+ ethanedioate metabolic process
+ oxalate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxalate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ oxalate biosynthesis
+ ethanedioic acid biosynthetic process
+ ethanedioate biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.
+ oxalate anabolism
+ oxalate synthesis
+ oxalate formation
+ oxalic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxalate catabolic process
+
+
+ ethanedioate catabolic process
+ oxalate catabolism
+ ethanedioic acid catabolic process
+ oxalate breakdown
+ oxalic acid catabolic process
+ oxalate degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oxalate, the organic acid ethanedioate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase in the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV assembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
+ mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ plasma membrane cytochrome c oxidase complex assembly
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex IV (also known as cytochrome c oxidase) in the plasma membrane.
+ plasma membrane cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane protein proteolysis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of its intracellular or ecto-domains.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mei2 nuclear dot
+
+ cellular_component
+ Mei2 dot
+ A nuclear body that forms during meiotic prophase in a fixed position in the horsetail nucleus; contains Mei2 and meiRNA. May play a role in the progression of meiosis I.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts
+
+ Note that it is speculated that higher eukaryotic YTH-family protein may be involved in similar mechanisms to supress gene regulation during gametogenesis or general silencing.
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the selective degradation of meiosis-specific transcripts during vegetative growth, by a mechanism that requires determinant of selective removal (DSR) sequences in the targeted mRNAs and involves a YTH family protein.
+ nuclear mRNA catabolic process, meiosis-specific transcripts
+ mRNA degradation, meiosis-specific transcripts
+ degradation of meiosis-specific transcripts
+ mRNA breakdown, meiosis-specific transcripts
+ mRNA catabolism, meiosis-specific transcripts
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integrin activation
+
+ integrin complex activation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits, that lead to the increased affinity of the integrin for its extracellular ligands.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of integrin activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.
+ regulation of integrin complex activation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of integrin activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.
+ negative regulation of integrin complex activation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of integrin activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of integrin complex activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell surface receptor linked signal transduction leading to integrin activation
+
+ Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell that lead to the increased affinity of an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits, for its extracellular ligands.
+ biological_process
+ cell surface receptor linked signal transduction leading to integrin complex activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell adhesion mediated by integrin
+
+ The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.
+ biological_process
+ cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
+ negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin
+
+
+ cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
+ The attachment of one cell to another cell via an integrin, a heterodimeric adhesion receptor formed by the non-covalent association of particular alpha and beta subunits.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
+ regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin complex
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell-cell adhesion mediated by integrin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host response to abiotic stimulus
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates a change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (non-living) stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host response to temperature stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ modulation by symbiont of host response to thermal stimulus
+ Any process by which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host response to cold
+
+ freezing tolerance
+ Any process by which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host response to heat
+
+ response to heat shock
+ Any process by which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host response to water
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a water stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host response to osmotic stress
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host response to pH
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host response to gravitational stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ response to gravitational stimulus
+ Any process by which an organism modulates a change in state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of a host cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell membrane
+
+ Double layer of lipid molecules as it encloses host cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell endomembrane system
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the host cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host intracellular part
+
+ Any constituent part of the living contents of a host cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ host cell intracellular part
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host intracellular organelle
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the host cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
+
+ host intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle
+ cellular_component
+ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, as found in host cells, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell mitochondrion
+
+
+ host mitochondria
+ cellular_component
+ A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle as found in host cells that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cell cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell plastid
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any member of a family of organelles as found in the cytoplasm of host cells, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell chloroplast
+
+ A chlorophyll-containing plastid as found within host cells with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell chloroplast part
+
+ Any constituent part of a chloroplast as it is found in host cells and which are a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ host chloroplast component
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell chloroplast thylakoid membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast found in host cells, combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell cytoplasm part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of the host cell cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ cytoplasm component
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host chloroplast
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell chloroplasts. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host chloroplast part
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a component of the host cell chloroplast. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host chloroplast thylakoid
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell chloroplast thylakoid. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host mitochondrion
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of host cell mitochondria. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+
+
+ down regulation by symbiont of defense response in host by specific elicitors
+ suppression by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by symbiont of pathogen-race/host plant cultivar-specific resistance in symbiont
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host gene-for-gene resistance
+ inhibition by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
+
+
+ inhibition by organism of defense-related host active oxygen species production
+ down regulation by organism of defense-related host metabolic burst
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related host ROI production
+ downregulation by organism of defense-related host AOS production
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related host respiratory burst
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxygen intermediate production
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related host ROS production
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down-regulation by organism of defense-related host oxidative burst
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host defense-related protein level
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The alternation by a symbiont of the levels of defense-related proteins in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related protein level
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont stops or reduces of the levels of defense-related proteins in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related protein level
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases levels of defense-related proteins in its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of growth or development of symbiont within host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of growth or development of organism within host
+ modulation of invasive growth
+ modulation of growth or development of symbiont within host
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass, or its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of growth or development of symbiont within host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of growth or development of organism within host
+ up-regulation of growth or development of organism within host
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of invasive growth
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases its size or mass or its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation of growth or development of organism within host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of growth or development of symbiont within host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of growth or development of organism within host
+ negative regulation of invasive growth
+ down-regulation of growth or development of organism within host
+ inhibition of growth of development of organism within host
+ Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces its increase in size or mass or its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in the symbiotic interaction.
+ down regulation of growth or development of organism within host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down-regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+ down regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+ downregulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+ Note that term is to be used to annotate gene products in the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term 'negative regulation of apoptosis ; GO:0043066'.
+ inhibition by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
+
+ regulation of NAD kinase activity
+ NAD kinase regulator
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
+
+
+ inhibition of NAD+ kinase activity
+ NAD+ kinase inhibitor
+ down regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
+ down-regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of NAD+ kinase activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
+
+
+ up regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
+ up-regulation of NAD+ kinase activity
+ stimulation of NAD+ kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NAD kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an NAD molecule.
+ upregulation of NAD+ kinase activity
+ NAD+ kinase activator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of kinase activity
+
+
+ downregulation of kinase activity
+ kinase inhibitor
+ inhibition of kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of kinase activity
+ down regulation of kinase activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of kinase activity
+
+
+ up-regulation of kinase activity
+ kinase activator
+ stimulation of kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
+ upregulation of kinase activity
+ up regulation of kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pericanalicular vesicle
+
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane-bounded vesicle found near the apical, or pericanalicular, membrane of a hepatocyte; contains proteins involved in bile salt transport and other fluid and solute transport processes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-excision repair, DNA incision
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process that results in the endonucleolytic cleavage of the damaged strand of DNA. The incision occurs at the junction of single-stranded DNA and double-stranded DNA that is formed when the DNA duplex is unwound.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
+ downregulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.
+ down-regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
+ up-regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
+ activation of luteinizing hormone secretion
+ stimulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of luteinizing hormone secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of luteinizing hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osteoblast proliferation
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of osteoblasts, resulting in the expansion of an osteoblast cell population. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of osteoblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of osteoblast proliferation
+ down regulation of osteoblast proliferation
+ inhibition of osteoblast proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
+ down-regulation of osteoblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of osteoblast proliferation
+ activation of osteoblast proliferation
+ up-regulation of osteoblast proliferation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of osteoblast proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
+ upregulation of osteoblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ cellular glycan biosynthetic process
+ cellular polysaccharide anabolism
+ cellular glycan biosynthesis
+ cellular polysaccharide synthesis
+ cellular polysaccharide biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular polysaccharide formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurofilament bundle assembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The assembly of neurofilaments into bundles, in which the filaments are longitudinally oriented, with numerous crossbridges between them. Neurofilament bundles may be cross-linked to each other, to membrane-bounded organelles or other cytoskeletal structures such as microtubules.
+ NF bundle assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of extent of heterochromatin formation
+
+
+ maintenance of heterochromatin boundaries
+ biological_process
+ Any process that reduces the extent of heterochromatin formation; reduces the size of a chromosomal region converted to heterochromatin.
+ negative regulation of heterochromatin spreading
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of extent of heterochromatin formation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the extent of heterochromatin formation; increases the size of a chromosomal region converted to heterochromatin.
+ positive regulation of heterochromatin spreading
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rpd3/Clr6 histone deacetylase complex I/I'
+
+
+ Clr6L complex
+ GO:0000508
+ A histone deacetylase complex which deacetylates histones across gene coding regions. Composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, an Sds-3 family protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, a WD repeat protein, and a zf- PHD finger (Clr6, Sds3, Pst1, Prw1, Png2 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p and Ash1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
+ Clr6 histone deacetylase complex I/I'
+ Rpd3L complex
+ cellular_component
+ Rpd3C(L)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipid efflux
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a phospholipid out of a cell or organelle.
+ phospholipid export
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosome localization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process by which a ribosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of ribosome localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of the ribosome to a specific location.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to glucagon stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ A nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex that specifically targets SUMOylated proteins; the complex is formed of homodimers or heterodimers of RNF4 family ubiquitin ligases and is conserved in eukaryotes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basal labyrinth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A region in the lower half of some cells formed from extensive infoldings of the basal plasma membrane; includes cytoplasm adjacent to the infolded membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ furaldehyde metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving furaldehyde, a furan ring-containing aldehyde compound which can be formed from the thermal decomposition of biomass.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+ inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+ down-regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+
+
+ stimulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+ activation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+ up-regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+ up regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process
+
+ nucleoside bisphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthesis
+ nucleoside bisphosphate anabolism
+ nucleoside bisphosphatehate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+ nucleoside bisphosphate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ nucleoside bisphosphate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ nucleoside bisphosphate degradation
+ nucleoside bisphosphate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process
+
+ ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial DNA inheritance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial DNA segregation
+ The process by which copies of the mitochondrial genome are segregated or distributed into daughter mitochondria upon mitochondrial fission.
+ mitochondrial chromosome segregation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic mRNA processing body assembly
+
+ P body biogenesis
+ P-body assembly
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a cytoplasmic mRNA processing body.
+ P body assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ box C/D snoRNA metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving box C/D type small nucleolar RNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ box H/ACA snoRNA metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acidocalcisome lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membranes of an acidocalcisome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to methanol
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methanol stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to lipid
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipid stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to triglyceride
+
+ response to triacylglyceride
+ response to triacylglycerol
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a triglyceride stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to silicon dioxide
+
+ biological_process
+ response to silox
+ response to silica
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a silicon dioxide stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ ribonucleoside bisphosphate synthesis
+ ribonucleoside bisphosphate anabolism
+ ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthesis
+ ribonucleoside bisphosphate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ ribonucleoside bisphosphate degradation
+ ribonucleoside bisphosphate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+ purine nucleoside bisphosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ purine nucleoside bisphosphate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+ purine nucleoside bisphosphate biosynthesis
+ purine nucleoside bisphosphate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ purine nucleoside bisphosphate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ purine nucleoside bisphosphate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine nucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a deoxyribose or ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine nucleoside bisphosphate breakdown
+ purine nucleoside bisphosphate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate biosynthesis
+ purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate anabolism
+ purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate catabolism
+ purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate, a glycosamine consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose sugar esterified with one phosphate group attached to each of two different hydroxyl groups on its glycose moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exomer complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that forms a coat structure on vesicles involved in exocytosis of proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface; in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Chs5p, Chs6p, and Chs6p paralogues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-autophagosomal structure membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PAS membrane
+ A cellular membrane associated with the pre-autophagosomal structure.
+ isolation membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2A.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2A.
+ down regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+ inhibition of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+ down-regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+ downregulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+
+
+ up regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+ stimulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+ upregulation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme protein phosphatase type 2A.
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of protein phosphatase type 2A activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host programmed cell death induced by symbiont
+
+ Cell death in a host resulting from activation of host endogenous cellular processes after direct or indirect interaction with a symbiont (defined as the smaller of two, or more, organisms engaged in symbiosis, a close interaction encompassing mutualism through parasitism). An example of direct interaction is contact with penetrating hyphae of a fungus; an example of indirect interaction is encountering symbiont-secreted molecules.
+ Note that this term is to be used to annotate gene products in the host, not the symbiont. To annotate gene products in the symbiont that induce programmed cell death in the host, consider the biological process term 'induction by symbiont of host programmed cell death ; GO:0052044'.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
+ negative regulation of plant hypersensitive response
+ negative regulation of HR-PCD
+ negative regulation of HR
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
+ inhibition of plant-type hypersensitive response
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.
+ down regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
+ activation of plant-type hypersensitive response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hypersensitive response in a plant.
+ up-regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
+ up regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
+ upregulation of plant-type hypersensitive response
+ positive regulation of plant hypersensitive response
+ positive regulation of HR-PCD
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of HR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of plant hypersensitive response
+ modulation by symbiont of host HR
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term 'plant-type hypersensitive response ; GO:0009626'.
+ modulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ modulation by symbiont of plant HR
+ modulation by symbiont of host hypersensitive response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+
+
+
+ inhibition by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+ inhibition of hypersensitive response
+ inhibition of host defense-related PCD
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term 'negative regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response ; GO:0034051'.
+ suppression by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+ downregulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD
+ negative regulation by symbiont of plant HR
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of HR
+ inhibition by symbiont of host defense-related PCD
+ down regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation by symbiont of plant hypersensitive response
+ suppression of HR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of plant HR
+ upregulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+ activation of hypersensitive response
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host defense-related PCD
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term 'positive regulation of plant-type hypersensitive response ; GO:0034052'.
+ activation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+ biological_process
+ stimulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+ up regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host defense-related programmed cell death
+ enhancement by symbiont of host defense-related PCDprogrammed cell death
+ Any process by which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of defense-related programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation by symbiont of plant hypersensitive response
+ activation of HR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosomal vesicle fusion
+
+ biological_process
+ The homotypic fusion of endocytic vesicles to form or add to an early endosome.
+ endosome vesicle fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to anoxia
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating a decline in oxygen levels to trace amounts, <0.1%.
+ response to anoxic stress
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'response to hypoxia ; GO:0001666'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanelle stroma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The space enclosed by the double membrane of a cyanelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stress granule assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a stress granule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tor2-Mei2-Ste11 complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains the transcription factor Ste11 and the RNA binding protein Mei2; involved in regulation of conjugation in fission yeast.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication fork processing at rDNA locus
+
+
+ replication fork processing at ribosomal DNA locus
+ biological_process
+ recovery from replication fork stalling at rDNA locus
+ The process by which a DNA replication fork that has stalled at the rDNA replication fork barrier (RFB) is repaired and replication is restarted.
+ recovery from replication fork arrest at rDNA locus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ric1p-Rgp1p complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that acts as a nucleotide exchange factor for the GTPase Ypt6p, and is required for fusion of endosome-derived vesicles with the Golgi.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization in Golgi apparatus
+
+ biological_process
+ A process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the Golgi apparatus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ butanediol metabolic process
+
+ butanediol metabolism
+ butylene glycol metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.
+ butylene glycol metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ butanediol catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ butylene glycol catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ butylene glycol catabolism
+ butanediol degradation
+ butanediol catabolism
+ butanediol utilization
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.
+ butanediol breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ butanediol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ butanediol formation
+ butylene glycol biosynthetic process
+ MetaCyc:P125-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butanediol; the biologically relevant isomer is 2,3-butanediol, CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH3.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ butylene glycol biosynthesis
+ butanediol biosynthesis
+ butanediol synthesis
+ butanediol anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CenH3-containing nucleosome assembly at centromere
+
+
+
+ centromere specific nucleosome exchange
+ DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly at centromere
+ biological_process
+ The formation of nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CenH3 (also called CENP-A) to form centromeric chromatin; occurs outside the context of DNA replication.
+ centromere-specific histone exchange
+ centromeric DNA replication-independent nucleosome assembly
+ centromere-specific nucleosome assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyketide synthase complex
+
+
+ PKS complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that carries out enzymatic reactions involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides, any of a diverse group of natural products synthesized via linear poly-beta-ketones.
+ PKS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type II polyketide synthase complex
+
+ type II PKS
+ type II PKS complex
+ A polyketide synthase complex that consists of several different polypeptide chains, each of which catalyzes a single reaction.
+ type II polyketide synthase
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type III polyketide synthase complex
+
+ type III polyketide synthase
+ A polyketide synthase complex that consists of two identical ketosynthase polypeptides.
+ type III PKS complex
+ type III PKS
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic cohesion stability
+ The process by which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become joined along the entire length of the chromosome during S phase during a meiotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained as chromosomes condense, attach to the spindle in a bipolar orientation, and congress to the metaphase plate during a meiotic cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of maintenance of meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a meiotic cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cytokine stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cdc48p-Npl4p-Ufd1p AAA ATPase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multiprotein ATPase complex required for the efficient dislocation of ER-lumenal degradation substrates, and their subsequent proteolysis by the proteasome. In budding yeast, this complex includes Cdc48p, Npl4p and Ufd1p proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luminal surveillance complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A multiprotein complex that recognizes ERAD-luminal misfolded substrates and brings them to the ubiquitination/extraction machinery. In yeast, this complex consists of Yos9p, Kar2p and Hrd3p proteins.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythrocyte homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ RBC homeostasis
+ red blood cell homeostasis
+ Any process of regulating the production and elimination of erythrocytes within an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythrocyte clearance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The selective elimination of erythrocytes from the body by autoregulatory mechanisms.
+ red blood cell clearance
+ RBC clearance
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is intended for annotation of self-gene products that lead to elimination of erythrocytes without the involvement of a symbiont.
+ neocytolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tissue remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tissue remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tissue remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tissue remodeling.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of erythrocyte clearance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of red blood cell clearance
+ biological_process
+ regulation of neocytolysis
+ regulation of RBC clearance
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of erythrocyte clearance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of red blood cell clearance
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of RBC clearance
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.
+ negative regulation of neocytolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of erythrocyte clearance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of red blood cell clearance
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of neocytolysis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte clearance.
+ positive regulation of RBC clearance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homotypic cell-cell adhesion
+
+ Note that this term is not synonymous with 'homophilic cell adhesion ; GO:0007156'; the process may occur by homophilic or heterophilic mechanisms.
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of a cell to a second cell of the identical type via adhesion molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of homotypic cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of homotypic cell-cell adhesion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
+
+ Note that this term is not synonymous with 'heterophilic cell adhesion ; GO:0007157'; the process may occur by homophilic or heterophilic mechanisms.
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of a cell to a cell of a different type via adhesion molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythrocyte aggregation
+
+ biological_process
+ red blood cell aggregation
+ The adhesion of one erythrocyte to one or more other erythrocytes via adhesion molecules.
+ RBC aggregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of erythrocyte aggregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of RBC aggregation
+ regulation of red blood cell aggregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of erythrocyte aggregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of RBC aggregation
+ negative regulation of red blood cell aggregation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of erythrocyte aggregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of red blood cell aggregation
+ positive regulation of RBC aggregation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of erythrocyte aggregation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
+ regulation of TLR signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of TLR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of TLR signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation ofMyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+ regulation ofMyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation ofMyD88-independent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation ofMyD88-independent TLR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of MyD88-independent TLR signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of MyD88-independent TLR signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway
+
+ toll-like receptor 1 signalling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 1.
+ biological_process
+ TLR1 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signalling pathway
+ regulation of TLR1 signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of TLR1 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway.
+ positive regulation of TLR1 signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 1 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
+
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 2.
+ biological_process
+ toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway
+ TLR2 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TLR2 signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of TLR2 signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway.
+ positive regulation of TLR2 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ TLR3 signaling pathway
+ toll-like receptor 3 signalling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 3.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TLR3 signaling pathway
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of TLR3 signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 3 signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of TLR3 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
+
+ toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
+ TLR4 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 4.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
+ regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
+ positive regulation of TLR4 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
+
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 5.
+ toll-like receptor 5 signalling pathway
+ TLR5 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TLR5 signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TLR5 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 5 signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of TLR5 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway
+
+ toll-like receptor 6 signalling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 6.
+ TLR6 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TLR6 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of TLR6 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway.
+ positive regulation of TLR6 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ TLR7 signaling pathway
+ toll-like receptor 7 signalling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 7.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TLR7 signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of TLR7 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 7 signaling pathway.
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 7 signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of TLR7 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway
+
+ TLR8 signaling pathway
+ toll-like receptor 8 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 8.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signalling pathway
+ regulation of TLR8 signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TLR8 signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of TLR8 signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 8 signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ toll-like receptor 9 signalling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 9.
+ TLR9 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.
+ regulation of TLR9 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of TLR9 signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of TLR9 signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
+
+ toll-like receptor 10 signalling pathway
+ TLR10 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 10.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.
+ regulation of TLR10 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of TLR10 signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 10 signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway.
+ positive regulation of TLR10 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway
+
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 11.
+ TLR11 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ toll-like receptor 11 signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TLR11 signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of TLR11 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 11 signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 11 signaling pathway.
+ positive regulation of TLR11 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway
+
+ toll-like receptor 12 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 12.
+ TLR12 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.
+ regulation of TLR12 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of TLR12 signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 12 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of TLR12 signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 12 signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway
+
+ toll-like receptor 13 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 13.
+ TLR13 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signalling pathway
+ regulation of TLR13 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of TLR13 signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 13 signaling pathway.
+ positive regulation of TLR13 signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of toll-like receptor 13 signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the extent to which the association between sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome is maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-galactonate metabolic process
+
+ D-galactonate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galactonate, the anion of D-galactonic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-galactonate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-galactonate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-galactonate, the anion of L-galactonic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-galactonate catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-galactonate, the anion of D-galactonic acid.
+ D-galactonate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-galactonate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:GALACTCAT-PWY
+ D-galactonate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-galactonate catabolic process
+
+
+ L-galactonate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-galactonate, the anion of L-galactonic acid.
+ L-galactonate degradation
+ L-galactonate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:GALACTCAT-PWY
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acylglycerol transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of an acylglycerol into, out of, within or between cells. An acylglycerol is any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
+ glyceride transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triglyceride transport
+
+ triacylglycerol transport
+ The directed movement of triglyceride into, out of, within or between cells. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to amino acid starvation
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of amino acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of protein kinase A activity
+
+ biological_process
+ protein kinase A activation
+ Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to oleic acid
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an oleic acid stimulus.
+ response to oleate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycolipid translocation
+
+
+
+ scramblase
+ The translocation, or flipping, of glycolipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
+ flippase
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid translocation
+
+ The translocation, or flipping, of lipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-amyloid formation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The generation of beta-amyloid by cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP).
+ Note that this term does not fall under the general GO definition for biosynthetic processes, which is 'The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of... ', because beta-amyloid can only be formed by the proteolysis of a larger molecule (see term definition). The word 'formation' is therefore used in place of biosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enhanceosome
+
+ A protein-DNA complex formed by the association of a distinct set of general and specific transcription factors with a region of enhancer DNA. The cooperative assembly of an enhanceosome confers specificity of transcriptional regulation.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Enhanceosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid acetylation
+
+
+ The addition of an acetyl group to a steroid molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid deacetylation
+
+
+ The removal of an acetyl group from a steroid molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of an acetyl group to a sterol molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol deacetylation
+
+ The removal of an acetyl group from a sterol molecule. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quinolinate catabolic process
+
+ quinolinate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ quinolinate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
+ quinolinate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein hexamerization
+
+ protein hexamer biosynthesis
+ protein hexamer biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a protein hexamer, a macromolecular structure consisting of six noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
+ protein hexamer formation
+ protein hexamer assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall chitin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall chitin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.
+ ascospore wall chitin formation
+ ascospore wall chitin synthesis
+ ascospore wall chitin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall chitin metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ascospore wall chitin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmembrane carbohydrate transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a carbohydrate is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmembrane ion transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby an ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal-type cell wall chitin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ fungal-type cell wall chitin biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cell wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of vegetatively growing fungal cells.
+ fungal-type cell wall chitin formation
+ fungal-type cell wall chitin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ fungal-type cell wall chitin synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell wall chitin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cell wall chitin metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving chitin in a cell wall.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ascospore wall chitin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ascospore wall chitin formation
+ regulation of ascospore wall chitin anabolism
+ regulation of ascospore wall chitin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ascospore wall chitin.
+ regulation of ascospore wall chitin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to zinc ion starvation
+
+ biological_process
+ ellular response to zinc ion limitation
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of zinc ions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to zinc ion starvation
+
+
+ Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is deprived of zinc ions.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to zinc ion limitation
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to zinc deficiency
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine import
+
+
+ The directed movement of lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.
+ L-lysine import
+ lysine uptake
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA thio-modification
+
+ The addition a sulfur atom to a nucleotide in a tRNA molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanolamine transport
+
+ 2-aminoethanol transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of ethanolamine into, out of, within or between cells. Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine) is an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine.
+ monoethanolamine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enkephalin processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ enkephalin formation
+ peptide enkephalin processing
+ peptide enkephalin formation
+ The formation of mature enkephalin, a pentapeptide hormone involved in regulating pain and nociception in the body by proteolytic processing of enkephalin propeptide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ islet amyloid polypeptide processing
+
+ islet amyloid polypeptide formation
+ islet amyloid peptide formation
+ The formation of mature islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) by posttranslational processing of pro-islet amyloid polypeptide (pro-IAPP).
+ islet amyloid peptide processing
+ biological_process
+ IAPP formation
+ IAPP processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall chitin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ascospore wall chitin, a linear polysaccharide consisting of P-1,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, found in the walls of ascospores.
+ biological_process
+ ascospore wall chitin breakdown
+ ascospore wall chitin degradation
+ ascospore wall chitin catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell wall chitin catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell wall chitin catabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cell wall chitin.
+ regulation of cell wall chitin degradation
+ regulation of cell wall chitin breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ascospore wall chitin catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ascospore wall chitin breakdown
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ascospore wall chitin.
+ regulation of ascospore wall chitin catabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of ascospore wall chitin degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage fusion
+
+ biological_process
+ The binding and fusion of a macrophage to one or more other cells to form a multinucleated cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of macrophage fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of macrophage fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of macrophage fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of RNA elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of RNA elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of RNA elongation, the extension of an RNA molecule after transcription initiation by the addition of ribonucleotides, catalyzed by RNA polymerase II.
+ negative regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
+
+
+ mitochondrial RNA polymerase complex
+ mitochondrial RNA polymerase holoenzyme complex
+ A DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex located in the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial RNA polymerase is composed of two subunits, a catalytic core, which resembles the enzymes from bacteriophage T7 and T3, and a specificity factor required for promoter recognition, which is similar to members of the eubacterial sigma factor family. In S. cerevisiae, these are encoded by the nuclear genes RPO41 and MTF1 and the specificity factor, required for promoter recognition and initiation, is not present in the elongating form.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snoRNA splicing
+
+
+ The process of removing sections of a primary snoRNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the snoRNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the snoRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of amide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of amide metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of amide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
+ negative regulation of amide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of amide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of amide metabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amides.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of amide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides.
+ regulation of amide catabolism
+ regulation of amide breakdown
+ regulation of amide degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of amide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides.
+ negative regulation of amide breakdown
+ negative regulation of amide degradation
+ negative regulation of amide catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of amide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amides.
+ positive regulation of amide degradation
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of amide breakdown
+ positive regulation of amide catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of urea catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of urea catabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea.
+ regulation of urea breakdown
+ regulation of urea degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of urea metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving urea.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of urea metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinamide riboside transport
+
+ The directed movement of a nicotinamide riboside, which is a pyridine-3-carboxamide covalently bonded to a ribose sugar, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Rho GTPase activity
+
+
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of activity of a GTPase of the Rho family.
+ down regulation of Rho GTPase activity
+ inhibition of Rho GTPase activity
+ down-regulation of Rho GTPase activity
+ downregulation of Rho GTPase activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of GTPase activity
+
+
+ inhibition of GTPase activity
+ down-regulation of GTPase activity
+ downregulation of GTPase activity
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of GTPase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
+ negative regulation of guanosinetriphosphatase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Ras GTPase activity
+
+
+ down regulation of Ras GTPase activity
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of Ras GTPase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of activity of a GTPase of the Ras superfamily.
+ inhibition of Ras GTPase activity
+ down-regulation of Ras GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagy in response to ER overload
+
+
+ biological_process
+ autophagy in response to ER stress
+ The process by which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm in response to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ autophagy in response to endoplasmic reticulum overload
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopentenyl adenine metabolic process
+
+ isopentenyladenine metabolic process
+ isopentenyl adenine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopentenyl adenine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ isopentenyl adenine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.
+ isopentenyl adenine anabolism
+ isopentenyl adenine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ isopentenyladenine biosynthetic process
+ isopentenyl adenine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopentenyl adenine catabolic process
+
+
+ isopentenyl adenine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ isopentenyl adenine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the cytokinin 6-isopentenyladenine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ isopentenyl adenine catabolism
+ isopentenyladenine catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ discadenine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.
+ discadenine metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ discadenine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ discadenine formation
+ discadenine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.
+ discadenine biosynthesis
+ discadenine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ discadenine catabolic process
+
+
+ discadenine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of discadenine, (2S)-2-amino-4-{6-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]-3H-purin-3-yl}butanoic acid.
+ discadenine catabolism
+ discadenine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CVT complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that is involved in the CVT pathway. In budding yeast, the CVT complex consists of multimers of preApe1p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I
+
+ PtdIns-3-kinase complex I
+ Note that this term should not be confused with '1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, class IA complex; GO:0005943' or '1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, class IB complex ; GO:0005944'.
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that posseses phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and is involved in autophagy. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, Atg14p and Vps15p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex II
+
+ Note that this term should not be confused with '1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, class IA complex; GO:0005943' or '1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase, class IB complex ; GO:0005944'.
+ PtdIns-3-kinase complex II
+ A protein complex that posseses phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and is involved in vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) via endosomes. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps30p, Vps34p, VPS38 and Vps15p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Atg1p signaling complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Atg1p signalling complex
+ A protein complex that contains a protein kinase and is required for the autophagosome formation. In budding yeast this complex consists of the kinase Atg1p, Atg13p and Atg17p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex required for the expansion of the autophagosomal membrane. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Atg12p, Atg5p and Atg16p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kynurenic acid metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenic acid, 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.
+ biological_process
+ kynurenic acid metabolism
+ 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kynurenic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of kynurenic acid, 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid.
+ kynurenic acid formation
+ kynurenic acid synthesis
+ 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid biosynthetic process
+ kynurenic acid anabolism
+ kynurenic acid biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to monosaccharide stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monosaccharide stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to disaccharide stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disaccharide stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to maltose stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a maltose stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of monosaccharide stimulus
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a monosaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of monosaccharide stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of disaccharide stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ perception of disaccharide stimulus
+ The series of events in which a stimulus from a disaccharide is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of maltose stimulus
+
+
+ perception of maltose stimulus
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a maltose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sexual sporulation
+
+
+
+ The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis.
+ meiotic spore formation
+ sexual spore formation
+ meiotic sporulation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sexual spore wall assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ sexual spore wall formation
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a sexual spore wall, the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from a product of meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basidiospore formation
+
+ The process by which spores form outside a specialized end cell known as a basidium. Basidia are characteristic of the basidiomycete fungi (phylum Basidiomycota), and give rise to spores that each contain a haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis. The spores are usually attached to the basidium by short spikes called sterigmata (singular: sterigma). In most basidiomycetes there are four sterigmata (and four spores) to a basidium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zygospore formation
+
+ The process by which zygospores are formed. Zygospores are characteristic of the zygomycete fungi (phylum Zygomycota) thick-walled and darkly colored, and usually heavily ornamented as well, with many spines or ridges. It is formed between two specialized organs called suspensors, which are themselves usually heavily ornamented, one from each mating partner. The zygospore forms between them and then breaks away.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oidium formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which oidia, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Oidia are borne a few at a time on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arthrospore formation
+
+ biological_process
+ arthroconidium formation
+ The formation of conidia by the conversion of a pre-existing hypha. An arthrospore is produced by the last cell on a hypha breaking off and dispersing. Usually the walls thicken and the cell(s) separates before swelling of each spore. Sometimes further septa form in each cell prior to disarticulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive blastospore formation
+
+ biological_process
+ blastoconidium formation
+ Note that this term should not be confused with the usage of 'blastospore' to mean any yeast-form fungal cell, as in Candida species.
+ The formation of a spore following the marked enlargement of part of a cell before separation by a septum. Blastospores are a type of asexual spore found in some fungi, most notably the class Glomeromycota.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporangiospore formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endospore formation
+
+ The process by which a cell gives rise to an endospore, a dormant, highly resistant spore with a thick wall that forms within the mother cell. Endospores are produced by some low G+C Gram-positive bacteria in response to harsh conditions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ akinete formation
+
+ The process by which an akinete, a thick-walled (encysted) dormant cell derived from the enlargement of a vegetative cell, is formed. Akinetes typically have granular cytoplasm, are more resistant to environmental extremes than vegetative cells, and are characteristic of several groups of Cyanobacteria.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myxospore formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which differentiated, resting cells are formed, usually within a fruiting body by Myxobacteria. The myxospore is more resistant to high temperature, dessication, and UV than vegetative myxobacteria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actinomycete-type spore formation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which differentiated, resting cells are formed from a substrate mycelium; characteristic of many members of the order Actinomycetales.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of asexual sporulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitotic sporulation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of mitotic spore formation
+ regulation of asexual spore formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation from the products of mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sexual sporulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of meiotic sporulation
+ MAPKKK cascade during sporulation (sensu Fungi)
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation from the products of meiosis.
+ regulation of sexual spore formation
+ regulation of meiotic spore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ascospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation.
+ MAPKKK cascade during sporulation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monohydric alcohol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one hydroxyl group attached to a saturated carbon atom.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ monohydric alcohol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monohydric alcohol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ monohydric alcohol anabolism
+ monohydric alcohol biosynthesis
+ monohydric alcohol synthesis
+ monohydric alcohol formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monohydric alcohols, any of a class of alkyl compounds containing a single hydroxyl group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monohydric alcohol catabolic process
+
+
+ monohydric alcohol catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monohydric alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing a single hydroxyl group attached to a saturated carbon atom.
+ monohydric alcohol degradation
+ biological_process
+ monohydric alcohol breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diol metabolic process
+
+ dihydric alcohol metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
+ diol metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ diol formation
+ biological_process
+ diol synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
+ diol biosynthesis
+ diol anabolism
+ dihydric alcohol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diol catabolic process
+
+
+ dihydric alcohol catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ diol breakdown
+ diol degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a diol, any alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
+ diol catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation
+
+ biological_process
+ actin filament branch nucleation
+ branched actin filament nucleation
+ The actin nucleation process by which actin monomers combine to form a new branch on the side of an existing actin filament; mediated by the Arp2/3 protein complex and its interaction with other proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation mediated by the Arp2/3 complex and interacting proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell junction assembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cellular process that results in the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a cell junction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell junction organization
+
+ cell junction assembly and maintenance
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell junction. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
+ cell junction biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell junction maintenance
+
+
+
+ The organization process by which a cell junction is preserved in a stable functional or structural state. A cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adherens junction organization
+
+ biological_process
+ adherens junction organisation
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
+ adherens junction assembly and maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adherens junction assembly
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
+ biological_process
+ adherens junction formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adherens junction maintenance
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The maintenance of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA folding
+
+ biological_process
+ RNA chaperone
+ The process of assisting in the covalent and noncovalent assembly of single or multimeric RNAs into the correct tertiary structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by nuclear hormone receptor
+
+ Any process by which a ligand-bound hormone receptor acts in the nucleus to modulate the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to type I interferon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type I interferon stimulus. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
+ response to type I IFN
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to interferon-gamma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to type II interferon
+ response to type II IFN
+ response to gamma-interferon
+ response to immune interferon
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to type III interferon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ response to interferon-lambda
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a type III interferon stimulus. Type III interferons are members of the interferon-lambda gene family.
+ response to type III IFN
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type III interferon production
+
+ The appearance of type III interferon due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Type III interferons are members of the interferon-lambda gene family.
+ Note that IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 are types of interferon-lambda.
+ biological_process
+ type III IFN production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of type III interferon production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Type III interferons are members of the interferon-lambda gene family.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of type III IFN production
+ Note that IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 are types of interferon-lambda.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of type III interferon production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of type III interferon production
+ Note that IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 are types of interferon-lambda.
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Type III interferons are members of the interferon-lambda gene family.
+ negative regulation of type III IFN production
+ down-regulation of type III interferon production
+ down regulation of type III interferon production
+ inhibition of type III interferon production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of type III interferon production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of type III interferon production
+ stimulation of type III interferon production
+ Note that IL-28A, IL-28B, and IL-29 are types of interferon-lambda.
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type III interferon production. Type III interferons are members of the interferon-lambda gene family.
+ activation of type III interferon production
+ up-regulation of type III interferon production
+ positive regulation of type III IFN production
+ upregulation of type III interferon production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell apoptosis
+
+ glia programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ glial cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ apoptosis of glial cells
+ programmed cell death, glia
+ programmed cell death, glial cells
+ The process of apoptosis in glial cells.
+ glia apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ apoptosis of glia
+ programmed cell death of glial cells by apoptosis
+ programmed cell death of glia by apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glial cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glial cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of glial cell apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of glial cell apoptosis
+ inhibition of glial cell apoptosis
+ down regulation of glial cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glial cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of glial cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of glial cell apoptosis
+ up-regulation of glial cell apoptosis
+ stimulation of glial cell apoptosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of glial cell apoptosis.
+ activation of glial cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ de novo NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NAD salvage
+
+ Any process that generates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis; salvage is usually from the degradation products nicotinic acid (Na) and nicotinamide (Nam).
+ biological_process
+ NAD salvage pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NAD biosynthesis via nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway
+
+ nicotinamide riboside salvage pathway
+ NR salvage pathway
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) from the vitamin precursor nicotinamide riboside.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosynthetic membrane
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane enriched in complexes formed of reaction centers, accessory pigments and electron carriers, in which photosynthetic reactions take place.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma lipoprotein particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A spherical particle with a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and/or cholesterol esters, surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Plasma lipoprotein particles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood or lymph.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature chylomicron
+
+ A chylomicron that contains apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2), a cofactor for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and has a mean diameter of 500 nm and density of 0.95g/ml. Mature chylomicron particles transport exogenous (dietary) lipids from the intestines to other body tissues, via the blood and lymph.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chylomicron remnant
+
+ A lipoprotein particle that is derived from a mature chylomicron particle by the removal of triglycerides from the chylomicron core by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of surface components. It characteristically contains apolipoprotein E (APOE) and is cleared from the blood by the liver.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ very-low-density lipoprotein particle
+
+ VLDL complex
+ very-low-density lipoprotein complex
+ A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that is typically composed of APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of about 1.006 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-80 nm. It is found in blood and transports endogenous products (newly synthesized cholesterol and triglycerides) from the liver.
+ cellular_component
+ VLDL particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low-density lipoprotein particle
+
+ LDL particle
+ LDL complex
+ cellular_component
+ low-density lipoprotein complex
+ A lipoprotein particle, rich in cholesterol esters and low in triglycerides that is typically composed of APOB100 and APOE and has a density of 1.02-1.06 g/ml and a diameter of between 20-25 nm. LDL particles are formed from VLDL particles (via IDL) by the loss of triglyceride and gain of cholesterol ester. They transport endogenous cholesterol (and to some extent triglycerides) from peripheral tissues back to the liver.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate-density lipoprotein particle
+
+ IDL particle
+ A triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle that typically contains APOB100, APOE and APOCs and has a density of 1.006-1.019 g/ml and a diameter of between 25-30 nm. IDL particles are found in blood and are formed by the delipidation of very-low-density lipoprotein particles (VLDL). IDL particles are removed from blood by the liver, following binding to the APOE receptor, or are converted to low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
+ intermediate-density lipoprotein complex
+ cellular_component
+ IDL complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high-density lipoprotein particle
+
+ HDL particle
+ high-density lipoprotein class complex
+ HDL3
+ HDL2
+ HDL complex
+ A lipoprotein particle with a high density (typically 1.063-1.21 g/ml) and a diameter of 5-10 nm that contains APOAs and may contain APOCs and APOE; found in blood and carries lipids from body tissues to the liver as part of the reverse cholesterol transport process.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle
+
+ A newly formed high-density lipoprotein particle; consists of a phospholipid bilayer surrounded by two or more APOA1 molecules. The discoidal HDL particle is formed when lipid-free or lipid-poor APOA1 acquires phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol from either cell membranes or triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (undergoing lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase).
+ nascent HDL
+ discoidal HDL
+ cellular_component
+ nascent high-density lipoprotein particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spherical high-density lipoprotein particle
+
+ cellular_component
+ mature high-density lipoprotein particle
+ mature HDL
+ spherical HDL
+ A mature high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle, converted from discoidal HDL particles following the esterification of cholesterol in the particle by phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macromolecular complex remodeling
+
+ biological_process
+ The acquisition, loss, or modification of macromolecules within a complex, resulting in the alteration of an existing complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-lipid complex remodeling
+
+ biological_process
+ The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a protein-lipid complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma lipoprotein particle remodeling
+
+ biological_process
+ The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a plasma lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the esterification of cholesterol by phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling
+
+ triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling
+ The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride from a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chylomicron remodeling
+
+ chylomicron remnant formation
+ biological_process
+ The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a chylomicron, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
+
+ IDL formation
+ The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a very-low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase and the subsequent loss of free fatty acid.
+ intermediate-density lipoprotein particle formation
+ biological_process
+ VLDL remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
+
+ biological_process
+ The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within an intermediate-density lipoprotein particle.
+ LDL formation
+ IDL remodeling
+ low-density lipoprotein particle formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
+
+ LDL remodeling
+ The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a low-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
+
+ HDL remodeling
+ The acquisition, loss or modification of a protein or lipid within a high-density lipoprotein particle, including the hydrolysis of triglyceride by hepatic lipase, with the subsequent loss of free fatty acid, and the transfer of cholesterol esters from LDL to a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), with the simultaneous transfer of triglyceride to LDL.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conversion of discoidal high-density lipoprotein to spherical high-density lipoprotein
+
+ conversion of discoidal HDL to spherical HDL
+ discoidal HDL remodeling
+ biological_process
+ discoidal high-density lipoprotein remodeling
+ The process by which a discoidal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle acquires additional lipid or protein molecules, and cholesterol in the particle is converted to tightly bound cholesterol esters by the action of phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase; LCAT), resulting in the formation of a spherical HDL particle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma lipoprotein particle assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a plasma lipoprotein particle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chylomicron assembly
+
+ The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the intestine to form a chylomicron.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ very-low-density lipoprotein particle assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids in the liver to form a very-low-density lipoprotein particle.
+ VLDL assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high-density lipoprotein particle assembly
+
+ The aggregation and arrangement of proteins and lipids to form a high-density lipoprotein particle.
+ HDL assembly
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoprotein particle clearance
+
+ The process by which a lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chylomicron remnant clearance
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a chylomicron remnant is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis into liver cells and its constituent parts degraded.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
+
+ LDL clearance
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high-density lipoprotein particle clearance
+
+ HDL clearance
+ The process by which a high-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle
+
+ cellular_component
+ A plasma lipoprotein particle that has a hydrophobic core enriched in triglycerides surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoproteins. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteinparticles transport lipids, which are non-covalently associated with the particles, in the blood.
+ triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein particle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Pwp2p-containing subcomplex of 90S preribosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that the term name uses Saccharomyces gene product names because no other names have yet arisen for this complex; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the name can be changed if better wording is found.
+ A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and can interact directly with the 5' External Transcribed Spacer (ETS) of the full length pre-rRNA transcript. In S. cerevisiae, it sediments at 25-30 S and is composed of Pwp2p, Dip2p, Utp21p, Utp13p, Utp18p, and Utp6p.
+ 25-30 S subcomplex of 90S preribosome
+ cellular_component
+ UTP-B complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid particle organization
+
+ biological_process
+ adiposome organization and biogenesis
+ lipid particle organization and biogenesis
+ lipid body organization and biogenesis
+ lipid droplet organization and biogenesis
+ lipid particle organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lipid particle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+
+ programmed cell death of smooth muscle cells by apoptosis
+ SMC apoptosis
+ apoptosis of smooth muscle cells
+ The process of apoptosis in smooth muscle cells. Smooth muscle consists of non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cell found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels.
+ programmed cell death, smooth muscle cells
+ smooth muscle cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptosis.
+ regulation of SMC apoptosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+ negative regulation of SMC apoptosis
+ down regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+ inhibition of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptosis.
+ upregulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+ up-regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+ positive regulation of SMC apoptosis
+ stimulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ activation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+ up regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization at cell surface
+
+ A process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an iron stimulus.
+ regulation of specific transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter in response to an iron stimulus.
+ downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
+ negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter in response to iron
+ down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
+ down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
+ inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to iron
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere localization
+
+
+ Any process by which a telomere is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere tethering at nuclear periphery
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a telomere is maintained in a specific location at the nuclear periphery.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear periphery
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the nuclear lumen proximal to the inner nuclear membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gerontoplast
+
+ cellular_component
+ A plastid found in senescing, formerly green tissues that is derived from a chloroplast that undergoes an organized developmental program of senescence.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of chromatin architecture during transcription
+
+ Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic chromatin during transcription.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recruitment of 3'-end processing factors to RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which proteins required for 3'-end transcript processing become associated with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex and the 3' end of a transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alignment of 3' and 5' splice sites of nuclear mRNA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Recognition of both the 5' and 3'-splice sites and positioning them in the correct alignment with respect to each other so that the second catalytic step of nuclear mRNA splicing can occur.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide anabolism
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide synthesis
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide formation
+ biological_process
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to fluid shear stress
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall beta-glucan metabolic process
+
+
+
+ cell wall beta-glucan metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
+ cell wall beta-1,3 glucan metabolic process
+ cell wall beta-1,3 glucan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall beta-glucan metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
+ biological_process
+ ascospore wall beta-glucan metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan metabolic process
+
+
+ fungal-type cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
+ fungal-type cell wall beta-1,3 glucan metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ fungal-type cell wall beta-1,3 glucan metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ cell wall beta-glucan anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
+ cell wall beta-glucan formation
+ cell wall beta-glucan synthesis
+ cell wall beta-glucan biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,3-beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
+ cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthesis
+ cell wall beta-1,3-glucan anabolism
+ cell wall beta-1,3-glucan formation
+ biological_process
+ cell wall beta-1,3-glucan synthesis
+ cell wall beta-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
+ cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan anabolism
+ cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis
+ cell wall beta-1,3-glucan biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall 1,3-beta-glucan formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall beta-glucan synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
+ gosubset_prok
+ ascospore wall beta-glucan anabolism
+ ascospore wall beta-glucan biosynthesis
+ ascospore wall beta-glucan formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall beta-1,3-glucan anabolism
+ ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan biosynthesis
+ ascospore wall beta-1,3-glucan synthesis
+ ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan formation
+ biological_process
+ ascospore wall 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis
+ ascospore wall beta-1,3-glucan biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,3-beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-beta-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
+ ascospore wall beta-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
+ ascospore wall beta-1,3-glucan formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, endonucleolytic
+
+ endonucleolytic tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage
+ tRNA 3'-end cleavage, endonucleolytic
+ biological_process
+ Endonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA.
+ endonucleolytic tRNA 3'-end cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage, exonucleolytic
+
+ exonucleolytic tRNA 3'-end cleavage
+ tRNA 3'-end cleavage, exonucleolytic
+ exonucleolytic tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage
+ Exonucleolytic cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ urate anabolism
+ urate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ urate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine.
+ uric acid biosynthetic process
+ urate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ co-translational protein amino acid acetylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cotranslational protein amino acid acetylation
+ The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring before the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-translational protein amino acid acetylation
+
+ posttranslational protein amino acid acetylation
+ biological_process
+ The addition of an acetyl group to one or more amino acids in a protein, occurring after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aleurone grain lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of an aleurone grain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagic vacuole lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed within the autophagic vacuole membrane.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term should be used for annotating gene products with caution: it should be used only to annotate gene products demonstrated to reside and function normally in the autophagic vacuole lumen, not for molecules that are temporarily found in the lumen prior to degradation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Vps55/Vps68 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane-associated protein complex that is required for a late stage of endosomal transport. In budding yeast, this complex consists of Vps55p and Vps68p proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ etioplast envelope
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The double lipid bilayer enclosing the etioplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ etioplast membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a etioplast and form the etioplast envelope.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 3'-5'
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the mRNA transcript body that occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
+ 3'-5' exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic, 5'-3'
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the mRNA transcript body that occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
+ 5'-3' exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tectobulbar tract morphogenesis
+
+ Generation of a long process of a CNS neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in the optic tectum towards target cells in the premotor reticulospinal system in the hindbrain.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body outer lipid monolayer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ oleosome outer lipid monolayer
+ oil body outer lipid monolayer
+ lipid droplet outer lipid monolayer
+ spherosome outer lipid monolayer
+ The single layer of phopholipids surrounding a lipid storage body.
+ lipid storage body surface lipid monolayer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid esterification
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A lipid modification process in which a steroid ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and a steroid molecule (e.g. cholesterol).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol esterification
+
+ A lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and a sterol molecule (e.g. cholesterol).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol esterification
+
+ A lipid modification process in which a sterol ester is formed by the combination of a carboxylic acid (often a fatty acid) and cholesterol. In the blood this process is associated with the conversion of free cholesterol into cholesteryl ester, which is then sequestered into the core of a lipoprotein particle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycoprotein transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a glycoprotein, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues other than as a moiety of nucleic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoprotein amino acid oxidation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids in the protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoprotein lipid oxidation
+
+
+ The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid oxidation
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of one or more electrons from a lipid, with or without the concomitant removal of a proton or protons, by reaction with an electron-accepting substance, by addition of oxygen or by removal of hydrogen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma lipoprotein oxidation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids or the lipid moiety, occurring in the blood plasma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipoprotein oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lipoprotein oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of plasma lipoprotein oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation, occurring in the blood plasma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of plasma lipoprotein oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lipoprotein oxidation, occurring in the blood plasma.
+ inhibition of plasma lipoprotein oxidation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
+
+
+ cell spreading during cell substrate adhesion
+ The morphogenetic process by which flattening of a cell takes place as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate.
+ substrate adhesion dependent cell spreading
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
+
+ biological_process
+ VLDL clearance
+ The process by which a very-low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ EGO complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A vacuolar membrane-associated protein complex that is required for activation of microautophagy during exit from rapamycin-induced growth arrest. In budding yeast, S. cerevisiae, this complex includes Meh1p, Gtr2p and Slm4p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GSE complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ GTPase-containing complex for Gap1p sorting in the endosome
+ A conserved protein complex required for protein sorting from endosome to the plasma membrane. In budding yeast, S. cerevisiae, this complex includes Gtr1p, Gtr2p, Slm4p, Meh1p and Ltv1p and it sorts Gap1p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centriolar satellite
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A small (70-100 nm) cytoplasmic granule that contains a number of centrosomal proteins; cetriolar satellites traffic toward microtubule minus ends and are enriched near the centrosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule anchoring
+
+
+ Any process by which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule anchoring at centrosome
+
+ Any process by which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a centrosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ t-UTP complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Nan1p-containing subcomplex of 90S preribosome
+ A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome and is required for the subsequent assembly of the rest of the preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Utp5p, Utp4p, Nan1p, Utp8p, Utp9p, Utp10 and Utp15p.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the term name uses Saccharomyces gene product names because no other names have yet arisen for this complex; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the name can be changed if better wording is found.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UTP-C complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rrp7p, Utp22p, Ckb1p, Cka1p, Ckb2p and Cka2p.
+ cellular_component
+ Rrp7p-containing subcomplex of 90S preribosome
+ Note that the term name uses Saccharomyces gene product names because no other names have yet arisen for this complex; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the name can be changed if better wording is found.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mpp10 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that the term name uses Saccharomyces gene product names because no other names have yet arisen for this complex; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the name can be changed if better wording is found.
+ A protein complex that forms a subcomplex of the 90S preribosome. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Mpp10p, Imp3p and Imp4p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uropod assembly
+
+
+ The assembly of a uropod by rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and overlying membrane.
+ biological_process
+ uropod formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uropod retraction
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a uropod detaches from the cell substrate and retracts the rear of a migrating cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ small-subunit processome assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a small-subunit processome.
+ SSU processome assembly
+ small subunit processome assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 90S preribosome assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and RNA molecules to form a 90S preribosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BBSome
+
+ A protein complex that associates with the primary cilium and is involved in cilium biogenesis; consists of seven conserved proteins: BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, BBS5, BBS7, BBS8 and BBS9.
+ cellular_component
+ Bardet-Biedl syndrome complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to carbon monoxide
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbon monoxide (CO) stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromaffin granule lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of a chromaffin granule.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ esterosome lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of an esterosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosome lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of a glycosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi stack lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by any of the membranes of the thin, flattened cisternae that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ncRNA processing
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that results in the conversion of one or more primary non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts into one or more mature ncRNA molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ncRNA 5'-end processing
+
+
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 5' end of a non-coding RNA molecule.
+ ncRNA 5' end processing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of an snRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ U1 snRNA 3'-end processing
+
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U1 snRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ U2 snRNA 3'-end processing
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U2 snRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ U4 snRNA 3'-end processing
+
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U4 snRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ U5 snRNA 3'-end processing
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U5 snRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ U6 snRNA 3'-end processing
+
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a U6 snRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylglycerol catabolic process
+
+
+ phosphatidylglycerol catabolism
+ phosphatidylglycerol breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol.
+ phosphatidylglycerol degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ raffinose catabolic process
+
+
+ raffinose breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of raffinose, the trisaccharide beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside.
+ raffinose degradation
+ biological_process
+ raffinose catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar transmembrane transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a solute is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar amino acid transport
+
+
+ The process whereby an amino acid is transported from one side of the vacuolar membrane to the other.
+ vacuolar amino acid transmembrane transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basic amino acid export from vacuole
+
+
+ The directed movement of basic amino acids out of the vacuole.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutral amino acid export from vacuole
+
+
+ The directed movement of neutral amino acids out of the vacuole.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basic amino acid import into vacuole
+
+
+ The directed movement of basic amino acids into the vacuole.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutral amino acid import into vacuole
+
+
+ The directed movement of neutral amino acids into the vacuole.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogenosome lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the hydrogenosome membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanosome lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the melanosome membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microneme lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the microneme membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein storage vacuole lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the protein storage vacuole membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multivesicular body membrane disassembly
+
+ biological_process
+ MVB membrane disassembly
+ The controlled breakdown of the membranes of multivesicular bodies.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization to pre-autophagosomal structure
+
+ biological_process
+ protein localization to PAS
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early endosome to Golgi transport
+
+
+ PGE to Golgi transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances from early endosomes to the Golgi.
+ post-Golgi endosome to Golgi transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ late endosome to Golgi transport
+
+
+ prevacuolar endosome to Golgi transport
+ The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the Golgi.
+ biological_process
+ PVE to Golgi transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rDNA separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby rDNA repeat regions are physically detached from each other during chromosome separation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization to kinetochore
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the kinetochore.
+ condensin localization to kinetochore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization to chromosome
+
+ condensin localization to chromosome
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a specific location on a chromosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization to nucleolar rDNA repeats
+
+ condensin localization to nucleolar rDNA repeats
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the rDNA repeats on a chromosome in the nucleolus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization in nucleus
+
+ biological_process
+ A process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the nucleus.
+ protein localization in cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tooth mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which calcium salts are deposited into calcareous tooth structures such as dental enamel, dentine and cementum.
+ tooth calcification
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome, centromeric core region
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The innermost portion of the centromeric region of a chromosome, encompassing the core region of a chromosome centromere and the proteins that bind to it.
+ cellular_component
+ chromosome, centric core region
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome, centromeric outer repeat region
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome, centric outer repeat region
+ The portion of the centromeric region of a chromosome that flanks the core region, encompassing repeated regions of a chromosome centromere and the proteins that bind to it.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centromere complex assembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and centromeric DNA molecules to form a centromeric protein-DNA complex. Includes the formation of the chromatin structures which form a platform for the kinetochore, and assembly of the kinetochore onto this specialized chromatin. In fission yeast and higher eukaryotes this process also includes the formation of heterochromatin at the outer repeat (pericentric) regions of the centromere.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centromeric core chromatin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centromeric core chromatin assembly
+ The assembly of chromatin into the specialized structure characteristic of the centromeric core region, defined by the presence of the variant histone CENP-A.
+ biological_process
+ centric core chromatin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centromere separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby centromeres are physically detached from each other during chromosome separation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial unfolded protein response
+
+ mtUPR
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix; results in transcriptional upregulation of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial stress proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome storage granule
+
+ A multisubunit proteasome complex that localizes in the cytoplasm as dot-like structures when cells are in a quiescent state.
+ cellular_component
+ PSG
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to vitamin B6
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin B6 stimulus. Vitamin B6 encompasses pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribophagy
+
+ The process by which cells degrade mature ribosomes under conditions of starvation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA cap binding complex
+
+ Any protein complex that binds to a specialized RNA cap structure at any time in the lifetime of the RNA.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic RNA cap binding complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex found in the cytoplasm that binds the 5' cap structure of an mRNA, and typically consists of the cap-binding protein eIF4E, the adaptor protein eIF4G, and a multi-factor complex comprising eIF1, eIF2, eIF3 and eIF5. This complex mediates recruitment of the 40S subunit to mRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III assembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the cytochrome bc(1) complex (also known as cytochrome c oxidase), in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
+ mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory chain complex II assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II assembly
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form respiratory chain complex II, in the mitochondrial inner membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 21U-RNA metabolic process
+
+ 21U-RNA metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 21U-RNAs, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 nucleotides in length characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 21U-RNA catabolic process
+
+
+ 21U-RNA catabolism
+ 21U-RNA breakdown
+ biological_process
+ 21U-RNA degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 21U-RNAs, a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21 nucleotides in length characterized by a uridine 5'-monophosphate and a modified 3' end resistant to periodate degradation. 21U-RNAs are derived from distinct, autonomously expressed loci within the genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ piRNA metabolic process
+
+ Piwi-associated RNA metabolic process
+ piRNA metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ piRNA catabolic process
+
+
+ Piwi-associated RNA catabolic process
+ piRNA degradation
+ piRNA breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of piRNAs, Piwi-associated RNAs, a class of 24- to 30-nucleotide RNA derived from repeat or complex DNA sequence elements and processed by a Dicer-independent mechanism.
+ piRNA catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydroxyproline transport
+
+ The directed movement of hydroxyproline into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ L-hydroxyproline transport
+ 4-hydroxyproline transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhoptry lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the rhoptry membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the synaptic vesicle membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to oxidative stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to heat
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cellular response to heat stress
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to hermaphrodite contact
+
+ The response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding. The male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ turning behavior involved in mating
+
+
+ turning behavior during mating
+ The sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vulval location
+
+ Location, by the male, of his partner's vulva when backing along the ventral side of the hermaphrodite during mating. The male stops at the vulva, coordinates his movements to the hermaphrodite's, and positions his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spicule insertion
+
+ biological_process
+ Insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the hermaphrodite. Spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to tumor necrosis factor
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
+ response to TNF
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular protein localization
+
+
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or at the surface of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to reactive oxygen species
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ cellular response to active oxygen species
+ cellular response to reactive oxidative species
+ cellular response to reactive oxygen intermediate
+ cellular response to AOS
+ cellular response to ROS
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
+ cellular response to ROI
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GCH1 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that possesses GTP cyclohydrolase I activity. In E. coli and human, the complex is a homodecamer, and monomers are catalytically inactive.
+ GTP cyclohydrolase I complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to laminar fluid shear stress
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly
+
+
+ biological_process
+ chaperone activity
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to unfolded protein
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an unfolded protein stimulus.
+ heat shock protein activity
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'unfolded protein response ; GO:0030968', which refers to one specific response to the presence of unfolded proteins in the ER.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular macromolecular complex subunit organization
+
+ cellular macromolecular complex subunit organisation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process carried out at the cellular level by which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a macromolecular complex.
+ cellular macromolecular complex organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular macromolecular complex assembly
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a complex, carried out at the cellular level.
+ cellular macromolecule complex assembly
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular macromolecular complex disassembly
+
+
+ The disaggregation of a macromolecular complex into its constituent components, carried out at the cellular level.
+ cellular macromolecule complex disassembly
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA recombinase assembly involved in gene conversion at mating-type locus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA, involved in the conversion of the mating-type locus from one allele to another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid elongation, monounsaturated fatty acid
+
+ Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which one C-C double bond has been introduced.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid elongation, polyunsaturated fatty acid
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Elongation of a fatty acid chain into which two or more C-C double bonds have been introduced.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ de novo NAD biosynthetic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of tryptophan or aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ de novo NAD biosynthetic process from aspartate
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), beginning with the synthesis of aspartate from simpler precursors; biosynthesis may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular protein complex localization
+
+
+ Any process by which a protein complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location within a cell.
+ establishment and maintenance of cellular protein complex localization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RITS complex localization
+
+ Any process by which a RITS complex is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ establishment and maintenance of RITS complex localization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule anchoring at spindle pole body
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a microtubule is maintained in a specific location in a cell by attachment to a spindle pole body. Microtubules attach to spindle pole bodies at the minus end.
+ attachment of spindle microtubules to spindle pole body
+ microtubule anchoring at SPB
+ attachment of spindle microtubules to SPB
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinol transport
+
+ vitamin A1 transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of retinol into, out of, within or between cells. Retinol is vitamin A1, 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-(9'-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylnona-1',3',5',7'-tetraenyl)cyclohex-1-ene, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutathione transport
+
+ The directed movement of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ strand invasion involved in gene conversion at mating-type locus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:76004
+ The process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA at the mating-type locus. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules. This process occurs as part of gene conversion at the mating-type locus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular carbohydrate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, carried out by individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylcholine catabolic process
+
+
+ phosphatidylcholine degradation
+ phosphatidylcholine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline.
+ phosphatidylcholine catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrion localization by microtubule attachment
+
+ mitochondrial migration by microtubule attachment
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrion migration by microtubule attachment
+ mitochondrial localization by microtubule attachment
+ The directed movement of a mitochondrion by attachment to a microtubule, followed by elongation of the microtubule by tubulin polymerization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular nitrogen compound metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial migration along actin filament
+
+
+ mitochondrial migration, actin-mediated
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microfilament, mediated by motor proteins.
+ mitochondrion transport along actin filament
+ mitochondrial migration along microfilament
+ mitochondrion migration along microfilament
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrion localization, microtubule-mediated
+
+
+ mitochondrial localization, microtubule-mediated
+ biological_process
+ microtubule-mediated mitochondrion localization
+ The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location, by a process involving microtubules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to UV
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular response to ultraviolet radiation stimulus
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
+ cellular response to ultraviolet light stimulus
+ biological_process
+ cellular response to UV radiation stimulus
+ cellular response to UV light stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, carried out by individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle-enclosing lipid monolayer
+
+ A lipid monolayer that surrounds and encloses an organelle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortisol metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties.
+ cortisol metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortisol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ cortisol formation
+ cortisol biosynthesis
+ cortisol synthesis
+ cortisol anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cortisol, the steroid hormone 11-beta-17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. Cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol in the adrenal gland and controls carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and has anti-inflammatory properties.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrachromosomal circular DNA localization during cell aging
+
+ Note that the term string was changed to be consistent with placement of this term in cell aging hierarchy.
+ Any process by which extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in cells as they age.
+ biological_process
+ extrachromosomal circular DNA localization during cell ageing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinoic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ retinoic acid catabolism
+ retinoic acid breakdown
+ retinoic acid degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
+ biological_process
+ vitamin A1 acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid biosynthesis
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid formation
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid catabolism
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid degradation
+ nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide catabolic process
+
+
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide catabolism
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GID complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex with ubiquitin ligase activity that is involved in proteasomal degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase during the transition from gluconeogenic to glycolytic growth conditions. In S. cerevisiae, the GID (Glucose Induced degradation Deficient) complex consists of Vid30p, Rmd5p, Vid24p, Vid28p, Gid7p, Gid8p, and Fyv10p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopropylmalate transport
+
+ The directed movement of isopropylmalate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ncRNA metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs).
+ ncRNA metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ncRNA catabolic process
+
+
+ ncRNA degradation
+ ncRNA catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs). Includes the breakdown of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs).
+ biological_process
+ ncRNA breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CFTR-NHERF-ezrin complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains ezrin, Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF, also called EBP50), and two copies of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The CFTR molecules interact with NHERF via their cytoplasmic tail domains; the complex is thought to link the CFTR channel to the actin cytoskeleton and contribute to the regulation of channel activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum network complex
+ ER network complex
+ ER chaperone complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is composed of chaperone proteins, including BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ig heavy chain-bound endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Ig heavy chain-bound ER chaperone complex
+ A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is formed by the association of an immunoglobulin heavy chain with the proteins of the ER chaperone complex; the latter include BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.
+ immunoglobulin heavy chain-bound endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha1-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha1 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+ ITGA1-ITGB1 complex
+ VLA-1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha2-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ VLA-2 complex
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha2 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+ ITGA2-ITGB1 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha3-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha3 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+ ITGA3-ITGB1 complex
+ VLA-3 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha4-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+ VLA-4 complex
+ ITGA4-ITGB1 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha4-beta7 integrin complex
+
+ ITGA4-ITGB7 complex
+ cellular_component
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha4 subunit and one beta7 subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotaxis to arachidonic acid
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of arachidonic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in pronephros anterior-posterior patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway involved in pronephros anterior-posterior patterning
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands that results in the spatial identity of regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the pronephros.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pronephros anterior/posterior patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random anterior-posterior spatial arrangement of the pronephros.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibin-betaglycan-ActRII complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that consists of inhibin, type III transforming growth factor beta receptor (also known as betaglycan), and the type II activin receptor ActRII. The complex is thought to negatively regulate the activity of activin B.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha5-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha5 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+ VLA-5 complex
+ cellular_component
+ ITGA5-ITGB1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha6-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ ITGA6-ITGB1 complex
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+ VLA-6 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha6-beta4 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ ITGA6-ITGB4 complex
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha6 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha7-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ ITGA7-ITGB1 complex
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha7 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha8-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha8 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+ ITGA8-ITGB1 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha9-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha9 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+ cellular_component
+ ITGA9-ITGB1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha10-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha10 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+ ITGA10-ITGB1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha11-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alpha11 subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+ cellular_component
+ ITGA11-ITGB1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta1 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ ITGAV-ITGB1 complex
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta1 subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta3 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta3 subunit.
+ ITGAV-ITGB3 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta5 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta5 subunit.
+ ITGAV-ITGB5 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta6 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta6 subunit.
+ ITGAV-ITGB6 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta8 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alphav subunit and one beta8 subunit.
+ ITGAV-ITGB8 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphaL-beta2 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alphaL subunit and one beta2 subunit.
+ Itgal-Itgb2 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphaM-beta2 integrin complex
+
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alphaM subunit and one beta2 subunit.
+ Itgam-Itgb2 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphaX-beta2 integrin complex
+
+ Itgax-Itgb2 complex
+ cellular_component
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alphaX subunit and one beta2 subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphaD-beta2 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alphaD subunit and one beta2 subunit.
+ Itgad-Itgb2 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphaE-beta7 integrin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Itgae-Itgb7 complex
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alphaE subunit and one beta7 subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ E.F.G complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that comprises three core spliceosomal proteins, designated E, F, and G. Formation of the E.F.G complex is essential but not sufficient for the formation of a stable U1 snRNP complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNP U11/U12
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A ribonucleoprotein complex containing two small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, snRNP U11 and snRNP U12.
+ 18S U11/U12 snRNP
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to prostaglandin stimulus
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to prostaglandin E stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to prostaglandin F stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin F stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to prostaglandin I stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin I stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to gonadotropin stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gonadotropin stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to luteinizing hormone stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a luteinizing hormone stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ion channel complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cation channel complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An ion channel complex through which cations pass.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium channel complex
+
+ An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ potassium channel complex
+
+ An ion channel complex through which potassium ions pass.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sodium channel complex
+
+ An ion channel complex through which sodium ions pass.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloride channel complex
+
+ An ion channel complex through which chloride ions pass.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methyltransferase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A protein complex that possesses methyltransferase activity.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylosome
+
+
+ 20S methyltransferase complex
+ 20S methylosome
+ A large (20 S) protein complex that possesses protein arginine methyltransferase activity and modifies specific arginines to dimethylarginines in the arginine- and glycine-rich domains of several spliceosomal Sm proteins, thereby targeting these proteins to the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex for assembly into small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) core particles. Proteins found in the methylosome include the methyltransferase JBP1 (PRMT5), pICln (CLNS1A), MEP50 (WDR77), and unmethylated forms of SM proteins that have RG domains.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pICln-Sm protein complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains pICln (CLNS1A) and several Sm proteins, including SmD1, SmD2, SmE, SmF, and SmG.
+ 6S pICln complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gemin3-Gemin4-Gemin5 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains Gemin3 (DDX20), Gemin4, and Gemin5, and can bind to snRNAs; may be an intermediate in SMN complex assembly.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gemin6-Gemin7-unrip complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains Gemin6, Gemin7, and unrip (STRAP), and can bind to snRNAs; may play a role in snRNP assembly.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SMN-Gemin2 complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and Gemin2; may form the stable core of the larger SMN complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SMN-Sm protein complex
+
+
+ Note that this complex is sometimes referred to as the 'SMN complex', but it should not be confused with GO:0032797.
+ A protein complex formed by the association of several methylated Sm proteins with the SMN complex; the latter contains the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein and at least eight additional integral components, including the Gemin2-8 and unrip proteins; additional proteins, including galectin-1 and galectin-3, are also found in the SMN-SM complex. The SMN-Sm complex is involved in spliceosomal snRNP assembly in the cytoplasm.
+ SMN-containing protein complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K4 demethylation
+
+ H3K4 demethylation (me1 me2 and me3)
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 4 of the histone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K4 demethylation, trimethyl-H3-K4-specific
+
+ H3K4 demethylation (me3)
+ biological_process
+ histone H3-K4 tridemethylation
+ The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from a trimetylated lysine at position 4 of the histone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication-dependent nucleosome organization
+
+
+ DNA replication-dependent nucleosome organisation
+ The formation or destruction of chromatin structures on newly replicated DNA, coupled to strand elongation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication-independent nucleosome organization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ DNA replication-independent nucleosome organisation
+ The formation or destruction of chromatin structures, occurring outside the context of DNA replication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication-dependent nucleosome disassembly
+
+
+ The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes on newly replicated DNA, coupled to strand elongation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication-independent nucleosome disassembly
+
+
+ The controlled breakdown of nucleosomes outside the context of DNA replication.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ piecemeal microautophagy of nucleus
+
+
+ Degradation of a cell nucleus by microautophagy.
+ PMN
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleosome organization
+
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of one or more nucleosomes.
+ biological_process
+ nucleosome organisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K79 methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 79 of the histone.
+ histone H3 K79 methylation
+ histone H3K79me
+ histone lysine H3 K79 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SmD-containing SMN-Sm protein complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An SMN-Sm protein complex formed by the association of the methylated Sm proteins B/B', D1, D2, D3, E, F, and G with the SMN complex.
+ SMN-containing protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lsm-containing SMN-Sm protein complex
+
+ An SMN-Sm protein complex formed by the association of the methylated Sm proteins B/B', D3, E, F, and G, and Lsm10 and Lsm11, with the SMN complex. This complex forms Sm cores on U7 snRNA.
+ SMN-containing protein complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIIIB-alpha complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex that contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP), B'' and a specialized homolog of the conserved subunit BRF referred to as BRFU or TFIIIB50, which found in human but not conserved in yeast; the complex is involved in the regulation of transcription from type 3 (upstream) RNA polymerase III promoters.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex
+
+ Note that the subunits of TFIIIB-beta are conserved between human and yeast; however, in yeast a single TFIIIB complex regulates transcription of tRNA, 5S rRNA and U6 snRNA genes, whereas two different TBP-dependent TFIIIB activities exist in humans.
+ cellular_component
+ A transcription factor TFIIIB-beta complex that contains the TATA-binding protein (TBP), B'' and BRF, and is involved in the regulation of transcription from type 2 RNA polymerase III promoters.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIIIC1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transcription factor complex that forms part of the TFIIIC complex, observed in human. The complex is poorly characterized, but contains the 250-kDa form of HsBdp1, and is thought to include nuclear factor 1 (NF1). It stimulates binding by human TFIIIC2 and is required for transcription activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIIIC2 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transcription factor complex that forms part of the TFIIIC complex, observed in human; composed of five subunits (GTF3C1/hTFIIIC220/TFIIICalpha, GTF3C2/hTFIIIC110/TFIIICbeta, GTF3C3/hTFIIIC102/TFIIICgamma, GTF3C4/hTFIIIC90/TFIIICdelta and GTF3C5/hTFIIIC63/TFIIICepsilon in human) that together recognize the type 2 RNA polymerase III promoter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TFIIIC-TOP1-SUB1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ TFIIIC-Topoisomerase 1-PC4 complex
+ A protein complex that contains TFIIIC, topoisomerase 1, and Sub1/PC4. Characterized in human, the complex is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. Topoisomerase 1 and Sub1 enhance the accuracy of transcription termination, and promote reinitiation by Pol III.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ APC-tubulin-IQGAP1 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+ 60S APC complex
+ A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), alpha-tubulin, gamma-tubulin, and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ APC-Axin-1-beta-catenin complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), Axin-1, and beta-catenin.
+ 23S APC complex
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ APC-IQGAP complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ APC-IQGAP1-Cdc42 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+ A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Cdc42, and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ APC-IQGAP1-Rac1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+ A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Rac1, and the Rac1 and Cdc42 effector IQGAP1; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ APC-IQGAP1-CLIP-170 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+ A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), the small GTPase Cdc42, and CLIP-170; may play a role in cytoskeleton organization and cell migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Axin-APC-beta-catenin-GSK3B complex
+
+
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), Axin-1, beta-catenin, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. Formation of this complex leads to phosphorylation of beta-catenin and down-regulation of beta-catenin activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Par3-APC-KIF3A complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains Par3, the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and the kinesin-related protein KIF3A; involved in establishing neuronal cell polarity.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scrib-APC complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant) and the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC); may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+ hScrib-APC complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex
+
+
+ hScrib-APC-beta-catenin complex
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+ A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant), the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and beta-catenin; may be involved in the control of cell proliferation.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex
+
+
+ AhR complex
+ A protein complex that acts as an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. Cytosolic and nuclear Ah receptor complexes have different subunit composition, but both contain the ligand-binding subunit AhR.
+ cellular_component
+ AHRC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ 9S-cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor non-ligand activated complex
+ An aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex found in the cytosol, in which the ligand-binding subunit AhR is not bound to ligand; consists of AhR, two molecules of HSP90, the protein kinase c-Src, and the immunophilin XAP2/AIP.
+ cytosolic AhR complex
+ cytosolic AHRC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ 6S-nuclear aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor ligand-activated complex
+ nuclear AhR complex
+ nuclear AHRC
+ An aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) complex found in the nucleus; ; consists of ligand-bound AhR and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular hormone metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone, as carried out by individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmembrane iron ion transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ transmembrane iron transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process whereby an iron ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of iron ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of iron transport
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ regulation of Fe transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of iron ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of iron ion transport
+ inhibition of iron ion transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ down-regulation of iron ion transport
+ downregulation of iron ion transport
+ negative regulation of iron transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of iron ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of iron ion transport
+ up regulation of iron ion transport
+ upregulation of iron ion transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of iron ion transport
+ positive regulation of iron transport
+ up-regulation of iron ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transmembrane iron transport
+ regulation of transmembrane Fe transport
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions (Fe) from one side of a membrane to the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
+ inhibition of transmembrane iron ion transport
+ negative regulation of transmembrane iron transport
+ down regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
+ downregulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transmembrane iron transport
+ activation of transmembrane iron ion transport
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
+ upregulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of iron ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
+ up-regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
+ up regulation of transmembrane iron ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transmembrane transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transmembrane transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of transmembrane transport
+ down regulation of transmembrane transport
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.
+ down-regulation of transmembrane transport
+ downregulation of transmembrane transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transmembrane transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of transmembrane transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a solute from one side of a membrane to the other.
+ stimulation of transmembrane transport
+ up regulation of transmembrane transport
+ activation of transmembrane transport
+ up-regulation of transmembrane transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transmembrane ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transmembrane ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of transmembrane ion transport
+ down regulation of transmembrane ion transport
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of transmembrane ion transport
+ downregulation of transmembrane ion transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transmembrane ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of ions from one side of a membrane to the other.
+ upregulation of transmembrane ion transport
+ activation of transmembrane ion transport
+ stimulation of transmembrane ion transport
+ up regulation of transmembrane ion transport
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of transmembrane ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basement membrane disassembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The controlled breakdown of the basement membrane in the context of a normal process such as imaginal disc eversion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4-K20 methylation
+
+ histone H4K20me
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H4 by addition of one or more methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
+ histone lysine H4 K20 methylation
+ histone H4 K20 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4-K20 monomethylation
+
+
+ The modification of histone H4 by addition of one methyl group to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
+ histone lysine H4 K20 monomethylation
+ biological_process
+ histone H4 K20 monomethylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4-K20 dimethylation
+
+
+ histone H4 K20 dimethylation
+ The modification of histone H4 by addition of two methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
+ histone lysine H4 K20 dimethylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4-K20 trimethylation
+
+
+ The modification of histone H4 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone.
+ histone lysine H4 K20 trimethylation
+ biological_process
+ histone H4 K20 trimethylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretory granule lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ : The volume enclosed by the membrane of a secretory granule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmembrane glutathione transport
+
+
+ A process whereby glutathinone is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to histamine
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histamine stimulus. Histamine, the biogenic amine 2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine, is involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter.
+ biological_process
+ response to histamine stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recycling endosome lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membranes of a recycling endosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelin maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of endothelin by conversion of Big-endothelin substrate into mature endothelin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular biopolymer metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cellular biopolymer metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving biopolymers, long, repeating chains of monomers found in nature, such as polysaccharides and proteins, as carried out by individual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ cellular biopolymer formation
+ cellular biopolymer anabolism
+ cellular biopolymer biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ cellular biopolymer synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biopolymers, long, repeating chains of monomers found in nature, such as polysaccharides and proteins, as carried out by individual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular biopolymer catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biopolymers, long, repeating chains of monomers found in nature, such as polysaccharides and proteins, as carried out by individual cells.
+ cellular biopolymer catabolism
+ biological_process
+ cellular biopolymer degradation
+ cellular biopolymer breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ box C/D snoRNA processing
+
+
+ Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript into a mature box C/D snoRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ box H/ACA snoRNA processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript into a mature box H/ACA snoRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intronic box C/D snoRNA processing
+
+
+ Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box C/D type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box C/D snoRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intronic box H/ACA snoRNA processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the conversion of a primary box H/ACA type small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript that resides within, and is processed from, the intron of a pre-mRNA into a mature box H/ACA snoRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Set3 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SET3C
+ A histone deacetylase complex that is involved in transcriptional regulation. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Set3p, Snt1p, Hos4p, Sif2p, Cpr1p, Hos2p, and Hst1p.
+ cellular_component
+ HDAC3 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone lysine methylation
+
+ The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to a lysine residue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone arginine methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of a histone by addition of a methyl group to an arginine residue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-R2 methylation
+
+ histone H3 R2 methylation
+ The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 2 of the histone.
+ biological_process
+ histone lysine H3 R2 methylation
+ histone H3R2me
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-R17 methylation
+
+ The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 17 of the histone.
+ histone lysine H3 R17 methylation
+ histone H3 R17 methylation
+ biological_process
+ histone H3R17me
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-R26 methylation
+
+ The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 26 of the histone.
+ histone H3 R26 methylation
+ histone lysine H3 R26 methylation
+ biological_process
+ histone H3R26me
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sid2-Mob1 complex
+
+
+ Sid2-Mob1 kinase complex
+ Sid2p-Mob1p complex
+ Dbf2p-Mob1p complex
+ A protein complex that contains a protein kinase (Sid2 in S. pombe) and its regulatory subunit (Mob1). The Sid2p-Mob1p kinase complex is a component of the septation initiation network in fission yeast (called the mitotic exit network in S. cerevisiae) and is required for cytokinesis. The analogous complex in S. cerevisiae is called Dbf2p-Mob1p complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Swi5-Swi2 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Swi5 complex
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term refers to Schizosaccharomyces pombe Swi5 and Swi2, which should not be confused with the unrelated Saccharomyces Swi5p and Swi2p.
+ A protein complex involved that contains proteins known in Schizosaccharomyces as Swi5 monomers and Swi2, and is involved in mating type switching.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum
+
+ biological_process
+ protein folding in ER
+ A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
+
+ ER stress response
+ biological_process
+ response to ER stress
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ABIN2-NFKB1-MAP3K8 complex
+
+
+ ABIN2-NFKB1-TPL-1 complex
+ A protein complex that contains the precursor form of NF-kappaB (p105), the NF-kappaB inhibitor ABIN-2, and the kinase TPL-2 (MAP3K8); the complex stabilizes TPL-2 and is involved in signaling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PDX1-PBX1b-MRG1 complex
+
+
+ acinar cell-specific C complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the homeodomain proteins PDX1, PBX1b and MRG1 (MEIS2) and is involved in the transcriptional regulation of pancreatic acinar cell-specific genes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FHL2-CREB complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL2, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FHL3-CREB complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains CREB and FHL3, and is involved in transcriptional regulation.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial protein processing
+
+ The posttranslational modification of proteins in the mitochondrion, including proteolytic cleavage of proteins that occurs during import into the mitochondrion.
+ mitochondrial protein modification
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine deacetylation
+
+
+ The removal of an acetyl group from an acetylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.
+ protein lysine acetylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
+ cellular DNA damage response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ecsit-NDUFAF1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any large protein complex that contains Ecsit and NDUFAF1, is located in the mitochondrion, and is involved in the assembly of complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation system. In mammalian cells, three complexes of approximately 500, 600, and 850 kDa containing the 45 kDa isoform of Ecsit and NDUFAF1 have been observed.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear mitotic cohesin complex
+
+
+ A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion in the nucleus during mitosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.
+ Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products found in cohesin complexes in organisms that undergo closed mitosis (i. e. where the nuclear envelope does not break down, as in fungi). For organisms in which the nuclear envelope breaks down during mitosis, the parent should be used.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear meiotic cohesin complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products found in cohesin complexes in organisms that undergo closed mitosis (i. e. where the nuclear envelope does not break down, as in fungi). For organisms in which the nuclear envelope breaks down during mitosis, the parent should be used.
+ A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion in the nucleus during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule organizing center attachment site
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be confused with the cellular component term 'perinuclear region ; GO:0048471'.
+ MAS
+ MTOC attachment site
+ microtubule organising centre attachment site
+ cellular_component
+ A region of the nuclear envelope to which a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) attaches; protein complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope mediate direct or indirect linkages between the microtubule cytoskeleton and the nuclear envelope.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SUN-KASH complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that spans the nuclear outer and inner membranes, thereby linking the major cytoplasmic cytoskeleton elements to the nuclear lumen; the complex is conserved in eukaryotes and contains proteins with SUN and KASH domains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule organizing center attachment site organization
+
+ microtubule organising centre attachment site organisation
+ MAS organization
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a microtubule organizing center attachment site. A microtubule organizing center attachment site is a region of the nuclear envelope to which a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) attaches.
+ biological_process
+ MTOC attachment site organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SC5b-7 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that consist of complement components C5b6 and C7 stably inserted in a cell membrane. Formation of the SC5b-7 complex is the first phase of membrane attack complex assembly.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RasGAP-Fyn-Lyn-Yes complex
+
+
+ p21(ras)GAP-Fyn-Lyn-Yes complex, thrombin stimulated
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+ A protein complex that consists of a GTPase activator protein (GAP) for Ras and three Src family protein tyrosine kinases, Fyn, Lyn and Yes. The complex is involved in signaling upon platelet activation.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta5 integrin-vitronectin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that comprises one integrin alphav subunit, one integrin beta5 subunit, and vitronectin.
+ cellular_component
+ ITGAV-ITGB5-VTN complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligosaccharyltransferase I complex
+
+ An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains at least seven polypeptides and is the major OST complex in mammalian cells. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complex identified, the OSTI complex has the weakest affinity for ribosomes.
+ OSTCI
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligosaccharyltransferase II complex
+
+ An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTII complex has intermediate affinity for ribosomes.
+ cellular_component
+ OSTCII
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligosaccharyltransferase III complex
+
+ An oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex that contains the seven polypeptides found in OST complex I, plus heterotrimeric Sec61alpha-beta-gamma and the tetrameric TRAP complex. Of the three forms of mammalian OST complexes identified, the OSTIII complex has the strongest affinity for ribosomes.
+ cellular_component
+ OSTCIII
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal trunk growth, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal trunk growth
+ Growth of epithelial tubes that originate from pits in an open tracheal system and grow towards each other to meet and form a continuous open tube called the dorsal trunk. The dorsal trunk extends from the anterior spiracle to the posterior spiracle of the larva and forms the main airway of the insect tracheal system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ liquid clearance, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The clearance of liquid from the epithelial tubes of an open tracheal system, shortly before the emergence of the larva, to generate an air-filled tubule system.
+ tracheal liquid clearance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subapical complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The most apical region of the lateral plasma membrane of an invertebrate epithelial cell. The subapical complex lies above the zonula adherens and the septate junction, and is comparable to the position of the tight junction of vertebrate cells.
+ SAC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanization defense response
+
+
+ The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin.
+ biological_process
+ melanization defence response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of melanization defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of melanization defence response
+ Any process that affects the rate, extent or location of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of melanization defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of melanization defence response
+ stimulation of melanization defense response
+ upregulation of melanization defense response
+ up regulation of melanization defense response
+ activation of melanization defense response
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of melanization defense response
+ Any process that increases the rate or extent of the melanization defense response during injury or invasion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of melanization defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of melanization defence response
+ down regulation of melanization defense response
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of melanization defense response
+ Any process that reduces the rate or extent of the melanization defense response. This regulation is critical to limit melanization to the site of injury or infection.
+ downregulation of melanization defense response
+ down-regulation of melanization defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ encapsulation of foreign target
+
+ Events resulting in the formation of a multilayered cellular sheath surrounding an invader and thus preventing its development. This defense mechanism is often seen in insects in response to nematodes or parasitoids, which are too large to be phagocytosed by individual hemocytes. In some organisms the capsule is blackened due to melanization.
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was moved.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanotic encapsulation of foreign target
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of a multilayered, melanized sheath of cells around a foreign invader.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene chromosome, telomeric region
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The terminal region of a polytene chromosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elongation of arista core
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The increase in length of the aristal core. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elongation of arista lateral
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The increase in length of the aristal laterals. The arista is the terminal segment of the antenna and consists of a central core and a series of lateral extensions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regionalization process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the cuticle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult chitin-based cuticle pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult cuticle pattern formation (sensu Insecta)
+ The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the chitin-based adult cuticle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic stem cell maintenance
+
+ The process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of Rac protein signal transduction
+ down regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
+ down-regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
+ inhibition of Rac protein signal transduction
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rac protein signal transduction.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of Rac protein signal transduction
+ upregulation of Rac protein signal transduction
+ activation of Rac protein signal transduction
+ up regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
+ up-regulation of Rac protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of Rho protein signal transduction
+ inhibition of Rho protein signal transduction
+ down regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
+ down-regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
+ stimulation of Rho protein signal transduction
+ activation of Rho protein signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
+ upregulation of Rho protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leading edge cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of leading edge cells, cells at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leading edge cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into leading edge cells. Leading edge cells are found at the front of a migrating epithelial sheet.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leading edge cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a leading edge cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal closure, leading edge cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The commitment of cells to leading edge cell fate during dorsal closure. Leading edge cells are the dorsal-most cells of the migrating epidermis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex, class III
+
+ cellular_component
+ class III PI3K complex
+ A complex containing a heterodimer of a catalytic Class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit bound to a regulatory (adaptor) subunit. Class III PI3Ks have a substrate specificity restricted to phosphatidylinositol (PI).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm-egg recognition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The initial contact step made between the sperm plasma membrane and outer layer of the egg during fertilization.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm entry
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Penetration of the egg shell through the micropyle (a specialized anterior opening in the vitelline envelope) and entry of the entire sperm, including the surrounding plasma membrane and the sperm tail, into the egg cytoplasm. This step in fertilization is seen in Drosophila, where a plasma membrane fusion event between the sperm and the egg does not occur.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female pronucleus formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of the haploid nucleus of the unfertilized egg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male pronucleus formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The conversion at fertilization of the inactive sperm nucleus into a male pronucleus with its chromosomes processed for the first zygotic division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm nuclear envelope removal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Removal of the sperm nuclear envelope, allowing entry of maternal factors into the sperm nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm chromatin decondensation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Unwinding of the condensed nuclear chromatin of an inactive sperm nucleus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fertilization, exchange of chromosomal proteins
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm-specific histone exchange
+ Replacement of sperm-specific chromosomal proteins with somatic histones, to allow the paternal genome to acquire a nucleosomal chromatin organization compatible with nuclear activity.
+ sperm-specific histone replacement
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male pronuclear envelope synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Assembly of a nuclear envelope containing nuclear pores and a lamina around the male pronucleus, the final step in sperm pronuclear formation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm aster formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation and organization of an aster composed of microtubule arrays originating from the sperm basal body and extending virtually to the egg periphery. The sperm aster ensures the appropriate positioning of the male and female pronuclei.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm plasma membrane disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ sperm plasma membrane breakdown
+ The gradual disintegration of the sperm plasma membrane following insemination. This process is seen in Drosophila after entry of the entire sperm, surrounded by its plasma membrane, into the egg.
+ sperm plasma membrane catabolism
+ sperm plasma membrane degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pronuclear migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of the male and female pronuclei towards each other prior to their fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centrosomal and pronuclear rotation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The rotation of centrosomes and associated pronuclei in one-cell embryos such as those of Caenorhabditis elegans, occurring as a transition between pronuclear migration and pronuclear fusion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ splicing factor protein import into nucleus
+
+ The directed movement of a pre-mRNA splicing factor from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+ splicing factor protein-nucleus import
+ splicing factor protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic heart tube development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal vessel aortic cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to an aortic cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into aortic cells.
+ aortic cell fate commitment (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal vessel heart proper cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart proper cell fate commitment (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ The commitment of dorsal vessel cardioblast cells to a heart proper cell fate and their capacity to differentiate into heart cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic heart tube anterior/posterior pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of cell differentiation that results in the anterior/posterior subdivision of the embryonic heart tube. In Drosophila this results in subdivision of the dorsal vessel into to the posterior heart proper and the anterior aorta.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory cilium assembly
+
+ sensory cilium biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ The assembly of a sensory cilium, a primary cilium found on sensory neurons that contains an a 9+0 axonemal arrangement of microtubules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RCAF complex
+
+ replication-coupling assembly factor complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes on to newly synthesized DNA. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ASF1 and histones H3 and H4.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brahma complex
+
+ BRM complex
+ A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains the ATPase product of the Drosophila brahma gene, or an ortholog thereof.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interchromatin granule
+
+ ICG
+ cellular_component
+ A class of nuclear body measuring 20-25 nm in diameter and distributed throughout the interchromatin space, linked together by thin fibrils. They are believed to be storage centers for various snRNAs, snRNPs, serine/arginine-rich proteins and RNA polymerase II. A typical mammalian cell contains 25-50 clusters of interchromatin granules. Interchromatin granule clusters do not contain the heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ omega speckle
+
+ A nucleoplasmic speckle distributed in the interchromatin space of cells in close proximity to chromatin. Omega speckles are distinct from interchromatin granules and contain heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear speck organization
+
+ nuclear speckle organization and biogenesis
+ nuclear speck organization and biogenesis
+ nuclear speckle assembly
+ See also the cellular component term 'nuclear speck ; GO:0016607'.
+ nuclear speck organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of nuclear specks, a class of nuclear body in which splicing factors are localized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histone acetylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histone acetylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of histone acetylation
+ up-regulation of histone acetylation
+ up regulation of histone acetylation
+ activation of histone acetylation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.
+ stimulation of histone acetylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histone acetylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of histone acetylation
+ inhibition of histone acetylation
+ down-regulation of histone acetylation
+ downregulation of histone acetylation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ micro-ribonucleoprotein complex
+
+ A complex containing both protein and micro-RNA (miRNA) molecules. miRNAs are approximately 22 nucleotide noncoding RNAs derived from endogenous genes; they are processed from the stem of a longer hairpin like structure termed a pre-miRNA.
+ cellular_component
+ miRNP complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval midgut histolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The stage-specific break down of the larval midgut during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salivary gland histolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The stage-specific break down of the larval salivary glands during Drosophila metamorphosis, to allow replacement of larval structures by tissues and structures that form the adult fly.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salivary gland cell autophagic cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salivary gland cell death
+ The stage-specific programmed cell death of salivary gland cells during salivary gland histolysis.
+ autophagic cell death of salivary gland cells
+ programmed cell death of salivary gland cells by autophagy
+ biological_process
+ salivary gland cell programmed cell death by autophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell autophagic cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process induced by ecdysone that directly activates salivary gland programmed cell death during salivary gland histolysis.
+ ecdysone-mediated induction of autophagic cell death of salivary gland cells
+ ecdysone-mediated induction of programmed cell death of salivary gland cells by autophagy
+ ecdysone-mediated induction of salivary gland cell programmed cell death by autophagy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pupariation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ puparium biosynthesis
+ puparium formation
+ biological_process
+ The onset of prepupal development when the larval stops crawling, everts its spiracles and the larval cuticle becomes the puparium or pupal case that surrounds the organism for the duration of metamorphosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pupation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The act of becoming a pupa, a resting stage in the life cycle of organisms with complete metamorphosis. This event marks the end of the prepupal period and the beginning of the pupal period.
+ Wikipedia:Pupa
+ biological_process
+ prepupal-pupal transition
+ head eversion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to ecdysone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ecdysone stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated by ecdysone binding to the ecdysone receptor complex.
+ ecdysone receptor-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysone-mediated polytene chromosome puffing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of hormone-responsive genes on polytene chromosomes in response to increased production of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) in Drosophila larvae approaching pupation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of programmed cell death by ecdysone
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process induced by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polytene chromosome puffing
+
+ biological_process
+ The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of target genes on polytene chromosomes following response to a stimulus, to facilitate sudden bursts of transcriptional activity in response to transient environmental signals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heat shock-mediated polytene chromosome puffing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The decondensing (loosening) and swelling of the chromosomal sites of heat shock genes on polytene chromosomes in response to a heat shock stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of programmed cell death by hormones
+
+ Any process induced by hormones that directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axoneme assembly
+
+
+ The assembly and organization of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
+ biological_process
+ axoneme biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cilium axoneme assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cilium axoneme biogenesis
+ The assembly of a the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellar axoneme assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagella axoneme biogenesis
+ flagellum axoneme biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ flagella axoneme assembly
+ The assembly of the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of flagellar in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
+ flagellar axoneme biogenesis
+ flagellum axoneme assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cilium axoneme
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellar axoneme
+
+
+ flagellum axoneme
+ The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of flagellar in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA interference, siRNA loading onto RISC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The transfer of small interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs) from the Dicer family of enzymes that cleave the double-stranded RNA, onto the nuclease-containing RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of apical/basal cell polarity
+
+
+ The specification and formation of the polarity of a cell along its apical/basal axis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Retaining the established polarization of a cell along its apical/basal axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm chromatin condensation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The progressive compaction of the spermatid chromatin so that it reaches a level of condensation that is not compatible with nuclear activities such as transcription or DNA replication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatogenesis, exchange of chromosomal proteins
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic histone replacement
+ biological_process
+ The replacement of somatic histones within sperm chromatin with sperm-specific histones or protamines with unique DNA-binding properties, resulting in condensation of the sperm chromatin.
+ somatic histone exchange
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to nicotine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral response to nicotine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
+ behavioural response to nicotine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval midgut cell programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ programmed cell death of larval midgut cells
+ The stage-specific programmed cell death of cells of the larval midgut, during histolysis of the larval organ.
+ biological_process
+ larval midgut cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone methyltransferase complex
+
+
+ A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins.
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ESC/E(Z) complex
+
+
+ Extra Sex Combs/Enhancer of Zeste complex
+ cellular_component
+ A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemocyte migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arthropod blood cell migration
+ hemocyte cell migration (sensu Arthropoda)
+ The directed movement of hemocytes within the embryo. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen. In Drosophila, embryonic hemocytes originate from the head mesoderm as a cluster of cells. The cluster splits into two and one group of cells crosses the amnioserosa. Both populations then spread toward the middle of the embryo and then disperse evenly throughout the embryo.
+ biological_process
+ hemocyte migration (sensu Arthropoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FACT complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Facilitates chromatin transcription complex
+ An abundant nuclear complex, which was originally identified in mammalian systems as a factor required for transcription elongation on chromatin templates. The FACT complex has been shown to destablilize the interaction between the H2A/H2B dimer and the H3/H4 tetramer of the nucleosome, thus reorganizing the structure of the nucleosome. In this way, the FACT complex may play a role in DNA replication and other processes that traverse the chromatin, as well as in transcription elongation. FACT is composed of two proteins that are evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes and homologous to mammalian Spt16 and SSRP1. In metazoans, the SSRP1 homolog contains an HMG domain; however in fungi and protists, it does not. For example, in S. cerevisiae the Pob3 protein is homologous to SSRP1, but lacks the HMG chromatin binding domain. Instead, the yFACT complex of Spt16p and Pob3p, binds to nucleosomes where multiple copies of the HMG-domain containing protein Nhp6p have already bound, but Nhp6p does not form a stable complex with the Spt16p/Pob3p heterodimer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PRC1 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ An insect multiprotein complex containing the products of many of the Polycomb Group genes including Polycomb, Posterior sex combs, polyhomeotic and Sex comb on midleg. The Polycomb Group proteins are required for stable long-term maintenance of transcriptionally repressed states and the PRC1 complex directly antagonizes ATP-dependent remodeling of nucleosomal arrays.
+ Polycomb repressive complex 1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The proteolytic release of a transcriptionally active sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) from intracellular membranes, freeing it to move to the nucleus and upregulate transcription of target genes, in response to altered levels of one or more lipids.
+ biological_process
+ SREBP cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription via sterol regulatory element binding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) mediates an increase in rate or extent of transcription of nuclear target genes in response to altered levels of one or more lipids. SREBPs are transcription factors that bind sterol regulatory elements (SREs), DNA motifs in the promoters of target genes.
+ up regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
+ upregulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
+ sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcriptional activation
+ activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
+ stimulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
+ up-regulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein target gene transcription
+ SREBP target gene transcriptional activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol regulatory element binding protein nuclear translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The transfer of a sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane, in response to altered levels of one or more lipids. SREBPs are transcription factors that bind sterol regulatory elements (SREs), DNA motifs found in the promoters of target genes.
+ SREBP nuclear translocation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ operant conditioning
+
+ instrumental conditioning
+ Wikipedia:Operant_conditioning
+ biological_process
+ Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ appendage morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism. For example a limb or a branch.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ limb morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of limb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. For example a leg, arm or some types of fin.
+ limb bud morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived limb morphogenesis
+
+
+ limb morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of limbs that are derived from an imaginal disc are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leg morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of leg are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leg joint morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of leg joint are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner. For example the knee, which separates the leg tibia and femur.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genitalia morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal.
+ genital morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic appendage morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the appendage are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism. For example a limb or a branch.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived appendage morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ appendage morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of appendages are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic forelimb morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic arm morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the arm are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. In humans, the arms are the two upper limbs of the body from the shoulder to the hand.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic pelvic fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic appendage morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of an appendage are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism. For example a limb or a branch.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tail morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the tail are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The tail is the hindmost part of some animals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic medial fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.
+ embryonic unpaired fin morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic caudal fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic anal fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the embryonic anal fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic genitalia morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the genitalia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+ post-embryonic genital morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic limb morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic forelimb morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic pectoral fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic pelvic fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic medial fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Medial fins are unpaired fins of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.
+ biological_process
+ post-embryonic unpaired fin morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic caudal fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish and is the main fin used for propulsion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic dorsal fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of a fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic anal fin morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forelimb morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hindlimb morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pectoral fin morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the pectoral fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Pectoral fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted laterally and located behind the gill covers of fish. These fins are used for lateral mobility and propulsion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pelvic fin morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the pelvic fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Pelvic fins are bilaterally paired fins mounted in a ventral-lateral position on most fish. These fins are used primarily for lateral mobility and propulsion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arm morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the arm are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. In humans, the arms are the two upper limbs of the body from the shoulder to the hand.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medial fin morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ unpaired fin morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the medial fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A medial fin is an unpaired fin of fish, usually located dorsomedially or ventromedially and primarily used for stability while swimming.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal fin morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the dorsal fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A dorsal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the dorsal aspect of fish that provides lateral stability while swimming. Generally fish have one or two dorsal fins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caudal fin morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the caudal fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A caudal fin is an unpaired medial fin mounted at the caudal end of the fish, and is the main fin used for propulsion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anal fin morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the anal fin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An anal fin is an unpaired medial fin on the ventral aspect near the caudal end of a fish, which provides lateral stability while swimming.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exon-exon junction complex
+
+
+ EJC
+ cellular_component
+ A multi-subunit complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tube fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The joining of specific branches of a tubular system to form a continuous network.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branch fusion, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fusing of specific tracheal branches in an open tracheal system to branches from neighboring hemisegments to form a continuous tracheal network. Branch fusion is mediated by individual cells at the tip of each branch, which contact a similar cell and undergo a coordinated series of morphogenetic events that create a bicellular fusion joint.
+ tracheal branch fusion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lumen formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lumen formation in an anatomical structure
+ biological_process
+ Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lumen formation, open tracheal system
+
+
+ biological_process
+ tracheal lumen formation
+ Creation of the central hole of a tube in an open tracheal system through which gases flow.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tube size
+
+ Ensuring that a tube is of the correct length and diameter. Tube size must be maintained not only during tube formation, but also throughout development and in some physiological processes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tube size, open tracheal system
+
+
+ Ensuring that an epithelial tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length and diameter. Tracheal tubes undergo highly regulated tube-size increases during development, expanding up to 40 times their initial size by the end of larval life. Tube size appears to be controlled by regulation of apical membrane expansion and secretion, rather than by changes in cell number, size or shape.
+ regulation of tracheal tube size
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tube architecture, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ensuring that tracheal cells form and maintain tubular structures with the correct size and shape for their position in the network. This is essential for efficient flow of gases through the tracheal network.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of tracheal tube architecture
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell type specification, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Allocation of epithelial cells within each migrating branch in an open tracheal system to distinct tracheal cell fates. During the migration phase each branch forms a well-defined number of cell types (including fusion cells, terminal cells and branch cells) at precise positions.
+ biological_process
+ tracheal cell type specification
+ tracheal epithelial cell type specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system
+
+ terminal cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell in an open tracheal system becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a terminal cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Terminal cells send long and bifurcated hollow branches toward target tissues to allow oxygen exchange.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of terminal cell fate specification, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of terminal cell fate specification
+ downregulation of terminal cell fate specification
+ inhibition of terminal cell fate specification
+ down regulation of terminal cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of terminal cell fate specification
+ Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a terminal cell fate in an open tracheal system. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fusion cell fate specification
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a fusion cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. Fusion cells allow the interconnection of adjacent tracheal metameres during tracheal tube fusion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fusion cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of fusion cell fate specification
+ Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from adopting a fusion cell fate. Once the terminal and fusion fates have been correctly induced, inhibitory feedback loops prevent the remaining branch cells from assuming similar fates.
+ down-regulation of fusion cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of fusion cell fate specification
+ down regulation of fusion cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tube diameter, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tracheal tube expansion
+ regulation of tracheal tube diameter
+ tracheal tube dilation
+ Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct diameter. When primary branches form their lumens are small (less than 2 micrometers) in caliber and must undergo regulated expansion during larval life to reach their mature size.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tube length, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ensuring that a tube in an open tracheal system is of the correct length.
+ regulation of tracheal tube length
+ biological_process
+ tracheal tube elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of epithelial integrity, open tracheal system
+
+
+ maintenance of tracheal epithelial integrity
+ Ensuring that tracheal tubes in an open tracheal system maintain their epithelial structure during the cell shape changes and movements that occur during the branching process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc lineage restriction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between compartments in an imaginal disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic hemopoiesis
+
+
+ embryonic hematopoiesis
+ embryonic haemopoiesis
+ biological_process
+ The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo.
+ embryonic haematopoiesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic hemocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic arthropod blood cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the embryonic head mesoderm acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
+ embryonic hemocyte differentiation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ embryonic hemocyte cell differentiation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic plasmatocyte differentiation
+
+
+ The process whereby an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte.
+ biological_process
+ embryonic plasmatocyte cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic crystal cell differentiation
+
+
+ The process whereby an embryonic mesoderm-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic hemopoiesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The stages of blood cell formation that take place after completion of embryonic development.
+ post-embryonic haemopoiesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval lymph gland hemopoiesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval lymph gland haemopoiesis
+ biological_process
+ The production of blood cells from the larval lymph gland. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.
+ lymph gland haemopoiesis (sensu Arthropoda)
+ larval lymph gland hematopoiesis
+ lymph gland hemopoiesis (sensu Arthropoda)
+ larval lymph gland haematopoiesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval lymph gland hemocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph gland hemocyte differentiation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ lymph gland hemocyte cell differentiation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ biological_process
+ larval lymph gland arthropod blood cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell derived from the larval lymph gland acquires the specialized features of a mature hemocyte. The lymph gland consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph gland plasmatocyte differentiation
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte.
+ lymph gland plasmatocyte cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph gland crystal cell differentiation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized larval lymph gland-derived hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a crystal cell. Crystal cells are a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamellocyte differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a relatively unspecialized hemocyte precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a lamellocyte. Lamellocytes are a hemocyte lineage that exists only in larvae, but are seldom observed in healthy animals. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
+ lamellocyte cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of hemocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cell population. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
+ arthropod blood cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ social behavior
+
+ Behavior that occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group.
+ social behaviour
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Social_behavior
+ cooperative behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval foraging behavior
+
+
+ biological_process
+ larval foraging behaviour
+ The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ turning behavior
+
+ Fine-tuning the spatial position of an organism in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of an organism in the direction of a food source.
+ turning behaviour
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval turning behavior
+
+
+ Fine-tuning the spatial position of a larva in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of a larva in the direction of a food source.
+ biological_process
+ larval turning behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval wandering behavior
+
+ larval wandering behaviour
+ The movement of a third instar larva through a substrate in search of a pupation site. This movement occurs without feeding and is characterized by short bursts of forward movement, separated by stops and repeated side-to-side head probes, followed normally by a change in direction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval burrowing behavior
+
+ biological_process
+ Digging into the substrate by non-feeding larvae in search for food-free sites suitable for pupation.
+ larval burrowing behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germline ring canal outer rim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'outer nurse cell ring canal rim ; FBbt:00004882'.
+ cellular_component
+ An electron opaque backbone of the insect ovarian ring canal that is a part of or adjacent to the plasma membrane. The outer rim is established as the cleavage furrow is arrested, and contains F-actin, anillin, glycoproteins and at least one a protein with a high content of phosphorylated tyrosine residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germline ring canal inner rim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A proteinaceous actin-rich layer of the insect ovarian ring canal that forms subcortically to the outer rim. The electron dense inner rim accumulates after the final mitotic division of each germline syncytia, and contains actin, a phosphotyrosine protein, and a number of cytoskeletal proteins.
+ cellular_component
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'inner nurse cell ring canal rim ; FBbt:00004881'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The first nine mitotic division cycles of the insect embryo, during which the dividing nuclei lie deep in the interior of the egg and divide nearly synchronously. This is the first phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hatching behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell.
+ biological_process
+ hatching behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hatching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The emergence of an organism from a protective structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rb-E2F complex
+
+ A multiprotein complex containing a heterodimeric E2F transcription factor and a Retinoblastoma (Rb) family member. This complex is capable of repressing transcription of E2F-regulated genes in order to regulate cell cycle progression.
+ cellular_component
+ retinoblastoma-E2F complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ syncytial nuclear migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of nuclei within the syncytial embryo of insects. These precise temporal and spatial patterns of nuclear movement are coordinated with mitotic divisons and are required during blastoderm formation to reposition dividing nuclei from the interior of the syncytial embryo to the cortex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear axial expansion
+
+ biological_process
+ The stepwise asymmetric spreading out of nuclei internally along the anterior-posterior axis of the developing insect embryo during mitotic cycles 4 to 6. This movement leads to the distribution of nuclei in a hollow ellipsoid underlying the cortex.
+ nuclear distribution along anterior-posterior axis
+ nucleus distribution along anterior-posterior axis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear cortical migration
+
+ biological_process
+ The symmetric outward movement of the syncytial nuclei from their positions in the ellipsoid toward the periphery of the embryo, during mitotic cycles 8 and 9. This movement results in the placement of nuclei in a uniform monolayer at the cortex of the developing embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval central nervous system remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system metamorphosis
+ Reorganization of the pre-existing, functional larval central nervous system into one that can serve the novel behavioral needs of the adult.
+ central nervous system remodeling (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ CNS metamorphosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posttranscriptional gene silencing by RNA
+
+
+ Any process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation (silencing) mediated by small RNA molecules that may trigger mRNA degradation or negatively regulate translation.
+ biological_process
+ sense-PTGS
+ RNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene silencing by miRNA
+
+ Downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: mRNA cleavage or translational repression.
+ microRNA-mediated gene silencing
+ miRNA-mediated gene silencing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene silencing by miRNA, production of miRNAs
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microRNA metabolic process
+ miRNA processing
+ microRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of microRNAs
+ microRNA biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ microRNA metabolism
+ miRNA biogenesis
+ miRNA-mediated gene silencing, production of miRNAs
+ Cleavage of stem-loop RNA precursors into microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small RNAs that primarily silence genes by blocking the translation of mRNA transcripts into protein.
+ microRNA processing
+ GO:0030918
+ microRNA biosynthesis
+ microRNA biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salt aversion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The specific avoidance actions or reactions of an organism in response to the perception of salt.
+ behavioral response to salt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leg disc anterior/posterior pattern formation
+
+
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the leg imaginal disc.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leg disc anterior/posterior lineage restriction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments of the leg disc that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sac formation, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ tracheal sac formation (sensu Insecta)
+ tracheal placode invagination
+ Formation of the tracheal sacs, the first tube-like structures to form in the open tracheal system. Once cells are determined to their tracheal cell fate, the tracheal sacs arise by invagination of each ectodermal cluster of tracheal placode cells, between 5 and 7 hours after egg laying.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
+ inhibition of lamellocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
+ down-regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of lamellocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellocyte differentiation. Lamellocytes differentiate massively in the lymph glands after parasitization and are large flat cells devoted to encapsulation of invaders too large to be phagocytosed by plasmatocytes.
+ activation of lamellocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of lamellocyte differentiation
+ up-regulation of lamellocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of lamellocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hemocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of arthropod blood cell proliferation
+ regulation of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hemocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ down regulation of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ negative regulation of arthropod blood cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
+ negative regulation of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ inhibition of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hemocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ activation of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ positive regulation of arthropod blood cell proliferation
+ upregulation of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ positive regulation of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ stimulation of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ up regulation of hemocyte proliferation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hemocyte proliferation. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pupal development
+
+ biological_process
+ pupal development (sensu Insecta)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pupa is a dormant life stage interposed between the larval and the adult stages in insects which undergo a complete metamorphosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prepupal development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the prepupa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The prepupal stage is a life stage interposed between the larval and the pupal stages in insects which undergo a complete metamorphosis. The start of the pre-pupal stage is marked by pupariation, and the end is marked by pupation.
+ prepupal development (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'prepupa ; FBbt:00002952'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermathecum morphogenesis
+
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'spermathecum ; FBbt:00004921'.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a spermathecum, a sperm storage organ, are generated and organized. Paired spermathecae lie at the anterior end of the insect uterus on the dorsal side. Each spermatheca consists of an oval shaped capsule, connected to the uterus by a spermathecal stalk.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell competition in a multicellular organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Competitive interactions within multicellular organisms between cell populations that differ in growth rates, leading to the elimination of the slowest-growing cells. As in, but not restricted to, animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
+ biological_process
+ cell competition (sensu Metazoa)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clypeo-labral disc development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeo-labral disc over time, from its formation to the metamorphosis to form adult structures. The clypeo-labral disc develops into the labrum, anterior cibarial plate, fish trap bristles, epistomal sclerite.
+ biological_process
+ development of structures derived from the clypeo-labral disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye-antennal disc development
+
+ biological_process
+ Progression of the eye-antennal imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the eye, antenna, head capsule and maxillary palps.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genital disc development
+
+ Progression of the genital imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult terminalia, comprising the entire set of internal and external genitalia and analia. Both sexes of Drosophila have a single genital disc formed from the female and male genital primordia, and the anal primordium. The anal primordium develops in both sexes, forming either male or female analia. However, only one of the genital primordia develops in each sex, forming either the male or the female genitalia.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ haltere disc development
+
+ biological_process
+ Progression of the haltere imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult capitellum, pedicel, haltere sclerite, metathoracic spiracle and metanotum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ labial disc development
+
+ Progression of the labial imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including parts of the proboscis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leg disc development
+
+ Progression of the leg imaginal disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the leg, coxa and ventral thoracic pleura.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prothoracic disc development
+
+ biological_process
+ Progression of the prothoracic disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form the adult humerous and anterior spiracle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wing disc development
+
+ Progression of the wing disc over time, from its initial formation through to its metamorphosis to form adult structures including the wing hinge, wing blade and pleura.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genital disc pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in the genital imaginal disc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wing disc pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process giving rise to the pattern of cell differentiation in the wing imaginal disc.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leg disc pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the leg imaginal disc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genital disc anterior/posterior pattern formation
+
+
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the genital disc. An anterior and posterior compartment form in each of the three genital disc primoridia (the female genital disc primordium, the male genital disc primordium and the anal primordium).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of genital disc primordium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Allocation of embryonic cells to the genital imaginal disc founder populations. Early in development at the blastoderm stage, the anlage of the genital disc of both sexes consists of three primordia: the female genital primoridum lcoated anteriorly, the anal primoridum located posteriorly, and the male gential primordium between the two.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+
+
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase.
+ inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+ down regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+ downregulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+
+
+ up-regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+ upregulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase, typically by lowering its sensitivity to inhibition by glutathione and by increasing its affinity for glutamate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+ up regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoneme
+
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Membrane_nanotube
+ cellular_component
+ A long, thin, polarized cell projection that contains actin and can extend for distances many times the diameter of the cell. Cytonemes represent extensions of cell cytoplasm and typically have a diameter of approximately 0.2um.
+ membrane nanotube
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoneme assembly
+
+ cytoneme biogenesis
+ Formation of a cytoneme, a long, thin and polarized actin-based cytoplasmic extension that projects from a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ cell attraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of germ cells from their site of production to the gonad, through the attraction of cells towards their target.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ cell repulsion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of germ cells from their site of production to the gonad, through the repulsion of cells away from a tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ cell programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ programmed cell death, germ cells
+ Programmed cell death of errant germ line cells that are outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo.
+ biological_process
+ programmed cell death of germ cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
+
+ ionotropic glutamate receptor signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of glutamate binding to a cell surface receptor, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin A biosynthetic process
+
+
+ vitamin A synthesis
+ biological_process
+ vitamin A biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin A anabolism
+ vitamin A formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid. Animals can not synthesize vitamin A de novo, but form it through oxidative cleavage of carotenoids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tube morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine C-methylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The addition of a methyl group onto a carbon atom of an arginine residue in a protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine N-methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a methyl group onto a nitrogen atom of an arginine residue in a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-arginine omega-N-methylation
+
+ RESID:AA0069
+ RESID:AA0068
+ The addition of a methyl group onto a terminal nitrogen (omega nitrogen) atom of an arginine residue in a protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0067
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+
+ The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ciliary rootlet
+
+
+ A cytoskeleton-like structure, originating from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium, and extending proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross striae distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ internal genitalia morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the internal genitalia are generated and organized. The internal genitalia are the internal sex organs such as the uterine tube, the uterus and the vagina in female mammals, and the testis, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct and prostate in male mammals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ external genitalia morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the external genitalia are generated and organized. The external genitalia are the outer sex organs, such as the penis or vulva in mammals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gonad morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the gonads are generated and organized. A gonad is an animal organ producing gametes, e.g. the testes or the ovary in mammals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genital disc sexually dimorphic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The sex-specific patterns of primoridia growth and differentiation in the genital imaginal disc. The anal primordium of the genital disc develops in both sexes, but depending on the genetic sex gives rise to either male or female analia. Depending on the genetic sex, only one of the two genital primordia develop. In females the female genital primordium develops and gives rise to the female genitalia whereas the male primordium is repressed. Conversely, in males the male genital primordium develops and gives rise to the male genitalia whereas the female genital primordium is repressed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organism growth
+
+
+ The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.
+ biological_process
+ body growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organ growth
+
+ biological_process
+ The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristem growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The increase in size or mass of a meristem, a region of tissue in a plant that is composed of one or more undifferentiated cells capable of undergoing mitosis and differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex
+
+ TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex
+ TIP60 histone acetylase complex
+ A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A. In yeast, the complex has 13 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid mannosylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a mannose residue to a protein acceptor molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid O-linked mannosylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The transfer of mannose from dolichyl activated mannose to the hydroxyl group of a seryl or threonyl residue of a protein acceptor molecule, to form an O-linked protein-sugar linkage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endocrine system development
+
+ Progression of the endocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The endocrine system is a system of hormones and ductless glands, where the glands release hormones directly into the blood, lymph or other intercellular fluid, and the hormones circulate within the body to affect distant organs. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathryoids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive glands which include the ovaries and testes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ring gland development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Progression of the ring gland over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The ring gland is a neuroendocrine organ found in higher Dipterans, which is composed of the prothoracic gland, the corpus allatum, and the corpora cardiacum. The ring gland is the site of production and release of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones.
+ biological_process
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology terms 'ring gland ; FBbt:00001722, 'prothoracic gland ; FBbt:00001724', 'corpus allatum ; FBbt:00005800' and 'corpus cardiacum ; FBbt:00005799.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exocrine system development
+
+ Progression of the exocrine system over time, from its formation to a mature structure. The exocrine system is a system of hormones and glands, where the glands secrete straight to a target site via ducts or tubes. The human exocrine system includes the salivary glands, sweat glands and many glands of the digestive system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spiracle morphogenesis, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ spiracle morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a spiracle are generated and organized. Spiracles are the openings in the insect open tracheal system; externally they connect to the epidermis and internally they connect to the tracheal trunk.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene silencing by miRNA, negative regulation of translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ miRNA-mediated gene silencing, downregulation of translation
+ miRNA-mediated gene silencing, inhibition of translation
+ The process by which microRNAs (miRNAs) block the translation of target mRNAs into proteins. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA will typically repress translation if the miRNA imperfectly base-pairs with the 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs.
+ miRNA-mediated gene silencing, down-regulation of translation
+ miRNA-mediated gene silencing, negative regulation of translation
+ biological_process
+ miRNA-mediated gene silencing, down regulation of translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene silencing by miRNA, mRNA cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ miRNA-mediated gene silencing, mRNA cleavage
+ The process by which microRNAs (miRNAs) direct the cleavage of target mRNAs. Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a miRNA will typically direct cleavage by base pairing with near-perfect complementarity to the target mRNA. Many plant miRNAs downregulate gene expression through this mechanism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gene silencing by miRNA, miRNA loading onto RISC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The transfer of a microRNA (miRNA) strand from a miRNA:miRNA duplex onto the RNA-initiated silencing complex (RISC).
+ biological_process
+ miRNA-mediated gene silencing, miRNA loading onto RISC
+ miRISC assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-microRNA export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-microRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ Transport of pre-microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Pre-miRNAs are a ~60-70 nucleotide stem loop intermediate in miRNA production, produced by the nuclear cleavage of a primary miRNA (pri-mRNA) transcript. Pre-miRNAs are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where further cleavage occurs to produce a mature miRNA product.
+ biological_process
+ pre-microRNA export out of nucleus
+ pre-microRNA-nucleus export
+ pre-microRNA export from cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ segmentation
+
+ The regionalization process that divides an organism or part of an organism into a series of semi-repetitive parts, or segments, often arranged along a longitudinal axis.
+ Wikipedia:Segmentation_(biology)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central nervous system segmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Division of the central nervous system into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brain segmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Division of the brain into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ appendage segmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Division of an appendage, an organ or part that is attached to the main body of an organism, into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. Most arthropod appendages, such as the legs and antennae, are visibly segmented.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leg segmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Division of a leg into a series of semi-repetitive parts or segments. Most arthropod appendages are visibly segmented; the Drosophila leg for example has nine segments, each separated from the next by a flexible joint.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ head segmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Partitioning the head anlage into a fixed number of segmental units. The number of segments composing the insect head has long been a subject of debate, but it is generally agreed that there are 6 or 7 segments. From anterior to posterior the head segments are the procephalic segments (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) and the gnathal segments (mandibular, maxillary and labial).
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'head segment ; FBbt:00000006' and its children.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior head segmentation
+
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'procephalic segment ; FBbt:00000007' and its children.
+ biological_process
+ Partitioning the head anlage into procephalic (labral, (ocular), antennal and intercalary) segments. The procephalic segments lie anterior to the gnathal (posterior head) segments, and are pattered by different segmentation gene cascades to the abdominal, thoracic and posterior head (gnathal) segments.
+ procephalic segmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior head segmentation
+
+ biological_process
+ Partitioning the posterior region of the head anlage into gnathal (mandibular, maxillary and labial) segments. Unlike the anterior head (procephalic) segments, formation of the posterior head (gnathal) segments occurs by a similar mechanism to trunk segmentation, where a cascade of gap genes, pair-rule genes and segment-polarity genes subdivide the embryo into progressively smaller domains.
+ gnathal segmentation
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'gnathal segment ; FBbt:00000011' and its children.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trunk segmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Partitioning of the blastoderm embryo into trunk segmental units. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of segmental identity, intercalary segment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The specification of the characteristic structures of the intercalary segment of the anterior head, following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'intercalary segment ; FBbt:00000010'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of segmental identity, trunk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The specification of the characteristic structures of trunk segments, following establishment of segment boundaries. In Drosophila, the trunk segments include thoracic segments and abdominal segments A1 to A8. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitin-based larval cuticle pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ larval cuticle pattern formation (sensu Insecta)
+ The process that gives rise to the patterns of cell differentiation in the chitin-based larval cuticle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of wing disc primordium
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Allocation of embryonic cells to the wing disc founder populations, groups of cells that are committed to contribute to the formation of a wing imaginal disc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tube development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure. Epithelial and endothelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues including lung and trachea, kidney, the mammary gland, the vascular system and the gastrointestinal and urinary-genital tracts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tube diameter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ensuring that a tube is the correct width.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Malpighian tubule diameter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ensuring that the Malpighian tubule is the correct width. Malpighian tubules have a uniform circumference along their length; the circumference of the tubes is eight cells during the time the cells are dividing, after which the cells rearrange producting tubes with a cirumference of two cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Malpighian tubule size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Ensuring that a Malpighian tubule is the correct length and diameter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Hedgehog signaling complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Hedgehog signalling complex
+ HSC
+ A multiprotein complex that binds microtubules in a Hedgehog-dependent manner, and is required for signal transduction by members of the Hedgehog family of proteins. The core components of the complex are the serine/threonine protein kinase Fused, the kinesin motor protein Costal2 (Cos2), and a zinc finger transcription factor (Gli family members in humans, and Cubitus interruptus (Ci) in Drosophila).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of dephosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of dephosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of dephosphorylation
+ inhibition of dephosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process the stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
+ down-regulation of dephosphorylation
+ downregulation of dephosphorylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of dephosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of dephosphorylation
+ activation of dephosphorylation
+ up-regulation of dephosphorylation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a molecule.
+ up regulation of dephosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of dephosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+ activation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+ upregulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+ up regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+ inhibition of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+ downregulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of protein amino acid dephosphorylation
+ Any process the stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wing and notum subfield formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regionalization process that subdivides the wing imaginal disc into the wing and notum (body wall) subfields, thus determining whether cells ultimately differentiate wing or notum-specific structures.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ notum cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a notum cell, if left in its normal environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wing cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell in the larval wing imaginal disc becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a wing cell, if left in its normal environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The migration of epithelial cells along or through a wound gap to reestablish a continuous epithelium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scab formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Formation of hardened covering (a scab) at a wound site. The scab has multiple functions including limiting blood loss, providing structural stability to the wound and guarding against infection.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-sensory hair organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'trichome ; FBbt:00004979'.
+ trichome organisation and biogenesis (sensu Insecta)
+ hair organization and biogenesis (sensu Insecta)
+ non-sensory hair organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of non-sensory hairs. These hairs are polarized cellular extensions that cover much of the insect epidermis.
+ trichome organization and biogenesis (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wing hair organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an imaginal disc-derived wing hair. A wing hair is an actin-rich, polarized, non-sensory apical projection that protrudes from each of the approximately 30,000 wing epithelial cells.
+ biological_process
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'wing hair ; FBbt:00004340'.
+ wing hair organisation and biogenesis
+ imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization and biogenesis
+ wing trichome organization and biogenesis (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived wing hair outgrowth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ wing prehair outgrowth
+ wing hair outgrowth
+ Extrusion of a cellular projection from the apical membrane of an epithelial cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Outgrowth initiates approximately 35 hours after puparium formation from the distal side of the cell, and at this stage the cellular extension is termed a prehair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived wing hair elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Growth of a prehair in the approximately 10 hour period following its emergence from an epidermal cell in an imaginal disc-derived wing. Prehair elongation is guided and/or driven by the polymerization of actin filaments and the orderly crosslinking of filaments into bundles.
+ wing hair elongation
+ wing prehair extension
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived wing hair site selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Determination of the site in the cell of an imaginal disc-derived wing at which a prehair initiates outgrowth. Restriction of prehair initiation to the distalmost part of a cell is essential to ensure that each wing epithelial cell produces one adult hair that points distally.
+ prehair localization
+ biological_process
+ wing hair site selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of imaginal disc-derived wing hair orientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of wing hair orientation
+ biological_process
+ Ensuring that hairs in the imaginal disc-derived wing continue to point distally during development, following the initial establishment of wing hair polarity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of mitotic spindle localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0030610
+ mitotic spindle positioning or orientation (sensu Fungi)
+ biological_process
+ mitotic spindle positioning
+ mitotic spindle positioning and orientation (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.
+ GO:0018986
+ mitotic spindle positioning or orientation
+ mitotic spindle positioning (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ spindle positioning during mitosis
+ GO:0030606
+ GO:0030608
+ mitotic spindle positioning (sensu Fungi)
+ GO:0030605
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development
+
+ cuticle synthesis (sensu Nematoda)
+ cuticle formation (sensu Nematoda)
+ cuticle biosynthetic process (sensu Nematoda)
+ cuticle anabolism (sensu Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+ Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitin-based cuticle development
+
+ cuticle formation (sensu Insecta)
+ Synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet.
+ cuticle biosynthetic process (sensu Insecta)
+ cuticle synthesis (sensu Insecta)
+ cuticle anabolism (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Attaching of a collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle to the epithelium underlying it.
+ cuticular attachment to epithelium (sensu Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitin-based cuticle attachment to epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticular attachment to epithelium (sensu Insecta)
+ Attaching of a chitin-containing cuticle to the epithelium underlying it.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-based cuticle attachment to epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Attaching of a protein-based cuticle to the epithelium underlying it.
+ cuticular attachment to epithelium (sensu Protostomia and Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth
+
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.
+ goslim_generic
+ gosubset_prok
+ See also the biological process term 'cell growth ; GO:0016049'.
+ growth pattern
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of growth rate
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.
+ Note that this term and its definition depart from the usual conventions for GO 'regulation' process terms; regulation of rate is not usually distinguished from regulation of extent or frequency, but it makes sense to do so for growth regulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of growth rate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of growth rate
+ activation of growth rate
+ Note that this term and its definition depart from the usual conventions for GO 'regulation' process terms; regulation of rate is not usually distinguished from regulation of extent or frequency, but it makes sense to do so for growth regulation.
+ up-regulation of growth rate
+ up regulation of growth rate
+ upregulation of growth rate
+ Any process that increases the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ locomotion
+
+ biological_process
+ Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of locomotion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of locomotion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of locomotion
+ downregulation of locomotion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.
+ down regulation of locomotion
+ inhibition of locomotion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of multicellular organism growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size.
+ regulation of body size
+ regulation of body growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of multicellular organism growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of body growth
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of body size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The first few specialized divisions of an activated animal egg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of locomotion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of locomotion
+ stimulation of locomotion
+ activation of locomotion
+ up-regulation of locomotion
+ upregulation of locomotion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of multicellular organism growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.
+ positive regulation of body growth
+ positive regulation of body size
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of embryonic development
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
+ activation of embryonic development
+ upregulation of embryonic development
+ up-regulation of embryonic development
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis, the process by which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hermaphrodite germ-line sex determination
+
+ GO:0042005
+ The determination of sex and sexual phenotype in the germ line of a hermaphrodite.
+ biological_process
+ hermaphrodite germ-line sex determination (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ feminization of hermaphroditic germ-line
+
+ biological_process
+ The determination of female sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite.
+ feminization of hermaphroditic germ-line (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of nucleus localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleus positioning
+ positioning of nucleus
+ biological_process
+ establishment of localization of nucleus
+ establishment of position of nucleus
+ nuclear positioning
+ The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell.
+ establishment of cell nucleus localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dauer larval development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dauer larva over time, through the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage, with specialized traits adapted for dispersal and long-term survival, with elevated stress resistance and without feeding.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vulval development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
+ vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of vulval development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+ positive regulation of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+ activation of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+ up-regulation of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
+ upregulation of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of vulval development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+ inhibition of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+ negative regulation of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
+ down-regulation of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+ downregulation of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vulval development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vulval development (sensu Nematoda)
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development of the vulva. Vulval development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the egg-laying organ of female and hermaphrodite nematodes over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In nematodes, the vulva is formed from ventral epidermal cells during larval stages to give rise to a fully formed vulva in the adult.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_generic
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence.
+ goslim_plant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of molecular function, epigenetic
+
+ Any heritable epigenetic process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
+ regulation of protein activity, epigenetic
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA modification
+
+
+ The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within snRNA, resulting in a change in the properties of the snRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic body morphogenesis
+
+
+ Note that this term was 'body morphogenesis (sensu Nematoda)'.
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic soma are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated
+
+
+ downregulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
+ inhibition of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
+ down-regulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
+ Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that stops, prevents or reduces the rate that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of development, heterochronic
+
+ developmental timing
+ Controlling the timing and/or rate of a developmental event.
+ heterochronic regulation of development
+ temporal regulation of development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hermaphrodite genitalia development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hermaphrodite genitalia over time, from formation to the mature structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of FGFR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway
+ regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway
+ downregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ down-regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ inhibition of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway
+ down regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of FGFR signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polar body extrusion after meiotic divisions
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby two small cells are generated, as byproducts destined to degenerate, as a result of the first and second meiotic divisions of a primary oocyte during its development to a mature ovum. One polar body is formed in the first division of meiosis and the other in the second division; at each division, the cytoplasm divides unequally, so that the polar body is of much smaller size than the developing oocyte. At the second division in which a polar body is formed, the polar body and the developing oocyte each contain a haploid set of chromosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inductive cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ Migration of a cell in a multicellular organism that, having changed its location, is required to induce normal properties in one or more cells at its new location. An example of this would be the distal tip cells of Caenorhabditis elegans.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thermosensory behavior
+
+
+ biological_process
+ behavioural response to temperature stimulus
+ Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature.
+ behavioral response to temperature stimulus
+ thermosensory behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translocation of peptides or proteins into host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ transport of peptides or proteins into host
+ The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hermaphrodite somatic sex determination
+
+ biological_process
+ The determination of sex and sexual phenotypes in a hermaphroditic organism's soma.
+ hermaphrodite somatic sex determination (sensu Nematoda)
+ GO:0042002
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ masculinization of hermaphrodite soma
+
+ masculinization of hermaphrodite soma (sensu Nematoda)
+ Promotion of male sex and sexual phenotypes in the hermaphroditic nematode soma.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ feminization of hermaphrodite soma
+
+ Promotion of female sex and sexual phenotypes in the hermaphroditic soma.
+ biological_process
+ feminization of hermaphrodite soma (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ masculinization of hermaphroditic germ-line
+
+ masculinization of hermaphroditic germ-line (sensu Nematoda)
+ The determination of male sex and sexual phenotype in the germ-line of the hermaphrodite.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-12 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ IL-12 receptor complex
+ A protein complex that binds interleukin-12; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA endoreduplication
+
+
+ biological_process
+ DNA endoreplication
+ Note that this term is only to be used in situations were this process occurs normally. Not to be used to describe mutant or diseased states.
+ DNA re-duplication
+ Regulated re-replication of DNA within a single cell cycle, resulting in an increased cell ploidy. For example, occurs in the synthesis of Drosophila salivary gland cell polytene chromosomes.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA endoreduplication initiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The reinitiation of DNA replication within a single cell cycle.
+ gosubset_prok
+ DNA re-replication initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A membrane-bounded organelle as it is found in the host cell in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0033649
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein refolding
+
+ biological_process
+ heat shock protein activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process carried out by a cell that restores the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, using helper proteins such as chaperones.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemokine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemokine formation
+ chemokine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ chemokine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines, any of a subgroup of cytokines which act primarily on hemopoietic cells in acute and inflammatory processes and other immunoregulatory functions.
+ chemokine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-lysine esterification
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptidyl-L-lysine methyl ester.
+ RESID:AA0318
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokine anabolism
+ regulation of cytokine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
+ regulation of cytokine formation
+ regulation of cytokine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokine formation
+ negative regulation of cytokine anabolism
+ down-regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of cytokine biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of cytokine synthesis
+ down regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
+ inhibition of cytokine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form pros-methylhistidine
+
+ RESID:AA0073
+ biological_process
+ The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-3'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-methylhistidine, pros-methylhistidine).
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0042260
+ peptidyl-histidine pros-methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-histidine methylation, to form tele-methylhistidine
+
+ The methylation of peptidyl-L-histidine to form peptidyl-L-1'-methyl-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-methylhistidine, tele-methylhistidine).
+ RESID:AA0317
+ peptidyl-histidine tele-methylation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0042261
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ vanadium incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
+ The incorporation of vanadium a metallo-sulfur cluster such as VFe(7-8)S(n).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metal incorporation into metallo-molybdopterin complex
+
+ The incorporation of a metal into a metallo-molybdopterin complex.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tungsten incorporation into tungsten-molybdopterin complex
+
+ The incorporation of tungsten into a tungsten-molybdopterin complex.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fluid transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ The directed movement of substances that are in liquid form in normal living conditions into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial fluid transport
+
+ The directed movement of fluid across epithelia.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ W-molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Moco metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
+ Moco metabolic process
+ W-molybdopterin cofactor metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ W-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ Moco biosynthetic process
+ Moco biosynthesis
+ W-molybdopterin cofactor anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the W-molybdopterin cofactor, essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear tungsten ion (W) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
+ W-molybdopterin cofactor formation
+ W-molybdopterin cofactor biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ W-molybdopterin cofactor synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory behavior
+
+ behavioural response to scent
+ behavioural response to odour
+ biological_process
+ behavioural response to smell
+ behavioral response to scent
+ behavioral response to smell
+ The actions or reactions of an organism in response to an odor.
+ olfactory behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular acyl-CoA homeostasis
+
+
+ cell acyl-CoA homeostasis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of acyl-CoA within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye photoreceptor development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a light-responsive receptor in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ adult eye photoreceptor development (sensu Drosophila)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhabdomere development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The assembly and arrangement of a rhabdomere within a cell. The rhabdomere is the organelle on the apical surface of a photoreceptor cell that contains the visual pigments.
+ rhabdomere organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of dopamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.
+ regulation of dopamine metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of EGFR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway
+ inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of EGFR signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ down regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway
+ down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wound healing
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
+ Wikipedia:Wound_healing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that results in an increase in the efficacy of transmission at a neuromuscular synapse.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gliogenesis
+
+ glial cell generation
+ The process by which glial cells are generated. This includes the production of glial progenitors and their differentiation into mature glia.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Growth of glial cells, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perineurial glial growth
+
+ biological_process
+ Glial cell growth that occurs in the perineurium, a cell layer that ensheaths projections of peripheral nerves, such as motor axons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of ommatidial polarity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of ommatidial polarity (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The specification of polarized ommatidia. Ommatidia occur in two chiral forms. The trapezoidal arrangement of photoreceptors in the dorsal part of the eye is the mirror image of that in the ventral part.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pteridine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of pteridine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamines.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of catecholamine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte axis determination, maintenance of oocyte nucleus position (sensu Insecta)
+ maintenance of oocyte nucleus position during oocyte axis determination
+ GO:0048127
+ Maintenance of the oocyte nucleus in a particular position within the cell during the establishment and maintenance of the axes of the oocyte.
+ maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal-ventral axis specification
+ maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination
+ oocyte axis determination, maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization
+ oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus anchoring
+ maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte axis determination, maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus anchoring (sensu Insecta)
+ maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination
+ maintenance of oocyte nucleus position during oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ maintenance of oocyte nucleus location involved in oocyte dorsoventral axis specification
+ oocyte nucleus anchoring during oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte axis determination, maintenance of oocyte nucleus position
+ biological_process
+ oocyte nucleus anchoring during oocyte axis determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intraflagellar transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Intraflagellar_transport
+ The bidirectional movement of large protein complexes along microtubules within a cilium or flagellum, mediated by motor proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell migration involved in gastrulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The migration of individual cells within the blastocyst to help establish the multi-layered body plan of the organism (gastrulation). For example, the migration of cells from the surface to the interior of the embryo (ingression).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nickel incorporation into nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ nickel incorporation into nickel-iron-sulphur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulphide
+ RESID:AA0310
+ The incorporation of nickel into a nickel-iron-sulfur cluster via pentakis-L-cysteinyl L-histidino nickel tetrairon pentasulfide, found in carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid phosphate-linked glycosylation
+
+ phosphoglycosylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The glycosylation of peptidyl-amino acids through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid phosphate-linked glycosylation via serine
+
+ The glycosylation of peptidyl-serine through a phosphoester bond forming, for example, GlcNAc-alpha-1-P-Ser residues.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ-line stem cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048131
+ germ-line stem cell renewal
+ The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the gametes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GSI anchor metabolic process
+
+ GPI/GSI anchor metabolism
+ GSI anchor metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchors, which attach membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
+ gosubset_prok
+ GPI/GSI anchor metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GSI anchor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ GSI anchor biosynthesis
+ GSI anchor anabolism
+ biological_process
+ GPI/GSI anchor biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor that attaches some membrane proteins to the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. The sphingolipid moiety is linked, via the C-6 hydroxyl residue of inositol to a carbohydrate chain which is itself linked to the protein via a ethanolamine phosphate moiety, its amino group forming an amide linkage with the C-terminal carboxyl of the protein. Some GSI anchors have variants on this canonical linkage.
+ GSI anchor synthesis
+ GSI anchor formation
+ GPI/GSI anchor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper 1 type immune response
+
+ Th1 immune response
+ An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0042032
+ cytokine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
+ cytokine formation
+ cytokine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ induction of cytokines
+ cytokine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-12 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-12 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-12 formation
+ IL-12 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-12 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-12 anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ IL-10 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-10 synthesis
+ IL-10 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-10 anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
+ interleukin-10 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-10 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper 2 type immune response
+
+ Th2 immune response
+ An immune response which is associated with resistance to extracellular organisms such as helminths and pathological conditions such as allergy, which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 2 cells, most notably IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, resulting in enhanced production of certain antibody isotypes and other effects.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized thymocyte acquires specialized features of a T-helper cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
+ interleukin-2 synthesis
+ interleukin-2 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-2 formation
+ interleukin-2 biosynthesis
+ IL-2 biosynthesis
+ IL-2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IFN-gamma biosynthesis
+ interferon-gamma anabolism
+ interferon-gamma biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
+ IFN-gamma biosynthetic process
+ interferon type II biosynthesis
+ interferon-gamma synthesis
+ interferon-gamma formation
+ interferon type II biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-4 anabolism
+ interleukin-4 synthesis
+ interleukin-4 biosynthesis
+ GO:0042224
+ biological_process
+ IL-4 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-4 formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
+ IL-4 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell proliferation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ T lymphocyte proliferation
+ T-cell proliferation
+ GO:0042111
+ T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ The expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell proliferation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ B lymphocyte proliferation
+ B-lymphocyte proliferation
+ The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation.
+ B-cell proliferation
+ GO:0042114
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell receptor complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains a disulfide-linked heterodimer of T cell receptor (TCR) chains, which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and mediates antigen recognition, ultimately resulting in T cell activation. The TCR heterodimer is associated with the CD3 complex, which consists of the nonpolymorphic polypeptides gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and, in some cases, eta (an RNA splice variant of zeta) or Fc epsilon chains.
+ T-lymphocyte receptor complex
+ T-cell receptor complex
+ TCR
+ T lymphocyte receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:T_cell_receptor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of T cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
+ activation of T cell proliferation
+ up regulation of T cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation
+ stimulation of T cell proliferation
+ upregulation of T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of resting T cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
+ positive regulation of T-cell homeostatic proliferation
+ upregulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
+ up-regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+ activation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+ stimulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+ up regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of activated T-cell proliferation
+ up-regulation of activated T cell proliferation
+ up regulation of activated T cell proliferation
+ stimulation of activated T cell proliferation
+ upregulation of activated T cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of activated T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ activation of activated T cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.
+ positive regulation of activated T lymphocyte proliferation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T cell receptor complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ alpha-beta T-cell receptor complex
+ A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises alpha and beta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes a complex consisting of an antigen-derived peptide bound to a class I or class II MHC protein.
+ alpha-beta T-lymphocyte receptor complex
+ alpha-beta T lymphocyte receptor complex
+ alpha-beta TCR complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T cell receptor complex
+
+ A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises gamma and delta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes antigen directly, without a requirement for processing and presentation by an MHC protein.
+ gamma-delta TCR complex
+ gamma-delta T lymphocyte receptor complex
+ gamma-delta T-cell receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+ gamma-delta T-lymphocyte receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytokines, any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
+ biological_process
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was moved.
+ cytokine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of cytokine formation
+ positive regulation of cytokine synthesis
+ stimulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
+ activation of cytokine biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytokines.
+ positive regulation of cytokine anabolism
+ upregulation of cytokine biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of cytokine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tumor necrosis factor-beta biosynthesis
+ LTA biosynthetic process
+ TNF-B biosynthetic process
+ lymphotoxin A synthesis
+ biological_process
+ TNF-beta biosynthesis
+ TNF-beta biosynthetic process
+ lymphotoxin A anabolism
+ lymphotoxin A formation
+ lymphotoxin-alpha biosynthetic process
+ LTA biosynthesis
+ tumor necrosis factor-beta biosynthetic process
+ TNF-B biosynthesis
+ lymphotoxin-alpha biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
+ lymphotoxin A biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell activation
+
+ T-cell activation
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
+ T-lymphocyte activation
+ biological_process
+ T lymphocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell activation
+
+ B lymphocyte activation
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature B cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
+ B-lymphocyte activation
+ B-cell activation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage activation
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocyte activation
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a monocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial cell activation
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in morphology and behavior of an endothelial cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil activation
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a neutrophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alginic acid metabolic process
+
+
+ alginic acid metabolism
+ alginate metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).
+ alginate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alginic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ alginate biosynthetic process
+ alginic acid biosynthesis
+ alginic acid formation
+ alginic acid anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ alginic acid synthesis
+ alginate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alginic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ alginic acid degradation
+ alginic acid breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ alginic acid catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alginic acid, a hydrophilic polysaccharide occurring in, for example, the cell walls of brown algae (brown seaweeds).
+ alginate catabolism
+ alginate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid galactosylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a galactose molecule to a protein amino acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.
+ biological_process
+ nitrate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrate assimilation
+
+ The uptake, from the environment, of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid and the subsequent reduction of nitrate ion to other, less highly oxidized, inorganic nitrogenous substances.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-381
+ biological_process
+ assimilatory nitrate reduction
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-cell proliferation
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of T cell proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ inhibition of T cell proliferation
+ down regulation of T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte proliferation
+ down-regulation of T cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of T-cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter metabolic process
+
+
+ neurotransmitter metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitters, any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
+ neurotransmitter breakdown
+ neurotransmitter degradation
+ neurotransmitter catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter biosynthetic process
+
+
+ neurotransmitter biosynthetic process and storage
+ neurotransmitter biosynthesis and storage
+ neurotransmitter anabolism
+ neurotransmitter biosynthesis
+ neurotransmitter synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
+ neurotransmitter formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sequestering of neurotransmitter
+
+
+ neurotransmitter biosynthetic process and storage
+ neurotransmitter sequestration
+ neurotransmitter retention
+ storage of neurotransmitter
+ neurotransmitter storage
+ The process of binding or confining a neurotransmitter such that it is separated from other components of a biological system.
+ retention of neurotransmitter
+ neurotransmitter biosynthesis and storage
+ biological_process
+ sequestration of neurotransmitter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early meiotic recombination nodule assembly
+
+ During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during leptotene and zygotene.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ late meiotic recombination nodule assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ During meiosis, the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) to form small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during pachytene. Involved in the catalysis crossing over.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuole fusion, non-autophagic
+
+
+ vacuole fusion (non-autophagic)
+ homotypic vacuole fusion
+ The fusion of two vacuole membranes to form a single vacuole.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0042145
+ homotypic vacuole fusion (non-autophagic)
+ homotypic vacuole fusion, non-autophagic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi
+
+ retrograde (endosome to Golgi) transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of membrane-bounded vesicles from endosomes back to the trans-Golgi network where they are recycled for further rounds of transport.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ strand invasion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-loop formation
+ Rad51-mediated strand invasion
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:76004
+ D-loop biosynthesis
+ The process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to glucose starvation
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmid recombination
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process of DNA recombination occurring within a plasmid or between plasmids and other plasmids or DNA molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nematocyst
+
+
+ cnidocyst
+ Wikipedia:Cnidocyte
+ An organelle found in cnidoblast (nematoblast) cells. When matured, these stinging organelles store toxins and can deliver them when the cnidocil (a short extension of the cnidocyst) is stimulated by a prey or another stimulus.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA-mediated DNA recombination
+
+ biological_process
+ The reverse transcription of an RNA molecule followed by recombination between the resultant cDNA and its homologous chromosomal allele.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoprotein metabolic process
+
+ Reactome:223965
+ Reactome:214485
+ Reactome:221422
+ Reactome:221753
+ Reactome:232454
+ Reactome:244687
+ Reactome:249856
+ Reactome:244928
+ Reactome:174824
+ Reactome:174800
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:238075
+ Reactome:205169
+ Reactome:238371
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:230055
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein moiety consists of a lipid or lipids.
+ Reactome:211989
+ lipoprotein metabolism
+ Reactome:230335
+ Reactome:211650
+ Reactome:176879
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoprotein biosynthetic process
+
+
+ lipoprotein formation
+ Reactome:236386
+ Reactome:209730
+ Reactome:223942
+ lipoprotein anabolism
+ Reactome:214472
+ Reactome:209724
+ Reactome:232439
+ lipoprotein synthesis
+ Reactome:228178
+ Reactome:205158
+ lipoprotein biosynthesis
+ Reactome:240580
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:174587
+ Reactome:174741
+ Reactome:174786
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein moiety consists of a lipid or lipids.
+ Reactome:205143
+ Reactome:174660
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoprotein catabolic process
+
+ Reactome:174739
+ lipoprotein breakdown
+ lipoprotein catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:206333
+ Reactome:211149
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein moiety consists of a lipid or lipids.
+ Reactome:206339
+ Reactome:233508
+ Reactome:215887
+ lipoprotein degradation
+ Reactome:174757
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:174690
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoprotein modification
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the covalent alteration of one or more amino acid or lipid residues occurring in a lipoprotein, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein moiety consists of a lipid or lipids.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoprotein oxidation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of one or more amino acids or the lipid moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme catabolic process
+
+
+
+ heme catabolism
+ heme breakdown
+ heme degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
+ gosubset_prok
+ haem catabolic process
+ haem catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ haem metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
+ haem metabolic process
+ heme metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a plastid and form the plastid envelope.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore formation.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of sporulation
+ downregulation of sporulation
+ down regulation of sporulation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.
+ down-regulation of sporulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear envelope-endoplasmic reticulum network
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The continuous network of membranes encompassing the outer nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ cellular_component
+ nuclear envelope-ER network
+ NE-ER continuum
+ NE-ER network
+ nuclear envelope-endoplasmic reticulum continuum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
+ regulation of protein breakdown
+ biological_process
+ regulation of protein catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of protein catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of protein catabolism
+ down regulation of protein catabolic process
+ downregulation of protein catabolic process
+ negative regulation of protein breakdown
+ inhibition of protein catabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of protein degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xenobiotic catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ xenobiotic breakdown
+ xenobiotic catabolism
+ biological_process
+ xenobiotic degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a xenobiotic compound, a compound foreign to living organisms. Used of chemical compounds, e.g. a xenobiotic chemical, such as a pesticide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ nicotine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ nicotine anabolism
+ nicotine formation
+ nicotine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nicotine, (S)(-)-3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular ketone metabolic process
+
+ ketone metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms, as carried out by individual cells. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ketone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ketone biosynthesis
+ ketone anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
+ ketone synthesis
+ ketone formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ketone catabolic process
+
+
+ ketone catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketones, a class of organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group, CO, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded only to carbon atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RCOR, where R and R are alkyl or aryl groups.
+ ketone breakdown
+ ketone degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ formic acid catabolism
+ formic acid catabolic process
+ formate degradation
+ formate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formate, also known as methanoate, the anion HCOO- derived from methanoic (formic) acid.
+ formate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylene catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ xylene breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ xylene degradation
+ xylene catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylene, a mixture of three colorless, aromatic hydrocarbon liquids, ortho-, meta- and para-xylene.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ m-xylene catabolic process
+
+
+ m-xylene catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ m-xylene breakdown
+ meta-xylene catabolism
+ m-xylene degradation
+ meta-xylene catabolic process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-142
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of m-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ o-xylene catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ortho-xylene catabolic process
+ o-xylene degradation
+ ortho-xylene catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of o-xylene, (1,2-dimethylbenzene) a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
+ biological_process
+ o-xylene breakdown
+ o-xylene catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ p-xylene catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene), a colorless, liquid aromatic hydrocarbon.
+ biological_process
+ para-xylene catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ p-xylene catabolism
+ p-xylene breakdown
+ p-xylene degradation
+ para-xylene catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane catabolic process
+
+
+
+ 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane degradation
+ DDT catabolism
+ 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane catabolism
+ biological_process
+ DDT catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), a chlorinated broad spectrum contact insecticide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vanillin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ vanillin synthesis
+ vanillin formation
+ vanillic aldehyde biosynthesis
+ vanillic aldehyde biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.
+ gosubset_prok
+ vanillin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ vanillin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vanillin catabolic process
+
+
+ vanillic aldehyde catabolism
+ vanillin degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vanillin, an aromatic hydrocarbon which occurs naturally in black vanilla bean pods.
+ vanillin breakdown
+ vanillic aldehyde catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ vanillin catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylmercury metabolic process
+
+ methylmercury metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal which can accumulate in tissues, particularly in fish species.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylmercury biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal.
+ methylmercury formation
+ methylmercury synthesis
+ methylmercury anabolism
+ methylmercury biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylmercury catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylmercury (MeHg+), a highly toxic organometal.
+ biological_process
+ methylmercury degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ methylmercury breakdown
+ methylmercury catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quinate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ quinate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ quinate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of quinate, the anion of quinic acid.
+ quinate synthesis
+ quinic acid biosynthetic process
+ quinate anabolism
+ quinic acid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic gallate catabolic process
+
+ aerobic gallic acid catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gallate, the anion of gallic acid, in the presence of oxygen.
+ aerobic gallate degradation
+ aerobic gallate catabolism
+ aerobic gallate breakdown
+ aerobic gallic acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorinated hydrocarbon metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorinated hydrocarbons, any hydrocarbon with one or more chlorine atoms attached to it.
+ chlorinated hydrocarbon metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ halogenated hydrocarbon metabolic process
+
+ halogenated hydrocarbon metabolism
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:76475
+ Reactome:207154
+ Reactome:216727
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving halogenated hydrocarbons, any hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached to it. Halogens include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nylon metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ nylon metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nylon, a polymer where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups; these compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids and amino acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanuric acid metabolic process
+
+ cyanuric acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanuric acid, a suspected gastrointestinal or liver toxicant, and a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides, such as atrazine and simazine. It is widely used for the stabilization of available chlorine in swimming pool water and is also the starting compound for the synthesis of many organic derivatives.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanuric acid catabolic process
+
+
+ cyanuric acid degradation
+ cyanuric acid catabolism
+ cyanuric acid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:cya
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanuric acid, a potential degradation product of triazine herbicides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-cyclopropylmelamine metabolic process
+
+ cyromazine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ cyromazine metabolic process
+ N-cyclopropylmelamine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insect growth regulator insecticide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-cyclopropylmelamine catabolic process
+
+
+ N-cyclopropylmelamine catabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:cpm
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of N-cyclopropylmelamine, a triazine compound commonly used as an insecticide.
+ biological_process
+ N-cyclopropylmelamine breakdown
+ N-cyclopropylmelamine degradation
+ cyromazine catabolic process
+ cyromazine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toluene catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ toluene catabolism
+ toluene degradation
+ biological_process
+ toluene breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ s-triazine compound catabolic process
+
+
+ s-triazine compound catabolism
+ s-triazine compound breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any s-triazine compound. These compounds include many pesticides of widespread use in agriculture, and are characterized by a symmetrical hexameric ring consisting of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms.
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:tria
+ s-triazine compound degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorinated hydrocarbon catabolic process
+
+
+ chlorinated hydrocarbon catabolism
+ biological_process
+ chlorinated hydrocarbon degradation
+ chlorinated hydrocarbon breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chlorinated hydrocarbons, any hydrocarbon with one or more chlorine atoms attached to it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ halogenated hydrocarbon catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of halogenated hydrocarbons, any hydrocarbon with one or more halogen atoms attached to it.
+ halogenated hydrocarbon degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ halogenated hydrocarbon catabolism
+ halogenated hydrocarbon breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ styrene catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ styrene catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of styrene, an aromatic hydrocarbon liquid used in the manufacture of polystyrene.
+ biological_process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:sty
+ gosubset_prok
+ styrene breakdown
+ styrene degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propylene catabolic process
+
+
+
+ propylene degradation
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:pro
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propylene, an alkene produced by catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons or as a by-product of petroleum refining.
+ propylene catabolism
+ propylene breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ orcinol catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.
+ orcin catabolic process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:orc
+ orcinol catabolism
+ orcinol breakdown
+ orcin catabolism
+ orcinol degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane catabolic process to dimethylsilanediol
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane breakdown to dimethylsilanediol
+ gosubset_prok
+ octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane degradation to dimethylsilanediol
+ catabolic process of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane to DMSD
+ catabolism of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane to DMSD
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:osi
+ The anaerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane into dimethylsilanediol. The former is a tetramer of the latter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dimethylsilanediol catabolic process
+
+
+
+ catabolism of DMSD
+ gosubset_prok
+ dimethylsilanediol catabolism
+ biological_process
+ dimethylsilanediol degradation
+ catabolic process of DMSD
+ degradation of dimethylsilanediol
+ The aerobic chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.
+ dimethylsilanediol breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cresol metabolic process
+
+
+ hydroxytoluene metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ cresol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.
+ gosubset_prok
+ hydroxytoluene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ m-cresol catabolic process
+
+
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:mcr
+ meta-cresol catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of m-cresol (3-hydroxytoluene), the meta-isoform of cresol.
+ m-cresol catabolism
+ biological_process
+ 3-hydroxytoluene catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:M-CRESOL-DEGRADATION-PWY
+ m-cresol degradation
+ m-cresol breakdown
+ meta-cresol catabolism
+ 3-hydroxytoluene catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terpene metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ terpene metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons that are made up of isoprene (C5H8) units which may be cyclic, acyclic or multicyclic, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain various functional groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic phenol metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ anaerobic carbolic acid metabolic process
+ anaerobic hydroxybenzene metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.
+ anaerobic phenol metabolism
+ anaerobic carbolic acid metabolism
+ anaerobic hydroxybenzene metabolic process
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:phe
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenanthrene catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ phenanthrene breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ phenanthrene degradation
+ biological_process
+ phenanthrene catabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:phe
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenanthrene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
+ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, a natural product found in plant tissues. It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene (ethene), a fruit-ripening hormone in plants.
+ biological_process
+ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate anabolism
+ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthesis
+ 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid derivative catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
+ amino acid derivative catabolism
+ amino acid derivative degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ amino acid derivative breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cocaine
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to chemical stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_yeast
+ response to chemical substance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-1 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-1 biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1, an interleukin produced mainly by activated macrophages. It is involved in the inflammatory response, and is identified as an endogenous pyrogen.
+ interleukin-1 anabolism
+ IL-1 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-1 formation
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-1 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-3 biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
+ interleukin-3 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-3 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-3 synthesis
+ IL-3 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-3 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-5 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-5 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-5 formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
+ IL-5 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-5 anabolism
+ interleukin-5 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-6 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-6 synthesis
+ interleukin-6 formation
+ interleukin-6 biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
+ IL-6 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-6 anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-7 formation
+ interleukin-7 synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
+ interleukin-7 anabolism
+ IL-7 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-7 biosynthesis
+ IL-7 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-8 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-8 formation
+ interleukin-8 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-8 synthesis
+ IL-8 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-8 anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-9 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-9 anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
+ interleukin-9 synthesis
+ interleukin-9 formation
+ IL-9 biosynthesis
+ IL-9 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-11 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-11 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-11 biosynthesis
+ IL-11 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-11 formation
+ interleukin-11 synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-13 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ IL-13 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-13 formation
+ IL-13 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-13 synthesis
+ interleukin-13 anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-14 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-14 anabolism
+ IL-14 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-14 formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
+ IL-14 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-14 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-15 biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
+ interleukin-15 synthesis
+ interleukin-15 formation
+ interleukin-15 anabolism
+ IL-15 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ IL-15 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-16 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-16 formation
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-16 anabolism
+ interleukin-16 synthesis
+ IL-16 biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
+ interleukin-16 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-17 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-17 anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-17.
+ interleukin-17 formation
+ interleukin-17 synthesis
+ IL-17 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-17 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-19 anabolism
+ interleukin-19 biosynthesis
+ IL-19 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-19 formation
+ interleukin-19 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ IL-19 biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-20 anabolism
+ interleukin-20 formation
+ interleukin-20 synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
+ IL-20 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ IL-20 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-20 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-21 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-21 synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
+ IL-21 biosynthesis
+ IL-21 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-21 formation
+ interleukin-21 anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
+ interleukin-22 anabolism
+ IL-22 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-22 biosynthesis
+ IL-22 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-22 formation
+ interleukin-22 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-23 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
+ interleukin-23 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-23 anabolism
+ interleukin-23 formation
+ IL-23 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-23 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-18 biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
+ interleukin-18 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-18 biosynthesis
+ IL-18 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-18 formation
+ interleukin-18 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asexual spore wall assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ asexual spore wall formation
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an asexual spore wall, the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore derived from a product of mitosis.
+ spore wall assembly (sensu Bacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore wall assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a spore wall; a spore wall is the specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.
+ spore coat biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ spore coat biosynthetic process
+ spore wall formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA repair
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which damaged RNA can be repaired.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tissue regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of polarity of follicular epithelium
+
+
+ The specification and formation of a polarized follicular epithelial sheet.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of polarity of follicular epithelium
+
+ The maintenance of an established polarized follicular epithelial sheet.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of polarity of embryonic epithelium
+
+ The specification and formation of a polarized embryonic epithelial sheet.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of polarity of embryonic epithelium
+
+ biological_process
+ The maintenance of an established polarized embryonic epithelial sheet.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium
+
+ The maintenance of an established polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of polarity of larval imaginal disc epithelium
+
+ The specification and formation of a polarized larval imaginal disc epithelium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthesis
+ GMC-SF biosynthesis
+ GM-CSF biosynthetic process
+ granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, cytokines that act in hemopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of two related white cell populations, granulocytes and monocytes-macrophages.
+ granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor anabolism
+ GM-CSF biosynthesis
+ GMC-SF biosynthetic process
+ granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosome biogenesis
+
+ goslim_pombe
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0007046
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Ribosome_biogenesis
+ ribosome biogenesis and assembly
+ ribosomal chaperone activity
+ biological_process
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_yeast
+ The process of the formation of the constituents of the ribosome subunits, their assembly, and their transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosome assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the mature ribosome and of its subunits.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature ribosome assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the large and small ribosomal subunits into a functional ribosome.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal subunit assembly
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of constituent RNAs and proteins to form ribosomal subunits.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdenum incorporation via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0319
+ The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-serinyl molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-asparagine
+
+ peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine formation from peptidyl-asparagine
+ RESID:AA0320
+ peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine anabolism from peptidyl-asparagine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine synthesis from peptidyl-asparagine
+ The posttranslation modification of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-L-beta-methylthioasparagine, typical of bacterial ribosomal protein S12.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA protection
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which DNA is protected from damage by, for example, oxidative stress.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-hydroxyaspartic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-aspartic acid/asparagine hydroxylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-asparagine hydroxylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-aspartic acid/asparagine hydroxylation
+ The posttranslational hydroxylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-hydroxyasparagine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ natural killer-cell mediated cytolysis
+ natural killer cell mediated cell killing
+ NK cell mediated cytolysis
+ NK cell mediated cell death
+ Note that either or both mechanisms mentioned in the definition may be used in this process. Note that both granule release and the engagement of death receptors on target cells result in induction of apoptosis in the target cell.
+ natural killer cell mediated cell death
+ killer activity
+ NK cell mediated cell killing
+ NK cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors.
+ natural killer cell mediated cytolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell killing
+ regulation of natural killer-cell mediated cytolysis
+ regulation of NK cell mediated cell killing
+ regulation of NK cell mediated cytolysis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
+ regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytolysis
+ regulation of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ regulation of NK cell mediated cell death
+ regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+ protection from natural killer cell mediated cell killing
+ protection from NK cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ protection from NK cell mediated cytolysis
+ protection from natural killer cell mediated cytolysis
+ biological_process
+ protection from natural killer cell mediated cell death
+ protection from NK cell mediated cell death
+ protection from NK cell mediated cell killing
+ The process of protecting a cell from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+ The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
+ susceptibility to NK cell mediated cytolysis
+ Note that this term is intended for cell-surface molecules on a target cell which interact with activating receptors on a natural killer cell to promote natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
+ biological_process
+ susceptibility to NK cell mediated cell killing
+ susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytolysis
+ susceptibility to NK cell mediated cell death
+ susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cell killing
+ susceptibility to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear RNA export factor complex
+
+
+ TAP-p15 complex
+ NXF1-NXT1 complex
+ Mex67-Mtr2 complex
+ A complex of NXF1 and NXF2 required for the export of the majority of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; localized in the nucleoplasm and at both the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic faces of the nuclear pore complex; shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal large subunit biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ribosomal large subunit biogenesis and assembly
+ The formation of the constituents of the large ribosomal subunit, their assembly, and their transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal small subunit biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribosomal small subunit biogenesis and assembly
+ biological_process
+ The formation of the constituents of the small ribosomal subunit, their assembly, and their transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ error-free postreplication DNA repair
+
+
+ The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA without removing the replication-blocking lesions and without increasing the endogenous mutation rate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ error-free translesion synthesis
+ error-free replication restart
+ biological_process
+ error-free PRR
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ error-prone postreplication DNA repair
+
+
+ The conversion of DNA-damage induced single-stranded gaps into large molecular weight DNA after replication, without removing the replication-blocking lesions, and with an increase in the endogenous mutation level. For example, in E. coli, a low fidelity DNA polymerase, pol V, copies lesions that block replication fork progress. This produces mutations specifically targeted to DNA template damage sites, but it can also produce mutations at undamaged sites.
+ error-prone translesion synthesis
+ mutagenic PRR
+ biological_process
+ mutagenic postreplication DNA repair
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside metabolic process
+
+ purine nucleoside metabolism
+ purine metabolism
+ purine metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vocal learning
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Vocal_learning
+ biological_process
+ A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate or create new sounds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molting cycle
+
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ The periodic casting off and regeneration of an outer covering of cuticle, feathers, hair, horns, skin, etc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:252409
+ Reactome:249611
+ Reactome:265166
+ Reactome:221418
+ Reactome:238071
+ Reactome:286474
+ biological_process
+ regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis
+ Reactome:273973
+ Reactome:280452
+ Reactome:163680
+ Reactome:244683
+ Reactome:268292
+ Reactome:255568
+ regulation of fatty acid formation
+ Reactome:230053
+ Reactome:211646
+ Reactome:258941
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of fatty acid anabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils.
+ Reactome:262316
+ regulation of fatty acid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of segmental identity, mandibular segment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'mandibular segment ; FBbt:00000012'.
+ The specification of the characteristic structures of the mandibular segment following establishment of segment boundaries. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein-nucleus import
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
+ regulation of protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ regulation of protein import into cell nucleus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of protein import into nucleus
+ positive regulation of protein-nucleus import
+ up regulation of protein import into nucleus
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of protein import into nucleus
+ positive regulation of protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ positive regulation of protein import into cell nucleus
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
+ stimulation of protein import into nucleus
+ activation of protein import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of protein import into nucleus
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of protein import into cell nucleus
+ negative regulation of protein-nucleus import
+ down regulation of protein import into nucleus
+ downregulation of protein import into nucleus
+ negative regulation of protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ down-regulation of protein import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homoiothermy
+
+ antifreeze activity
+ biological_process
+ ice nucleation inhibitor activity
+ Any homoeostatic process by which an organism maintains its internal body temperature at a relatively constant value. This is achieved by using metabolic processes to counteract fluctuations in the temperature of the environment.
+ ice nucleation activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasoconstriction
+
+ negative regulation of blood vessel size
+ Wikipedia:Vasoconstriction
+ biological_process
+ A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels, especially arteries, usually causing an increase in blood pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vasodilation
+
+ vasodilatation
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Vasodilation
+ An increase in the internal diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles or capillaries, usually resulting in a decrease in blood pressure.
+ positive regulation of blood vessel size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vasodilation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of vasodilatation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of increases in the diameter of blood vessels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein kinase C deactivation
+
+ PKC deactivation
+ Any process resulting in the inhibition or termination of the activity of protein kinase C.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ penicillin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system. Penicillins are produced naturally during the growth of various microfungi of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus.
+ penicillin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ penicillin catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ penicillin catabolism
+ biological_process
+ penicillin breakdown
+ penicillin degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ penicillin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ penicillin biosynthesis
+ penicillin anabolism
+ penicillin synthesis
+ penicillin formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any antibiotic that contains the condensed beta-lactamthiazolidine ring system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of REM sleep
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sleep
+ down regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
+ downregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+ down-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+ downregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+ down-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+ negative regulation of REM sleep
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+ down-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+ inhibition of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
+ negative regulation of non-REM sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups into a molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of phosphorylation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or decreases the rate of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
+ down-regulation of phosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of phosphorylation
+ inhibition of phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of phosphorylation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
+ activation of phosphorylation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of phosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation of phosphorylation
+ upregulation of phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ taxis
+
+
+
+ directed movement in response to stimulus
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Taxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phototaxis
+
+
+ taxis in response to light
+ biological_process
+ GO:0046953
+ phototactic behaviour
+ Wikipedia:Phototaxis
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light.
+ phototactic behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gravitaxis
+
+
+ GO:0048062
+ gravitactic behaviour
+ geotaxis
+ taxis in response to gravitational stimulus
+ taxis in response to gravity
+ geotactic behavior
+ geotactic behaviour
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to gravity.
+ gravitactic behavior
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotaxis to oxidizable substrate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ taxis in response to oxidizable substrate
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an oxidizable substrate, for example, fructose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ taxis to electron acceptor
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of an alternative electron acceptor, for example, nitrate.
+ taxis in response to electron acceptor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cuticle, the outer layer of some animals and plants, which acts to prevent water loss.
+ cuticle biosynthetic process
+ cuticle biosynthesis
+ cuticle synthesis
+ cuticle formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-based cuticle development during molting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle formation during molting (sensu Protostomia and Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+ cuticle anabolism during molting (sensu Protostomia and Nematoda)
+ cuticle synthesis during molting (sensu Protostomia and Nematoda)
+ cuticle biosynthetic process during molting (sensu Protostomia and Nematoda)
+ Synthesis and deposition of a protein-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitin-based cuticle development during molting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle anabolism during molting (sensu Insecta)
+ cuticle formation during molting (sensu Insecta)
+ cuticle synthesis during molting (sensu Insecta)
+ cuticle biosynthetic process during molting (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis and deposition of a chitin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle development during molting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Synthesis and deposition of a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, hardened, or membranous secretion from an epithelial sheet, occurring as part of the molting cycle.
+ cuticle anabolism during molting (sensu Nematoda)
+ cuticle formation during molting (sensu Nematoda)
+ cuticle biosynthetic process during molting (sensu Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+ cuticle synthesis during molting (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratan sulfate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ keratan sulfate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.
+ keratan sulphate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ keratan sulphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratan sulfate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ keratan sulfate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ keratan sulphate catabolism
+ keratan sulphate catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of keratan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat units consisting of beta-1,4-linked D-galactopyranosyl-beta-(1,4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-sulfate and with variable amounts of fucose, sialic acid and mannose units; keratan sulfate chains are covalently linked by a glycosidic attachment through the trisaccharide galactosyl-galactosyl-xylose to peptidyl-threonine or serine residues.
+ biological_process
+ keratan sulfate degradation
+ keratan sulfate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanogenic glycoside metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ cyanogenic glycoside metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanogenic glycoside catabolic process
+
+
+ cyanogenic glycoside breakdown
+ biological_process
+ cyanogenic glycoside catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ cyanogenic glycoside degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyanogenic glycosides, any glycoside containing a cyano group that is released as hydrocyanic acid on acid hydrolysis; such compounds occur in the kernels of various fruits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole glucosinolate metabolic process
+
+
+ indole glucosinolate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan; indoles are biologically active substances based on 2,3-benzopyrrole, formed during the catabolism of tryptophan.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole glucosinolate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ indole glucosinolate breakdown
+ indole glucosinolate degradation
+ indole glucosinolate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole glucosinolates, sulfur-containing compounds that have a common structure linked to an R group derived from tryptophan.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NF-kappaB import into cell nucleus
+ regulation of NF-kappaB-nucleus import
+ regulation of NF-kappaB transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+ positive regulation of NF-kappaB-nucleus import
+ upregulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+ up-regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+ stimulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+ positive regulation of NF-kappaB transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into cell nucleus
+ activation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NF-kappaB-nucleus import
+ down-regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+ negative regulation of NF-kappaB transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ down regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+ inhibition of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+ negative regulation of NF-kappaB import into cell nucleus
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NF-kappaB import into nucleus
+
+ NF-kappaB-nucleus import
+ NF-kappaB protein-nucleus import
+ NF-kappaB transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ The directed movement of NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
+ biological_process
+ NF-kappaB import into cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ GDP-L-fucose anabolism
+ biological_process
+ GDP-L-fucose synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+ GDP-L-fucose formation
+ GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process
+
+ GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process, de novo pathway
+ 'de novo' GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis
+ 'de novo' GDP-L-fucose anabolism
+ GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis, de novo pathway
+ 'de novo' GDP-L-fucose formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP-L-fucose from GDP-D-mannose via GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose, requiring the functions of GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.47) and GDP-L-fucose synthase (EC:1.1.1.271).
+ MetaCyc:PWY-66
+ 'de novo' GDP-L-fucose synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-L-fucose salvage
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-6
+ GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis, salvage pathway
+ biological_process
+ GDP-L-fucose biosynthetic process, salvage pathway
+ The formation of GDP-L-fucose from L-fucose, without de novo synthesis. L-fucose is phosphorylated by fucokinase and then converted by fucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (EC:2.7.7.30).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fucose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ fucose anabolism
+ fucose biosynthesis
+ fucose synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fucose (6-deoxygalactose).
+ fucose formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-fucose metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-fucose, 6-deoxy-L-galactose, a sugar that occurs in fucans, a class of polysaccharides in seaweeds, especially Fucus species, and in the cell wall matrix of higher plants.
+ L-fucose metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-fucose catabolic process
+
+
+ L-fucose breakdown
+ L-fucose degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-fucose (6-deoxy-Lgalactose).
+ biological_process
+ L-fucose catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin diphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ TPP metabolism
+ TPP metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamin diphosphate, a derivative of thiamin (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
+ thiamin pyrophosphate metabolic process
+ thiamine diphosphate metabolic process
+ thiamin diphosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ thiamine diphosphate metabolism
+ thiamin pyrophosphate metabolism
+ thiamine pyrophosphate metabolism
+ thiamine pyrophosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin diphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ thiamin diphosphate catabolism
+ thiamin pyrophosphate catabolic process
+ thiamine diphosphate catabolic process
+ TPP catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamin diphosphate, a derivative of thiamin (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
+ thiamine pyrophosphate catabolism
+ thiamine pyrophosphate catabolic process
+ thiamine diphosphate catabolism
+ thiamin pyrophosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ thiamin diphosphate degradation
+ thiamin diphosphate breakdown
+ TPP catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin D metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cholecalciferol metabolic process
+ cholecalciferol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
+ ergocalciferol metabolism
+ calciferol metabolism
+ ergocalciferol metabolic process
+ calciferol metabolic process
+ vitamin D metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin E metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin E, tocopherol, which includes a series of eight structurally similar compounds. Alpha-tocopherol is the most active form in humans and is a powerful biological antioxidant.
+ vitamin E metabolism
+ alpha-tocopherol metabolism
+ tocopherol metabolic process
+ alpha-tocopherol metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ tocopherol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ menaquinone catabolic process
+
+
+ menaquinone degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ menatetrenone catabolic process
+ multiprenylmenaquinone catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of menaquinones, any of the quinone-derived compounds synthesized by intestinal bacteria. Structurally, menaquinones consist of a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and side chains composed of a variable number of unsaturated isoprenoid residues. Menaquinones have vitamin K activity and are known as vitamin K2.
+ multiprenylmenaquinone catabolic process
+ menaquinone breakdown
+ menaquinone catabolism
+ vitamin K2 catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ vitamin K2 catabolism
+ menatetrenone catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fat-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ fat-soluble vitamin anabolism
+ fat-soluble vitamin biosynthesis
+ fat-soluble vitamin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.
+ fat-soluble vitamin synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fat-soluble vitamin catabolic process
+
+
+ fat-soluble vitamin degradation
+ fat-soluble vitamin breakdown
+ biological_process
+ fat-soluble vitamin catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in organic solvents and relatively insoluble in water.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ water-soluble vitamin synthesis
+ water-soluble vitamin anabolism
+ water-soluble vitamin formation
+ water-soluble vitamin biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ water-soluble vitamin catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a diverse group of vitamins that are soluble in water.
+ biological_process
+ water-soluble vitamin degradation
+ water-soluble vitamin catabolism
+ water-soluble vitamin breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cobalamin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cobalamin (vitamin B12), a water-soluble vitamin characterized by possession of a corrin nucleus containing a cobalt atom.
+ cobalamin breakdown
+ cobalamin degradation
+ vitamin B12 catabolism
+ vitamin B12 catabolic process
+ cobalamin catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biotin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid.
+ vitamin B7 catabolism
+ biotin degradation
+ biotin catabolism
+ vitamin H catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biotin breakdown
+ vitamin B7 catabolic process
+ vitamin H catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin D biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
+ calciferol biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ vitamin D biosynthesis
+ vitamin D formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin D anabolism
+ ergocalciferol biosynthetic process
+ cholecalciferol biosynthetic process
+ vitamin D synthesis
+ calciferol biosynthetic process
+ ergocalciferol biosynthesis
+ cholecalciferol biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin D catabolic process
+
+
+ calciferol catabolic process
+ cholecalciferol biosynthetic process
+ calciferol catabolism
+ ergocalciferol biosynthetic process
+ vitamin D breakdown
+ ergocalciferol biosynthesis
+ vitamin D degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
+ cholecalciferol biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ vitamin D catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin diphosphate dephosphorylation
+
+ thiamine diphosphate dephosphorylation
+ The removal of one or more phosphate groups from thiamin diphosphate, a derivative of thiamin (vitamin B1) which acts as a coenzyme in a range of processes including the Krebs cycle.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ TPP dephosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin K biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ vitamin K formation
+ vitamin K biosynthesis
+ vitamin K synthesis
+ naphthoquinone metabolism
+ naphthoquinone metabolic process
+ vitamin K anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phylloquinone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ phylloquinone formation
+ phytylmenaquinone biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ phylloquinone anabolism
+ phytonadione biosynthetic process
+ phytomenadione biosynthetic process
+ vitamin K1 biosynthetic process
+ phytylmenaquinone biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ phytonadione biosynthesis
+ phytomenadione biosynthesis
+ vitamin K1 biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5027
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.
+ phylloquinone biosynthesis
+ phylloquinone synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin K metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals. Vitamin K substances share a methylated naphthoquinone ring structure and vary in the aliphatic side chains attached to the molecule.
+ biological_process
+ naphthoquinone metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin K metabolism
+ naphthoquinone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phylloquinone metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ phytonadione metabolism
+ phytomenadione metabolism
+ phytylmenaquinone metabolism
+ vitamin K1 metabolism
+ phytylmenaquinone metabolic process
+ vitamin K1 metabolic process
+ phylloquinone metabolism
+ phytomenadione metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ phytonadione metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phylloquinone, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants. Phylloquinone has vitamin K activity and is known as vitamin K1.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quinone cofactor metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinone cofactors.
+ biological_process
+ quinone cofactor metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phylloquinone catabolic process
+
+
+ phytonadione catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phylloquinone, vitamin K1, a quinone-derived compound synthesized by green plants.
+ phylloquinone degradation
+ phytomenadione catabolic process
+ phytylmenaquinone catabolism
+ phytonadione catabolism
+ vitamin K1 catabolism
+ phylloquinone catabolism
+ phytomenadione catabolism
+ phylloquinone breakdown
+ phytylmenaquinone catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin K1 catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin K catabolic process
+
+
+
+ vitamin K breakdown
+ vitamin K catabolism
+ vitamin K degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the forms of vitamin K, quinone-derived vitamins which are involved in the synthesis of blood-clotting factors in mammals.
+ biological_process
+ naphthoquinone catabolic process
+ naphthoquinone catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quinone cofactor catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of quinone cofactors.
+ biological_process
+ quinone cofactor breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ quinone cofactor catabolism
+ quinone cofactor degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemolymph coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which factors in the hemolymph (the invertebrate equivalent of vertebrate blood and lymph) precipitate into insoluble clots in order to prevent loss of body fluid, and at the same time prevent the movement of microbes. Hemolymph coagulation is also part of the invertebrate humoral immune response.
+ biological_process
+ hemolymph clotting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paraspeckles
+
+ Discrete subnuclear bodies in the interchromatin nucleoplasmic space, often located adjacent to nuclear specks. 10-20 paraspeckles are typically found in human cell nuclei.
+ Wikipedia:Paraspeckle
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcolemma
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Sarcolemma
+ The outer membrane of a muscle fiber, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cilium assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ cilium biogenesis
+ ciliogenesis
+ The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic locomotor organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin III complex
+
+ A myosin complex containing a class III myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin III is monomeric myosin that serves as a link between the cytoskeleton and the signaling complex involved in phototransduction, and differs from all other myosins in having an N-terminal kinase domain.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemocyte. Hemocytes are blood cells associated with a hemocoel (the cavity containing most of the major organs of the arthropod body) which are involved in defense and clotting of hemolymph, but not involved in transport of oxygen.
+ hemocyte differentiation (sensu Arthropoda)
+ arthropod blood cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasmatocyte differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of the phagocytic blood-cell type, the plasmatocyte. Plasmatocytes are a class of arthropod hemocytes important in the cellular defense response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gibberellic acid mediated signaling, G-alpha-dependent
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.
+ gibberellic acid mediated signalling, G-alpha-dependent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gibberellic acid mediated signaling, G-alpha-independent
+
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of gibberellic acid and not dependent on the coupling of the alpha subunit of G proteins to the hormone receptors.
+ gibberellic acid mediated signalling, G-alpha-independent
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of membrane potential
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysis, protein-based cuticle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysis (sensu Protostomia and Nematoda)
+ The shedding of the old protein-based cuticular fragments during the molting cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysis, collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The shedding of the old collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle fragments during the molting cycle.
+ biological_process
+ ecdysis (sensu Nematoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphagen biosynthetic process
+
+
+ phosphagen biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.
+ phosphagen anabolism
+ biological_process
+ phosphagen formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphagen synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphagen catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ phosphagen degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphagen breakdown
+ phosphagen catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphagen, any of a group of guanidine phosphates that occur in muscle and can be used to regenerate ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid derivative biosynthetic process
+
+
+ amino acid derivative formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from amino acids, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
+ amino acid derivative synthesis
+ amino acid derivative anabolism
+ biological_process
+ amino acid derivative biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectoine metabolic process
+
+
+
+ ectoine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectoine catabolic process
+
+
+ ectoine degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
+ ectoine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ ectoine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biogenic amine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biogenic amine biosynthesis
+ biogenic amine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
+ biogenic amine formation
+ biogenic amine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biogenic amine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biogenic amine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biogenic amines, any of a group of naturally occurring, biologically active amines, such as norepinephrine, histamine, and serotonin, many of which act as neurotransmitters.
+ biological_process
+ biogenic amine breakdown
+ biogenic amine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyroid hormone metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
+ thyroid hormone metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyroid hormone catabolic process
+
+
+
+ thyroid hormone degradation
+ biological_process
+ thyroid hormone catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, largely thyroxine and triiodothyronine.
+ thyroid hormone breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear inclusion body
+
+
+ An intranuclear focus at which aggregated proteins have been sequestered.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrinsic to ER membrane
+ Loosely bound to one surface of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cristae formation
+
+ The assembly of cristae, the inwards folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ taurine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ taurine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulphur-containing amino acid derivative important in the metabolism of fats.
+ taurine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ taurine formation
+ taurine anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carnitine catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
+ carnitine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ carnitine degradation
+ vitamin Bt catabolism
+ carnitine catabolism
+ vitamin Bt catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epinephrine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
+ adrenaline metabolism
+ biological_process
+ epinephrine metabolism
+ adrenaline metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ norepinephrine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ levarterenol metabolic process
+ levarterenol metabolism
+ noradrenaline metabolic process
+ norepinephrine metabolism
+ noradrenaline metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dopamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dopamine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
+ dopamine formation
+ dopamine anabolism
+ dopamine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dopamine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
+ biological_process
+ dopamine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epinephrine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ epinephrine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
+ adrenaline biosynthesis
+ epinephrine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ adrenaline biosynthetic process
+ epinephrine anabolism
+ epinephrine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epinephrine catabolic process
+
+
+ adrenaline catabolic process
+ epinephrine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
+ adrenaline catabolism
+ epinephrine degradation
+ epinephrine breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dopamine catabolic process
+
+
+ dopamine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
+ dopamine breakdown
+ dopamine degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ norepinephrine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
+ norepinephrine synthesis
+ norepinephrine biosynthesis
+ levarterenol biosynthetic process
+ noradrenaline biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ levarterenol biosynthesis
+ noradrenaline biosynthetic process
+ norepinephrine anabolism
+ norepinephrine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ norepinephrine catabolic process
+
+
+ norepinephrine catabolism
+ norepinephrine degradation
+ levarterenol catabolic process
+ noradrenaline catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of norepinephrine, a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla, and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts in the central nervous system. It is also the demethylated biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
+ levarterenol catabolism
+ norepinephrine breakdown
+ noradrenaline catabolism
+ Wikipedia:Norepinephrine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catecholamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ catecholamine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ catecholamine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ catecholamine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
+ catecholamine synthesis
+ Wikipedia:Catecholamines
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catecholamine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ catecholamine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
+ catecholamine breakdown
+ catecholamine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ choline biosynthetic process
+
+
+ choline synthesis
+ choline biosynthesis
+ choline formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
+ choline anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-4762
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ choline catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ choline degradation
+ choline catabolism
+ choline breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of choline (2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium), an amino alcohol that occurs widely in living organisms as a constituent of certain types of phospholipids and in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ serotonin formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
+ serotonin synthesis
+ Wikipedia:Serotonin
+ serotonin anabolism
+ serotonin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
+ serotonin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin catabolic process
+
+
+ serotonin catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems, also having hormonal properties.
+ serotonin degradation
+ serotonin breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole and derivative metabolic process
+
+
+ ketole metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan) formed in degradation of tryptophan, and compounds derived from it.
+ ketole metabolism
+ indole and derivative metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ indole metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).
+ indole formation
+ indole anabolism
+ indole synthesis
+ biological_process
+ indole biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole (2,3-benzopyrrole), the basis of many biologically active substances (e.g. serotonin, tryptophan).
+ indole breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ indole degradation
+ indole catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole derivative metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds derived from indole (2,3-benzopyrrole).
+ indole derivative metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole derivative biosynthetic process
+
+
+ indole derivative anabolism
+ biological_process
+ indole derivative formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds derived from indole (2,3-benzopyrrole).
+ indole derivative biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ indole derivative synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole derivative catabolic process
+
+
+ indole derivative degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds derived from indole (2,3-benzopyrrole).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ indole derivative breakdown
+ indole derivative catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indoleacetic acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ indole acetic acid catabolic process
+ indoleacetic acid degradation
+ indole acetic acid catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ indoleacetic acid breakdown
+ indoleacetic acid catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole-3-acetic acid, a compound which functions as a growth regulator in plants.
+ IAA catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ melanin anabolism
+ melanin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ melanin synthesis
+ melanin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanolamine and derivative metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) and compounds derived from it.
+ ethanolamine and derivative metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ pigment metabolism
+ goslim_pir
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye pigment metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.
+ eye pigment metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melatonin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ melatonin degradation
+ melatonin breakdown
+ GO:0042449
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).
+ melatonin catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylethylamine metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.
+ phenylethylamine metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylethylamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ phenylethylamine biosynthesis
+ phenylethylamine synthesis
+ phenylethylamine anabolism
+ phenylethylamine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenylethylamine, an amine with pharmacological properties similar to those of amphetamine, occurs naturally as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and is present in chocolate and oil of bitter almonds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hormone metabolic process
+
+
+ Reactome:225626
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:242016
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
+ hormone metabolism
+ Reactome:216741
+ Reactome:234265
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:76521
+ Reactome:247390
+ Reactome:207167
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
+ hormone anabolism
+ hormone formation
+ hormone synthesis
+ hormone biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hormone catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
+ hormone breakdown
+ hormone catabolism
+ hormone degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progesterone metabolic process
+
+ progesterone metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving progesterone, a steroid hormone produced in the ovary which prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. Also found in plants.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arginine biosynthetic process via ornithine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ arginine anabolism via ornithine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid) via the intermediate compound ornithine.
+ arginine formation via ornithine
+ biological_process
+ arginine synthesis via ornithine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine nucleoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ purine nucleoside synthesis
+ purine nucleoside formation
+ purine nucleoside biosynthesis
+ purine nucleoside anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyguanosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
+ deoxyguanosine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ deoxyguanosine anabolism
+ deoxyguanosine synthesis
+ deoxyguanosine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyguanosine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyguanosine, a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
+ deoxyguanosine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ ribonucleoside degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
+ ribonucleoside breakdown
+ ribonucleoside catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribonucleoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ribonucleoside formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ ribonucleoside anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
+ ribonucleoside biosynthesis
+ ribonucleoside synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethylene catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ ethylene degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), a simple hydrocarbon gas that can function in plants as a growth regulator.
+ ethene catabolism
+ ethene catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ ethylene breakdown
+ ethylene catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nopaline catabolic process to proline
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:NOPALINEDEG-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nopaline into other compounds, including proline.
+ biological_process
+ nopaline breakdown to proline
+ nopaline degradation to proline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octopine catabolic process to proline
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopine into other compounds, including proline.
+ octopine degradation to proline
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:OCTOPINEDEG-PWY
+ octopine breakdown to proline
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0046531
+ biological_process
+ photoreceptor morphogenesis
+ Development of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye photoreceptor cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Development of a photoreceptor, a sensory cell in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. They usually contain a pigment that undergoes a chemical change when light is absorbed, thus stimulating a nerve.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ocellus photoreceptor cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0001749
+ Development of photoreceptors, sensory cells that react to the presence of light, found in the ocellus.
+ non-eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dosage compensation, by hypoactivation of X chromosome
+
+ dosage compensation (sensu Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+ Compensating for the two-fold variation in X:autosome chromosome ratios between sexes by an inactivation of a proportion of genes on both of the X chromosomes of the XX sex, leading to a decrease, of half, of the levels of gene expression from these chromosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the rate of movement depends on the intensity (rather than the direction) of the stimulus.
+ Wikipedia:Kinesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemokinesis
+
+ Wikipedia:Chemokinesis
+ biological_process
+ A response by a motile cell to a soluble chemical that involves an increase or decrease in speed (positive or negative orthokinesis) or of frequency of movement or a change in the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior (klinokinesis).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ orthokinesis
+
+ The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the speed or frequency of movement is increased or decreased.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ klinokinesis
+
+ The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior is altered.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanosome
+
+ A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells.
+ Wikipedia:Melanosome
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ear morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ hearing organ morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the ear are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner ear morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer ear morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the outer ear are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The outer ear is the part of the ear external to the tympanum (eardrum). It consists of a tube (the external auditory meatus) that directs sound waves on to the tympanum, and may also include the external pinna, which extends beyond the skull.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ middle ear morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of middle ear are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The middle ear is the air-filled cavity within the skull of vertebrates that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear. It is linked to the pharynx (and therefore to outside air) via the Eustachian tube and in mammals contains the three ear ossicles, which transmit auditory vibrations from the outer ear (via the tympanum) to the inner ear (via the oval window).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth
+
+ biological_process
+ tooth development (sensu Vertebrata)
+ odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
+ odontogeny (sensu Vertebrata)
+ odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth
+ odontosis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentine-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentine-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and are composed mainly of dentine, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ odontogenesis
+
+ odontogeny
+ GO:0042477
+ tooth development
+ odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth
+ biological_process
+ odontosis
+ tooth development (sensu Invertebrata)
+ odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+ Wikipedia:Odontogenesis
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.
+ regulation of eye photoreceptor development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of eye photoreceptor development
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.
+ activation of eye photoreceptor cell development
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
+ up regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
+ upregulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
+ stimulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
+ downregulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eye photoreceptor development.
+ negative regulation of eye photoreceptor development
+ inhibition of eye photoreceptor cell development
+ down regulation of eye photoreceptor cell development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of odontogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0042484
+ biological_process
+ regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.
+ regulation of tooth development
+ regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of odontogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+ positive regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+ GO:0042485
+ activation of odontogenesis
+ upregulation of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+ up regulation of odontogenesis
+ upregulation of odontogenesis
+ up-regulation of odontogenesis
+ stimulation of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.
+ positive regulation of tooth development
+ up-regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+ stimulation of odontogenesis
+ activation of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of odontogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.
+ negative regulation of odontogenesis of calcareous or chitinous tooth
+ GO:0042486
+ inhibition of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+ down regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+ inhibition of odontogenesis
+ negative regulation of tooth development
+ down-regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+ down regulation of odontogenesis
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Protostomia)
+ down-regulation of odontogenesis
+ downregulation of odontogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
+ regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth
+ positive regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ biological_process
+ activation of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ stimulation of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ positive regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
+ up-regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.
+ upregulation of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing tooth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth
+ inhibition of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ down-regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ down regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth
+ negative regulation of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ downregulation of odontogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mechanoreceptor differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mechanoreceptor, a cell specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory receptor cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an auditory hair cell.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term refers to the mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear.
+ auditory hair cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+
+
+ gamma-delta T-cell differentiation
+ gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized hemopoietic cell acquires specialized features of a gamma-delta T cell.
+ gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to drug
+
+ drug resistance
+ GO:0017035
+ biological_process
+ goslim_candida
+ drug susceptibility/resistance
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of bacterial lipoprotein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perception of Lpp
+ The series of events in which a bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Bacterial lipoproteins are lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
+ perception of bacterial lipoprotein
+ biological_process
+ perception of BLP
+ detection of Lpp
+ detection of BLP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of triacylated bacterial lipoprotein
+
+ perception of triacylated bacterial lipoprotein
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a triacylated bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Triacylated bacterial lipoproteins are triacylated lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of diacylated bacterial lipoprotein
+
+ perception of diacylated bacterial lipoprotein
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a diacylated bacterial lipoprotein stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Diacylated bacterial lipoproteins are diacylated lipoproteins characterized by the presence of conserved sequence motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a serine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat2 protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat4 protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat6 protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat7 protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+ stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+ biological_process
+ activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+ upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+ up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+ inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+ down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+ down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat1 protein
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat1 protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat2 protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+ down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat2 protein.
+ downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+ inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat2 protein.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+ up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+ activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+ upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+ stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat2 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+ up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+ activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+ up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+ downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+ down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 protein
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat3 protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat4 protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+ upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+ up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat4 protein.
+ activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat4 protein.
+ down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+ inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+ downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat4 protein
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.
+ up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+ upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+ up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+ stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+ biological_process
+ activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat5 protein.
+ down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+ inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat5 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat6 protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+ stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+ up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+ activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat6 protein.
+ up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat6 protein.
+ downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+ down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+ inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat6 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat7 protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat7 protein.
+ activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+ up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+ stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+ up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+ upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a Stat7 protein.
+ downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+ down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat7 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
+ upregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+ stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+ up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+ activation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+ up regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+ down regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+ down-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein.
+ downregulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TNF-alpha biosynthetic process
+ tumor necrosis factor formation
+ Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha biosynthesis
+ TNF biosynthetic process
+ tumor necrosis factor synthesis
+ TNF alpha biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
+ Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha biosynthetic process
+ TNF alpha biosynthetic process
+ tumor necrosis factor biosynthesis
+ tumor necrosis factor anabolism
+ biological_process
+ TNF biosynthesis
+ Note that this term refers only to the specific, original 'tumor necrosis factor' protein (TNF) and not other members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (those with the gene symbol root 'TNFSF').
+ TNF-alpha biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor synthesis
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthesis
+ regulation of TNF-alpha biosynthetic process
+ regulation of TNF-alpha biosynthesis
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha biosynthetic process
+ regulation of TNF alpha biosynthesis
+ Note that this term refers only to the specific, original 'tumor necrosis factor' protein (TNF) and not other members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (those with the gene symbol root 'TNFSF').
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
+ regulation of TNF biosynthesis
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor formation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TNF alpha biosynthetic process
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor anabolism
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha biosynthesis
+ regulation of TNF biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor synthesis
+ positive regulation of TNF biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthesis
+ activation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TNF alpha biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor anabolism
+ upregulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor formation
+ up regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
+ positive regulation of TNF biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of TNF alpha biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TNF-alpha biosynthetic process
+ Note that this term refers only to the specific, original 'tumor necrosis factor' protein (TNF) and not other members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (those with the gene symbol root 'TNFSF').
+ positive regulation of TNF-alpha biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor anabolism
+ down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor synthesis
+ negative regulation of TNF-alpha biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of TNF biosynthesis
+ downregulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process
+ Note that this term refers only to the specific, original 'tumor necrosis factor' protein (TNF) and not other members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (those with the gene symbol root 'TNFSF').
+ negative regulation of TNF alpha biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of TNF alpha biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of TNF-alpha biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor formation
+ negative regulation of TNF biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tumor necrosis factor, an inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages/monocytes during acute inflammation and which is responsible for a diverse range of signaling events within cells, leading to necrosis or apoptosis.
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ benzene and derivative metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzene, C6H6, a volatile, very inflammable liquid, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation, or any of its derivatives.
+ benzene and derivative metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyperosmotic salinity response
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism or cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, an increase in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
+ biological_process
+ response to hyperosmotic salt stress
+ salt tolerance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypotonic salinity response
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism or cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
+ response to hypotonic salt stress
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemoglobin catabolic process
+
+
+ Note that 'hydrolysis' is actually a reaction rather than a process. The synonym 'hemoglobin hydrolysis' was the text string associated with the secondary ID GO:0020029, which was retained because its definition did describe a process.
+ hemoglobin catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin; especially, the proteolytic cleavage of hemoglobin to yield free heme, peptides, and amino acids.
+ haemoglobin hydrolysis
+ haemoglobin catabolism
+ haemoglobin catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ hemoglobin breakdown
+ hemoglobin degradation
+ hemoglobin hydrolysis
+ GO:0020029
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ hemoglobin synthesis
+ haemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
+ hemoglobin anabolism
+ haemoglobin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ hemoglobin formation
+ hemoglobin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to hydrogen peroxide
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid N-linked glycosylation via arginine
+
+
+ The posttranslational glycosylation of protein via peptidyl-arginine, omega-N-glycosyl-L-arginine.
+ RESID:AA0327
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melibiose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ melibiose synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melibiose, the disaccharide 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose.
+ melibiose anabolism
+ melibiose biosynthesis
+ melibiose formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall modification
+
+ The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall biogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell wall is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. A cell wall is the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
+ cell wall assembly
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall modification during multidimensional cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall modification during cell expansion
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The series of events that occur during cell growth that result in chemical or structural changes to existing cell walls.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem II stabilization
+
+ The stabilization of the photosystem II protein complex, resulting from the phosphorylation of its structural protein subunits, in a cell actively involved in photosynthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem I stabilization
+
+ biological_process
+ The stabilization of the photosystem I protein complex, resulting from the phosphorylation of its structural protein subunits, in a cell actively involved in photosynthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a neuron to attain its fully functional state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelination
+
+ The process by which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Myelin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superoxide release
+
+ The enzymatic generation of superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species, by a cell in response to environmental stress, thereby mediating the activation of various stress-inducible signaling pathways.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MCM complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.
+ cellular_component
+ mini-chromosome maintenance complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pteridine and derivative metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
+ pteridine and derivative metabolism
+ pterin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ GO:0019721
+ pterin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pteridine and derivative biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pterin biosynthetic process
+ pteridine and derivative synthesis
+ pteridine and derivative formation
+ pteridine and derivative biosynthesis
+ pteridine and derivative anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
+ biological_process
+ pterin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pteridine and derivative catabolic process
+
+
+ pteridine and derivative degradation
+ pterin catabolic process
+ pterin catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ pteridine and derivative breakdown
+ pteridine and derivative catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any compound containing pteridine (pyrazino(2,3-dipyrimidine)), e.g. pteroic acid, xanthopterin and folic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ importin alpha-subunit nuclear export complex
+
+ A protein complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus, the importin alpha-subunit/CAS/Ran, and which functions to shuttle the importin alpha-subunit out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NLS-dependent protein nuclear import complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus, the importin alpha and beta-subunits and any protein which has a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). The complex acts to import proteins with an NLS into the nucleus through a nuclear pore.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA nuclear export complex
+
+ A complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus and yeast, the export receptor CRM1 (also known as exportin 1), the Ran protein and any RNA with a nuclear export sequence (NES). The complex acts to export RNA molecules with a NES from the nucleus through a nuclear pore.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogenosome
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A spherical, membrane-bounded organelle found in some anaerobic protozoa, which participates in ATP and molecular hydrogen formation.
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Hydrogenosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin-like growth factor ternary complex
+
+ IGF ternary complex
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of three proteins, which in animals is approximately 150kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), or -5 (IGFBP-5) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). The complex plays a role in growth and development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin-like growth factor binary complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ IGF binary complex
+ A complex of two proteins, which in animals is 50kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and one of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), -2 (IGFBP-2), -4 (IGFBP-4) and -6 (IGFBP-6). The complex plays a role in growth and development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin complex, circulating
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Antibody
+ cellular_component
+ An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component.
+ antibody
+ Note that an immunoglobulin complex has the function of antigen binding if a suitable antigen is available.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinol metabolic process
+
+
+
+ vitamin A1 alcohol metabolism
+ retinol metabolism
+ vitamin A1 metabolism
+ vitamin A1 alcohol metabolic process
+ vitamin A1 metabolic process
+ Wikipedia:Retinol
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinol, one of the three compounds that makes up vitamin A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinoic acid metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinoic acid, one of the three components that makes up vitamin A.
+ vitamin A1 acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin A1 acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ retinoic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal metabolic process
+
+
+
+ retinaldehyde metabolism
+ retinal metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving retinal, a compound that plays an important role in the visual process in most vertebrates. In the retina, retinal combines with opsins to form visual pigments. Retinal is one of the forms of vitamin A.
+ biological_process
+ retinaldehyde metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA polymerase complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that possesses DNA polymerase activity and is involved in template directed synthesis of DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microbody
+
+
+ Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Microbody
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ A specialised tubular organelle, assembled in hexagonal bundles within an external membrane. Mannosomes are specific to molluscs and are thought to be involved in a general stress reaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specific granule
+
+ Granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.
+ secondary granule
+ Wikipedia:Specific_granule
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ azurophil granule
+
+
+ primary granule
+ Primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes. Contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromaffin granule
+
+ Specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromaffin granule membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germinal vesicle
+
+ The enlarged, fluid filled nucleus of a primary oocyte, the development of which is suspended in prophase I of the first meiotic division between embryohood and sexual maturity.
+ primary oocyte nucleus
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycogen granule
+
+ glycogen particle
+ cellular_component
+ Cytoplasmic bead-like structures of animal cells, visible by electron microscope. Each granule is a functional unit with the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycogen being catalyzed by enzymes bound to the granule surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zymogen granule
+
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zymogen granule membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a zymogen granule.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I
+
+
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class I protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+ antigen presentation, exogenous antigen via major histocompatibility complex class I
+ exogenous peptide antigen processing and presentation via MHC class I
+ cross priming
+ cross presentation
+ cross-priming
+ cross-presentation
+ antigen presentation, exogenous antigen via MHC class I
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homeostatic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium.
+ homeostasis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose homeostasis
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of glucose within an organism or cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to starvation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral response to starvation
+
+ A change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of nourishment.
+ behavioural response to starvation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fear response
+
+ GO:0001663
+ physiological fear response
+ biological_process
+ The response of an organism to a perceived external threat.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ periplasmic space
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane (Gram-negative Bacteria) or inner membrane and cell wall (Fungi).
+ periplasm
+ GO:0005620
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicular fraction
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any of the small, heterogeneous, artifactual, vesicular particles that are formed when some cells are homogenized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lamellar body
+
+ keratinosome
+ lamellar granule
+ membrane-coating granule
+ Odland body
+ A membrane-bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chorion
+
+ goslim_pir
+ A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.
+ Note that this term does not refer to the extraembryonic membrane surrounding the embryo of amniote vertebrates as this is an anatomical structure and is therefore not covered by GO.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endospore-forming forespore
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Portion of the cell formed during the process of bacterial sporulation that will ultimately become the core of the endospore. An endospore is a type of dormant cell that is resistant to adverse conditions.
+ cellular_component
+ forespore (sensu Bacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ capsule
+
+ GO:0030113
+ cellular_component
+ capsule (sensu Fungi)
+ Wikipedia:Capsule_(microbiology)
+ GO:0042604
+ gosubset_prok
+ capsule (sensu Bacteria)
+ A protective structure surrounding some fungi and bacteria, attached externally to the cell wall and composed primarily of polysaccharides. Capsules are highly organized structures that adhere strongly to cells and can not be easily removed. Capsules play important roles in pathogenicity, preventing phagocytosis by other cells, adherance, and resistance to dessication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHC protein complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHC class I protein complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class I alpha chain and an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide antigen. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
+ See also the cellular component term 'MHC class I peptide loading complex ; GO:0042824'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHC class II protein complex
+
+ A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paclitaxel metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving paclitaxel, an alkaloid compound used as an anticancer treatment.
+ gosubset_prok
+ paclitaxel metabolism
+ taxol metabolic process
+ taxol metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paclitaxel biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ paclitaxel biosynthesis
+ paclitaxel synthesis
+ biological_process
+ paclitaxel anabolism
+ paclitaxel formation
+ taxol biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of paclitaxel, an alkaloid compound used as an anticancer treatment.
+ taxol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ poly-hydroxybutyrate metabolic process
+
+ PHB metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.
+ poly-hydroxybutyrate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ PHB metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ poly-hydroxybutyrate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ poly-hydroxybutyrate formation
+ biological_process
+ poly-hydroxybutyrate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ poly-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis
+ PHB biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a polymer of beta-hydroxybutyrate and a common storage material of prokaryotic cells.
+ poly-hydroxybutyrate synthesis
+ PHB biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
+ PHA metabolic process
+ PHA metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) metabolism
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process
+
+
+ poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthesis
+ PHA biosynthetic process
+ poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) synthesis
+ poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ PHA biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
+ biological_process
+ poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor outer segment membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The membrane surrounding the outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chylomicron
+
+ A large lipoprotein particle (diameter 75-1200 nm) composed of a central core of triglycerides and cholesterol surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. The proteins include one molecule of apolipoprotein B-48 and may include a variety of apolipoproteins, including APOAs, APOCs and APOE. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Chylomicron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating plug formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating plug deposition
+ copulatory plug deposition
+ copulatory plug biosynthesis
+ The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males.
+ biological_process
+ copulatory plug formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell granule
+
+ cellular_component
+ Coarse, bluish-black staining cytoplasmic granules, bounded by a plasma membrane and found in mast cells and basophils. Contents include histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfates, chymase and tryptase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral response to water deprivation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water.
+ behavioral response to drought
+ behavioural response to water deprivation
+ behavioral response to thirst
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to water deprivation
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of water.
+ cellular response to drought
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of cholesterol within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair cycle
+
+ biological_process
+ The cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hair cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hair cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of hair cycle
+ upregulation of hair cycle
+ activation of hair cycle
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of hair cycle
+ up-regulation of hair cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hair cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of hair cycle
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of hair cycle
+ inhibition of hair cycle
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair.
+ down-regulation of hair cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regression phase of the hair cycle during which cell proliferation ceases, the hair follicle shortens, and an anchored club hair is produced.
+ biological_process
+ hair regression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exogen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The shedding phase of the hair cycle.
+ hair shedding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telogen
+
+ biological_process
+ hair resting phase
+ The resting phase of hair cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair growth
+ biological_process
+ The growth phase of the hair cycle. Lasts, for example, about 3 to 6 years for human scalp hair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actomyosin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
+ cellular_component
+ actomyosin structure
+ actomyosin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actomyosin, myosin complex part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The myosin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actomyosin, actin part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The actin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast nucleoid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region of a chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial nucleoid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid nucleoid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region of a plastid to which the DNA is confined.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proplastid nucleoid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region of a proplastid to which the DNA is confined.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A circular DNA molecule containing chloroplast encoded genes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prothylakoid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes. Rapidly develop into mature thylakoids in the presence of light.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prothylakoid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The membrane of prothylakoids, underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thylakoid membrane
+
+
+
+ The pigmented membrane of any thylakoid.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, peripheral segment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADH-Q oxidoreductase complex, peripheral segment (sensu Eukaryota)
+ respiratory chain complex I, peripheral segment (sensu Eukaryota)
+ The peripheral segment of respiratory chain complex I located in the mitochondrion. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.
+ NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex, peripheral segment (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, membrane segment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ respiratory chain complex I, membrane segment (sensu Eukaryota)
+ The mitochondrial membrane segment of respiratory chain complex I. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix.
+ NADH-Q oxidoreductase complex, membrane segment (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of JNKKK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of JUNKKK activity
+ activation of JUN kinase kinase kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase kinase kinase activity in response to phosphorylation by a member of the MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKKK) family or another upstream kinase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that mediates the adoption of a specific fate by a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of cell fate specification
+ up-regulation of cell fate specification
+ Any process that activates or enables a cell to adopt a specific fate.
+ up regulation of cell fate specification
+ stimulation of cell fate specification
+ upregulation of cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of mesodermal cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ down regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
+ suppression of mesodermal cell fate
+ down-regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
+ downregulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of endodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of endoderm cell fate specification
+ Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an endoderm cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of endodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of endodermal cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an endoderm cell.
+ suppression of endoderm cell fate
+ down-regulation of endodermal cell fate specification
+ negative regulation of endoderm cell fate specification
+ downregulation of endodermal cell fate specification
+ inhibition of endodermal cell fate specification
+ suppression of endodermal cell fate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of ectoderm cell fate specification
+ Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an ectoderm cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into an ectoderm cell.
+ suppression of ectodermal cell fate
+ downregulation of ectodermal cell fate specification
+ inhibition of ectodermal cell fate specification
+ down-regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification
+ negative regulation of ectoderm cell fate specification
+ down regulation of ectodermal cell fate specification
+ suppression of ectoderm cell fate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory receptor cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ auditory hair cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory receptor cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ auditory hair cell fate determination
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an auditory hair cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of auditory receptor cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of auditory hair cell fate specification
+ Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into an auditory hair cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal cone cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal cone cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal cone cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal cone cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a retinal cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of retinal cone cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a retinal cone cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye cone cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cone cell differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a compound eye cone cell, a cone-shaped cell, that focuses light in a compound eye.
+ GO:0042674
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye cone cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0007466
+ cone cell fate commitment (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process whereby the cone cells of the compound eye, the lens-secreting cells in the ommatidia, adopt pathways of differentiation that lead to the establishment of their distinct cell type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye cone cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0042678
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ cone cell fate specification (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye cone cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cone cell fate determination (sensu Endopterygota)
+ GO:0042677
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a compound eye cone cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a compound eye cone cell.
+ GO:0042681
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cone cell fate specification (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of compound eye cone cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of cone cell fate specification
+ inhibition of cone cell fate specification (sensu Endopterygota)
+ down regulation of cone cell fate specification (sensu Endopterygota)
+ downregulation of cone cell fate specification
+ down-regulation of cone cell fate specification (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ GO:0010000
+ down-regulation of cone cell fate specification
+ Any process that restricts, stops or prevents a cell from specifying into a compound eye cone cell.
+ negative regulation of cone cell fate specification (sensu Endopterygota)
+ inhibition of cone cell fate specification
+ suppression of cone cell fate (sensu Drosophila)
+ downregulation of cone cell fate specification (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardioblast cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell becomes committed to becoming a cardioblast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardioblast cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a cardioblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardioblast cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that mediates the specification of a cell into a cardioblast.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ crystal cell differentiation
+
+ The process by which a hemocyte precursor cell acquires the characteristics of a crystal cell, a class of cells that contain crystalline inclusions and are involved in the melanization of pathogenic material in the hemolymph.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of crystal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of crystal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of crystal cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.
+ inhibition of crystal cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of crystal cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of crystal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of crystal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of crystal cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of crystal cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of crystal cell differentiation
+ activation of crystal cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of crystal cell differentiation.
+ stimulation of crystal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a muscle cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the cellular identity of muscle cells is acquired and determined.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a muscle cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thelarche
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Thelarche
+ The beginning of development of the breasts in the female.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ menarche
+
+
+ The beginning of the menstrual cycle; the first menstrual cycle in an individual.
+ Wikipedia:Menarche
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ menopause
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Menopause
+ biological_process
+ Cessation of menstruation, occurring in (e.g.) the human female usually around the age of 50.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovulation cycle
+
+
+ estrous cycle
+ menstrual cycle
+ The type of sexual cycle seen in female mammals, with physiologic changes in the endometrium that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ follicle stimulating hormone signaling pathway
+ follicle-stimulating hormone signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals mediated by follicle-stimulating hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luteinizing hormone signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals mediated by luteinizing hormone.
+ luteinizing hormone signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progesterone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of progesterone, a steroid hormone, by the corpus luteum of the ovary and by the placenta.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uterine wall growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regrowth of the endometrium and blood vessels in the uterus following menstruation, resulting from a rise in progesterone levels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ menstruation
+
+ Wikipedia:Menstruation
+ The cyclic, physiologic discharge through the vagina of blood and endometrial tissues from the nonpregnant uterus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uterine wall breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The sloughing of the endometrium and blood vessels during menstruation that results from a drop in progesterone levels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ocellus photoreceptor cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a photoreceptor cell found in the ocellus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an eye photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ocellus photoreceptor cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into photoreceptor cell in the ocellus. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ succinate-CoA ligase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP or GTP.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biofilm formation
+
+ A process whereby microorganisms irreversibly attach to and grow on a surface and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.
+ goslim_candida
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maternal behavior
+
+ biological_process
+ maternal behaviour
+ Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paternal behavior
+
+ paternal behaviour
+ Male behaviors associated with the care and rearing offspring.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm ejaculation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dosage compensation complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA or RNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on one or more X chromosomes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dosage compensation complex assembly during dosage compensation by hypoactivation of X chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the complex that mediates dosage compensation on both X chromosomes in the monogametic sex, ultimately resulting in a two-fold reduction in transcription from these chromosomes.
+ dosage compensation complex assembly (sensu Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane-derived chromatophore
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A pigment-bearing structure found in certain photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria which is derived from the cytoplasmic membrane, sometimes consisting of simple invaginations and sometimes a complete vesicle.
+ Note that this structure is distinct from the chromoplast of plants, which is also sometimes called a chromatophore; it also should not be confused with the specialized pigment-producing cells known as chromatophores, found in fish and amphibian skin.
+ thylakoid (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ chromatophore vesicle
+ thylakoid (sensu Proteobacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane-derived chromatophore membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer associated with a plasma membrane-derived chromatophore; surrounds chromatophores that form complete vesicles.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ yolk granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Discrete structures that partition the water-insoluble portion of the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Soluble complex of the mitochondrial intermembrane space composed of various combinations of small Tim proteins; acts as a protein transporter to guide proteins to the Tim22 complex for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane.
+ Tim9-Tim10 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane, consisting of at least two subunits, involved in processing of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins targeted to the intermembrane space.
+ IMP
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial inner membrane protein insertion complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates insertion of carrier proteins into the inner membrane.
+ Tim22 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T cell activation by superantigen
+
+ alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation by superantigen
+ alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation by superantigen
+ biological_process
+ alpha-beta T-cell activation by superantigen
+ The change in morphology and behavior of alpha-beta T cells resulting from exposure to a superantigen, a microbial antigen with an extremely potent activating effect on T cells that bear a specific variable region.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin and derivative metabolic process
+
+ vitamin B1 and derivative metabolism
+ vitamin B1 and derivative metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ thiamine and derivative metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving thiamin (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.
+ thiamine and derivative metabolic process
+ thiamin and derivative metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin and derivative biosynthetic process
+
+ thiamine and derivative biosynthesis
+ vitamin B1 and derivative biosynthesis
+ thiamin and derivative synthesis
+ thiamin and derivative biosynthesis
+ thiamine and derivative biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ thiamin and derivative formation
+ biological_process
+ vitamin B1 and derivative biosynthetic process
+ thiamin and derivative anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamin (vitamin B1), and related compounds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiamin and derivative catabolic process
+
+ thiamine and derivative catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin B1 and derivative catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiamin (vitamin B1), and compounds derived from it.
+ vitamin B1 and derivative catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ thiamin and derivative catabolism
+ thiamin and derivative breakdown
+ thiamine and derivative catabolic process
+ thiamin and derivative degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ riboflavin and derivative metabolic process
+
+ vitamin B2 and derivative metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving riboflavin (vitamin B2) or any of its derivatives.
+ vitamin B2 and derivative metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ riboflavin and derivative metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ riboflavin and derivative biosynthetic process
+
+ vitamin B2 and derivative biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin B2 and derivative biosynthetic process
+ riboflavin and derivative synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) or any of its derivatives.
+ riboflavin and derivative anabolism
+ riboflavin and derivative formation
+ riboflavin and derivative biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ riboflavin and derivative catabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ riboflavin and derivative degradation
+ vitamin B2 and derivative catabolism
+ vitamin B2 and derivative catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of riboflavin (vitamin B2) or any of its derivatives.
+ riboflavin and derivative catabolism
+ riboflavin and derivative breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DASH complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Dam1 complex
+ Duo1p-Dam1p-Dad1p complex
+ DDD complex
+ condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore-associated DASH complex
+ Note that this complex is conserved in fungi but has not been observed in metazoans.
+ A large protein complex, containing around 8-10 subunits in yeast, including Duo1p, Dam1p, Dad1p and Ask1p. The complex forms part of the kinetochore, associates with microtubules when the kinetochore attaches to the spindle, and plays a role in spindle attachment, chromosome segregation and spindle stability.
+ GO:0043925
+ GO:0043926
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibrinolysis
+
+ Reactome:221411
+ Reactome:211639
+ An ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.
+ Reactome:238064
+ Reactome:230046
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Fibrinolysis
+ Reactome:75205
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-xylose metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-xylose metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic digit morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage. For example a finger or toe.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ presynaptic membrane
+
+
+ A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein body
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane-bounded plant organelle found in the developing endosperm, contains storage proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ drug catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ drug degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ drug catabolism
+ drug breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exogenous drug catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exogenous drug breakdown
+ exogenous drug catabolism
+ exogenous drug degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug that has originated externally to the cell or organism.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endogenous drug catabolic process
+
+ endogenous drug catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug that has originated internally within the cell or organism.
+ endogenous drug breakdown
+ endogenous drug degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exogenous antibiotic catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an antibiotic that has originated externally to the cell or organism.
+ exogenous antibiotic degradation
+ exogenous antibiotic breakdown
+ exogenous antibiotic catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endogenous antibiotic catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ endogenous antibiotic catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an antibiotic that has originated internally within the cell or organism.
+ biological_process
+ endogenous antibiotic breakdown
+ endogenous antibiotic degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to bacterium
+
+
+ defence response to bacterium
+ defense response to bacteria
+ Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
+ antibacterial peptide activity
+ GO:0042830
+ defence response to bacteria
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ hydrogen peroxide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogen peroxide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ hydrogen peroxide degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ hydrogen peroxide catabolism
+ hydrogen peroxide removal
+ hydrogen peroxide breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian sleep/wake cycle
+
+
+ The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness
+
+ The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the circadian sleep/wake cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hibernation
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy in which to pass the winter. It is characterized by narcosis and by sharp reduction in body temperature and metabolic activity and by a depression of vital signs.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Hibernation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ estivation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Estivation
+ Any process by which an organism enters and maintains a period of dormancy, similar to hibernation, but that occurs during the summer. It insulates against heat to prevent the harmful effects of the season.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of circadian rhythm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of circadian rhythm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of circadian rhythm
+ upregulation of circadian rhythm
+ activation of circadian rhythm
+ stimulation of circadian rhythm
+ up-regulation of circadian rhythm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of circadian rhythm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of circadian rhythm
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm behavior.
+ downregulation of circadian rhythm
+ inhibition of circadian rhythm
+ down-regulation of circadian rhythm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eating behavior
+
+ biological_process
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.
+ eating behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ drinking behavior
+
+ drinking behaviour
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ giant axon
+
+ cellular_component
+ Extremely large, unmyelinated axon found in invertebrates. Has high conduction speeds and is usually involved in panic or escape responses.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long-chain fatty acid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of long-chain fatty acids, aliphatic compounds having a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length of C12-18.
+ biological_process
+ long-chain fatty acid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ long-chain fatty acid degradation
+ long-chain fatty acid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ long-chain fatty acid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of long-chain fatty acids, aliphatic compounds having a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length of C12-18.
+ long-chain fatty acid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ long-chain fatty acid anabolism
+ long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ very-long-chain fatty acid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acids with a chain length of C18 or greater.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ very-long-chain fatty acid catabolism
+ very-long-chain fatty acid breakdown
+ very-long-chain fatty acid degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis
+ very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids with a chain length of C18 or greater.
+ very-long-chain fatty acid formation
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5080
+ very-long-chain fatty acid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sulfur metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sulfur metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur, the nonmetallic element sulfur or compounds that contain sulfur.
+ regulation of sulphur metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ regulation of sulphur metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular immature spore
+
+ forespore
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A cell or part of the cell that constitutes an early developmental stage of a spore, a small reproductive body that is highly resistant to desiccation and heat and is capable of growing into a new organism, produced especially by certain bacteria, fungi, algae, and nonflowering plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore-type prospore
+
+ forespore (sensu Fungi)
+ cellular_component
+ An immature spore, of the type observed in ascopore-forming fungi, undergoing development; usually consists of nucleic acid, prospore membrane(s) that encase the nucleic acid, and ultimately a cell wall that covers the membrane(s).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GPI-anchor transamidase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be confused with 'glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex ; GO:0000506', which represents a distinct complex with a different catalytic activity.
+ GPIT complex
+ cellular_component
+ An enzyme complex which in humans and yeast consists of at least five proteins; for example, the complex contains GAA1, GPI8, PIG-S, PIG-U, and PIG-T in human, and Gaa1p, Gab1p, Gpi8p, Gpi16p, and Gpi17p in yeast. Catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of the carboxyl-terminus of a precursor protein to a GPI-anchor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleosome mobilization
+
+
+ The movement of nucleosomes along a DNA fragment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA damage response, detection of DNA damage
+
+
+ DNA damage response, perception of DNA damage
+ detection of DNA damage during DNA damage response
+ The series of events required to receive a stimulus indicating DNA damage has occurred and convert it to a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA damage response, signal transduction
+
+
+ A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in induction of apoptosis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the initiation of apoptosis (programmed cell death).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in transcription
+
+ biological_process
+ A cascade of processes initiated in response to the detection of DNA damage, and resulting in the induction of transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
+
+ biological_process
+ ATP synthesis coupled electron transport (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP in the plasma membrane. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
+
+ Reactome:238190
+ Reactome:221550
+ mitochondrial electron transport
+ Reactome:259073
+ Reactome:280580
+ Reactome:274107
+ Reactome:289827
+ Reactome:252505
+ Reactome:265268
+ Reactome:286598
+ The transfer of electrons through a series of electron donors and acceptors, generating energy that is ultimately used for synthesis of ATP, as it occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane or chloroplast thylakoid membrane; as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
+ Reactome:211785
+ Reactome:249757
+ Reactome:291739
+ Reactome:163200
+ organelle ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
+ Reactome:268394
+ ATP synthesis coupled electron transport (sensu Eukaryota)
+ Reactome:255678
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:293717
+ Reactome:244866
+ Reactome:262433
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
+
+
+ Reactome:163210
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:238059
+ Reactome:164834
+ Reactome:230041
+ mitochondrial proton transport
+ Reactome:242406
+ The transport of protons across a mitochondrial membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
+ ATP synthesis coupled proton transport (sensu Eukaryota)
+ Reactome:211634
+ Reactome:217352
+ Reactome:234734
+ Reactome:226025
+ Reactome:249603
+ Reactome:247656
+ Reactome:221406
+ Reactome:244673
+ Reactome:207824
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane ATP synthesis coupled proton transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ ATP synthesis coupled proton transport (sensu Bacteria)
+ The transport of protons across the plasma membrane to generate an electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) that powers ATP synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA end turnover
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which the 3'-terminal CCA of a tRNA is removed and restored. This often happens to uncharged tRNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA 3'-trailer cleavage
+
+ removal of tRNA 3'-trailer sequence
+ gosubset_prok
+ Cleavage of the 3'-end of the pre-tRNA as part of the process of generating the mature 3'-end of the tRNA; may involve endonucleolytic or exonucleolytic cleavage, or both.
+ biological_process
+ tRNA 3'-end cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which the 3' end of a pre-tRNA molecule is converted to that of a mature tRNA.
+ biological_process
+ tRNA 3' processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ passive evasion of host immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ passive immune evasion
+ Any mechanism of immune avoidance that does not directly interfere with the host immune system; for example, some viruses enter a state of latency where their protein production is drastically downregulated, meaning that they are not detected by the host immune system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active evasion of host immune response
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any mechanism of immune avoidance that directly affects the host immune system, e.g. blocking any stage in host MHC class I and II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ active immune evasion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host complement system
+
+
+ active immune evasion via regulation of host complement system
+ active immune evasion via modulation of host complement system
+ Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host complement system, e.g. by possessing complement receptors which mediate attachment to, then infection of, host macrophages, which are eventually destroyed. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host cytokine network
+
+
+ Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating host cytokine networks, e.g. by secreting proteins that mimic cytokine receptors that act to sequester host cytokines and inhibit action. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ active immune evasion via modulation of host cytokine network
+ active immune evasion via regulation of host cytokine network
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host antigen processing and presentation
+
+ Any mechanism of active immune avoidance which works by regulating the host's antigen processing or presentation pathways, e.g. by blocking any stage in MHC class II presentation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ active immune evasion via modulation of antigen processing and presentation
+ active immune evasion via modulation of antigen processing/presentation
+ biological_process
+ active evasion of host immune response via regulation of host antigen processing and presentation pathway
+ active immune evasion via regulation of antigen processing and presentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:236320
+ Reactome:211380
+ protein ubiquitylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ Reactome:285680
+ Reactome:174227
+ Reactome:244521
+ Reactome:262203
+ Reactome:211389
+ Reactome:262205
+ myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
+ Reactome:211384
+ Reactome:211382
+ Reactome:286337
+ Reactome:280277
+ Reactome:280278
+ Reactome:174195
+ Reactome:280275
+ Reactome:286333
+ Reactome:280273
+ Reactome:209560
+ Reactome:286335
+ protein ubiquitylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
+ Reactome:174057
+ Reactome:228104
+ protein ubiquitinylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+ Reactome:237850
+ protein degradation tagging activity
+ Reactome:237855
+ Reactome:221192
+ Reactome:219296
+ protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
+ Reactome:237848
+ protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
+ Reactome:268146
+ Reactome:268144
+ Reactome:237846
+ GO:0043432
+ protein ubiquitinylation during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
+ Reactome:221183
+ myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
+ Reactome:221185
+ Reactome:221187
+ Reactome:286340
+ Reactome:243467
+ Reactome:229832
+ Reactome:229823
+ Reactome:174104
+ Reactome:273811
+ Reactome:229825
+ Reactome:174144
+ Reactome:229827
+ myofibrillar protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
+ Reactome:273810
+ The process by which a ubiquitin moiety, or multiple moieties, are covalently attached to the target protein, thereby initiating the degradation of that protein.
+ Reactome:273124
+ Reactome:244516
+ Reactome:273808
+ Reactome:244514
+ Reactome:244512
+ Reactome:279606
+ Reactome:273806
+ Reactome:265030
+ protein ubiquitination during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polysomal ribosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ribosome bound to mRNA that forms part of a polysome.
+ active ribosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+ The synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II-specific promoter.
+ biological_process
+ mRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription of nuclear rRNA large RNA polymerase I transcript
+
+
+ The synthesis of the large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcript which encodes several rRNAs, e.g. in mammals 28S, 18S and 5.8S, from a nuclear DNA template.
+ biological_process
+ transcription of nuclear rRNA large Pol I transcript
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 5S class rRNA transcription
+
+
+ The synthesis of 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), or an equivalent rRNA, from a DNA template.
+ biological_process
+ 5S rRNA transcription
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA transcription from mitochondrial promoter
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from a mitochondrial DNA template.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription from plastid promoter
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis of RNA from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase.
+ plastid transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA transcription from plastid promoter
+
+
+ The synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from a plastid DNA template, usually by a specific plastid RNA polymerase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+ The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter.
+ biological_process
+ snRNA transcription from Pol II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+
+ snRNA transcription from Pol III promoter
+ The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+
+ tRNA transcription from Pol III promoter
+ The synthesis of transfer RNA (tRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), originating at a Pol III promoter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central vacuole
+
+ A membrane-enclosed sac that takes up most of the volume of a mature plant cell. Functions include storage, separation of toxic byproducts, and cell growth determination.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pheromone metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.
+ biological_process
+ pheromone metabolism
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pheromone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ pheromone formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.
+ pheromone biosynthesis
+ pheromone anabolism
+ pheromone synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pheromone catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ pheromone breakdown
+ pheromone degradation
+ GO:0046614
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pheromones, a substance that is secreted and released by an organism and detected by a second organism of the same or a closely related species, in which it causes a specific reaction, such as a definite behavioral reaction or a developmental process.
+ biological_process
+ pheromone catabolism
+ GO:0007327
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monopolar cell growth
+
+ monopolar cell elongation
+ Polarized growth from one end of a cell.
+ monopolar growth
+ polar cell elongation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bipolar cell growth
+
+ biological_process
+ bipolar growth
+ Simultaneous polarized growth from opposite ends of a cell.
+ polar cell elongation
+ bipolar cell elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin B6 metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ vitamin B6 metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin B6 compounds: pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxal metabolic process
+
+ pyridoxal metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxamine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 4-(aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, one of the vitamin B6 compounds. Pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine are collectively known as vitamin B6, and are efficiently converted to the biologically active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate.
+ pyridoxamine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin B6 biosynthetic process
+
+
+ vitamin B6 biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ vitamin B6 anabolism
+ vitamin B6 formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
+ vitamin B6 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin B6 catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any of the vitamin B6 compounds; pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine and the active form, pyridoxal phosphate.
+ vitamin B6 catabolism
+ vitamin B6 degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin B6 breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxal biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pyridoxal synthesis
+ biological_process
+ pyridoxal biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyridoxal anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, one of the vitamin B6 compounds.
+ pyridoxal formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxal phosphate metabolic process
+
+
+ active vitamin B6 metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyridoxal phosphate metabolism
+ active vitamin B6 metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ active vitamin B6 biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, pyridoxal phosphorylated at the hydroxymethyl group of C-5, the active form of vitamin B6.
+ pyridoxal phosphate anabolism
+ pyridoxal phosphate formation
+ pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ pyridoxal phosphate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ active vitamin B6 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHC class I peptide loading complex
+
+
+ A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that although this complex is located in the endoplasmic reticulum, there is some evidence that it may also be found in the Golgi.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TAP complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transporter associated with antigen presentation
+ A heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). Functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet dense granule
+
+ cellular_component
+ bull's eye body
+ platelet dense body
+ Electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to protozoan
+
+
+ Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a protozoan that act to protect the cell or organism.
+ defence response to pathogenic protozoa
+ biological_process
+ defence response to protozoa
+ defense response to protozoon
+ defence response to protozoon
+ defense response to pathogenic protozoa
+ defense response to protozoa
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-glucarate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate. D-glucarate is derived from either D-glucose or L-gulose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ saccharate metabolic process
+ D-glucarate metabolism
+ saccharate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-glucarate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ D-glucarate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-glucarate anabolism
+ D-glucarate biosynthesis
+ D-glucarate synthesis
+ saccharate biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.
+ saccharate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-glucarate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ saccharate catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate.
+ saccharate catabolism
+ D-glucarate degradation
+ D-glucarate catabolism
+ D-glucarate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-glucuronate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.
+ D-glucuronate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-glucuronate catabolic process
+
+
+ D-glucuronate breakdown
+ D-glucuronate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.
+ D-glucuronate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-glucuronate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ D-glucuronate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-glucuronate formation
+ D-glucuronate synthesis
+ D-glucuronate anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-xylose biosynthetic process
+
+ D-xylose biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ D-xylose anabolism
+ D-xylose synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.
+ D-xylose formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-xylose catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-xylose, a naturally occurring plant polysaccharide.
+ D-xylose breakdown
+ D-xylose degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-xylose catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycol metabolic process
+
+ glycol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycol, any of a class of alcohols having 2 hydroxyl groups in each molecule.
+ dihydric alcohol metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ dihydric alcohol metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ glycol synthesis
+ glycol biosynthesis
+ glycol formation
+ dihydric alcohol biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycol, any of a class of alcohols having 2 hydroxyl groups in each molecule.
+ dihydric alcohol biosynthesis
+ glycol anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycol catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycol, any of a class of alcohols having 2 hydroxyl groups in each molecule.
+ biological_process
+ dihydric alcohol catabolism
+ glycol breakdown
+ glycol catabolism
+ glycol degradation
+ dihydric alcohol catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorbose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ sorbose formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ sorbose biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.
+ sorbose anabolism
+ sorbose synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorbose catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sorbose, the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. Sorbose is produced commercially by fermentation and is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of ascorbic acid.
+ sorbose degradation
+ sorbose breakdown
+ sorbose catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-sorbose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ L-sorbose synthesis
+ L-sorbose biosynthesis
+ L-sorbose formation
+ L-sorbose anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose. L-sorbose is formed by bacterial oxidation of sorbitol.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-sorbose catabolic process
+
+
+ L-sorbose breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-sorbose, the L-enantiomer of the ketohexose xylo-2-hexulose.
+ biological_process
+ L-sorbose degradation
+ L-sorbose catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-alanine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ L-alanine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-alanine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ L-alanine anabolism
+ L-alanine synthesis
+ L-alanine formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
+ L-alanine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-alanine catabolic process
+
+
+ L-alanine degradation
+ L-alanine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ L-alanine breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-alanine, the L-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eugenol metabolic process
+
+ eugenol metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ eugenic acid metabolic process
+ 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol metabolism
+ eugenic acid metabolism
+ 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eugenol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ eugenol formation
+ eugenol synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ eugenol anabolism
+ eugenol biosynthesis
+ eugenic acid biosynthetic process
+ 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol biosynthesis
+ eugenic acid biosynthesis
+ 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eugenol catabolic process
+
+
+ 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol catabolism
+ eugenic acid catabolism
+ eugenol breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eugenol, a colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon (C10H12O2) found in clove oil.
+ eugenol degradation
+ 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ eugenic acid catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ eugenol catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chrysobactin metabolic process
+
+ chrysobactin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chrysobactin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ chrysobactin synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).
+ chrysobactin biosynthesis
+ chrysobactin formation
+ GO:0031183
+ gosubset_prok
+ chrysobactin anabolism
+ GO:0031184
+ biological_process
+ chrysobactin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
+ chrysobactin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chrysobactin catabolic process
+
+
+ chrysobactin degradation
+ biological_process
+ chrysobactin breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ chrysobactin catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ achromobactin metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ achromobactin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ achromobactin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ achromobactin formation
+ achromobactin biosynthesis
+ achromobactin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.
+ achromobactin anabolism
+ achromobactin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
+ achromobactin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0031181
+ GO:0031182
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ achromobactin catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore.
+ biological_process
+ achromobactin breakdown
+ achromobactin degradation
+ achromobactin catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyochelin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ pyochelin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyochelin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pyochelin biosynthesis
+ pyochelin anabolism
+ pyochelin formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyochelin biosynthetic process, peptide modification
+ GO:0031187
+ pyochelin synthesis
+ GO:0031188
+ pyochelin biosynthetic process, peptide formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyochelin catabolic process
+
+
+ pyochelin catabolism
+ pyochelin breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the siderochrome pyochelin (2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid).
+ pyochelin degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyruvate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ pyruvate biosynthesis
+ pyruvate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
+ pyruvate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyruvate, 2-oxopropanoate.
+ pyruvate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ pyruvate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyruvate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antisense RNA metabolic process
+
+ antisense RNA metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldarate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of aldarate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-glucarate transport
+
+ The directed movement of D-glucarate, the D-enantiomer of glucarate, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-galactarate transport
+
+ The directed movement of D-galactarate into, out of, within or between cells. D-galactarate is the D-enantiomer of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-galactarate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ D-galactarate biosynthesis
+ D-galactarate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-galactarate formation
+ D-galactarate anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-galactarate, the D-enantiomer of the anion of galactaric acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldonate transport
+
+ The directed movement of aldonate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-glucuronate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of D-glucuronate, the D-enantiomer of glucuronate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-galactonate transport
+
+ The directed movement of D-galactonate, the D-enantiomer of galactonate, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-arabinose transport
+
+ The directed movement of L-arabinose, the L-enantiomer of arabinose, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cysteine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ L-cysteine transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of cysteine into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microcin transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of microcin, a class of glycine-rich, bactericidal peptides (antibiotics) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microcin B17 transport
+
+ The directed movement of microcin B17, a bactericidal peptide (antibiotic) produced by some enteric bacteria, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amide transport
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ The directed movement of an amide, any compound containing one, two, or three acyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-phenylpropionic acid transport
+
+ HCA transport
+ hydrocinnamic acid transport
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 3-phenylpropionate transport
+ The directed movement of 3-phenylpropionic acid into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antibiotic transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of an antibiotic, a substance produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloramphenicol transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polymyxin transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of polymyxin, any of a group of related antibiotics produced by Bacillus polymyxa and active against most Gram-negative bacteria, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fosmidomycin transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of fosmidomycin, a phosphonic acid derivative with potent activity against Gram-negative organisms, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabinose polymer transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of an arabinose polymer, a repeating chain of arabinose monomers, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-threonyl-pentaglycyl-murein
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal threonine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.
+ RESID:AA0345
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ 9-cis-retinoic acid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.
+ 9-cis-retinoic acid synthesis
+ 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthesis
+ 9-cis-retinoic acid anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 9-cis-retinoic acid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ 9-cis-retinoic acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 9-cis-retinoic acid, a metabolically active vitamin A derivative.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthine transport
+
+ The directed movement of xanthine into, out of, within or between cells. Xanthine (2,6-dihydroxypurine) is a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine, but is not present in nucleic acids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xenobiotic transport
+
+ The directed movement of a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to living organisms, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acridine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of acridine (10-azaanthracene), a heterocyclic ring compound found in crude coal-tar anthracene, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colicin transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a colicin into, out of, within or between cells. Colicins are a group of antibiotics produced by E. coli and related species that are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ group A colicin transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of group A colicins (colicins E1, E2, E3, A, K, and N) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkylphosphonate transport
+
+ The directed movement of an alkylphosphonate into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkanesulfonate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of an alkanesulfonate into, out of, within or between cells. Alkanesulfonates are organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.
+ gosubset_prok
+ alkanesulphonate transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ benzoate transport
+
+ The directed movement of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transport
+
+ m-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid transport
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid into, out of, within or between cells.
+ 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway
+
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a glucocorticoid binding to its receptor.
+ biological_process
+ glucocorticoid receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferrichrome transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a ferrichrome into, out of, within or between cells. Ferrichromes are any of a group of growth-promoting Fe(III) chelates formed by various genera of microfungi. They are homodetic cyclic hexapeptides made up of a tripeptide of glycine (or other small neutral amino acids) and a tripeptide of an N'acyl-N4-hydroxy-L-ornithine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterobactin transport
+
+ enterochelin transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of the siderochrome enterobactin, a cyclic trimer of 2, 3 dihydroxybenzoylserine into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chrysobactin transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of the siderophore chrysobactin (alpha-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-D-lysyl-L-serine) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ achromobactin transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of achromobactin, a citrate siderophore, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dipeptide transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a dipeptide, a combination of two amino acids by means of a peptide (-CO-NH-) link, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tripeptide transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a tripeptide, a compound containing three amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-amino acid transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of the D-enantiomer of an amino acid into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-alanine transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of 2-aminopropanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-serine transport
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucoside transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of glucosides into, out of, within or between cells. Glucosides are glycosides in which the sugar moiety is a glucose residue.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salicin transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of salicin (saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside), a glucoside of o-hydroxybenzylalcohol, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arbutin transport
+
+ The directed movement of arbutin, a glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-ketoadipate pathway
+
+ ortho-cleavage pathway
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A pathway of aromatic compound degradation by ortho-cleavage; one branch converts protocatechuate, derived from phenolic compounds, to beta-ketoadipate, and the other branch converts catechol, generated from various aromatic hydrocarbons, amino aromatics, and lignin monomers, also to beta-ketoadipate. Two additional steps accomplish the conversion of beta-ketoadipate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoprotein transport
+
+ The directed movement of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein moiety consists of a lipid or lipids, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dextrin transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of dextrin, any one, or the mixture, of the intermediate polysaccharides formed during the hydrolysis of starch, which are dextrorotatory, soluble in water, and precipitable in alcohol, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maltodextrin transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of maltodextrin, any polysaccharide of glucose residues in beta-(1,4) linkage, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phage assembly
+
+ bacteriophage assembly
+ A late phase of bacteriophage replication during which all the components necessary for the formation of a mature virion collect at a particular site in the bacterial cell and the basic structure of the virus particle is formed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thioredoxin biosynthetic process
+
+ thioredoxin formation
+ thioredoxin anabolism
+ thioredoxin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thioredoxin, a small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a general protein disulfide oxidoreductase.
+ thioredoxin synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutaredoxin biosynthetic process
+
+ glutaredoxin synthesis
+ glutaredoxin formation
+ glutaredoxin biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a small disulfide-containing redox protein that serves as a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glutaredoxin anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biotin carboxyl carrier protein biosynthetic process
+
+ biotin carboxyl carrier protein synthesis
+ biological_process
+ biotin carboxyl carrier protein biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ BCCP biosynthetic process
+ biotin carboxyl carrier protein formation
+ biotin carboxyl carrier protein anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the biotin carboxyl carrier protein, a subunit of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase.
+ BCCP biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acyl-carrier-protein biosynthetic process
+
+ biological_process
+ acyl carrier protein biosynthetic process
+ acyl-carrier-protein synthesis
+ acyl-carrier protein biosynthesis
+ ACP biosynthetic process
+ acyl-carrier-protein formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ ACP biosynthesis
+ acyl carrier protein biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-carrier protein.
+ acyl-carrier-protein anabolism
+ acyl-carrier-protein biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homoserine transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of homoserine, alpha-amino-gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cystathionine, threonine and methionine, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactone transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of lactone, any of a series of organic compounds, regarded as anhydrides of certain hydroxy acids, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of Janus kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of JAK protein
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) protein, thereby activating it.
+ activation of JAK protein by tyrosine phosphorylation
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of JAK protein activity by tyrosine phosphorylation
+ tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of JAK2 kinase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2 protein
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a JAK2 (Janus Activated Kinase 2) protein, thereby activating it.
+ activation of JAK2 protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis.
+ apoptosis regulator activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amyloid precursor protein metabolic process
+
+ APP metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ amyloid precursor protein metabolism
+ APP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+
+
+ amyloid precursor protein anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.
+ amyloid precursor protein synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ APP biosynthesis
+ amyloid precursor protein formation
+ amyloid precursor protein biosynthesis
+ APP biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of amyloid precursor protein formation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of APP biosynthetic process
+ regulation of amyloid precursor protein anabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid.
+ regulation of amyloid precursor protein synthesis
+ regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthesis
+ regulation of APP biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of APP biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein synthesis
+ down regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid.
+ downregulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of amyloid precursor protein formation
+ negative regulation of APP biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein formation
+ positive regulation of APP biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein synthesis
+ positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein anabolism
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+ activation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of APP biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthesis
+ stimulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amyloid precursor protein catabolic process
+
+
+ amyloid precursor protein catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease.
+ amyloid precursor protein degradation
+ APP catabolism
+ amyloid precursor protein breakdown
+ APP catabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sequestering of actin monomers
+
+
+ storage of actin monomers
+ actin monomer retention
+ biological_process
+ actin monomer sequestering activity
+ actin monomer storage
+ retention of actin monomers
+ The selective interaction of actin monomers with specific molecules that inhibit their polymerization by preventing their access to other monomers.
+ actin monomer sequestration
+ sequestration of actin monomers
+ actin monomer sequestering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription factor import into cell nucleus
+ regulation of transcription factor transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
+ regulation of transcription factor-nucleus import
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor import into nucleus
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
+ transcription factor-nucleus import
+ transcription factor import into cell nucleus
+ transcription factor transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
+ negative regulation of transcription factor transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ negative regulation of transcription factor import into cell nucleus
+ downregulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
+ negative regulation of transcription factor-nucleus import
+ inhibition of transcription factor import into nucleus
+ down-regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
+ stimulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
+ positive regulation of transcription factor-nucleus import
+ positive regulation of transcription factor transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a transcription factor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of transcription factor import into cell nucleus
+ activation of transcription factor import into nucleus
+ up regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
+ up-regulation of transcription factor import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor
+
+
+ The selective interaction of a transcription factor with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus.
+ sequestering of transcription factor in cytoplasm
+ cytoplasmic sequestration of transcription factor
+ maintenance of transcription factor protein location in cytoplasm
+ retention of transcription factor in cytoplasm
+ biological_process
+ cytoplasmic storage of transcription factor
+ storage of transcription factor in cytoplasm
+ sequestration of transcription factor in cytoplasm
+ transcription factor binding, cytoplasmic sequestering
+ cytoplasmic retention of transcription factor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell projection
+
+ cellular_component
+ A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+ down-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
+ down regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+ inhibition of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+ activation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+ up regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the transport of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
+ up-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+ upregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
+ Golgi to plasma membrane cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane in transport vesicles that move from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+ down regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+ downregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
+ down-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+ activation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transport of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein from the Golgi to the plasma membrane.
+ upregulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+ up regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of Golgi to plasma membrane CFTR protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic sequestering of CFTR protein
+
+
+ sequestering of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein) in cytoplasm
+ The selective interaction of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport to the cell membrane.
+ cytoplasmic storage of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein
+ cytoplasmic sequestering of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein
+ cytoplasmic retention of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein
+ cytoplasmic sequestration of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein)
+ storage of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein in cytoplasm
+ maintenance of CFTR protein location in cytoplasm
+ sequestration of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein) in cytoplasm
+ retention of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein in cytoplasm
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron projection
+
+ goslim_pir
+ neurite
+ cellular_component
+ neuronal cell projection
+ A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phospholipase A2 activity by calcium-mediated signaling
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of phospholipase A2 activity by calcium-mediated signalling
+ calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activation
+ A series of molecular signals that leads to the upregulation of calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity in response to the signal.
+ calcium-dependent activation of phospholipase A2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of rDNA
+
+ rDNA maintenance
+ ribosomal DNA maintenance
+ Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of rDNA repeats.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chordate embryonic development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo over time, from zygote formation through a stage including a notochord and neural tube until birth or egg hatching.
+ embryonic development (sensu Vertebrata)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ camera-type eye development
+
+ eye development (sensu Actinopterygii)
+ GO:0031075
+ eye development (sensu Vertebrata)
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.
+ GO:0001747
+ eye development (sensu Mammalia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myeloid dendritic cell differentiation
+
+
+ Langerhans cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sperm-oocyte fusion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the binding and fusion of a sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
+ inhibition of sperm-oocyte fusion
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of sperm-oocyte fusion
+ inhibition of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
+ Any process that stops or prevents the binding and fusion of a sperm to the oocyte plasma membrane.
+ down-regulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
+ downregulation of fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthesis
+ regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha biosynthetic process
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta biosynthesis
+ regulation of TNF-beta biosynthesis
+ regulation of LTA biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
+ regulation of lymphotoxin A formation
+ regulation of TNF-B biosynthesis
+ regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta biosynthetic process
+ regulation of lymphotoxin A anabolism
+ regulation of TNF-beta biosynthetic process
+ regulation of TNF-B biosynthetic process
+ regulation of lymphotoxin A synthesis
+ regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha biosynthesis
+ regulation of LTA biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of TNF-beta biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of lymphotoxin A anabolism
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of lymphotoxin A formation
+ positive regulation of LTA biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TNF-beta biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TNF-B biosynthetic process
+ activation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of LTA biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
+ positive regulation of lymphotoxin A synthesis
+ positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha biosynthesis
+ stimulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TNF-B biosynthesis
+ up regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthesis
+ inhibition of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of LTA biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of lymphotoxin A synthesis
+ negative regulation of LTA biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of TNF-B biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of lymphotoxin A biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of TNF-beta biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of lymphotoxin A anabolism
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of lymphotoxin A formation
+ negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-beta biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of lymphotoxin-alpha biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of TNF-B biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of TNF-beta biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cytokine lymphotoxin A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NADPH oxidase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavocytochrome b558
+ respiratory-burst oxidase
+ cellular_component
+ A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell soma
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
+ Wikipedia:Soma_(biology)
+ cell body
+ Note that 'cell body' and 'cell soma' are not used in the literature for cells that lack projections, nor for some cells (e.g. yeast with mating projections) that do have projections.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell homeostasis
+
+ T-lymphocyte homeostasis
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term represents the return of T cell levels to stable numbers following an immune response as well as the proliferation and elimination of T cells required to maintain stable numbers in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+ The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
+ T lymphocyte homeostasis
+ T-cell homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of macrophage activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of macrophage activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of macrophage activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of macrophage activation
+ down-regulation of macrophage activation
+ down regulation of macrophage activation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of macrophage activation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of macrophage activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of macrophage activation
+ upregulation of macrophage activation
+ activation of macrophage activation
+ Any process that stimulates, induces or increases the rate of macrophage activation.
+ up regulation of macrophage activation
+ up-regulation of macrophage activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoamylase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ debranching enzyme complex
+ A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram-negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages.
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ costamere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Costamere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ starch grain
+
+ cellular_component
+ starch granule
+ Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid activation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of an amino acid to an active form, for incorporation into a peptide, protein or other macromolecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ tRNA charging
+ The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, usually catalyzed by the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA ligase. A given aminoacyl-tRNA ligase aminoacylates all species of an isoaccepting group of tRNA molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide synthesis
+ tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide anabolism
+ tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis
+ tRNA aminoacylation for nonribosomal peptide formation
+ The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in nonribosomal peptide synthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid activation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ nonribosomal amino acid activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid adenylylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase
+
+ amino acid adenylation by NRPS
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ amino acid adenylation by nonribosomal peptide synthase
+ Activation of an amino acid for incorporation into a peptide by a nonribosomal process, catalyzed by subunits of nonribosomal peptide synthase. The amino acid is adenylated at its carboxylate group (ATP-dependent) then transferred to the thiol group of an enzyme-bound phosphopantetheine cofactor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptide anabolism
+ peptide biosynthesis
+ peptide synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide.
+ peptide formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling
+
+ ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling
+ Dynamic structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin that require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP, ranging from local changes necessary for transcriptional regulation to global changes necessary for chromosome segregation, mediated by ATP-dependent chromatin-remodelling factors.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA methylation during embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine during embryogenesis, when DNA methylation patterns are established.
+ biological_process
+ de novo DNA methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA methylation during gametogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The covalent transfer of a methyl group to C-5 of cytosine during gamete generation, when DNA methylation patterns are established.
+ de novo DNA methylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dolichyl monophosphate biosynthetic process
+
+ dolichyl monophosphate formation
+ dolichyl monophosphate biosynthesis
+ dolichyl monophosphate anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dolichyl diphosphate, a phosphorylated dolichol derivative.
+ biological_process
+ dolichyl monophosphate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ otic placode formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The initial developmental process that will lead to the formation of the vertebrate inner ear. The otic placode forms as a thickening of the head ectoderm adjacent to the developing hindbrain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pharyngeal pumping
+
+ The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes.
+ biological_process
+ pumping behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pharyngeal pumping
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediates feeding in nematodes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thermotaxis
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Thermotaxis
+ taxis in response to temperature stimulus
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dauer entry
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Entry into the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
+ nematode entry into dormancy
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dauer exit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exit from nematode dormancy
+ Exit from the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of dauer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of dormancy in the nematode
+ Maintenance of a nematode during the facultative diapause of the dauer (enduring) larval stage of nematode development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forward locomotion
+
+ Anterior movement of an organism, following the direction of the head of the animal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ backward locomotion
+
+ biological_process
+ Posterior movement of an organism, e.g. following the direction of the tail of an animal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of backward locomotion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the posterior movement of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of forward locomotion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the speed, mechanical force, or rhythm of the anterior movement of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic metaphase I plate congression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis I.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic metaphase II plate congression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis II.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular structure organization
+
+ extracellular structure organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
+ goslim_pir
+ extracellular structure organisation and biogenesis
+ goslim_goa
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intercellular bridge organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the intracellular bridge. An intracellular bridge is a direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another.
+ intercellular bridge organisation and biogenesis
+ intercellular bridge organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellum organization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ flagellum organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a flagellum, a long thin projection from a cell, used in movement.
+ flagellum organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of apoptosis
+ up-regulation of apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of apoptosis
+ upregulation of apoptosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis.
+ stimulation of apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of apoptosis
+ down-regulation of apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis.
+ down regulation of apoptosis
+ inhibition of apoptosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
+ regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death
+ GO:0043070
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0043071
+ positive regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death
+ stimulation of programmed cell death
+ activation of programmed cell death
+ upregulation of programmed cell death
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of programmed cell death
+ up regulation of programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
+ down-regulation of programmed cell death
+ GO:0043072
+ inhibition of programmed cell death
+ down regulation of programmed cell death
+ downregulation of programmed cell death
+ negative regulation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ cell nucleus
+
+ cellular_component
+ The nucleus of a germ cell, a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes, and its descendents.
+ germ-cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megasporocyte nucleus
+
+ cellular_component
+ The nucleus of a megasporocyte, a diploid cell that undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, and its descendents.
+ megaspore mother cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initiation of acetate catabolic process
+
+ The activation of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
+ initiation of acetate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ initiation of acetate catabolism
+ initiation of acetate degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polar nucleus
+
+ Either of two nuclei located centrally in a flowering plant embryo sac that eventually fuse to form the endosperm nucleus.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antipodal cell nucleus
+
+ cellular_component
+ The nucleus of an antipodal cell, one of three cells of the embryo sac in angiosperms, found at the chalazal end of the embryo away from the point of entry of the pollen tube, and its descendents.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megagametophyte egg cell nucleus
+
+ cellular_component
+ The nucleus of a plant egg cell, the female gamete, at the micropylar end of the embryo and its descendents.
+ egg cell nucleus (sensu Viridiplantae)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic cleft
+
+
+ The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ penile erection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
+ Wikipedia:Erection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of catalytic activity
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
+ up regulation of enzyme activity
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of enzyme activity
+ positive regulation of enzyme activity
+ upregulation of enzyme activity
+ up-regulation of enzyme activity
+ activation of enzyme activity
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of catalytic activity
+
+
+ down regulation of enzyme activity
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of enzyme activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of enzyme activity
+ inhibition of enzyme activity
+ down-regulation of enzyme activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of GTPase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Cdc42 GTPase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the activity of the GTPase Cdc42.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Cdc42 GTPase activity
+
+
+ stimulation of Cdc42 GTPase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of the GTPase Cdc42.
+ upregulation of Cdc42 GTPase activity
+ up-regulation of Cdc42 GTPase activity
+ up regulation of Cdc42 GTPase activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid import
+
+
+ biological_process
+ amino acid uptake
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of amino acids into a cell or organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-arginine import
+
+
+ L-arginine uptake
+ The directed movement of L-arginine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid, into a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-amino acid import
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of L-enantiomer amino acids into a cell or organelle.
+ L-amino acid uptake
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ binary fission
+
+
+ A process in which two similarly sized and shaped cells are formed by the division of one cell, the process by which most bacteria reproduce.
+ Wikipedia:Binary_fission
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular metabolic compound salvage
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ Any process which produces a useful metabolic compound from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis, as carried out by individual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine base salvage
+
+
+ Any process that generates purine bases, one of the two classes of nitrogen-containing ring compounds found in DNA and RNA, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside salvage
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that generates a pyrimidine nucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose, from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside salvage
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process which produces a purine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside salvage
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that generates a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine base salvage
+
+ Any process that generates pyrimidine bases, 1,3-diazine organic nitrogenous bases, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine salvage
+
+
+ Any process that generates a purine, any nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide or nucleic acid that contains a purine base, from derivatives of them without de novo synthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid salvage
+
+
+ Any process which produces an amino acid from derivatives of it, without de novo synthesis.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoxanthine salvage
+
+
+ Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+ guanine, xanthine and their nucleoside salvage
+ gosubset_prok
+ adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleoside salvage
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+
+
+ up-regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+ upregulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+ activation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+ stimulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+ downregulation of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme GTP cyclohydrolase I.
+ inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type IV pilus-dependent motility
+
+ Any process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell which is dependent on the presence of type IV pili. Includes social gliding motility and twitching motility.
+ TFP-dependent movement
+ TFP-dependent motility
+ social gliding motility
+ type four pilus-dependent motility
+ type 4 pilus-dependent motility
+ twitching motility
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pilus retraction
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of withdrawing a pilus back into a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication fork arrest
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication by impeding the progress of the DNA replication fork.
+ replication fork blocking
+ gosubset_prok
+ replication fork stalling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ receptor metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor clustering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Grouping of a set of receptors at a cellular location, often to amplify the sensitivity of a signaling response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vascular permeability
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of vascular permeability
+
+ down-regulation of vascular permeability
+ down regulation of vascular permeability
+ downregulation of vascular permeability
+ biological_process
+ Any process that reduces the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
+ inhibition of vascular permeability
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of vascular permeability
+
+ activation of vascular permeability
+ upregulation of vascular permeability
+ stimulation of vascular permeability
+ up regulation of vascular permeability
+ Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
+ up-regulation of vascular permeability
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates an I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB induced cascade.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB induced cascade.
+ upregulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+ up regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+ activation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+ downregulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB induced cascade.
+ down regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+ down-regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+
+ regulation of PI4K activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+
+
+ negative regulation of PI4K activity
+ inhibition of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+ down-regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+ downregulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+ down regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+
+
+ activation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+ upregulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+ up-regulation of 1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase activity
+ positive regulation of PI4K activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ surfactant homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an equilibrium of the surface-active lipoprotein mixture which coats the alveoli.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which nucleated precursor cells lose their nucleus during erythrocyte maturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NAD transport
+
+ biological_process
+ oxidized NAD transport
+ oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transport
+ reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transport
+ reduced NAD transport
+ NAD (oxidized) transport
+ NADH transport
+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide transport
+ The directed movement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide into, out of, within or between cells; transport may be of either the oxidized form, NAD, or the reduced form, NADH.
+ NAD (reduced) transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hindgut contraction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the hindgut. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The hindgut is the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hindgut contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication, removal of RNA primer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Okazaki initiator RNA removal
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Removal of the Okazaki RNA primer from the lagging strand of replicating DNA, by a combination of the actions of DNA polymerase, DNA helicase and an endonuclease.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translational machinery localization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ establishment and maintenance of translational machinery localization
+ translational protein localization
+ establishment and maintenance of translational protein localization
+ Any process by which proteins and protein complexes involved in translation are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snoRNA processing
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the conversion of a primary small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) transcript into a mature snoRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snoRNA 3'-end cleavage
+
+ biological_process
+ The endonucleolytic cleavage of snoRNA 3' ends, which is required for mature snoRNAs to be functional.
+ snoRNA 3' end cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle stabilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of the spindle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic spindle stabilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby spindle integrity is maintained during M phase of meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic spindle stabilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby spindle integrity is maintained during M phase of mitosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stress fiber formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short
+actin filaments with alternating polarity.
+ stress fibre biosynthesis
+ stress fibre formation
+ actin cable assembly
+ actin cable formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA synthesis during double-strand break repair via homologous recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The synthesis of DNA during the process of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA synthesis during double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The synthesis of DNA during the process of double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of bacterial agglutination
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which infecting bacteria are clumped together by a host organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of caspase activity
+
+
+ GO:0001719
+ negative regulation of caspase activation
+ down-regulation of caspase activity
+ inhibition of caspase activity
+ downregulation of caspase activity
+ down regulation of caspase activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of caspase activity.
+ inhibition of caspase activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
+ down regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.
+ down-regulation of photosynthesis, light reaction
+ inhibition of photosynthesis, light reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin remodeling in response to cation stress
+
+
+
+ Structural changes to eukaryotic chromatin occurring as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cation stress
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of cation stress, an increase or decrease in the concentration of positively charged ions in the environment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterocyst differentiation
+
+ heterocyst biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ heterocyst cell differentiation
+ heterocyst formation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a heterocyst, a differentiated cell in certain cyanobacteria whose purpose is to fix nitrogen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acrosomal matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acrosomal lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed within the acrosome membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+
+ proteasomal processing
+ proteasome pathway
+ proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown
+ Reactome:266988
+ proteasomal pathway
+ Reactome:216650
+ Reactome:271929
+ Reactome:174255
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
+ Reactome:234184
+ Reactome:284842
+ Reactome:225535
+ proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism
+ Reactome:277894
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:207085
+ proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation
+ Reactome:261013
+ Reactome:241911
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway
+
+ ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway
+ ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown via the multivesicular body pathway
+ ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.
+ biological_process
+ ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation via the multivesicular body pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell envelope organization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the cell envelope, everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.
+ goslim_pir
+ cell envelope organisation and biogenesis
+ cell envelope organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Gram-negative-bacterium-type cell wall biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall assembly (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ cell wall synthesis (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ cell wall synthesis (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ cell wall formation (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ 1-2nm peptidoglycan-based cell wall biogenesis
+ cell wall formation (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ cell wall anabolism (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ cell wall biosynthetic process (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ cell wall assembly (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ cell wall biosynthetic process (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ cell wall anabolism (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall biosynthesis (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell outer membrane assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ outer membrane biogenesis (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ outer membrane biogenesis (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ cell outer membrane biogenesis
+ The assembly of an outer membrane, a lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the cell envelope typical of Gram-negative bacteria, which is enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macromolecule metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_goa
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
+ macromolecule metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide catabolic process
+
+
+ peptide catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptide breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another.
+ biological_process
+ peptide degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferredoxin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ferredoxin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ ferredoxin synthesis
+ ferredoxin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ferredoxin, any simple, nonenzymatic iron-sulfur protein that is characterized by having equal numbers of atoms of iron and labile sulfur. Iron and sulfur atoms are present in one or two clusters of two or four atoms of each.
+ ferredoxin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide salvage
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Nucleotide_salvage
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process which produces a nucleotide, a compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the glycose moiety, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside salvage
+
+ Any process which produces a nucleotide, a nucleobase linked to either beta-D-ribofuranose (ribonucleoside) or 2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose (a deoxyribonucleotide), from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhythmic excitation
+
+ Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous excitatory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhythmic inhibition
+
+ Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous inhibitory synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar sequestering
+
+ The process of transporting a substance into, and confining within, a vacuole.
+ retention in vacuole
+ vacuolar storage
+ sequestration in vacuole
+ biological_process
+ storage in vacuole
+ vacuolar retention
+ vacuolar sequestration
+ sequestering in vacuole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar sequestering of sodium ion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar sodium ion (Na+) retention
+ biological_process
+ sequestering of sodium ion (Na+) in vacuole
+ sequestration of sodium ion (Na+) in vacuole
+ sodium ion (Na+) retention in vacuole
+ The process of transporting sodium ions into, and confining within, a vacuole.
+ vacuolar sodium ion (Na+) storage
+ vacuolar sequestering of sodium ion (Na+)
+ vacuolar sequestration of sodium ion (Na+)
+ sodium ion (Na+) storage in vacuole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ P granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A small cytoplasmic, non-membranous RNA/protein complex aggregates in the primordial germ cells of many higher eukaryotes.
+ GO:0018994
+ polar granule
+ nuage
+ cellular_component
+ germline granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell septum surface
+
+ septum surface
+ cellular_component
+ The extracellular (rather than the intracellular) exterior of a dividing septum; this surface is usually composed of cell wall material, for example, lineal (1,3)-beta-D-glucan in S. pombe.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell septum edging
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septum edging
+ septum edging (sensu Fungi)
+ The cell wall material that surrounds the septum in fungal cells.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multisubunit complex that catalyzes the acetylation of histones H4 and H2A.
+ H4/H2A HAT complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter activity
+ A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In Bacteria and Archaebacteria, ABC transporters also include substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cytoplasm and deliver it to the transporter.
+ ABC-type efflux permease activity
+ mating pheromone exporter
+ GO:0043192
+ ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex (sensu Bacteria and Archaea)
+ ABC-type uptake permease activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ ABC-type efflux porter activity
+ GO:0043191
+ ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gene-specific transcription
+
+
+ up regulation of gene-specific transcription
+ activation of gene-specific transcription
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the DNA-dependent transcription of a specific gene or genes.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of gene-specific transcription
+ up-regulation of gene-specific transcription
+ stimulation of gene-specific transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initial segment
+
+ Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terminal button
+
+ cellular_component
+ bouton
+ synaptic bouton
+ presynaptic bouton
+ Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ varicosity
+
+ Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendritic spine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Dendritic_spine
+ cellular_component
+ Protrusion from a dendrite. Spines are specialised subcellular compartments involved in the synaptic transmission. They are linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Because of their bulb shape, they function as a biochemical and an electrical compartment. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendritic shaft
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to amino acid stimulus
+
+
+ response to amino acid
+ GO:0010237
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an amino acid stimulus. An amino acid is a carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to leucine
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leucine stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosomal lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon hillock
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Axon_hillock
+ Portion of the neuronal cell soma from which the axon originates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perikaryon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell soma cytoplasm
+ The portion of the cell soma (cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibril
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Extracellular matrix material consisting of polysaccharides and protein.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibril organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of fibrils, extracellular matrix material consisting of polysaccharides and protein.
+ fibril organization and biogenesis
+ fibril organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to external biotic stimulus
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external biotic stimulus, an external stimulus caused by, or produced by living things.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelin sheath
+
+ Wikipedia:Myelin
+ cellular_component
+ An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bacteriocin transport
+
+ The directed movement of a bacteriocin into, out of, within or between cells. Bacteriocins are a group of antibiotics produced by bacteria and are encoded by a group of naturally occurring plasmids, e.g. Col E1. Bacteriocins are toxic to bacteria closely related to the bacteriocin producing strain.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ daunorubicin transport
+
+ The directed movement of daunorubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or S. peucetius and used as an antineoplastic into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelin maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of preserving the structure and function of mature myelin. This includes maintaining the compact structure of myelin necessary for its electrical insulating characteristics as well as the structure of non-compact regions such as Schmidt-Lantermann clefts and paranodal loops. This does not include processes responsible for maintaining the nodes of Ranvier, which are not part of the myelin sheath.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compact myelin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral loop
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Schmidt-Lanterman cleft
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman clefts occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SMC/kleisin ring complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A molecular ring complex composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1 and Smc3, and the kleisin protein Scc1.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
+ cytoplasmic SCF complex
+ cellular_component
+ cytoplasmic Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein complex
+ cytoplasmic cullin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+
+ nuclear SCF complex
+ cellular_component
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
+ nuclear cullin complex
+ nuclear Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle
+
+ Wikipedia:Organelle
+ goslim_pir
+ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_generic
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane-bounded organelle
+
+ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ membrane-enclosed organelle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-membrane-bounded organelle
+
+ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ non-membrane-enclosed organelle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular organelle
+
+
+ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular organelle
+
+
+ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ intracellular membrane-enclosed organelle
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
+ gosubset_prok
+ intracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle lumen
+
+
+ The internal volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle; includes the volume enclosed by a single organelle membrane, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the volume enclosed by the innermost of the two lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope, e.g. nuclear lumen.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein complex
+
+ Wikipedia:Protein_complex
+ Note that although at some level almost all cellular components can be thought of as protein complexes, this term is intended to exclude structures composed of the same repeating subunit or subunits, for example microtubules. Protein complexes encompassed by this term are generally not structural, and usually have a defined set of subunits.
+ Any macromolecular complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or carbohydrate groups.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_generic
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein-protein complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptor complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex
+
+
+ A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.
+ FA complex
+ FA nuclear complex
+ cellular_component
+ Fanconi anaemia complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein complex disassembly
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein complex disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of protein complex disassembly
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
+ inhibition of protein complex disassembly
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of protein complex disassembly
+ downregulation of protein complex disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein complex disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of protein complex disassembly
+ up-regulation of protein complex disassembly
+ stimulation of protein complex disassembly
+ activation of protein complex disassembly
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
+ upregulation of protein complex disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein complex disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extraorganismal space
+
+ The environmental space outside of an organism; this may be a host organism in the case of parasitic and symbiotic organisms.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ megasome
+
+ Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage
+
+
+ Any process that occur in response to the presence of critically short telomeres.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome assembly
+
+ 26S proteasome assembly
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active proteasome complex.
+ proteasome maturation
+ proteasome complex assembly
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythrocyte maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RBC maturation
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state.
+ biological_process
+ red blood cell maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sodium-dependent organic anion transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed, sodium-dependent, movement of organic anions into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sodium-independent organic anion transport
+
+ The directed, sodium-independent, movement of organic anions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast ribosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ribosome contained within a chloroplast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of carbohydrate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of carbohydrate biosynthesis
+ regulation of carbohydrate anabolism
+ regulation of carbohydrate formation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of carbohydrate synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbohydrates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-8 complex
+
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-9 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha4, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-10 complex
+
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta1 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-11 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha5, beta2 and gamma1 polypeptide chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ laminin-12 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A laminin complex composed of alpha2, beta1 and gamma3 polypeptide chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellulosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ An extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing up to 11 different enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding glycoprotein. Functions to hydrolyze cellulose.
+ Wikipedia:Cellulosome
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ extracellular non-membrane-enclosed organelle
+ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectoplasm
+
+ Granule free cytoplasm, lying immediately below the plasma membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of potassium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of potassium conductance
+ regulation of K+ transport
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of potassium ion conductance
+ regulation of potassium transport
+ regulation of K+ conductance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of potassium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of K+ conductance
+ transmembrane conductance regulator activity
+ regulation of potassium conductance
+ down-regulation of potassium ion transport
+ negative regulation of potassium ion conductance
+ negative regulation of potassium transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ down regulation of potassium ion transport
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of potassium ion transport
+ downregulation of potassium ion transport
+ negative regulation of K+ transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of potassium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of potassium ion conductance
+ upregulation of potassium ion transport
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of K+ transport
+ stimulation of potassium ion transport
+ up-regulation of potassium ion transport
+ up regulation of potassium ion transport
+ positive regulation of potassium conductance
+ activation of potassium ion transport
+ positive regulation of potassium transport
+ positive regulation of K+ conductance
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of ion transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of, within or between cells.
+ up regulation of ion transport
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of ion transport
+ upregulation of ion transport
+ activation of ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of ion transport
+ downregulation of ion transport
+ down regulation of ion transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of charged atoms or small charged molecules into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethylene biosynthetic process during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ethylene synthesis during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
+ ethylene formation during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
+ ethylene anabolism during jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethylene (C2-H4, ethene), occurring during the process of jasmonic acid and ethylene-dependent systemic resistance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anoikis
+
+ Apoptosis triggered by inadequate or inappropriate adherence to substrate e.g. after disruption of the interactions between normal epithelial cells and the extracellular matrix.
+ suspension induced apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Anoikis
+ detachment induced cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptotic cell clearance
+
+ The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
+ biological_process
+ programmed cell clearance
+ efferocytosis
+ Note that unlike mammals or Drosophila, C. elegans (and many lower organisms) do not have professional macrophages/phagocytes, instead cell corpses are engulfed by neighboring cells. Cell types that can function as engulfing cells include hypodermal cells, gonadal sheath cells, pharyngeal muscle cells, and intestinal cells.
+ apoptotic cell removal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to morphine
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to alkaloid
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an alkaloid stimulus. Alkaloids are a large group of nitrogenous substances found in naturally in plants, many of which have extracts that are pharmacologically active.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of caspase activity
+
+
+ stimulation of caspase activity
+ biological_process
+ activation of caspase activity
+ up-regulation of caspase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a caspase, any of a group of cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis.
+ upregulation of caspase activity
+ up regulation of caspase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of caspase activity
+
+
+ GO:0043026
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a caspase, any of a group of cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of caspase activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pharyngeal muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A pharyngeal muscle is any muscle that forms part of the pharynx.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biopolymer metabolic process
+
+ goslim_pir
+ biopolymer metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving biopolymers, long, repeating chains of monomers found in nature, such as polysaccharides and proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biopolymer biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biopolymer biosynthesis
+ biopolymer formation
+ biopolymer anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ biopolymer synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biopolymers, long, repeating chains of monomers found in nature e.g. polysaccharides and proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biopolymer catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ biopolymer catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of biopolymers, long, repeating chains of monomers found in nature e.g. polysaccharides and proteins.
+ biopolymer breakdown
+ biopolymer degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of PHA
+ regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) biosynthesis
+ regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) formation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) anabolism
+ regulation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), polyesters of 3-hydroxyacids produced as intracellular granules by a large variety of bacteria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apocarotenoid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ apocarotenoid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apocarotenoid biosynthetic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ apocarotenoid formation
+ apocarotenoid biosynthesis
+ apocarotenoid synthesis
+ apocarotenoid anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of apocarotenoids by the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids. Many apocarotenoids are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apocarotenoid catabolic process
+
+ apocarotenoid catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of apocarotenoids, a class of compounds derived from the oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, many of which are biologically important e.g. retinal and abscisic acid.
+ apocarotenoid degradation
+ biological_process
+ apocarotenoid breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RAVE complex
+
+
+ regulator of the (H+)-ATPase of the vacuolar and endosomal membranes
+ cellular_component
+ A multisubunit complex that in Saccharomyces is composed of three subunits, Rav1p, Rav2p and Skp1p. Acts transiently to catalyze assembly of cytoplasmic V1, with membrane embedded V0 to form the V-ATPase holoenzyme.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile fiber
+
+ contractile fibre
+ muscle fibre
+ cellular_component
+ muscle fiber
+ Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptosome
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Apoptosome
+ A multisubunit protein complex involved in the activation of apoptosis. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apical junction complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in invertebrates is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.
+ cellular_component
+ apical cell junction complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apical junction assembly
+
+ apical junction complex assembly
+ biological_process
+ The formation of an apical junction, a functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens junction and the desmosomes, by the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of its constituents.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte degranulation
+
+
+
+ leukocyte granule exocytosis
+ The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte.
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was moved.
+ immune cell degranulation
+ immune cell granule exocytosis
+ leucocyte degranulation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of leukocyte degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
+ regulation of immune cell granule exocytosis
+ regulation of leucocyte degranulation
+ regulation of immune cell degranulation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of leukocyte granule exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of leukocyte degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of leukocyte degranulation
+ negative regulation of leucocyte degranulation
+ downregulation of leukocyte degranulation
+ down regulation of leukocyte degranulation
+ negative regulation of immune cell degranulation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of leukocyte degranulation.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of leukocyte degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of leukocyte degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte degranulation.
+ up regulation of leukocyte degranulation
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of leucocyte degranulation
+ upregulation of leukocyte degranulation
+ activation of leukocyte degranulation
+ up-regulation of leukocyte degranulation
+ positive regulation of immune cell degranulation
+ stimulation of leukocyte degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and neutral proteases by a mast cell.
+ mast cell granule exocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mast cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of mast cell degranulation.
+ regulation of mast cell granule exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mast cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mast cell granule exocytosis
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of mast cell degranulation
+ downregulation of mast cell degranulation
+ down regulation of mast cell degranulation
+ inhibition of mast cell degranulation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of mast cell degranulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mast cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of mast cell degranulation
+ stimulation of mast cell degranulation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mast cell degranulation.
+ up regulation of mast cell degranulation
+ up-regulation of mast cell degranulation
+ upregulation of mast cell degranulation
+ positive regulation of mast cell granule exocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophil activation
+
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a eosinophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophil degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophil granule exocytosis
+ biological_process
+ The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic protein by an eosinophil.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of eosinophil degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
+ regulation of eosinophil granule exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of eosinophil degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of eosinophil granule exocytosis
+ down regulation of eosinophil degranulation
+ down-regulation of eosinophil degranulation
+ inhibition of eosinophil degranulation
+ downregulation of eosinophil degranulation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of eosinophil degranulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of eosinophil degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of eosinophil degranulation
+ positive regulation of eosinophil granule exocytosis
+ upregulation of eosinophil degranulation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of eosinophil degranulation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil degranulation.
+ up regulation of eosinophil degranulation
+ up-regulation of eosinophil degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterophil degranulation
+ biological_process
+ The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as proteases, lipases, and inflammatory mediators by a neutrophil.
+ neutrophil granule exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neutrophil degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neutrophil granule exocytosis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neutrophil degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of neutrophil degranulation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of neutrophil degranulation.
+ down-regulation of neutrophil degranulation
+ negative regulation of neutrophil granule exocytosis
+ downregulation of neutrophil degranulation
+ inhibition of neutrophil degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neutrophil degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neutrophil granule exocytosis
+ stimulation of neutrophil degranulation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of neutrophil degranulation
+ upregulation of neutrophil degranulation
+ activation of neutrophil degranulation
+ up regulation of neutrophil degranulation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil degranulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation
+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation
+ cytotoxic T-cell granule exocytosis
+ cytotoxic T-cell degranulation
+ cytotoxic T cell granule exocytosis
+ The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a cytotoxic T cell.
+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis
+ biological_process
+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis
+ regulation of cytotoxic T-cell granule exocytosis
+ regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis
+ regulation of cytotoxic T-cell degranulation
+ regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation
+ regulation of cytotoxic T cell granule exocytosis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
+ regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T-cell granule exocytosis
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T-cell degranulation
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell granule exocytosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
+ downregulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis
+ inhibition of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+ down-regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+ up-regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell degranulation.
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T-cell granule exocytosis
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T-cell degranulation
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell granule exocytosis
+ up regulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+ upregulation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation
+ activation of cytotoxic T cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ natural killer cell granule exocytosis
+ NK cell degranulation
+ The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell.
+ NK cell granule exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NK cell granule exocytosis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
+ regulation of NK cell degranulation
+ regulation of natural killer cell granule exocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NK cell granule exocytosis
+ inhibition of natural killer cell degranulation
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell granule exocytosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer cell degranulation.
+ negative regulation of NK cell degranulation
+ downregulation of natural killer cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NK cell degranulation
+ activation of natural killer cell degranulation
+ positive regulation of NK cell granule exocytosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell degranulation.
+ up regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell degranulation
+ upregulation of natural killer cell degranulation
+ stimulation of natural killer cell degranulation
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell granule exocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment metabolic process during developmental pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin, occurring during the deposition of coloring matter in an organ or organism.
+ biological_process
+ pigment metabolism during developmental pigmentation
+ pigment metabolic process during pigmentation during development
+ pigment metabolism during pigmentation during development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotaxis to folate
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of folate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotaxis to cAMP
+
+ chemotaxis to 3',5' cAMP
+ chemotaxis to adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to the presence of 3',5'-cAMP.
+ chemotaxis to cyclic AMP
+ chemotaxis to 3',5'-cAMP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting to vacuole during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-vacuole targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway
+ protein vacuolar targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway
+ protein-vacuolar targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation via the MVB pathway
+ The process of directing proteins towards the vacuole using signals contained within the protein, occurring during protein catabolism via the MVB pathway; the destruction of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with a ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway.
+ protein targeting to vacuole during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown via the MVB pathway
+ protein vacuolar targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway
+ protein-vacuolar targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown via the MVB pathway
+ protein targeting to vacuole during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation via the MVB pathway
+ protein-vacuole targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting to membrane during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-membrane targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway
+ protein membrane targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway
+ protein targeting to membrane during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation via the MVB pathway
+ The process of directing proteins towards a membrane using signals contained within the protein, occurring during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolism via the MVB pathway; the destruction of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with a ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway.
+ protein-membrane targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway
+ biological_process
+ protein targeting to membrane during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown via the MVB pathway
+ protein-membrane targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation via the MVB pathway
+ protein membrane targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the MVB pathway
+ protein-membrane targeting during ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown via the MVB pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to exogenous dsRNA
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an exogenous double-stranded RNA stimulus.
+ response to exogenous double-stranded RNA
+ biological_process
+ response to viral dsRNA
+ Note that the presence of exogenous double-stranded RNA is usually indicative of a viral infection. Consider also annotating to 'response to virus ; GO:0009615'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to dsRNA
+
+ biological_process
+ response to double-stranded RNA
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a double-stranded RNA stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating projection tip
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conjugation tube tip
+ shmoo tip
+ The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein unfolding
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of assisting in the disassembly of non-covalent linkages in a protein or protein aggregate, often where the proteins are in a non-functional or denatured state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enucleate erythrocyte differentiation
+
+ erythrocyte differentiation (sensu Mammalia)
+ enucleate red blood cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte without a nucleus, as found in mammals.
+ enucleate RBC differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enucleate erythrocyte maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enucleate red blood cell maturation
+ erythrocyte maturation (sensu Mammalia)
+ biological_process
+ enucleate RBC maturation
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an enucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. An enucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte without a nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleate erythrocyte maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleate red blood cell maturation
+ biological_process
+ nucleate RBC maturation
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a nucleate erythrocyte to attain its fully functional state. A nucleate erythrocyte is an erythrocyte with a nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleate erythrocyte differentiation
+
+ The process by which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte with a nucleus, as found in non-mammalian vertebrates such as birds.
+ nucleate RBC differentiation
+ biological_process
+ nucleate red blood cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which successful recombination of a T cell receptor beta chain into a translatable protein coding sequence leads to rescue from apoptosis and subsequent proliferation of an immature T cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive T cell selection
+
+ The process of sparing immature T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
+ positive T lymphocyte selection
+ positive T-cell selection
+ positive T-lymphocyte selection
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ CD4-positive/CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
+ CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ The process by which an immature T cell commits to CD4-positive T cell lineage or the CD8-positive lineage of alpha-beta T cells.
+ CD4-positive or CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CD4-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of CD4-positive T-cell differentiation
+ regulation of CD4-positive T lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation.
+ inhibition of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+ down regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive T-cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive T lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD4-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive T-cell differentiation
+ upregulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+ stimulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ activation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive T lymphocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation.
+ positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a mature CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ biological_process
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell fate commitment
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte lineage commitment
+ CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell lineage commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CD8-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
+ regulation of CD8-positive T lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of CD8-positive T-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD8-positive T lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD8-positive T-cell differentiation
+ downregulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD8-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ inhibition of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of CD8-positive T lymphocyte differentiation
+ up-regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ activation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of CD8-positive T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of CD8-positive, alpha beta T-cell differentiation
+ upregulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
+ positive regulation of CD8-positive T-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ memory T cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a newly activated T cell acquires specialized features of a memory T cell.
+ memory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ memory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ memory T-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of memory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of memory T-cell differentiation
+ regulation of memory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of memory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of memory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of memory T cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of memory T cell differentiation.
+ downregulation of memory T cell differentiation
+ inhibition of memory T cell differentiation
+ down regulation of memory T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of memory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of memory T-cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of memory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of memory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of memory T-cell differentiation
+ stimulation of memory T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of memory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of memory T cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of memory T cell differentiation.
+ activation of memory T cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of memory T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of memory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of memory T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative T cell selection
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of elimination of immature T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
+ negative T lymphocyte selection
+ negative T-lymphocyte selection
+ negative T-cell selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-T cell receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pre-T lymphocyte receptor complex
+ pre-T-cell receptor complex
+ pre-T-lymphocyte receptor complex
+ A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.
+ cellular_component
+ pre-TCR complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mycotoxin metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ mycotoxin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mycotoxin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ mycotoxin synthesis
+ mycotoxin formation
+ mycotoxin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ mycotoxin anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mycotoxin catabolic process
+
+
+ mycotoxin catabolism
+ biological_process
+ mycotoxin degradation
+ mycotoxin breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a mycotoxin, any poisonous substance produced by a fungus.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA binding
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation of DNA binding
+ upregulation of DNA binding
+ up regulation of DNA binding
+ up-regulation of DNA binding
+ activation of DNA binding
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process by which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aflatoxin B metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxins with a B designation. Distinguished from other aflatoxins by their exhibition of blue fluorescence under UV-light.
+ aflatoxin B metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aflatoxin B1 metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin B1, a potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by various species from the Aspergillus group of fungi.
+ aflatoxin B1 metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aflatoxin B2 metabolic process
+
+ aflatoxin B2 metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin B2, a mycotoxin produced by the fungal species Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of DNA binding
+
+
+ downregulation of DNA binding
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process by which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
+ down regulation of DNA binding
+ down-regulation of DNA binding
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of DNA binding
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein binding
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+
+ CRF secretion
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. CRH is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates corticotropic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary to produce adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and other biologically active substances e.g. 2-endorphin, release of CRH is affected by serum levels of cortisol, by stress and by the sleep/wake cycle.
+ CRH secretion
+ corticotropin-releasing factor secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CRF secretion
+ regulation of CRH secretion
+ regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor secretion
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortisol secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of cortisol, a steroid hormone that in humans is the major circulating hormone of the cortex, or outer layer, of the adrenal gland.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ steroid hormone mediated signaling
+
+
+ steroid hormone mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a steroid hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucocorticoid mediated signaling
+
+
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a glucocorticoid hormone.
+ biological_process
+ glucocorticoid mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+ myofiber turnover
+ biological_process
+ The regrowth of muscle tissue to repair injured or damaged muscle fibers in the postnatal stage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of MAP kinase activity
+
+ Regulation of MAPK activity
+ regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase activity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
+ regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
+ up regulation of MAPK activity
+ stimulation of MAPK activity
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity
+ up-regulation of MAPK activity
+ upregulation of MAPK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of MAP kinase activity
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity
+ downregulation of MAPK activity
+ inhibition of MAPK activity
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of MAPK activity
+ negative regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
+ down-regulation of MAPK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of MAPKKK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of MAP kinase kinase kinase cascade
+ regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
+ regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of MAPKKK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
+ downregulation of MAPKKK cascade
+ negative regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
+ down regulation of MAPKKK cascade
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of MAP kinase kinase kinase cascade
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPKKK cascade.
+ inhibition of MAPKKK cascade
+ down-regulation of MAPKKK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of MAPKKK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of MAPKKK cascade
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
+ upregulation of MAPKKK cascade
+ activation of MAPKKK cascade
+ stimulation of MAPKKK cascade
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of MAPKKK cascade
+ positive regulation of MAP kinase kinase kinase cascade
+ positive regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
+ positive regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biopolymer modification
+
+ biological_process
+ The covalent alteration of one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological polymer, resulting in a change in its properties.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biopolymer glycosylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological polymer.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biopolymer methylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The covalent attachment of a methyl residue to one or more monomeric units in a polypeptide, polynucleotide, polysaccharide, or other biological polymer.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
+ upregulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
+ stimulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
+ biological_process
+ activation of skeletal muscle regeneration
+ up-regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
+ Any process that activates or increase the rate of skeletal muscle regeneration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
+ down regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
+ down-regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle regeneration.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of skeletal muscle regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homocysteine catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.
+ homocysteine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ homocysteine degradation
+ homocysteine catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urea catabolic process
+
+
+ urea degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of urea, the water soluble compound O=C-(NH2)2.
+ urea catabolism
+ biological_process
+ urea decomposition
+ urea breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anthranilate metabolic process
+
+
+ anthranilate metabolism
+ anthranilic acid metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:abz2
+ ortho-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process
+ ortho-aminobenzoic acid metabolism
+ anthranilic acid metabolic process
+ GO:0018869
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
+ 2-aminobenzoate metabolic process
+ 2-aminobenzoate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anthranilate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ anthranilic acid catabolic process
+ anthranilic acid catabolism
+ GO:0019259
+ anthranilate degradation
+ 2-aminobenzoate catabolic process
+ MetaCyc:2AMINOBENZDEG-PWY
+ anthranilate catabolism
+ ortho-aminobenzoic acid catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ 2-aminobenzoate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate).
+ ortho-aminobenzoic acid catabolism
+ 2-aminobenzoate degradation
+ 2-aminobenzoate breakdown
+ anthranilate breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbon fixation by 3-hydroxypropionate cycle
+
+ 3-hydroxypropionate cycle
+ biological_process
+ hydroxypropionate pathway
+ hydroxypropionate cycle
+ An autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation pathway by which two molecules of carbon dioxide are fixed to form glyoxylate. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is assumed to be converted to malate, and two CO2 molecules are thereby fixed. Malyl-CoA is thought to be cleaved to acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule, and glyoxylate, the carbon fixation product.
+ 3-hydroxypropionate pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription factor activity
+
+
+ down-regulation of transcription factor activity
+ inhibition of transcription factor activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
+ down regulation of transcription factor activity
+ downregulation of transcription factor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to peptide hormone stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
+ response to polypeptide hormone stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is a peptide hormone involved in the stress response.
+ response to corticotropin-releasing factor stimulus
+ response to CRH stimulus
+ response to corticoliberin stimulus
+ response to CRF stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxoacid metabolic process
+
+
+ oxoacid metabolism
+ ketoacid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any oxoacid; an oxoacid is a compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons).
+ biological_process
+ ketoacid metabolic process
+ keto acid metabolic process
+ oxo acid metabolic process
+ keto acid metabolism
+ oxo acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ butanoic acid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any butanoic acid, 4-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
+ butyric acid metabolism
+ butyric acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ butanoic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetoacetic acid metabolic process
+
+ beta-ketobutyric acid metabolic process
+ 3-oxobutanoic acid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ acetoacetate metabolism
+ 3-oxobutanoate metabolism
+ diacetic acid metabolism
+ beta ketobutyric acid metabolic process
+ acetoacetate metabolic process
+ 3-oxobutanoate metabolic process
+ beta-ketobutyric acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoacetic acid, 3-oxobutanoic acid; the empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
+ 3-oxobutanoic acid metabolic process
+ diacetic acid metabolic process
+ beta ketobutyric acid metabolism
+ acetoacetic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ butanoic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ butanoic acid anabolism
+ butanoic acid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any butanoic acid, 4-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
+ butanoic acid synthesis
+ butanoic acid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ butanoic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ butanoic acid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any butanoic acid, 4-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
+ butanoic acid degradation
+ butanoic acid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetoacetic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ acetoacetic acid formation
+ acetoacetic acid synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
+ acetoacetic acid anabolism
+ acetoacetic acid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetoacetic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ acetoacetic acid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoacetic acid, a beta-keto acid of the keto acid group, empirical formula is C4H6O3 or CH3COCH2COOH.
+ biological_process
+ acetoacetic acid catabolism
+ acetoacetic acid degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetone metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ acetone metabolism
+ dimethyl ketone metabolic process
+ propan-2-one metabolism
+ 2-propanone metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetone, propan-2-one.
+ propan-2-one metabolic process
+ 2-propanone metabolic process
+ dimethyl ketone metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetone catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetone, propan-2-one.
+ propan-2-one catabolic process
+ propan-2-one catabolism
+ acetone catabolism
+ dimethyl ketone catabolism
+ 2-propanone catabolic process
+ acetone breakdown
+ dimethyl ketone catabolic process
+ 2-propanone catabolism
+ acetone degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ acetone synthesis
+ propan-2-one biosynthesis
+ acetone biosynthesis
+ dimethyl ketone biosynthetic process
+ dimethyl ketone biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetone, propan-2-one.
+ acetone formation
+ 2-propanone biosynthesis
+ acetone anabolism
+ propan-2-one biosynthetic process
+ 2-propanone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular alkane metabolic process
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2, as carried out by individual cells.
+ alkane metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkane biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
+ alkane anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ alkane synthesis
+ alkane formation
+ alkane biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkane catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ alkane breakdown
+ alkane catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkane, any acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n+2.
+ alkane degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular alkene metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ alkene metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkene, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n, as carried out by individual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkene biosynthetic process
+
+
+ alkene biosynthesis
+ alkene formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkene, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
+ alkene synthesis
+ biological_process
+ alkene anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkene catabolic process
+
+
+ alkene degradation
+ alkene breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkene, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having one carbon-carbon double bond and the general formula CnH2n.
+ alkene catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular alkyne metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2, as carried out by individual cells.
+ alkyne metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkyne biosynthetic process
+
+ alkyne formation
+ alkyne anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbon having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
+ alkyne synthesis
+ alkyne biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkyne catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an alkyne, any cyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having a carbon-carbon triple bond and the general formula CnH2n-2.
+ alkyne degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ alkyne catabolism
+ alkyne breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of secondary metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of secondary metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of secondary metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving compounds that are not necessarily required for growth and maintenance of cells, and are often unique to a taxon.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pentose phosphate pathway
+ regulation of pentose-phosphate pathway
+ regulation of pentose phosphate shunt
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the pentose-phosphate shunt, the process by which glucose is oxidized, coupled to NADPH synthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular respiration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular respiration, the enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanol biosynthetic process during fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanol synthesis during fermentation
+ ethanol anabolism during fermentation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanol, CH3-CH2-OH, during the process of fermentation.
+ ethanol formation during fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to short exposure to lithium ion
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a single or short exposure to a lithium ion stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to long exposure to lithium ion
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a long or persistent exposure to a lithium ion stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ F-type ATPase complex assembly
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ATPase activity
+
+ regulation of adenosinetriphosphatase activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of rhamnose catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of rhamnose degradation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhamnose, the hexose 6-deoxy-L-mannose.
+ regulation of rhamnose catabolism
+ regulation of rhamnose breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ malolactic fermentation
+
+ The anaerobic enzymatic conversion of L-malate to L-lactate and carbon dioxide, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ malate fermentation
+ Wikipedia:Malolactic_fermentation
+ malolactate fermentation
+ biological_process
+ malo-lactate fermentation
+ L-malate fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fermentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fermentation, the anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds, especially carbohydrates, to other compounds, especially to ethyl alcohol, resulting in energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine fermentation
+
+
+ The anaerobic conversion of pyrimidines, yielding energy in the form of ATP.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of precursor metabolites, substances from which energy is derived, and the processes involved in the liberation of energy from these substances.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fucose catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fucose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of D-xylose catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylose.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of carbohydrate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular carbohydrate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, carried out by individual cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigmentation
+
+ biological_process
+ The deposition or aggregation of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment metabolic process during pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, occurring during the deposition or aggregation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell.
+ biological_process
+ pigment metabolism during pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment metabolic process during pigment accumulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, occurring during pigment accumulation.
+ pigment metabolism during pigment accumulation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment accumulation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.
+ pigment accumulation in response to external stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment biosynthetic process during pigment accumulation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, occurring during pigment accumulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment accumulation in response to UV light
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment accumulation in tissues in response to UV light
+
+
+ The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment accumulation in tissues
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to an external stimulus.
+ organismal pigment accumulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation of the pigment anthocyanin in a particular location in a tissue, occurring in response to a UV light stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular pigment accumulation
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The aggregation of coloring matter in a particular location in a cell, occurring in response to some external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anthocyanin biosynthetic process during anthocyanin accumulation in response to UV light
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anthocyanin biosynthetic process during anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light stimulus
+ biological_process
+ anthocyanin biosynthesis during anthocyanin accumulation in tissues in response to UV light stimulus
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pigment anthocyanin, occurring during anthocyanin accumulation in a tissue in response to a UV light stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of RNA splicing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA splicing, the process of removing sections of the primary RNA transcript to remove sequences not present in the mature form of the RNA and joining the remaining sections to form the mature form of the RNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosome to pigment granule transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of substances from endosomes to pigment granules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone exchange
+
+
+ The replacement, within chromatin, of resident histones or histone subunits with alternative, sometimes variant, histones or subunits.
+ histone chaperone
+ histone displacement
+ biological_process
+ histone replacement
+ Note that this term also includes the exchange of sperm-specific histones or protamines with histones, occurring during spermatogenesis and fertilization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of RNA stability
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the propensity of RNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize RNAs.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mRNA stability
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the propensity of mRNA molecules to degradation. Includes processes that both stabilize and destabilize mRNAs.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA stabilization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Prevention of degradation of RNA molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ malate-aspartate shuttle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ malate aspartate shuttle
+ malate/aspartate shuttle
+ Wikipedia:Malate-aspartate_shuttle
+ biological_process
+ The process of transferring reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria; NADH is used to synthesise malate in the cytosol; this compound is then transported into the mitochondria where it is converted to oxaloacetate using NADH, the oxaloacetate reacts with gluamate to form aspartate, and the aspartate then returns to the cytosol to complete the cycle.
+ malate:aspartate shuttle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein kinase B signaling cascade
+
+ PKB signaling cascade
+ protein kinase B signalling cascade
+ PKB signalling cascade
+ AKT signalling cascade
+ AKT signaling cascade
+ A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phage terminase complex
+
+
+ A complex of a large and small subunit which catalyze the packaging of DNA into phage heads. Note that not all phage terminases have this structure, some exist as single polypeptides.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rik1-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ A protein complex that consists of (minimally) cullin, RING finger, methyltransferase, Rik1 WD repeat protein, Raf1 and Raf2. Required to regulate heterchromatin formation by RNAi and for histone H3K9 methylation.
+ cellular_component
+ Rik1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein homodimerization activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
+ Note that protein homodimerization is a molecular function: 'protein homodimerization activity ; GO:0042803'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein heterodimerization activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
+ biological_process
+ Note that protein heterodimerization is a molecular function: 'protein heterodimerization activity ; GO:0046982'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle adaptation
+
+ A process by which muscle adapts, with consequent modifications to structural and/or functional phenotypes, in response to a stimulus. Stimuli include contractile activity, loading conditions, substrate supply, and environmental factors. These adaptive events occur in both muscle fibers and associated structures (motoneurons and capillaries), and they involve alterations in regulatory mechanisms, contractile properties and metabolic capacities.
+ biological_process
+ muscle plasticity
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle adaptation
+
+ skeletal muscle plasticity
+ Any process by which skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle adaptation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of muscle plasticity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle adaptation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle fiber adaptation
+
+ skeletal muscle fiber plasticity
+ skeletal myofibre plasticity
+ skeletal myofiber plasticity
+ biological_process
+ skeletal muscle fibre plasticity
+ Any process by which the skeletal muscle fibers change their phenotypic profiles in response to altered functional demands and a variety of signals. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial DNA repair
+
+
+ The process of restoring mitochondrial DNA after damage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centromere-specific nucleosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).
+ centromeric nucleosome
+ centromere specific nucleosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of JUN kinase activity
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
+ regulation of JUNK activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of JUN kinase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
+ upregulation of JNK activity
+ up-regulation of JNK activity
+ up regulation of JNK activity
+ positive regulation of JUNK activity
+ stimulation of JNK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of JUN kinase activity
+
+
+ down-regulation of JNK activity
+ downregulation of JNK activity
+ negative regulation of JUNK activity
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of JNK activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
+ down regulation of JNK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activin A complex
+
+ Note that the actions of the activin complex are the opposite of those of the inhibin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A or inhibin beta-B subunit and an inhibin alpha subunit. See also the cellular component term 'inhibin complex ; GO:0043511'.
+ A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-A subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-A or activin/inhibin beta-A).
+ GO:0048181
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activin B complex
+
+ A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-B subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-B or activin/inhibin beta-B).
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the actions of the activin complex are the opposite of those of the inhibin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A or inhibin beta-B subunit and a inhibin alpha subunit. See 'inhibin complex ; GO:0043511'.
+ GO:0048182
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with either an inhibin beta-A subunit, to form inhibin A, or an inhibin beta-B subunit, to form inhibin B.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the actions of the inhibin complex are the opposite of those of the activin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A and/or inhibin beta-B subunit. See also the cellular component term 'activin complex ; GO:0048180'.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibin A complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.
+ Note that the actions of the inhibin complex are the opposite of those of the activin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A and/or inhibin beta-B subunit. See also the cellular component term 'activin complex ; GO:0048180'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibin B complex
+
+ Note that the actions of the inhibin complex are the opposite of those of the activin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A and/or inhibin beta-B subunit. See also the cellular component term 'activin complex ; GO:0048180'.
+ cellular_component
+ Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-12 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ IL-12 complex
+ A protein complex that is composed of an interleukin-12 alpha and an interleukin-12 beta subunit and is secreted into the extracellular space.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of p53 induced by DNA damage response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+ up-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+ up regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+ positive regulation of p53 induced by DNA damage response
+ biological_process
+ activation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
+ upregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+ negative regulation of p53 induced by DNA damage response
+ down-regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
+ inhibition of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myosin II filament assembly or disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation or disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myosin II filament assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myosin II filament disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the disassembly of a bipolar filament composed of myosin II molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neuron apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of programmed cell death, neurons
+ Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis in neurons.
+ regulation of programmed cell death of neuronal cells
+ regulation of neuronal cell programmed cell death
+ regulation of apoptosis of neurons
+ regulation of neuron programmed cell death
+ regulation of apoptosis of neuronal cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neuron apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron survival
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of neuron apoptosis
+ negative regulation of programmed cell death, neurons
+ inhibition of neuron apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis in neurons.
+ down regulation of neuron apoptosis
+ down-regulation of neuron apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neuron apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of neuron apoptosis
+ stimulation of neuron apoptosis
+ up regulation of neuron apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of programmed cell death, neurons
+ activation of neuron apoptosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptosis.
+ up-regulation of neuron apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroprotection
+
+ Wikipedia:Neuroprotection
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptosis in the nervous system. It may stop or prevent or reduce the rate of cell death by apoptosis and it is activated by stress to counteract death signals in central nervous systems. Different neuroprotective mechanisms may be activated to combat distinct types of cellular stress, ERK pathway is one of several neuroprotective mechanisms and it is a model system to study neuronal apoptosis, which may contribute to several neurodegenerative diseases and aging-related neuron loss.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA methyltransferase complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A multimeric protein complex involved in the methylation of specific nucleotides in tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA (m2G10) methyltransferase complex
+
+ A protein complex required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least two subunits, Trm11p and Trm112p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GET complex
+
+
+ A multisubunit complex involved in ER/Golgi trafficking (Golgi to ER Traffic). In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.
+ cellular_component
+ Golgi to ER Traffic complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels during angiogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+ stimulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+ activation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
+ upregulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+ up regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+ downregulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+ down regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to an actin molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the molecular function term 'N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphodolichol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity ; GO:0004577'.
+ cellular_component
+ A heterooligomeric complex that in yeast is composed of a catalytic subunit, Alg13p, and an anchoring subunit, Alg14p. Catalyzes the second step of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis of GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ The orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid acylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, to a protein amino acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdopterin cofactor metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the molybdopterin cofactor (Moco), essential for the catalytic activity of some enzymes, e.g. sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase. The cofactor consists of a mononuclear molybdenum (Mo-molybdopterin) or tungsten ion (W-molybdopterin) coordinated by one or two molybdopterin ligands.
+ Moco metabolism
+ Moco metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ molybdopterin cofactor metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of GTPase activity
+
+
+ up-regulation of GTPase activity
+ upregulation of GTPase activity
+ activation of GTPase activity
+ stimulation of GTPase activity
+ up regulation of GTPase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of kinase activity
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipid kinase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipid kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a simple or complex lipid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+
+
+ upregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+ up regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+ up-regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+ stimulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity.
+ activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+
+
+ downregulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+ down-regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+ inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic respiration, using arsenite as electron donor
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The oxidation of arsenite to arsenate, using oxygen (O2) as the electron acceptor. Arsenite oxidase provides electrons to an electron carrier which transfers them to oxygen utilizing respiratory systems.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translation in response to stress
+
+
+ translational stress response
+ Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translation in response to oxidative stress
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translation in response to osmotic stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translational initiation in response to stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translational initiation in response to osmotic stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of translation initiation, as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to nitrogen levels
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of inorganic nitrogen.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ku70:Ku80 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Ku70:Ku80 heterodimer
+ Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
+ regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of IGF receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of IGF receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of IGF receptor signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ stimulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
+ up-regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ activation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ upregulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of IGF receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of IGF receptor signalling pathway
+ downregulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
+ negative regulation of IGF receptor signaling pathway
+ inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ down regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of DNA repeat elements
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in sustaining the fidelity and copy number of DNA repeat elements.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of CRISPR repeat elements
+
+ maintenance of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat elements
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in sustaining CRISPR repeat clusters, including capture of new spacer elements, expansion or contraction of clusters, propagation of the leader sequence and repeat clusters within a genome, transfer of repeat clusters and CRISPR-associated (cas) genes to new genomes, transcription of the CRISPR repeat arrays into RNA and processing, and interaction of CRISPR/cas loci with the host genome. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) elements are a family of sequence elements containing multiple direct repeats of 24-48 bp with weak dyad symmetry which are separated by regularly sized nonrepetitive spacer sequences.
+ CRISPR element metabolic process
+ CRISPR element metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid fission
+
+ The creation of two or more plastids by division of one plastid. A plastid is any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucoplast fission
+
+ biological_process
+ The creation of two or more leucoplasts by division of one leucoplast. A leucoplast is a colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisomal transport
+
+ Transport of substances into, out of or within a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of osmotic stimulus
+
+
+ The series of events in which a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process of gaseous exchange between an organism and its environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotropism
+
+
+ The movement of an organism, or part of an organism, in response to an external chemical gradient, usually toward or away from it.
+ Wikipedia:Chemotropism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear matrix organization
+
+ nuclear matrix organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the nuclear matrix, the dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
+ nuclear matrix organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elaioplast organization
+
+ biological_process
+ elaioplast organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an elaioplast, a leucoplast in which oil is stored.
+ elaioplast organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ periplasmic space organization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the periplasmic space, the region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, or the inner membrane and cell wall in fungi.
+ biological_process
+ periplasmic space organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mycelium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mycelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mycelium is the mass of hyphae that constitutes the vegetative part of a fungus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporangium development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sporangium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores.
+ biological_process
+ sporangia development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ear development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
+ biological_process
+ hearing organ development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nose development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nasus development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the nose over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nose morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the nose are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The nose is the specialized structure of the face that serves as the organ of the sense of smell and as part of the respiratory system. Includes the nasi externus (external nose) and cavitas nasi (nasal cavity).
+ nasus morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tongue development
+
+ glossa development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
+ lingua development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tongue morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lingua morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the tongue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
+ glossa morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skin development
+
+ biological_process
+ animal skin development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skin morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the skin are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner, sensitive and vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bacterial nucleoid
+
+ cellular_component
+ The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endospore external encapsulating structure
+
+ GO:0055030
+ spore wall (sensu Bacteria)
+ peptidoglycan-based spore wall
+ endospore wall
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore; consists of a peptidoglycan-containing inner layer (the endospore cortex) surrounded by a multilayered proteinaceous coat. An exosporium may be present as an extreme outer layer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exosporium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epispore
+ perispore
+ exospore
+ cellular_component
+ The outermost layer of a bacterial endospore, which is loosely attached and located outside of the endospore coat. It is generally composed of protein, carbohydrate, and perhaps lipid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endospore coat
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The layer in a bacterial endospore that lies under the exosporium, and is impermeable to many toxic molecules. The coat may also contain enzymes that are involved in endospore germination.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer endospore membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endospore cortex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A layer surrounding a bacterial endospore found inside the outer endospore membrane, but outside the membrane surrounding the endospore core. It consists of peptidoglycan of a different chemical nature than that found in vegetative cell walls which results in less cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear replication fork
+
+
+ replication fork (sensu Eukaryota)
+ The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic replication fork
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication fork (sensu Bacteria and Archaea)
+ cellular_component
+ The Y-shaped region of a cytoplasmic replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic DNA replication factor C complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cytoplasmic complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase.
+ DNA replication factor C complex (sensu Bacteria and Archaea)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear DNA replication factor C complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication factor C complex (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+ A nuclear complex of five polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta or epsilon. In Saccharomyces and several other species, the subunits are known as Rfc1p-Rfc5p, although subunit names do not necessarily correspond between different species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic replisome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ replisome (sensu Bacteria and Archaea)
+ A multi-component enzymatic machine at the cytoplasmic replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA helicase, and other proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear replisome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replisome (sensu Eukaryota)
+ cellular_component
+ A multi-component enzymatic machine at the nuclear replication fork, which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrate catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrates, inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid.
+ nitrate dissimilation
+ nitrate disassimilation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular amide metabolic process
+
+ amide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group, as carried out by individual cells.
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amide biosynthetic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amide catabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an amide, any derivative of an oxoacid in which an acidic hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formamide metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
+ formamide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formamide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formamide catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formamide, the simplest amide, HCONH2, derived from formic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of carbon utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of carbon utilization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of carbohydrate utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of carbohydrate utilization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoprene metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprene, C5H8.
+ 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolic process
+ hemiterpene metabolism
+ 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene metabolism
+ isoprene metabolism
+ hemiterpene metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoprene biosynthetic process
+
+
+ hemiterpene biosynthesis
+ 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isoprene, C5H8.
+ 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ hemiterpene biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoprene catabolic process
+
+
+ hemiterpene catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoprene, C5H8.
+ hemiterpene catabolism
+ 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene catabolism
+ 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-eIF complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ multifactor translation initiation factor (eIF) complex
+ A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preinitiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astrocyte cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ astrocytic glial cell migration
+ The orderly movement of astrocytes, class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord.
+ astrocyte migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratinocyte proliferation
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Keratinocytes are epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo a characteristic change as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to sucrose starvation
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of sucrose.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to stress
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress
+
+
+ Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription in response to stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of transcription as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical microtubule organization
+
+
+ cortical microtubule organization and biogenesis
+ cortical microtubule organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures formed of microtubules and associated proteins in the cell cortex, i.e. just beneath the plasma membrane of a cell.
+ cortical microtubule cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular protein complex assembly
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular protein complex disassembly
+
+
+ The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ delta DNA polymerase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ delta-DNA polymerase complex
+ A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0005659
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PCNA complex
+
+
+ PCNA homotrimer
+ proliferating cell nuclear antigen complex
+ A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation.
+ sliding clamp
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to estrogen stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
+ response to oestrogen stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ncRNA 3'-end processing
+
+
+ Any process involved in forming the mature 3' end of a non-coding RNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+ ncRNA 3' end processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ncRNA polyadenylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (typically 15-70 in S. cerevisiae) at the 3' end of substrates that may include the following nuclear non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) from eukaryotes: nuclear ncRNA precursors (includes pre-RNA, snoRNA and snRNA that may be incorrectly processed and/or assembled with proteins), aberrant nuclear ncRNAs (such as hypomethylated tRNA and short 5S rRNA), misfolded nuclear ncRNAs and variant forms of ncRNAs. Serves as a prerequisite step for subsequent exosome-mediated degradation.
+ non-coding RNA polyadenylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ncRNA polyadenylation during polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end of a non-coding RNA, occurring during the process of polyadenylation-dependent non-coding RNA catabolism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA polyadenylation
+
+ The enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues at the 3' end of an RNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, initiated by covalent modification of the target molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification-dependent RNA catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by the covalent modification of the target RNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyadenylation-dependent ncRNA catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of an RNA molecule, initiated by the enzymatic addition of a sequence of adenylyl residues (polyadenylation) at the 3' end the target RNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylnaphthalene catabolic process
+
+ 2-methylnaphthalene catabolic process
+ 2-methylnaphthalene catabolism
+ 1-MN catabolism
+ 2-MN catabolic process
+ 2-MN catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylnaphthalene, an organic compound, C10H7CH3, obtained from coal tar.
+ 1-methylnaphthalene catabolic process
+ 1-MN catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ 1-methylnaphthalene catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bisphenol A catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of bisphenol A, 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol, a synthetic, aromatic organic compound used as a monomer in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and in the manufacture of epoxy resins.
+ bisphenol-A catabolism
+ biological_process
+ bisphenol-A catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ puromycin metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving puromycin, 3'-deoxy-N,N-dimethyl-3'-(O-methyl-L-tyrosinamido)adenosine, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ puromycin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ puromycin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of puromycin, an aminonucleoside antibiotic that is a potent inhibitor of translation; produced by the bacterium Streptomyces alboniger.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ benzoate catabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, the anion of benzoic acid (benzenecarboxylic acid), a fungistatic compound widely used as a food preservative; it is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.
+ benzoate degradation
+ benzoate breakdown
+ benzoate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ benzoate catabolic process via hydroxylation
+
+ benzoate breakdown via hydroxylation
+ benzoate degradation via hydroxylation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of benzoate, by its hydroxylation to cis-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate followed by dehydrogenation to catechol.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2503
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ novobiocin metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ novobiocin metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ novobiocin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of novobiocin, a coumarin antibiotic produced by the bacterium Gyrasestreptomyces spheroides, that acts by inhibiting DNA gyrase.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetracycline metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
+ tetracyclin metabolic process
+ tetracyclin metabolism
+ tetracycline metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetracycline biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetracycline, (4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide, a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces bacteria that blocks binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the ribosomes of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (and those of organelles).
+ gosubset_prok
+ tetracyclin biosynthesis
+ tetracyclin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cephalosporin metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.
+ cephalosporin metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cephalosporin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cephalosporin, any of large class of tetracyclic triterpene broad-spectrum antibiotics similar both chemically and in their mode of action to penicillin, first isolated from the culture filtrates of mediterranean fungus acremonium (cephalosporium acremonium), and effective against gram-positive bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol phosphate metabolic process
+
+ myo-inositol phosphate metabolism
+ inositol phosphate metabolism
+ myo-inositol phosphate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dicarboxylic acid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
+ dicarboxylate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ dicarboxylate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ dicarboxylic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dicarboxylic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
+ gosubset_prok
+ dicarboxylate catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ dicarboxylate catabolism
+ dicarboxylic acid degradation
+ dicarboxylic acid breakdown
+ dicarboxylic acid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dicarboxylic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ dicarboxylate biosynthetic process
+ dicarboxylic acid synthesis
+ dicarboxylic acid biosynthesis
+ dicarboxylic acid anabolism
+ dicarboxylic acid formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dicarboxylic acids, any organic acid containing two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
+ dicarboxylate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ linoleic acid metabolic process
+
+ linoleic acid metabolism
+ Wikipedia:Linoleic_acid
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving linoleic acid, an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid that has the molecular formula C18H32O2.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ engulfment of apoptotic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ engulfment of apoptotic cell corpse
+ The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
+ engulfment of cell corpse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial fragmentation during apoptosis
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.
+ mitochondrial fission during apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recognition of apoptotic cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ detection of apoptotic cell
+ recognition of cell corpse
+ detection of apoptotic cell corpse
+ The process by which a cell interprets signals (in the form of specific proteins and lipids) on the surface of a dying cell which it will engulf and remove by phagocytosis.
+ recognition of apoptotic cell corpse
+ detection of cell corpse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular space of host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream.
+ host extracellular space
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular region of host
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ host intracellular
+ cellular_component
+ That space within the plasma membrane of a host cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host symbiosome
+
+
+ A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of the endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and an outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane) derived from the host cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ symbiosome
+
+ A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of an endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and a non-endosymbiotic outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane).
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bacteroid-containing symbiosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peribacteroid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peribacteroid fluid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host bacteroid-containing symbiosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants, of a host cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host peribacteroid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A host-derived membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host peribacteroid fluid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphate from a phosphoprotein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen wall
+
+ cellular_component
+ The complex wall surrounding a pollen grain.
+ Note that this term is a child of 'extracellular matrix part ; GO:0044420' rather than the more specific middle lamella-containing extracellular matrix ; GO:0048196', because unlike the usual plant cell wall, the pollen wall does not contain a middle lamella, as specified in the definition of 'middle lamella-containing extracellular matrix ; GO:0048196'.
+ microspore wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the exine is highly resistant to strong acids and bases.
+ The outer layer of the pollen grain wall which is composed primarily of sporopollenin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectexine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The outer part of the exine, which stains positively with basic fuchsin in optical microscopy and has higher electron density in conventionally prepared TEM sections.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that ectexine is distinguished on staining properties; compare with 'sexine ; GO:0043673'. See also 'endexine ; GO:0043671'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ foot layer
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ nexine 1
+ The inner layer of the ectexine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endexine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The inner part of the exine, which stains.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that endexine is distinguished on staining properties; compare with 'sexine ; GO:0043673'. See also 'ectexine ; GO:0043669'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nexine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Note that nexine is distinguished on purely morphological criteria; compare with 'endexine ; GO:0043671'. See also 'sexine ; GO:0043673'.
+ The inner, non-sculptured part of the exine which lies below the sexine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sexine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The outer, sculptured layer of the exine, which lies above the nexine.
+ Note that the sexine sometimes consists of 5 layers, but of those, 3 layers are the most common (sexine 1 = columellae; sexine 2 = tectum; sexine 3 = sculpture elements). Sexine is distinguished on purely morphological criteria; compare with 'ectexine ; GO:0043669'. See also 'nexine ; GO:0043672'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ columella
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sexine 1
+ A rod-like element of the sexine and ectexine, supporting either the tectum (the layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella), or supporting a caput (an architectural element on top of a columella).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sculpture element
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The third layer of the sexine.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tectum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sexine 2
+ cellular_component
+ The layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella, granules or other infratectal elements.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germination pore
+
+ A small pore in the outer wall of a mycelial spore through which the germ tube exits upon germination. It can be apical or eccentric in its location.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Germ_pore
+ germ pore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that the intine is not acetolysis resistant and is therefore absent in conventionally prepared palynological material.
+ cellular_component
+ The innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall which underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nerve terminal
+
+ cellular_component
+ A cell projection in which the distal end of the axon of a nerve fiber terminates. Sensory nerve endings are classified as either free or encapsulated. The free nerve ending are the most common type of nerve ending, and are most frequently found in the skin.
+ nerve ending
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ filiform apparatus
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of cell wall invaginations in a synergid cell, similar to those in transfer cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type IV pilus biogenesis
+
+
+ TFP biogenesis
+ type IV pilus biosynthesis
+ type IV fimbria assembly
+ type IV fimbrial biogenesis
+ type IV fimbriae biogenesis
+ The cellular process by which a type IV pilus is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. A type IV pilus is composed of a pilus fiber and approximately ten proteins at its base; type IV pili play a role in cell motility, adherence to substrates, and aggregation.
+ biological_process
+ type IV fimbrium assembly
+ type IV fimbriae assembly
+ type IV fimbria biogenesis
+ type IV fimbrial assembly
+ type 4 pilus biogenesis
+ type IV fimbrium biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type IV protein secretion system complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of proteins related to those involved in bacterial DNA conjugative transfer, that permits the transfer of nucleoprotein DNA conjugation intermediates or proteins into the extracellular milieu or directly into host cells. In general the type IV complex forms a multisubunit cell-envelope-spanning structure composed of a secretion channel and often a pilus or other surface filament or protein(s).
+ T4SS complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conversion of glutamyl-tRNA to glutaminyl-tRNA
+
+ Note that this process has been observed in some archaeal and bacterial species.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Process whereby glutamate charged on a tRNA(Gln) is converted to glutaminyl-tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ co-translational protein modification
+
+ cotranslational amino acid modification
+ co-translational modification
+ cotranslational modification
+ The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in a protein before the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
+ co-translational amino acid modification
+ cotranslational protein modification
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-translational protein modification
+
+ PTM
+ The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in a protein after the protein has been completely translated and released from the ribosome.
+ posttranslational protein modification
+ post-translational modification
+ post-translational amino acid modification
+ posttranslational amino acid modification
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Posttranslational_modification
+ posttranslational modification
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conversion of aspartyl-tRNA to asparaginyl-tRNA
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Note that this process has been observed in some archeal and bacterial species.
+ Process whereby aspartate charged on a tRNA(Asn) is converted to asparaginyl-tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell adhesion involved in flocculation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, occurring as a part of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell adhesion involved in flocculation via cell wall protein-carbohydrate interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The attachment of one cell to another cell via protein-carbohydrate (flocculin-mannan) interaction, occurring as a part of the mannose-sensitive, nonsexual aggregation of cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reverse cholesterol transport
+
+ The directed movement of peripheral cell cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, towards the liver for catabolism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoterpene metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
+ monoterpene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoterpene biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
+ biological_process
+ monoterpene biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoterpene catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monoterpenes, terpenes with a C10 structure.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ monoterpene catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of pheromone
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a pheromone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dedifferentiation
+
+ Wikipedia:Cellular_differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a specialized structure (cell, tissue or organ) loses structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these structures can revert back to the features of their ancestors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell dedifferentiation
+
+
+ The process whereby a specialized cell loses the structural or functional features that characterize it in the mature organism, or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Under certain conditions, these cells can revert back to the features of the stem cells that were their ancestors.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iridosome
+
+ reflecting platelet
+ cellular_component
+ A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Iridosomes are synthesized in iridophore cells and are silver, gold or iridescent in appearance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucosome
+
+ refractosome
+ A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which uric acid and/or purines crystalize in reflective stacks. Leucosomes are synthesized in leucophore cells and have a whitish cast.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pterinosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which pteridine pigments are synthesized and stored. Pterinosomes are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which an unknown blue pigment is localized. Cyanosomes are synthesized in cyanophores and are blue in appearance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carotenoid vesicle
+
+ A tissue-specific cytoplasmic vesicle surrounded by a membrane half-leaflet within which carotenoid pigments are stored. Carotenoid vescicles are synthesized in xanthophores and erythrophore cells and are yellow, orange or red in appearance.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a photoreceptor cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanophycin metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ multi-L-arginyl-poly(L-aspartic acid) metabolism
+ cyanophycin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyanophycin, a non-protein, non-ribosomally produced amino acid polymer composed of an aspartic acid backbone and arginine side groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterophilic cell adhesion involved in cytoadherence to microvasculature, mediated by parasite protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The attachment of a parasite adhesion molecule to a nonidentical adhesion molecule on the microvasculature of a host cell, thereby adhering the parasite to the host cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The attachment of a cell to either a host cell or a microbial cell of the same species, or to an underlying host substrate, such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules, occurring during the formation of a biofilm in or on a surface in a host species.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell adhesion during biofilm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of a cell to a surface, via cell adhesion molecules, during the formation of a biofilm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell adhesion during single-species biofilm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of a cell to a surface, via cell adhesion molecules, during the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of the same species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell adhesion during multi-species biofilm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The attachment of a cell to a surface, via cell adhesion molecules, during the formation of a biofilm composed of microorganisms of different species.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pilus organization
+
+ pilus organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pilus, a short filamentous structure on a bacterial cell, flagella-like in structure and generally present in many copies.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tpg-containing telomere binding complex
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A complex composed of four polypeptides, a telomere-protecting terminal protein (Tpg), a telomere-associated protein (Tap), DNA polymerase (PolA) and topoisomerase I (TopA), that functions in the replication of the telomeric regions of linear chromosomes, plasmids and circular replicons of some bacterial species.
+ telomere complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA polymerase III, proofreading complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA polymerase III, proof-reading subcomplex
+ cellular_component
+ DNA polymerase III, proof-reading complex
+ A subcomplex of DNA polymerase III composed of the epsilon subunit which has proofreading activity, and the theta subunit which enhances the epsilon subunit's proofreading activity.
+ gosubset_prok
+ DNA polymerase III, proofreading subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA polymerase III, DnaX complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA polymerase III, clamp loader complex
+ clamp loader complex
+ A heptamer that includes the tau and gamma products of the dnaX gene and the chi/psi subcomplex. Confers structural asymmetry that allows the polymerase to replicate both leading and lagging strands.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ DNA polymerase III, DnaX subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA polymerase III, DnaX complex, chi/psi subcomplex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ DNA polymerase III, clamp loader chi/psi subcomplex
+ cellular_component
+ A dimer composed of the chi and psi subunits which is a subassembly of the DNA polymerase III DnaX complex and serves as a bridge between the DnaX complex and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RecFOR complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A heterotrimeric complex composed of the subunits RecF, RecO and RecR. Mediates the loading of RecA protein specifically onto SSB-coated gapped DNA during DNA repair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methanol-CoM methyltransferase complex
+
+ A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a methanol methyltransferase subunit, a corrinoid protein and a methanol-specific corrinoid:coenzyme M methyltransferase subunit. Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methanol to coenzyme M as part of the pathway of methanogenesis from methanol.
+ cellular_component
+ methanol: CoM methyltransferase complex
+ methanol-coenzyme M methyltransferase complex
+ methanol:coenzyme M methyltransferase complex
+ MetaCyc:CPLX-421
+ methanol:CoM methyltransferase complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ methanol: coenzyme M methyltransferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of multi-organism process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of multi-organism process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of multi-organism process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiosis, an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome segregation-directing complex
+
+
+ chromosome segregation directing complex
+ longitudinal peptidoglycan synthesis-directing complex
+ A trimeric protein complex which in E. coli is composed of the subunits MreB, MreC and MreD. The complex directs longitudinal cell wall synthesis, maintaining cell morphology.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ IMG:02994
+ MreBCD complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of viral transcription
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation by host of viral transcription
+ regulation of viral transcription by host
+ Any process by which a host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of viral transcription
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of viral transcription by host
+ Any process by which a host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of viral transcription
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of viral transcription by host
+ Any process by which a host organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent decay
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-dependent decay
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 3'-poly(A) tail.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary ovarian follicle growth during double layer follicle stage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle), during the double layer follicle stage of oogenesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary ovarian follicle growth during primary follicle stage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Increase in size of primary follicles including oocyte growth and granulosa and/or theca cell proliferation until more than one layer of granulosa cells is present (preantral follicle) during the primary follicle stage of oogenesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ossification involved in bone morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ossification involved in skeletal development
+ The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ossification involved in bone remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ossification involved in bone remodelling
+ The formation of bone involved in the continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macromolecular complex subunit organization
+
+ biological_process
+ macromolecular complex subunit organisation
+ macromolecular complex organization
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0034600
+ Any process by which macromolecules aggregate, disaggregate, or are modified, resulting in the formation, disassembly, or alteration of a macromolecular complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporulation
+
+ Wikipedia:Spore
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure. A spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+ The formation of spores derived from the products of meiosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis. A cellular spore is a cell form that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sporulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sporulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sporulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spore over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of cellular spores derived from the products of meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a cellular spore derived from the products of mitosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of catalytic activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up regulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation of enzyme activity in other organism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity
+
+
+
+ up-regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
+ activation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
+ activation of symbiont enzyme activity
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
+ up regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
+ up regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ upregulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
+ activation of host enzyme activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cAMP-mediated signalling
+ Any process which modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signalling
+ Any process which activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signalling
+ Any process which stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signaling, a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein transport by the Sec complex
+
+ Note that this term represents an activity and not a cellular structure. Consider also annotating to the cellular structure term 'cell envelope Sec protein transport complex ; GO:0031522'. For proteins involved in bacterial Type II secretion across the outer membrane, consider annotating to 'protein secretion by the Type II secretion system ; GO:0015628'. For proteins involved in Sec-complex dependent translocation into the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum, consider annotating to 'SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, translocation ; GO:0006616'. Note that this term is used for annotation of proteins that compose the transport complex but not the proteins being transported.
+ biological_process
+ protein secretion by the Sec complex
+ The process by which unfolded proteins are transported across the cytoplasmic membrane in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the Sec complex, in a process involving proteolytic cleavage of an N-terminal signal peptide.
+ protein translocation by the Sec complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein transport by the Tat complex
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which folded proteins are transported across cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and membranes of organelles derived from bacteria (chloroplasts and mitochondria) by the TAT complex.
+ Note that this term represents an activity and not a cellular structure. Consider also annotating to the cellular structure term 'TAT protein translocation system complex ; GO:0033281'. Note that this term is used for annotation of proteins that compose the transport complex but not the proteins being transported.
+ protein translocation by the TAT complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein translocation by the Twin-arginine translocation complex
+ protein secretion by the TAT complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular component maintenance
+
+ The organization process by which a cellular component is preserved in a stable functional or structural state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction; GO:0075336".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3 acetylation
+
+ The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4 acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2A acetylation
+
+ The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2B acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K9 acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ histone H3K9 acetylation
+ histone H3 acetylation at K9
+ The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K18 acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ histone H3K18 acetylation
+ histone H3 acetylation at K18
+ The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 18 of the histone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K23 acetylation
+
+ The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 23 of the histone.
+ biological_process
+ histone H3 acetylation at K23
+ histone H3K23 acetylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K4 acetylation
+
+ histone H3K4 acetylation
+ histone H3 acetylation at K4
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 4 of the histone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K27 acetylation
+
+ histone H3 acetylation at K27
+ The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 27 of the histone.
+ biological_process
+ histone H3K27 acetylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K36 acetylation
+
+ The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 36 of the histone.
+ biological_process
+ histone H3K36 acetylation
+ histone H3 acetylation at K36
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K79 acetylation
+
+ histone H3 acetylation at K79
+ histone H3K79 acetylation
+ The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 79 of the histone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2A-K5 acetylation
+
+ The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
+ biological_process
+ histone H2A acetylation at K5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2A-K9 acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ histone H2A acetylation at K9
+ The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 9 of the histone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2B-K5 acetylation
+
+ The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
+ histone H2B acetylation at K5
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2B-K12 acetylation
+
+ The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.
+ biological_process
+ histone H2B acetylation at K12
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4-K5 acetylation
+
+ histone H4 acetylation at K5
+ The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 5 of the histone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4-K8 acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 8 of the histone.
+ histone H4 acetylation at K8
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4-K12 acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 12 of the histone.
+ histone H4 acetylation at K12
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4-K16 acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ histone H4 acetylation at K16
+ The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an acetyl group to a lysine residue at position 16 of the histone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4-R3 methylation
+
+ The modification of histone H4 by addition of a methyl group to arginine at position 3 of the histone.
+ histone H4R3me
+ histone H4 R3 methylation
+ biological_process
+ histone H4 methylation at R3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-S3 phosphorylation
+
+ histone H3S3 phosphorylation
+ histone H3 phosphorylation at S3
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 3 of the histone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-S10 phosphorylation
+
+ biological_process
+ histone H3S10 phosphorylation
+ The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 10 of the histone.
+ histone H3 phosphorylation at S10
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-S28 phosphorylation
+
+ The modification of histone H3 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 28 of the histone.
+ histone H3S28 phosphorylation
+ histone H3 phosphorylation at S28
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4-S1 phosphorylation
+
+ biological_process
+ histone H4S1 phosphorylation
+ histone H4 phosphorylation at S1
+ The modification of histone H4 by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2A-S1 phosphorylation
+
+ biological_process
+ histone H2A phosphorylation at S1
+ The modification of histone H2A by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 1 of the histone.
+ histone H2AS1 phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2B-S14 phosphorylation
+
+ The modification of histone H2B by the addition of an phosphate group to a serine residue at position 14 of the histone.
+ histone H2B phosphorylation at S14
+ biological_process
+ histone H2BS14 phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ movement within host
+
+
+ The process by which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ migration within host
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directional movement of an organism from one place to another within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acquisition of nutrients from host
+
+
+ The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disruption by symbiont of host cells
+
+
+ disruption by organism of host cells
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the host's cells. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont in host of tumor, nodule, or growth
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism causes the formation of an abnormal mass of cells in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont in host of tumor, nodule, or growth containing transformed cells
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism causes the formation in its host organism of an abnormal growth whose cells have been transformed and continue to exist in the absence of the first organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dissemination or transmission of symbiont from host
+
+
+ The movement of an organism from a host to another host or from a host to another place in the environment. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ dissemination or transmission of organism from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dissemination or transmission of symbiont from host by vector
+
+
+ dissemination or transmission of organism from host by vector
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The movement of an organism from one host to another (or another place in the environment) by means of a third organism (often an insect or other animal). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral transmission by vector
+
+
+ The transfer of virions by means of an organism (often an insect or other animal) in order to create new infection.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single-species biofilm formation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on a surface such, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
+
+
+ A process whereby microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA hypermethylation
+
+ biological_process
+ An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypermethylation of CpG island
+
+ An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in a CpG island in DNA. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.
+ biological_process
+ DNA hypermethylation of CpG island
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA hypomethylation
+
+ biological_process
+ An decrease in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypomethylation of CpG island
+
+ biological_process
+ DNA hypomethylation of CpG island
+ An decrease in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in a CpG island in DNA. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent transfer of a methyl group to either N-6 of adenine or C-5 or N-4 of cytosine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host protein by phosphorylation
+
+ Note that this term is intended for use in annotation of symbiont gene products. For host gene products that phosphorylate host proteins, consider annotation to 'protein amino acid phosphorylation ; GO:0006468'. Consider also annotation to the molecular function term 'protein kinase activity ; GO:0004672'.
+ The process by which an organism adds a phosphate group to a protein of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of indole acetic acid levels in host
+
+ Note that this term is intended for use in annotation of symbiont gene products. For host gene products that regulate indole acetic acid levels in the host, consider annotating to 'auxin homeostasis ; GO:0010252'.
+ modulation by symbiont of auxin levels in host
+ modulation by symbiont of IAA levels in host
+ biological_process
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of indole acetic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-organism metabolic process
+
+
+ multi-organismal metabolic process
+ multi-organismal metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ multi-organism metabolism
+ Any metabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances - which involves more than one organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-organism biosynthetic process
+
+
+ Any biosynthetic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances - which involves more than one organism.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ multi-organismal biosynthesis
+ multi-organism biosynthesis
+ multi-organismal biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-organism catabolic process
+
+
+ Any catabolic process - chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances - which involves more than one organism.
+ gosubset_prok
+ multi-organism catabolism
+ multi-organismal catabolism
+ biological_process
+ multi-organismal catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall macromolecule metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of the cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-organism cell wall macromolecule metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ multi-organism cell wall macromolecule metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules forming, or destined to form, part of a cell wall. A cell wall is a rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis, involving more than one organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall macromolecule biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule destined to form part of a cell wall.
+ cell wall macromolecule anabolism
+ cell wall macromolecule biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ cell wall macromolecule synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular cell wall macromolecule catabolic process
+
+
+
+ cellular cell wall macromolecule catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules forming part of a cell wall, occurring at the level of the cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular cell wall macromolecule breakdown
+ biological_process
+ cellular cell wall macromolecule degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-organism carbohydrate metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, that involve more than one organism.
+ main pathways of carbohydrate metabolic process
+ main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ multi-organism carbohydrate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-organism carbohydrate catabolic process
+
+
+ multi-organism carbohydrate catabolism
+ multi-organism carbohydrate breakdown
+ multi-organism carbohydrate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, involving more than one organism.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucan metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues.
+ biological_process
+ glucan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-organism glucan metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucans, polysaccharides consisting only of glucose residues, involving more than one organism.
+ biological_process
+ multi-organism glucan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via substance in symbiont surface
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance on the surface of the other (symbiont) organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via substance in symbiont cell outer membrane
+
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance in the symbiont cell outer membrane - a lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the symbiont cell envelope. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via substance released outside of symbiont cells
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance that is released by the other organism. This includes substances that are released via pathogen cell lysis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via protein secreted by type I secretion system
+
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type I secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via protein secreted by type V secretion system
+
+ biological_process
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type V secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via protein secreted by type VI secretion system
+
+ biological_process
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism via a type VI secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via substance released by sporangium lysis
+
+ biological_process
+ interaction with host via substance released by lysis of symbiont sporangium
+ gosubset_prok
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via rupture of symbiont sporangia, structures producing and containing spores. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ interaction with host via substance released by sporangia lysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via substance released by symbiont cytolysis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via cytolysis of symbiont cells. Cytolysis is the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ interaction with host via substance released by cytolysis of symbiont
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via substance released by membrane budding
+
+ biological_process
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance released via symbiont membrane budding, the evagination of a membrane resulting in formation of a vesicle.
+ interaction with host via substance released by symbiont membrane budding
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translocation of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm
+
+ transport of peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ translocation of symbiont peptides or proteins into host cell cytoplasm
+ The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by a symbiont organism to a location within the host cell cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rounding by symbiont of host cells
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism causes host cells to change shape and become round.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host system process
+
+
+ regulation by symbiont of host system process
+ biological_process
+ The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a system process in the host. A system process is a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host digestive system process
+
+
+ The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by the host organism to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
+ regulation by symbiont of host digestive system process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of digestive system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host endocrine process
+
+
+ regulation by symbiont of host endocrine process
+ The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a endocrine process, any of the hormonal, neural, and secretory processes that release products into the blood or lymph, in the host organism.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of endocrine process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of endocrine system process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of an endocrine process, any of the hormonal, neural, and secretory processes that release products into the blood or lymph.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host excretion
+
+
+ regulation by symbiont of host excretion
+ The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of excretion, the elimination by the host organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of excretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of excretion, the elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host neurological system process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation by symbiont of host neurological system process
+ biological_process
+ The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a host neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host respiratory system process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The alteration by a symbiont organism of the functioning of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.
+ regulation by symbiont of host respiratory system process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of respiratory system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a respiratory system process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the respiratory system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host cell nucleus
+
+ modification of host cell nucleus by symbiont
+ biological_process
+ modification of host nucleus by symbiont
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host cell nucleus.
+ modification by symbiont of host nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host intercellular junctions
+
+ modification of host intercellular junctions by symbiont
+ The process by which a symbiont organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host intercellular junction, a specialized region of connection between two cells.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host cellular process
+
+
+ modulation of host cellular process by symbiont
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of host cellular process by symbiont
+ Any process by which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell, in its host organism.
+ regulation by symbiont of host cellular process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host anion transport
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ modification of host anion transport by symbiont
+ The process by which a symbiont organism modulates the anion transport, the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge, into, out of, within or between cells, of its host organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of anion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of anions, atoms or small molecules with a net negative charge into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host cell cycle
+
+
+ modulation of host cell cycle by symbiont
+ regulation by symbiont of host cell cycle
+ The process by which a symbiont organism effects a change in its host's cell cycle through direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.
+ modification by symbiont of host cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host cell cycle
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of its host's progression through its cell cycle via direct interactions with the host cell macromolecular machinery.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host translation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation by symbiont of host translation
+ The process in which a symbiont organism effects a change in translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.
+ modification by symbiont of host translation
+ modulation of host translation by symbiont
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host translation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a protein, in its host organism.
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of host translation by symbiont
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host vacuole biogenesis
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole biogenesis in its host organism.
+ modulation of host vacuole biogenesis by symbiont
+ regulation by symbiont of host vacuole biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host vacuole biogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of host vacuole biogenesis by symbiont
+ The process in which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole formation in its host organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis
+ The process by which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.
+ modulation of host receptor-mediated endocytosis by symbiont
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated endocytosis
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of host receptor-mediated endocytosis by symbiont
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a symbiont organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport, in its host organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion
+
+
+
+ modulation of host neurotransmitter secretion by symbiont
+ Any process by which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell or group of cells in its host organism.
+ regulation by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ modification by symbiont of host neurotransmitter secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signaling
+ modulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ regulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction
+ modulation of host cGMP-mediated signal transduction by symbiont
+ modulation by symbiont of host cGMP-mediated signalling
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cGMP-mediated signaling in its host organism. cGMP-mediated signaling is a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic GMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation by symbiont of host nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction
+ modulation by symbiont of host nitric oxide mediated signal transduction
+ Any process by which a symbiont organism modulates the rate, frequency or extent of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction in its host organism. Nitric oxide mediated signal transduction is a series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of nitric oxide (NO).
+ biological_process
+ modulation of host nitric oxide-mediated signal transduction by symbiont
+ modulation of host nitric oxide-mediated signalling by symbiont
+ modulation of host nitric oxide-mediated signaling by symbiont
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ modulation of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction by symbiont
+ biological_process
+ regulation by symbiont of host small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+ Any process by which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction in its host organism.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host Rho protein signal transduction
+
+
+ Any process by which a symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction in its host organism.
+ modulation of host Rho protein signal transduction by symbiont
+ biological_process
+ regulation by symbiont of host Rho protein signal transduction
+ modulation by symbiont of host Rho protein mediated signal transduction
+ modulation by symbiont of host Rho protein-mediated signal transduction
+ modulation of host Rho protein signaling by symbiont
+ modulation of host Rho protein signalling by symbiont
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell membrane pore complex
+
+ pore complex in host cell membrane
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Any small opening in a host cell membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids, composed of host proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular component biogenesis
+
+ The process by which a cellular component is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuole biogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a vacuole is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular component biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, the process by which a cellular component is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vacuole biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole biogenesis, the process by which a vacuole is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular component biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular component biogenesis, the process by which a cellular component is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of vacuole biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vacuole biogenesis, the process by which a vacuole is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane biogenesis
+
+ The process by which a membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of molecular function
+
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of molecular function
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell nuclear part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any constituent part of a host cell's nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell nucleoplasm
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ That part of a host cell's nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. The host is the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type IV pilus
+
+ type IV fimbriae
+ TFP
+ cellular_component
+ A short filamentous structure on the surface of a bacterial cell distinguished from other pili by post-translational N-methylation of the pilin monomers.
+ gosubset_prok
+ type 4 pilus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal metabolic process
+
+
+ multicellular organismal metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. These processes, unlike cellular metabolism, can include transport of substances between cells when that transport is required.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ cellular metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances.
+ goslim_pir
+ intermediary metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
+ primary metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ goslim_generic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salivary polysaccharide catabolic process
+
+ salivary polysaccharide catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides by salivary amylase. Salivary amylase is released by salivary glands, usually in the mouth.
+ salivary polysaccharide degradation
+ biological_process
+ salivary polysaccharide breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal lipid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organismal lipid catabolism
+ biological_process
+ organismal lipid breakdown
+ organismal lipid degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level of a multicellular organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid digestion
+
+ Reactome:230146
+ Reactome:244763
+ Reactome:211764
+ Reactome:238173
+ Reactome:192456
+ The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested lipids into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
+ Reactome:221531
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular lipid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular lipid degradation
+ cellular lipid catabolism
+ cellular lipid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal catabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level. These processes, unlike cellular metabolism, can include transport of substances between cells when that transport is required.
+ organismal breakdown
+ organismal degradation
+ organismal catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal polysaccharide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level of a multicellular organism.
+ biological_process
+ organismal polysaccharide degradation
+ organismal polysaccharide breakdown
+ organismal polysaccharide catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polysaccharide digestion
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:249668
+ Reactome:258995
+ Reactome:268373
+ Reactome:255698
+ The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested polysaccharides into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
+ Reactome:280511
+ Reactome:262365
+ Reactome:189085
+ Reactome:230145
+ Reactome:221530
+ Reactome:289810
+ Reactome:211763
+ Reactome:286533
+ Reactome:238172
+ Reactome:274033
+ Reactome:244762
+ Reactome:282804
+ Reactome:291731
+ Reactome:265284
+ Reactome:252519
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of organismal metabolism
+ regulation of organismal metabolic process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular polysaccharide catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
+ cellular polysaccharide catabolism
+ cellular polysaccharide degradation
+ cellular polysaccharide breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular catabolic process
+
+
+ cellular degradation
+ biological_process
+ cellular breakdown
+ cellular catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, carried out by individual cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular biosynthetic process
+
+
+ cellular synthesis
+ cellular formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular anabolism
+ biological_process
+ cellular biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of metabolic activity during hibernation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of metabolic activity during hibernation
+ down-regulation of metabolic activity during hibernation
+ downregulation of metabolic activity during hibernation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of metabolic activity during hibernation
+ The slowing of metabolic processes to very low levels in order to conserve energy during hibernation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein catabolic process by pepsin
+
+ protein breakdown by pepsin
+ biological_process
+ protein degradation by pepsin
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by pepsin in the stomach. Pepsin is generated from its precursor pepsinogen, which is activated by hydrolchloric acid (gastric acid).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+ inhibition of organismal metabolic process
+ down regulation of organismal metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of organismal metabolic process
+ negative regulation of organismal metabolism
+ downregulation of organismal metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of organismal metabolic process
+ upregulation of organismal metabolic process
+ positive regulation of organismal metabolism
+ activation of organismal metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of organismal metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+ stimulation of organismal metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organismal protein degradation
+ biological_process
+ organismal protein breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein in a multicellular organism, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+ organismal protein catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular lipid metabolic process
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular lipid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein digestion
+
+ The whole of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by living organisms to break down ingested proteins into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+ Reactome:216723
+ biological_process
+ cellular protein breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
+ Reactome:174731
+ Reactome:225605
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:207150
+ cellular protein catabolism
+ Reactome:234256
+ cellular protein degradation
+ Reactome:242004
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intestinal lipid catabolic process
+
+ intestinal lipid breakdown
+ intestinal lipid degradation
+ biological_process
+ intestinal lipid catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown into fatty acids and monoglycerides of lipids in the small intestine. Lipids are broken down by lipases released by the pancreas.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process
+
+
+ organismal macromolecule metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, large molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular macromolecule metabolic process
+
+
+ cellular macromolecule metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal carbohydrate metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ organismal carbohydrate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, in multicellular organisms, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular carbohydrate metabolic process
+
+
+ cellular carbohydrate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ main pathways of carbohydrate metabolic process
+ main pathways of carbohydrate metabolism
+ GO:0006092
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal polysaccharide metabolic process
+
+
+ organismal polysaccharide metabolism
+ organismal glycan metabolic process
+ organismal glycan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, in multicellular organisms that occur at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular polysaccharide metabolic process
+
+
+
+ cellular polysaccharide metabolism
+ cellular glycan metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides, polymers of more than 10 monosaccharide residues joined by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
+ cellular glycan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular macromolecule catabolic process
+
+
+
+ cellular macromolecule degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, as carried out by individual cells.
+ cellular macromolecule breakdown
+ cellular macromolecule catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal macromolecule catabolic process
+
+ organismal macromolecule breakdown
+ biological_process
+ organismal macromolecule degradation
+ organismal macromolecule catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a macromolecule, any large molecule including proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular protein metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes protein modification.
+ cellular protein metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal protein metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+ biological_process
+ organismal protein metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol ether catabolic process
+
+
+ glycerol ether catabolism
+ glycerol ether degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycerol ether breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrogen compound catabolic process
+
+
+ nitrogen compound catabolism
+ cellular nitrogen compound catabolic process
+ nitrogen compound breakdown
+ nitrogen compound degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds.
+ nitrogen compound anabolism
+ nitrogen compound formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular nitrogen compound biosynthetic process
+ nitrogen compound synthesis
+ biological_process
+ nitrogen compound biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfur compound biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ sulfur compound formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
+ sulfur biosynthetic process
+ sulfur biosynthesis
+ sulfur compound anabolism
+ sulfur compound synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ sulfur compound biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfur compound catabolic process
+
+
+ sulfur compound catabolism
+ biological_process
+ sulfur catabolism
+ sulfur catabolic process
+ sulfur compound degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of compounds that contain sulfur, such as the amino acids methionine and cysteine or the tripeptide glutathione.
+ sulfur compound breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal biosynthetic process
+
+ organismal anabolism
+ organismal biosynthesis
+ organismal formation
+ organismal synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances in multicellular organisms, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular carbohydrate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular carbohydrate degradation
+ cellular carbohydrate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, as carried out by individual cells.
+ cellular carbohydrate breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal carbohydrate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ organismal carbohydrate degradation
+ organismal carbohydrate catabolism
+ organismal carbohydrate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y, in multicellular organisms occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-species biofilm formation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby microorganisms of different species attach to and grow on a surface and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-species biofilm formation on inanimate substrate
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby microorganisms of different species attach to and grow on an inanimate surface such as a rock or pipe and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby microorganisms of different species attach to and grow in or on a surface in a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ competition with another organism
+
+ interspecies competition
+ Any process by which an organism within a multispecies research community gains an advantage in growth or survival over another organism of a different species in that research community.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism
+
+ symbiotic interaction between host and organism
+ symbiotic interaction between organisms
+ GO:0043298
+ symbiosis
+ host-pathogen interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ symbiotic interaction
+ An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is usually used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis. The smaller (micro) member is called the symbiont organism. Microscopic symbionts are often referred to as endosymbionts. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs.
+ symbiotic interaction between species
+ biological_process
+ goslim_generic
+ GO:0044404
+ symbiotic interaction with other non-host organism
+ Note that this term encompasses all symbiotic relationships between species along a continuum from mutualism through to parasitism, as outlined in the definition.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recognition of host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of its host via physical or chemical signals. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ detection of host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesion to host
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ host adhesion
+ The attachment of an organism to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ single-species biofilm formation in or on host organism
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby microorganisms of the same species attach to and grow in or on a surface in a host species, and produce extracellular polymers that facilitate attachment and matrix formation, resulting in an alteration in the phenotype of the organisms with respect to growth rate and gene transcription. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development of symbiont on or near host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass, or its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, within the cells or tissues of the host organism.
+ growth or development of organism on or near host surface
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry into host
+
+
+ Penetration by an organism into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ invasive growth
+ invasion of host
+ host invasion
+ invasion into host
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry into host through natural portals
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Penetration by an organism into its host organism via naturally occurring openings in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry into host through host barriers
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Penetration by an organism into its host organism via active breaching of the physical barriers of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development of symbiont within host
+
+
+ The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of the host organism. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down host tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ invasive growth
+ growth or development of organism within host
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ avoidance of host defenses
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ avoidance of host defences
+ Any process, either constitutive or induced, by which an organism evades, suppresses or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression of host defenses
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a host pathway. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of host defenses
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance of host defenses
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of host defense response
+
+
+ The activation by an organism of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of host defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translocation of molecules into host
+
+
+ The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ transport of molecules into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translocation of DNA into host
+
+
+ transport of DNA into host
+ The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interspecies interaction between organisms
+
+ interaction with another species
+ interspecies interaction
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_candida
+ Any process by which an organism has an effect on an organism of a different species.
+ interspecies interaction with other organisms
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular matrix part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular region part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any constituent part of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosomal part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome part
+ gosubset_prok
+ chromosomal component
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
+ chromosome component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleus component
+ Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
+ cellular_component
+ mitochondrion component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoskeletal part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoskeleton component
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi apparatus part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi component
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
+ ER component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic vesicle part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of a chloroplast, a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any constituent part of a plastid, a member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thylakoid part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any constituent part of a thylakoid, a sac-like vesicle that bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic organisms.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material.
+ vacuole component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microbody part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of a microbody, a cytoplasmic organelle, spherical or oval in shape, that is bounded by a single membrane and contains oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisomal part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
+ peroxisome component
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosomal part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation.
+ endosome component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cilium part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule-based flagellum part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of a microtubule-based flagellum, a long, whiplike protrusion from the surface of a eukaryotic cell, whose undulations drive the cell through a liquid medium; similar in structure to a cilium. The flagellum is based on a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules.
+ cellular_component
+ flagellar part (sensu Eukaryota)
+ flagellum part (sensu Eukaryota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pilus part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fimbrium component
+ gosubset_prok
+ pilus component
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of a pilus, a proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria ranging from 2-8 nm in diameter.
+ fimbrial part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytoplasm component
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of cytosol, that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytosol component
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular organelle part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axoneme part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cortex part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of the cell cortex, the region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile fiber part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle fibre component
+ Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
+ contractile fibre component
+ cellular_component
+ muscle fiber component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule organizing center part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of a microtubule organizing center, a region in a eukaryotic cell, such as a centrosome or basal body, from which microtubules grow.
+ MTOC component
+ microtubule organizing centre component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoplasm part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of the nucleoplasm, that part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleolar part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis.
+ nucleolus component
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear membrane part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of the nuclear membrane, the envelope that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear chromosome part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of a nuclear chromosome, a chromosome found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial membrane part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of the mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synapse part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell septum part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of a cell septum, a structure composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials. It usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha and grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellum part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellum component
+ Any constituent part of a flagellum, a long whiplike or feathery structure borne either singly or in groups by the motile cells of many bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes and by the motile male gametes of many eukaryotic organisms, which propel the cell through a liquid medium.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellin-based flagellum part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any constituent part of flagellum, a 20 nm diameter filament composed of subunits of flagellin driven passively at its base by a motor powered by the transmembrane proton potential.
+ cellular_component
+ flagellum part (sensu Bacteria)
+ flagellar part (sensu Bacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ external encapsulating structure part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of an external encapsulating structure, a structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell projection part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell part
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double-strand break repair via single-strand annealing
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Repair of a DSB made between two repeated sequences oriented in the same direction occurs primarily by the single strand annealing pathway. The ends of the break are processed by a 5' to 3' exonuclease, exposing complementary single-strand regions of the direct repeats that can anneal, resulting in a deletion of the unique DNA between the direct repeats.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double-strand break repair via synthesis-dependent strand annealing
+
+ Reactome:83667
+ mitotic gene conversion
+ SDSA is a major mechanism of double-strand break repair in mitosis which allows for the error-free repair of a double-strand break without the exchange of adjacent sequences. The broken DNA searches for and base pairs with a homologous region in an intact chromosome. DNA synthesis initiates from the 3' end of the invading DNA strand, using the intact chromosome as the template. Newly synthesized DNA is then displaced from the template and anneal with its complement on the other side of the double-strand break.
+ SDSA
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication proofreading
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Correction of replication errors by DNA polymerase using a 3'-5' exonuclease activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of fidelity during DNA-dependent DNA replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The correction of errors made during DNA replication by either intrinsic DNA polymerase proofreading activity or via mismatch repair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA deamination
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of an amino group from a nucleotide base in DNA. An example is the deamination of cytosine to produce uracil.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ depurination
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the A or G base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depurinated sugar.
+ Reactome:252567
+ Reactome:282869
+ Reactome:230368
+ Reactome:73927
+ Reactome:238406
+ Reactome:259142
+ Wikipedia:Depurination
+ Reactome:280650
+ Reactome:286668
+ Reactome:293752
+ Reactome:244957
+ Reactome:268455
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:291776
+ Reactome:221791
+ Reactome:288342
+ Reactome:265329
+ Reactome:255749
+ Reactome:274177
+ Reactome:212028
+ Reactome:292424
+ Reactome:262499
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ depyrimidination
+
+
+
+ Reactome:262500
+ Reactome:249835
+ Reactome:212029
+ Reactome:238408
+ Reactome:282870
+ Reactome:291777
+ Reactome:286669
+ Reactome:73928
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:293753
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:252568
+ Reactome:221793
+ Reactome:244956
+ Reactome:265330
+ Reactome:274178
+ Reactome:280651
+ Reactome:255750
+ Reactome:290392
+ Reactome:292425
+ Reactome:288343
+ Reactome:259143
+ Reactome:289854
+ The disruption of the bond between the sugar in the backbone and the C or T base, causing the base to be removed and leaving a depyrimidinated sugar.
+ Reactome:268456
+ Reactome:230370
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chitosome
+
+ An intracellular membrane-bounded particle found in fungi and containing chitin synthase; it synthesizes chitin microfibrils. Chitin synthase activity exists in chitosomes and they are proposed to act as a reservoir for regulated transport of chitin synthase enzymes to the division septum.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin nucleation
+
+ biological_process
+ The initial step in the formation of an actin filament, in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament. Nucleation is slow relative to the subsequent addition of more monomers to extend the filament.
+ actin filament nucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
+
+
+ inhibition of transcription by carbon catabolites
+ downregulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
+ Any process involving carbon catabolites that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription. Carbon catabolite repression is a mechanism of genetic regulation in bacteria in which the accumulation of catabolites of one substance in the cell represses the formation of enzymes that contribute to the catabolism of other substances.
+ down-regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ carbon catabolite repression
+ down regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription by glucose
+
+
+ down regulation of transcription by glucose
+ biological_process
+ glucose repression
+ glucose effect
+ downregulation of transcription by glucose
+ inhibition of transcription by glucose
+ down-regulation of transcription by glucose
+ Any process involving glucose that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription. The presence of glucose in the growth medium inhibits the synthesis of certain enzymes in bacteria growing on the medium. For example, transcription of some catabolic operons is under negative control by specific repressors and glucose is an anti-inducer of xylose utilization and glycerol kinase.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial magnesium ion transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The transport of magnesium ions (Mg2+) into, out of or within a mitochondrion. Transport across the mitochondrial membranes is mediated by a mitochondrial inner membrane protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerolipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glycerolipid synthesis
+ glycerolipid anabolism
+ glycerolipid formation
+ glycerolipid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retrograde transport, vacuole to Golgi
+
+ The directed movement of substances from the vacuole to the trans-Golgi network; this occurs in yeast via the prevacuolar/endosomal compartment.
+ biological_process
+ retrograde transport from the vacuole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of nitric oxide anabolism
+ negative regulation of nitric oxide synthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
+ negative regulation of nitric oxide formation
+ negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ error-prone DNA repair
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ mutagenic DNA repair
+ DNA repair pathways that tend to increase the endogenous mutation rate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ error-free DNA repair
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ DNA repair pathways that do not increase the mutation rate above spontaneous background levels, e.g. excision and recombination pathways.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early endosome to late endosome transport
+
+ The directed movement of substances, in membrane-bounded vesicles, from the early sorting endosomes to the late sorting endosomes; transport occurs along microtubules and can be experimentally blocked with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G0 to G1 transition
+
+ The transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase. Under certain conditions, cells exit the cell cycle during G1 and remain in the G0 state as nongrowing, non-dividing (quiescent) cells. Appropriate stimulation of such cells induces them to return to G1 and resume growth and division. The G0 to G1 transition is accompanied by many changes in the program of gene expression.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial degradosome
+
+ The mitochondrial degradosome (mtEXO) is a three-protein complex which has a 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in intron-independent turnover and processing of mitochondrial transcripts.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane fusion
+
+ cell-cell fusion
+ biological_process
+ The joining of two or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround a cell.
+ GO:0006947
+ cell fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisome inheritance
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The acquisition of peroxisomes by daughter cells from the mother cell after replication. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the number of peroxisomes cells is fairly constant; a subset of the organelles are targeted and segregated to the bud in a highly ordered, vectorial process. Efficient segregation of peroxisomes from mother to bud is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, and active movement of peroxisomes along actin filaments is driven by the class V myosin motor protein, Myo2p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory organ precursor cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of 4 asymmetric divisions undergone by the sensory organ precursor cells to generate the four external sensory organ cells (the socket, shaft, sheath cells and the external sense neuron), together with one multidendritic neuron.
+ biological_process
+ sense organ precursor cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting to chloroplast
+
+ biological_process
+ protein-chloroplast targeting
+ The process of directing proteins towards the chloroplast, usually using signals contained within the protein. Imported proteins are synthesized as cytosolic precursors containing N-terminal uptake-targeting sequences that direct each protein to its correct subcompartment and are subsequently cleaved.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into chloroplast stroma
+
+
+ The import of proteins into the chloroplast stroma. Import depends on ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by stromal chaperones. Chloroplast stromal proteins, such as the S subunit of rubisco, have a N-terminal stromal-import sequence of about 44 amino acids which is cleaved from the protein precursor after import.
+ biological_process
+ chloroplast stroma protein import
+ protein transport into chloroplast stroma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into chloroplast thylakoid membrane
+
+
+ The import of proteins into the chloroplast thylakoid membranes. Proteins that are destined for the thylakoid lumen require two uptake-targeting sequences: the first targets the protein to the stroma, and the second targets the protein from the stroma to the thylakoid lumen. Four separate thylakoid-import systems deal with the proteins once they are in the stroma.
+ biological_process
+ chloroplast thylakoid membrane protein import
+ protein transport into chloroplast thylakoid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into mitochondrial inner membrane
+
+
+ The import of proteins into the mitochondria inner membrane. Inner membrane proteins are first imported into the matrix space where the matrix-targeting sequence is removed; how these proteins then are incorporated into the inner membrane is not known.
+ protein transport into mitochondrial inner membrane
+ mitochondrial inner membrane protein import
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into mitochondrial outer membrane
+
+
+ The import of proteins into the outer membrane of the mitochondrion. Outer membrane proteins have a short matrix-targeting sequence followed by a long stretch of hydrophobic amino acids at the N-terminus. The hydrophobic sequence functions as a stop-transfer sequence that both prevents transfer of the protein into the matrix and anchors it as an integral protein in the outer membrane.
+ biological_process
+ protein transport into mitochondrial outer membrane
+ mitochondrial outer membrane protein import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space
+
+
+ The import of proteins into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
+ protein transport into mitochondrial IMS
+ protein transport into mitochondrial intermembrane space
+ protein import into mitochondrial IMS
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrial intermembrane space protein import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space, conservative
+
+ protein import into mitochondrial IMS, conservative
+ protein transport into mitochondrial intermembrane space, conservative
+ conservative protein transport into mitochondrial intermembrane space
+ conservative mitochondrial intermembrane space protein import
+ biological_process
+ protein transport into mitochondrial IMS, conservative
+ The conservative import of proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The entire protein enters the matrix, and then the second targeting sequence directs the protein, presumably bound to a matrix protein, across the inner membrane to the intermembrane space.
+ conservative protein transport into mitochondrial IMS
+ conservative mitochondrial IMS protein import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space, nonconservative
+
+ protein transport into mitochondrial intermembrane space, non-conservative
+ biological_process
+ protein transport into mitochondrial IMS, non-conservative
+ protein transport into mitochondrial IMS, nonconservative
+ protein transport into mitochondrial intermembrane space, nonconservative
+ protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space, non-conservative
+ protein import into mitochondrial IMS, non-conservative
+ non-conservative protein transport into mitochondrial intermembrane space
+ The nonconservative import of proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The protein enters the intermembrane space and an uptake-targeting sequence functions as a stop-transfer sequence, blocking translocation of the C-terminus of the protein through the inner membrane. Cleavage of the uptake-targeting sequence by a protease in the intermembrane space releases the protein into the IMS.
+ nonconservative protein transport into mitochondrial intermembrane space
+ non-conservative mitochondrial intermembrane space protein import
+ protein import into mitochondrial IMS, nonconservative
+ nonconservative mitochondrial IMS protein import
+ nonconservative mitochondrial intermembrane space protein import
+ non-conservative mitochondrial IMS protein import
+ non-conservative protein transport into mitochondrial IMS
+ nonconservative protein transport into mitochondrial IMS
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into mitochondrial intermembrane space, direct
+
+ direct mitochondrial intermembrane space protein import
+ protein transport into mitochondrial IMS, direct
+ protein import into mitochondrial IMS, direct
+ biological_process
+ direct protein transport into mitochondrial intermembrane space
+ protein transport into mitochondrial intermembrane space, direct
+ direct protein transport into mitochondrial IMS
+ direct mitochondrial IMS protein import
+ Import of proteins directly into the mitochondrial intermembrane space without the assistance of any targeting signals. A conformational change ensures that the protein cannot diffuse back through the outer-membrane channels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein import into peroxisome membrane
+
+
+ peroxisome membrane protein import
+ protein transport into peroxisome membrane
+ biological_process
+ The targeting of proteins into the peroxisomal membrane. The process is not well understood, but both signals and mechanism differ from those involved in peroxisomal matrix protein import.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein targeting to ER
+
+ protein-ER targeting
+ biological_process
+ protein targeting to endoplasmic reticulum
+ protein-endoplasmic reticulum targeting
+ The process of directing proteins towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using signals contained within the protein. One common mechanism uses a 16- to 30-residue signal sequence, typically located at the N-terminus of the protein and containing positively charged amino acids followed by a continuous stretch of hydrophobic residues, which directs the ribosome to the ER membrane and initiates transport of the growing polypeptide across the ER membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein insertion into ER membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion
+ protein-ER insertion
+ localization of protein in ER membrane
+ protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane
+ integral ER membrane protein localization
+ positioning of protein in ER membrane
+ integral ER membrane protein positioning
+ The process by which a protein is incorporated into an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. It depends on specific topogenic sequences of amino acids that ensure that a protein acquires the proper orientation during its insertion into the ER membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein insertion into ER membrane by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence
+
+ protein-ER insertion by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence
+ biological_process
+ protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence
+ N-terminal cleaved signal sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane
+ protein insertion into ER membrane, N-terminal cleaved signal sequence mediated
+ protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by N-terminal cleaved signal sequence
+ The insertion of integral proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. N-terminal cleaved signal sequences direct polypeptides to the ER.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein insertion into ER membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence
+
+ protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence
+ protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence
+ biological_process
+ stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane
+ The insertion of integral proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become an ER membrane spanning helix.
+ protein-ER insertion by stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence
+ protein insertion into ER membrane, stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequence mediated
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein insertion into ER membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence
+
+ internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane
+ protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence
+ protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence
+ protein insertion into ER membrane, internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence mediated
+ protein-ER insertion by internal uncleaved signal-anchor sequence
+ biological_process
+ The insertion of integral proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Signal anchor sequences function as both ER signal sequences and membrane anchor sequences.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein insertion into ER membrane by GPI attachment sequence
+
+ protein insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membrane by GPI attachment sequence
+ protein insertion into ER membrane, GPI attachment sequence mediated
+ The insertion of integral proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Proteins become anchored to the phospholipid bilayer by a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule.
+ GPI attachment sequence mediated protein insertion into ER membrane
+ biological_process
+ protein-ER insertion by GPI attachment sequence
+ protein-endoplasmic reticulum insertion by GPI attachment sequence
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein retention in Golgi apparatus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-Golgi retention
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of protein location in Golgi apparatus
+ The retention of proteins within the Golgi apparatus. Golgi-localized carbohydrate-modifying enzymes have a short N-terminal domain that faces the cytosol, a single transmembrane alpha helix, and a large C-terminal domain that faces the Golgi lumen and that contains the catalytic site. How the membrane-spanning alpha helix in a Golgi enzyme causes its localization and prevents its movement to the plasma membrane is not known.
+ retention of protein in Golgi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ constitutive secretory pathway
+
+ A process of exocytosis found in all eukaryotic cells, in which transport vesicles destined for the plasma membrane leave the trans-Golgi network in a steady stream. Upon exocytosis, the membrane proteins and lipids in these vesicles provide new components for the plasma membrane, and the soluble proteins inside the vesicles are released into the extracellular space.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulated secretory pathway
+
+ A process of exocytosis in which soluble proteins and other substances are initially stored in secretory vesicles for later release. It is found mainly in cells that are specialized for secreting products such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or digestive enzymes rapidly on demand.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcytosis
+
+ Wikipedia:Transcytosis
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cisternal progression
+
+ biological_process
+ cisternal maturation
+ The process by which a new cis-Golgi stack physically moves from the cis-position, nearest the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), to the trans position, farthest from the ER, successively becoming first a medial-Golgi cisterna and then a trans-Golgi cisterna.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T lymphocyte selection
+ Wikipedia:Thymocyte
+ biological_process
+ T-cell selection
+ The process by which T cells that express T cell receptors that are restricted by self MHC protein complexes and tolerant to self antigens are selected for further maturation.
+ T-lymphocyte selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive thymic T cell selection
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive thymic T-cell selection
+ positive thymic T-lymphocyte selection
+ The process of sparing immature T cells in the thymus which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
+ positive thymic T lymphocyte selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative thymic T cell selection
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative thymic T-cell selection
+ negative thymic T-lymphocyte selection
+ negative thymic T lymphocyte selection
+ The process of elimination of immature T cells in the thymus which react strongly with self-antigens.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thymic T cell selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ thymic T-lymphocyte selection
+ The process of T cell selection that occurs in the thymus.
+ thymic T-cell selection
+ thymic T lymphocyte selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrathymic T cell selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of T cell selection that occurs in extrathymic locations, often resulting T cells of distinct specificities from those selected in the thymus.
+ extrathymic T-lymphocyte selection
+ biological_process
+ extrathymic T lymphocyte selection
+ extrathymic T-cell selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires the specialized features of a Th1 cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a Th2 cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+
+ cytotoxic T-cell selection
+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte selection
+ biological_process
+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte selection
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a cytotoxic T cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+ suppressor T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ suppressor T lymphocyte differentiation
+ suppressor T-cell differentiation
+ regulatory T-cell differentiation
+ regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ suppressor T cell differentiation
+ The process by which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive extrathymic T cell selection
+
+
+ positive extrathymic T-lymphocyte selection
+ positive extrathymic T-cell selection
+ The process of sparing extrathymically maturing T cells which react with self-MHC protein complexes with low affinity levels from apoptotic death.
+ biological_process
+ positive extrathymic T lymphocyte selection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative extrathymic T cell selection
+
+
+ negative extrathymic T-cell selection
+ negative extrathymic T lymphocyte selection
+ negative extrathymic T-lymphocyte selection
+ biological_process
+ The process of elimination of extrathymically maturing T cells which react strongly with self-antigens.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of viral genome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of viral genome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of viral genome replication
+ upregulation of viral genome replication
+ up regulation of viral genome replication
+ up-regulation of viral genome replication
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
+ stimulation of viral genome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of viral genome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of viral genome replication
+ downregulation of viral genome replication
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
+ down-regulation of viral genome replication
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of viral genome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
+ regulation of interferon-gamma anabolism
+ regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interferon-gamma synthesis
+ regulation of interferon-gamma formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chemokine synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
+ regulation of chemokine biosynthesis
+ regulation of chemokine formation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of chemokine anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-10 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-10 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-10 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
+ regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-10 formation
+ regulation of interleukin-10 anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-12 formation
+ regulation of interleukin-12 anabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
+ regulation of IL-12 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of IL-12 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-12 synthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-2 anabolism
+ regulation of IL-2 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-2 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-2 synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
+ regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-2 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interferon-gamma synthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
+ negative regulation of interferon-gamma formation
+ negative regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of interferon-gamma anabolism
+ inhibition of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-gamma.
+ positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthesis
+ activation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interferon-gamma anabolism
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of interferon-gamma formation
+ positive regulation of interferon-gamma synthesis
+ up-regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of chemokine biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
+ negative regulation of chemokine anabolism
+ down regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of chemokine synthesis
+ negative regulation of chemokine formation
+ negative regulation of chemokine biosynthesis
+ down-regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of chemokine biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chemokines.
+ positive regulation of chemokine anabolism
+ up regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of chemokine synthesis
+ positive regulation of chemokine formation
+ upregulation of chemokine biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of chemokine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthesis
+ down regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-10 synthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-10 biosynthesis
+ down-regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-10 formation
+ downregulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-10 anabolism
+ negative regulation of IL-10 biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-10.
+ positive regulation of IL-10 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-10 anabolism
+ positive regulation of interleukin-10 synthesis
+ stimulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-10 biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ activation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-10 formation
+ positive regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interleukin-10 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-12 anabolism
+ negative regulation of interleukin-12 formation
+ inhibition of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthesis
+ downregulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-12 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-12 synthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-12 biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of IL-12 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of IL-12 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-12 synthesis
+ activation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12.
+ upregulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-12 anabolism
+ positive regulation of interleukin-12 formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-2 anabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
+ inhibition of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-2 biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-2 synthesis
+ down-regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of IL-2 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-2 formation
+ negative regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthesis
+ activation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-2 synthesis
+ stimulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-2 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-2 formation
+ positive regulation of interleukin-2 anabolism
+ positive regulation of IL-2 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-2.
+ upregulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ innate immune response
+
+
+ Reactome:230427
+ Wikipedia:Innate_immune_system
+ nonspecific immune response
+ Reactome:245026
+ Reactome:221856
+ Reactome:274227
+ This term was improved by GO_REF:0000022. It was moved.
+ GO:0002226
+ innate immune response (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ Reactome:280696
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:212097
+ Reactome:168249
+ Reactome:238466
+ Reactome:262571
+ Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
+ Reactome:259214
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of innate immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of innate immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of innate immune response
+ stimulation of innate immune response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the organism's first line of defense against infection.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of innate immune response
+ upregulation of innate immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retroviral genome replication
+
+ Any process involved in the replication of a retroviral genome. Retroviruses use RNA as their nucleic acid and reverse transcriptase to copy their genome into the DNA of the host cells chromosomes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of retroviral genome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-18 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that binds interleukin-18; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
+ IL-18 receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratin filament
+
+ acidic keratin
+ A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins.
+ basic/neutral keratin
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type III intermediate filament
+
+ peripherin
+ glial fibrillary acidic protein
+ cellular_component
+ A type of intermediate filament, typically made up of one or more of the proteins vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Unlike the keratins, the type III proteins can form both homo- and heteropolymeric IF filaments.
+ type III intermediate filament associated protein
+ desmin
+ vimentin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate filament-based process
+
+ Any cellular process that depends upon or alters the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, that part of the cytoskeleton comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization
+
+
+ intermediate filament cytoskeleton organisation and biogenesis
+ intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising intermediate filaments and their associated proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate filament polymerization or depolymerization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Assembly or disassembly of intermediate filaments by the addition or removal of component parts from a filament.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate filament depolymerization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Disassembly of intermediate filaments by the removal of component monomers from a filament.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate filament polymerization
+
+
+ Assembly of intermediate filaments by the addition of component monomers to a filament. Polymerization of intermediate filament proteins results from interactions among several distinct binding sites on the constituent proteins. Nuclear lamin head-to-tail polymers arise from one such interaction. Deletion analysis localized the binding sites to the ends of the rod domain that are highly conserved among all intermediate filament proteins. Data indicate that one type of interaction in intermediate filament protein polymerization is the longitudinal binding of dimers via the conserved end segments of the coiled-coil rod domain.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intermediate filament polymerization or depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly or disassembly of intermediate filaments by the addition or removal of monomers from a filament; this usually occurs through the opposing action of kinases and phosphatases.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate filament organization
+
+ Control of the spatial distribution of intermediate filaments; includes organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
+ biological_process
+ intermediate filament organisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate filament bundle assembly
+
+
+ tonofilament assembly
+ The formation of the bundles of intermediate filaments, known as tonofilaments. Intermediate filament-associated proteins (IFAPs) cross-link intermediate filaments with one another, forming a bundle or a network, and with other cell structures, including the plasma membrane. The organization of intermediate filaments and their supportive function in various cells types depends in large part on their linkage to other cell structures via IFAPs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate filament cytoskeleton
+
+ Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ integrin synthesis
+ integrin biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins, a large family of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cell-adhesion molecules.
+ integrin formation
+ integrin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
+ regulation of integrin formation
+ regulation of integrin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of integrin anabolism
+ regulation of integrin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+
+ beta 2 integrin anabolism
+ beta 2 integrin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins, a subfamily of integrins which contain the beta 2 subunit.
+ biological_process
+ beta 2 integrin biosynthesis
+ beta 2 integrin synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of beta 2 integrin formation
+ regulation of beta 2 integrin anabolism
+ regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthesis
+ regulation of beta 2 integrin synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein neddylation
+
+
+ Covalent attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 (RUB1) to another protein.
+ RUB1-protein conjugation
+ Note that currently, the only known substrates of neddylation are cullin family proteins.
+ GO:0019943
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ azole transport
+
+ The directed movement of azoles, heterocyclic compounds found in many biologically important substances, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pronucleus
+
+ cellular_component
+ The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.
+ Wikipedia:Pronucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane raft
+
+ GEM domain
+ Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Lipid_raft
+ glycolipid-enriched membrane domain
+ lipid raft
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aflatoxin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ aflatoxin synthesis
+ aflatoxin anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ aflatoxin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
+ aflatoxin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular extravasation
+
+ biological_process
+ The migration of leukocytes from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue.
+ Wikipedia:Leukocyte_extravasation
+ transendothelial leukocyte migration
+ leucocyte cellular extravasation
+ immune cell cellular extravasation
+ leukocyte cellular extravasation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of bone resorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of reciprocal meiotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of meiotic recombination
+ downregulation of meiotic recombination
+ suppression of meiotic recombination
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of meiotic recombination
+ down regulation of meiotic recombination
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis. Reciprocal meiotic recombination is the cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic chromosome segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ development of secondary sexual characteristics
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, testicular/penile enlargement, breast development and menstrual periods. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ development of primary sexual characteristics
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary sexual characteristics are the testes in males and the ovaries in females and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tail tip morphogenesis
+
+ tail tip morphogenesis (sensu Nematoda)
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the tail tip are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The tail tip undergoes morphogenesis to form a copulatory structure. The most posterior hypodermal cells in the tail define a specialized, sexually dimorphic compartment in which cells fuse and retract in the male, changing their shape from a tapered cone to a blunt dome.
+ male tail morphogenesis (sensu Nematoda)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic telomere clustering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ bouquet formation
+ The cell cycle process whereby the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in homologous chromosome pairing and therefore progression through meiosis.
+ bouquet biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homologous chromosome segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0007061
+ meiosis I, chromosome segregation
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic sister chromatid segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiosis II, chromosome segregation
+ The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+
+
+ initiation of acetate breakdown by acetate
+ The activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ initiation of acetate degradation by acetate
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of initiation of acetate breakdown by acetate
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
+ regulation of initiation of acetate degradation by acetate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetoin metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, often as part of a fermentation pathway or for use as a carbon source.
+ acetoin metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetoin catabolic process
+
+
+ acetoin breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ acetoin degradation
+ acetoin catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetoin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ acetoin anabolism
+ acetoin biosynthesis
+ acetoin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetoin, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone.
+ acetoin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myosin I complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A myosin complex containing a class I myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments; myosin I complexes are involved in diverse processes related to membrane traffic and cell movement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuronal ion channel clustering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which voltage-gated ion channels become localized to distinct subcellular domains in the neuron. Specific targeting, clustering, and maintenance of these channels in their respective domains are essential to achieve high conduction velocities of action potential propagation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels
+
+ Nav channel clustering
+ The process by which voltage-gated sodium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, nodes of Ranvier differ dramatically from internodal axonal regions in very high densities of voltage-dependent sodium (Nav) channels responsible for the rapid, inward ionic currents that produce membrane depolarization.
+ voltage-gated sodium channel clustering
+ clustering of voltage gated sodium channels
+ biological_process
+ clustering of voltage-dependent sodium channels
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clustering of voltage-gated potassium channels
+
+ biological_process
+ clustering of voltage gated potassium channels
+ The process by which voltage-gated potassium channels become localized together in high densities. In animals, voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are clustered beneath the myelin sheath in regions immediately adjacent to paranodes, called juxtaparanodes, and along the inner mesaxon within the internode.
+ voltage-gated potassium channel clustering
+ clustering of voltage-dependent potassium channels
+ Kv channel clustering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term was 'cell fate determination' but the term name was changed to better match its existing definition and the child term 'cell fate determination; GO:0001709' was also created.
+ The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asymmetric protein localization resulting in cell fate commitment
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific asymmetric distribution, resulting in the formation of daughter cells of different types.
+ asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate commitment
+ biological_process
+ cell fate commitment, asymmetric protein localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Signaling at long or short range between cells that results in the commitment of a cell to a certain fate.
+ cell-cell signalling involved in cell fate commitment
+ cell fate commitment, cell-cell signalling
+ cell-cell signaling resulting in cell fate commitment
+ cell fate commitment, cell-cell signaling
+ biological_process
+ cell-cell signaling involved in cell fate commitment
+ cell-cell signalling resulting in cell fate commitment
+ cell-cell signalling during cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fusome
+
+ A large intracellular spectrin-rich structure that has been found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells. The fusome is an elongated, branched structure, formed from the spherical spectrosome organelle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spectrosome
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A germline specific spherical organelle, rich in membrane skeletal proteins. Precursor to the fusome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intercellular bridge
+
+ cellular_component
+ A direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another. Germline intercellular bridges facilitate the passage of cytoplasmic components between cells during development. Intercellular bridges have also been found connecting somatic cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germline ring canal
+
+ Germline specific intercellular bridge. During cyst formation in insects, ring canals interconnect the cells of the cyst, facilitating the passage of cytoplasmic components between cells.
+ cellular_component
+ ring canal (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O-sialoglycoprotein catabolic process
+
+ O-sialoglycoprotein breakdown
+ biological_process
+ O-sialoglycoprotein degradation
+ O-sialoglycoprotein catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of O-sialoglycoproteins, glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basal protein localization
+
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of protein localization in basal part of cell
+ establishment and maintenance of basal protein localization
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, basal regions of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apical protein localization
+
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of apical protein localization
+ establishment and maintenance of protein localization in apical part of cell
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, apical regions of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apical part of cell
+
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basal part of cell
+
+ The region of a cell situated near the base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the basal surface rests on the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apical cortex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the apical edge of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basal cortex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the basal edge of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of protein localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ protein recruitment
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
+ protein positioning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of protein location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of protein localization
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein sequestering
+ Any process by which a protein is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration, stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that do move away.
+ protein retention
+ active protein retrieval
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zonula adherens assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Assembly of the zonula adherens, a cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sleep
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sleep; a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of non-REM sleep
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of non-rapid eye movement sleep.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CTGF, produced by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and by skin fibroblasts after activation with TGF-beta.
+ connective tissue growth factor anabolism
+ connective tissue growth factor synthesis
+ CTGF biosynthesis
+ connective tissue growth factor formation
+ connective tissue growth factor biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isotype switching
+
+
+ biological_process
+ class switch recombination
+ Note that IgM and IgD can be coexpressed by B cells via an alternate splicing mechanism, but true recombinational isotype switching to IgD has been demonstrated as well. Note that this term is best used to annotate gene products which are involved in the mechanism of DNA recombination used in isotype switching, like the B cell specific Swap70 factor in the mouse, rather than gene products which promote isotype switching such as cytokines or co-stimulatory molecules, which should instead be annotated to 'regulation of isotype switching ; GO:0045191'.
+ isotype switch recombination
+ class switching
+ Wikipedia:Immunoglobulin_class_switching
+ The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of other isotypes of immunoglobulin, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion involving switch regions that reside 5' of each constant region gene segment in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of isotype switching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
+ regulation of class switching
+ regulation of isotype switch recombination
+ biological_process
+ regulation of class switch recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of neuroblast polarity
+
+ establishment and/or maintenance of neuroblast polarity (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+ GO:0043339
+ biological_process
+ Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
+ establishment and/or maintenance of neuroblast polarity (sensu Vertebrata)
+ establishment and/or maintenance of neuroblast cell polarity
+ GO:0043342
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity
+
+ Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity
+
+
+ The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of an epithelial cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of neuroblast polarity
+
+
+ The specification and formation of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
+ GO:0043343
+ establishment of neuroblast cell polarity
+ biological_process
+ establishment of neuroblast polarity (sensu Vertebrata)
+ GO:0043340
+ establishment of neuroblast polarity (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of neuroblast polarity
+
+
+ maintenance of neuroblast polarity (sensu Vertebrata)
+ maintenance of neuroblast cell polarity
+ biological_process
+ GO:0043344
+ maintenance of neuroblast polarity (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+ GO:0043341
+ The maintenance of the apicobasal polarity of a neuroblast cell, a progenitor of the central nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synapse
+
+ Wikipedia:Chemical_synapse
+ cellular_component
+ The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
+ synaptic junction
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integral to cell outer membrane
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ integral to external membrane (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ integral to outer membrane (sensu Proteobacteria)
+ integral to outer membrane (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
+ Located such that some or all of the gene product itself penetrates at least one phospholipid bilayer of the external outer membrane of the cell. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
+ integral to external membrane (sensu Proteobacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MAPK export from nucleus
+
+ MAPK-nucleus export
+ biological_process
+ cytoplasmic translocation of mitogen-activated protein kinase
+ MAPK transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ cytoplasmic translocation of MAP kinase
+ MAPK export out of nucleus
+ The directed movement of a MAP kinase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
+ MAPK export from cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MAPK phosphatase export from nucleus
+
+ The directed movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
+ MAPK phosphatase export from cell nucleus
+ MAPK phosphatase transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ MAPK phosphatase export out of nucleus
+ biological_process
+ MAPK phosphatase-nucleus export
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MAPK phosphatase export from nucleus, leptomycin B sensitive
+
+ MAPK phosphatase transport from nucleus to cytoplasm, leptomycin B sensitive
+ MAPK phosphatase-nucleus export, leptomycin B sensitive
+ biological_process
+ MAPK phosphatase export from cell nucleus, leptomycin B sensitive
+ leptomycin B-sensitive MAPK phosphatase export out of nucleus
+ leptomycin B-sensitive MAPK phosphatase transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ Leptomycin B-sensitive movement of a MAPK phosphatase from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
+ leptomycin B-sensitive MAPK phosphatase-nucleus export
+ MAPK phosphatase export out of nucleus, leptomycin B sensitive
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FasL biosynthetic process
+
+ FasL formation
+ FasL biosynthesis
+ CD95 biosynthetic process
+ FasL anabolism
+ Apo-1 biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL (CD95), an antigen originally found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines.
+ biological_process
+ FasL synthesis
+ Apo-1 biosynthetic process
+ CD95 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ postsynaptic membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+ neurotransmitter receptor anabolism
+ neurotransmitter receptor biosynthesis
+ neurotransmitter receptor formation
+ neurotransmitter receptor synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neurotransmitter receptors.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurotransmitter receptor metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ neurotransmitter receptor metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitter receptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcomere organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The myofibril assembly process by which the muscle actomyosin is organized into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
+ sarcomere organisation
+ sarcomere alignment
+ biological_process
+ GO:0006938
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell junction organization
+
+ intercellular junction assembly and maintenance
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.
+ biological_process
+ cell-cell junction assembly and maintenance
+ cell-cell junction biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell junction maintenance
+
+
+ intercellular junction maintenance
+ The maintenance of junctions between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zonula adherens maintenance
+
+ Maintaining the zonula adherens junction, the cell-cell adherens junction formed near the apex of epithelial cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
+ regulation of FasL formation
+ regulation of FasL synthesis
+ regulation of FasL biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of FasL anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of FasL biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of FasL biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of FasL synthesis
+ positive regulation of FasL anabolism
+ upregulation of FasL biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
+ positive regulation of FasL formation
+ positive regulation of FasL biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of FasL biosynthesis
+ down regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of FasL synthesis
+ negative regulation of FasL formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of FasL.
+ downregulation of FasL biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of FasL anabolism
+ inhibition of FasL biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of FasL biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD4 biosynthetic process
+
+ CD4 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ CD4 biosynthesis
+ CD4 formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4, a CD marker that occurs on T-helper cells and is involved in MHC class II restricted interactions.
+ CD4 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of CD4 anabolism
+ regulation of CD4 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
+ regulation of CD4 formation
+ regulation of CD4 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of CD4 formation
+ positive regulation of CD4 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of CD4 anabolism
+ positive regulation of CD4 biosynthesis
+ activation of CD4 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of CD4 synthesis
+ negative regulation of CD4 formation
+ negative regulation of CD4 biosynthesis
+ inhibition of CD4 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CD4.
+ down regulation of CD4 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of CD4 anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ extracellular polysaccharide anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
+ extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis
+ extracellular polysaccharide formation
+ extracellular polysaccharide synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ capsule polysaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides that make up the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
+ capsule polysaccharide biosynthesis
+ capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic process
+ capsule polysaccharide anabolism
+ capsule polysaccharide formation
+ capsule polysaccharide synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slime layer polysaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ slime layer polysaccharide formation
+ slime layer polysaccharide synthesis
+ slime layer polysaccharide anabolism
+ slime layer polysaccharide biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of polysaccharides in the slime layer, a diffused layer of polysaccharide exterior to the bacterial cell wall.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ external encapsulating structure organization
+
+ external encapsulating structure organization and biogenesis
+ external encapsulating structure organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of external structures that lie outside the plasma membrane and surround the entire cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ capsule organization
+
+ capsule organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the capsule, a protective structure surrounding some species of bacteria and fungi.
+ goslim_pir
+ capsule organization and biogenesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ slime layer organization
+
+ slime layer organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a slime layer. A slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds a cell.
+ slime layer organisation and biogenesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-layer organization
+
+ S-layer organisation and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ S-layer organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an S-layer enveloping the cell. The S-layer is a crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein palmitoleylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a palmitoleyl moiety to a protein.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid palmitoleylation
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The covalent or non-covalent attachment of a palmitoleyl moiety to a protein amino acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex
+
+
+ TCA cycle enzyme complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
+ alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
+ A protein complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ Cytosolic complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
+ alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)
+
+ cellular_component
+ Complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)
+
+
+ Cytosolic complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+) (sensu Bacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ succinate-CoA ligase complex (GDP-forming)
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain and found in eukaryotes. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming GTP.
+ succinate-CoA ligase complex (GDP-forming) (sensu Bacteria)
+ succinyl-CoA synthetase, GDP-forming
+ succinate-CoA ligase complex (GDP-forming) (sensu Eukaryota)
+ GO:0045245
+ GO:0008325
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex
+
+ Any of the heteromeric enzymes, located in the cytosol, that act in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
+ cellular_component
+ TCA cycle enzyme complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic electron transfer flavoprotein complex
+
+ A protein complex located in the cytosol containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors.
+ cellular_component
+ electron transfer flavoprotein complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+ See also the molecular functions term 'oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity ; GO:0004591', 'dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase activity ; GO:0004149' and 'dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
+ A cytosolic complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosol pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex
+
+ See also the cellular component term 'cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex ; GO:0045250'.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A cytosolic complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
+ pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (lipoamide) (sensu Bacteria)
+ Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The functions of this complex are represented by the molecular function terms 'pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) activity ; GO:0004739', 'dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0004742', and 'dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Usually contains fewer subunits than its eukaryotic counterpart; for example, the E. coli complex contains 12 E1 dimers, 8 E2 trimers, and 6 E3 dimers arranged in highly symmetric cubic order.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electron transfer flavoprotein complex
+
+
+ A protein complex containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which form a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the mitochondrial electron transport system.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ See also the molecular functions term 'oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity ; GO:0004591', 'dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase activity ; GO:0004149' and 'dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
+ A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ See also the cellular component term 'cytosolic pyruvate dehydrogenase complex ; GO:0045250'.
+ A complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The functions of this complex are represented by the molecular function terms 'pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) activity ; GO:0004739', 'dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0004742', and 'dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
+ dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase complex
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0009364
+ Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
+ Wikipedia:Pyruvate_dehydrogenase_complex
+ pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (lipoamide)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)
+
+ cellular_component
+ The enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)
+
+
+ succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ The enzyme, located in the plasma membrane, that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
+
+
+ GO:0045255
+ hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex
+ proton-transporting F-type ATPase complex
+ A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis by a rotational mechanism; the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits and the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
+
+
+ hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ GO:0045256
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ plasma membrane hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F1 sector
+ The sector of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex in which the catalytic activity resides; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with a membrane, such as the plasma membrane or the mitochondrial inner membrane, when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ See also the cellular component term 'plasma membrane ; GO:0005886'.
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F1 sector (sensu Bacteria)
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1) (sensu Bacteria)
+ The catalytic sector of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the plasma membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F0 sector
+ gosubset_prok
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, coupling factor CF(0)
+ cellular_component
+ All non-F1 subunits of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(0)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o) (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F0 sector (sensu Bacteria)
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(0) (sensu Bacteria)
+ All non-F1 subunits of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral plasma membrane proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core.
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk (sensu Bacteria)
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk (sensu Bacteria)
+ One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core (sensu Bacteria)
+ The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.
+ cellular_component
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk (sensu Bacteria)
+ One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the plasma membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory chain complex I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electron transport complex I
+ gosubset_prok
+ NADH dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)
+ GO:0045279
+ Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function possessed by this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity ; GO:0008137'.
+ NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex
+ NADH-Q oxidoreductase complex
+ cellular_component
+ Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain. It consists of at least 34 polypeptide chains and is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane respiratory chain complex I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory chain complex I (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ A subcomplex of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane. It contains about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron. The iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III), and catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory chain complex II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ electron transport complex II
+ A part of the respiratory chain, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane respiratory chain complex II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.
+ gosubset_prok
+ respiratory chain complex II (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory chain complex III
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ complex III
+ electron transport complex III
+ ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex
+ GO:0032842
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytochrome bc1 complex
+ cytochrome bc(1) complex
+ ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex
+ Wikipedia:Coenzyme_Q_-_cytochrome_c_reductase
+ GO:0045285
+ A protein complex that transfers electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c and translocates two protons across a membrane. The complex contains a core structure of three catalytic subunits: cytochrome b, the Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP), and cytochrome c1, which are arranged in an integral membrane-bound dimeric complex; additional subunits are present, and vary among different species.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane respiratory chain complex III
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ respiratory chain complex III (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+ ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ plasma membrane ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex
+ cellular_component
+ A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.
+ GO:0045286
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory chain complex IV
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).
+ electron transport complex IV
+ cytochrome c oxidase complex
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ GO:0045287
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane respiratory chain complex IV
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytochrome c oxidase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ cellular_component
+ respiratory chain complex IV (sensu Bacteria)
+ A part of the respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0045288
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ succinate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind or react with quinones.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane succinate dehydrogenase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind/react with quinones.
+ succinate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fumarate reductase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:003510; InterPro:004224) and D (InterPro:003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)).
+ cellular_component
+ See also the molecular function term 'succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity ; GO:0008177'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane fumarate reductase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:003510; InterPro:00224) and D (InterPro:003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. In some species, the complex has only three subunits, and in these cases, there is only one membrane anchor instead of two. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)). As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
+ cellular_component
+ See also the molecular function term 'succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity ; GO:0008177'.
+ fumarate reductase complex (sensu Bacteria)
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear mRNA trans splicing, SL addition
+
+ nuclear mRNA trans splicing, spliced leader addition
+ The joining together of two independently transcribed RNAs, where the one that provides the 5' portion of the final mRNA is from a splice leader RNA (SL-RNA). The SL-RNA, or mini-exon donor sequence, is added to the 5'-end of the acceptor RNA molecule which provides the mRNA body.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear mRNA cis splicing, via spliceosome
+
+ nuclear mRNA cis splicing, via U2-type spliceosome
+ biological_process
+ The joining together, after removal of an intervening sequence composed of one or more introns, of two segments of the same RNA molecule via spliceosomal catalysis to produce an mRNA composed only of exon sequences that all came from the same primary transcript.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA editing complex
+
+
+ editosome
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that posttranscriptionally catalyzes insertion, deletion or substitution of nucleotides at multiple sites within nascent mRNA transcripts to produce mature mRNAs in eukaryotes.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-mating behavior
+
+ biological_process
+ post-mating behaviour
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism following mating.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tubulin complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ otolith mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The precipitation of specific crystal forms of calcium carbonate with extracellular matrix proteins in the otolith organs of the vertebrate inner ear.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process by which a cell becomes able to take up and incorporate extracellular DNA into its genome.
+ regulator of establishment of competence for transformation activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ filamentous growth in response to pheromones
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The growth of colonies in filamentous chains of cells as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nor-spermidine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ nor-spermidine synthesis
+ nor-spermidine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ nor-spermidine formation
+ nor-spermidine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhabdomere membrane biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a rhabdomere membrane is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ activation of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
+ up-regulation of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ up regulation of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ stimulation of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ upregulation of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of compound eye photoreceptor development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ down-regulation of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ down regulation of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of compound eye photoreceptor development.
+ negative regulation of eye photoreceptor development (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ equator specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation and development of the equator that forms the boundary between the photoreceptors in the dorsal sector of the eye and those in the ventral sector, dividing the eye into dorsal and ventral halves.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloroplast proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ chloroplast hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex
+ chloroplast proton-transporting F-type ATPase complex
+ hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex (sensu Viridiplantae)
+ A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane; it catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during photo-phosphorylation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte activation
+
+
+ leucocyte activation
+ A change in morphology and behavior of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
+ immune cell activation
+ Wikipedia:Immunologic_activation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-1 receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that binds interleukin-1; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ late endosome to vacuole transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances from late endosomes to the vacuole. In yeast, after transport to the prevacuolar compartment, endocytic content is delivered to the late endosome and on to the vacuole. This pathway is analogous to endosome to lysosome transport.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-tryptophan hydroxylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational hydroxylation of peptidyl-tryptophan, to form peptidyl-L-3-hydroxytryptophan.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0322
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via the 3'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine
+
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue by the formation of O4'-(phospho-3'-DNA)-L-tyrosine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0323
+ DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via the 3'-end to peptidyl-tyrosine
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-DNA covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a covalent cross-link between DNA and a peptidyl-tyrosine residue.
+ DNA-protein covalent cross-linking via peptidyl-tyrosine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytochrome P450 4A1-heme linkage
+
+
+ The covalent linkage of heme to cytochrome P450 4A1 via hydroxyheme-L-glutamyl ester.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0324
+ cytochrome P450 4A1-haem linkage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carnitine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ Reactome:252421
+ Reactome:255582
+ Reactome:280477
+ vitamin Bt biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ carnitine anabolism
+ Reactome:291701
+ carnitine synthesis
+ vitamin Bt biosynthesis
+ Reactome:221464
+ Reactome:71262
+ Reactome:258958
+ Reactome:289796
+ Reactome:265179
+ Reactome:211693
+ Reactome:293677
+ Reactome:290349
+ Reactome:292371
+ Reactome:268307
+ Reactome:262331
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carnitine (hydroxy-trimethyl aminobutyric acid), a compound that participates in the transfer of acyl groups across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
+ Reactome:249628
+ Reactome:244711
+ Reactome:286495
+ Reactome:288252
+ carnitine biosynthesis
+ carnitine formation
+ Reactome:238113
+ Reactome:230091
+ Reactome:273997
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipid translocation
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The translocation, or flipping, of phospholipid molecules from one monolayer of a membrane bilayer to the opposite monolayer.
+ biological_process
+ flippase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular respiration
+
+ The enzymatic release of energy from organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
+ oxidative metabolism
+ respiration
+ goslim_candida
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Cellular_respiration
+ goslim_yeast
+ gosubset_prok
+ oxidative metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle
+
+
+ A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phagocytic vesicle
+
+ A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
+ Wikipedia:Phagosome
+ cellular_component
+ phagosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle
+
+
+ clathrin-coated phagosome
+ A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ farnesyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ farnesyl diphosphate biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5123
+ farnesyl diphosphate anabolism
+ farnesyl diphosphate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of farnesyl diphosphate.
+ farnesyl diphosphate formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ farnesyl diphosphate metabolic process
+
+ farnesyl diphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving farnesyl diphosphate, an intermediate in carotenoid, sesquiterpene, squalene and sterol biosynthesis, as well as a substrate in protein farnesylation.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ farnesyl diphosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ farnesyl diphosphate degradation
+ farnesyl diphosphate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ farnesyl diphosphate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of farnesyl diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHC class I biosynthetic process
+
+ major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class I.
+ biological_process
+ MHC class I biosynthesis
+ major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis
+ MHC class I synthesis
+ MHC class I formation
+ MHC class I anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MHC class II biosynthetic process
+
+ MHC class II synthesis
+ MHC class II biosynthesis
+ major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis
+ MHC class II anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of major histocompatibility protein class II.
+ MHC class II formation
+ major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of MHC class I biosynthesis
+ regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process
+ regulation of MHC class I formation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of MHC class I synthesis
+ regulation of MHC class I anabolism
+ regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of MHC class I anabolism
+ negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of MHC class I formation
+ down-regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of MHC class I biosynthesis
+ downregulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
+ down regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of MHC class I synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+ activation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of MHC class I formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class I.
+ positive regulation of MHC class I synthesis
+ upregulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of MHC class I anabolism
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of MHC class I biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of MHC class II anabolism
+ regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process
+ regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
+ regulation of MHC class II synthesis
+ regulation of MHC class II biosynthesis
+ regulation of MHC class II formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
+ inhibition of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of MHC class II anabolism
+ downregulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of MHC class II synthesis
+ negative regulation of MHC class II formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of MHC class II anabolism
+ positive regulation of MHC class II formation
+ up-regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+ activation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of MHC class II.
+ up regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of MHC class II synthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IFN-alpha biosynthesis
+ interferon-alpha synthesis
+ IFN-alpha biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
+ interferon-alpha anabolism
+ interferon-alpha formation
+ interferon-alpha biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interferon-beta formation
+ interferon-beta biosynthesis
+ IFN-beta biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ IFN-beta biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
+ interferon-beta anabolism
+ interferon-beta synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type I interferon biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type I interferon formation
+ type I interferon synthesis
+ type I interferon biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ interferon type I biosynthetic process
+ type I interferon anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any type I interferon. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interferon-alpha synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interferon-alpha formation
+ regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthesis
+ regulation of interferon-alpha anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
+ negative regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interferon-alpha anabolism
+ down regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interferon-alpha synthesis
+ negative regulation of interferon-alpha formation
+ down-regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interferon-alpha anabolism
+ stimulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interferon-alpha formation
+ positive regulation of interferon-alpha synthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-alpha.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
+ regulation of interferon-beta anabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interferon-beta biosynthesis
+ regulation of interferon-beta synthesis
+ regulation of interferon-beta formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
+ inhibition of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interferon-beta synthesis
+ negative regulation of interferon-beta formation
+ down-regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interferon-beta anabolism
+ negative regulation of interferon-beta biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ activation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interferon-beta formation
+ positive regulation of interferon-beta anabolism
+ positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interferon-beta synthesis
+ up regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interferon-beta.
+ stimulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-1 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-1 anabolism
+ regulation of interleukin-1 synthesis
+ regulation of IL-1 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
+ regulation of interleukin-1 formation
+ regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-1 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-1 biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 formation
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 synthesis
+ inhibition of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of IL-1 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1.
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 formation
+ stimulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 anabolism
+ positive regulation of IL-1 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ activation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 synthesis
+ up-regulation of interleukin-1 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-11 formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-11 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-11 anabolism
+ regulation of IL-11 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-11 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-11 synthesis
+ down-regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-11 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-11 formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-11 anabolism
+ inhibition of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of IL-11 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-11 formation
+ up regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-11 synthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-11 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-11.
+ positive regulation of IL-11 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of IL-11 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-11 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-13 formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
+ regulation of interleukin-13 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-13 synthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-13 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-13 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-13 synthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-13 anabolism
+ downregulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-13 biosynthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-13 formation
+ negative regulation of IL-13 biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-13.
+ upregulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-13 synthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-13 anabolism
+ positive regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of IL-13 biosynthesis
+ up regulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-13 formation
+ positive regulation of IL-13 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-13 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-14 anabolism
+ regulation of interleukin-14 synthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-14 biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
+ regulation of IL-14 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-14 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-14 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-14 anabolism
+ negative regulation of interleukin-14 synthesis
+ downregulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-14 formation
+ negative regulation of IL-14 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-14 synthesis
+ activation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-14 formation
+ positive regulation of IL-14 biosynthesis
+ up regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-14 anabolism
+ up-regulation of interleukin-14 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-14 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-14.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-15 anabolism
+ regulation of IL-15 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-15 formation
+ regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-15 synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
+ regulation of IL-15 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of IL-15 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-15 formation
+ negative regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthesis
+ down-regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-15 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
+ inhibition of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-15 anabolism
+ down regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-15 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-15.
+ positive regulation of interleukin-15 synthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-15 anabolism
+ upregulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-15 formation
+ positive regulation of IL-15 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-15 biosynthesis
+ stimulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interleukin-15 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
+ regulation of interleukin-16 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-16 formation
+ regulation of IL-16 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-16 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-16 anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-16 biosynthesis
+ down regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-16 synthesis
+ down-regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-16 formation
+ negative regulation of interleukin-16 anabolism
+ negative regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
+ negative regulation of IL-16 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-16 synthesis
+ up regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-16 anabolism
+ stimulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-16 biosynthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-16.
+ positive regulation of IL-16 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of IL-16 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-16 formation
+ upregulation of interleukin-16 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-17.
+ regulation of interleukin-17 formation
+ regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-17 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of IL-17 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-17 synthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-17 anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-17 formation
+ negative regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthesis
+ down-regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-17 anabolism
+ inhibition of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-17 synthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-17 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-17 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-17.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of IL-17 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-17 synthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-17 anabolism
+ upregulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-17 biosynthesis
+ stimulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-17.
+ positive regulation of interleukin-17 formation
+ activation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interleukin-17 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-18 formation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-18 synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
+ regulation of IL-18 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-18 anabolism
+ regulation of IL-18 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-18 synthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-18 anabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-18 formation
+ downregulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of IL-18 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-18 biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of IL-18 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-18 formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-18.
+ positive regulation of interleukin-18 anabolism
+ up-regulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-18 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-18 synthesis
+ upregulation of interleukin-18 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-19 synthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-19 anabolism
+ regulation of IL-19 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
+ regulation of interleukin-19 formation
+ regulation of IL-19 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-19 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
+ negative regulation of IL-19 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-19 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthesis
+ down-regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-19 synthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-19 formation
+ downregulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-19 formation
+ positive regulation of interleukin-19 synthesis
+ positive regulation of IL-19 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-19 anabolism
+ positive regulation of IL-19 biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-19.
+ activation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-19 biosynthesis
+ stimulation of interleukin-19 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-20 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-20 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-20 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-20 synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
+ regulation of interleukin-20 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
+ down regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-20 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-20 anabolism
+ negative regulation of interleukin-20 synthesis
+ inhibition of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-20 formation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-20 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-20 formation
+ up-regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-20 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-20 anabolism
+ positive regulation of IL-20 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-20 biosynthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-20.
+ positive regulation of interleukin-20 synthesis
+ stimulation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-20 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-21 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-21 synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
+ regulation of interleukin-21 anabolism
+ regulation of IL-21 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-21 formation
+ regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-21 synthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-21 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-21 biosynthesis
+ down-regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-21 anabolism
+ down regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-21 formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthesis
+ inhibition of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-21 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-21 anabolism
+ positive regulation of interleukin-21 synthesis
+ upregulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-21 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-21 formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-21.
+ positive regulation of IL-21 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-22 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-22 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
+ regulation of interleukin-22 synthesis
+ regulation of IL-22 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-22 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthesis
+ downregulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-22 synthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-22 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-22 anabolism
+ negative regulation of interleukin-22 formation
+ inhibition of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
+ negative regulation of IL-22 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of IL-22 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-22 formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-22.
+ up regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-22 synthesis
+ positive regulation of IL-22 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthesis
+ activation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-22 anabolism
+ up-regulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of interleukin-22 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-23 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
+ regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-23 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-23 formation
+ regulation of interleukin-23 anabolism
+ regulation of IL-23 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-23 formation
+ inhibition of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-23 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-23 synthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-23 anabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
+ down-regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-23 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of IL-23 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-23 synthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-23 anabolism
+ up regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-23 formation
+ positive regulation of IL-23 biosynthesis
+ stimulation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-23.
+ activation of interleukin-23 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-3 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-3 synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
+ regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-3 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-3 anabolism
+ regulation of interleukin-3 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-3 anabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
+ inhibition of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-3 formation
+ negative regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-3 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-3 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-3 synthesis
+ down regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-3.
+ positive regulation of IL-3 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-3 synthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-3 anabolism
+ up regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-3 formation
+ positive regulation of IL-3 biosynthesis
+ upregulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of interleukin-3 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-4 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of IL-4 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-4 synthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-4 anabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
+ regulation of interleukin-4 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of IL-4 biosynthesis
+ inhibition of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-4 synthesis
+ down regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-4 formation
+ negative regulation of interleukin-4 anabolism
+ downregulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-4 biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-4 formation
+ upregulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-4 biosynthesis
+ stimulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-4.
+ up-regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-4 anabolism
+ positive regulation of IL-4 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-4 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-4 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-5 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of IL-5 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-5 synthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-5 formation
+ regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-5 anabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-5 biosynthesis
+ downregulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-5 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-5 anabolism
+ negative regulation of interleukin-5 formation
+ negative regulation of interleukin-5 synthesis
+ inhibition of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthesis
+ down regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of IL-5 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-5 formation
+ stimulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-5 synthesis
+ up-regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-5 anabolism
+ upregulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-5.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of IL-5 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interleukin-5 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-6 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-6 formation
+ regulation of IL-6 biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
+ regulation of interleukin-6 anabolism
+ regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-6 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-6 synthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
+ down regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-6 formation
+ negative regulation of interleukin-6 anabolism
+ down-regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-6 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-6 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-6 anabolism
+ up regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-6 biosynthesis
+ activation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-6 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-6 synthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-6 formation
+ stimulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-7 anabolism
+ regulation of IL-7 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-7 synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-7 formation
+ regulation of IL-7 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-7 synthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-7 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-7 anabolism
+ negative regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthesis
+ inhibition of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-7 formation
+ down regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-7 biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-7 biosynthesis
+ activation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-7 anabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-7.
+ positive regulation of interleukin-7 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-7 formation
+ positive regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of IL-7 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-7 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-8 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-8 anabolism
+ regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-8 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
+ regulation of interleukin-8 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-8 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-8 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-8 synthesis
+ downregulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of IL-8 biosynthesis
+ down-regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-8 anabolism
+ negative regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-8 formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
+ inhibition of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-8 anabolism
+ positive regulation of IL-8 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-8 synthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthesis
+ up regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-8 formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-8.
+ activation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-8 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-9 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-9 synthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthesis
+ regulation of IL-9 biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
+ regulation of interleukin-9 formation
+ regulation of IL-9 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-9 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-9 formation
+ negative regulation of IL-9 biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-9 anabolism
+ down regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-9 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-9 synthesis
+ positive regulation of IL-9 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of IL-9 biosynthesis
+ stimulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-9.
+ positive regulation of interleukin-9 formation
+ up-regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-9 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-9 anabolism
+ upregulation of interleukin-9 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of connective tissue growth factor synthesis
+ regulation of connective tissue growth factor formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
+ regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthesis
+ regulation of connective tissue growth factor anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor anabolism
+ down-regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor synthesis
+ negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
+ negative regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor formation
+ upregulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+ activation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor anabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of connective tissue growth factor.
+ positive regulation of connective tissue growth factor synthesis
+ stimulation of connective tissue growth factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor synthesis
+ regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor formation
+ regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
+ negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor anabolism
+ downregulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor synthesis
+ negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor formation
+ negative regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthesis
+ down regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor synthesis
+ up regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor formation
+ positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor anabolism
+ activation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
+ stimulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quinone cofactor biosynthetic process
+
+
+ quinone cofactor biosynthesis
+ quinone cofactor synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any quinone cofactor, such as menaquinone (vitamin K2), ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) or phylloquinone (vitamin K1).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ quinone cofactor anabolism
+ quinone cofactor formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine
+
+
+ The transient guanylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form (phospho-5'-guanosine)-L-histidine.
+ RESID:AA0325
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis
+ regulation of nitric oxide formation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
+ regulation of nitric oxide anabolism
+ regulation of nitric oxide synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of nitric oxide formation
+ activation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of nitric oxide synthesis
+ up regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
+ positive regulation of nitric oxide anabolism
+ upregulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song.
+ male courtship behaviour, veined wing generated song production
+ male courtship behaviour (sensu Insecta), song production
+ male courtship behavior (sensu Insecta), song production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
+ inhibition of female receptivity, post-mating
+ down-regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
+ downregulation of female receptivity, post-mating
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ juvenile hormone secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of juvenile hormones, the three sesquiterpenoid derivatives that function to maintain the larval state of insects at molting and that may be required for other processes, e.g. oogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fat cell differentiation
+
+ adipogenesis
+ biological_process
+ adipocyte differentiation
+ adipose cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
+ adipocyte cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endothelial cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell. A layer of such cells lines the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bicoid mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ establishment and maintenance of bicoid mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
+ oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+ establishment and maintenance of oskar mRNA localization in pole plasm
+ establishment and maintenance of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bone resorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Bone_resorption
+ biological_process
+ The process by which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell redox homeostasis
+
+
+ regulation of redox homeostasis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ GO:0045868
+ GO:0045867
+ regulation of cell redox homeostasis
+ GO:0030503
+ Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysteroid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysteroid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids ubiquitous in insects and other arthropods, in which they initiate post-embryonic development, including the metamorphosis of immature forms and the development of the reproductive system and the maturation of oocytes in adult females.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
+ ecdysteroid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ ecdysteroid biosynthesis
+ ecdysteroid formation
+ ecdysteroid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysteroid secretion
+
+ The regulated release of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recombination within rDNA repeats
+
+
+ Genetic recombination within the DNA of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ recombination within ribosomal DNA repeats
+ Note that this term was reinstated from obsolete.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide
+
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of iron into a 3Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulfide.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0326
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tetrakis-L-cysteinyl triiron tetrasulphide
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterigmatocystin metabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
+ sterigmatocystin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterigmatocystin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
+ sterigmatocystin biosynthesis
+ sterigmatocystin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ sterigmatocystin synthesis
+ sterigmatocystin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R8 cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R8 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R8 photoreceptor is the founding receptor of each ommatidium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R8 cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an R8 cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R8 cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R8 photoreceptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R7 cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of the R7 photoreceptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R7 cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R7 photoreceptor over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The R7 photoreceptor is the last photoreceptor to develop in the ommatidium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R8 cell spacing in compound eye
+ biological_process
+ regulation of R8 spacing
+ Any process that ensures that the R8 cells are selected in a precise progressive pattern so that they are evenly spaced throughout the eye disc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of R8 spacing
+ inhibition of R8 spacing
+ down regulation of R8 spacing
+ downregulation of R8 spacing
+ Any process that stops or prevents the correct R8 cell spacing pattern in a compound eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R8 cell-mediated photoreceptor organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regionalization process that coordinates the recruitment and organization of other non-R8 photoreceptors by the R8 photoreceptor.
+ biological_process
+ R8-mediated photoreceptor organisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to ethanol
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0017036
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to ether
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ether stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ locomotor rhythm
+
+
+ The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle.
+ circadian locomotor activity rhythm
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nurse cell apoptosis
+
+ nurse cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ apoptosis of nurse cells
+ The process by which nurse cells undergo apoptosis. During late oogenesis, following the transfer of substances from the nurse cells to the oocyte, nurse cell remnants are cleared from the egg chamber by apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+ programmed cell death of nurse cells by apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nurse cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fusome organization
+
+ fusome organisation and biogenesis
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fusome, a large intracellular spectrin-rich structure found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells.
+ fusome organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle targeting to fusome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ vesicle-fusome targeting
+ The recruitment of vesicles to the fusome. The vesicles become the fusome tubule network and are necessary for the assembly of the fusome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gibberellin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ gibberellic acid degradation
+ gibberellin catabolism
+ gibberellic acid catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of gibberellin. Gibberellins are a class of highly modified terpenes that function as plant growth regulators.
+ gibberellic acid breakdown
+ gibberellic acid catabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pectin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a group of galacturonic acid-containing, water-soluble colloidal carbohydrates of high molecular weight and of net negative charge.
+ gosubset_prok
+ pectin metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pectin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
+ biological_process
+ pectin anabolism
+ pectin synthesis
+ pectin biosynthesis
+ pectin formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pectin catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues.
+ gosubset_prok
+ pectin breakdown
+ biological_process
+ pectin degradation
+ pectin catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylan metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
+ xylan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
+ biological_process
+ xylan synthesis
+ xylan formation
+ xylan anabolism
+ xylan biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylan catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ xylan breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of xylan, a polymer containing a beta-1,4-linked D-xylose backbone.
+ xylan catabolism
+ xylan degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor cell maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process preventing the degeneration of the photoreceptor, a specialized cell type that is sensitive to light.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pole plasm
+
+ Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.
+ polar plasm
+ germ plasm
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male analia development
+
+ biological_process
+ male analia development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the male over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. As in, but not restricted to, the Holometabola (Endopterygota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33392).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female analia development
+
+ female analia development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the analia of the female over time, from formation to the mature structure. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. As in, but not restricted to, the Holometabola (Endopterygota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33392).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sex comb development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sex comb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sex combs are the male specific chaetae located on the prothoracic tarsal segment of the prothoracic leg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sevenless signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the sevenless receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ sev signaling pathway
+ sev receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ sevenless signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sevenless signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
+ regulation of sev signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
+ interleukin-24 anabolism
+ IL-24 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-24 synthesis
+ interleukin-24 formation
+ interleukin-24 biosynthesis
+ IL-24 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-25 anabolism
+ IL-25 biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
+ interleukin-25 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ IL-25 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-25 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-25 formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-26 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-26 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-26 anabolism
+ interleukin-26 formation
+ interleukin-26 synthesis
+ IL-26 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IL-27 biosynthetic process
+ interleukin-27 synthesis
+ interleukin-27 anabolism
+ interleukin-27 formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
+ IL-27 biosynthesis
+ interleukin-27 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
+ regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-24 formation
+ regulation of IL-24 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of IL-24 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-24 anabolism
+ regulation of interleukin-24 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-25 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-25 anabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
+ regulation of interleukin-25 formation
+ regulation of IL-25 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-25 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-26 formation
+ regulation of IL-26 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
+ regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-26 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL-26 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-26 anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-27 synthesis
+ regulation of IL-27 biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-27 formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
+ regulation of interleukin-27 anabolism
+ regulation of IL-27 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-24 synthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-24 anabolism
+ inhibition of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-24 biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-24 formation
+ negative regulation of IL-24 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-25 anabolism
+ negative regulation of IL-25 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-25 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-25 formation
+ down regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-25 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-26 biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-26 synthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of IL-26 biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-26 formation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-26 anabolism
+ down-regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
+ down regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-27 anabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-27 formation
+ negative regulation of IL-27 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of IL-27 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthesis
+ down-regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-27 synthesis
+ down regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-24 formation
+ positive regulation of interleukin-24 synthesis
+ upregulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-24 biosynthesis
+ stimulation of interleukin-24 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-24 anabolism
+ positive regulation of interleukin-24 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of IL-24 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-24.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-25 formation
+ positive regulation of IL-25 biosynthesis
+ activation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-25 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-25 anabolism
+ positive regulation of interleukin-25 synthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-25.
+ positive regulation of interleukin-25 biosynthesis
+ upregulation of interleukin-25 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of IL-26 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-26 anabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-26.
+ up regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-26 formation
+ upregulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-26 biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of interleukin-26 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-26 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-27 biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+ activation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of IL-27 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-27 formation
+ up regulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of interleukin-27 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-27 synthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-27 anabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-27.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
+ regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis
+ regulation of cholesterol anabolism
+ regulation of cholesterol formation
+ regulation of cholesterol synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of cholesterol anabolism
+ down regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of cholesterol synthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
+ negative regulation of cholesterol formation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis
+ inhibition of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol.
+ positive regulation of cholesterol synthesis
+ positive regulation of cholesterol formation
+ up-regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of cholesterol anabolism
+ positive regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis
+ activation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TRAIL biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines which induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cells.
+ TRAIL synthesis
+ TRAIL biosynthesis
+ TRAIL formation
+ TRAIL anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TRAIL biosynthesis
+ regulation of TRAIL anabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TRAIL formation
+ regulation of TRAIL synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TRAIL synthesis
+ down regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of TRAIL anabolism
+ downregulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of TRAIL biosynthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of TRAIL formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TRAIL synthesis
+ positive regulation of TRAIL biosynthesis
+ activation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of TRAIL formation
+ upregulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TRAIL anabolism
+ up regulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of TRAIL biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
+ biological_process
+ TRAIL receptor anabolism
+ TRAIL receptor synthesis
+ TRAIL receptor biosynthesis
+ TRAIL receptor formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+
+ TRAIL receptor 1 synthesis
+ TRAIL receptor 1 formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R1 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 1), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway.
+ TRAIL receptor 1 anabolism
+ TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+
+ TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthesis
+ TRAIL receptor 2 formation
+ TRAIL receptor 2 synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL-R2 (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand receptor 2), which engages a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and mediates apoptosis via the intracellular adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1.
+ TRAIL receptor 2 anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor synthesis
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor anabolism
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthesis
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthesis
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 anabolism
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 formation
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 anabolism
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 synthesis
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthesis
+ regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor synthesis
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor anabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
+ inhibition of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor formation
+ down-regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor formation
+ activation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor.
+ stimulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor synthesis
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor anabolism
+ up-regulation of TRAIL receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 synthesis
+ inhibition of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 formation
+ down regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
+ downregulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 anabolism
+ down-regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 synthesis
+ up regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 anabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 1.
+ biological_process
+ activation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 formation
+ stimulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of TRAIL receptor 1 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 formation
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 anabolism
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 synthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 formation
+ stimulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+ activation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) receptor 2.
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 anabolism
+ positive regulation of TRAIL receptor 2 synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of imaginal disc growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of the imaginal disc.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of imaginal disc growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
+ downregulation of imaginal disc growth
+ inhibition of imaginal disc growth
+ down-regulation of imaginal disc growth
+ down regulation of imaginal disc growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of imaginal disc growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of imaginal disc growth
+ upregulation of imaginal disc growth
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of imaginal disc growth.
+ up-regulation of imaginal disc growth
+ up regulation of imaginal disc growth
+ stimulation of imaginal disc growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterigmatocystin catabolic process
+
+
+ sterigmatocystin catabolism
+ sterigmatocystin breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sterigmatocystin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds.
+ biological_process
+ sterigmatocystin degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basophil activation
+
+ Wikipedia:Basophil_activation
+ biological_process
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a basophil resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the basophil has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell activation
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a mast cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, soluble factor, or to (at least in mammals) an antigen which the mast cell has specifically bound via IgE bound to Fc-epsilonRI receptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
+ regulation of B-cell differentiation
+ regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
+ negative regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ inhibition of B cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of B cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of B-cell differentiation
+ downregulation of B cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of B cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B-lymphocyte differentiation
+ activation of B cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell differentiation.
+ up regulation of B cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation
+ positive regulation of B-cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of B cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of B cell differentiation
+ stimulation of B cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
+ regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of T-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of T cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of T-cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
+ down regulation of T cell differentiation
+ downregulation of T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of T-cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of T cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte differentiation
+ activation of T cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell differentiation.
+ upregulation of T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
+ regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of cytotoxic T-cell differentiation
+ regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation
+ down-regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T-cell differentiation
+ inhibition of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+ down regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytotoxic T cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T-cell differentiation
+ up regulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ activation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+ stimulation of cytotoxic T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of gamma-delta T-cell differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T-cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+ upregulation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell differentiation.
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T-cell differentiation
+ activation of gamma-delta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of suppressor T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation
+ regulation of suppressor T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of suppressor T lymphocyte differentiation
+ regulation of suppressor T-cell differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
+ negative regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
+ downregulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of suppressor T-cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of suppressor T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of regulatory T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ activation of regulatory T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of suppressor T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation
+ up regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
+ upregulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of regulatory T lymphocyte differentiation
+ positive regulation of suppressor T-cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
+ regulation of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation
+ inhibition of cumulus cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
+ downregulation of cumulus cell differentiation
+ down regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation
+ stimulation of cumulus cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovarian cumulus cell differentiation.
+ activation of cumulus cell differentiation
+ up regulation of cumulus cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of cumulus cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of cell differentiation
+ inhibition of cell differentiation
+ downregulation of cell differentiation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
+ up-regulation of cell differentiation
+ up regulation of cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of cell differentiation
+ upregulation of cell differentiation
+ activation of cell differentiation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fat cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adipocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adipocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
+ down-regulation of fat cell differentiation
+ inhibition of fat cell differentiation
+ down regulation of fat cell differentiation
+ downregulation of fat cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fat cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of fat cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
+ upregulation of fat cell differentiation
+ up regulation of fat cell differentiation
+ activation of fat cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of adipocyte differentiation
+ up-regulation of fat cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of adipocyte cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of endothelial cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
+ inhibition of endothelial cell differentiation
+ down regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of endothelial cell differentiation
+ activation of endothelial cell differentiation
+ up regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of endothelial cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
+ stimulation of endothelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of epidermal cell differentiation
+ down regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
+ downregulation of epidermal cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of epidermal cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal cell differentiation.
+ activation of epidermal cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of epidermal cell differentiation
+ up regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of epidermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of auditory hair cell differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+ inhibition of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
+ negative regulation of auditory hair cell differentiation
+ downregulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
+ positive regulation of auditory hair cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+ activation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+ stimulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hemocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
+ regulation of arthropod blood cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hemocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of hemocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of hemocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of arthropod blood cell differentiation
+ downregulation of hemocyte differentiation
+ down regulation of hemocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hemocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of hemocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of hemocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of hemocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of hemocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hemocyte differentiation.
+ positive regulation of arthropod blood cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of hemocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
+ down regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
+ inhibition of plasmatocyte differentiation
+ down-regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of plasmatocyte differentiation.
+ up regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
+ up-regulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of plasmatocyte differentiation
+ activation of plasmatocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
+ down-regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of keratinocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
+ inhibition of keratinocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
+ stimulation of keratinocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of keratinocyte differentiation
+ up-regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of keratinocyte differentiation
+ activation of keratinocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
+ inhibition of lymphocyte differentiation
+ down regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of lymphocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of lymphocyte differentiation
+ up-regulation of lymphocyte differentiation
+ activation of lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
+ inhibition of T-helper cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
+ downregulation of T-helper cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
+ upregulation of T-helper cell differentiation
+ activation of T-helper cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of T-helper cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of T-helper cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
+ down-regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+ downregulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+ down regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+ activation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell differentiation.
+ up-regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+ upregulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+ up regulation of T-helper 1 cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+ inhibition of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
+ down regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+ stimulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+ up regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
+ downregulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+ down regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+ up-regulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+ stimulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+ activation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mechanoreceptor differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of mechanoreceptor differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
+ regulation of melanophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of melanophore differentiation
+ inhibition of melanocyte differentiation
+ down regulation of melanocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
+ down-regulation of melanocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of melanocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
+ positive regulation of melanophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of melanocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of melanocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of melanocyte differentiation
+ activation of melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of myeloid cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
+ down regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
+ downregulation of myeloid cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myeloid cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ activation of myeloid cell differentiation
+ stimulation of myeloid cell differentiation
+ upregulation of myeloid cell differentiation
+ up regulation of myeloid cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of basophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of basophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of basophil differentiation
+ down regulation of basophil differentiation
+ inhibition of basophil differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
+ downregulation of basophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of basophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of basophil differentiation
+ activation of basophil differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basophil differentiation.
+ up-regulation of basophil differentiation
+ upregulation of basophil differentiation
+ stimulation of basophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of eosinophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of eosinophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
+ down regulation of eosinophil differentiation
+ down-regulation of eosinophil differentiation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of eosinophil differentiation
+ downregulation of eosinophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of eosinophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of eosinophil differentiation
+ stimulation of eosinophil differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eosinophil differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of eosinophil differentiation
+ up regulation of eosinophil differentiation
+ activation of eosinophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
+ regulation of RBC differentiation
+ regulation of red blood cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of erythrocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
+ down regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of RBC differentiation
+ inhibition of erythrocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of red blood cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of RBC differentiation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of erythrocyte differentiation
+ activation of erythrocyte differentiation
+ positive regulation of red blood cell differentiation
+ up regulation of erythrocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
+ upregulation of erythrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of macrophage differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of macrophage differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of macrophage differentiation
+ downregulation of macrophage differentiation
+ down regulation of macrophage differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
+ inhibition of macrophage differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of macrophage differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of macrophage differentiation
+ stimulation of macrophage differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of macrophage differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of macrophage differentiation
+ up regulation of macrophage differentiation
+ upregulation of macrophage differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
+ inhibition of megakaryocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
+ down-regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of megakaryocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
+ up-regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of megakaryocyte differentiation.
+ stimulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of megakaryocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of monocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of monocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of monocyte differentiation
+ down regulation of monocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
+ down-regulation of monocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of monocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of monocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of monocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of monocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monocyte differentiation.
+ up-regulation of monocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of monocyte differentiation
+ activation of monocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neutrophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neutrophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of neutrophil differentiation
+ inhibition of neutrophil differentiation
+ down regulation of neutrophil differentiation
+ downregulation of neutrophil differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neutrophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of neutrophil differentiation
+ up regulation of neutrophil differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neutrophil differentiation.
+ activation of neutrophil differentiation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of neutrophil differentiation
+ up-regulation of neutrophil differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of myoblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myoblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of myoblast differentiation
+ inhibition of myoblast differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ down regulation of myoblast differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of myoblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myoblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of myoblast differentiation
+ activation of myoblast differentiation
+ upregulation of myoblast differentiation
+ stimulation of myoblast differentiation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of myoblast differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of neuron differentiation
+ inhibition of neuron differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
+ down regulation of neuron differentiation
+ downregulation of neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of neuron differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
+ upregulation of neuron differentiation
+ up regulation of neuron differentiation
+ biological_process
+ activation of neuron differentiation
+ stimulation of neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of osteoblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of osteoblast differentiation
+ inhibition of osteoblast differentiation
+ downregulation of osteoblast differentiation
+ down regulation of osteoblast differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of osteoblast differentiation
+ up regulation of osteoblast differentiation
+ activation of osteoblast differentiation
+ upregulation of osteoblast differentiation
+ up-regulation of osteoblast differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of osteoclast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
+ down regulation of osteoclast differentiation
+ downregulation of osteoclast differentiation
+ inhibition of osteoclast differentiation
+ down-regulation of osteoclast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation.
+ up regulation of osteoclast differentiation
+ upregulation of osteoclast differentiation
+ activation of osteoclast differentiation
+ stimulation of osteoclast differentiation
+ up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of R7 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R7 differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of R7 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of R7 differentiation
+ down regulation of R7 differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R7cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of R7 differentiation
+ downregulation of R7 differentiation
+ inhibition of R7 differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of R7 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of R7 differentiation
+ activation of R7 differentiation
+ positive regulation of R7 differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R7 cell differentiation.
+ up regulation of R7 differentiation
+ up-regulation of R7 differentiation
+ upregulation of R7 differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of R8 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of R8 differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of R8 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of R8 differentiation
+ down regulation of R8 differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
+ down-regulation of R8 differentiation
+ inhibition of R8 differentiation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of R8 differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of R8 cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of R8 differentiation
+ stimulation of R8 differentiation
+ up-regulation of R8 differentiation
+ activation of R8 differentiation
+ positive regulation of R8 differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of R8 cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of R8 differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of epidermis development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
+ regulation of epidermal development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of epidermis development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
+ downregulation of epidermis development
+ down regulation of epidermis development
+ inhibition of epidermis development
+ down-regulation of epidermis development
+ negative regulation of epidermal development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epidermis development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of epidermis development
+ positive regulation of epidermal development
+ up regulation of epidermis development
+ biological_process
+ activation of epidermis development
+ upregulation of epidermis development
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermis development.
+ stimulation of epidermis development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of neuroglia differentiation
+ regulation of glia cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of glial cell differentiation
+ downregulation of glial cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
+ negative regulation of neuroglia differentiation
+ negative regulation of glia cell differentiation
+ inhibition of glial cell differentiation
+ down regulation of glial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of glial cell differentiation
+ activation of glial cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of glia cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of glial cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of neuroglia differentiation
+ stimulation of glial cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
+ upregulation of glial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
+ down regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of antipodal cell differentiation
+ inhibition of antipodal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of antipodal cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of antipodal cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ activation of antipodal cell differentiation
+ stimulation of antipodal cell differentiation
+ up regulation of antipodal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of embryo sac central cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gametophyte central cell differentiation.
+ regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of embryo sac central cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
+ inhibition of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+ down regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of embryo sac central cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+ activation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+ upregulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+ up regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac central cell differentiation.
+ up-regulation of female gametophyte central cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ downregulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ down regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ inhibition of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of embryo sac egg cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of embryo sac egg cell differentiation.
+ up-regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ activation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ up regulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ upregulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ stimulation of female gametophyte egg cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synergid differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of synergid cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synergid differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
+ down regulation of synergid differentiation
+ inhibition of synergid differentiation
+ down-regulation of synergid differentiation
+ downregulation of synergid differentiation
+ negative regulation of synergid cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synergid differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of synergid differentiation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of synergid differentiation
+ activation of synergid differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synergid cell differentiation.
+ positive regulation of synergid cell differentiation
+ stimulation of synergid differentiation
+ up regulation of synergid differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
+ down-regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+ inhibition of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+ down regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+ activation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+ up-regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spermatid nuclear differentiation.
+ up regulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+ stimulation of spermatid nuclear differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of salivary gland boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of salivary gland determination
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of salivary gland boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of salivary gland determination
+ inhibition of salivary gland determination
+ downregulation of salivary gland determination
+ negative regulation of salivary gland determination
+ down regulation of salivary gland determination
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of salivary gland boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of salivary gland determination
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of salivary gland determination
+ up regulation of salivary gland determination
+ stimulation of salivary gland determination
+ positive regulation of salivary gland determination
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination.
+ up-regulation of salivary gland determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adult salivary gland determination
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
+ regulation of larval salivary gland determination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
+ down regulation of adult salivary gland determination
+ inhibition of adult salivary gland determination
+ down-regulation of adult salivary gland determination
+ negative regulation of adult salivary gland determination
+ downregulation of adult salivary gland determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of larval salivary gland determination
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
+ inhibition of larval salivary gland determination
+ negative regulation of larval salivary gland determination
+ down-regulation of larval salivary gland determination
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of larval salivary gland determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adult salivary gland boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of adult salivary gland determination
+ up-regulation of adult salivary gland determination
+ activation of adult salivary gland determination
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in an adult organism.
+ up regulation of adult salivary gland determination
+ stimulation of adult salivary gland determination
+ upregulation of adult salivary gland determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of larval salivary gland boundary specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of larval salivary gland determination
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salivary gland determination in a larval organism.
+ up-regulation of larval salivary gland determination
+ upregulation of larval salivary gland determination
+ up regulation of larval salivary gland determination
+ activation of larval salivary gland determination
+ stimulation of larval salivary gland determination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors, cell surface proteins that mediate the endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein by cells.
+ low-density lipoprotein receptor synthesis
+ low-density lipoprotein receptor anabolism
+ LDLr biosynthetic process
+ low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ LDLr biosynthesis
+ low-density lipoprotein receptor formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
+ regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor anabolism
+ regulation of LDLr biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor formation
+ regulation of LDLr biosynthetic process
+ regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor anabolism
+ down regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor synthesis
+ negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor formation
+ down-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+ activation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor synthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of low-density lipoprotein receptors.
+ up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthesis
+ up regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor formation
+ upregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of fatty acid synthesis
+ down regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of fatty acid formation
+ negative regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of fatty acid anabolism
+ downregulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of flagellum assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of flagellum assembly
+ negative regulation of flagellum biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a flagellum.
+ negative regulation of flagella assembly
+ down-regulation of flagellum assembly
+ downregulation of flagellum assembly
+ down regulation of flagellum assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of glycogen anabolism
+ negative regulation of glycogen biosynthesis
+ down regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of glycogen formation
+ negative regulation of glycogen synthesis
+ inhibition of glycogen biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of integrin synthesis
+ negative regulation of integrin formation
+ negative regulation of integrin biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of integrin anabolism
+ inhibition of integrin biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
+ downregulation of integrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gluconeogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of gluconeogenesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation of gluconeogenesis
+ down-regulation of gluconeogenesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of gluconeogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gluconeogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of gluconeogenesis
+ stimulation of gluconeogenesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
+ activation of gluconeogenesis
+ up-regulation of gluconeogenesis
+ up regulation of gluconeogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of fatty acid synthesis
+ up-regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of fatty acid formation
+ stimulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of fatty acid anabolism
+ activation of fatty acid biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of flagellum assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of flagellum assembly
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of flagellum assembly
+ positive regulation of flagella assembly
+ upregulation of flagellum assembly
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a flagellum.
+ stimulation of flagellum assembly
+ up regulation of flagellum assembly
+ positive regulation of flagellum biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
+ activation of glycogen biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of glycogen synthesis
+ positive regulation of glycogen formation
+ upregulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
+ positive regulation of glycogen biosynthesis
+ stimulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of glycogen anabolism
+ up regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of integrin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of integrin formation
+ activation of integrin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of integrin biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of integrin anabolism
+ stimulation of integrin biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins.
+ positive regulation of integrin synthesis
+ up-regulation of integrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of protein biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of protein biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of protein anabolism
+ stimulation of protein biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA.
+ positive regulation of protein formation
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of protein synthesis
+ activation of protein biosynthetic process
+ GO:0045946
+ up-regulation of protein biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of protein biosynthetic process
+ Reactome:110506
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory burst after phagocytosis
+
+ A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages shortly after phagocytosing material. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, which play a part in microbiocidal activity.
+ oxidative burst after phagocytosis
+ metabolic burst after phagocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory burst at fertilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs at fertilization. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. Capacitation, a necessary prerequisite event to successful fertilization, can be induced by reactive oxygen species in vitro; hydrogen peroxide is used as an extracellular oxidant to cross-link the protective surface envelopes.
+ metabolic burst at fertilization
+ oxidative burst at fertilization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory burst
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Respiratory_burst
+ metabolic burst
+ A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
+ oxidative burst
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of protein catabolic process
+ activation of protein catabolic process
+ up regulation of protein catabolic process
+ stimulation of protein catabolic process
+ positive regulation of protein degradation
+ positive regulation of protein breakdown
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
+ upregulation of protein catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of protein catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetate catabolic process
+
+
+ acetate breakdown
+ acetate degradation
+ biological_process
+ acetate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of acetate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate, the anion of acetic acid.
+ regulation of acetate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ regulation of acetate catabolism
+ regulation of acetate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+
+
+
+ CDK inhibitor
+ down regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ down-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor
+ inhibition of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of CDK activity
+ downregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+
+
+
+ up regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ upregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ stimulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
+ positive regulation of CDK activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of DNA repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
+ down regulation of DNA repair
+ inhibition of DNA repair
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of DNA repair
+ down-regulation of DNA repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of DNA repair
+ up-regulation of DNA repair
+ up regulation of DNA repair
+ activation of DNA repair
+ upregulation of DNA repair
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of DNA replication
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of DNA replication
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
+ upregulation of DNA replication
+ activation of DNA replication
+ stimulation of DNA replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of EGFR activity
+ up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+ stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+ upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+ up regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+ positive regulation of EGF receptor activity
+ activation of epidermal growth factor receptor activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of EGF receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of EGF receptor signalling pathway
+ up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ up regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of EGFR signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of FGF receptor signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of FGF receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ stimulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ upregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ positive regulation of FGFR signaling pathway
+ activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity.
+ downregulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway
+ down regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ down-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ up regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ activation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway activity.
+ positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of GPCR protein signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of G-protein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of GPCR protein signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of G protein coupled receptor protein signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of Notch signaling pathway
+ down-regulation of Notch signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of N signalling pathway
+ down regulation of Notch signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of N signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of Notch signalling pathway
+ downregulation of Notch signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
+ up regulation of Notch signaling pathway
+ upregulation of Notch signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of Notch signalling pathway
+ stimulation of Notch signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of N signalling pathway
+ up-regulation of Notch signaling pathway
+ activation of Notch signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of N signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of R8 cell spacing in compound eye
+
+ up-regulation of R8 spacing
+ Any process that activates or enforces the correct R8 cell spacing in a compound eye.
+ up regulation of R8 spacing
+ upregulation of R8 spacing
+ stimulation of R8 spacing
+ positive regulation of R8 spacing
+ biological_process
+ activation of R8 spacing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of S phase of mitotic cell cycle activity.
+ down-regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+ down regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+ downregulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+ inhibition of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+ up regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+ activation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of S phase of mitotic cell cycle activity.
+ upregulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+ stimulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Toll signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of Toll signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of Tl signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
+ down-regulation of Toll signaling pathway
+ down regulation of Toll signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of Tl signaling pathway
+ inhibition of Toll signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Toll signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Tl signalling pathway
+ activation of Toll signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of Tl signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of Toll signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of Toll signaling pathway
+ upregulation of Toll signaling pathway
+ stimulation of Toll signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Tl signaling pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of acetate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of acetate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of acetate catabolic process
+ inhibition of acetate catabolic process
+ down-regulation of acetate catabolic process
+ downregulation of acetate catabolic process
+ negative regulation of acetate catabolism
+ negative regulation of acetate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of acetate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
+ activation of acetate catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of acetate catabolic process
+ up regulation of acetate catabolic process
+ stimulation of acetate catabolic process
+ positive regulation of acetate breakdown
+ positive regulation of acetate catabolism
+ positive regulation of acetate degradation
+ up-regulation of acetate catabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of initiation of acetate degradation by acetate
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops or prevents the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
+ inhibition of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+ down regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+ downregulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+ negative regulation of initiation of acetate breakdown by acetate
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of initiation of acetate degradation by acetate
+ positive regulation of initiation of acetate breakdown by acetate
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activation, by acetate, of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetate.
+ upregulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+ stimulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+ up regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+ up-regulation of initiation of acetate catabolic process by acetate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of action potential
+
+ inhibition of action potential
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of action potential
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. An action potential is a spike of membrane depolarization and repolarization that travels along the membrane of a cell.
+ downregulation of action potential
+ down regulation of action potential
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of action potential
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. An action potential is a spike of membrane depolarization and repolarization that travels along the membrane of a cell.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of action potential
+ activation of action potential
+ up-regulation of action potential
+ stimulation of action potential
+ upregulation of action potential
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+ adenylate cyclase regulator
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase activity.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity
+ up-regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
+ up regulation of adenylate cyclase activity
+ upregulation of adenylate cyclase activity
+ stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity
+ adenylate cyclase activator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of amino acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of amino acid metabolic process
+ down-regulation of amino acid metabolic process
+ down regulation of amino acid metabolic process
+ inhibition of amino acid metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of amino acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of amino acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of amino acid metabolic process
+ positive regulation of amino acid metabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acid.
+ activation of amino acid metabolic process
+ stimulation of amino acid metabolic process
+ up-regulation of amino acid metabolic process
+ up regulation of amino acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of angiogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of angiogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of angiogenesis
+ Any process that activates or increases angiogenesis.
+ up-regulation of angiogenesis
+ up regulation of angiogenesis
+ activation of angiogenesis
+ upregulation of angiogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of anti-apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anti-apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of anti-apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of anti-apoptosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anti-apoptosis.
+ stimulation of anti-apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ activation of anti-apoptosis
+ upregulation of anti-apoptosis
+ up-regulation of anti-apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of asymmetric cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of asymmetric cell division
+ inhibition of asymmetric cell division
+ down regulation of asymmetric cell division
+ downregulation of asymmetric cell division
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of asymmetric cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of asymmetric cell division
+ up regulation of asymmetric cell division
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of asymmetric cell division.
+ biological_process
+ activation of asymmetric cell division
+ stimulation of asymmetric cell division
+ up-regulation of asymmetric cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of autophagic vacuole size
+
+ down regulation of autophagic vacuole size
+ inhibition of autophagic vacuole size
+ down-regulation of autophagic vacuole size
+ Any process that reduces autophagic vacuole size.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of autophagic vacuole size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of autophagic vacuole size
+
+ up-regulation of autophagic vacuole size
+ stimulation of autophagic vacuole size
+ up regulation of autophagic vacuole size
+ Any process that increases autophagic vacuole size.
+ activation of autophagic vacuole size
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of autophagic vacuole size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of axon extension
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of axon extension
+ upregulation of axon extension
+ stimulation of axon extension
+ activation of axon extension
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.
+ up regulation of axon extension
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of beta 2 integrin formation
+ negative regulation of beta 2 integrin synthesis
+ down-regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of beta 2 integrin anabolism
+ inhibition of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of beta 2 integrin anabolism
+ up-regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of beta 2 integrin synthesis
+ positive regulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of beta 2 integrin formation
+ upregulation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+ activation of beta 2 integrin biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta 2 integrins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of blood pressure
+ The process by which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
+ inhibition of blood pressure
+ down regulation of blood pressure
+ downregulation of blood pressure
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of blood pressure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of blood pressure
+ up regulation of blood pressure
+ stimulation of blood pressure
+ upregulation of blood pressure
+ The process by which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is increased.
+ activation of blood pressure
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ossification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of bone formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
+ up-regulation of ossification
+ up regulation of ossification
+ positive regulation of bone biosynthesis
+ activation of ossification
+ stimulation of ossification
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of ossification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of bone resorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of bone resorption
+ down-regulation of bone resorption
+ down regulation of bone resorption
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of bone resorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of bone resorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of bone resorption
+ up-regulation of bone resorption
+ activation of bone resorption
+ stimulation of bone resorption
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone resorption.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of bone resorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
+ negative regulation of budding
+ down regulation of cell budding
+ downregulation of cell budding
+ inhibition of cell budding
+ down-regulation of cell budding
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of cell budding
+ activation of cell budding
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell budding.
+ up regulation of cell budding
+ upregulation of cell budding
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of budding
+ up-regulation of cell budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
+ upregulation of cell adhesion
+ activation of cell adhesion
+ up regulation of cell adhesion
+ up-regulation of cell adhesion
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of progression through cell cycle
+ negative regulation of cell cycle progression
+ negative regulation of progression through cell cycle
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
+ inhibition of progression through cell cycle
+ downregulation of progression through cell cycle
+ down-regulation of progression through cell cycle
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of progression through cell cycle
+ up-regulation of progression through cell cycle
+ activation of progression through cell cycle
+ stimulation of progression through cell cycle
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
+ up regulation of progression through cell cycle
+ upregulation of progression through cell cycle
+ positive regulation of cell cycle progression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell size
+
+ Any process that reduces cell size.
+ down-regulation of cell size
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cell size
+ inhibition of cell size
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of cell size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell size
+
+ activation of cell size
+ up-regulation of cell size
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that increases cell size.
+ up regulation of cell size
+ stimulation of cell size
+ upregulation of cell size
+ Reactome:110468
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell volume
+
+ RVD
+ cell regulatory volume decrease
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases cell volume.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell volume
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases cell volume.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of cholesterol absorption
+ down-regulation of cholesterol absorption
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of cholesterol absorption
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
+ inhibition of cholesterol absorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of cholesterol absorption
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uptake of cholesterol into the blood by absorption from the intestine.
+ up regulation of cholesterol absorption
+ activation of cholesterol absorption
+ upregulation of cholesterol absorption
+ up-regulation of cholesterol absorption
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+ inhibition of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
+ downregulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+ negative regulation of chromatin assembly/disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin assembly or disassembly.
+ positive regulation of chromatin assembly/disassembly
+ up-regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+ up regulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+ stimulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+ activation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+ upregulation of chromatin assembly or disassembly
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of cuticle tanning
+ down-regulation of cuticle tanning
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
+ inhibition of cuticle tanning
+ down regulation of cuticle tanning
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cuticle hardening
+ negative regulation of cuticle tanning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chitin-based cuticle tanning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cuticle hardening
+ stimulation of cuticle tanning
+ activation of cuticle tanning
+ up regulation of cuticle tanning
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of cuticle tanning
+ positive regulation of cuticle tanning
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chitin-based cuticular tanning.
+ upregulation of cuticle tanning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of eclosion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of eclosion
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of eclosion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
+ down regulation of eclosion
+ down-regulation of eclosion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of eclosion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of eclosion.
+ upregulation of eclosion
+ stimulation of eclosion
+ up-regulation of eclosion
+ up regulation of eclosion
+ activation of eclosion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of endocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of endocytosis
+ inhibition of endocytosis
+ down-regulation of endocytosis
+ downregulation of endocytosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of endocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of endocytosis
+ upregulation of endocytosis
+ up regulation of endocytosis
+ stimulation of endocytosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of endocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of establishment of competence for transformation
+ inhibitor of the establishment of competence for transformation activity
+ downregulation of establishment of competence for transformation
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
+ down regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
+ down-regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of competence for transformation.
+ up regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
+ stimulation of establishment of competence for transformation
+ biological_process
+ activation of establishment of competence for transformation
+ activator of the establishment of competence for transformation activity
+ up-regulation of establishment of competence for transformation
+ upregulation of establishment of competence for transformation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC).
+ negative regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of frizzled-2 signalling pathway
+ down regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+ downregulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of frizzled-2 signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+ stimulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the frizzled-2 signaling pathway.
+ up regulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+ upregulation of frizzled-2 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
+
+
+ downregulation of gene expression, epigenetic
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of gene expression, epigenetic
+ down regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
+ Any epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of gene expression.
+ down-regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
+ up-regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
+ activation of gene expression, epigenetic
+ stimulation of gene expression, epigenetic
+ Any epigenetic process that activates or increases the rate of gene expression.
+ upregulation of gene expression, epigenetic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global
+
+
+ downregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of global transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ down regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ inhibition of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ negative regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter
+ down-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, global
+
+
+ activation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of global transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ positive regulation of global transcription from Pol II promoter
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ up-regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ up regulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ upregulation of global transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
+ negative regulation of glycogen breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of glycogen catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of glycogen catabolic process
+ inhibition of glycogen catabolic process
+ negative regulation of glycogen catabolism
+ downregulation of glycogen catabolic process
+ negative regulation of glycogen degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glycogen catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of glycogen catabolic process
+ upregulation of glycogen catabolic process
+ stimulation of glycogen catabolic process
+ positive regulation of glycogen breakdown
+ positive regulation of glycogen degradation
+ up regulation of glycogen catabolic process
+ positive regulation of glycogen catabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
+ activation of glycogen catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glycolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
+ downregulation of glycolysis
+ inhibition of glycolysis
+ down-regulation of glycolysis
+ down regulation of glycolysis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glycolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of glycolysis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
+ upregulation of glycolysis
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of glycolysis
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of glycolysis
+ stimulation of glycolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of heart contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of heart contraction
+ down-regulation of heart contraction
+ negative regulation of cardiac contraction
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
+ downregulation of heart contraction
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of heart contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of heart contraction
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of cardiac contraction
+ activation of heart contraction
+ stimulation of heart contraction
+ up regulation of heart contraction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
+ up-regulation of heart contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of innate immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of innate immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response.
+ inhibition of innate immune response
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of innate immune response
+ down regulation of innate immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of isoprenoid metabolism
+ downregulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
+ down regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
+ inhibition of isoprenoid metabolic process
+ down-regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
+ positive regulation of isoprenoid metabolism
+ activation of isoprenoid metabolic process
+ stimulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving isoprenoid.
+ up-regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
+ up regulation of isoprenoid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of isotype switching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of isotype switching
+ negative regulation of isotype switch recombination
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of class switch recombination
+ downregulation of isotype switching
+ inhibition of isotype switching
+ down-regulation of isotype switching
+ negative regulation of class switching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of isotype switching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of class switch recombination
+ positive regulation of isotype switch recombination
+ activation of isotype switching
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching.
+ stimulation of isotype switching
+ positive regulation of class switching
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of isotype switching
+ up regulation of isotype switching
+ up-regulation of isotype switching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of light-activated channel activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
+ down-regulation of light-activated channel activity
+ downregulation of light-activated channel activity
+ down regulation of light-activated channel activity
+ inhibition of light-activated channel activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of light-activated channel activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of light-activated channel activity
+ upregulation of light-activated channel activity
+ stimulation of light-activated channel activity
+ up regulation of light-activated channel activity
+ activation of light-activated channel activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of light-activated channel activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lipid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of lipid metabolic process
+ negative regulation of lipid metabolism
+ down regulation of lipid metabolic process
+ down-regulation of lipid metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of lipid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lipid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of lipid metabolic process
+ up-regulation of lipid metabolic process
+ stimulation of lipid metabolic process
+ positive regulation of lipid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of lipid metabolic process
+ up regulation of lipid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
+ down regulation of meiosis
+ downregulation of meiosis
+ down-regulation of meiosis
+ inhibition of meiosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of meiosis
+ up regulation of meiosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
+ stimulation of meiosis
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of meiosis
+ upregulation of meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of membrane potential
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of membrane potential
+ down regulation of membrane potential
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
+ down-regulation of membrane potential
+ inhibition of membrane potential
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of membrane potential
+
+ activation of membrane potential
+ up-regulation of membrane potential
+ upregulation of membrane potential
+ stimulation of membrane potential
+ up regulation of membrane potential
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of mitosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.
+ down-regulation of mitosis
+ down regulation of mitosis
+ downregulation of mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of mitosis
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of mitosis
+ mitogenic activity
+ up regulation of mitosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
+ upregulation of mitosis
+ activation of mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+ down regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+ down-regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+ up regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition.
+ activation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+ stimulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+ upregulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of striated muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of striated muscle development
+ down regulation of striated muscle development
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
+ down-regulation of striated muscle development
+ inhibition of striated muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of striated muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of striated muscle development
+ upregulation of striated muscle development
+ stimulation of striated muscle development
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development.
+ up regulation of striated muscle development
+ activation of striated muscle development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nitrogen utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of nitrogen utilization
+ down regulation of nitrogen utilization
+ down-regulation of nitrogen utilization
+ inhibition of nitrogen utilization
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nitrogen utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of nitrogen utilization
+ up-regulation of nitrogen utilization
+ activation of nitrogen utilization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
+ stimulation of nitrogen utilization
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of nitrogen utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nurse cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of nurse cell apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptosis.
+ downregulation of nurse cell apoptosis
+ down regulation of nurse cell apoptosis
+ inhibition of nurse cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nurse cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of nurse cell apoptosis
+ upregulation of nurse cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of nurse cell apoptosis
+ activation of nurse cell apoptosis
+ up regulation of nurse cell apoptosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nurse cell apoptosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pH reduction
+
+ biological_process
+ acidification
+ Any process that reduces the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pH elevation
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the internal pH of an organism, part of an organism or a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of bicoid mRNA localization
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process by which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ down-regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
+ downregulation of bicoid mRNA localization
+ down regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of bicoid mRNA localization
+ stimulation of bicoid mRNA localization
+ up-regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process by which bicoid mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ up regulation of bicoid mRNA localization
+ upregulation of bicoid mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process by which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
+ down regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+ negative regulation of oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+ down-regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process by which oskar mRNA is transported to, or maintained in, the oocyte pole plasm.
+ positive regulation of oocyte pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+ up regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+ activation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+ up-regulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+ upregulation of pole plasm oskar mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of molecular function, epigenetic
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein activity, epigenetic
+ Any heritable epigenetic process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
+ down regulation of protein activity, epigenetic
+ downregulation of protein activity, epigenetic
+ down-regulation of protein activity, epigenetic
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of protein activity, epigenetic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of molecular function, epigenetic
+
+
+ Any heritable epigenetic process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein function by self-perpetuating conformational conversions of normal proteins in healthy cells. This is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. A single protein, if it carries a glutamine/asparagine-rich ('prion') domain, can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. Prion domains are both modular and transferable to other proteins, on which they can confer a heritable epigenetic alteration of function; existing bioinformatics data indicate that they are rare in non-eukarya, but common in eukarya.
+ up-regulation of protein activity, epigenetic
+ up regulation of protein activity, epigenetic
+ activation of protein activity, epigenetic
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of protein activity, epigenetic
+ positive regulation of protein activity, epigenetic
+ upregulation of protein activity, epigenetic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein kinase activity
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein kinase activity
+
+
+ stimulation of protein kinase activity
+ up-regulation of protein kinase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of protein kinase activity
+ upregulation of protein kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of proteolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of proteolysis
+ negative regulation of peptidolysis
+ down regulation of proteolysis
+ downregulation of proteolysis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
+ down-regulation of proteolysis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of proteolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
+ up regulation of proteolysis
+ up-regulation of proteolysis
+ positive regulation of peptidolysis
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of proteolysis
+ upregulation of proteolysis
+ activation of proteolysis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of pteridine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of pteridine metabolic process
+ inhibition of pteridine metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
+ negative regulation of pteridine metabolism
+ down-regulation of pteridine metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of pteridine metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of pteridine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of pteridine metabolic process
+ stimulation of pteridine metabolic process
+ up regulation of pteridine metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ activation of pteridine metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pteridine.
+ positive regulation of pteridine metabolism
+ up-regulation of pteridine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of retroviral genome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of retroviral genome replication
+ inhibition of retroviral genome replication
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication.
+ downregulation of retroviral genome replication
+ down-regulation of retroviral genome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of retroviral genome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of retroviral genome replication
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of retroviral genome replication
+ up-regulation of retroviral genome replication
+ upregulation of retroviral genome replication
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retroviral genome replication.
+ up regulation of retroviral genome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of rhodopsin gene expression
+
+
+ down regulation of rhodopsin gene activity
+ negative regulation of rhodopsin gene activity
+ down-regulation of rhodopsin gene activity
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of rhodopsin gene activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
+ downregulation of rhodopsin gene activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of rhodopsin gene expression
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of rhodopsin gene expression.
+ upregulation of rhodopsin gene activity
+ up regulation of rhodopsin gene activity
+ stimulation of rhodopsin gene activity
+ activation of rhodopsin gene activity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of rhodopsin gene activity
+ positive regulation of rhodopsin gene activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of sevenless signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of sev signaling pathway
+ down regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
+ inhibition of sevenless signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of sevenless signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
+ down-regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
+ stimulation of sevenless signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of sev signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of sevenless signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of sevenless signaling pathway
+ activation of sevenless signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the sevenless signaling pathway.
+ upregulation of sevenless signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
+ downregulation of sister chromatid cohesion
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of sister chromatid cohesion
+ down regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of sister chromatid cohesion
+ up-regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
+ upregulation of sister chromatid cohesion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion.
+ biological_process
+ activation of sister chromatid cohesion
+ up regulation of sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of smoothened activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
+ downregulation of smoothened signaling pathway
+ inhibition of smoothened signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of smoothened signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of smoothened by patched
+ GO:0045877
+ negative regulation of smoothened receptor activity by patched
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of smoothened signaling pathway
+ stimulation of smoothened signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of smoothened receptor activity by patched
+ up-regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ activation of smoothened signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of smoothened by patched
+ positive regulation of smoothened signalling pathway
+ up regulation of smoothened signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
+ GO:0045878
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sporulation resulting in formation of a cellular spore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of sporulation
+ up regulation of sporulation
+ activation of sporulation
+ stimulation of sporulation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporulation.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of sporulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sulfur utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of sulfur utilization
+ downregulation of sulfur utilization
+ inhibition of sulfur utilization
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of sulphur utilization
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of sulfur utilization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sulfur utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of sulfur utilization
+ activation of sulfur utilization
+ up-regulation of sulfur utilization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sulfur utilization.
+ positive regulation of sulphur utilization
+ stimulation of sulfur utilization
+ upregulation of sulfur utilization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of survival gene product expression
+
+
+ regulation of survival gene products
+ biological_process
+ regulation of survival gene product activity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of survival gene product expression; survival gene products are those that antagonize the apoptotic program. Regulation can be at the transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational level.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of survival gene product expression
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of survival gene product expression; survival gene products are those that antagonize the apoptotic program. Regulation can be at the transcriptional, translational, or posttranslational level.
+ up-regulation of survival gene product activity
+ positive regulation of survival gene product activity
+ activation of survival gene product activity
+ stimulation of survival gene product activity
+ upregulation of survival gene product activity
+ positive regulation of survival gene products
+ up regulation of survival gene product activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+ down regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+ down-regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+ downregulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+ upregulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+ up-regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+ activation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription.
+ down-regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
+ inhibition of transcription, DNA-dependent
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
+ up-regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
+ stimulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
+ activation of transcription, DNA-dependent
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-dependent transcription.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription, mating-type specific
+
+
+ downregulation of transcription, mating-type specific
+ down-regulation of transcription, mating-type specific
+ inhibition of transcription, mating-type specific
+ biological_process
+ Any mating-type specific process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription.
+ down regulation of transcription, mating-type specific
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription, mating-type specific
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of transcription, mating-type specific
+ Any mating-type specific process that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
+ stimulation of transcription, mating-type specific
+ activation of transcription, mating-type specific
+ up-regulation of transcription, mating-type specific
+ up regulation of transcription, mating-type specific
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription, mitotic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during mitosis.
+ mitotic regulation of transcription
+ regulation of transcription during mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription, mitotic
+
+
+ activation of transcription, mitotic
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during mitosis.
+ positive regulation of transcription during mitosis
+ up regulation of transcription, mitotic
+ upregulation of transcription, mitotic
+ up-regulation of transcription, mitotic
+ mitotic activation of transcription
+ stimulation of transcription, mitotic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcriptional pre-initiation complex biosynthesis
+ regulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of transcriptional pre-initiation complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+ up-regulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+ stimulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+ activation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+ upregulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly.
+ positive regulation of transcriptional pre-initiation complex biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of transcriptional preinitiation complex formation
+ positive regulation of transcriptional pre-initiation complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translational elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.
+ down-regulation of translational elongation
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of translational elongation
+ inhibition of translational elongation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of translational elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translational elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of translational elongation
+ up-regulation of translational elongation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of translational elongation
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of translational elongation
+ stimulation of translational elongation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translational fidelity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of translational fidelity
+ down regulation of translational fidelity
+ down-regulation of translational fidelity
+ downregulation of translational fidelity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translational fidelity
+
+
+ up regulation of translational fidelity
+ up-regulation of translational fidelity
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that increases the ability of the translational apparatus to interpret the genetic code.
+ upregulation of translational fidelity
+ stimulation of translational fidelity
+ activation of translational fidelity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translational termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of translational termination
+ inhibition of translational termination
+ downregulation of translational termination
+ down-regulation of translational termination
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translational termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of translational termination
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational termination.
+ up-regulation of translational termination
+ activation of translational termination
+ upregulation of translational termination
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of translational termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of vasoconstriction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.
+ downregulation of vasoconstriction
+ down-regulation of vasoconstriction
+ down regulation of vasoconstriction
+ inhibition of vasoconstriction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of vasoconstriction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of vasoconstriction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.
+ upregulation of vasoconstriction
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of vasoconstriction
+ stimulation of vasoconstriction
+ up regulation of vasoconstriction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of vasodilation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of vasodilation
+ down-regulation of vasodilation
+ downregulation of vasodilation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasodilation.
+ down regulation of vasodilation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of vasodilation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of vasodilation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasodilation.
+ upregulation of vasodilation
+ stimulation of vasodilation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of vasodilation
+ up-regulation of vasodilation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of DNA recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of DNA recombination
+ down-regulation of DNA recombination
+ down regulation of DNA recombination
+ downregulation of DNA recombination
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of DNA recombination
+ up regulation of DNA recombination
+ stimulation of DNA recombination
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination.
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of DNA recombination
+ biological_process
+ activation of DNA recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate.
+ down regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
+ down-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
+ inhibition of carbohydrate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
+ up-regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
+ activation of carbohydrate metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrate.
+ up regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
+ stimulation of carbohydrate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
+ inhibition of catecholamine metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of catecholamine metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine.
+ down-regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of catecholamine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
+ positive regulation of catecholamine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving catecholamine.
+ up-regulation of catecholamine metabolic process
+ activation of catecholamine metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation of catecholamine metabolic process
+ upregulation of catecholamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of complement activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of complement activation
+ down-regulation of complement activation
+ down regulation of complement activation
+ downregulation of complement activation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of complement activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of complement activation
+ up regulation of complement activation
+ upregulation of complement activation
+ biological_process
+ activation of complement activation
+ stimulation of complement activation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of cytolysis
+ inhibition of cytolysis
+ downregulation of cytolysis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of cytolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of cytolysis
+ stimulation of cytolysis
+ activation of cytolysis
+ up-regulation of cytolysis
+ up regulation of cytolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of exocytosis
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of exocytosis
+ downregulation of exocytosis
+ down-regulation of exocytosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of exocytosis
+ up regulation of exocytosis
+ stimulation of exocytosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of exocytosis
+ upregulation of exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of fatty acid metabolic process
+ negative regulation of fatty acid metabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
+ downregulation of fatty acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of fatty acid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of fatty acid metabolic process
+ up regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
+ stimulation of fatty acid metabolic process
+ up-regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
+ activation of fatty acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of female receptivity
+
+
+ female receptivity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the willingness or readiness of a female to receive male advances.
+ GO:0060181
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of female receptivity
+
+ up regulation of female receptivity
+ biological_process
+ activation of female receptivity
+ stimulation of female receptivity
+ upregulation of female receptivity
+ Any process that activates or increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances.
+ up-regulation of female receptivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of growth
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.
+ inhibition of growth
+ downregulation of growth
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of growth
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of growth
+ upregulation of growth
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation of growth
+ up-regulation of growth
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of growth, the increase in size or mass of all or part of an organism.
+ up regulation of growth
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.
+ down-regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+ inhibition of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+ downregulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone metabolism
+ down regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+ up regulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+ stimulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving juvenile hormone.
+ activation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone metabolism
+ upregulation of juvenile hormone metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
+ inhibition of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
+ downregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ down-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
+ upregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ stimulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ up-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ activation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ up regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of muscle contraction
+ down regulation of muscle contraction
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of muscle contraction
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
+ downregulation of muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of muscle contraction
+ upregulation of muscle contraction
+ biological_process
+ activation of muscle contraction
+ up-regulation of muscle contraction
+ stimulation of muscle contraction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+ down-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+ downregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
+ up-regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+ stimulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism
+ activation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+ upregulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of phosphate metabolism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.
+ downregulation of phosphate metabolic process
+ inhibition of phosphate metabolic process
+ down regulation of phosphate metabolic process
+ down-regulation of phosphate metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of phosphate metabolic process
+ up regulation of phosphate metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of phosphate metabolism
+ stimulation of phosphate metabolic process
+ up-regulation of phosphate metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphates.
+ biological_process
+ activation of phosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of sleep
+ up regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+ upregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+ up-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+ stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+ activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+ Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of sleep, a readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity that occurs periodically in many animals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of steroid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation of steroid metabolic process
+ downregulation of steroid metabolic process
+ inhibition of steroid metabolic process
+ negative regulation of steroid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of steroid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of steroid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of steroid metabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving steroids.
+ up-regulation of steroid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of steroid metabolic process
+ stimulation of steroid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ activation of steroid metabolic process
+ upregulation of steroid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:274218
+ stimulation of transcription
+ Reactome:265363
+ up-regulation of transcription
+ Reactome:262538
+ Reactome:255788
+ Reactome:291788
+ Reactome:249686
+ Reactome:163765
+ Reactome:221564
+ Reactome:286706
+ Reactome:280687
+ up regulation of transcription
+ Reactome:289870
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:244782
+ upregulation of transcription
+ Reactome:211800
+ Reactome:293769
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:292436
+ Reactome:288369
+ Reactome:282896
+ Reactome:268491
+ Reactome:230170
+ Reactome:259182
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
+ Reactome:238201
+ activation of transcription
+ Reactome:290405
+ Reactome:252601
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phosphorus utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of phosphorus utilization
+ downregulation of phosphorus utilization
+ down regulation of phosphorus utilization
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of phosphorus utilization
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter
+ upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+ up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNA polymerase I promoter.
+ stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+ up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+ activation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter
+ upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+ up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from the RNA polymerase III promoter.
+ activation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+ up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+ upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translational initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of translational initiation
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of translational initiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
+ downregulation of translational initiation
+ inhibition of translational initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translational initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of translational initiation
+ up regulation of translational initiation
+ stimulation of translational initiation
+ activation of translational initiation
+ upregulation of translational initiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translational initiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phosphorus utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of phosphorus utilization
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of phosphorus utilization
+ stimulation of phosphorus utilization
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphorus utilization.
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of phosphorus utilization
+ activation of phosphorus utilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of mitotic recombination
+ negative regulation of recombination within rDNA repeats
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of mitotic recombination
+ down regulation of mitotic recombination
+ downregulation of mitotic recombination
+ Any process that inhibits or decreases the rate of DNA recombination during mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitotic recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of mitotic recombination
+ up regulation of mitotic recombination
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA recombination during mitosis.
+ upregulation of mitotic recombination
+ activation of mitotic recombination
+ stimulation of mitotic recombination
+ positive regulation of recombination within rDNA repeats
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of juvenile hormone breakdown
+ regulation of juvenile hormone catabolism
+ regulation of juvenile hormone degradation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ negative regulation of NK cell mediated cell death
+ down regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ negative regulation of NK cell mediated cell killing
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytolysis
+ downregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of natural killer mediated cytotoxicity.
+ negative regulation of NK cell mediated cytolysis
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell killing
+ negative regulation of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NK cell mediated cytolysis
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytolysis
+ positive regulation of NK cell mediated cell killing
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ positive regulation of NK cell mediated cell death
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
+ stimulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ upregulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell death
+ activation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cell killing
+ positive regulation of NK cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+ down regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
+ inhibition of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+ upregulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
+ up regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+ activation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+ stimulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of complement activation, alternative pathway
+ down-regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
+ down regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of complement activation, alternative pathway
+ up regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the alternative pathway.
+ upregulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
+ up-regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
+ stimulation of complement activation, alternative pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway.
+ inhibition of complement activation, classical pathway
+ down-regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of complement activation, classical pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of complement activation by the classical pathway.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of complement activation, classical pathway
+ activation of complement activation, classical pathway
+ up-regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
+ stimulation of complement activation, classical pathway
+ up regulation of complement activation, classical pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of development, heterochronic
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heterochronic development.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of development, heterochronic
+ downregulation of development, heterochronic
+ down-regulation of development, heterochronic
+ inhibition of development, heterochronic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of development, heterochronic
+
+ up-regulation of development, heterochronic
+ up regulation of development, heterochronic
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heterochronic development.
+ stimulation of development, heterochronic
+ upregulation of development, heterochronic
+ activation of development, heterochronic
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of dopamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of dopamine metabolic process
+ down-regulation of dopamine metabolic process
+ inhibition of dopamine metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.
+ negative regulation of dopamine metabolism
+ down regulation of dopamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of dopamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of dopamine metabolism
+ activation of dopamine metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dopamine.
+ upregulation of dopamine metabolic process
+ up regulation of dopamine metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of dopamine metabolic process
+ up-regulation of dopamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+ inhibition of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+ negative regulation of ecdysteroid metabolism
+ down regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+ downregulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+ activation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+ upregulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+ positive regulation of ecdysteroid metabolism
+ up-regulation of ecdysteroid metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving ecdysteroids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of growth rate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of growth rate
+ down-regulation of growth rate
+ downregulation of growth rate
+ Note that this term and its definition depart from the usual conventions for GO 'regulation' process terms; regulation of rate is not usually distinguished from regulation of extent or frequency, but it makes sense to do so for growth regulation.
+ inhibition of growth rate
+ Any process that reduces the rate of growth of all or part of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone.
+ down regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone anabolism
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis
+ inhibition of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone formation
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthesis
+ upregulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+ activation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone anabolism
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of juvenile hormone.
+ stimulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of juvenile hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone catabolism
+ down regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+ inhibition of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone breakdown
+ down-regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormone.
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone degradation
+ downregulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+ stimulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+ up-regulation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of juvenile hormone.
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone breakdown
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone degradation
+ activation of juvenile hormone catabolic process
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of juvenile hormone.
+ down-regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of juvenile hormone secretion
+ downregulation of juvenile hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
+ stimulation of juvenile hormone secretion
+ up regulation of juvenile hormone secretion
+ upregulation of juvenile hormone secretion
+ activation of juvenile hormone secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of juvenile hormone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that modulates the frequency, rate or extent that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translation, ncRNA-mediated
+
+
+ up regulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
+ biological_process
+ Any process, mediated by small non-coding RNAs, that activates or increases the rate that mRNAs are effectively translated into protein.
+ up-regulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
+ upregulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
+ stimulation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
+ activation of mRNA translation, ncRNA-mediated
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
+ negative regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
+ down-regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
+ inhibition of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
+ negative regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.
+ downregulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
+ up regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.
+ activation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle
+ positive regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
+ stimulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
+ upregulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
+ up-regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of nucleoside metabolism
+ inhibition of nucleoside metabolic process
+ downregulation of nucleoside metabolic process
+ down regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of nucleoside metabolic process
+ up regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ activation of nucleoside metabolic process
+ positive regulation of nucleoside metabolism
+ stimulation of nucleoside metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleosides.
+ up-regulation of nucleoside metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
+ down regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
+ downregulation of nucleotide metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of nucleotide metabolism
+ inhibition of nucleotide metabolic process
+ down-regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of nucleotide metabolism
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of nucleotide metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleotides.
+ stimulation of nucleotide metabolic process
+ activation of nucleotide metabolic process
+ up regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
+ up-regulation of nucleotide metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of purine base metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of purine base metabolic process
+ down regulation of purine base metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of purine base metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving purine bases.
+ negative regulation of purine base metabolism
+ downregulation of purine base metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of purine base metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of purine base metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving purine bases.
+ up regulation of purine base metabolic process
+ activation of purine base metabolic process
+ up-regulation of purine base metabolic process
+ positive regulation of purine base metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of purine base metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+ down regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine bases.
+ down-regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of pyrimidine base metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of pyrimidine base metabolism
+ stimulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+ activation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving pyrimidine bases.
+ upregulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+ up-regulation of pyrimidine base metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of smooth muscle contraction
+ down regulation of smooth muscle contraction
+ downregulation of smooth muscle contraction
+ inhibition of smooth muscle contraction
+ smooth muscle relaxation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of smooth muscle contraction
+ up-regulation of smooth muscle contraction
+ stimulation of smooth muscle contraction
+ up regulation of smooth muscle contraction
+ biological_process
+ activation of smooth muscle contraction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of striated muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of striated muscle contraction
+ downregulation of striated muscle contraction
+ down-regulation of striated muscle contraction
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
+ inhibition of striated muscle contraction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of striated muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of striated muscle contraction
+ upregulation of striated muscle contraction
+ up-regulation of striated muscle contraction
+ activation of striated muscle contraction
+ up regulation of striated muscle contraction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process involving carbon catabolites that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
+
+
+ activation of transcription by carbon catabolites
+ biological_process
+ Any process involving carbon catabolites that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
+ upregulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
+ stimulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
+ up regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of transcription by carbon catabolites
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of embryonic development
+ down regulation of embryonic development
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of embryonic development
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
+ down-regulation of embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translational initiation by iron
+
+
+ Any process involving iron that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translational initiation.
+ down-regulation of translational initiation by iron
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of translational initiation by iron
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of translational initiation by iron
+ down regulation of translational initiation by iron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translational initiation by iron
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of translational initiation by iron
+ upregulation of translational initiation by iron
+ activation of translational initiation by iron
+ stimulation of translational initiation by iron
+ up regulation of translational initiation by iron
+ Any process involving iron that activates or increases the rate of translational initiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription by pheromones
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of transcription by pheromones
+ down-regulation of transcription by pheromones
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of transcription by pheromones
+ Any process involving pheromones that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription.
+ downregulation of transcription by pheromones
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids.
+ negative regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of ecdysteroid formation
+ negative regulation of ecdysteroid synthesis
+ down regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of ecdysteroid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+ activation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ecdysteroids.
+ positive regulation of ecdysteroid anabolism
+ positive regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of ecdysteroid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of ecdysteroid biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of ecdysteroid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.
+ downregulation of ecdysteroid secretion
+ inhibition of ecdysteroid secretion
+ down regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
+ down-regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of ecdysteroid secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of ecdysteroid.
+ up-regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of ecdysteroid secretion
+ up regulation of ecdysteroid secretion
+ stimulation of ecdysteroid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
+ inhibition of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ down-regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
+ down regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ negative regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ downregulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ up regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ stimulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+ activation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ positive regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
+ upregulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ up-regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ down regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ negative regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
+ negative regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
+ downregulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
+ positive regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ activation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ upregulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ positive regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
+ up-regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+ up regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+ activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+ stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+ positive regulation of REM sleep
+ upregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+ up-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of activated T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of activated T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ regulation of activated T-cell proliferation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.
+ regulation of activated T lymphocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of activated T cell proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of activated T cell proliferation.
+ negative regulation of activated T-cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of activated T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ down-regulation of activated T cell proliferation
+ down regulation of activated T cell proliferation
+ downregulation of activated T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of activated T lymphocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
+
+
+ up regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
+ up-regulation of female receptivity, post-mating
+ activation of female receptivity, post-mating
+ stimulation of female receptivity, post-mating
+ Any process that increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of female receptivity, post-mating
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+ stimulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+ upregulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+ Any process that activates or increases the duration or quality of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
+ up regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+ up-regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of non-REM sleep
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oskar mRNA translation
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation. To ensure the localization of Oskar protein at the posterior pole of the oocyte, translation of oskar mRNA is repressed during its transport to the posterior pole and activated upon localization of the mRNA at the posterior cortex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of oskar mRNA translation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of oskar mRNA translation
+ up regulation of oskar mRNA translation
+ activation of oskar mRNA translation
+ upregulation of oskar mRNA translation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oskar mRNA translation.
+ up-regulation of oskar mRNA translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-cell homeostatic proliferation
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
+ regulation of resting T cell proliferation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of T lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
+ inhibition of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+ negative regulation of resting T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte homeostatic proliferation
+ downregulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+ down-regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation
+ negative regulation of T-cell homeostatic proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of resting T cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription by glucose
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involving glucose that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription by glucose
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of transcription by glucose
+ up-regulation of transcription by glucose
+ stimulation of transcription by glucose
+ activation of transcription by glucose
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of transcription by glucose
+ Any process involving glucose that activates or increases the rate of transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis
+ mitotic regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis.
+ regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter during mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis
+ stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+ up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+ up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter, mitotic
+ upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis.
+ activation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
+ mitotic activation of transcription from Pol I promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter by pheromones
+ Any process involving pheromones that modulates the frequency, rate or extent or transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter by pheromones
+ downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+ down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+ biological_process
+ Any process involving pheromones that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+ down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by pheromones
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis.
+ regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter, mitotic
+ mitotic regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis.
+ up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+ activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+ stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+ up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis
+ positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter, mitotic
+ mitotic activation of transcription from Pol II promoter
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis
+ regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter, mitotic
+ biological_process
+ mitotic regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+
+
+
+ upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+ up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+ positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis
+ mitotic activation of transcription from Pol III promoter
+ stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+ activation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+ positive regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter, mitotic
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis.
+ up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ADP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
+ ADP metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ADP catabolic process
+
+
+ ADP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ ADP breakdown
+ ADP catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AMP metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving AMP, adenosine monophosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ AMP metabolism
+ biological_process
+ adenylate forming enzyme activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ ATP metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ATP, adenosine triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CMP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP, cytidine monophosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ CMP metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CTP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ CTP metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving CTP, cytidine triphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GMP metabolic process
+
+ GMP metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GMP catabolic process
+
+
+ GMP degradation
+ biological_process
+ GMP breakdown
+ GMP catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GMP, guanosine monophosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GTP metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
+ GTP metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IMP metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving IMP, inosine monophosphate.
+ IMP metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ITP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ ITP metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ITP, inosine triphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ITP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ITP synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ ITP formation
+ ITP biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ITP, inosine triphosphate.
+ ITP anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TDP metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving TDP, ribosylthymine diphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ TDP metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TMP metabolic process
+
+ TMP metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TMP catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TMP, ribosylthymine monophosphate.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ TMP catabolism
+ TMP degradation
+ TMP breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TTP metabolic process
+
+ TTP metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TTP catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of TTP, ribosylthymine triphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ TTP breakdown
+ TTP hydrolysis
+ gosubset_prok
+ TTP degradation
+ TTP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP metabolic process
+
+ UDP metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP, uridine (5'-)diphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UMP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UMP, uridine monophosphate.
+ UMP metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UMP catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UMP, uridine monophosphate.
+ UMP breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ UMP degradation
+ UMP catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UTP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ UTP metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UTP catabolic process
+
+
+ UTP breakdown
+ biological_process
+ UTP hydrolysis
+ UTP catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of UTP, uridine (5'-)triphosphate.
+ UTP degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dAMP metabolic process
+
+ dAMP metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dGMP metabolic process
+
+ dGMP metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dGMP catabolic process
+
+
+ dGMP degradation
+ dGMP catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ dGMP breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGMP, deoxyguanosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dADP metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).
+ dADP metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dADP catabolic process
+
+
+ dADP breakdown
+ dADP catabolism
+ dADP degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dADP, deoxyadenosine diphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphate).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cAMP metabolic process
+
+ cAMP generating peptide activity
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
+ 3',5' cAMP metabolism
+ 3',5' cAMP metabolic process
+ 3',5'-cAMP metabolic process
+ cAMP metabolism
+ cyclic AMP metabolic process
+ adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate metabolism
+ cyclic AMP metabolism
+ biological_process
+ 3',5'-cAMP metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dAMP catabolic process
+
+
+ dAMP catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ dAMP breakdown
+ dAMP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dAMP, deoxyadenosine monophosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dATP metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).
+ gosubset_prok
+ dATP metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dATP catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ dATP catabolism
+ dATP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dATP, deoxyadenosine triphosphate (2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate).
+ biological_process
+ dATP breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dCDP metabolic process
+
+ dCDP metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCDP, deoxycytidine 5'-diphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dCMP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.
+ dCMP metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dCMP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dCMP anabolism
+ dCMP formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dCMP, deoxycytidine monophosphate.
+ biological_process
+ dCMP synthesis
+ dCMP biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dCTP metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ dCTP metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dCTP, deoxycytidine triphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dGDP metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).
+ dGDP metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dGDP catabolic process
+
+
+ dGDP breakdown
+ dGDP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dGDP, deoxyguanosine diphosphate, (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ dGDP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cGMP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
+ cGMP metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cGMP catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-phosphate.
+ cGMP degradation
+ cGMP breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cGMP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dGTP metabolic process
+
+ dGTP metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dGTP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ dGTP anabolism
+ dGTP formation
+ dGTP biosynthesis
+ dGTP synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dGTP, guanosine triphosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTDP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ dTDP metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP, deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTMP metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate (2'-deoxyribosylthymine 5'-phosphate).
+ biological_process
+ dTMP metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTMP catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTMP, deoxyribosylthymine monophosphate.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ dTMP catabolism
+ dTMP degradation
+ dTMP breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTTP metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.
+ dTTP metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTTP catabolic process
+
+
+ dTTP degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dTTP, deoxyribosylthymine triphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ dTTP breakdown
+ dTTP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dUDP metabolic process
+
+ dUDP metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUDP, deoxyuridine (5'-)diphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dUMP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate (2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate).
+ dUMP metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dUMP catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUMP, deoxyuridine (5'-)monophosphate.
+ dUMP degradation
+ dUMP breakdown
+ biological_process
+ dUMP catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dUTP metabolic process
+
+ dUTP metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dUTP catabolic process
+
+
+ dUTP degradation
+ dUTP breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of dUTP, deoxyuridine (5'-)triphosphate.
+ dUTP catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 5-methylcytosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ 5-methylcytosine formation
+ 5-methylcytosine biosynthesis
+ 5-methylcytosine synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ 5-methylcytosine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 5-methylcytosine, a methylated base of DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ adenine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ adenine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenine, 6-aminopurine, one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of numerous important derivatives of its corresponding ribonucleoside, adenosine.
+ adenine anabolism
+ adenine formation
+ adenine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenosine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.
+ adenosine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ adenosine biosynthesis
+ adenosine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of adenosine, adenine riboside, a ribonucleoside found widely distributed in cells of every type as the free nucleoside and in combination in nucleic acids and various nucleoside coenzymes.
+ adenosine synthesis
+ adenosine anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytidine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytidine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytidine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytidine, cytosine riboside, a widely distributed nucleoside.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytidine anabolism
+ cytidine formation
+ cytidine biosynthesis
+ cytidine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytosine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ cytosine biosynthesis
+ cytosine anabolism
+ cytosine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cytosine, 4-amino-2-hydroxypyrimidine, a pyrimidine derivative that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids; it occurs widely in cytidine derivatives.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyadenosine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyadenosine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyadenosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ deoxyadenosine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyadenosine, 2-deoxyribosyladenine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyadenosine biosynthesis
+ deoxyadenosine formation
+ deoxyadenosine anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxycytidine metabolic process
+
+ deoxycytidine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxycytidine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ deoxycytidine synthesis
+ deoxycytidine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxycytidine, 2-deoxyribosylcytosine, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
+ deoxycytidine formation
+ deoxycytidine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyinosine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyinosine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyinosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ deoxyinosine formation
+ deoxyinosine synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyinosine biosynthesis
+ deoxyinosine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine deoxyriboside.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyuridine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ deoxyuridine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyuridine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyuridine, 2-deoxyribosyluracil, one of the four major nucleosides of DNA.
+ deoxyuridine synthesis
+ deoxyuridine anabolism
+ deoxyuridine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyuridine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ guanine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ guanine biosynthesis
+ guanine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, 2-amino-6-hydroxypurine, a purine that is one of the five main bases found in nucleic acids and a component of a number of phosphorylated guanosine derivatives whose metabolic or regulatory functions are important.
+ gosubset_prok
+ guanine synthesis
+ guanine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoxanthine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ hypoxanthine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoxanthine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ hypoxanthine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ hypoxanthine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ hypoxanthine synthesis
+ hypoxanthine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, an intermediate in the degradation of adenylate. Its ribonucleoside is known as inosine and its ribonucleotide as inosinate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inosine metabolic process
+
+ inosine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of inosine, hypoxanthine riboside, a nucleoside found free but not in combination in nucleic acids except in the anticodons of some tRNAs.
+ inosine formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ inosine synthesis
+ inosine anabolism
+ inosine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thymidine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ deoxyribosylthymine metabolic process
+ thymidine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribosylthymine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thymidine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ thymidine anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymidine, deoxyribosylthymine thymine 2-deoxyriboside, a deoxynucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in deoxynucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
+ thymidine synthesis
+ deoxyribosylthymine biosynthesis
+ thymidine biosynthesis
+ deoxyribosylthymine biosynthetic process
+ thymidine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thymine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ thymine anabolism
+ thymine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ thymine formation
+ thymine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thymine, 5-methyluracil, one of the two major pyrimidine bases present (as thymidine) in DNA but not found in RNA other than (as ribothymidine) in transfer RNA, where it is a minor base.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uracil biosynthetic process
+
+
+ uracil formation
+ uracil synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uracil, 2,4-dioxopyrimidine, one of the pyrimidine bases occurring in RNA, but not in DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ uracil biosynthesis
+ uracil anabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uridine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.
+ uridine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uridine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ uridine anabolism
+ uridine biosynthesis
+ uridine formation
+ uridine synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of uridine, uracil riboside, a ribonucleoside very widely distributed but occurring almost entirely as phosphoric esters in ribonucleotides and ribonucleic acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.
+ xanthine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of xanthine, 2,6-dihydroxypurine, a purine formed in the metabolic breakdown of guanine but not present in nucleic acids.
+ xanthine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ xanthine synthesis
+ xanthine anabolism
+ xanthine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleobase synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.
+ nucleobase biosynthesis
+ nucleobase anabolism
+ nucleobase formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid.
+ nucleobase catabolism
+ biological_process
+ nucleobase degradation
+ nucleobase breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ guanosine anabolism
+ guanosine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ guanosine synthesis
+ guanosine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ guanosine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ guanosine catabolism
+ guanosine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of guanine, guanine riboside, a nucleoside with a wide species distribution.
+ guanosine breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ queuosine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ queuosine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ queuosine catabolic process
+
+
+ queuosine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ queuosine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of queuosines, any of a series of nucleosides found in tRNA and having an additional pentenyl ring added via an NH group to the methyl group of 7-methylguanosine. The pentenyl ring may carry other substituents.
+ gosubset_prok
+ queuosine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 7-methylguanosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ 7-methylguanosine anabolism
+ 7-methylguanosine synthesis
+ 7-methylguanosine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ 7-methylguanosine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 7-methylguanosine catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 7-methylguanosine, a modified nucleoside that forms a cap at the 5'-terminus of eukaryotic mRNA.
+ 7-methylguanosine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ 7-methylguanosine breakdown
+ 7-methylguanosine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside formation
+ biological_process
+ deoxyribonucleoside synthesis
+ deoxyribonucleoside anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribonucleoside biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ deoxyribonucleoside degradation
+ biological_process
+ deoxyribonucleoside catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribonucleoside breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine deoxyribonucleoside, one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside formation
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process
+
+
+
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside degradation
+ purine deoxyribonucleoside breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a purine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolic process
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside anabolism
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside biosynthesis
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside synthesis
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside catabolic process
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside degradation
+ pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside metabolic process
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside biosynthesis
+ purine ribonucleoside formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
+ purine ribonucleoside synthesis
+ purine ribonucleoside anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine ribonucleoside catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ purine ribonucleoside breakdown
+ purine ribonucleoside degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any purine ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which purine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
+ purine ribonucleoside catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside biosynthesis
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside formation
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside catabolic process
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any ribonucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose (beta-D-ribofuranose) molecule.
+ biological_process
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside breakdown
+ pyrimidine ribonucleoside catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside synthesis
+ pyrimidine nucleoside anabolism
+ pyrimidine nucleoside formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside catabolic process
+
+
+ pyrimidine nucleoside degradation
+ pyrimidine nucleoside breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of one of a family of organic molecules consisting of a pyrimidine base covalently bonded to a sugar ribose (a ribonucleoside) or deoxyribose (a deoxyribonucleoside).
+ pyrimidine nucleoside catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of vitamin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of vitamin metabolic process
+ up regulation of vitamin metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
+ activation of vitamin metabolic process
+ stimulation of vitamin metabolic process
+ positive regulation of vitamin metabolism
+ up-regulation of vitamin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of vitamin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of vitamin metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a vitamin, one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of vitamin metabolism
+ downregulation of vitamin metabolic process
+ inhibition of vitamin metabolic process
+ down-regulation of vitamin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corrin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ corrin synthesis
+ corrin biosynthesis
+ corrin anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.
+ biological_process
+ corrin formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corrin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ corrin breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of corrin, C19H22N4, the fundamental heterocyclic skeleton of the corrinoids. It consists of four reduced pyrrole rings joined into a macrocyclic ring. Corrin is the core of the vitamin B12 molecule.
+ corrin catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ corrin degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-alanine family amino acid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine and related amino acids.
+ biological_process
+ D-alanine family amino acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-alanine family amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-alanine family amino acid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-alanine and related amino acids.
+ biological_process
+ D-alanine family amino acid anabolism
+ D-alanine family amino acid biosynthesis
+ D-alanine family amino acid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrahydrobiopterin metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrahydrobiopterin catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of tetrahydrobiopterin, the reduced form of biopterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-pteridine). It functions as a hydroxylation coenzyme, e.g. in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine.
+ tetrahydrobiopterin breakdown
+ biological_process
+ tetrahydrobiopterin degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ tetrahydrobiopterin catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
+ pigment biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ pigment formation
+ biological_process
+ pigment synthesis
+ pigment anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ pigment catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
+ pigment breakdown
+ pigment degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ melanin catabolic process
+
+
+ melanin degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.
+ melanin catabolism
+ melanin breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye pigment catabolic process
+
+
+ eye pigment degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of eye pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the eye.
+ biological_process
+ eye pigment catabolism
+ eye pigment breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ommochrome metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.
+ ommochrome metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ommochrome catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ommochrome breakdown
+ ommochrome catabolism
+ ommochrome degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ommochromes, any of a large group of natural polycyclic pigments commonly found in the Arthropoda, particularly in the ommatidia of the compound eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhodopsin metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ rhodopsin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhodopsin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ rhodopsin catabolism
+ rhodopsin breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of rhodopsin, a brilliant purplish-red, light-sensitive visual pigment found in the rod cells of the retinas.
+ biological_process
+ rhodopsin degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ siroheme metabolic process
+
+ sirohaem metabolism
+ sirohaem metabolic process
+ siroheme metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ siroheme catabolic process
+
+
+ sirohaem catabolic process
+ sirohaem catabolism
+ siroheme breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siroheme, a tetrahydroporphyrin with adjacent, reduced pyrrole rings.
+ gosubset_prok
+ siroheme degradation
+ siroheme catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ocellus pigment metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
+ biological_process
+ ocellus pigment metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ocellus pigment catabolic process
+
+
+ ocellus pigment breakdown
+ ocellus pigment catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ocellus pigments, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, found or utilized in the ocellus, a minute simple eye found in many invertebrates.
+ ocellus pigment degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme a metabolic process
+
+ haem a metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ heme a metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.
+ haem a metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme a catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ heme a breakdown
+ haem a catabolic process
+ heme a catabolism
+ haem a catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme a, a derivative of heme found in cytochrome aa3.
+ heme a degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme c metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ haem c metabolic process
+ haem c metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme c, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.
+ heme c metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme c catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ haem c catabolic process
+ heme c catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme c, a derivative of heme found in cytochromes c, b4, and f.
+ heme c degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ heme c breakdown
+ haem c catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alcohol catabolic process
+
+
+ alcohol catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ alcohol breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
+ alcohol degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alcohol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alcohols, any of a class of compounds containing one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a saturated carbon atom.
+ gosubset_prok
+ alcohol synthesis
+ alcohol anabolism
+ alcohol formation
+ biological_process
+ alcohol biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an important intermediate in glycolysis.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate biosynthetic process
+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate synthesis
+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate anabolism
+ glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate biosynthesis
+ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ glycerol-3-phosphate synthesis
+ glycerol-3-phosphate anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycerol-3-phosphate formation
+ glycerol-3-phosphate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol-3-phosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ glycerol-3-phosphate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glycerol-3-phosphate degradation
+ glycerol-3-phosphate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerol-3-phosphate, a phosphoric monoester of glycerol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methanol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ methanol anabolism
+ methanol synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.
+ methanol formation
+ biological_process
+ methanol biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methanol catabolic process
+
+
+
+ methanol degradation
+ methanol catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methanol, CH3-OH, a colorless, flammable, mobile, poisonous liquid, widely used as a solvent.
+ methanol breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octanol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ octanol formation
+ octanol anabolism
+ octanol biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ octanol synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octanol catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octanol, the 8-carbon alcohol with the formula C8H17OH.
+ octanol breakdown
+ octanol degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ octanol catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ polyhydric alcohol biosynthetic process
+ polyol synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
+ gosubset_prok
+ polyol anabolism
+ polyol formation
+ polyol biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyol catabolic process
+
+
+ polyol degradation
+ polyol breakdown
+ polyhydric alcohol catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a polyol, any alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups attached to saturated carbon atoms.
+ biological_process
+ polyol catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldonic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ aldonic acid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.
+ aldonic acid anabolism
+ aldonic acid formation
+ aldonic acid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldonic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ aldonic acid degradation
+ aldonic acid breakdown
+ aldonic acid catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldonic acid, a monocarboxylic acid with a chain of three or more carbon atoms, derived from an aldose by oxidation of the aldehydic group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-gluconate catabolic process
+
+
+ D-gluconate breakdown
+ MetaCyc:GLUCONSUPER-PWY
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-gluconate degradation
+ biological_process
+ D-gluconate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-gluconate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ D-gluconate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-gluconate, the anion of D-gluconic acid, the aldonic acid derived from glucose.
+ biological_process
+ D-gluconate formation
+ D-gluconate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-gluconate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-dehydro-D-gluconate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ D-dehydro-D-gluconate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-dehydro-D-gluconate, the anion of D-dehydro-D-gluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose.
+ D-dehydro-D-gluconate formation
+ D-dehydro-D-gluconate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-dehydro-D-gluconate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ketogluconate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.
+ ketogluconate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ ketogluconate synthesis
+ ketogluconate biosynthesis
+ ketogluconate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ketogluconate catabolic process
+
+
+ ketogluconate breakdown
+ ketogluconate degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketogluconate, the anion of ketogluconic acid, an aldonic acid derived from glucose containing a ketonic carbonyl group.
+ biological_process
+ ketogluconate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-idonate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ L-idonate anabolism
+ L-idonate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ L-idonate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-idonate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-idonate catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ L-idonate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-idonate, the anion of idonic acid, an aldonic acid derived from L-idose, an aldohexose which is epimeric with D-glucose.
+ L-idonate breakdown
+ L-idonate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldehyde biosynthetic process
+
+
+ aldehyde synthesis
+ aldehyde formation
+ aldehyde biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ aldehyde anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aldehyde catabolic process
+
+
+ aldehyde degradation
+ aldehyde catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ aldehyde breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aldehydes, any organic compound with the formula R-CH=O.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetaldehyde biosynthetic process
+
+
+ acetaldehyde formation
+ acetaldehyde biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ acetaldehyde anabolism
+ acetaldehyde synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetaldehyde catabolic process
+
+
+ acetaldehyde breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetaldehyde, a colorless, flammable liquid intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol.
+ acetaldehyde degradation
+ biological_process
+ acetaldehyde catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methane catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methane, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas with the formula CH4. It is the simplest of the alkanes.
+ biological_process
+ methane catabolism
+ methane degradation
+ methane breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ phenol synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring. The largest single use of phenol is in the production of plastics, but it is also used in the synthesis of caprolactam, a precursor for nylon 6 and other man-made fibers.
+ gosubset_prok
+ phenol biosynthesis
+ phenol formation
+ phenol anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic phenol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.
+ gosubset_prok
+ aerobic phenol biosynthesis
+ aerobic phenol synthesis
+ biological_process
+ aerobic phenol formation
+ aerobic phenol anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic phenol catabolic process
+
+
+ aerobic phenol degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the presence of oxygen.
+ aerobic phenol breakdown
+ aerobic phenol catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic phenol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ anaerobic phenol anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.
+ anaerobic phenol formation
+ anaerobic phenol biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ anaerobic phenol synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic phenol catabolic process
+
+
+ anaerobic phenol breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ anaerobic phenol degradation
+ anaerobic phenol catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phenol, any compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups directly attached to an aromatic carbon ring, in the absence of oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-nitrophenol catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 4-nitrophenol catabolism
+ 4-nitrophenol breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 4-nitrophenol, a nitroaromatic compound which is used in the production of dyes, leather treatment agents, fungicides and as an intermediate in the production of the insecticide parathion.
+ 4-nitrophenol degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ orcinol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol), an aromatic compound derived from the fermentation of lichen and synthesized by some higher plants.
+ orcinol synthesis
+ orcinol anabolism
+ orcinol biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ orcinol formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cresol catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cresol, a mixture of the aromatic alcohol isoforms o-, p-, and m-cresol, which is obtained from coal tar or petroleum. The isomers are used as disinfectants, textile scouring agents, surfactants and as intermediates in the manufacture of salicylaldehyde, coumarin, and herbicides as well as being a major component of creosote.
+ cresol catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ cresol breakdown
+ biological_process
+ cresol degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanate, NCO-, the anion of cyanic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cyanate biosynthesis
+ cyanate anabolism
+ cyanate formation
+ biological_process
+ cyanate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ cyanide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ cyanide formation
+ cyanide synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cyanide, NC-, the anion of hydrocyanic acid. Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of respiration.
+ cyanide anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermidine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ spermidine breakdown
+ spermidine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
+ spermidine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nor-spermidine metabolic process
+
+ nor-spermidine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nor-spermidine catabolic process
+
+
+ nor-spermidine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nor-spermidine, a compound related to spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane.
+ nor-spermidine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ nor-spermidine degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trypanothione metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.
+ trypanothione metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trypanothione catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trypanothione (N1,N6,-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), an essential redox intermediate in intracellular thiol redox regulation which also plays a role in protecting against oxidative stress.
+ trypanothione degradation
+ trypanothione breakdown
+ trypanothione catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermine catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of spermine, a polybasic amine found in human sperm, in ribosomes and in some viruses and involved in nucleic acid packaging.
+ biological_process
+ spermine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ spermine degradation
+ spermine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitric oxide metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ nitric oxide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitric oxide catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ nitric oxide breakdown
+ nitric oxide degradation
+ biological_process
+ nitric oxide catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ (+)-camphor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ (+)-camphor anabolism
+ (+)-camphor biosynthesis
+ (+)-camphor synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of (+)-camphor, a bicyclic monoterpene ketone.
+ (+)-camphor formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methyl ethyl ketone catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ methyl ethyl ketone catabolism
+ methyl ethyl ketone breakdown
+ methyl ethyl ketone degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methyl ethyl ketone, a clear, colorless liquid with a fragrant, mint-like odor.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterobactin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ enterobactin degradation
+ enterobactin breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ enterobactin catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of enterobactin, a catechol-derived siderochrome of Enterobacteria; enterobactin (N',N',N''-(2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triacyclodecane-3,7,11-triyl)tris(2,3-dihydroxy)benzamide) is a self-triester of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoyl-L-serine and a product of the shikimate pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ siderophore catabolic process
+
+
+ siderophore breakdown
+ biological_process
+ siderophore catabolism
+ siderochrome catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ siderophore degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of siderophores, low molecular weight Fe(III)-chelating substances made by aerobic or facultatively anaerobic bacteria, especially when growing under iron deficient conditions. The complexes of Fe(3+)-siderophores have very high stability constants and are taken up by specific transport systems by microorganisms; the subsequent release of iron requires enzymatic action.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole phytoalexin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ indole phytoalexin catabolism
+ indole phytoalexin degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.
+ biological_process
+ indole phytoalexin breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indole phytoalexin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ indole phytoalexin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving indole phytoalexins, any indole compound produced by plants as part of their defense response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indolalkylamine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ indolalkylamine breakdown
+ indolalkylamine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
+ biological_process
+ indolalkylamine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indolalkylamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of indolalkylamines, indole or indole derivatives containing a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
+ indolalkylamine anabolism
+ indolalkylamine synthesis
+ indolalkylamine biosynthesis
+ indolalkylamine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ pyridine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.
+ pyridine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ pyridine anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ pyridine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pyridine, a nitrogenous base (C5H5N) obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor.
+ pyridine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ pyridine breakdown
+ pyridine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aflatoxin metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
+ aflatoxin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aflatoxin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ aflatoxin degradation
+ aflatoxin catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450.
+ biological_process
+ aflatoxin breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bacteriocin metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving bacteriocins, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
+ biological_process
+ bacteriocin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bacteriocin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ bacteriocin breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ bacteriocin catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a bacteriocin, any of a heterogeneous group of polypeptide antibiotics that are secreted by certain bacterial strains and are able to kill cells of other susceptible (frequently related) strains after adsorption at specific receptors on the cell surface. They include the colicins, and their mechanisms of action vary.
+ bacteriocin degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coumarin catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ coumarin breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ coumarin degradation
+ coumarin catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of coumarins, compounds derived from the phenylacrylic skeleton of cinnamic acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic compound widely used as a herbicide.
+ 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolism
+ 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid breakdown
+ 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-aminobenzenesulfonate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ 2-aminobenzenesulfonate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-aminobenzenesulfonate, an aromatic sulfonate used in organic synthesis and in the manufacture of various dyes and medicines.
+ 2-aminobenzenesulphonate catabolic process
+ 2-aminobenzenesulphonate catabolism
+ 2-aminobenzenesulfonate degradation
+ 2-aminobenzenesulfonate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbazole catabolic process
+
+
+
+ carbazole degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a dibenzopyrrole system that is produced during coal gasification and is present in cigarette smoke. Coal tar produced at high temperature contains an average of 1.5% carbazole. It is used widely in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and plastics and is a suspected carcinogen.
+ gosubset_prok
+ carbazole catabolism
+ carbazole breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gallate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ gallate anabolism
+ gallic acid biosynthesis
+ gallate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gallate synthesis
+ gallate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gallate, the anion of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid).
+ gallic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mandelate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mandelate, the anion of mandelic acid. Mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid) is an 8-carbon alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used in organic chemistry and as a urinary antiseptic.
+ mandelate formation
+ mandelate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ mandelate biosynthesis
+ mandelate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phthalate catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ phthalate degradation
+ phthalate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phthalate, the anion of phthalic acid.
+ biological_process
+ phthalate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ salicylic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid), a derivative of benzoic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ salicylic acid degradation
+ salicylic acid catabolism
+ biological_process
+ salicylic acid breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terpene biosynthetic process
+
+
+ terpene formation
+ terpene synthesis
+ biological_process
+ terpene anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ terpene biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terpene catabolic process
+
+
+ terpene catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ terpene degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of terpenes, any of a large group of hydrocarbons made up of isoprene units.
+ biological_process
+ terpene breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-pinene biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ alpha-pinene synthesis
+ alpha-pinene formation
+ alpha-pinene anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature.
+ alpha-pinene biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-pinene catabolic process
+
+
+ alpha-pinene catabolism
+ alpha-pinene breakdown
+ biological_process
+ alpha-pinene degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alpha-pinene, a monoterpene that may be a significant factor affecting bacterial activities in nature.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ limonene biosynthetic process
+
+
+ limonene synthesis
+ limonene formation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ limonene biosynthesis
+ limonene anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ limonene catabolic process
+
+
+ limonene breakdown
+ biological_process
+ limonene catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of limonene (4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene), a monocyclic monoterpene.
+ limonene degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic toluene catabolic process
+
+
+ anaerobic toluene catabolism
+ MetaCyc:PWY-81
+ anaerobic toluene degradation
+ biological_process
+ anaerobic toluene breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene, a volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbon found in crude petroleum and petroleum products, in the absence of oxygen.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process
+
+
+ 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolism
+ 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation
+ 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, a highly explosive pale yellow crystalline solid, in the absence of oxygen.
+ gosubset_prok
+ anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation
+ anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene catabolism
+ anaerobic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trinitrotoluene catabolic process
+
+
+ trinitrotoluene catabolism
+ trinitrotoluene breakdown
+ trinitrotoluene degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trinitrotoluene, a methylated benzene entity with three NO2 groups attached to it. This includes the explosive TNT, 1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrotoluene catabolic process
+
+
+ nitrotoluene breakdown
+ nitrotoluene degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of nitrotoluene, any methylbenzene molecule with NO2 group(s) attached.
+ nitrotoluene catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thiocyanate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ thiocyanate degradation
+ thiocyanate catabolism
+ thiocyanate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of thiocyanate, any anion of thiocyanic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triethanolamine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ triethanolamine degradation
+ triethanolamine catabolism
+ triethanolamine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of triethanolamine, a combustible, hygroscopic, colorless liquid commonly used in dry-cleaning solutions, cosmetics, detergents, textile processing, wool scouring, and as a corrosion inhibitor and pharmaceutical alkalizing agent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ toluene-4-sulfonate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ 4-toluenesulfonate catabolism
+ toluene-4-sulfonate breakdown
+ toluene-4-sulphonate catabolic process
+ toluene-4-sulphonate catabolism
+ toluene-4-sulfonate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ toluene-4-sulfonate degradation
+ 4-toluenesulfonate catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of toluene-4-sulfonate, 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, the anion of sulfonic acid attached to a methylbenzene molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylpropanoid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aromatic derivatives of trans-cinnamic acid.
+ phenylpropanoid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ phenylpropanoid catabolism
+ phenylpropanoid degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stilbene catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of stilbenes, a class of polyketide compounds formed from cinnamic acid and three molecules of malonyl CoA.
+ stilbene breakdown
+ stilbene degradation
+ stilbene catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lignan catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ lignan catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignans, any member of a class of plant metabolites related to lignins. Lignans are usually found as phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropanoid units are linked tail to tail and thus having a 2,3 dibenzylbutane skeleton, but higher oligomers can also exist.
+ biological_process
+ lignan degradation
+ lignan breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lignin catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lignins, a class of polymers of phenylpropanoid units.
+ gosubset_prok
+ lignin catabolism
+ lignin breakdown
+ biological_process
+ lignin degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavonoid catabolic process
+
+
+ flavonoid catabolism
+ flavonoid degradation
+ flavonoid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoids, a group of phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylgallate catabolic process
+
+
+ MetaCyc:METHYLGALLATE-DEGRADATION-PWY
+ methylgallate degradation
+ methylgallate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ methylgallate breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylgallate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of methylgallate, trihydroxymethylbenzoate, the anion of methylgallic acid.
+ biological_process
+ methylgallate synthesis
+ methylgallate formation
+ methylgallate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ methylgallate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protocatechuate metabolic process
+
+
+ protocatechuate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving protocatechuate, the anion of protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protocatechuate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of protocatechuate, the anion of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ protocatechuate synthesis
+ protocatechuate biosynthesis
+ protocatechuate formation
+ protocatechuate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chalcone catabolic process
+
+
+
+ chalcone catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ chalcone degradation
+ chalcone breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of chalcone, phenyl steryl ketone or its hydroxylated derivatives.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cinnamic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ phenylacrylic acid catabolism
+ biological_process
+ cinnamylic acid catabolism
+ cinnamic acid catabolism
+ cinnamylic acid catabolic process
+ cinnamic acid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cinnamic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid.
+ phenylacrylic acid catabolic process
+ cinnamic acid degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cinnamic acid ester catabolic process
+
+
+ cinnamic acid ester catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ester derivatives of cinnamic acid, phenylpropenoic acid.
+ cinnamic acid ester degradation
+ biological_process
+ cinnamic acid ester breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anthocyanin metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins that occur in plants. They are responsible from most of the scarlet, purple, mauve and blue coloring in higher plants, especially of flowers.
+ anthocyanin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anthocyanin catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ anthocyanin breakdown
+ anthocyanin degradation
+ anthocyanin catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of anthocyanins, any member of a group of intensely colored soluble glycosides of anthocyanidins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ flavonoid phytoalexin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of flavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives containing a flavan skeleton, which possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
+ flavonoid phytoalexin catabolism
+ flavonoid phytoalexin degradation
+ biological_process
+ flavonoid phytoalexin breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoflavonoid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids, containing a flavan skeleton. They are differentiated from flavonoids by the point of attachment of the aromatic ring moiety.
+ isoflavonoid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoflavonoid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoids, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives, isomeric with flavonoids.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ isoflavonoid breakdown
+ isoflavonoid degradation
+ isoflavonoid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoflavonoid phytoalexin metabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ isoflavonoid phytoalexin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ isoflavonoid phytoalexin breakdown
+ isoflavonoid phytoalexin catabolism
+ isoflavonoid phytoalexin degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of isoflavonoid phytoalexins, a group of water-soluble phenolic derivatives isomeric with flavonoids that possess antibiotic activity and are produced by plant tissues in response to infection.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formaldehyde metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ formaldehyde metabolism
+ methanal metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), a colorless liquid or gas with a pungent odor, commonly used as a fixative or an antibacterial agent.
+ methanal metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formaldehyde biosynthetic process
+
+
+ methanal biosynthetic process
+ methanal biosynthesis
+ formaldehyde synthesis
+ biological_process
+ formaldehyde biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde.
+ formaldehyde formation
+ formaldehyde anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formaldehyde catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of formaldehyde (methanal, H2C=O), the simplest aldehyde.
+ formaldehyde catabolism
+ formaldehyde degradation
+ formaldehyde breakdown
+ methanal catabolic process
+ methanal catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycolate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ glycolate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).
+ glycolate synthesis
+ glycolate formation
+ glycolate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycolate catabolic process
+
+
+
+ glycolate degradation
+ glycolate breakdown
+ glycolate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycolate, the anion of hydroxyethanoic acid (glycolic acid).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2,4-dichlorobenzoate catabolic process
+
+
+ 2,4-dichlorobenzoate breakdown
+ biological_process
+ 2,4-dichlorobenzoate degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, a chlorinated aromatic compound which is a key intermediate in the aerobic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
+ 2,4-dichlorobenzoate catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolism
+ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated phenoxy compound which functions as a systemic herbicide and is used to control many types of broadleaf weeds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide degradation
+ 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide breakdown
+ biological_process
+ 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide, an acylanide herbicide widely used to protect corn, onion, cabbage, rose bushes, and ornamental plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-nitropropane catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ 2-nitropropane degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2-nitropropane, a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, fruity odor.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 2-nitropropane breakdown
+ 2-nitropropane catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkanesulfonate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ alkanesulphonate biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ alkanesulfonate biosynthesis
+ alkanesulfonate anabolism
+ alkanesulfonate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ alkanesulphonate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety.
+ alkanesulfonate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkanesulfonate catabolic process
+
+
+ alkanesulphonate catabolism
+ alkanesulfonate catabolism
+ alkanesulphonate catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ alkanesulfonate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of alkanesulfonates, the anion of alkanesulfonic acids, sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety.
+ alkanesulfonate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Z-phenylacetaldoxime biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds.
+ Z-phenylacetaldoxime synthesis
+ Z-phenylacetaldoxime anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Z-phenylacetaldoxime biosynthesis
+ Z-phenylacetaldoxime formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Z-phenylacetaldoxime catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Z-phenylacetaldoxime degradation
+ Z-phenylacetaldoxime catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of Z-phenylacetaldoxime, a member of the glucosinolate group of compounds.
+ Z-phenylacetaldoxime breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol formation
+ 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol biosynthesis
+ 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol anabolism
+ biological_process
+ 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol catabolic process
+
+
+ 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCP), a halohydrin suspected of being carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic.
+ 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol catabolism
+ 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prenylcysteine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ prenylcysteine biosynthesis
+ prenylcysteine anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prenylcysteine, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl-cysteine, a derivative of the amino acid cysteine formed by the covalent addition of a prenyl residue.
+ prenylcysteine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ prenylcysteine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoarginine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ phosphoarginine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.
+ phosphoarginine biosynthesis
+ phosphoarginine synthesis
+ phosphoarginine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoarginine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphoarginine, a phosphorylated derivative of the amino acid arginine.
+ phosphoarginine catabolism
+ phosphoarginine degradation
+ phosphoarginine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphocreatine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ phosphocreatine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ phosphocreatine formation
+ phosphocreatine synthesis
+ phosphocreatine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphocreatine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphocreatine breakdown
+ phosphocreatine degradation
+ phosphocreatine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphocreatine, a phosphagen of creatine which is synthesized and broken down by creatine phosphokinase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucosylceramide synthesis
+ regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ regulation of glucosylceramide anabolism
+ regulation of glucosylceramide formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glucosylceramide formation
+ down regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthesis
+ inhibition of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of glucosylceramide synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide.
+ negative regulation of glucosylceramide anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylceramide.
+ positive regulation of glucosylceramide formation
+ upregulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of glucosylceramide synthesis
+ activation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of glucosylceramide anabolism
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of glucosylceramide biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fatty acid oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of fatty acid oxidation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
+ activation of fatty acid oxidation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of fatty acid oxidation
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of fatty acid oxidation
+ stimulation of fatty acid oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of fatty acid oxidation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fatty acid oxidation.
+ down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of fatty acid oxidation
+ inhibition of fatty acid oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose import
+
+ Reactome:212003
+ Reactome:244939
+ Reactome:274166
+ Reactome:238384
+ Reactome:262487
+ glucose uptake
+ Reactome:280639
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:255736
+ The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
+ Reactome:288340
+ Reactome:230346
+ Reactome:249820
+ Reactome:70153
+ Reactome:282863
+ Reactome:221767
+ Wikipedia:Glucose_uptake
+ Reactome:252558
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:259130
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucose import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of glucose uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glucose import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of glucose import
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
+ down-regulation of glucose import
+ downregulation of glucose import
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of glucose import
+ negative regulation of glucose uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glucose import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glucose uptake
+ up-regulation of glucose import
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
+ GOC:tb
+ stimulation of glucose import
+ upregulation of glucose import
+ biological_process
+ GOC:dph
+ up regulation of glucose import
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of glucose import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol biosynthetic process from pyruvate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, from other compounds, including pyruvate.
+ glycerol anabolism from pyruvate
+ glycerol synthesis from pyruvate
+ gosubset_prok
+ glyceroneogenesis
+ glycerol formation from pyruvate
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of JNK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of SAPK cascade
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of JNK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
+ down regulation of JNK cascade
+ down-regulation of JNK cascade
+ inhibition of JNK cascade
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of JNK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of JNK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of JNK cascade
+ up-regulation of JNK cascade
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of JNK cascade
+ up regulation of JNK cascade
+ activation of JNK cascade
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral inhibition
+
+ Signaling between cells of equivalent developmental potential that results in these cells adopting different developmental fates. An example is the suppression by cells with a particular fate of the adoption of the same fate by surrounding cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octopamine metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepihephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.
+ biological_process
+ octopamine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octopamine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octopamine, 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol. The D enantiomer is about one-tenth as active as norepihephrine and is found in the salivary glands of Octopus and Eledone species.
+ octopamine catabolism
+ octopamine breakdown
+ octopamine degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanolamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).
+ ethanolamine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ ethanolamine biosynthesis
+ ethanolamine synthesis
+ ethanolamine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethanolamine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ethanolamine degradation
+ ethanolamine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol), an important water-soluble base of phospholipid (phosphatidylethanolamine).
+ ethanolamine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphatidylethanolamine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine. It is a major structural phospholipid in mammalian systems. It tends to be more abundant than phosphatidylcholine in the internal membranes of the cell and is an abundant component of prokaryotic membranes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylethanolamine catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ phosphatidylethanolamine degradation
+ phosphatidylethanolamine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phosphatidylethanolamine, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which a phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of ethanolamine.
+ phosphatidylethanolamine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diacylglycerol metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ diacylglycerol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving diacylglycerol, a glycerol molecule substituted on the 1 and 2 hydroxyl groups with long chain fatty acyl residues. DAG is a normal intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl phospholipids and is released from them by phospholipase C activity. DAG from phosphatidyl inositol polyphosphates is important in signal transduction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diacylglycerol catabolic process
+
+
+ diacylglycerol breakdown
+ diacylglycerol catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of diacylglycerol, a glycerol molecule substituted on the 1 and 2 hydroxyl groups with long chain fatty acyl residues.
+ gosubset_prok
+ diacylglycerol degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CDP-diacylglycerol metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate. It is a common intermediate in phospholipid biosynthesis.
+ CDP-diacylglycerol metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CDP-diacylglycerol catabolic process
+
+
+ CDP-diacylglycerol catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP-diacylglycerol, CDP-1,2-diacylglycerol, a substance composed of diacylglycerol in glycosidic linkage with cytidine diphosphate.
+ CDP-diacylglycerol breakdown
+ CDP-diacylglycerol degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ streptomycin metabolic process
+
+ streptomycin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving streptomycin, a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media. It acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysteroid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ ecdysteroid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ecdysteroids, a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids which initiate post-embryonic development.
+ ecdysteroid catabolism
+ biological_process
+ ecdysteroid degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abscisic acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ abscisic acid degradation
+ abscisic acid catabolism
+ biological_process
+ abscisic acid breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of abscisic acid, 5-(1-hydroxy-2,6,6,trimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-y1)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannosamine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.
+ mannosamine breakdown
+ mannosamine catabolism
+ biological_process
+ mannosamine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannosamine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ mannosamine anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ mannosamine biosynthesis
+ mannosamine synthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosomine, 2-amino-2-deoxymannose; the D-isomer is a constituent of neuraminic acids as well as mucolipids and mucoproteins.
+ mannosamine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino sugar catabolic process
+
+
+ amino sugar breakdown
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
+ aminosaccharide catabolism
+ amino sugar catabolism
+ aminosaccharide catabolic process
+ amino sugar degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino sugar biosynthetic process
+
+
+ amino sugar formation
+ amino sugar synthesis
+ aminosaccharide biosynthesis
+ amino sugar anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any amino sugar, sugars containing an amino group in place of a hydroxyl group.
+ aminosaccharide biosynthetic process
+ amino sugar biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactosaminoglycan metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactosaminoglycans, any one of a group of polysaccharides that contain amino sugars derived from the galactose.
+ biological_process
+ galactosaminoglycan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of disaccharides, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
+ disaccharide anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ disaccharide synthesis
+ disaccharide formation
+ disaccharide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disaccharide catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of disaccharides, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
+ disaccharide degradation
+ disaccharide catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ disaccharide breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ mannan biosynthesis
+ mannan anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannan, the main hemicellulose of soft (coniferous) wood, made up of D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose.
+ mannan formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ mannan synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannan catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of mannan, the main hemicellulose of soft (coniferous) wood, made up of D-mannose, D-glucose and D-galactose.
+ biological_process
+ mannan degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ mannan catabolism
+ mannan breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetyl-CoA catabolic process
+
+
+ acetyl-CoA breakdown
+ acetyl-CoA catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is acetylated.
+ acetyl-CoA degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactarate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ galactarate anabolism
+ galactarate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ galactarate biosynthesis
+ galactarate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ butyrate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ butyrate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid.
+ butyrate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ butyrate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ butyrate formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ butyrate catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ butyrate catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of butyrate, the anion of butyric acid.
+ butyrate degradation
+ butyrate breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-oxobutyrate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ 2-oxobutyrate anabolism
+ 2-oxobutyrate formation
+ alpha-ketobutyrate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.
+ 2-oxobutyrate biosynthesis
+ 2-oxobutyrate synthesis
+ alpha-ketobutyrate biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-oxobutyrate metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-oxobutyrate, the anion of the organic acid 2-oxobutyric acid, which contains a ketone group on carbon 2.
+ biological_process
+ alpha-ketobutyrate metabolic process
+ 2-oxobutyrate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ alpha-ketobutyrate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribitol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ribitol synthesis
+ ribitol anabolism
+ ribitol formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.
+ biological_process
+ ribitol biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribitol catabolic process
+
+
+
+ ribitol breakdown
+ ribitol degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ribitol, a pentitol derived formally by reduction of the -CHO group of either D- or L-ribose.
+ ribitol catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monosaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ monosaccharide formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.
+ biological_process
+ monosaccharide synthesis
+ monosaccharide anabolism
+ monosaccharide biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monosaccharide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ monosaccharide degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of monosaccharides, polyhydric alcohols containing either an aldehyde or a keto group and between three to ten or more carbon atoms.
+ monosaccharide breakdown
+ monosaccharide catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ allose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ allose synthesis
+ allose anabolism
+ biological_process
+ allose biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
+ allose formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ allose catabolic process
+
+
+ allose catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of allose, allo-hexose, an aldohexose similar to glucose, differing only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group of C-3.
+ allose degradation
+ allose breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-L-fucose metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-L-fucose, a substance composed of L-fucose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+ GDP-L-fucose metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ galactose formation
+ galactose synthesis
+ galactose anabolism
+ galactose biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactose, the aldohexose galacto-hexose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fructose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fructose, the ketohexose arabino-2-hexulose.
+ fructose synthesis
+ fructose formation
+ fructose anabolism
+ fructose biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTDP-mannose metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ dTDP-mannose metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-mannose, a substance composed of mannose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-arabinose metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. D-arabinose occurs in plant glycosides and is a constituent of arabinonucleosides.
+ D-arabinose metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-arabinose metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabinose, the D-enantiomer of arabino-pentose. L-arabinose occurs free, e.g. in the heartwood of many conifers, and in the combined state, in both furanose and pyranose forms, as a constituent of various plant hemicelluloses, bacterial polysaccharides etc.
+ L-arabinose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ teichoic acid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichoic acid, any polymer occurring in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria and containing chains of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate residues.
+ gosubset_prok
+ teichoic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ K antigen metabolic process
+
+ K antigen metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide antigen carried on the surface of bacterial capsules that masks somatic (O) antigens.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol, a substance composed of mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ GDP-alpha-D-mannosylchitobiosyldiphosphodolichol metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colanic acid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving colanic acid, a capsular bacterial polysaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid residues.
+ colanic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enterobacterial common antigen metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving enterobacterial common antigen, an acidic polysaccharide containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosaminouronic acid, and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose. A major component of the cell wall outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ enterobacterial common antigen metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular polysaccharide metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ extracellular polysaccharide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving polysaccharides used in extracellular structures.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acetylneuraminate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ N-acetylneuraminate formation
+ N-acetylneuraminate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ N-acetylneuraminate biosynthesis
+ N-acetylneuraminate anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of N-acetylneuraminate, the anion of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CMP-N-acetylneuraminate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ CMP-N-acetylneuraminate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving CMP-N-acetylneuraminate, a substance composed of 5-(acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-3-ulosonic acid in glycosidic linkage with cytidine monophosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP-D-rhamnose metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP-D-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with guanosine diphosphate.
+ GDP-D-rhamnose metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dTDP-rhamnose metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ dTDP-rhamnose metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dTDP-rhamnose, a substance composed of rhamnose in glycosidic linkage with deoxyribosylthymine diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
+ gosubset_prok
+ 2-deoxyribose 1-phosphate metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribose phosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ deoxyribose phosphate formation
+ deoxyribose phosphate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ deoxyribose phosphate biosynthesis
+ deoxyribose phosphate anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribose phosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of deoxyribose phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 2-deoxy-erythro-pentose.
+ deoxyribose phosphate degradation
+ deoxyribose phosphate catabolism
+ deoxyribose phosphate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate metabolic process
+
+ deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1,5-bisphosphate, the diphosphorylated sugar 1,5-diphospho-2-deoxyribose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribose 1-phosphate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 1-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 1-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
+ biological_process
+ deoxyribose 1-phosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deoxyribose 5-phosphate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving deoxyribose 5-phosphate, the phosphorylated sugar 5-phospho-2-deoxyribose.
+ deoxyribose 5-phosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribose phosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ribose phosphate, any phosphorylated ribose sugar.
+ ribose phosphate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ ribose phosphate formation
+ ribose phosphate anabolism
+ ribose phosphate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolic process
+
+ MetaCyc:PRPP-PWY
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate, also known as 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.
+ 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ PRPP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactarate catabolic process
+
+
+ galactarate degradation
+ galactarate breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.
+ galactarate catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-galactarate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ D-galactarate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galactarate, the D-enantiomer of galactarate, the anion of galactaric acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carboxylic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ carboxylic acid anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ carboxylic acid formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
+ carboxylic acid synthesis
+ carboxylic acid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carboxylic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ carboxylic acid degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (-COOH) groups.
+ carboxylic acid breakdown
+ carboxylic acid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-galacturonate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-galacturonate, the D-enantiomer of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid. D-galacturonic acid is a component of plant gums and bacterial cell walls.
+ biological_process
+ D-galacturonate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galacturonate catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ galacturonate degradation
+ GO:0019587
+ galacturonate breakdown
+ galacturonate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galacturonate, the anion of galacturonic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-glucuronate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ UDP-glucuronate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving UDP-glucuronate, a substance composed of glucuronic acid in glycosidic linkage with uridine diphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucuronate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ glucuronate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucuronate, the anion of glucuronic acid.
+ glucuronate anabolism
+ glucuronate biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ glucuronate synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ketodeoxyoctanoate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketodeoxyoctanoate, 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-octaonate, an acid present in lipopolysaccharides of the outer membranes of some Gram-negative bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ ketodeoxyoctanoate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipopolysaccharide core region metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which contains ten saccharide residues. The structure of this core oligosaccharide appears to be similar in closely related bacterial strains.
+ LPS core region metabolic process
+ lipopolysaccharide core region metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ O antigen metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the O side chain of a lipopolysaccharide, which determines the antigenic specificity of the organism. It is made up of about 50 repeating units of a branched tetrasaccharide.
+ O antigen metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenylmercury acetate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ phenylmercury acetate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phenylmercury acetate, an organomercurial compound composed of a mercury atom attached to a benzene ring and an acetate group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organomercury catabolic process
+
+
+ organomercury catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ organomercury breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organomercury compounds, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
+ organomercury degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organomercury biosynthetic process
+
+
+ organomercury formation
+ biological_process
+ organomercury biosynthesis
+ organomercury synthesis
+ organomercury anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of organomercury compounds, any organic compound containing a mercury atom.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urate metabolic process
+
+
+
+ urate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving urate, the anion of uric acid, 2,6,8-trioxypurine, the end product of purine metabolism in certain mammals and the main excretory product in uricotelic animals.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-amino acid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.
+ biological_process
+ D-amino acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chorismate metabolic process
+
+ chorismate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving chorismate, the anion of (3R-trans)-3-((1-carboxyethenyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-1,5-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nopaline metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ nopaline metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nopaline, (N-(I-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)glutamic acid), a rare amino-acid derivative.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octopine metabolic process
+
+ octopine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving octopine, (N-(1-carboxy-4-guanidinobutyl)-L-alanine), an amino acid derived opine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
+ downregulation of JAK-STAT cascade
+ down-regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
+ inhibition of JAK-STAT cascade
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
+ stimulation of JAK-STAT cascade
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity.
+ activation of JAK-STAT cascade
+ up-regulation of JAK-STAT cascade
+ upregulation of JAK-STAT cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-phosphorylated glucose metabolic process
+
+ non-phosphorylated glucose metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving non-phosphorylated forms of glucose.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ (R)-4-hydroxymandelate metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving (R)-4-hydroxymandelate, the anion of a hydroxylated derivative of mandelate (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetate).
+ biological_process
+ (R)-4-hydroxymandelate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA, a derivative of coenzyme A.
+ 2'-(5''-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-aminoethylphosphonate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ciliatine metabolic process
+ 2-aminoethylphosphonate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2-aminoethylphosphonate, most abundant and ubiquitous of naturally occurring phosphonates. It is typically found as a conjugate of glycans, lipids, and proteins, which in turn perform essential biochemical functions in specialized lower organisms.
+ 2-phosphonoethylamine metabolism
+ ciliatine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ 2-phosphonoethylamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organophosphate catabolic process
+
+
+ organophosphate breakdown
+ organophosphate catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organophosphates, any phosphate-containing organic compound.
+ gosubset_prok
+ organophosphate degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate, a hydroxylated derivative of phenylpropionate.
+ 3-(3-hydroxy)phenylpropionate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-alanine metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-alanine, the D-enantiomer of the amino acid alanine, i.e. (2R)-2-aminopropanoic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-alanine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-amino acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ D-amino acid anabolism
+ D-amino acid synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-amino acids, the D-enantiomers of amino acids.
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-amino acid biosynthesis
+ D-amino acid formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-cysteine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-cysteine, (S)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, which occurs naturally in firefly luciferin.
+ D-cysteine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-cysteine metabolic process
+
+ L-cysteine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-cysteine, the L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-lysine metabolic process
+
+ L-lysine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-lysine, the L-enantiomer of (S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, i.e. (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-lysine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-lysine, the D-enantiomer of lysine; i.e. (2R)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
+ D-lysine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobactin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aerobactin (C22H36N4O13), a hydroxamate iron transport compound. It is a conjugate of 6-(N-acetyl-N-hydroxylamine)-2-aminohexanoic acid and citric acid.
+ aerobactin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FAD metabolic process
+
+
+ flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
+ gosubset_prok
+ flavin adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ flavin-adenine dinucleotide metabolic process
+ FAD metabolism
+ flavin-adenine dinucleotide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ FMN metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving FMN, riboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate), a coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH dehydrogenase.
+ FMN metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid metabolic process
+
+
+ benzyl isoquinoline alkaloid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids, compounds with bicyclic N-containing aromatic rings.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purine alkaloid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving purine alkaloids, compounds derived from purine and composed of an N-containing double ring structure.
+ purine alkaloid metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving terpenoid indole alkaloids, compounds formed from the condensation of tryptamine (derived from tryptophan) and secologanin (derived from geranyl pyrophosphate).
+ terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tropane alkaloid metabolic process
+
+ tropane alkaloid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tropane alkaloids, compounds containing the 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane ring system.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ creatinine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ creatinine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving creatinine, 2-amino-1,5-dihydro-1-methyl-4H-imidazol-4-one, an end product of creatine metabolism and a normal constituent of urine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dethiobiotin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dethiobiotin, a derivative of biotin formed by replacing the sulfur atom by two hydrogen atoms.
+ biological_process
+ dethiobiotin metabolism
+ desthiobiotin metabolic process
+ desthiobiotin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diaminopimelate metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving diaminopimelate, the anion of the dicarboxylic acid 2,6-diaminoheptanedioic acid. It is an intermediate in lysine biosynthesis and as a component (as meso-diaminopimelate) of the peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls.
+ diaminopimelate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dihydrofolate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ dihydrofolate reduction
+ dihydrofolate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrofolate, the dihydroxylated derivative of folate.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dipyrrin metabolic process
+
+ dipyrrin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dipyrrins (pyrromethanes), compounds containing two pyrrole rings linked through a methine, -CH=, group.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dimethylsilanediol metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylsilanediol, the smallest member of the dialkylsilanediols. Dimethylsilanediol is the monomer of polydimethylsiloxane, a compound which can be found in a wide range of industrial and consumer products.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ dimethylsilanediol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organosilicon catabolic process
+
+
+ organosilicone catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of organosilicons, any organic compound that contains silicon.
+ organosilicon catabolism
+ organosilicon breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ organosilicon degradation
+ biological_process
+ organosilicone catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ icosanoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ icosanoid biosynthesis
+ icosanoid formation
+ eicosanoid biosynthesis
+ eicosanoid biosynthetic process
+ icosanoid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Eicosanoid
+ icosanoid anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostanoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostanoids, any compound based on or derived from the prostanoate structure.
+ prostanoid synthesis
+ prostanoid anabolism
+ Wikipedia:Prostanoid
+ gosubset_prok
+ prostanoid biosynthesis
+ prostanoid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexadecanal metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hexadecanal, the C16 straight chain aldehyde.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ hexadecanal metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ short-chain fatty acid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ short-chain fatty acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids with a chain length of less than 8 carbons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutral lipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ neutral lipid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.
+ neutral lipid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ neutral lipid biosynthesis
+ neutral lipid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutral lipid catabolic process
+
+
+ neutral lipid degradation
+ neutral lipid catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ neutral lipid breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of neutral lipids, lipids only soluble in solvents of very low polarity.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoacylglycerol metabolic process
+
+ monoglyceride metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ monoacylglycerol metabolism
+ monoglyceride metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving monoacylglycerol, any ester of glycerol in which any one of its hydroxyl groups has been acylated with a fatty acid, the other being non-esterified.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acylglycerol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ acylglycerol anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
+ acylglycerol formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ acylglycerol synthesis
+ acylglycerol biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acylglycerol catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ acylglycerol catabolism
+ biological_process
+ acylglycerol degradation
+ acylglycerol breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of acylglycerol, any mono-, di- or triester of glycerol with (one or more) fatty acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dolichyl diphosphate metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ dolichyl diphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dolichyl diphosphate, a diphosphorylated dolichol derivative. In eukaryotes, these function as carriers of mono- and oligosaccharide residues in the glycosylation of lipids and proteins within intracellular membranes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane lipid catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ membrane lipid breakdown
+ biological_process
+ membrane lipid catabolism
+ membrane lipid degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane lipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of membrane lipids, any lipid found in or associated with a biological membrane.
+ membrane lipid synthesis
+ membrane lipid biosynthesis
+ membrane lipid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ membrane lipid formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), a derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a methylated amine group. Present in trace levels in plants and slightly higher in bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ PMME metabolism
+ PMME metabolic process
+ phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet activating factor metabolic process
+
+ PAF metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving platelet activating factor, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine, where alkyl = hexadecyl or octadecyl. Platelet activating factor is an inflammatory mediator released from a variety of cells in response to various stimuli.
+ platelet activating factor metabolism
+ PAF metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylcholine metabolic process
+
+ phosphatidylcholine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylcholines, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of choline. They are important constituents of cell membranes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ phosphatidylglycerol metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylglycerols, any of a class of phospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of glycerol. They are important constituents of cell membranes.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidic acid metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphatidic acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidic acid, any derivative of glycerol phosphate in which both the remaining hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety are esterified with fatty acids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ glycerophospholipid synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycerophospholipid anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
+ glycerophospholipid biosynthesis
+ glycerophospholipid formation
+ phosphoglyceride biosynthesis
+ phosphoglyceride biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerophospholipid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerophospholipids, any derivative of glycerophosphate that contains at least one O-acyl, O-alkyl, or O-alkenyl group attached to the glycerol residue.
+ phosphoglyceride catabolism
+ glycerophospholipid breakdown
+ glycerophospholipid degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycerophospholipid catabolism
+ phosphoglyceride catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosylceramide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ glycosylceramide formation
+ glycosylceramide biosynthesis
+ glycosylceramide anabolism
+ glycosylceramide synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosylceramide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ glycosylceramide breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ glycosylceramide degradation
+ glycosylceramide catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosylceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic hydroxyl group of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide (or derivative) by a ceramide group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactosylceramide metabolic process
+
+ lactosylceramide metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lactosylceramides, Gal beta(1,4)Glc beta(1,1') ceramides, any compound formed by the replacement of the glycosidic C1 hydroxyl group of lactose by a ceramide group. They are the precursors of both gangliosides and globosides.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosphingolipid catabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycosphingolipid, a compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
+ glycosphingolipid degradation
+ glycosphingolipid catabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycosphingolipid breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ para-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin Bx metabolism
+ PABA metabolism
+ p-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ 4-aminobenzoic acid metabolism
+ PABA metabolic process
+ para-aminobenzoic acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in the synthesis of folic acid, a compound which some organisms, e.g. prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, and plants, can synthesize de novo. Others, notably mammals, cannot. In yeast, it is present as a factor in the B complex of vitamins.
+ vitamin Bx metabolic process
+ 4-aminobenzoic acid metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ p-aminobenzoic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterocycle metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
+ heterocycle metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_yeast
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxazole or thiazole metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ oxazole or thiazole metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving oxazole or thiazole, five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen and a sulfur, respectively, in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ether lipid metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ether lipid metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ plasmalogen metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ether lipids, lipids that contain (normally) one lipid alcohol in ether linkage to one of the carbon atoms (normally C-1) of glycerol.
+ Wikipedia:Ether_lipid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerolipid metabolic process
+
+ glycerolipid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone. Diacylglycerol and phosphatidate are key lipid intermediates of glycerolipid biosynthesis.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyoxylate metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ glyoxylate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glyoxylate, the anion of glyoxylic acid, HOC-COOH.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphatidylinositol metabolic process
+
+ PtdIns metabolic process
+ PtdIns metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid with its sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
+ phosphatidylinositol metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoinositide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ phosphoinositide anabolism
+ phosphoinositide biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphoinositides, any of a class of glycerophospholipids in which the phosphatidyl group is esterified to the hydroxyl group of inositol.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ phosphoinositide formation
+ phosphoinositide synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopentenyl diphosphate metabolic process
+
+ IPP metabolic process
+ isopentenyl diphosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ isopentenyl pyrophosphate metabolic process
+ goslim_pir
+ isopentenyl pyrophosphate metabolism
+ IPP metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving isopentenyl diphosphate, an isomer of dimethylallyl diphosphate and the key precursor of all isoprenoids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-methylmalonyl-CoA metabolic process
+
+ L-methylmalonyl-CoA metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-methylmalonyl-CoA, the L-enantiomer of 2-carboxypropanoyl-CoA. S-methylmalonyl-CoA is an intermediate in the beta oxidation of odd-numbered fatty acids in animals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme b metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme b, a Fe(II) porphyrin complex readily isolated from the hemoglobin of beef blood, but also found in other proteins including other hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes P-450, catalases, peroxidases as well as b type cytochromes.
+ haem b metabolic process
+ heme b metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ haem b metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid A metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipid A, the glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, consisting of six fatty acyl chains linked to two glucosamine residues.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ lipid A metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhizobactin 1021 metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving rhizobactin 1021, (E)-4-((3-(acetylhydroxyamino)propyl)-amino)-2-hydroxy-(2-(2-(3-(hydroxy(1-oxo-2-decenyl)amino)propyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid, a siderophore produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ rhizobactin 1021 metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinamide riboside metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ nicotinamide riboside metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide riboside, the product of the formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and nicotinamide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinamide nucleotide metabolic process
+
+ nicotinamide nucleotide metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinamide.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nicotinate nucleotide metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ nicotinate nucleotide metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide nucleotides, any nucleotide that contains combined nicotinate (pyridine 3-carboxylic acid, or niacin).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolic process
+
+ S-adenosylhomocysteine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylhomocysteine; the L-enantiomer is formed from S-adenosylmethionine and is a strong inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine-mediated methylation reactions. It can be cleaved to form adenosine and homocysteine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-adenosylmethioninamine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ S-adenosylmethioninamine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethioninamine, (5-deoxy-5-adenosyl)(3-aminopropyl) methylsulfonium salt.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ SAM metabolic process
+ S-adenosylmethionine metabolism
+ S-adenosyl methionine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
+ S-adenosyl methionine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protoporphyrinogen IX metabolic process
+
+ See also the molecular function term 'ferrochelatase activity ; GO:0004325'.
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving protoporphyrinogen IX, the specific substrate for the enzyme ferrochelatase, which catalyzes the insertion of iron to form protoheme. It is probably also the substrate for chlorophyll formation.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ protoporphyrinogen IX metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uroporphyrinogen III metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving uroporphyrinogen III, a precursor for synthesis of vitamin B12, chlorophyll, and heme in organisms that produce these compounds.
+ uroporphyrinogen III metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerolipid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycerolipids, any lipid with a glycerol backbone.
+ glycerolipid catabolism
+ glycerolipid degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycerolipid breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycerol ether biosynthetic process
+
+
+ glycerol ether synthesis
+ glycerol ether biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycerol ethers, any anhydride formed between two organic hydroxy compounds, one of which is glycerol.
+ gosubset_prok
+ glycerol ether formation
+ biological_process
+ glycerol ether anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfolipid metabolic process
+
+
+ sulpholipid metabolic process
+ sulpholipid metabolism
+ sulfolipid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfolipids, any compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfolipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ sulfolipid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sulfolipid, a compound containing a sulfonic acid residue joined by a carbon-sulfur bond to a lipid.
+ biological_process
+ sulpholipid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ sulfolipid formation
+ sulfolipid anabolism
+ sulpholipid biosynthetic process
+ AraCyc:PWYQT-4427
+ sulfolipid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphinganine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ sphinganine biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ sphinganine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ sphinganine synthesis
+ dihydrosphingosine biosynthetic process
+ dihydrosphingosine biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphinganine, D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
+ sphinganine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ sphingosine biosynthesis
+ sphingosine synthesis
+ sphingosine anabolism
+ sphingosine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ceramide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ ceramide synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ceramides, any N-acylated sphingoid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ ceramide anabolism
+ ceramide formation
+ ceramide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ceramide catabolic process
+
+
+ ceramide breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ ceramide degradation
+ biological_process
+ ceramide catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ceramides, any N-acetylated sphingoid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypusine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hypusine, N6-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)-L-lysine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ hypusine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane catabolic process
+
+
+ octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane breakdown
+ biological_process
+ octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane degradation
+ octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, a cyclic silicone-oxygen ring compound with two methyl groups attached to each silicone atom.
+ octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingoid metabolic process
+
+ sphingoid base metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ sphingoid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.
+ sphingoid base metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ sphingoid anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.
+ sphingoid formation
+ sphingoid biosynthesis
+ sphingoid synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingoid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ sphingoid breakdown
+ sphingoid catabolism
+ sphingoid degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingoids, any of a class of compounds comprising sphinganine and its homologues and stereoisomers, and derivatives of these compounds.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process following disc eversion whereby imaginal discs fuse with adjacent disc derivatives to form a continuous adult epidermis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc fusion, thorax closure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The joining of the parts of the wing imaginal discs, giving rise to the adult thorax.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor cell differentiation
+
+ GO:0007467
+ photoreceptor cell differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ The specialization of organization of a photoreceptor, a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation, particularly visible light.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of photoreceptor differentiation
+ GO:0045673
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation.
+ GO:0045674
+ down-regulation of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ downregulation of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ negative regulation of photoreceptor differentiation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ downregulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+ down regulation of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ inhibition of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ down regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ GO:0045675
+ up regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+ activation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+ stimulation of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ activation of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of photoreceptor differentiation
+ stimulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+ upregulation of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ up-regulation of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ upregulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation
+ up regulation of photoreceptor differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of umami taste
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events required for a bitter taste stimulus to be received and converted to a molecular signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.
+ sensory transduction of umami taste
+ perception of umami taste, detection of chemical stimulus
+ sensory detection of umami taste
+ perception of umami taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ umami taste detection
+ biological_process
+ sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of umami taste
+ sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of umami taste
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dosage compensation complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ A protein or protein-RNA complex that localizes to one or more of the sex chromosome(s), where it acts to normalize transcription between different sexes.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex
+
+ A complex composed of three small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, snRNP U4, snRNP U6 and snRNP U5.
+ cellular_component
+ U4/U6 . U5 snRNP complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ saliva secretion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Salivation
+ The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.
+ salivation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ development of secondary female sexual characteristics
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In female humans, these include growth of axillary and pubic hair, breast development and menstrual periods. Their development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ development of secondary male sexual characteristics
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In male humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, and testicular/penile enlargement. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ development of primary female sexual characteristics
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary female sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structure. The primary female sexual characteristics are the ovaries, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ development of primary male sexual characteristics
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary male sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. The primary male sexual characteristics are the testes, and they develop in response to sex hormone secretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal rod cell development
+
+ biological_process
+ Development of a rod cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Rod cells contain the photopigment rhodopsin or porphyropsin and are responsible for vision in dim light.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal cone cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ (3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine biosynthetic process from asparagine
+
+
+ (3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine formation from asparagine
+ RESID:AA0328
+ gosubset_prok
+ The modification of asparagine to (3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine as found in microcin C7 produced from the mccA gene in E. coli plasmid pMccC7.
+ (3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine synthesis from asparagine
+ biological_process
+ (3-aminopropyl)(L-aspartyl-1-amino)phosphoryl-5'-adenosine anabolism from asparagine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal cone cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell. A retinal cone cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell. A photoreceptor cell is a cell that responds to incident electromagnetic radiation. Different classes of photoreceptor have different spectral sensitivities and express different photosensitive pigments.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
+ upregulation of Ras protein signal transduction
+ up-regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
+ up regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
+ stimulation of Ras protein signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ activation of Ras protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of Ras protein signal transduction
+ inhibition of Ras protein signal transduction
+ down regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction.
+ down-regulation of Ras protein signal transduction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intercellular canaliculus
+
+ An extremely narrow tubular channel located between adjacent cells. An instance of this is the secretory canaliculi occurring between adjacent parietal cells in the gastric mucosa of vertebrates.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enniatin metabolic process
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores.
+ enniatin metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enniatin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ enniatin biosynthesis
+ enniatin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of enniatins, any of various cyclodepsipeptide antibiotics from Fusarium species that function as ionophores.
+ enniatin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ enniatin synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+ upregulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+ up-regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+ up regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.
+ activation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion.
+ down regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+ downregulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+ down-regulation of calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic leg morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the leg are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A leg is a limb on which an animal walks and stands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic leg joint morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the leg joint are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A leg joint is a flexible region that separates the rigid sections of a leg to allow movement in a controlled manner.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of pole plasm mRNA location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048122
+ maintenance of pole plasm mRNA localization (sensu Insecta)
+ maintenance of pole plasm mRNA localization
+ The process of maintaining mRNA in a specific location in the oocyte pole plasm.
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of oocyte pole plasm mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of pole plasm mRNA localization (sensu Insecta)
+ Any process by which mRNA is recruited to the oocyte pole plasm.
+ biological_process
+ establishment of oocyte pole plasm mRNA localization
+ GO:0048121
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of virion penetration into host cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of virus particles into the cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of virion penetration into host cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of virion penetration into host
+ down regulation of virion penetration into host
+ inhibition of virion penetration into host
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of virus particles into the cell.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of virion penetration into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of virion penetration into host cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of virion penetration into host
+ up-regulation of virion penetration into host
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the introduction of virus particles into the cell.
+ activation of virion penetration into host
+ upregulation of virion penetration into host
+ stimulation of virion penetration into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of centriole replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of centriole replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of centriole replication
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of centriole replication
+ inhibition of centriole replication
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication.
+ down regulation of centriole replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of centriole replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication.
+ up regulation of centriole replication
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of centriole replication
+ up-regulation of centriole replication
+ stimulation of centriole replication
+ activation of centriole replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of mitotic centrosome separation
+ downregulation of mitotic centrosome separation
+ down-regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
+ down regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of mitotic centrosome separation
+ activation of mitotic centrosome separation
+ stimulation of mitotic centrosome separation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.
+ up-regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of centrosome cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle, the processes of centrosome duplication and separation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of centrosome cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of centrosome cycle
+ down-regulation of centrosome cycle
+ downregulation of centrosome cycle
+ down regulation of centrosome cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of centrosome cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of centrosome cycle
+ activation of centrosome cycle
+ up regulation of centrosome cycle
+ stimulation of centrosome cycle
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle.
+ upregulation of centrosome cycle
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V0 domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosomal hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V0 domain
+ cellular_component
+ The V0 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ lysosomal membrane hydrogen-transporting ATPase
+ lysosomal hydrogen-translocating V-type ATPase complex
+ A proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex found in the lysosomal membrane, where it acts as a proton pump to mediate acidification of the lysosomal lumen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosomal proton-transporting V-type ATPase, V1 domain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The V1 domain of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase found in the lysosomal membrane.
+ lysosomal hydrogen ion-transporting ATPase V1 domain
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ drug export
+
+ The directed movement of a drug, a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease, out of a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic placode formation involved in camera-type eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optic placode formation (sensu Mammalia)
+ Establishment and formation of the optic placode, paired ectodermal placodes that become invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles.
+ optic placode formation in camera-type eye
+ biological_process
+ optic placode formation involved in camera-style eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of organ growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of organ size
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of organ growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of organ size
+ down regulation of organ size
+ negative regulation of organ size
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
+ inhibition of organ size
+ downregulation of organ size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of organ growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
+ positive regulation of organ size
+ upregulation of organ size
+ up regulation of organ size
+ biological_process
+ activation of organ size
+ up-regulation of organ size
+ stimulation of organ size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of insulin receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
+ negative regulation of insulin receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+ downregulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+ down-regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+ activation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
+ stimulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+ upregulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of insulin receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T cell activation
+
+ gamma-delta T-cell activation
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a gamma-delta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
+ gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation
+ gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+
+
+ gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ The expansion of a gamma-delta T cell population by cell division.
+ gamma-delta T-cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T cell activation
+
+ The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
+ biological_process
+ alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation
+ alpha-beta T-cell activation
+ alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell.
+ alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+
+
+ alpha-beta T-cell proliferation
+ alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation
+ The expansion of an alpha-beta T cell population by cell division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of alpha-beta T-cell activation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.
+ regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation
+ regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation
+ activation of alpha-beta T cell activation
+ stimulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T-cell activation
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation
+ upregulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
+ up-regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte activation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T-cell activation
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte activation
+ down regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell activation.
+ downregulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
+ inhibition of alpha-beta T cell activation
+ down-regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
+ regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ up regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ upregulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T-cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell differentiation.
+ downregulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+ down regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of alpha-beta T-cell proliferation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
+ regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T-cell proliferation
+ up regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+ upregulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+ activation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+ stimulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of alpha-beta T cell proliferation.
+ inhibition of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T lymphocyte proliferation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of alpha-beta T-cell proliferation
+ down regulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+ downregulation of alpha-beta T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation
+ regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation
+ regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.
+ down regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation
+ inhibition of gamma-delta T cell activation
+ down-regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
+ upregulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte activation
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T-cell activation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell activation.
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte activation
+ biological_process
+ activation of gamma-delta T cell activation
+ stimulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
+ up regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation
+ regulation of gamma-delta T-cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+ down-regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T-cell proliferation
+ downregulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ negative regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation
+ inhibition of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+ up-regulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+ activation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+ stimulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T-cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of gamma-delta T cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ positive regulation of gamma-delta T lymphocyte proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gamma-delta T cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte activation
+
+ A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte proliferation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The expansion of a lymphocyte population by cell division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrahydrofolate metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin moiety.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ tetrahydrofolate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ tetrahydrofolate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ tetrahydrofolate formation
+ tetrahydrofolate synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolate, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid, a folate derivative bearing additional hydrogens on the pterin moiety.
+ tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis
+ MetaCyc:FOLSYN-PWY
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ folic acid metabolic process
+
+
+
+ vitamin B9 metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ vitamin M metabolic process
+ vitamin B9 metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid. Folic acid is widely distributed as a member of the vitamin B complex and is essential for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidines.
+ vitamin M metabolism
+ folate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ folate metabolic process
+ folic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ folic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+ folic acid synthesis
+ MetaCyc:FOLSYN-PWY
+ folate biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Folic_acid
+ folic acid formation
+ folic acid biosynthesis
+ folic acid anabolism
+ vitamin B9 biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin B9 biosynthesis
+ vitamin M biosynthetic process
+ folate biosynthesis
+ vitamin M biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ folic acid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin B9 catabolic process
+ folic acid breakdown
+ folic acid degradation
+ folate catabolism
+ folic acid catabolism
+ biological_process
+ vitamin M catabolic process
+ folate catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of folic acid, pteroylglutamic acid.
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin M catabolism
+ vitamin B9 catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anchored to plasma membrane
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Tethered to the plasma membrane by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid moiety, that is embedded in the membrane. When used to describe a protein, indicates that the peptide sequence does not span the membrane.
+ plasma membrane, GPI-anchored
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female sex differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The establishment of the sex of a female organism by physical differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male sex differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The establishment of the sex of a male organism by physical differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oviposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal closure, leading edge cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a leading edge cell, the dorsal-most cells of the epidermis that migrates during dorsal closure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal closure, amnioserosa morphology change
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The changes that occur during dorsal closure of the shape and structure of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies the dorsal side of the embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amnioserosa maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Maintenance of the amnioserosa, an epithelium that occupies a hole in the embryonic dorsal epidermis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal cell programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retina programmed cell death
+ programmed cell death, retina cells
+ retina cell programmed cell death
+ biological_process
+ programmed cell death, retinal cells
+ retinal programmed cell death
+ Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ Programmed cell death that occurs in the retina to remove excess cells between ommatidia, thus resulting in a hexagonal lattice, precise with respect to cell number and position surrounding each ommatidium.
+ retina cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of retinal programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.
+ regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of retinal programmed cell death
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.
+ activation of retinal programmed cell death
+ positive regulation of retinal programmed cell death
+ up regulation of retinal programmed cell death
+ up-regulation of retinal programmed cell death
+ upregulation of retinal programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.
+ down regulation of retinal programmed cell death
+ inhibition of retinal programmed cell death
+ down-regulation of retinal programmed cell death
+ negative regulation of retinal programmed cell death
+ downregulation of retinal programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ activation of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.
+ up-regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ up regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ positive regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ stimulation of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ downregulation of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ negative regulation of retina cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ down regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ inhibition of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the compound eye retina.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of retinal programmed cell death
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death in the retina.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death
+
+
+ A process which directly activates any of the steps required for programmed cell death in the compound eye retina.
+ biological_process
+ induction of retinal cell programmed cell death (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of insulin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of insulin secretion
+ down-regulation of insulin secretion
+ inhibition of insulin secretion
+ down regulation of insulin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to antibiotic
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ antibiotic susceptibility/resistance
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to bacteriocin
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacteriocin stimulus. A bacteriocin is a protein substance released by certain bacteria that kills but does not lyse closely related strains of bacteria. Specific bacteriocins attach to specific receptors on cell walls and induce specific metabolic block, e.g. cessation of nucleic acid or protein synthesis of oxidative phosphorylation.
+ gosubset_prok
+ bacteriocin susceptibility/resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to streptomycin
+
+ biological_process
+ streptomycin susceptibility/resistance
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a streptomycin stimulus. Streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in cell culture media which acts only on prokaryotes and blocks transition from initiation complex to chain elongating ribosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to DDT
+
+ DDT susceptibility/resistance
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ DDT resistance
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a DDT stimulus. DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide moderately toxic to humans and other animals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to carbamate
+
+ carbamate susceptibility/resistance
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a carbamate stimulus. Carbamates are a group of insecticides and parasiticides that act by inhibiting cholinesterase.
+ carbamate resistance
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cyclodiene
+
+ biological_process
+ cyclodiene susceptibility/resistance
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cyclodiene stimulus. A cyclodiene is any organic insecticide (as dieldrin or chlordane) with a chlorinated methylene group forming a bridge across a 6-membered carbon ring.
+ cyclodiene resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to organophosphorus
+
+ biological_process
+ organophosphorus susceptibility/resistance
+ organophosphorus resistance
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organophosphorus stimulus. Organophosphorus is a compound containing phosphorus bound to an organic molecule; several organophosphorus compounds are used as insecticides, and they are highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to pyrethroid
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pyrethroid stimulus. Pyrethroids are a group of growth regulators, analogous to insect juvenile hormones, that interfere with the development of insect larvae and are used in the control of insects that are harmful in the adult stage.
+ biological_process
+ pyrethroid susceptibility/resistance
+ pyrethroid resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to arsenic
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ arsenate sensitivity/resistance
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cadmium ion
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus.
+ response to cadmium
+ gosubset_prok
+ cadmium sensitivity/resistance
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to chromate
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ chromate sensitivity/resistance
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chromate stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to copper ion
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.
+ copper sensitivity/resistance
+ gosubset_prok
+ response to copper
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to mercury ion
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mercury ion stimulus.
+ response to mercuric
+ biological_process
+ response to mercury
+ mercuric sensitivity/resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to tellurium ion
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ response to tellurium
+ tellurium sensitivity/resistance
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tellurium ion stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular canaliculus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ An apical plasma membrane part that forms a narrow enfolded luminal membrane channel, lined with numerous microvilli, that appears to extend into the cytoplasm of the cell. A specialized network of intracellular canaliculi is a characteristic feature of parietal cells of the gastric mucosa in vertebrates.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm competition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that contributes to the success of sperm fertilization in multiply-mated females.
+ Wikipedia:Sperm_competition
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm storage
+
+ sperm sequestering
+ storage of sperm
+ sperm retention
+ sperm sequestration
+ The retention of sperm by a female following mating.
+ retention of sperm
+ biological_process
+ sequestering of sperm
+ sequestration of sperm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm incapacitation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the use of stored sperm from the first-mating male is inhibited by the seminal fluid of subsequently mating males.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SLIK (SAGA-like) complex
+
+ SALSA complex
+ SAGA (alt) complex
+ A SAGA-type histone acetyltransferase complex that contains Rtg2 and a smaller form of Spt7 than the fungal SAGA complex, and lacks Spt8. The complex is involved in the yeast retrograde response pathway, which is important for gene expression changes during mitochondrial dysfunction.
+ SLIK/SALSA complex
+ See also the cellular component term 'SAGA complex ; GO:0000124'.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipopolysaccharide receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ LPS receptor complex
+ Note that this term should not be used to refer to CD14 alone, but the multiprotein receptor complex that it is part of.
+ A multiprotein complex that consists of at least three proteins, CD14, TLR4, and MD-2, each of which is glycosylated.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decidualization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Decidualization
+ biological_process
+ The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta.
+ decidual cell reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterocycle catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ heterocycle degradation
+ heterocycle catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heterocyclic compounds, those with a cyclic molecular structure and at least two different atoms in the ring (or rings).
+ heterocycle breakdown
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insecticide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ insecticide degradation
+ insecticide catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ insecticide breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insecticides, chemicals used to kill insects.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CDP metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ CDP metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CDP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ CDP synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ CDP formation
+ CDP biosynthesis
+ CDP anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CDP catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ CDP breakdown
+ CDP catabolism
+ CDP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of CDP, cytidine (5'-)diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IDP metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ IDP metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IDP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ IDP synthesis
+ IDP formation
+ IDP biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ IDP anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IDP catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of IDP, inosine 5'-diphosphate.
+ biological_process
+ IDP breakdown
+ IDP degradation
+ IDP catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
+ GDP metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ GDP synthesis
+ GDP anabolism
+ GDP biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
+ GDP formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GDP catabolic process
+
+
+ GDP degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of GDP, guanosine 5'-diphosphate.
+ GDP breakdown
+ biological_process
+ GDP catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ boron transport
+
+ The directed movement of boron into, out of, within or between cells. Boron is a group 13 element, with properties which are borderline between metals and non-metals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle maintenance
+
+
+ muscle fiber maintenance
+ The cellular homeostatic process by which a muscle fiber is preserved in a stable functional or structural state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acid secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The controlled release of acid by a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry of virus into host cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:168272
+ Reactome:168286
+ viral entry into host cell
+ The process by which a virion enters a host cell, including virion attachment and penetration.
+ Reactome:168270
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of viral protein levels in host cell
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of viral protein levels
+ Any virus-mediated process that modulates the levels of viral proteins in a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ citric acid secretion
+
+ The controlled release of citric acid, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, by a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+ citrate secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formic acid secretion
+
+ The controlled release of formic acid, HCOOH, by a cell or group of cells.
+ formate secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactic acid secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The controlled release of lactic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, by a cell or group of cells.
+ lactate secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ malic acid secretion
+
+ malate secretion
+ hydroxysuccinic acid secretion
+ The controlled release of malic acid, hydroxybutanedioic (hydroxysuccinic) acid, by a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxalic acid secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The controlled release of oxalic acid, ethanedioic acid, by a cell or group of cells.
+ oxalate secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of viral protein levels in host cell
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of viral protein levels in host cell
+ down-regulation of viral protein levels in host cell
+ Any process that reduces the levels of viral proteins in a cell.
+ negative regulation of viral protein levels
+ down regulation of viral protein levels in host cell
+ inhibition of viral protein levels in host cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of viral protein levels in host cell
+
+
+ up regulation of viral protein levels in host cell
+ stimulation of viral protein levels in host cell
+ activation of viral protein levels in host cell
+ up-regulation of viral protein levels in host cell
+ Any process that increases the levels of viral proteins in a cell.
+ positive regulation of viral protein levels
+ upregulation of viral protein levels in host cell
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ capsomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Capsomere
+ cellular_component
+ capsomer
+ Any of the protein subunits that comprise the closed shell or coat (capsid) of certain viruses.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral procapsid
+
+ A stable empty viral capsid produced during the assembly of viruses.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of host immune response by virus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of host immune response by virus
+ The induction by a virus of an immune response in the host organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ passive induction of host immune response by virus
+
+ biological_process
+ The unintentional stimulation by a virus of a host defense response to viral infection, as part of the viral infectious cycle.
+ passive viral induction of host immune response
+ passive activation of host immune response by virus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active induction of host immune response by virus
+
+ active viral induction of host immune response
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:168878
+ Reactome:168865
+ The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a host defense response to viral infection.
+ Reactome:168277
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ passive induction of humoral immune response in host by virus
+
+ passive viral activation of humoral immune response in host
+ passive viral induction of humoral immune response in host
+ The unintentional stimulation by a virus of a host humoral defense response to viral infection, as part of the viral infectious cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ passive induction of cell-mediated immune response in host by virus
+
+ biological_process
+ passive viral induction of cell-mediated immune response in host
+ passive viral activation of cell-mediated immune response in host
+ The unintentional stimulation by a virus of a cell-mediated host defense response to viral infection, as part of the viral infectious cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ passive induction of innate immune response in host by virus
+
+ biological_process
+ passive viral activation of innate immune response in host
+ passive viral induction of innate immune response in host
+ The unintentional stimulation by a virus of an innate host defense response to viral infection, as part of the viral infectious cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active induction of humoral immune response in host by virus
+
+ active viral induction of humoral immune response in host
+ biological_process
+ The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a host humoral defense response to viral infection.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active induction of cell-mediated immune response in host by virus
+
+ biological_process
+ active viral induction of cell-mediated immune response in host
+ The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a cell-mediated host defense response to viral infection.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active induction of innate immune response in host by virus
+
+ The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of an innate host defense response to viral infection.
+ biological_process
+ active viral induction of innate immune response in host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spread of virus within host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ viral spread within host
+ The dissemination of infectious virion particles within an infected host organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spread of virus within host, cell to cell
+
+ The process of viral dissemination within an infected host organism where infectious virion particles are passed from infected to uninfected host cells.
+ biological_process
+ cell to cell spread of virus within host
+ viral spread within host, cell to cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spread of virus within host, tissue to tissue
+
+ viral spread within host, tissue to tissue
+ The process of viral dissemination within an infected host organism where infectious virion particles are passed from infected to uninfected host tissue.
+ tissue to tissue spread of virus within host
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral capsid transport in host cell nucleus
+
+ The directed movement of viral capsid proteins within the nucleus of the host cell.
+ nuclear viral capsid transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral capsid transport in host cell cytoplasm
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of viral capsid proteins within the cytoplasm of the host cell.
+ cytoplasmic viral capsid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral capsid envelopment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a capsid acquires a membrane envelope.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral capsid re-envelopment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a capsid acquires another membrane envelope, subsequent to acquiring an initial membrane envelope.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+
+
+ The re-envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host nuclear membrane system, thus acquiring an additional membrane envelope.
+ biological_process
+ nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
+ viral budding from nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from Golgi membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The re-envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host Golgi membrane system, thus acquiring an additional membrane envelope.
+ viral budding from Golgi membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+ Golgi membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from ER membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ER membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
+ viral budding from ER membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+ The re-envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host endoplasmic reticulum membrane system, thus acquiring an additional membrane envelope.
+ endoplasmic reticulum membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
+ The envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host nuclear membrane system, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.
+ viral budding from nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from Golgi membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+
+
+ Golgi membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
+ viral budding from Golgi membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+ The envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host Golgi membrane system, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from ER membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+
+
+ The envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host endoplasmic reticulum membrane system, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.
+ biological_process
+ ER membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
+ viral budding from ER membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+ endoplasmic reticulum membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral capsid precursor localization in host cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear localization of viral capsid precursors
+ establishment and maintenance of viral capsid precursor localization in nucleus
+ Any process by which viral capsid precursors are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the nucleus, thus accumulating the necessary components for assembly of a capsid.
+ localization of viral capsid precursors in nucleus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-lytic viral release
+
+ The release of virion particles from the cell that does not result in cell lysis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-lytic viral exocytosis
+
+ biological_process
+ The exit of the virion particle from the host cell by exocytosis, without causing cell lysis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-lytic virus budding
+
+ non-lytic viral budding
+ A form of viral release in which the viral particles bud out through cellular membranes without causing cell lysis. It is also a form of viral envelopment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lytic viral exocytosis
+
+ biological_process
+ The exit of the virion particle from the host cell by exocytosis, resulting in cell lysis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lytic virus budding from ER membrane
+
+
+ lytic endoplasmic reticulum membrane viral budding
+ lytic ER membrane viral budding
+ lytic viral budding from ER membrane
+ A form of viral release in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host endoplasmic reticulum membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus and cell lysis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lytic virus budding from Golgi membrane
+
+
+ lytic viral budding from Golgi membrane
+ biological_process
+ A form of viral release in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host Golgi membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus and cell lysis.
+ lytic Golgi membrane viral budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lytic virus budding from plasma membrane
+
+
+ lytic plasma membrane viral budding
+ A form of viral release in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host nuclear membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus and cell lysis.
+ lytic viral budding from plasma membrane
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-lytic virus budding from Golgi membrane
+
+
+ biological_process
+ non-lytic viral budding from Golgi membrane
+ A form of viral release in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host Golgi membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus without triggering cell lysis.
+ non-lytic Golgi membrane viral budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-lytic virus budding from plasma membrane
+
+
+ non-lytic viral budding from plasma membrane
+ A form of viral release in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host plasma membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus without triggering cell lysis.
+ biological_process
+ non-lytic plasma membrane viral budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-lytic virus budding from ER membrane
+
+
+ non-lytic viral budding from ER membrane
+ biological_process
+ A form of viral release in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host endoplasmic reticulum membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus without triggering cell lysis.
+ non-lytic endoplasmic reticulum membrane viral budding
+ non-lytic ER membrane viral budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from Golgi membrane
+
+ biological_process
+ Golgi membrane viral budding
+ viral budding from Golgi membrane
+ The evagination of the nucleocapsid from the host Golgi membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from ER membrane
+
+ ER membrane viral budding
+ viral budding from ER membrane
+ endoplasmic reticulum membrane viral budding
+ biological_process
+ The evagination of the nucleocapsid from the host endoplasmic reticulum membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from nuclear membrane
+
+ viral budding from nuclear membrane
+ biological_process
+ nuclear membrane viral budding
+ The evagination of the nucleocapsid from the host nuclear membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from plasma membrane
+
+ viral budding from plasma membrane
+ plasma membrane viral budding
+ The evagination of the nucleocapsid from the host plasma membrane system, resulting in envelopment of the virus.
+ Reactome:168860
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from plasma membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host plasma membrane system, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.
+ plasma membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
+ viral budding from plasma membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from plasma membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+
+
+ viral budding from plasma membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+ biological_process
+ The re-envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host plasma membrane system, thus acquiring an additional membrane envelope.
+ plasma membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from inner nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+
+ inner nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
+ viral budding from inner nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+ The re-envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host inner nuclear membrane system, thus acquiring an additional membrane envelope.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from outer nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+
+ outer nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid re-envelopment
+ viral budding from outer nuclear membrane during viral capsid re-envelopment
+ The re-envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host outer nuclear membrane system, thus acquiring an additional membrane envelope.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from inner nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+
+ inner nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
+ The envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host inner nuclear membrane system, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.
+ viral budding from inner nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virus budding from outer nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+
+ The envelopment of a virus, in which the nucleocapsid evaginates from the host outer nuclear membrane system, thus acquiring a membrane envelope.
+ biological_process
+ viral budding from outer nuclear membrane during viral capsid envelopment
+ outer nuclear membrane viral budding during viral capsid envelopment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by virus of host termination of protein biosynthetic process
+
+
+ negative regulation by virus of host cell protein biosynthetic process shutoff
+ viral inhibition of host cell protein biosynthesis shutoff
+ viral inhibition of host cell protein biosynthetic process shutoff
+ viral suppression of termination by host of host cell protein biosynthesis
+ Any viral process that inhibits the termination of host cell protein biosynthesis that occurs in response to viral infection.
+ viral inhibition of termination of host cell protein biosynthetic process
+ viral suppression of termination by host of host cell protein biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation by virus of host cell protein biosynthesis shutoff
+ viral inhibition of termination of host cell protein biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by virus of intracellular interferon activity in host
+
+ Any viral process that results in the inhibition of interferon activity within the host cell.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation by virus of intracellular interferon activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by virus of host cytokine production
+
+
+
+ Any viral process that results in the inhibition of host cell cytokine production.
+ negative regulation by virus of host cytokine production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by virus of MHC class I cell surface presentation in host
+
+ negative regulation by virus of MHC class I cell surface presentation
+ biological_process
+ major histocompatibility complex
+ Any viral process that results in the inhibition of presentation of MHC class I antigen-presenting proteins on the host cell surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid autophosphorylation
+
+ Reactome:75147
+ The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by virus of host mRNA processing
+
+ Reactome:168859
+ Reactome:168883
+ Reactome:168315
+ viral perturbation of host mRNA processing
+ Any viral process that interferes with the processing of mRNA in the host cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by virus of expression of host genes with introns
+
+ Any viral process that discriminates against and subsequently inhibits host transcripts containing introns, thus allowing only intronless viral mRNA to be fully processed.
+ negative regulation by virus of expression of host genes with introns
+ biological_process
+ viral inhibition of expression of host genes with introns
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by virus of host mRNA splicing
+
+ viral inhibition of host mRNA splicing
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation by virus of host mRNA splicing
+ Any viral process that inhibits the splicing of host mRNA, thus reducing host protein production.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dispersion by virus of host splicing factors
+
+ biological_process
+ Any viral process that disperses host splicing factors (snRNPs) to prevent host mRNA splicing, thus reducing host protein production.
+ viral dispersion of host splicing factors
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of viral transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the transcription of the viral genome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by virus of host polysomes
+
+ biological_process
+ See also the cellular component term 'polysome ; GO:0005844'.
+ Any viral process that interferes with and inhibits the assembly and function of polysomes.
+ viral perturbation of polysomes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intronless viral mRNA export from host nucleus
+
+
+ intronless viral mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ The directed movement of intronless viral mRNA from the host nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation.
+ intronless viral mRNA-nucleus export
+ biological_process
+ intronless viral mRNA export out of nucleus
+ intronless viral mRNA export from host cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule polymerization
+
+
+ The addition of tubulin heterodimers to one or both ends of a microtubule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral replication complex formation and maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of organizing and assembling viral replication proteins in preparation for viral replication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral DNA repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of restoring viral DNA after damage or errors in replication.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ egress of virus within host cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ viral egress
+ movement of virus within host cell
+ The process of moving the (often) incomplete virion to the cell surface in order to be released from the cell. Egress can involve travel through the endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasm and will often include final maturation stages of the virion, but it occurs entirely within the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by virus of host complement neutralization
+
+ negative regulation by virus of host complement neutralization
+ biological_process
+ Any viral process that results in the inhibition of complement neutralization of the host cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by virus of host cell cycle arrest
+
+ Viral interference in host cell processes that lead cell cycle arrest, allowing cell division to occur.
+ biological_process
+ viral inhibition of cell cycle arrest
+ negative regulation by virus of cell cycle arrest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by virus of modification of host RNA polymerase II
+
+ The viral induction of modification to the host RNA polymerase II.
+ biological_process
+ virus-induced modification of host RNA polymerase II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ The directed movement of a virion into, out of, or within a host cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular virion transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of a virion within a host cell from one location to another.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral genome transport in host cell
+
+
+ Reactome:168337
+ Reactome:168880
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:168333
+ Reactome:168984
+ Reactome:168317
+ Reactome:168297
+ Reactome:168310
+ Reactome:168271
+ The directed movement of the viral genome(s) within a host cell.
+ Reactome:168893
+ Reactome:168274
+ Reactome:168857
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral procapsid maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The period of virion development during which the capsid components form the immature capsid and encapsulate the viral genome; the capsid often undergoes a number of structural alterations during this period.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral portal complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A multimeric ring of proteins through which the DNA enters and exits the viral capsid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recruitment of helicase-primase complex to DNA lesions
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The recruitment of the helicase-primase complex to viral DNA lesions during viral DNA repair.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular transport of viral capsid in host cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ intracellular viral capsid transport
+ The directed movement of viral capsid proteins within the host cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ egress of viral procapsid from host cell nucleus
+
+
+ The exit of the immature viral procapsid from the nucleus of the host cell.
+ biological_process
+ nuclear egress of viral procapsid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulphoxide
+ RESID:AA0330
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The formation of a protein-protein cross-link between peptidyl-threonine and peptidyl-cysteine by the synthesis of (2S,3S,4Xi,6R)-3-methyl-lanthionine sulfoxide (3-methyl-L-lanthionine sulfoxide), as found in the antibiotic actagardine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-heme linkage via 1'-L-histidine
+
+
+ The covalent linkage of heme and a protein via 1'-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-heme-histidine, tele-heme-histidine).
+ protein-haem linkage via 1'-L-histidine
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0329
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral scaffold
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex of proteins that form a scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral scaffold assembly and maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The assembly and maintenance of the viral scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.
+ See also the cellular component term 'viral scaffold ; GO:0046806'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ assemblon
+
+ cellular_component
+ Antigenically dense structures located at the periphery of nuclei, close to but not abutting nuclear membranes. Assemblons contain the proteins for immature-capsid assembly; they are located at the periphery of a diffuse structure composed of proteins involved in DNA synthesis, which overlaps only minimally with the assemblons. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication compartment
+
+ cellular_component
+ Globular nuclear domains where the transcription and replication of the viral genome occurs. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion attachment, binding of host cell surface receptor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process during virion attachment where a virion binds to a host cell receptor, resulting in a conformational change of the virus protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion attachment, binding of host cell surface coreceptor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process during virion attachment where a virion binds to a host cell surface receptor after an initial binding event has occurred, resulting in the fusion of the virion and host cell membranes and the initiation of viral entry.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genome retention in viral capsid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which the viral genome is retained within the capsid during genome cleavage and packaging.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion transport vesicle
+
+
+ A vesicle used to transport the partial or complete virion between cellular compartments.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dense nuclear body
+
+ A location in the host cell nucleus where viral proteins colocalize late in infection prior to the onset of viral DNA synthesis. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein secretion by the type V secretion system
+
+ type V protein secretion system
+ biological_process
+ protein secretion by the type V protein secretion system
+ autotransporter system
+ The process by which proteins mediate their own secretion across the outer membrane through a beta-barrel pore structure formed by the C-terminal domain of the protein precursor. Following passage across the outer membrane, the mature protein is released from the pore by an autocatalytic activity. Proteins secreted by the Type V system are first translocated across the plasma membrane by the Sec pathway.
+ protein secretion by the autotransporter system
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extrachromosomal DNA
+
+ DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome.
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Extrachromosomal_DNA
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
+ downregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+ inhibition of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+ up regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+ up-regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+ upregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein-nucleus export
+ regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ regulation of protein export from cell nucleus
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
+ regulation of protein export out of nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of protein export from nucleus
+ negative regulation of protein export out of nucleus
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
+ negative regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ downregulation of protein export from nucleus
+ negative regulation of protein-nucleus export
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of protein export from nucleus
+ inhibition of protein export from nucleus
+ negative regulation of protein export from cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of protein export out of nucleus
+ positive regulation of protein transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ up regulation of protein export from nucleus
+ positive regulation of protein export from cell nucleus
+ activation of protein export from nucleus
+ upregulation of protein export from nucleus
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
+ positive regulation of protein-nucleus export
+ stimulation of protein export from nucleus
+ up-regulation of protein export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of RNA import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
+ regulation of RNA import into cell nucleus
+ regulation of RNA-nucleus import
+ biological_process
+ regulation of RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of RNA import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ negative regulation of RNA import into cell nucleus
+ down regulation of RNA import into nucleus
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
+ downregulation of RNA import into nucleus
+ down-regulation of RNA import into nucleus
+ inhibition of RNA import into nucleus
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of RNA-nucleus import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of RNA import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of RNA import into nucleus
+ positive regulation of RNA transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ up-regulation of RNA import into nucleus
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of RNA from the cytoplasm into the nucleus.
+ activation of RNA import into nucleus
+ positive regulation of RNA import into cell nucleus
+ positive regulation of RNA-nucleus import
+ upregulation of RNA import into nucleus
+ stimulation of RNA import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of RNA export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
+ regulation of RNA export out of nucleus
+ regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus
+ regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ regulation of RNA-nucleus export
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of RNA export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of RNA export from nucleus
+ down-regulation of RNA export from nucleus
+ downregulation of RNA export from nucleus
+ negative regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
+ negative regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ negative regulation of RNA-nucleus export
+ down regulation of RNA export from nucleus
+ negative regulation of RNA export out of nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of RNA export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of RNA export from nucleus
+ positive regulation of RNA export from cell nucleus
+ activation of RNA export from nucleus
+ up-regulation of RNA export from nucleus
+ positive regulation of RNA-nucleus export
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of RNA from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
+ stimulation of RNA export from nucleus
+ up regulation of RNA export from nucleus
+ positive regulation of RNA export out of nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid phosphorylation
+
+
+ The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbohydrate phosphorylation
+
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into a carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycolipid transport
+
+ The directed movement of glycolipids, compounds containing (usually) 1-4 linked monosaccharide residues joined by a glycosyl linkage to a lipid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphorylated carbohydrate dephosphorylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process of removing a phosphate group from a phosphorylated carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y with a phosphate moiety attached to it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipid dephosphorylation
+
+
+ The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphorylated lipid, any member of a group of substances soluble in lipid solvents but only sparingly soluble in aqueous solvents.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trisporic acid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ trisporic acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving trisporic acid, a carotenoic acid derivative used as a pheromone in some species of Zygomycota.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trisporic acid biosynthetic process
+
+ trisporic acid formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ trisporic acid anabolism
+ trisporic acid synthesis
+ trisporic acid biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of trisporic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal appendage formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Establishment of the dorsal filaments, elaborate specializations of the chorion that protrude from the anterior end of the egg and facilitate embryonic respiration.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ micropyle formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Establishment of the micropyle, a single cone-shaped specialization of the chorion that allows sperm entry into the egg prior to fertilization.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branched duct epithelial cell fate determination, open tracheal system
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branch cell fate determination (sensu Insecta)
+ branched duct epithelial cell fate determination (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ Allocation of a set number of cells to each primary branch in an open tracheal system, prior to the onset of cell migration. This establishes different domains of cells within the tracheal placode.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ filopodium assembly
+
+ filopodia formation
+ The assembly of a filopodium, a very long microspike extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or by the growth cone of a developing nerve cell axon.
+ filopodium formation
+ biological_process
+ filopodia biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bone remodeling
+
+ The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive bone formation (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. An imbalance in the regulation of bone resorption and bone formation results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.
+ Wikipedia:Bone_remodeling
+ biological_process
+ bone remodelling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of bone remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling, the processes of bone formation and resorption that combine to maintain skeletal integrity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of bone remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of bone remodeling
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.
+ down regulation of bone remodeling
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of bone remodeling
+ down-regulation of bone remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of bone remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of bone remodeling
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone remodeling.
+ activation of bone remodeling
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of bone remodeling
+ up-regulation of bone remodeling
+ up regulation of bone remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol and derivative phosphorylation
+
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group into inositol or an inositol derivative. Inositol is the cyclic alcohol 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, which is widely distributed in nature and acts as a growth factor in animals and microorganisms.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ myo-inositol and derivative phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoinositide phosphorylation
+
+
+ PIP biosynthesis
+ phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphorylation
+ biological_process
+ phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process
+ Reactome:110453
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation
+ GO:0046837
+ The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a phosphoinositide, a class of substances comprising phosphatidylinositol and its derivatives.
+ PtdInsP biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol phosphate dephosphorylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of removing a phosphate group from any mono- or polyphosphorylated inositol.
+ gosubset_prok
+ myo-inositol phosphate dephosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoinositide dephosphorylation
+
+
+ Reactome:110459
+ biological_process
+ phosphatidylinositol phosphate catabolic process
+ GO:0046840
+ The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphoinositide, a class of substances comprising phosphatidylinositol and its derivatives.
+ PIP catabolism
+ PtdInsP catabolism
+ PtdInsP dephosphorylation
+ phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation
+ phosphatidylinositol phosphate dephosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chlorosome
+
+ Wikipedia:Chlorosome
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ A large enclosure of aggregated pigment, typically bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c), that acts as a light-harvesting antenna structure and is characteristic of green photosynthetic bacteria (e.g. Chlorobiaceae). The BChl aggregates are organized into lamellar elements by pigment-pigment rather than pigment-protein interactions. Chlorosomes also contain BChl a, carotenoids, quinones, lipids, and proteins, and are attached to the cytoplasmic membrane via a BChl a-containing protein baseplate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogenosomal membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogenosome membrane
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a hydrogenosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a glycosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyoxysomal membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glyoxysome membrane
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a glyoxysome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromoplast membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chromoplast and form the chromoplast envelope.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isoprenoid transport
+
+ The directed movement of isoprenoids into, out of, within or between cells. Isoprenoids comprise a group of compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terpenoid transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of terpenoids into, out of, within or between cells. Terpenoids are a class of compounds characterized by an isoprenoid chemical structure and include derivatives with various functional groups.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetraterpenoid transport
+
+ The directed movement of tetraterpenoids into, out of, within or between cells. Tetraterpenoids are terpenoids with eight isoprene units.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carotenoid transport
+
+ The directed movement of carotenoids into, out of, within or between cells. Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid compounds in which two units of 4 isoprenoid residues joined head-to-tail are themselves joined tail-to-tail.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesosome
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Mesosome
+ An intracellular, often complex, membranous structure, sometimes with additional membranous lamellae inside, found in bacteria. They are associated with synthesis of DNA and secretion of proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulphur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulphide
+ The incorporation of iron into a 2Fe-2S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl-L-aspartato diiron disulfide.
+ RESID:AA0331
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quinolinate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ quinolinate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving quinolinate, the anion of quinolinic acid, also known as 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of saliva secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of saliva secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of saliva secretion
+ up regulation of saliva secretion
+ upregulation of saliva secretion
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of saliva secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of saliva.
+ stimulation of saliva secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hormone secretion
+
+
+
+ The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
+ up-regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+ stimulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+ biological_process
+ activation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+ up regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone.
+ inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+ downregulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+ down-regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ follicle-stimulating hormone secretion
+
+ FSH secretion
+ The regulated release of follicle-stimulating hormone, a gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary.
+ follitropin secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hormone anabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of hormone biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.
+ regulation of hormone synthesis
+ regulation of hormone formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of hormone biosynthesis
+ stimulation of hormone biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of hormone biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of hormone formation
+ upregulation of hormone biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of hormone synthesis
+ positive regulation of hormone anabolism
+ biological_process
+ activation of hormone biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hormones.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of hormone secretion
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of hormone secretion
+ stimulation of hormone secretion
+ up regulation of hormone secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell or group of cells.
+ activation of hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of hormone secretion
+ down-regulation of hormone secretion
+ inhibition of hormone secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a hormone from a cell or group of cells.
+ down regulation of hormone secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of lipid biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
+ up regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of lipid anabolism
+ positive regulation of lipid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of lipid formation
+ positive regulation of lipid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of lipid biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of lipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
+ regulation of lipid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of lipid biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of lipid formation
+ regulation of lipid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-cysteine S-carbamoylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The carbamoylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine.
+ RESID:AA0332
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine dehydration
+
+
+ The dehydration of peptidyl-S-carbamoyl-L-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-cyano-L-cysteine.
+ formation of peptidyl-serine thiocyanate ester
+ RESID:AA0333
+ biological_process
+ formation of peptidyl-S-cyanocysteine
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into hydrogenase diiron subcluster via L-cysteine ligation
+
+
+ The incorporation of iron into an L-cysteinyl diiron subcluster, found in Fe-hydrogenase.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0334
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via S-amidino-L-cysteine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0335
+ The transient amidinylation of peptidyl-cysteine to form peptidyl-S-amidino-L-cysteine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-isoleucine methylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0336
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The methylation of the N-terminal isoleucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-isoleucine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-leucine methylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The methylation of the N-terminal leucine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-leucine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0337
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-tyrosine methylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The methylation of the N-terminal tyrosine of proteins to form the derivative N-methyl-L-tyrosine.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0338
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cycloheximide
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cycloheximide stimulus. Cycloheximide (actidione) is an antibiotic produced by some Streptomyces species which interferes with protein synthesis in eukaryotes.
+ biological_process
+ response to actidione
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate metabolic process
+
+ tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues.
+ tetrahydrofolyl-[Glu](n) metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ tetrahydrofolyl-[Glu](n) metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate, a folate derivative comprising tetrahydrofolate attached to a chain of glutamate residues.
+ tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate formation
+ tetrahydrofolyl-[Glu](n) biosynthetic process
+ tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate anabolism
+ tetrahydrofolyl-[Glu](n) biosynthesis
+ tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate synthesis
+ tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transport across mitochondrial membrane
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_goa
+ goslim_pir
+ The controlled release of a substance by a cell, a group of cells, or a tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular transport
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances within a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermembrane transport
+
+ The directed movement of substances between the intracellular membranes of a cell, for example, the transfer of glycolipids from the endoplasmic reticulum to other cellular membrane structures in which they reside.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular transition metal ion homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of transition metal ions at the level of a cell. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-glycine N-palmitoylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The palmitoylation of the N-terminal glycine of proteins to form the derivative N-palmitoyl-glycine.
+ RESID:AA0339
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-phenylalanine
+
+
+
+ The posttranslational cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-phenylalanine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-L-phenylalanine.
+ RESID:AA0340
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-phenylalanine
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0341
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-phenylalanine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-phenylalanine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine
+
+
+
+ RESID:AA0342
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The post-translational cross-linking of a cysteine residue to an L-threonine residue to form 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-threonine racemization
+
+
+ The racemization of peptidyl-L-threo-threonine at the alpha-carbon to form D-allo-threonine. This is coupled with the formation of the cross-link 2-(S-L-cysteinyl)-D-allo-threonine.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
+ inhibition of neurotransmitter secretion
+ conotoxin activity
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of neurotransmitter secretion
+ down regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of a neurotransmitter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pore complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pore
+ cellular_component
+ channel-forming toxin activity
+ pore-forming toxin activity
+ Any small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pore complex biogenesis
+
+ The process by which a pore complex is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. A pore complex is a small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of liquids and/or gases.
+ See also the cellular component term 'pore complex ; GO:0046930'.
+ pore formation
+ pore-forming toxin activity
+ pore biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ channel-forming toxin activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytochelatin metabolic process
+
+
+ phytochelatin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytochelatin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ phytochelatin synthesis
+ phytochelatin formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytochelatins, any of a group of peptides that bind metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg) in thiolate coordination complexes. The structure is of the type (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinyl)n-glycine, where n is 2 to 11.
+ gosubset_prok
+ phytochelatin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ phytochelatin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide phosphorylation
+
+
+ The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleotide to produce a phosphorylated nucleoside.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleoside monophosphate phosphorylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a nucleoside monophosphate to produce a polyphosphorylated nucleoside.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carboxylic acid transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of carboxylic acids into, out of, within or between cells. Carboxylic acids are organic acids containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid carbamoylation
+
+ The addition of a carbamoyl group to a protein amino acid. A carbamoyl group is the acyl group -CO-NH2.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-alanine N-carbamoylation
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0343
+ N-terminal peptidyl-alanine N-carbamylation
+ The carbamylation of the N-terminal alanine of proteins to form the derivative N-carbamoyl-L-alanine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydroxylysine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid. Hydroxylysine is found in collagen and commonly has galactose and then glucose added sequentially by glycosyltransferases.
+ gosubset_prok
+ hydroxylysine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydroxylysine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ hydroxylysine synthesis
+ hydroxylysine biosynthesis
+ hydroxylysine formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.
+ hydroxylysine anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydroxylysine catabolic process
+
+
+ hydroxylysine degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hydroxylysine (5-hydroxy-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid), a chiral alpha-amino acid.
+ hydroxylysine catabolism
+ hydroxylysine breakdown
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ acyl-CoA formation
+ acyl-CoA synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty-acyl group.
+ biological_process
+ acyl-CoA anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ acyl-CoA biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular ketone body metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone, as carried out by individual cells. Although 3-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone, it is classed as a ketone body because it exists in an equilibrium with acetoacetate. Ketone bodies may accumulate in excessive amounts in the body in starvation, diabetes mellitus or in other defects of carbohydrate metabolism.
+ ketone body metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ketone body biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ketone body biosynthesis
+ ketone body synthesis
+ ketone body anabolism
+ ketone body formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Biosynthesis involves the formation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA, which is cleaved to acetate and acetyl-CoA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ketone body catabolic process
+
+
+ ketone body catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of ketone bodies, any one of the three substances: acetoacetate, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (beta-hydroxybutyrate) or acetone. Ketone bodies can be used as an energy source as an alternative to glucose. Utilization of ketone bodies in peripheral tissues involves conversion of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA, which is then converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA.
+ biological_process
+ ketone body breakdown
+ ketone body degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive phototaxis
+
+
+ The directed movement of a cell or organism towards a source of light.
+ positive phototactic behaviour
+ positive phototactic behavior
+ biological_process
+ GO:0046954
+ positive taxis in response to light
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative phototaxis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative phototactic behaviour
+ negative phototactic behavior
+ negative taxis in response to light
+ GO:0046955
+ The directed movement of a cell or organism away from a source of light.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nonassociative learning
+
+ A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment.
+ biological_process
+ unconditional response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ habituation
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Habituation
+ A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensitization
+
+ Wikipedia:Sensitization
+ An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate transport
+
+ PAPS transport
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate transport
+ adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate transport
+ The directed movement of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride synthesized from adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosol to ER transport
+
+ The directed movement of substances from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
+ biological_process
+ cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide antigen transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a peptide antigen into, out of, within or between cells. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of hemoglobin anabolism
+ regulation of haemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ regulation of hemoglobin synthesis
+ regulation of hemoglobin biosynthesis
+ regulation of hemoglobin formation
+ regulation of haemoglobin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ activation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of haemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of hemoglobin biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of hemoglobin formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
+ positive regulation of hemoglobin anabolism
+ up-regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of hemoglobin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of haemoglobin biosynthesis
+ up regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of haemoglobin biosynthesis
+ downregulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of hemoglobin biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of haemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying, conjugated protein containing four heme groups and globin.
+ negative regulation of hemoglobin anabolism
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of hemoglobin formation
+ down-regulation of hemoglobin biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of hemoglobin synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the rate or frequency of conjugation, the union or introduction of genetic information from compatible mating types that results in a genetically different individual.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of response to osmotic stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle transport along microtubule
+
+ The directed movement of a vesicle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrion transport along microtubule
+
+
+ mitochondrial migration along microtubule
+ The directed movement of a mitochondrion along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins.
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrial transport along microtubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen
+
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses peptide antigen in association with an MHC protein complex on its cell surface, including proteolysis and transport steps for the peptide antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from an endogenous or exogenous protein.
+ peptide antigen processing and presentation
+ biological_process
+ antigen presentation, peptide antigen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface, including lipid extraction, degradation, and transport steps for the lipid antigen both prior to and following assembly with the MHC protein complex. The lipid antigen may originate from an endogenous or exogenous source of lipid. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.
+ antigen presentation, lipid antigen
+ lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation, endogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+ biological_process
+ antigen presentation, endogenous lipid antigen
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of endogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.
+ endogenous lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen processing and presentation, exogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib
+
+
+ antigen presentation, exogenous peptide antigen
+ The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses lipid antigen of exogenous origin in association with an MHC class Ib protein complex on its cell surface. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 family.
+ exogenous lipid antigen processing and presentation via MHC class Ib
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ PDGFR signaling pathway
+ PDGF receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ PDGF receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin-like growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ IGF receptor signalling pathway
+ IGF receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ VEGF receptor signalling pathway
+ VEGF receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+ NGF receptor signaling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the nerve growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ biological_process
+ NGF receptor signalling pathway
+ nerve growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ HGF receptor signaling pathway
+ HGF receptor signalling pathway
+ Met signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ephrin receptor signaling pathway
+
+ Eph receptor signaling pathway
+ Eph receptor signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Tie receptor signaling pathway
+
+ Tek receptor signaling
+ Tie receptor signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a Tie receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands (angiopoietins).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphoinositide-mediated signaling
+
+ inositol phospholipid-mediated signaling
+ gosubset_prok
+ phosphoinositide-mediated signalling
+ A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphoinositide to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol phosphate-mediated signaling
+
+ inositol phosphate-mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a water-soluble inositol phosphate to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+ inositol phospholipid-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inositol lipid-mediated signaling
+
+ biological_process
+ inositol lipid-mediated signalling
+ inositol phospholipid-mediated signaling
+ A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses an inositol lipid to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of melanin anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ regulation of melanin synthesis
+ regulation of melanin biosynthesis
+ Any process that alters the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.
+ regulation of melanin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of melanin formation
+ negative regulation of melanin biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of melanin synthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.
+ downregulation of melanin biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of melanin biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of melanin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of melanin biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of melanin biosynthesis
+ upregulation of melanin biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of melanin synthesis
+ positive regulation of melanin formation
+ up-regulation of melanin biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ activation of melanin biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of melanin.
+ positive regulation of melanin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pre-mRNA splicing
+ regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
+ GO:0035055
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0035056
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ inhibition of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ negative regulation of pre-mRNA splicing
+ down regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+ down-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ down-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
+ down regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ inhibition of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+ downregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+ downregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of pre-mRNA splicing
+ activation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ upregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+ up regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+ positive regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ upregulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mRNA splicing via a spliceosomal mechanism.
+ stimulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ up regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ activation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+ stimulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+ up-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing via U2-type spliceosome
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
+ GO:0035057
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme o metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ haem o metabolism
+ heme o metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.
+ haem o metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme O biosynthetic process
+
+
+ haem O biosynthesis
+ heme O biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ haem O biosynthetic process
+ heme O synthesis
+ heme O formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ heme O anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heme o catabolic process
+
+
+ heme o breakdown
+ haem o catabolism
+ heme o degradation
+ heme o catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of heme O, a derivative of heme containing a 17-carbon hydroxyethylfarnesyl side chain at position 8 of the tetrapyrrole macrocycle.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ haem o catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ central complex development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central complex over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central complex region of the insect brain is thought to be crucial for control of locomotive behavior. Located in the middle of the two protocerebral hemispheres, it comprises four neuropilar regions, the fan-shaped body, the ellipsoid body, the protocerebral bridge and the paired noduli.
+ central body development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ focal adhesion formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ focal adhesion assembly
+ The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of post-mating oviposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of oviposition, post-mating
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium, following mating.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoplast
+
+ The protoplasts of cells in a plant are connected through plasmodesmata, and plants may be described as having two major compartments: the living symplast and the non-living apoplast. The apoplast is external to the plasma membrane and includes cell walls, intercellular spaces and the lumen of dead structures such as xylem vessels. Water and solutes pass freely through it.
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Apoplast
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating behavior, sex discrimination
+
+ biological_process
+ The actions or reactions of individuals for the purpose of discriminating between the sexes, for the purpose of finding a suitable mating partner.
+ mating behaviour, sex discrimination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic eye morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process occurring in the embryo by which the anatomical structures of the post-embryonic eye are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic eye morphogenesis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring after embryonic development, by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The eye is the organ of sight.
+ post-embryonic eye morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ GO:0048051
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R1/R6 cell differentiation
+
+ R1/R6 cell differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R1 and R6 photoreceptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R1/R6 development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R1 and R6 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R1 and R6 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres.
+ R1/R6 development (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R2/R5 cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ R2/R5 cell differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R2 and R5 photoreceptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R2/R5 development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R2 and R5 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R2 and R5 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres.
+ biological_process
+ R2/R5 development (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R3/R4 cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire the specialized features of R3 and R4 photoreceptors.
+ R3/R4 cell differentiation (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ R3/R4 development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ R3/R4 development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the R3 and R4 pair of photoreceptors in the eye over time, from their formation to the mature structures. R3 and R4 are paired photoreceptors that contribute to the outer rhabdomeres.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye corneal lens development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corneal lens in the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The corneal lens is a chitinous extracellular secretion of the four underlying cone cells and the pigment cells.
+ biological_process
+ corneal lens development (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative gravitaxis
+
+ biological_process
+ negative gravitactic behaviour
+ negative geotactic behaviour
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism away from the source of gravity.
+ negative geotactic behavior
+ negative taxis in response to gravitytaxis in response to gravitational stimulus
+ negative gravitactic behavior
+ negative taxis in response to gravity
+ GO:0048063
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive gravitaxis
+
+ GO:0048064
+ positive gravitactic behaviour
+ biological_process
+ positive taxis in response to gravity
+ positive geotactic behavior
+ positive taxis in response to gravitytaxis in response to gravitational stimulus
+ positive geotactic behaviour
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards the source of gravity.
+ positive gravitactic behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male courtship behavior, veined wing extension
+
+ male courtship behaviour (sensu Insecta), wing extension
+ male courtship behavior (sensu Insecta), wing extension
+ biological_process
+ male courtship behaviour, veined wing extension
+ The process during courtship where the male insect extends his wings.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigmentation during development
+
+
+ The deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell, occurring during development.
+ biological_process
+ developmental pigmentation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuticle pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye pigmentation
+
+ Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Eye_color
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pigmentation during development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of coloring matter occurring during development.
+ regulation of developmental pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sex-specific pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Establishment of a pattern of pigment in one sex that is not observed in the other sex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye pigmentation
+
+ biological_process
+ Establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
+ eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of eye pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of eye pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
+ downregulation of eye pigmentation
+ down regulation of eye pigmentation
+ down-regulation of eye pigmentation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of eye pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of eye pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of eye pigmentation
+ activation of eye pigmentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the eye of an organism.
+ stimulation of eye pigmentation
+ up regulation of eye pigmentation
+ up-regulation of eye pigmentation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of compound eye pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of compound eye pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
+ negative regulation of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ inhibition of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ down-regulation of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of compound eye pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ upregulation of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the compound eye.
+ positive regulation of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ stimulation of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ activation of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ up regulation of eye pigmentation (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cuticle pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cuticle pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of cuticle pigmentation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
+ down-regulation of cuticle pigmentation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cuticle pigmentation
+ inhibition of cuticle pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cuticle pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of cuticle pigmentation
+ activation of cuticle pigmentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in the cuticle of an organism.
+ up-regulation of cuticle pigmentation
+ upregulation of cuticle pigmentation
+ stimulation of cuticle pigmentation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.
+ downregulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+ down-regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+ down regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+ upregulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+ up-regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the cuticle of an organism.
+ up regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+ activation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adult cuticle pigmentation (sensu Insecta)
+ Establishment of the adult pattern of pigmentation in the chitin-containing cuticle of an organism. As in, but not restricted to, the true insects (Insecta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:50557).
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048068
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of pigmentation during development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of pigmentation
+ inhibition of pigmentation
+ down regulation of pigmentation
+ downregulation of pigmentation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the deposition of coloring matter occurring during development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of pigmentation during development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of pigmentation
+ stimulation of pigmentation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of pigmentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the deposition of coloring matter occurring during development.
+ up-regulation of pigmentation
+ activation of pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of male pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of female pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of female pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of female pigmentation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
+ downregulation of female pigmentation
+ down regulation of female pigmentation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of female pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of female pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of female pigmentation
+ up-regulation of female pigmentation
+ up regulation of female pigmentation
+ stimulation of female pigmentation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
+ activation of female pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of male pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of male pigmentation
+ down-regulation of male pigmentation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
+ inhibition of male pigmentation
+ downregulation of male pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of male pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of male pigmentation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of male pigmentation
+ activation of male pigmentation
+ up-regulation of male pigmentation
+ up regulation of male pigmentation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Establishment of a pattern of pigment in males.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female pigmentation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Establishment of a pattern of pigment in females.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this process is the opposite of chromatin silencing. This regulation is exemplified by members of the trithorax group, which maintain the active state of homeotic gene transcription.
+ Maintenance of transcription by remodelling of chromatin into an 'open configuration'. Once established, this regulation is mitotically stable and is maintained over many cell divisions. It is also heritable.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long-term maintenance of gene activation
+
+ Note that this process is the opposite of gene silencing.
+ biological_process
+ Any mechanism, at the level of transcription or post-transcription, maintaining gene activation in the long-term.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antennal joint development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the antennal joint over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The antennal joint is the joint between antennal segments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior/posterior lineage restriction, imaginal disc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation and/or maintenance of a lineage boundary between anterior and posterior compartments that cells cannot cross, thus separating the populations of cells in each compartment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wing disc anterior/posterior pattern formation
+
+
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the wing.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagic cell death
+
+ programmed cell death by autophagy
+ type II programmed cell death
+ A form of programmed cell death that is accompanied by macroautophagy, which is characterized by the sequestration of cytoplasmic material within autophagosomes for bulk degradation by lysosomes. Autophagic cell death is characterized by lack of chromatin condensation, massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm, and accumulation of (double-membraned) autophagic vacuoles, with little or no uptake by phagocytic cells.
+ autophagic death (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ autophagic death (sensu Fungi)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatic stem cell division
+
+ biological_process
+ The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
+ somatic stem cell renewal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of body hair or bristle orientation
+
+ Orientation of hairs or sensory bristles that cover the body surface of an adult, such that they all point in a uniform direction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of body hair orientation
+
+ biological_process
+ Orientation of body hairs, actin rich projections emanating from the apical surface of each cell, such that they all point in a uniform direction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of body bristle orientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Orientation along the body surface of bristles, sensory organs originating from a sensory organ precursor cell, such that they all point in a uniform direction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone biosynthetic process
+
+ 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone anabolism
+ 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone synthesis
+ 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone formation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone, five-membered saturated heterocyclic ring structures containing a sulfur and a nitrogen in the 1-position and 2-positions respectively.
+ gosubset_prok
+ 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 4-amino-3-isothiazolidinone
+
+
+ Note that this is a generic parent because the identity of the second amino acid is not critical for formation of the cross-link.
+ The formation of 4-amino-3-isothiazolinone cross-links by the formation of a sulfenylamide bond between cysteine or cysteine sulfenic acid, and the alpha-amido of the following residue.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 2-amino-3-isothiazolidinone-L-serine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0344
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a peptidyl cysteine-peptidyl serine cross-link through a process of forming first an intermediate cysteine sulfenic acid by peroxide oxidation, followed by condensation with the alpha-amido of the following serine residue and the release of water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ-line stem cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ female germ-line stem cell renewal
+ female germ-line stem cell renewal (sensu Insecta)
+ female germ-line stem cell division (sensu Insecta)
+ GO:0048141
+ The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the female gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the female gametes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ-line stem cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ-line stem cell renewal
+ The self-renewing division of a germline stem cell in the male gonad, to produce a daughter stem cell and a daughter germ cell, which will divide to form the male gametes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ-line cyst formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Formation of a cluster of germ-line cells derived from a single founder cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ-line cyst formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Formation of a cluster of germ-line cells, in the female gonad, derived from a single founder cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ-line cyst formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Formation of a cluster of germ-line cells, in the male gonad of an insect, derived from a single founder cell (cystoblast).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatocyte division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ spermatocyte cell division
+ The meiotic divisions undergone by the primary and secondary spermatocytes to produce a cyst of haploid spermatids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ-line cyst encapsulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female germ-line cyst encapsulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the female gonad.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male germ-line cyst encapsulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Formation of a single follicular epithelium around the germ-line derived cells of a cyst formed in the male gonad.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germarium-derived cystoblast division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The four rounds of incomplete mitosis undergone by a cystoblast derived from the germarium to form a 16-cell cyst. Within the cyst, one cell differentiates into an oocyte while the rest become nurse cells.
+ cystoblast cell division (sensu Insecta)
+ cystoblast division (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astrocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in morphology and behavior of an astrocyte resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast proliferation
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells, resulting in the expansion of the fibroblast population.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fibroblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of fibroblast proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
+ upregulation of fibroblast proliferation
+ stimulation of fibroblast proliferation
+ up regulation of fibroblast proliferation
+ biological_process
+ activation of fibroblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of fibroblast proliferation
+ down-regulation of fibroblast proliferation
+ downregulation of fibroblast proliferation
+ inhibition of fibroblast proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral response to cocaine
+
+
+ behavioural response to cocaine
+ response to cocaine (sensu Insecta)
+ A change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral response to ethanol
+
+
+ behavioural response to ethanol
+ A change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
+ response to ethanol (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral response to ether
+
+
+ biological_process
+ response to ether (sensu Insecta)
+ A change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ether stimulus.
+ behavioural response to ether
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyperphosphorylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The excessive phosphorylation of a protein, as a result of activation of kinases, deactivation of phosphatases, or both.
+ Note that this term should be used only to annotate gene products that carry out hyperphosphorylations that are normal for the cell/organism.
+ Wikipedia:Hyperphosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S100 beta biosynthetic process
+
+ S100 beta synthesis
+ S100 beta formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S100 beta protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
+ biological_process
+ S100 beta biosynthesis
+ S100 beta anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S100 alpha biosynthetic process
+
+ S100 alpha formation
+ S100 alpha synthesis
+ S100 alpha anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of S100 alpha protein. S100 is a small calcium and zinc binding protein produced in astrocytes that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
+ S100 alpha biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oogonium stage, oogenesis
+
+ oogonium stage, oogenesis (sensu Mammalia)
+ mammalian oogenesis stage 1
+ The stage in mammalian oogenesis when the primordial germ cell is hardly distinguishable from other cortical cells of the ovary.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary oocyte stage, oogenesis
+
+ mammalian oogenesis stage 2
+ biological_process
+ The stage in oogenesis when the oocyte has a nucleus slightly larger than those of the adjacent cells and is surrounded by a layer of loose squamous epithelial cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary follicle stage, oogenesis
+
+ The stage in oogenesis when a single layer of cuboidal follicle cells surrounds the oocyte. The oocyte nucleus is large.
+ mammalian oogenesis stage 3
+ primary follicle stage, oogenesis (sensu Mammalia)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ double layer follicle stage, oogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The stage in oogenesis when a double layer of distinct follicle cells surrounds the oocyte.
+ double layer follicle stage, oogenesis (sensu Mammalia)
+ mammalian oogenesis stage 4
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-layer follicle stage, oogenesis
+
+ The stage in oogenesis when many layers of follicle cells surround the oocyte. There is a yolk nucleus (Balbiani's Body) near the germinal vesicle.
+ biological_process
+ mammalian oogenesis stage 5
+ multi-layer follicle stage, oogenesis (sensu Mammalia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scattered antral spaces stage, oogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ scattered antral spaces stage, oogenesis (sensu Mammalia)
+ The stage in oogenesis when antral spaces begin to form in the follicle cells. Mitochondria form centers for yolk concentration.
+ mammalian oogenesis stage 6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ distinct antral spaces stage, oogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ distinct antral spaces stage, oogenesis (sensu Mammalia)
+ The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces become distinct and the first polar body forms.
+ mammalian oogenesis stage 7
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fused antrum stage, oogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ fused antrum stage, oogenesis (sensu Mammalia)
+ The stage in oogenesis when the antral spaces fuse to form a single antral space. The oocyte is suspended in the cumulus oophorous and the first polar body in the perivitelline space.
+ mammalian oogenesis stage 8
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature follicle stage, oogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The stage in oogenesis when the antrum is swollen with follicular fluid. The ovum is ready to erupt from the ovary and is arrested at metaphase of the second meiotic division.
+ mammalian oogenesis stage 9
+ mature follicle stage, oogenesis (sensu Mammalia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic plasticity
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that the syntax of the definition of the this term is different from the usual regulation syntax because it describes regulation of a trait rather than regulation of a process.
+ A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity
+
+ Note that the syntax of the definition of the this term is different from the usual regulation syntax because it describes regulation of a trait rather than regulation of a process.
+ A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+
+ Note that the syntax of the definition of the this term is different from the usual regulation syntax because it describes regulation of a trait rather than regulation of a process.
+ A process that modulates long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+
+
+ A process that increases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.
+ activation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ up-regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ upregulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ up regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ Note that the syntax of the definition of the this term is different from the usual regulation syntax because it describes regulation of a trait rather than regulation of a process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+
+
+ downregulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ down-regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ biological_process
+ A process that decreases long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change long-term as circumstances require. Long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increase or decrease in actual synapse numbers.
+ Note that the syntax of the definition of the this term is different from the usual regulation syntax because it describes regulation of a trait rather than regulation of a process.
+ down regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ inhibition of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+
+ A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.
+ biological_process
+ Note that the syntax of the definition of the this term is different from the usual regulation syntax because it describes regulation of a trait rather than regulation of a process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+
+
+ upregulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ up regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ activation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ A process that increases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.
+ stimulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ Note that the syntax of the definition of the this term is different from the usual regulation syntax because it describes regulation of a trait rather than regulation of a process.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+
+
+ inhibition of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ down regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ A process that decreases short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.
+ biological_process
+ Note that the syntax of the definition of the this term is different from the usual regulation syntax because it describes regulation of a trait rather than regulation of a process.
+ downregulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+ down-regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scatter factor biosynthetic process
+ hepatocyte growth factor anabolism
+ biological_process
+ HGF biosynthesis
+ hepatocyte growth factor formation
+ hepatocyte growth factor synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepacyte growth factor. Hepatocyte growth factor is a mitogen for a number of cell types and it is found in liver cells and in many other cell types, including platelets.
+ scatter factor biosynthesis
+ HGF biosynthetic process
+ hepatocyte growth factor biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of HGF biosynthesis
+ regulation of scatter factor biosynthesis
+ regulation of scatter factor biosynthetic process
+ regulation of hepatocyte growth factor synthesis
+ regulation of HGF biosynthetic process
+ regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthesis
+ regulation of hepatocyte growth factor formation
+ regulation of hepatocyte growth factor anabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepatocyte growth factor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of scatter factor biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepatocyte growth factor.
+ positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor anabolism
+ positive regulation of HGF biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor synthesis
+ upregulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of hepatocyte growth factor formation
+ positive regulation of HGF biosynthetic process
+ up regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of scatter factor biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+ activation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepatocyte growth factor.
+ negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor formation
+ negative regulation of scatter factor biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of HGF biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor anabolism
+ downregulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of scatter factor biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of HGF biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of hepatocyte growth factor biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of hepatocyte growth factor synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activin receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that acts as an activin receptor. Heterodimeric activin receptors, comprising one Type I activin receptor and one Type II receptor polypeptide, and heterotrimeric receptors have been observed.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activin complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that the actions of the activin complex are the opposite of those of the inhibin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A or inhibin beta-B subunit and a inhibin alpha subunit. See 'inhibin complex ; GO:0043511'.
+ cellular_component
+ A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta subunits, inhibin beta-A and inhibin beta-B (sometimes known as activin beta or activin/inhibin beta). There are three forms of activin complex, activin A, which is composed of 2 inhibin beta-A subunits, activin B, which is composed of 2 inhibin beta-B subunits, and activin AB, which is composed of an inhibin beta-A and an inhibin beta-B subunit.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activin AB complex
+
+ inhibin beta-A
+ cellular_component
+ A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta subunits (sometimes known as activin beta or activin/inhibin beta), inhibin beta-A and inhibin beta-B.
+ inhibin beta-B
+ Note that the actions of the activin complex are the opposite of those of the inhibin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A or inhibin beta-B subunit and a inhibin alpha subunit. See 'inhibin complex ; GO:0043511'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Set1C/COMPASS complex
+
+
+ Set1C
+ cellular_component
+ COMPASS complex
+ A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Lid2 complex
+
+ A protein complex that is thought to be involved in regulation of chromatin remodeling. In Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Lid1p, Ash2p, Ecm5p, Snt2p, and Sdc1p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wing disc dorsal/ventral pattern formation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ wing disc dorsoventral pattern formation
+ The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis of the wing disc, a precursor to the adult wing.
+ wing disc dorsal-ventral pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi vesicle transport
+
+
+ Golgi-derived vesicle transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances into, out of or within the Golgi apparatus, mediated by vesicles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi vesicle budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi-derived vesicle budding
+ The evagination of the Golgi membrane, resulting in formation of a vesicle.
+ biological_process
+ dictyosome vesicle budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi membrane priming complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of dictyosome membrane priming complex
+ formation of Golgi membrane priming complex
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a membrane priming complex. An incoming coat component recognizes both GTPase and a membrane protein to form the priming complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ middle lamella-containing extracellular matrix
+
+
+ Note that this term does not have 'extracellular region ; GO:0005576' as a parent because in plants the extracellular matrix is considered part of the cell.
+ extracellular matrix (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ The matrix external to the cell, composed of the cell wall and middle lamella.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi membrane coat protein complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of priming complexes to form a coat on a Golgi membrane. Priming complexes associate laterally and additional coat proteins are recruited from the cytosol to the forming coat. Cargo proteins diffuse into the budding site and become trapped by their interactions with the coat.
+ dictyosome membrane binding by cytosolic coat proteins
+ biological_process
+ Golgi membrane bud coat oligomerisation
+ dictyosome membrane bud coat oligomerisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi vesicle bud deformation and release
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which cytosolic coat proteins fit together in a basketlike convex framework to form a coated deformed region on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The deformed region forms into a complete vesicle and is released.
+ dictyosome vesicle bud deformation
+ biological_process
+ Golgi-derived vesicle bud deformation and release
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle targeting, to, from or within dictyosome
+ dictyosome vesicle targeting
+ Golgi vesicle targeting
+ The process by which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus; mediated by the addition of specific coat proteins, including COPI and COPII proteins and clathrin, to the membrane during vesicle formation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi transport vesicle coating
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of specific coat proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles.
+ dictyosome transport vesicle coating
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle targeting, plasma membrane to endosome
+
+ plasma membrane to endosome targeting
+ The process by which vesicles formed at the plasma membrane are directed to specific destinations in endosome membranes, mediated by molecules at the vesicle membrane and target membrane surfaces.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin coating of Golgi vesicle
+
+
+ biological_process
+ clathrin coating of Golgi-derived vesicle
+ The addition of clathrin and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle targeting, trans-Golgi to endosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ trans-Golgi to endosome targeting
+ The process by which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the trans-Golgi to the endosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle targeting, inter-Golgi cisterna
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inter-Golgi cisterna targeting
+ The process by which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from one Golgi cisterna to another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ COPI coating of Golgi vesicle
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of COPI proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
+ COPI coating of Golgi-derived vesicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle targeting, cis-Golgi to rough ER
+
+
+ cis-Golgi to rough ER targeting
+ biological_process
+ cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum targeting
+ The process by which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the cis-Golgi to the rough ER.
+ vesicle targeting, cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle targeting, rough ER to cis-Golgi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi targeting
+ The process by which vesicles are directed to specific destination membranes during transport from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cis-Golgi.
+ rough ER to cis-Golgi targeting
+ biological_process
+ vesicle targeting, rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ COPII coating of Golgi vesicle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ COPII coating of Golgi-derived vesicle
+ biological_process
+ The addition of COPII proteins and adaptor proteins to Golgi membranes during the formation of transport vesicles, forming a vesicle coat.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vesicle targeting, to, from or within Golgi
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or destination of vesicle-mediated transport to, from or within the Golgi apparatus.
+ regulation of Golgi vesicle targeting
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi-derived vesicle fusion to target membrane
+ biological_process
+ dictyosome vesicle fusion to target membrane
+ The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a Golgi transport vesicle to the target lipid bilayer membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi vesicle docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi vesicle docking with target membrane
+ biological_process
+ Golgi-derived vesicle docking
+ dictyosome vesicle docking to target membrane
+ The initial attachment of a Golgi transport vesicle membrane to a target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the Golgi vesicle and the target membrane.
+ Golgi vesicle to membrane docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi vesicle uncoating
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dictyosome vesicle coat depolymerization
+ The process by which Golgi vesicle coat proteins are depolymerized, and released for reuse.
+ Golgi vesicle coat protein depolymerization
+ biological_process
+ Golgi-derived vesicle uncoating
+ Golgi vesicle coat depolymerization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi vesicle prefusion complex stabilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ dictyosome vesicle prefusion complex stabilisation
+ The binding of specific proteins to the t-SNARE/v-SNARE/SNAP25 complex, by which the Golgi vesicle prefusion complex is stabilized.
+ Golgi vesicle prefusion complex assembly
+ Golgi-derived vesicle prefusion complex stabilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that GTP-binding Rab proteins serve as regulators of vesicle targeting and fusion.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+ activation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+ up-regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+ stimulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.
+ up regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane.
+ inhibition of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+ down regulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+ downregulation of Golgi vesicle fusion to target membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pectic matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The gel-like pectin matrix consists of the interlinked acidic and neutral pectin networks that are further cross-linked by calcium bridges. Pectins consist largely of long chains of mostly galacturonic acid units (typically 1,4 linkages and sometimes methyl esters). Three major pectic polysaccharides (homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I and rhamnogalacturonan II) are thought to occur in all primary cell walls.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inter-Golgi cisterna vesicle-mediated transport
+
+ inter-Golgi cisterna transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances from one Golgi cisterna to another, mediated by small transport vesicles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cis-Golgi to rough ER vesicle-mediated transport
+
+ cis-Golgi to rough ER transport
+ biological_process
+ cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum transport
+ cis-Golgi to rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicle-mediated transport
+ The directed movement of substances from the Golgi apparatus to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, mediated by vesicles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rough ER to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
+
+ Reactome:159763
+ rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
+ rough endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi transport
+ biological_process
+ rough ER to cis-Golgi transport
+ Reactome:230256
+ Reactome:221665
+ Reactome:238292
+ The directed movement of substances from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the cis-Golgi, mediated by small transport vesicles.
+ Reactome:211901
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycoprotein network
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Extensin
+ cellular_component
+ extensin
+ A network of glycoproteins; proteins with covalently attached sugar units, either bonded via the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine (O glycosylated) or through the amino terminal of asparagine (N glycosylated).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemicellulose network
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Network composed of hemicelluloses; members of a class of plant cell wall polysaccharide that cannot be extracted from the wall by hot water or chelating agents, but can be extracted by aqueous alkali. Includes xylan, glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan II, glucomannan, xyloglucan and galactomannan.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lignin network
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A network composed of lignin; a complex polymer of phenylpropanoid subunits, laid down in the walls of plant cells such as xylem vessels and sclerenchyma. It imparts considerable strength to the wall and also protects it against degradation by microorganisms. It is also laid down as a defence reaction against pathogenic attack, as part of the hypersensitive response of plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suberin network
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Fatty substance, containing long chain fatty acids and fatty esters, found in the cell walls of cork cells (phellem) in higher plants. Renders the cell wall impervious to water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Casparian strip
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Casparian_strip
+ Region of plant cell wall specialised to act as a seal to prevent back leakage of secreted material (analogous to tight junction between epithelial cells). Found particularly where root parenchymal cells secrete solutes into xylem vessels. The barrier is composed of suberin; a fatty substance, containing long chain fatty acids and fatty esters, also found in the cell walls of cork cells (phellem) in higher plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane to endosome transport
+
+ biological_process
+ Transport of a vesicle from the plasma membrane to the endosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gametophyte development
+
+ gametophyte development (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ gametogenesis (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gametophyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gametophyte is the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle having alternation of generations.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male gamete generation
+
+ Generation of the male gamete; specialised haploid cells produced by meiosis and along with a female gamete takes part in sexual reproduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen sperm cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male gamete generation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a haploid sperm cell within the plant gametophyte.
+ GO:0048234
+ sperm cell differentiation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ biological_process
+ male gametophyte sperm cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type spore development
+
+
+ plant spore development
+ spore development (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spore over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spore gives rise to gametophytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
+ cellular_component
+ rough ER lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
+ smooth ER lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of DNA recombination at telomere
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the telomere.
+ negative regulation of telomeric recombination at telomere
+ downregulation of telomeric recombination at telomere
+ down regulation of telomeric recombination at telomere
+ down-regulation of telomeric recombination at telomere
+ suppression of telomeric recombination at telomere
+ inhibition of telomeric recombination at telomere
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sperm capacitation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence. Sperm undergo an incompletely understood series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving, among other processes, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epinephrine transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of epinephrine into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ adrenaline transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epinephrine secretion
+
+
+
+ adrenaline secretion
+ The regulated release of epinephrine by a cell or group of cells. Epinephrine is a catecholamine hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter, released by certain neurons and active in the central nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ norepinephrine secretion
+
+
+ noradrenaline secretion
+ The regulated release of norepinephrine by a cell or group of cells. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine and it acts as a hormone and as a neurotransmitter of most of the sympathetic nervous system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eosinophil chemotaxis
+
+ The movement of an eosinophil in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macrophage chemotaxis
+
+ The movement of a macrophage in response to an external stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte chemotaxis
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a lymphocyte in response to an external stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial iron ion transport
+
+
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrial iron transport
+ The directed movement of iron ions into, out of or within a mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elastic fiber assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elastic fibre assembly
+ biological_process
+ Assembly of the extracellular matrix fibers that enables the matrix to recoil after transient stretching.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lauric acid metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ n-dodecanoic acid metabolism
+ n-dodecanoic acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ lauric acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lauric acid, a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)10COOH. Derived from vegetable sources.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snoRNA localization
+
+
+ establishment and maintenance of snoRNA localization
+ Any process by which small nucleolar RNA is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ small nucleolar RNA localization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA stabilization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Prevention of degradation of mRNA molecules. In the absence of compensating changes in other processes, the slowing of mRNA degradation can result in an overall increase in the population of active mRNA molecules.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
+ activation of receptor mediated endocytosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
+ upregulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
+ up regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
+ positive regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
+ down-regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
+ inhibition of receptor mediated endocytosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
+ downregulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
+ down regulation of receptor mediated endocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of dorsal/ventral asymmetry
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ determination of dorsoventral asymmetry
+ determination of dorsal-ventral asymmetry
+ determination of adaxial/abaxial asymmetry
+ Determination of asymmetry from the dorsal to the ventral side; as, the dorsoventral axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of dorsal identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of adaxial identity
+ biological_process
+ Determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the dorsal region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of ventral identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ determination of abaxial identity
+ The regionalization process by which the determination of the identity of part of an organism or organ where those parts are of the type that occur in the ventral region. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to pain
+
+ GO:0048267
+ biological_process
+ physiological response to pain
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral response to pain
+
+
+ behavioural response to pain
+ biological_process
+ A change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin coat assembly
+
+
+ The process by which clathrin triskelia are assembled into the ordered structure known as a clathrin cage.
+ biological_process
+ clathrin cage assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methionine adenosyltransferase complex
+
+
+ A multimeric enzyme complex composed of variable numbers of catalytic alpha subunits, and noncatalytic beta subunits. The beta subunits are believed to have a regulatory function. The enzyme complex catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), which is the major methyl group donor, participating in the methylation of proteins, DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and other small molecules.
+ cellular_component
+ MAT complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-arginine acetylation
+
+
+ The acetylation of the N-terminal arginine of proteins; catalyzed by an uncharacterized arginyl-peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0354
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle docking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ vesicle to membrane docking
+ biological_process
+ The initial attachment of a transport vesicle membrane to the target membrane, mediated by proteins protruding from the membrane of the vesicle and the target membrane. Docking requires only that the two membranes come close enough for these proteins to interact and adhere.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle fusion with endoplasmic reticulum
+
+ vesicle fusion with ER
+ The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle fusion with Golgi apparatus
+
+ The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle to the lipid bilayer membrane around the Golgi.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inflorescence morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of inflorescences are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. An inflorescence is the part of a seed plant body that is usually above ground and that can bear flowers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determinate inflorescence morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A determinate inflorescence is one that can only produce a predetermined number of floral meristems.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indeterminate inflorescence morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of determinate inflorescences are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A determinate inflorescence is one that can produce an undefined number of floral meristems.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle fusion
+
+ The creation of a single organelle from two or more organelles.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle fission
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alveolus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.
+ alveologenesis
+ biological_process
+ alveolarization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear membrane fusion during karyogamy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The joining of 2 or more lipid bilayer membranes that surround the nucleus during the creation of a single nucleus from multiple nuclei.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+
+ class switching to IgE isotypes
+ class switch recombination to IgE isotypes
+ biological_process
+ The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgE biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgE constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
+ isotype switch recombination to IgE isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+
+ isotype switch recombination to IgA isotypes
+ The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgA isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgA constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
+ class switching to IgA isotypes
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+
+ class switching to IgG isotypes
+ The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to biosynthesis of an IgG isotype, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and one of the IgG constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
+ biological_process
+ isotype switch recombination to IgG isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+
+ class switching to IgD isotypes
+ isotype switch recombination to IgD isotypes
+ Note that this term is to be used only for gene products involved in the expression of IgD through recombinational switching into the vestigial switch region at the 5' end of the IgD gene segment, rather than gene products involved in the expression of IgD through alternative splicing mechanisms.
+ biological_process
+ The switching of activated B cells from IgM biosynthesis to IgD biosynthesis, accomplished through a recombination process involving an intrachromosomal deletion between switch regions that reside 5' of the IgM and IgD constant region gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of class switch recombination to IgE isotypes
+ regulation of class switching to IgE isotypes
+ biological_process
+ regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgE isotypes
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+ down-regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+ negative regulation of class switch recombination to IgE isotypes
+ inhibition of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
+ down regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+ negative regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgE isotypes
+ negative regulation of class switching to IgE isotypes
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgE isotypes.
+ positive regulation of class switch recombination to IgE isotypes
+ activation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+ positive regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgE isotypes
+ up-regulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+ positive regulation of class switching to IgE isotypes
+ upregulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of isotype switching to IgE isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of class switch recombination to IgA isotypes
+ regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgA isotypes
+ regulation of class switching to IgA isotypes
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.
+ negative regulation of class switch recombination to IgA isotypes
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of class switching to IgA isotypes
+ inhibition of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+ down-regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+ downregulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+ negative regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgA isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+ up-regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+ positive regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgA isotypes
+ upregulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes.
+ stimulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of class switching to IgA isotypes
+ positive regulation of class switch recombination to IgA isotypes
+ activation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of class switching to IgD isotypes
+ biological_process
+ regulation of class switch recombination to IgD isotypes
+ regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgD isotypes
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.
+ negative regulation of class switching to IgD isotypes
+ downregulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgD isotypes
+ negative regulation of class switch recombination to IgD isotypes
+ inhibition of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+ down-regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of class switch recombination to IgD isotypes
+ upregulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+ up regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+ positive regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgD isotypes
+ positive regulation of class switching to IgD isotypes
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgD isotypes.
+ activation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+ stimulation of isotype switching to IgD isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.
+ regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgG isotypes
+ regulation of class switching to IgG isotypes
+ regulation of class switch recombination to IgG isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+ negative regulation of class switching to IgG isotypes
+ negative regulation of class switch recombination to IgG isotypes
+ downregulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.
+ negative regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgG isotypes
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+ inhibition of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+ positive regulation of class switching to IgG isotypes
+ up regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+ positive regulation of isotype switch recombination to IgG isotypes
+ up-regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgG isotypes.
+ upregulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+ activation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of class switch recombination to IgG isotypes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immunoglobulin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of immunoglobulins from a B cell or plasma cell, whose mechanism includes the use of alternate polyadenylylation signals to favor the biosynthesis of secreted forms of immunoglobulin over membrane-bound immunoglobulin.
+ antibody secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle inheritance
+
+ goslim_pir
+ The partitioning of organelles between daughter cells at cell division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum inheritance
+
+
+ ER inheritance
+ biological_process
+ The partitioning of endoplasmic reticulum between daughter cells at cell division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleus inheritance
+
+
+ The partitioning of nuclei between daughter cells at cell division.
+ biological_process
+ cell nucleus inheritance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrion distribution
+
+
+ mitochondrial distribution
+ biological_process
+ distribution of mitochondria
+ Any process that establish the spatial arrangement of mitochondria between and within cells.
+ positioning of mitochondria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular distribution of mitochondria
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that establish the spatial arrangement of mitochondria within the cell.
+ mitochondrion positioning within cell
+ mitochondria positioning within cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi inheritance
+
+
+ Golgi partitioning
+ The partitioning of Golgi apparatus between daughter cells at cell division.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryo sac morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the embryo sac are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryo sac develops from the megaspore in heterosporous plants.
+ biological_process
+ female gametophyte morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conidium formation
+
+
+ conidia biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ Formation of asexual, nonmotile spores in fungi, by conversion of hyphal elements or arising from specialized sporogenous cells.
+ conidia formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seed development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the seed over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A seed is a propagating organ formed in the sexual reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, consisting of a protective coat enclosing an embryo and food reserves.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seed morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the seed are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial mesoderm development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the axial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial mesoderm morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the axial mesoderm are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial mesoderm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial mesodermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ axial mesoderm cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an axial mesoderm cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial mesodermal cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell becomes committed to become an axial mesoderm cell.
+ axial mesoderm cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ axial mesoderm cell fate determination
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ down regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ inhibition of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ stimulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ upregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ up regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ activation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ up-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial mesoderm cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an axial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ down regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ down-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ inhibition of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axial mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ stimulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ activation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ up-regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ upregulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ up regulation of axial mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axial mesoderm structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ axial mesoderm structural organisation
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the axial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the mesoderm are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesodermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell.
+ biological_process
+ mesoderm cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ down regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
+ inhibition of mesodermal cell fate determination
+ downregulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
+ down-regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
+ stimulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
+ upregulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ activation of mesodermal cell fate determination
+ up regulation of mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
+ upregulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
+ up regulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
+ stimulation of mesodermal cell fate specification
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ biological_process
+ activation of mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesoderm structural organisation
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paraxial mesoderm development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paraxial mesoderm morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the paraxial mesoderm are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paraxial mesoderm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paraxial mesodermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a paraxial mesoderm cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paraxial mesodermal cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell becomes committed to become a paraxial mesoderm cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ activation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ up regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ upregulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ stimulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ down-regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ down regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ inhibition of paraxial mesodermal cell fate determination
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a paraxial mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ stimulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ up-regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ up regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ upregulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ down regulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ inhibition of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ downregulation of paraxial mesodermal cell fate specification
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of paraxial mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paraxial mesoderm structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+ paraxial mesoderm structural organisation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary endosperm nucleus
+
+ cellular_component
+ Nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male gamete and two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucilage biosynthetic process during seed coat development
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur during seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.
+ mucilage anabolism during seed coat development
+ mucilage formation during seed coat development
+ mucilage synthesis during seed coat development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root cap mucilage biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root cap mucilage formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
+ root cap mucilage anabolism
+ root cap mucilage biosynthesis
+ root cap mucilage synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root epithelial mucilage biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ root epithelial mucilage anabolism
+ root epithelial mucilage biosynthesis
+ root epithelial mucilage formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
+ root epithelial mucilage synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pedicel mucilage biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pedicel mucilage synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mucilage that occur in the flower stem.
+ pedicel mucilage biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ pedicel mucilage formation
+ pedicel mucilage anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucilage pectin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ mucilage pectin anabolism
+ mucilage pectin biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pectin component of mucilage.
+ mucilage pectin synthesis
+ mucilage pectin formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucilage metabolic process during seed coat development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucilage metabolism during seed coat development
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur during seed coat development; mucilage is normally synthesized during seed coat development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root cap mucilage metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root cap; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
+ root cap mucilage metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root epithelial mucilage metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ root epithelial mucilage metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the root epithelium; mucilage is normally synthesized during root growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pedicel mucilage metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mucilage that occur in the flower stem.
+ pedicel mucilage metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucilage pectin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucilage pectin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pectin component of mucilage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root is the water- and mineral-absorbing part of a plant which is usually underground, does not bear leaves, tends to grow downwards and is typically derived from the radicle of the embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leaf development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the leaf over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shoot development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the shoot over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral mesoderm development
+
+ lateral plate mesoderm development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral mesoderm morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the lateral mesoderm are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ lateral plate mesoderm morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral mesoderm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lateral plate mesoderm biosynthesis
+ The process that gives rise to the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
+ lateral plate mesoderm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral mesodermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a lateral mesoderm cell.
+ biological_process
+ lateral plate mesodermal cell differentiation
+ lateral plate mesoderm cell differentiation
+ lateral mesoderm cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral mesodermal cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral mesoderm cell fate commitment
+ lateral plate mesodermal cell fate commitment
+ The process by which a cell becomes committed to become a lateral mesoderm cell.
+ lateral plate mesoderm cell fate commitment
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral plate mesoderm cell fate determination
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ lateral plate mesodermal cell fate determination
+ lateral mesoderm cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lateral plate mesoderm cell fate determination
+ regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate determination
+ regulation of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+ inhibition of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+ down-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+ negative regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate determination
+ downregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate determination
+ stimulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+ up regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+ up-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+ upregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ activation of lateral mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a lateral mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ lateral mesoderm cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ lateral plate mesoderm cell fate specification
+ lateral plate mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+ positive regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate specification
+ up regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+ stimulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+ up-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ activation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+ downregulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+ negative regulation of lateral plate mesodermal cell fate specification
+ inhibition of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+ down-regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral mesoderm structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the lateral mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+ lateral plate mesoderm structural organization
+ biological_process
+ lateral mesoderm structural organisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesendoderm development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesendoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesendoderm development gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm tissues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesectoderm development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesectoderm development processes give rise to both mesoderm and ectoderm tissues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+
+ RAR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of RAR signaling pathway
+ regulation of retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ upregulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+ stimulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of RAR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ activation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+ up regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of RAR signalling pathway
+ down-regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of RAR signaling pathway
+ down regulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of retinoic acid receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ downregulation of retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosomal lumen acidification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that reduces the pH of the endosomal lumen, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate mesoderm development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the intermediate mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate mesoderm morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the intermediate mesoderm are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate mesoderm formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate mesodermal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an intermediate mesoderm cell.
+ biological_process
+ intermediate mesoderm cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate mesodermal cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate mesoderm cell fate commitment
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an intermediate mesoderm cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination
+ biological_process
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a intermediate mesoderm cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+ inhibition of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+ downregulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+ down-regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+ up regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate determination.
+ upregulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+ up-regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+ biological_process
+ activation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Process by which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into an intermediate mesoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+ intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ upregulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ activation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+ up regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+ up-regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+ stimulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+ down regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intermediate mesoderm cell fate specification.
+ down-regulation of intermediate mesodermal cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intermediate mesoderm structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the intermediate mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+ intermediate mesoderm structural organisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floral organ development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048433
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the floral organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floral whorl development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048413
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a floral whorl over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A floral whorl is a circular arrangement of parts of a flower arising from a stem of a plant.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flower morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048411
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the flower are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carpel development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the carpel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A carpel is an organ (generally believed to be a modified foliar unit) at the centre of a flower, bearing one or more ovules and having its margins fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule in an ovary, and consisting also of a stigma and usually a style.
+ GO:0048429
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ petal development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048417
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the petal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sepal development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048421
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sepal over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stamen development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stamen over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048425
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floral organ morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048434
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the floral organ are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carpel morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the carpel are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ GO:0048430
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ petal morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048418
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the petal are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sepal morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048422
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the sepal are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stamen morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048426
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the stamen are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floral organ formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048436
+ The process that gives rise to floral organs. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floral organ structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048435
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of floral organs. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+ floral organ structural organisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ petal formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the petal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048419
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ petal structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ petal structural organisation
+ GO:0048420
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the petal. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sepal formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the sepal. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+ GO:0048423
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sepal structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the sepal. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048424
+ sepal structural organisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stamen formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048427
+ biological_process
+ The process that contributes to the act of giving rise to the stamen. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stamen structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stamen structural organisation
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the stamen. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048428
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floral whorl morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048414
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the floral whorl are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floral whorl formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048415
+ The process that gives rise to the floral whorl. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ floral whorl structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048416
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the floral whorl. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+ biological_process
+ floral whorl structural organisation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flower formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048410
+ The process that gives rise to the flower. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flower structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048412
+ flower structural organisation
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the flower. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carpel formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the carpel. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048431
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carpel structural organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the carpel. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
+ GO:0048432
+ carpel structural organisation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calyx development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the calyx over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ corolla development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the corolla over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ androecium development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the androecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gynoecium development
+
+ pistil development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gynoecium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gynoecium is the collective name for the carpels of a flower.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
+ goslim_candida
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perinuclear region of cytoplasm
+
+ cellular_component
+ Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
+ Note that this term should not be confused with the cellular component term 'nuclear membrane lumen ; GO:0005641', which has the synonym 'perinuclear space'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-methionine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of D-methionine into, out of, within, or between cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coated membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ A single or double lipid bilayer with any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Holliday junction resolvase complex
+
+
+ resolvasome
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that mediates the conversion of a Holliday junction into two separate duplex DNA molecules; the complex includes a single- or multisubunit helicase that catalyzes the extension of heteroduplex DNA by branch migration and a nuclease that resolves the junction by nucleolytic cleavage.
+ Mus81-Eme1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oogenesis
+
+ GO:0009993
+ oogenesis (sensu Mammalia)
+ GO:0048157
+ ovum development
+ The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell.
+ Wikipedia:Oogenesis
+ biological_process
+ oogenesis (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ replication fork protection
+
+ Any process that prevents the collapse of stalled replication forks.
+ replication fork stabilization
+ biological_process
+ replication fork maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ style development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the style over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The style is an elongated part of a carpel, or group of fused carpels, and it lies between the ovary and the stigma.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stigma development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stigma over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The stigma is the pollen-receptive surface of a carpel or group of fused carpels, usually sticky.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovule development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovule morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the ovule are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The ovule is the structure in seed plants enclosing the female gametophyte, and is composed of the nucellus, one or two integuments, and the funiculus; it develops into the seed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autonomic nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the autonomic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enteric nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the enteric nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The enteric nervous system is composed of two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gall bladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sympathetic nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The sympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system (the other being the parasympathetic nervous system). The sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord and connect to the paravertebral chain of sympathetic ganglia. Innervate heart and blood vessels, sweat glands, viscera and the adrenal medulla. Most sympathetic neurons, but not all, use noradrenaline as a post-ganglionic neurotransmitter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parasympathetic nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parasympathetic nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two divisions of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves emerge cranially as pre ganglionic fibers from oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus and from the sacral region of the spinal cord. Most neurons are cholinergic and responses are mediated by muscarinic receptors. The parasympathetic system innervates, for example: salivary glands, thoracic and abdominal viscera, bladder and genitalia.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle endocytosis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Invagination of the axonal plasma membrane creating a membrane-bounded vesicle. Without this process the presynaptic terminal would swell up due to fusion of vesicle membranes during neurotransmitter release. The vesicles created may subsequently be used for neurotransmitter storage/release.
+ GO:0008099
+ gosubset_prok
+ synaptic vesicle retrieval
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle transport
+
+ GO:0016181
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ synaptic vesicle fission
+ synaptic vesicle fusion
+ The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron along the cytoskeleton either toward or away from the neuronal cell body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterograde synaptic vesicle transport
+
+ The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron, along the cytoskeleton, away from the neuronal cell body.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retrograde synaptic vesicle transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of substances in synaptic membrane-bounded vesicles within the neuron, along the cytoskeleton, toward the neuronal cell body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
+
+
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ RubisCO complex
+ cellular_component
+ A complex containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane-derived thylakoid ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ RubisCO complex (sensu Cyanobacteria)
+ ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex (sensu Cyanobacteria)
+ A complex, located in the plasma membrane-derived thylakoid, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits. It carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ plasma membrane ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatophore ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex, located in the chromatophore, containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
+ ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex (sensu Proteobacteria, Chloroflexaceae and Chlorobiaceae)
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ RubisCO complex (sensu Proteobacteria)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of organ identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the identity of an organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of floral organ identity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the identity of a floral organ is maintained. Identity is considered to be the aggregate of characteristics by which a structure is recognized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of petal orientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that determines the orientation of petals with reference to the central axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle membrane organization
+
+ synaptic vesicle membrane organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
+ biological_process
+ synaptic vesicle membrane organisation and biogenesis
+ SLMV biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal recognition particle
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Wikipedia:Signal_recognition_particle
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+ A complex of protein and RNA which facilitates translocation of proteins across membranes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal recognition particle, plasma membrane targeting
+
+ signal recognition particle (sensu Bacteria and Archaea)
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to or across the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of timing of organ formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process controlling the point in time during development when an organ will form, and/or the rate at which organ formation occurs.
+ biological_process
+ timing of organ biosynthesis
+ timing of organ formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of timing of cell differentiation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ timing of cell differentiation
+ The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of timing of meristematic phase transition
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process controlling the point in time during development when a meristem will change its identity, and/or the rate at which the change occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meristem development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic meristem development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of meristem development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meristem development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the meristem over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of timing of transition from vegetative to reproductive phase
+
+ biological_process
+ The process controlling the point in time during development when a vegetative meristem will change its identity to become an inflorescence or floral meristem, and/or the rate at which the change occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhythmic process
+
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.
+ rhythm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian behavior
+
+
+ biological_process
+ circadian rhythm behavior
+ The specific actions or reactions of an organism that recur with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organ development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Organogenesis
+ Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
+ development of an organ
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood vessel morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of blood vessels are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermatid differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a spermatid cell.
+ biological_process
+ spermatid cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of biological process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0043119
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
+ up regulation of biological process
+ activation of biological process
+ upregulation of biological process
+ positive regulation of physiological process
+ stimulation of biological process
+ up-regulation of biological process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of biological process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of biological process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
+ down-regulation of biological process
+ GO:0043118
+ inhibition of biological process
+ down regulation of biological process
+ negative regulation of physiological process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of behavior
+ stimulation of behavior
+ activation of behavior
+ up regulation of behavior
+ upregulation of behavior
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of behavior
+ down-regulation of behavior
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli.
+ downregulation of behavior
+ down regulation of behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of cellular process
+ GO:0051242
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of cellular process
+ up regulation of cellular process
+ up-regulation of cellular process
+ stimulation of cellular process
+ positive regulation of cellular physiological process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of cellular process
+ GO:0051243
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of cellular process
+ downregulation of cellular process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
+ negative regulation of cellular physiological process
+ down regulation of cellular process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of viral reproduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of viral life cycle
+ upregulation of viral life cycle
+ positive regulation of viral life cycle
+ activation of viral life cycle
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of viral life cycle
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the viral life cycle, the set of processes by which a virus reproduces and spreads among hosts.
+ up regulation of viral life cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of viral reproduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the viral life cycle, the set of processes by which a virus reproduces and spreads among hosts.
+ inhibition of viral life cycle
+ negative regulation of viral life cycle
+ down regulation of viral life cycle
+ downregulation of viral life cycle
+ down-regulation of viral life cycle
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived wing expansion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of expanding or inflating the folded imaginal disc-derived pupal wing, and the adhering of the dorsal and ventral surfaces, to form the mature adult wing.
+ biological_process
+ wing inflation
+ wing expansion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral root development
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A lateral root is one formed from pericycle cells located on the xylem radius of the root, as opposed to the initiation of the main root from the embryo proper.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic root development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the post-embryonic root over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fruit morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a fruit are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A fruit is a reproductive body of a seed plant.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anatomical structure arrangement
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
+ anatomical structure organization
+ anatomical structure structural organization
+ organization of an anatomical structure
+ structural organization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporocyte differentiation
+
+ sporocyte morphogenesis
+ sporocyte development
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized floral cell acquires the specialized features of a sporocyte. Sporocytes are the haploid spores of angiosperms. Once formed, they undergo meiotic divisions to form microspores and megaspores.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemopoietic or lymphoid organ development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of any organ involved in hemopoiesis or lymphoid cell activation over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Such development includes differentiation of resident cell types (stromal cells) and of migratory cell types dependent on the unique microenvironment afforded by the organ for their proper differentiation.
+ haemopoietic or lymphoid organ development
+ haematopoietic or lymphoid organ development
+ hematopoietic or lymphoid organ development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph node development
+
+ biological_process
+ lymph gland development (sensu Vertebrata)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lymph nodes over time, from their formation to the mature structure. A lymph node is a round, oval, or bean shaped structure localized in clusters along the lymphatic vessels, with a distinct internal structure including specialized vasculature and B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spleen development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue development
+
+ BALT development
+ nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of mucosal- associated lymphoid tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue is typically found as nodules associated with mucosal epithelia with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
+ GALT development
+ gut-associated lymphoid tissue development
+ bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue development
+ biological_process
+ NALT development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thymus development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is reserved for annotation of gene products involved in the formation of the thymus itself, not for gene products involved in T cell differentiation in the thymus or elsewhere.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bone marrow development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bursa development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bursa over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The bursa is an organ found in birds involved in B cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Peyer's patch development
+
+ gut-associated lymphoid tissue development
+ biological_process
+ GALT development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of Peyer's patches over time, from their formation to the mature structure. Peyer's patches are typically found as nodules associated with gut epithelium with distinct internal structures including B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymph gland development
+
+
+ haematopoietic organ development (sensu Arthropoda)
+ lymph gland development (sensu Arthropoda)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lymph gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lymph gland is one of the sites of hemocyte differentiation. It consists of three to six bilaterally paired lobes that are attached to the cardioblasts during larval stages, and it degenerates during pupal stages.
+ biological_process
+ haemopoietic organ development (sensu Arthropoda)
+ hemopoietic organ development (sensu Arthropoda)
+ hematopoietic organ development (sensu Arthropoda)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytochrome chromophore biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the phytochrome chromophore. The phytochrome chromophore is a linear tetrapyrrolic prosthetic group covalently attached to the large soluble protein phytochrome. Light absorption by the phytochrome chromophore triggers photoconversion between two spectrally distinct forms of the photoreceptor: Pr, the red light absorbing form, and Pfr, the far red light absorbing form.
+ biological_process
+ phytochrome chromophore anabolism
+ phytochrome chromophore synthesis
+ phytochrome chromophore formation
+ phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recognition of pollen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recognition or rejection of self pollen
+ pollen recognition
+ self incompatibility
+ biological_process
+ GO:0009857
+ The process, involving the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes, involved in the recognition or rejection of the self pollen by cells in the stigma. This process ensures out-breeding in certain plant species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to steroid hormone stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ digestive tract morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the tube extending from the mouth to the anus, including the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
+ biological_process
+ alimentary canal morphogenesis
+ digestive tube morphogenesis
+ gastrointestinal tract morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gut morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the gut are generated and organized. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus.
+ intestinal morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pinocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process whereby cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of pinocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of pinocytosis
+ up regulation of pinocytosis
+ up-regulation of pinocytosis
+ upregulation of pinocytosis
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process whereby cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.
+ stimulation of pinocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of pinocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of pinocytosis
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of pinocytosis
+ down regulation of pinocytosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pinocytosis. Pinocytosis is the process whereby cells take in liquid material from their external environment; literally 'cell drinking'. Liquid is enclosed in vesicles, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell and pass their contents to endosomes.
+ inhibition of pinocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of metalloenzyme activity
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a metalloenzyme. A metalloenzyme is any enzyme that contains metal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of metalloenzyme activity
+
+
+ down-regulation of metalloenzyme activity
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of metalloenzyme activity
+ down regulation of metalloenzyme activity
+ inhibition of metalloenzyme activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a metalloenzyme. A metalloenzyme is any enzyme that contains metal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of metalloenzyme activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of metalloenzyme activity
+ activation of metalloenzyme activity
+ up-regulation of metalloenzyme activity
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate activity of a metalloenzyme. A metalloenzyme is any enzyme that contains metal.
+ up regulation of metalloenzyme activity
+ upregulation of metalloenzyme activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generative cell nucleus
+
+ The nucleus of the generative cell, a cell contained within the pollen grain that will divide to produce two haploid sperm cells.
+ sperm cell nucleus (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ cellular_component
+ male germ cell nucleus (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microsporocyte nucleus
+
+ pollen mother cell nucleus
+ cellular_component
+ The nucleus of the microsporocyte. The microsporocyte is a diploid cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in four microspores. A microspore is a spore that, in vascular plants, gives rise to a male gametophyte.
+ microspore mother cell nucleus
+ GO:0043074
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the tube extending from the mouth to the anus, including the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic gut morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the gut are generated and organized during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of floral organ orientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that determines the orientation of the floral organs with reference to the central axis of the flower.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of anatomical structure orientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that determines the orientation of an anatomical structure with reference to an axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of organ orientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that determines the orientation of an organ or tissue with reference to an axis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic organ morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic organ morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Morphogenesis, during the post-embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis pertains to process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem I assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0010251
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a photosystem I complex on the thylakoid membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gut development
+
+ biological_process
+ intestine development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus.
+ intestinal development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic gut development
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectodermal gut morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal gut are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The ectodermal gut includes those portions of the gut that are derived from ectoderm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic organ development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
+ embryonic organogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic organ development
+
+ post-embryonic organogenesis
+ biological_process
+ Development, taking place during the post-embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ notochord morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the notochord are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The notochord is a mesoderm-derived structure located ventral of the developing nerve cord. In vertebrates, the notochord serves as a core around which other mesodermal cells form the vertebrae. In the most primitive chordates, which lack vertebrae, the notochord persists as a substitute for a vertebral column.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long-day photoperiodism
+
+ response to short-night
+ response to long-day
+ biological_process
+ short-night photoperiodism
+ response to long-day photoperiod
+ A change in state or activity of the organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that exceeds a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ short-day photoperiodism
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of the organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a day length that falls short of a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 hours minus the critical day length.
+ response to short-day
+ long-night photoperiodism
+ response to long-night
+ response to short-day photoperiod
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoperiodic control of flowering time
+ response to photoperiod, flowering
+ response to night length, flowering
+ biological_process
+ response to day length, flowering
+ photoperiodic control of inflorescence development
+ A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length. The length of the period of light or dark required to initiate the change is set relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+ A change from the vegetative to the reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that exceeds the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is long-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness falls short of the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.
+ biological_process
+ response to long-day, flowering
+ long-day photoperiodic control of flowering
+ long-day photoperiodic control of inflorescence development
+ response to short-night, flowering
+ long-day photoperiodic control of flowering time
+ short-night photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+ long-night photoperiodism, flowering
+ biological_process
+ short-day photoperiodic control of flowering time
+ response to short-day, flowering
+ A change from vegetative to reproductive phase as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light that falls short of the critical day length. The critical day length varies between species. Although the term is short-day is used, most species actually respond to the duration of the night, so that the response will occur when a period of darkness exceeds the number of hours defined by 24 minus the critical day length.
+ short-day photoperiodic control of flowering
+ short-day photoperiodic control of inflorescence development
+ response to long-night, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ up-regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ upregulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
+ up regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ downregulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ inhibition of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
+ stimulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ up regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ upregulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ activation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
+ down regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ downregulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+ down-regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of post-embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of post-embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of post-embryonic development
+ downregulation of post-embryonic development
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.
+ down-regulation of post-embryonic development
+ down regulation of post-embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of post-embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of post-embryonic development. Post-embryonic development is defined as the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure.
+ up-regulation of post-embryonic development
+ activation of post-embryonic development
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of post-embryonic development
+ upregulation of post-embryonic development
+ up regulation of post-embryonic development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of response to stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of response to stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
+ up regulation of response to stimulus
+ upregulation of response to stimulus
+ biological_process
+ activation of response to stimulus
+ up-regulation of response to stimulus
+ stimulation of response to stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of response to stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of response to stimulus
+ down regulation of response to stimulus
+ down-regulation of response to stimulus
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of response to stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of long-day photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of long-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of short-day photoperiodism, flowering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of short-day photoperiodism, where the response associated with the photoperiodism is flowering. Flowering is defined by the switch from the vegetative to the reproductive phase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ developmental cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The growth of a cell, where growth contributes to the progression of the cell over time from one condition to another.
+ developmental growth of a unicellular organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ developmental growth
+
+
+ The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-developmental growth
+
+ biological_process
+ The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass is does not have the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-developmental cell growth
+
+
+ biological_process
+ non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism
+ The growth of a cell prior to division, where the growth does not change the cell from one condition to another condition over time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ GO:0048748
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ camera-type eye morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0048594
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.
+ eye morphogenesis (sensu Mammalia)
+ GO:0048595
+ eye morphogenesis (sensu Vertebrata)
+ camera-style eye morphogenesis
+ eye morphogenesis (sensu Actinopterygii)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during embryonic development. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+ embryonic eye morphogenesis (sensu Actinopterygii)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ post-embryonic eye morphogenesis (sensu Actinopterygii)
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during post-embryonic development. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ post-embryonic camera-style eye morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.
+ embryonic morphogenesis (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ biological_process
+ GO:0048828
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into an oocyte.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the structures of an oocyte are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of an oocyte.
+ oocyte morphogenesis during differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive structure development
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive process in a multicellular organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ organismal reproductive process
+ The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive cellular process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular or single-celled organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic ectodermal gut development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic ectodermal gut development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectodermal gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic ectodermal gut morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal gut are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic ectodermal gut morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the ectodermal gut are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic anterior midgut (ectodermal) morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the anterior midgut (ectodermal) are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic foregut morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic foregut morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic hindgut morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic hindgut morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the hindgut are generated and organized, during the post-embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic gut morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process, occurring during the post-embryonic phase, by which the anatomical structures of the gut are generated and organized. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seed germination on parent plant
+
+ pre-harvest sprouting
+ biological_process
+ vivipary (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ non-vegetative vivipary (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ The process by which a seed germinates before being shed from the parent plant.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plantlet formation on parent plant
+
+
+
+ vivipary (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ biological_process
+ vegetative vivipary (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ The process whereby a new plantlet develops from a meristem on the plant body. As part of this process, when the plantlet is large enough to live independently, the physical connection between the new plantlet and the main plant is severed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a myoblast cell. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a myoblast cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a myoblast to attain its fully functional state. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichome patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichome patterning (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ trichome pattern specification (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ trichome distribution (sensu Magnoliophyta)
+ trichome spacing
+ The regionalization process of establishing the non-random spatial arrangement of trichomes on the surface and margin of a leaf. Process involves signaling between adjacent epidermal cells that results in differentiation of some epidermal cells into trichomes.
+ trichome pattern biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ trichome pattern formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle tissue growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The increase in size or mass of a skeletal muscle. This may be due to a change in the fiber number or size.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of skeletal muscle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of skeletal muscle growth
+ down regulation of skeletal muscle growth
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle growth.
+ downregulation of skeletal muscle growth
+ down-regulation of skeletal muscle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of skeletal muscle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of skeletal muscle growth
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of skeletal muscle growth
+ activation of skeletal muscle growth
+ up-regulation of skeletal muscle growth
+ stimulation of skeletal muscle growth
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of muscle development
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle development.
+ down-regulation of muscle development
+ downregulation of muscle development
+ inhibition of muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of muscle development
+ upregulation of muscle development
+ stimulation of muscle development
+ up regulation of muscle development
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of muscle development.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of developmental growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of developmental growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of developmental growth
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth.
+ up regulation of developmental growth
+ up-regulation of developmental growth
+ upregulation of developmental growth
+ stimulation of developmental growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of developmental growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of developmental growth
+ down regulation of developmental growth
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth.
+ inhibition of developmental growth
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of developmental growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development.
+ down-regulation of skeletal muscle development
+ down regulation of skeletal muscle development
+ inhibition of skeletal muscle development
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of skeletal muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of skeletal muscle development
+ activation of skeletal muscle development
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development.
+ stimulation of skeletal muscle development
+ upregulation of skeletal muscle development
+ up-regulation of skeletal muscle development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle organ morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of muscle are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organ formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process pertaining to the initial formation of an organ from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure, such as inductive events, and ends when the structural rudiment of the organ is recognizable, such as a condensation of mesenchymal cells into the organ rudiment. Organs are a natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole. The heart and lungs are organs of animals, and the petal and leaf are organs of plants. In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ.
+ biological_process
+ initiation of an organ primordium
+ organ primordium initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of an anatomical structure involved in morphogenesis
+ The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyphenic determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caste determination
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental and/or genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caste determination, influence by genetic factors
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to genetic cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caste determination, influence by environmental factors
+
+
+ The process by which individuals, having the potential to develop any of several distinct developmental paths, have their individual developmental fate determined in response to environmental cues. Individuals with distinct developmental fates perform different functions in a colony of social insects.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyphenic determination, influence by environmental factors
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to environmental cues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyphenic determination, influence by genetic factors
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which individuals that have the potential to develop any of several possible distinct developmental paths have their individual developmental fates determined in response to genetic cues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anther development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anther morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the anther are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tapetal layer morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tapetum morphogenesis
+ differentiation of tapetal layer
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the tapetal layer are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tapetal layer formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that gives rise to the tapetal layer. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.
+ tapetum formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tapetal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a tapetal cell. The tapetum is a layer of cells that provides a source of nutrition for the pollen grains as they mature.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tapetal layer development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tapetum development
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tapetal layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle cell proliferation
+
+ SMC proliferation
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of smooth muscle cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of SMC proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+ up regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+ stimulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+ activation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of SMC proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
+ negative regulation of SMC proliferation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+ downregulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+ inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+ down regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron.
+ neuron lineage restriction
+ biological_process
+ GO:0042055
+ neuronal lineage restriction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ neuron morphogenesis involved in differentiation
+ The process by which the structures of a neuron are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a neuron.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collateral sprouting
+
+ The process by which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of collateral sprouting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of collateral sprouting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of collateral sprouting
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.
+ down-regulation of collateral sprouting
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of collateral sprouting
+ down regulation of collateral sprouting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of collateral sprouting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of collateral sprouting
+ up regulation of collateral sprouting
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of collateral sprouting
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting.
+ stimulation of collateral sprouting
+ activation of collateral sprouting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+
+
+ The process by which outgrowths develop from the axons of intact undamaged neurons as a result of injury to an axon. The collateral sprouts typically appear from undamaged axons in a tissue which has had part of its nerve supply removed, and they can often innervate successfully any cells that have lost some or all of their original synaptic input.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collateral sprouting of injured axon
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process resulting in reformation of a growth cone by the tip of an injured axon, or in collateral sprouting of the axon. Collateral sprouting is the process by which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon extension
+
+ biological_process
+ Long distance growth of a single process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon extension involved in development
+
+ Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in cellular development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon extension involved in regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Long distance growth of a single axon process involved in regeneration of the neuron.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to axon injury
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of axon regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of axon regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of axon regeneration
+ upregulation of axon regeneration
+ up-regulation of axon regeneration
+ stimulation of axon regeneration
+ up regulation of axon regeneration
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon regeneration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of axon regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.
+ down regulation of axon regeneration
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of axon regeneration
+ inhibition of axon regeneration
+ down-regulation of axon regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sprouting of injured axon
+
+ biological_process
+ The process involved in sprouting of an injured axon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.
+ activation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+ up-regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+ up regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+ stimulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an intact axon as a result of injury to an axon.
+ down regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+ inhibition of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sprouting of injured axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sprouting of injured axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of sprouting of injured axon
+ up-regulation of sprouting of injured axon
+ stimulation of sprouting of injured axon
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of sprouting of an injured axon.
+ up regulation of sprouting of injured axon
+ upregulation of sprouting of injured axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sprouting of injured axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of sprouting of injured axon
+ down regulation of sprouting of injured axon
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sprouting of an injured axon.
+ down-regulation of sprouting of injured axon
+ downregulation of sprouting of injured axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of growth cone in injured axon
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a growth cone in an injured axon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of axon extension involved in regeneration.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
+ up-regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
+ activation of axon extension involved in regeneration
+ up regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of axon extension involved in regeneration
+ downregulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in regeneration.
+ down-regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
+ down regulation of axon extension involved in regeneration
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+ up-regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.
+ activation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+ upregulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+ downregulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting of an injured axon.
+ down regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+ down-regulation of collateral sprouting of injured axon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+ up-regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.
+ stimulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+ activation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+ up regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+ down-regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+ downregulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury.
+ down regulation of collateral sprouting in the absence of injury
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generation of neurons
+
+ The process by which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acquisition of desiccation tolerance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a seed acquires tolerance to severe drying, before entering into a dry, either dormant or quiescent state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis
+
+ embryonic cranium morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic neurocranium morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic chondrocranium morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of neurocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The neurocranium is the portion of the vertebrate skull surrounding the brain.
+ biological_process
+ embryonic braincase morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic viscerocranium morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of viscerocranium are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The viscerocranium is the part of the skull comprising the facial bones.
+ biological_process
+ embryonic pharyngeal skeleton morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic skeletal morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal system morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+ skeletal morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic skeletal system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ embryonic skeletal development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ instar larval or pupal morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process, occurring during instar larval or pupal development, by which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+ larval or pupal morphogenesis (sensu Insecta)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligodendrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of astrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of astrocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of astrocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
+ upregulation of astrocyte differentiation
+ up-regulation of astrocyte differentiation
+ activation of astrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of astrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of astrocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of astrocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of astrocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
+ down regulation of astrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+ activation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
+ up regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
+ down regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+ down-regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of oligodendrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ labrum morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of labrum are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior cibarial plate morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of anterior cibarial plate are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fish trap bristle morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of fish trap bristle are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epistomal sclerite morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of epistomal sclerite are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior cibarial plate morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of posterior cibarial plate are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clypeus morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of clypeus are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior cibarial plate development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior cibarial plate over time, from their formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clypeus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the clypeus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The clypeus is the shield-shaped plate on an insect's head.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epistomal sclerite development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epistomal sclerite over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fish trap bristle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fish trap bristle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ labrum development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the labrum over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior cibarial plate development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior cibarial plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proboscis development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0016349
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the proboscis over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tissue morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermis morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of a plant or animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gland development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A gland is an organ specialised for secretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sebaceous gland development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sebaceous gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proboscis morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the proboscis are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The proboscis is the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult head.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ haltere morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a haltere are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ appendage development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism. For example a limb or a branch.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived appendage development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an appendage over time, from its formation in the imaginal disc to the mature structure. An appendage is an organ or part that is attached to the trunk of an organism.
+ appendage development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle tissue development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ heart muscle development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle fibre development
+ biological_process
+ heart muscle fiber development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal myofibre development
+ skeletal muscle fibre development
+ skeletal myofiber development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeletal muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of skeletal myofibre development
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of skeletal myofiber development
+ regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
+ positive regulation of skeletal myofiber development
+ up regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
+ stimulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
+ positive regulation of skeletal myofibre development
+ positive regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development
+ activation of skeletal muscle fiber development
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
+ upregulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of skeletal muscle fibre development
+ down regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
+ negative regulation of skeletal myofiber development
+ inhibition of skeletal muscle fiber development
+ downregulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
+ negative regulation of skeletal myofibre development
+ down-regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle tissue development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle fiber over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
+ biological_process
+ myofibre development
+ myofiber development
+ muscle fibre development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye development
+
+ biological_process
+ eye development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ insect-type retina development
+ GO:0007456
+ compound eye development (sensu Endopterygota)
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the compound eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound eye corneal lens morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the compound eye corneal lens are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ corneal lens morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ semicircular canal morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the semicircular canals are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ embryonic semicircular canal morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment granule organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ pigment granule organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule.
+ goslim_pir
+ pigment granule organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branching morphogenesis of a tube
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of branches in a tube are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branching morphogenesis of a nerve
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sieve cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a sieve cell. A sieve cell is a type of sieve element that has relatively undifferentiated sieve areas (with narrow pores). The sieve areas are rather uniform in structure on all walls; that is, there are no sieve plates. Typical of gymnosperms and lower vascular plants. The sieve element is the cell in the phloem tissue concerned with mainly longitudinal conduction of food materials.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment granule maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Steps required to form a membrane-bounded organelle into a pigment granule containing pigment. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ companion cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a companion cell. The companion cell is the specialized parenchyma cell associated with a sieve-tube member in angiosperm phloem and arising from the same mother cell as the sieve-tube member.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vessel member cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vessel element cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vessel member cell. A vessel member cell is one of the components of a vessel in the xylem. It is a dead cell with the wall between adjacent members being variously perforated and the walls that persist variously thickened.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parenchymal cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a parenchymal cell. Parenchymal cells are the most abundant and versatile cells in plants. They have very few distinguishing characteristics and botanists classify them as any cell type that cannot be assigned to any other structural or functional class. They can redifferentiate and dedifferentiate and are involved in storage, basic metabolism and other processes. The cells are polyhedral, typically with thin, non-lignified cellulose cell walls and nucleate living protoplasts. They vary in size, form, and wall structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collenchyma cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a collenchyma cell. This is a plant cell in which the primary cell walls are unevenly thickened, with most thickening occurring at the cell corners. Cells are living and able to grow, they are elongated, and lignin and secondary walls absent. Collenchyma cells make up collenchyma tissue which acts as a supporting tissue in growing shoots, leaves and petioles. This tissue is often arranged in cortical ribs, as seen prominently in celery and rhubarb petioles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichoblast maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a trichoblast cell to attain its fully functional state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root hair cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a root hair cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root hair initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a protrusion or bulge is formed at the site of plant root hair outgrowth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root hair elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the root hair grows longer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root hair cell tip growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root hair tip growth
+ biological_process
+ Localized growth of a plant root hair tip by extension of the cell wall.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcomerogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which sarcomeres are added in series within a fiber.
+ myofibril production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment granule
+
+ cellular_component
+ A small, subcellular membrane-bounded vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tissue remodeling
+
+ biological_process
+ The reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. This process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucophore differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a leucophore cell. Leucophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain uric acid or other purine crystals, deposited in stacks called leucosomes. This gives them a white appearance.
+ leucophore cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythrophore differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an erythrophore cell. Erythrophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or erythrosomes. This gives them an orange to red appearance.
+ erythrophore cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyanophore differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a cyanophore cell. Cyanophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain a blue pigment of unknown chemical composition. The pigment is stored in fibrous organelles termed cyanosomes.
+ cyanophore cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of leucophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of leucophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of leucophore differentiation
+ downregulation of leucophore differentiation
+ down-regulation of leucophore differentiation
+ inhibition of leucophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of leucophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leucophore differentiation.
+ stimulation of leucophore differentiation
+ upregulation of leucophore differentiation
+ up regulation of leucophore differentiation
+ activation of leucophore differentiation
+ up-regulation of leucophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of erythrophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of erythrophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of erythrophore differentiation
+ down-regulation of erythrophore differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.
+ down regulation of erythrophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of erythrophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of erythrophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of erythrophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of erythrophore differentiation
+ activation of erythrophore differentiation
+ up regulation of erythrophore differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrophore differentiation.
+ stimulation of erythrophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cyanophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyanophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of cyanophore differentiation
+ down regulation of cyanophore differentiation
+ down-regulation of cyanophore differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.
+ downregulation of cyanophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cyanophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of cyanophore differentiation
+ activation of cyanophore differentiation
+ up-regulation of cyanophore differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyanophore differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of cyanophore differentiation
+ upregulation of cyanophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment biosynthetic process during pigment granule maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, during the process by which a membrane-bounded organelle develops into a pigment granule. Maturation is a developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell or structure to attain its fully functional state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hatching gland development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hatching gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ presynaptic active zone
+
+ A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, synaptic vesicles, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ presynaptic active zone membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active zone presynaptic plasma membrane
+ The membrane portion of the presynaptic active zone; it is the site where docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles occurs for the release of neurotransmitters.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ presynaptic cytoskeletal matrix assembled at active zones
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The specialized cytoskeletal matrix assembled at the active zones of the presynaptic nerve terminal. The cytoskeletal matrix is a proteinaceous structure involved in organizing synaptic events such as immobilisation or translocation of synaptic vesicles, and assembling active zone components. The cytomatrix protein exclusively assembled at active zones, is thought to form a molecular scaffold that organizes neurotransmitter release sites.
+ CAZ
+ presynaptic cytomatrix assembled at active zones
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoskeletal matrix organization at active zone
+
+ The assembly and arrangement of cytomatrix proteins to form complexes in the cell cortex beneath the active zone, i.e. just beneath the presynaptic plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure
+
+ The process by which a neuronal cell maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and dock of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium ion-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
+
+ The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, where the release step is dependent on the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+). The neurotransmitter is contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle, and is released by fusion of the vesicle with the presynaptic plasma membrane of a nerve cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium ion-independent exocytosis of neurotransmitter
+
+ biological_process
+ The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, where the release step is independent of the presence of calcium ions (Ca2+). The neurotransmitter is contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle, and is released by fusion of the vesicle with the presynaptic plasma membrane of a nerve cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pronephros development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pronephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pronephros is the first of the embryonic kidneys to be established and is the simplest vertebrate excretory organ.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ swim bladder development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the swim bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
+ biological_process
+ gas bladder development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ swim bladder morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the swim bladder is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
+ gas bladder morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ swim bladder maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a swim bladder to attain its fully functional state. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
+ gas bladder maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ swim bladder formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gas bladder formation
+ gas bladder biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The process that gives rise to the swim bladder. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ swim bladder inflation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The expansion of the swim bladder by trapped gases. The swim bladder is used by some fishes to maintain buoyancy and may function in addition as a sound producing organ, a sound receptor, and a respiratory organ.
+ gas bladder inflation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organ maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for an organ to attain its fully functional state. An organ is a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antennal morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of antenna are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antennal joint morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the antennal joint are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ notum morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of dorsal part of the body are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived male genitalia morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male genital morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ male genitalia morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived female genitalia morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized from the genital disc. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ female genitalia morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ female genital morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imaginal disc-derived genitalia morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genitalia morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized from the genital imaginal disc. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ genital morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ genitalia development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ genital development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female genitalia morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female genital morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of female genitalia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male genitalia morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male genital morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of male genitalia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ analia morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of analia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. As in, but not restricted to, the Holometabola (Endopterygota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33392).
+ biological_process
+ analia morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female analia morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the analia of the female are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. As in, but not restricted to, the Holometabola (Endopterygota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33392).
+ female analia morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male analia morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male analia morphogenesis (sensu Endopterygota)
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the analia of the male are generated and organized. The analia is the posterior-most vertral appendage that develops from the genital disc. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. As in, but not restricted to, the Holometabola (Endopterygota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33392).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron projection morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurite formation
+ neurite morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.
+ neurite biosynthesis
+ neurite growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendrite morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of dendrite are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hermaphrodite genitalia morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of hermaphrodite genitalia are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ocellus morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the ocellus are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The ocellus is a simple visual organ of insects.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hair follicle maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of hair follicle maturation
+ down regulation of hair follicle maturation
+ inhibition of hair follicle maturation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.
+ down-regulation of hair follicle maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hair follicle maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of hair follicle maturation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.
+ up-regulation of hair follicle maturation
+ activation of hair follicle maturation
+ upregulation of hair follicle maturation
+ stimulation of hair follicle maturation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hair follicle maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle maturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hair follicle maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a hair follicle to attain its fully functional state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erythrocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ red blood cell development
+ biological_process
+ The process aimed at the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ RBC development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enucleate erythrocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enucleate RBC development
+ enucleate red blood cell development
+ The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleate erythrocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleate RBC development
+ The process aimed at the progression of a nucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ nucleate red blood cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment cell precursor differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a pigment cell precursor.
+ chromatophore precursor differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cotyledon development
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cotyledon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cotyledon morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the cotyledon are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The cotyledon is the modified leaf (seed leaf), found as part of the embryo in plant seeds. It is involved in either storage or absorption of food reserves. Dicotyledonous seeds contain two cotyledons, while monocotyledonous seeds contain only one. The cotyledons may appear above ground and show photosynthetic activity in the seedling.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phyllome development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a phyllome over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A phyllome is a collective term for all the different types of leaves appearing on plants.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ root cap development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the root cap over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The root cap protects the root meristem from friction as the root grows through the soil. The cap is made up of a group of parenchyma cells which secrete a glycoprotein mucilage as a lubricant.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adventitious root development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adventitious root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adventitious roots are post-embryonic roots that develop from the plant shoot.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of shoot development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of shoot development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of organ number
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regionalization process that modulates the quantity of a particular type of organ.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of floral organ number
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the number of floral organs formed in a floral whorl.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of petal number
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the number of petals formed in a flower.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of decreased petal number
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that reduces the number of petals produced in a developing flower.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of increased petal number
+
+ Any process that increases the number of petals produced in a developing flower.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sorus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ spore head biosynthesis
+ sorus formation
+ sorus biosynthesis
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the sorus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A sorus is a mass of spores.
+ spore head formation
+ spore head morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ release of seed from dormancy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the dormant state is broken in a seed. Dormancy is characterized by a suspension of physiological activity that can be reactivated upon release.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner ear development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ otolith development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the otolith over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+ upregulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+ stimulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+ activation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+ inhibition of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension involved in axon guidance.
+ down-regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+ down regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ artery morphogenesis
+
+ arterial morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of arterial blood vessels are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body and its organs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ venous blood vessel morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart.
+ vein morphogenesis
+ venous morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axon extension involved in axon guidance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The long distance growth of a single cell process, that is involved in the migration of an axon growth cone, where the migration is directed to a specific target site by a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenohypophysis formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenophysis biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ anterior pituitary formation
+ anterior pituitary gland biosynthesis
+ anterior pituitary biosynthesis
+ The process that gives rise to adenohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.
+ anterior pituitary gland formation
+ adenophysis formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurohypophysis morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior pituitary gland morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of neurohypophysis are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.
+ posterior pituitary morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ neurophysis morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurohypophysis formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior pituitary biosynthesis
+ posterior pituitary formation
+ The process that gives rise to neurohypophysis. This process pertains to the initial formation of a structure from unspecified parts. The neurohypophysis is the part of the pituitary gland that secretes hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.
+ neurophysis biosynthesis
+ posterior pituitary gland biosynthesis
+ neurophysis formation
+ posterior pituitary gland formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypophysis morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pituitary gland morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypophysis formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the hypophysis are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The hypophysis is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
+ pituitary gland biosynthesis
+ pituitary gland formation
+ hypophysis biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diencephalon morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of diencephalon are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forebrain morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prosencephalon morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brain morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of brain are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenohypophysis morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the adenohypophysis are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.
+ adenophysis morphogenesis
+ anterior pituitary morphogenesis
+ anterior pituitary gland morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anatomical structure development
+
+ biological_process
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ development of an anatomical structure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neural nucleus development
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neural nucleus from its initial condition to its mature state. A neural nucleus is an anatomical structure consisting of a discrete aggregate of neuronal soma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell projection morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a cell projection are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of anatomical boundary
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the limits of an anatomical structure are generated. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glioblast cell division
+
+ biological_process
+ The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a glioblast into daughter cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a leukemia inhibitory factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ leukemia inhibitory factor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stem cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Stem_cell_differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stem cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the stem cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to its specific fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stem cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a stem cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stem cell fate specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway. Upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stem cell fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a stem cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen tube development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pollen tube over time, from its initial formation to a mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular developmental process
+
+
+ A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cell over time from an initial condition to a later condition.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell motility
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in the controlled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium at the level of the multicellular organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homeostasis of number of cells
+
+ homeostasis of cell number
+ biological_process
+ Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium of cell number within a population of cells.
+ cell population homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue
+
+
+ Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium of cell number within a population of cells in a tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homeostasis of number of cells in a free-living population
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The biological process involved in maintaining the equilibrium of cell number within a population of free-living cells such as the bacteria in the gut.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemical homeostasis within a tissue
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of the internal equilibrium of the amount of a chemical at the level of the tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemical homeostasis within retina
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of the internal equilibrium of the amount of a chemical at the level of the retina.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homeostasis of number of retina cells
+
+
+ Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium of cell number within a population of cells in the retina.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemical homeostasis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of a chemical.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory system development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sensory system over time from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mechanosensory lateral line system development
+
+ LL system development
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mechanosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mechanosensory lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral line development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ LL development
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear and between the eye and ear.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromast primordium migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The migration of a cluster of relatively undifferentiated cells originating at specific cephalic placodes and depositing proneuromasts along a developing lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.
+ lateral line primordium migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromast development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory organ of the lateral line and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromasts are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromast deposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in a developing lateral line.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromast hair cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast hair cell. Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cupula development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromast mantle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromast support cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral line ganglion development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gLL ganglion development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear and behind the ear.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lateral line ganglion neuron.
+ gLL neuron differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral line nerve development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. Lateral line nerves project primarily to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.
+ nLL development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ afferent axon development in a lateral line nerve
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in any lateral line nerve.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ efferent axon development in a lateral line nerve
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in a lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in any lateral line nerve.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell migration in a lateral line nerve
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The movement of glial cells along the axons in a lateral line nerve.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelination of lateral line nerve axons
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of a lateral line nerve.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ALL system development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated between the eye and the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the anterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The anterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians and are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project to the hindbrain. The anterior lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The anterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.
+ anterior LL development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ALL neuromast primordium migration
+ The migration of a cluster of relatively undifferentiated cells along the developing anterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line neuromast development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line neuromast deposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing anterior lateral line.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuromast hair cell. Neuromast hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line neuromast cupula development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an anterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line ganglion development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gALL development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the anterior lateral line ganglion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line nerve development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nALL development
+ ALLN development
+ rostral lateral line nerve development
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anterior lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. The anterior lateral line nerve contains efferent axons that innervate hair cells of the ALL and afferent axons that project to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain. The octavolateralis column consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ GO:0021734
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ afferent axon development in the anterior lateral line nerve
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ efferent axon development in the anterior lateral line nerve
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the anterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell migration in the anterior lateral line nerve
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The movement of glial cells along the axons in the anterior lateral line nerve.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelination of anterior lateral line nerve axons
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the anterior lateral line nerve.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PLL
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes, situated behind the ear, that give rise to both the neuromasts and the posterior lateral line sensory nerves that innervate the neuromasts. The posterior lateral line system consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head of all fishes and most amphibians. The neuromasts are innervated by several lateral line nerves, which project primarily to the hindbrain. The posterior mechanosensory lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line consists of small sensory patches (neuromasts) located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the body and trunk of all fishes and most amphibians. The posterior lateral line develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.
+ biological_process
+ PLL development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line ganglion development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gPLL development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line ganglion develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line nerve development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0021733
+ PLLN development
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line nerve over time, form its formation to the mature structure. The posterior lateral line nerve innervates hair cells of the PLL and projects to an octavolateralis column in the hindbrain that consists of the medial octavolateralis nucleus (MON), the caudal octavolateralis nucleus, and the magnocellular nucleus.
+ biological_process
+ caudal lateral line nerve development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line neuromast development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neuromast is the sensory receptor of the anterior lateral line system and is composed of a population of sensory hair cells, and nonsensory supporting cells and mantle cells. Neuromast are located superficially on the epithelium or in lateral line canals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line neuromast primordium migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PLL neuromast primordium migration
+ biological_process
+ The migration of a cluster of relatively undifferentiated cells along the developing posterior lateral line, originating from cranial ectodermal placodes situated behind the ear. The neuromast primordium deposits proneuromasts along the lateral line, from which the neuromasts will develop.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line neuromast cupula development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the posterior lateral line neuromast cupula over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cupula is secreted by mantle cells and the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells of the neuromast are embedded in it. The cupula provides a mechanical linkage between the hair cells and the external hydrodynamic environment. The cupula of superficial neuromasts grows continuously, while the height of the cupula of canal neuromasts is limited by canal diameter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line neuromast deposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a migrating neuromast primordium deposits clusters of undifferentiated cells (proneuromasts) along its migratory path in the developing posterior lateral line.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast hair cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast hair cell type or a set of cell of neuromast hair cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the neuromast and are located in a portion of the neuromast called the sensory strip. Each hair cell of the neuromast is morphologically polarized as a result of the relative position of the single kinocilium and the clusters of stereocilia on its apical surface. There are approximately seven hair cells within each neuromast, with each hair cell innervated by afferent and efferent neurons.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast mantle cell. (N.B. This may be development of neuromast mantle cell type or a set of cells of neuromast mantle cell type. This will involve the change of a cell or set of cells from one cell identity to another). Mantle cells are non-sensory cells that surround the sensory strip, separating the neuromast from the epidermis. Mantle cells secrete the cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all of the hair cells are embedded.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral line system development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lateral line system is a network of sensory organs (neuromasts) and lateral line nerves located superficially on the skin or just under the skin in fluid-filled canals on the head and body of all fishes and most amphibians. The lateral line system develops from cranial ectodermal placodes situated between the eye and ear.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electrosensory lateral line system development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the electrosensory lateral line system over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line neuromast support cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a posterior lateral line neuromast support cell. Support cells are non-sensory cells of the neuromast that extend between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; they are surrounded by mantle cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line ganglion neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron of the posterior lateral line ganglion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ efferent axon development in the posterior lateral line nerve
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an efferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the efferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glial cell migration in the posterior lateral line nerve
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The movement of glial cells along the axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line nerve glial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myelination of posterior lateral line nerve axons
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of compact myelin sheaths around the axons of the posterior lateral line nerve.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ afferent axon development in the posterior lateral line nerve
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an afferent axon in the posterior lateral line nerve over time from its formation to the mature structure. This process includes axonogenesis and pathfinding of the afferent axons in the posterior lateral line nerve.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral nervous system neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral nervous system neuron development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron whose cell body is located in the peripheral nervous system, from initial commitment of the cell to a neuronal fate, to the fully functional differentiated neuron.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peripheral nervous system neuron axonogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the peripheral nervous system. The axon carries action potential from the cell body towards target cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral line nerve glial cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process aimed at the progression of a lateral line glial cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the structure of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve is generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in a lateral line nerve.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line nerve glial cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the structures of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the anterior lateral line nerve.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line nerve glial cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process aimed at the progression of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior lateral line nerve glial cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the structures of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a glial cell in the posterior lateral line nerve.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome localization
+
+ establishment and maintenance of chromosome localization
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a chromosome is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ establishment and maintenance of chromosome position
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process
+
+
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+ Reactome:267031
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+ Reactome:256380
+ Reactome:290882
+ Reactome:262304
+ Reactome:204553
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:158849
+ Reactome:209997
+ phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate metabolism
+ Reactome:242408
+ Reactome:222340
+ Reactome:244632
+ Reactome:257018
+ Reactome:176606
+ Reactome:176609
+ Reactome:209980
+ Reactome:158468
+ Reactome:225018
+ Reactome:238018
+ Reactome:216730
+ Reactome:280441
+ Reactome:176604
+ Reactome:230038
+ Reactome:271288
+ biological_process
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+ Reactome:219351
+ Reactome:293200
+ Reactome:236992
+ Reactome:219350
+ Reactome:215070
+ Reactome:247658
+ Reactome:231705
+ phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate metabolic process
+ Reactome:176631
+ Reactome:234736
+ Reactome:275724
+ Reactome:292359
+ Reactome:249600
+ Reactome:226027
+ Reactome:174389
+ Reactome:281800
+ Reactome:212848
+ Reactome:250902
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+ Reactome:280421
+ Reactome:271290
+ Reactome:231829
+ Reactome:207637
+ Reactome:280891
+ Reactome:234263
+ Reactome:266079
+ 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate metabolic process
+ Reactome:205906
+ Reactome:228158
+ Reactome:204453
+ Reactome:245319
+ Reactome:211125
+ Reactome:238974
+ Reactome:265656
+ Reactome:238973
+ Reactome:292804
+ PAPS metabolic process
+ Reactome:265155
+ Reactome:207827
+ Reactome:205710
+ Reactome:176646
+ Reactome:222306
+ Reactome:291684
+ Reactome:238055
+ Reactome:228421
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+ Reactome:265648
+ Reactome:268969
+ Reactome:248733
+ Reactome:247388
+ Reactome:156584
+ Reactome:283826
+ Reactome:219111
+ Reactome:292576
+ PAPS metabolism
+ Reactome:291960
+ Reactome:292571
+ Reactome:209347
+ Reactome:288764
+ Reactome:284492
+ Reactome:266611
+ Reactome:266613
+ Reactome:279729
+ Reactome:245896
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+ Reactome:245320
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+ Reactome:220324
+ Reactome:176669
+ Reactome:292914
+ Reactome:292916
+ Reactome:272054
+ Reactome:176664
+ Reactome:176521
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate metabolism
+ Reactome:217133
+ Reactome:267899
+ Reactome:212501
+ Reactome:203616
+ Reactome:176588
+ Reactome:239772
+ Reactome:279648
+ Reactome:223249
+ Reactome:293436
+ Reactome:258930
+ Reactome:245979
+ Reactome:267165
+ Reactome:249571
+ Reactome:176585
+ Reactome:230948
+ Reactome:274831
+ Reactome:278034
+ Reactome:274830
+ Reactome:259908
+ Reactome:229998
+ Reactome:176494
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate metabolic process
+ Reactome:250429
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5340
+ Reactome:286463
+ Reactome:243500
+ Reactome:232927
+ Reactome:230935
+ Reactome:246727
+ Reactome:273962
+ Reactome:213560
+ Reactome:248986
+ Reactome:207161
+ Reactome:277376
+ Reactome:221402
+ Reactome:277378
+ Reactome:236371
+ Reactome:159358
+ Reactome:224343
+ Reactome:269813
+ Reactome:268970
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.
+ Reactome:220973
+ Reactome:210480
+ Reactome:203626
+ Reactome:292027
+ Reactome:212594
+ Reactome:248581
+ Reactome:267710
+ Reactome:282769
+ Reactome:255556
+ Reactome:219803
+ Reactome:225614
+ adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate metabolism
+ Reactome:224630
+ Reactome:273942
+ Reactome:293476
+ Reactome:283770
+ Reactome:256457
+ Reactome:272294
+ Reactome:253981
+ Reactome:279887
+ Reactome:243662
+ Reactome:174362
+ Reactome:236649
+ Reactome:260632
+ Reactome:221358
+ Reactome:263665
+ Reactome:213451
+ Reactome:293466
+ 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate metabolism
+ Reactome:263194
+ Reactome:253268
+ Reactome:242014
+ Reactome:289783
+ Reactome:203848
+ Reactome:273166
+ Reactome:293662
+ Reactome:244670
+ Reactome:219820
+ Reactome:268257
+ Reactome:206295
+ Reactome:289066
+ Reactome:280962
+ Reactome:273430
+ Reactome:290736
+ Reactome:293181
+ Reactome:233157
+ Reactome:243986
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate metabolism
+ Reactome:252398
+ Reactome:241127
+ adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate metabolic process
+ Reactome:241122
+ Reactome:268281
+ Reactome:158860
+ Reactome:203534
+ Reactome:176474
+ Reactome:223376
+ Reactome:211582
+ Reactome:239647
+ Reactome:273244
+ Reactome:293642
+ Reactome:209612
+ Reactome:209613
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthetic process
+ adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthesis
+ PAPS biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate, a naturally occurring mixed anhydride. It is an intermediate in the formation of a variety of sulfo compounds in biological systems.
+ phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate biosynthetic process
+ 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate biosynthesis
+ 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate biosynthetic process
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate formation
+ phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate biosynthesis
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate biosynthesis
+ PAPS biosynthetic process
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthesis
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate biosynthesis
+ 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catecholamine secretion
+
+
+ The regulated release of catecholamines by a cell or group of cells. The catecholamines are a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of catecholamine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of catecholamines.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of viral transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of viral transcription
+ stimulation of viral transcription
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
+ up regulation of viral transcription
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of viral transcription
+ Reactome:167246
+ activation of viral transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-amyloid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-amyloid, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP).
+ beta-amyloid metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arachidonic acid secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The controlled release of arachidonic acid from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GPI anchor biosynthetic process via N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GPI anchor anabolism via N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ RESID:AA0164
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-threonyl ethanolamide-linked glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor following hydrolysis of a threonyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
+ GPI anchor formation via N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+ GPI anchor synthesis via N-threonyl-glycosylphosphatidylinositolethanolamine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GSI anchor biosynthetic process via N-glycyl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
+
+
+ GSI anchor anabolism via N-glycyl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
+ GSI anchor formation via N-glycyl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked glycosylsphingolipidinositol (GSI) anchor following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond in the carboxy-terminal region of a membrane-associated protein.
+ biological_process
+ GSI anchor synthesis via N-glycyl-glycosylsphingolipidinositolethanolamine
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0165
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glycine
+
+ peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis from peptidyl-glycine
+ biological_process
+ peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine anabolism from peptidyl-glycine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a C-terminal peptidyl-glycine ethanolamide-linked phosphatide following hydrolysis of a glycyl-peptide bond, as in the cleavage of arginine from the carboxy-terminal of Apg8 followed by its amidation with phosphatidylethanolamine.
+ peptidyl-glycyl-phosphatidylethanolamine formation from peptidyl-glycine
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0346
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester biosynthetic process from peptidyl-glutamine
+
+ The posttranslational modification of peptidyl-glutamine residues by deamidation and esterification with omega-hydroxyceramide.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0340
+ peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester formation from peptidyl-glutamine
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester synthesis from peptidyl-glutamine
+ peptidyl-L-glutamyl 5-omega-hydroxyceramide ester anabolism from peptidyl-glutamine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan anabolism
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan formation
+ chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B). Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
+ chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan biosynthesis
+ chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan biosynthetic process
+ dermatan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ dermatan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthetic process
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan formation
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, polysaccharide chain synthesis
+ chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan chain elongation
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
+ chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain formation
+ dermatan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ dermatan sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
+ chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan chain elongation
+ The elongation of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of dermatan sulfate.
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan anabolism, polysaccharide chain anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, polysaccharide chain synthesis
+ chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan biosynthesis, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain formation
+ The elongation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan chains by alternate addition of N-acetylhexosamine and GlcUA residues to the GAG-protein linkage region tetrasaccharide of chondroitin sulfate.
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan formation, polysaccharide chain biosynthesis
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan chain elongation
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan anabolism, polysaccharide chain anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are chondroitin sulfate. Chondroitin sulfates are a group of 10-60 kDa glycosaminoglycans, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues; the repeat units consist of beta-(1,4)-linked D-glucuronyl beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine sulfate.
+ biological_process
+ chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan metabolic process
+ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan metabolism
+ chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, any glycoprotein whose glycosaminoglycan units are dermatan sulfate (chondroitin sulfate B). Dermatan sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan with repeats consisting of beta-(1,4)-linked L-iduronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 4-sulfate units.
+ dermatan sulphate proteoglycan metabolism
+ dermatan sulfate proteoglycan metabolism
+ dermatan sulphate proteoglycan metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ chondroitin sulfate B proteoglycan metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleic acid transport
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of nucleic acids, single or double-stranded polynucleotides involved in the storage, transmission and transfer of genetic information, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of RNA, ribonucleic acids, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytokine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of cytokines from a cell or group of cells. Cytokines are any of a group of proteins that function to control the survival, growth and differentiation of tissues and cells, and which have autocrine and paracrine activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a potentially harmful byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration which can cause damage to DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ hydrogen peroxide formation
+ hydrogen peroxide generation
+ hydrogen peroxide anabolism
+ hydrogen peroxide synthesis
+ hydrogen peroxide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of homocysteine metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid.
+ regulation of Hcy metabolism
+ regulation of Hcy metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homocysteine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine, the amino acid alpha-amino-gamma-mercaptobutanoic acid. Homocysteine is an important intermediate in the metabolic reactions of its S-methyl derivative, methionine.
+ Hcy metabolism
+ homocysteine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Hcy metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Hcy metabolism
+ positive regulation of homocysteine metabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine.
+ activation of homocysteine metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
+ up regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation of homocysteine metabolic process
+ upregulation of homocysteine metabolic process
+ positive regulation of Hcy metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of Hcy metabolism
+ negative regulation of Hcy metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving homocysteine.
+ down regulation of homocysteine metabolic process
+ inhibition of homocysteine metabolic process
+ downregulation of homocysteine metabolic process
+ negative regulation of homocysteine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
+ upregulation of lymphocyte proliferation
+ biological_process
+ activation of lymphocyte proliferation
+ stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation
+ up regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of lymphocyte proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.
+ down-regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
+ down regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Epithelial cells make up the epithelium, the covering of internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and other small cavities. It consists of cells joined by small amounts of cementing substances.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urothelial cell proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of urothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Urothelial cells make up a layer of transitional epithelium in the wall of the bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis, external to the lamina propria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.
+ inhibition of urothelial cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
+ downregulation of urothelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of urothelial cell proliferation
+ up regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of urothelial cell proliferation.
+ up-regulation of urothelial cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of urothelial cell proliferation
+ activation of urothelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of epithelial cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+ activation of epithelial cell proliferation
+ up-regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
+ upregulation of epithelial cell proliferation
+ up regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
+ inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation
+ down-regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
+ downregulation of epithelial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mRNA processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing, those processes involved in the conversion of a primary mRNA transcript into a mature mRNA prior to its translation into polypeptide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mRNA processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of mRNA processing
+ upregulation of mRNA processing
+ up regulation of mRNA processing
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of mRNA processing
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing.
+ stimulation of mRNA processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mRNA processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of mRNA processing
+ inhibition of mRNA processing
+ downregulation of mRNA processing
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mRNA processing.
+ down regulation of mRNA processing
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of defense response to virus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of antiviral response
+ down regulation of antiviral response
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of antiviral mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of antiviral response
+ down-regulation of antiviral response
+ inhibition of antiviral response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of defense response to virus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the antiviral response of a cell or organism.
+ regulation of antiviral response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of defense response to virus by host
+
+
+ negative regulation of antiviral response by host
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation by host of antiviral response
+ down regulation of antiviral response by host
+ downregulation of antiviral response by host
+ down-regulation of antiviral response by host
+ Any host process that results in the inhibition of antiviral immune response mechanisms, thereby facilitating viral replication. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ inhibition of antiviral response by host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of defense response to virus by virus
+
+ biological_process
+ Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of the host cell or organism.
+ regulation by virus of antiviral response
+ regulation of antiviral response by virus
+ viral regulation of antiviral response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of defense response to virus by host
+
+ regulation of antiviral response by host
+ regulation by host of antiviral response
+ Any host process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of a host cell or organism.
+ host regulation of antiviral response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichloroethylene catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of trichloroethylene, a toxic, colorless, photoreactive, chlorinated hydrocarbon liquid, commonly used as a metal degreaser and solvent.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ trichloroethylene degradation
+ trichloroethene catabolism
+ trichloroethene catabolic process
+ trichloroethylene catabolism
+ trichloroethylene breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ IL-1 secretion
+ The regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell or group of cells. Interleukin 1 is produced mainly by activated macrophages; it stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing interleukin 2 release and it is involved in the inflammatory response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 beta secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ IL-1b secretion
+ The regulated release of interleukin 1 beta from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+
+ The regulated release of interleukin-1 alpha from a cell or group of cells.
+ IL-1a secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 alpha from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 beta from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of protein secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell or group of cells.
+ inhibition of protein secretion
+ downregulation of protein secretion
+ down-regulation of protein secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of cytokine secretion
+ down-regulation of cytokine secretion
+ downregulation of cytokine secretion
+ down regulation of cytokine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of interleukin-1 secretion
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell or group of cells.
+ down regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
+ downregulation of interleukin-1 secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+ downregulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 alpha from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+ down-regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+ down regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+ down-regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 beta from a cell or group of cells.
+ inhibition of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of protein secretion
+ activation of protein secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell or group of cells.
+ upregulation of protein secretion
+ stimulation of protein secretion
+ up-regulation of protein secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytokine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of cytokine secretion
+ up regulation of cytokine secretion
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of cytokine secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell or group of cells.
+ up-regulation of cytokine secretion
+ stimulation of cytokine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of interleukin-1 secretion
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of interleukin-1 secretion
+ up regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
+ up-regulation of interleukin-1 secretion
+ stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+ upregulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+ activation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+ stimulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 alpha from a cell or group of cells.
+ up-regulation of interleukin-1 alpha secretion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+ upregulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of interleukin-1 beta from a cell or group of cells.
+ stimulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+ up regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 alpha anabolism
+ interleukin-1 alpha biosynthesis
+ interleukin-1 alpha formation
+ biological_process
+ interleukin-1 alpha synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 alpha.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1 beta synthesis
+ interleukin-1 beta biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 beta.
+ interleukin-1 beta anabolism
+ interleukin-1 beta formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-1 alpha synthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-1 alpha anabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-1 alpha formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 alpha.
+ regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of interleukin-1 beta synthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-1 beta anabolism
+ regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthesis
+ regulation of interleukin-1 beta formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 beta.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 alpha.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha formation
+ downregulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha anabolism
+ inhibition of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 alpha synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 beta.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta synthesis
+ down-regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta anabolism
+ inhibition of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 beta.
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta synthesis
+ up-regulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta formation
+ upregulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta anabolism
+ stimulation of interleukin-1 beta biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha formation
+ up regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha synthesis
+ up-regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-1 alpha.
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha anabolism
+ positive regulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthesis
+ activation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of interleukin-1 alpha biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of inflammatory response
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
+ inhibition of inflammatory response
+ biological_process
+ anti-inflammatory response
+ GO:0030236
+ down regulation of inflammatory response
+ down-regulation of inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of inflammatory response
+ activation of inflammatory response
+ upregulation of inflammatory response
+ stimulation of inflammatory response
+ up-regulation of inflammatory response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+ up-regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+ activation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+ upregulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+ downregulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The posttranslational cross-linking of a tyrosine residue to a tryptophan residue and a methionine residue to form S-[5'-(L-tryptoph-6'-yl)-L-tyrosin-3'-yl]-L-methionin-S-ium.
+ RESID:AA0348
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-threonine
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-threonine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0349
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-serine
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0350
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via O3-riboflavin phosphoryl-L-serine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FMN linkage via S-(4a-FMN)-L-cysteine
+
+ RESID:AA0351
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via S-(4a-FMN)-L-cysteine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FMN linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0352
+ The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via 1'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-FMN linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine
+
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a protein-FMN linkage via 3'-(8alpha-FMN)-L-histidine.
+ RESID:AA0353
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-cysteinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+ The formation of a protein active site cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue N, a cysteine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+2, a glycine, coupled with the formation of a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue N+1 which loses one hydrogen, and the loss of a molecule of water.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0188
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of lipoprotein metabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein moiety consists of a lipid or lipids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
+ up-regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein moiety consists of a lipid or lipids.
+ positive regulation of lipoprotein metabolism
+ activation of lipoprotein metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
+ up regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoproteins, any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the nonprotein moiety consists of a lipid or lipids.
+ inhibition of lipoprotein metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of lipoprotein metabolism
+ down-regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
+ downregulation of lipoprotein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fractalkine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fractalkine synthesis
+ fractalkine biosynthesis
+ CX3CL1 biosynthesis
+ CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine biosynthesis
+ neurotactin biosynthetic process
+ ABCD-3 biosynthesis
+ fractalkine anabolism
+ fractalkine formation
+ CX3CL1 biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the control of the key regulatory mechanisms of cell trafficking at sites of inflammation. It exists as a secreted protein and in a membrane-bound form, and exhibits a novel C-X-X-X-C cysteine signature motif. The counterpart of human fractalkine is murine neurotactin; fractalkine is also referred to as CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine or ABCD-3 and has been renamed CX3CL1.
+ ABCD-3 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ neurotactin biosynthesis
+ CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the control of the key regulatory mechanisms of cell trafficking at sites of inflammation.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of CX3CL1 biosynthetic process
+ regulation of fractalkine formation
+ regulation of neurotactin biosynthesis
+ regulation of neurotactin biosynthetic process
+ regulation of fractalkine biosynthesis
+ regulation of CX3CL1 biosynthesis
+ regulation of fractalkine anabolism
+ regulation of fractalkine synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fractalkine formation
+ negative regulation of neurotactin biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of fractalkine biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of neurotactin biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of CX3CL1 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the control of the key regulatory mechanisms of cell trafficking at sites of inflammation.
+ down regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of fractalkine anabolism
+ downregulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of fractalkine synthesis
+ negative regulation of CX3CL1 biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of fractalkine formation
+ positive regulation of CX3CL1 biosynthesis
+ upregulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of CX3CL1 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of neurotactin biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the control of the key regulatory mechanisms of cell trafficking at sites of inflammation.
+ positive regulation of fractalkine synthesis
+ up regulation of fractalkine biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of fractalkine anabolism
+ positive regulation of neurotactin biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of fractalkine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemokine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ chemokine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving chemokines, any of a subgroup of cytokines which act primarily on hemopoietic cells in acute and inflammatory processes and other immunoregulatory functions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fractalkine metabolic process
+
+ fractalkine metabolism
+ CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine metabolism
+ neurotactin metabolism
+ CX3CL1 metabolic process
+ ABCD-3 metabolism
+ CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving fractalkine, a chemokine involved in the control of the key regulatory mechanisms of cell trafficking at sites of inflammation. It exists as a secreted protein and in a membrane-bound form, and exhibits a novel C-X-X-X-C cysteine signature motif. The counterpart of human fractalkine is murine neurotactin; fractalkine is also referred to as CX3C membrane-anchored chemokine or ABCD-3 and has been renamed CX3CL1.
+ biological_process
+ CX3CL1 metabolism
+ ABCD-3 metabolic process
+ neurotactin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+
+ thymidylate synthase biosynthesis
+ thymidylate synthase synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ thymidylate synthase anabolism
+ thymidylate synthase formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which catalyzes the reaction: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + dUMP = dihydrofolate + dTMP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thymidylate synthase synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ regulation of thymidylate synthase formation
+ regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase.
+ regulation of thymidylate synthase anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of thymidylate synthase synthesis
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase.
+ positive regulation of thymidylate synthase formation
+ upregulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of thymidylate synthase anabolism
+ up-regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of thymidylate synthase anabolism
+ inhibition of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of thymidylate synthase formation
+ negative regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of thymidylate synthase synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of thymidylate synthase biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ depsipeptide metabolic process
+
+ depsipeptide metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ depsipeptide catabolic process
+
+
+ depsipeptide catabolism
+ depsipeptide degradation
+ depsipeptide breakdown
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ depsipeptide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ depsipeptide synthesis
+ depsipeptide biosynthesis
+ depsipeptide formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of depsipeptides, a linear or cyclic compound composed of both amino acids and hydroxy acids in peptide and ester bonds respectively.
+ depsipeptide anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phagocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the process whereby phagocytes engulf external particulate material.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phagocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of phagocytosis
+ down regulation of phagocytosis
+ inhibition of phagocytosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of phagocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phagocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of phagocytosis
+ stimulation of phagocytosis
+ activation of phagocytosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.
+ up regulation of phagocytosis
+ upregulation of phagocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neurogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neurogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of neurogenesis
+ inhibition of neurogenesis
+ down-regulation of neurogenesis
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of neurogenesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neurogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
+ up-regulation of neurogenesis
+ upregulation of neurogenesis
+ activation of neurogenesis
+ up regulation of neurogenesis
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of neurogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of axonogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of axonogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.
+ inhibition of axonogenesis
+ down regulation of axonogenesis
+ down-regulation of axonogenesis
+ downregulation of axonogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of axonogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of axonogenesis
+ biological_process
+ activation of axonogenesis
+ stimulation of axonogenesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.
+ up regulation of axonogenesis
+ upregulation of axonogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of dendrite development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
+ inhibition of dendrite morphogenesis
+ down regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
+ downregulation of dendrite morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
+ up regulation of dendrite morphogenesis
+ upregulation of dendrite morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ activation of dendrite morphogenesis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
+ stimulation of dendrite morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of immune response
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
+ downregulation of immune response
+ down-regulation of immune response
+ inhibition of immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of immune response
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus.
+ stimulation of immune response
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of immune response
+ up-regulation of immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA destabilization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the stability of an RNA molecule, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cocaine metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ cocaine metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cocaine catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ cocaine breakdown
+ cocaine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.
+ cocaine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detoxification of mercury ion
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that reduce or remove the toxicity of mercuric ion. These include transport of mercury away from sensitive areas and to compartments or complexes whose purpose is sequestration of mercury ion and/or reduction of mercury ion (Hg[II]) to metallic mercury (Hg[0]).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sequestering of mercury
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retention of mercury (Hg2+) ion
+ mercuric ion (Hg2+) sequestering
+ sequestering of mercuric ion (Hg2+)
+ The process of binding or confining toxic mercury ions or atoms such that they are separated from sensitive components of a biological system.
+ sequestration of mercury (Hg) ion
+ sequestering of mercury (Hg) ion
+ sequestration of mercuric ion (Hg2+)
+ mercury (Hg2+) ion storage
+ biological_process
+ storage of mercury (Hg2+) ion
+ mercury (Hg) ion sequestering
+ mercuric ion (Hg2+) sequestration
+ mercury (Hg2+) ion retention
+ mercury (Hg) ion sequestration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of biological process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of physiological process
+ biological_process
+ goslim_goa
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule.
+ GO:0050791
+ goslim_generic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of catalytic activity
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
+ regulation of enzyme activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of viral reproduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the viral life cycle, the set of processes by which a virus reproduces and spreads among hosts.
+ regulation of viral life cycle
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of developmental process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cellular physiological process
+ GO:0051244
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of behaviour
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of insulin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activated T cell proliferation
+
+ Note that this term is to be used for gene products involved in T cell proliferation following an antigenic stimulus, including both proteins internal to the T cell and external factors, such as IL-2, which specifically promote proliferation of activated T cells.
+ activated T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ activated T-cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ activated T lymphocyte proliferation
+ The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cocaine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ cocaine anabolism
+ cocaine biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cocaine, an alkaloid obtained from the dried leaves of the shrub Erythroxylon coca. It is a cerebral stimulant and narcotic.
+ cocaine synthesis
+ cocaine formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ion homeostasis
+
+ negative regulation of crystal biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of crystal formation
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of ions within an organism or cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ electrolyte homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep
+
+ The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synapse structure and activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the physical form or the activity of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic transmission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptic transmission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of synaptic transmission
+ down regulation of synaptic transmission
+ inhibition of synaptic transmission
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
+ down-regulation of synaptic transmission
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic transmission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
+ stimulation of synaptic transmission
+ up regulation of synaptic transmission
+ upregulation of synaptic transmission
+ up-regulation of synaptic transmission
+ biological_process
+ activation of synaptic transmission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synapse organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synapse structure
+ Any process that modulates the physical form of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
+ regulation of synapse organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synapse organization
+
+ synapse organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ synapse development
+ synapse organisation and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of steroid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of steroid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of steroid anabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
+ regulation of steroidogenesis
+ regulation of steroid formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of steroid biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthesis
+ regulation of acyl-CoA formation
+ regulation of acyl-CoA anabolism
+ regulation of acyl-CoA synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acyl-CoA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epothilone metabolic process
+
+ epothilone metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving epothilone, a drug obtained from the myxobacteria Sporangium cellulosum that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epothilone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of epothilone, a drug obtained from the myxobacteria Sporangium cellulosum that interferes with cell division. Some epothilones are being studied as treatments for cancer.
+ epothilone biosynthesis
+ epothilone synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ epothilone formation
+ epothilone anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coagulation
+
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass.
+ clotting
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of clotting
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation, the process by which a fluid solution, or part of it, changes into a solid or semisolid mass.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anticoagulant activity
+ downregulation of coagulation
+ down-regulation of coagulation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation.
+ inhibition of coagulation
+ down regulation of coagulation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of clotting.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of coagulation
+ stimulation of coagulation
+ activation of coagulation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of coagulation.
+ positive regulation of clotting
+ up-regulation of coagulation
+ upregulation of coagulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein stabilization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.
+ positive regulation of protein stability
+ biological_process
+ protein stabilization activity
+ lysosomal protein stabilization
+ protein sequestering
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide stabilization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptide stabilization activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide and preventing it from being degraded.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide antigen stabilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a peptide antigen and preventing it from being degraded.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ peptide antigen stabilization activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to freezing
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a freezing stimulus, temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius.
+ ice nucleation inhibitor activity
+ biological_process
+ antifreeze activity
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of liquid surface tension
+
+ Any process that modulates the surface tension of a liquid. Surface tension is the property that makes a liquid behave as if it had an elastic skin on its surface at the interface with a gas or an immiscible liquid.
+ regulation of surface tension of a liquid
+ biological_process
+ surfactant activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to Gram-negative bacterium
+
+ Gram-negative antibacterial peptide activity
+ defence response to Gram-negative bacterium
+ Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-negative bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
+ defence response to Gram-negative bacteria
+ biological_process
+ defense response to Gram-negative bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to Gram-positive bacterium
+
+ defence response to Gram-positive bacterium
+ Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a Gram-positive bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ defense response to Gram-positive bacteria
+ Gram-positive antibacterial peptide activity
+ defence response to Gram-positive bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male-specific defense response to bacterium
+
+ A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism.
+ male-specific antibacterial peptide activity
+ male-specific defence response to bacterium
+ biological_process
+ male-specific defense response to bacteria
+ male-specific defence response to bacteria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to fungus
+
+
+ defence response to fungi
+ Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a fungus that act to protect the cell or organism.
+ defense response to fungi
+ biological_process
+ defence response to fungus
+ GO:0042831
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdenum incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide
+
+
+ The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.
+ RESID:AA0355
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide
+
+
+
+ The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl S-adenosylmethion-N,O-diyl tetrairon tetrasulfide.
+ RESID:AA0356
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron incorporation into iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0357
+ The incorporation of iron into a 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur cluster via tris-L-cysteinyl L-arginyl diiron disulfide.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-cysteinyl-L-selenocysteine
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0358
+ The formation of a selenide-sulfide bond to form the cystine-like L-cysteinyl-L-selenocysteine, as in vertebrate selenopeptide P.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine trimethylation
+
+ RESID:AA0359
+ The methylation of 5-hydroxy-L-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-lysine hydroxylation to peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine
+
+ The hydroxylation of peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine to form peptidyl-N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-L-lysine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0359
+ peptidyl trimethyl lysine hydroxylase activity
+ peptidyl-trimethyl-lysine hydroxylase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ copper incorporation via L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0355
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of copper into a protein by L-cysteinyl copper sulfido molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S-adenosylmethionine catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ S-adenosyl methionine catabolic process
+ S-adenosylmethionine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of S-adenosylmethionine, S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-methionine, an important intermediate in one-carbon metabolism.
+ gosubset_prok
+ S-adenosylmethionine degradation
+ SAM catabolic process
+ S-adenosyl methionine catabolism
+ S-adenosylmethionine breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-selenocysteine modification
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The modification of peptidyl-selenocysteine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ teichuronic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ teichuronic acid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of teichuronic acid, a polymer containing chains of uronic acids and N-acetylglucosamine found in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ teichuronic acid formation
+ teichuronic acid synthesis
+ teichuronic acid anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ teichuronic acid metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving teichuronic acid, a polymer containing chains of uronic acids and N-acetylglucosamine found in the cell wall, membrane or capsule of Gram-positive bacteria.
+ teichuronic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progesterone receptor signaling pathway
+
+ progesterone receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a progesterone binding to its receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of calcium-mediated signalling
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling, the process by which a cell uses calcium ions to convert an extracellular signal into a response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of calcium-mediated signaling
+ negative regulation of calcium-mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of calcium-mediated signaling
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.
+ down regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
+ down-regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalling
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-mediated signaling.
+ stimulation of calcium-mediated signaling
+ up-regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
+ activation of calcium-mediated signaling
+ up regulation of calcium-mediated signaling
+ upregulation of calcium-mediated signaling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B or T cell.
+ biological_process
+ antigen receptor-mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell receptor signaling pathway
+
+ T lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
+ biological_process
+ T-cell receptor signaling pathway
+ T-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ TCR signaling pathway
+ T-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ T lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ T-cell receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ B cell receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ B lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ B-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
+ B cell receptor signalling pathway
+ B-cell receptor signaling pathway
+ B lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ B-cell receptor signalling pathway
+ B-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antigen receptor mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of B-cell receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of B-cell receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
+ regulation of B cell receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ regulation of T-cell receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of T-cell receptor signaling pathway
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of TCR signaling pathway
+ regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.
+ positive regulation of antigen receptor mediated signalling pathway
+ up regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+ activation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+ upregulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen receptor mediated signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B- or T cell.
+ down regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+ down-regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+ inhibition of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
+ negative regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ down-regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+ down regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of B-cell receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of B-cell receptor signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of B cell receptor signalling pathway
+ inhibition of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+ down-regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of TCR signaling pathway
+ downregulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ down regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of T-cell receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of T cell receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B-cell receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ activation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
+ positive regulation of B lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ stimulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+ upregulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of B cell receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of B-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ up regulation of B cell receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of B-cell receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+ stimulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ up regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of T cell receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
+ positive regulation of TCR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of T-cell receptor signaling pathway
+ activation of T cell receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-cell activation
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte activation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of T lymphocyte activation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of B-cell activation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.
+ regulation of B lymphocyte activation
+ regulation of B-lymphocyte activation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation, the change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of cell activation
+ inhibition of cell activation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cell activation
+ downregulation of cell activation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of cell activation
+ upregulation of cell activation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation.
+ up regulation of cell activation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of cell activation
+ stimulation of cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte activation
+ negative regulation of T-cell activation
+ down-regulation of T cell activation
+ downregulation of T cell activation
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte activation
+ down regulation of T cell activation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
+ inhibition of T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of B cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of B cell activation
+ negative regulation of B-cell activation
+ down regulation of B cell activation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.
+ downregulation of B cell activation
+ down-regulation of B cell activation
+ negative regulation of B-lymphocyte activation
+ negative regulation of B lymphocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of T cell activation
+ up-regulation of T cell activation
+ up regulation of T cell activation
+ stimulation of T cell activation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of T-cell activation
+ upregulation of T cell activation
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte activation
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of B lymphocyte activation
+ positive regulation of B-cell activation
+ up regulation of B cell activation
+ activation of B cell activation
+ upregulation of B cell activation
+ stimulation of B cell activation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of B cell activation.
+ positive regulation of B-lymphocyte activation
+ up-regulation of B cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ white fat cell differentiation
+
+ white adipocyte differentiation
+ white adipocyte cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a white adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in energy storage. White adipocytes have cytoplasmic lipids arranged in a unique vacuole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brown fat cell differentiation
+
+ brown adipocyte differentiation
+ brown adipocyte cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurological system process
+
+ goslim_pir
+ neurophysiological process
+ pan-neural process
+ A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of neurological system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of body fluid levels
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the levels of body fluids.
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal movement
+
+ Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of blood vessel size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the size of blood vessels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ musculoskeletal movement
+
+ biological_process
+ The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ voluntary musculoskeletal movement
+
+ The movement of an organism or part of an organism using mechanoreceptors, the nervous system, striated muscle and/or the skeletal system that can be controlled at will.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ musculoskeletal movement, spinal reflex action
+
+
+ Involuntary movement caused by the application of a stimulus to an organism and a subsequent movement. The signal processing of this movement takes place in the spinal cord.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromuscular process controlling posture
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of posture
+ Any process by which an organism voluntarily modulates its posture, the alignment of its anatomical parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromuscular process controlling balance
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of balance
+ Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endocrine process
+
+ goslim_pir
+ endocrine physiological process
+ biological_process
+ Any of the hormonal, neural, and secretory processes that release products into the blood or lymph. These products have specific effects on other organs.
+ endocrine physiology
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of sensory modality
+
+ biological_process
+ The determination of the type or quality of a sensation. Sensory modalities include touch, thermal sensation, visual sensation, auditory sensation and pain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of stimulus location
+
+ The determination of where on the body surface, within the body or in the environment a stimulus originates.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of stimulus intensity
+
+ The determination of the perceived strength of a sensory stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cognition
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Cognition
+ The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal water homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of water within a tissue, organ, or a multicellular organism.
+ biological_process
+ body fluid osmoregulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intestinal absorption
+
+ Any process by which nutrients are taken up from the contents of the intestine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any neural process required for an organism to sense and interpret the dimensions of a sensory experience: modality, location, intensity and affect.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ determination of affect
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an emotional response is associated with a particular sensory stimulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to stimulus
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ physiological response to stimulus
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
+ GO:0051869
+ goslim_goa
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrile metabolic process
+
+ nitrile metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitriles, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom. The nitriles are named with reference to the acids produced by their decomposition; for example, hydrocyanic acid is formic nitrile, and methyl cyanide is acetic nitrile.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrile catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a nitrile, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom.
+ nitrile breakdown
+ biological_process
+ nitrile catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ nitrile degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte migration
+
+
+ leucocyte trafficking
+ The movement of leukocytes within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
+ leukocyte trafficking
+ immune cell migration
+ biological_process
+ immune cell trafficking
+ leucocyte migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte tethering or rolling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Transient adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells lining blood vessels mediated primarily by selectins and which are typically the first step in cellular extravasation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte adhesive activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte adhesive triggering
+ The activation of loosely bound or rolling leukocytes by signals displayed on blood vessel endothelial cells, which is typically the second step in cellular extravasation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte activation-dependent arrest
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of an integrin-dependent strong adhesive bond between leukocytes and blood vessel endothelial cells which is dependent on prior activation of the leukocyte and leads to the firm attachment of the leukocyte to the endothelial surface, typically the third step in cellular extravasation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diapedesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that the term diapedesis, although sometimes used as a direct synonym for cellular extravasation, is used here for the specific final step of the process, in concordance with recent reviews of the topic.
+ The passage of leukocytes between the tight junctions of endothelial cells lining blood vessels, typically the fourth and final step of cellular extravasation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuromuscular process
+
+ Any process pertaining to the functions of the nervous and muscular systems of an organism.
+ biological_process
+ neuromotor process
+ neuromuscular physiological process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory transduction
+ Wikipedia:Transduction_(physiology)
+ The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+ sensory perception, sensory transduction of stimulus
+ sensory detection of stimulus
+ sensory perception, stimulus detection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ sensory detection of chemical stimulus
+ The series of events in which a sensory chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during sensory perception
+ sensory perception, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ sensory detection of chemical stimulus during sensory perception
+ sensory perception, sensory detection of chemical stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory detection of light during visual perception
+ sensory detection of light stimulus during visual perception
+ biological_process
+ sensory transduction of light during visual perception
+ visual perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus
+ visual perception, sensory transduction during perception of light
+ The series of events involved in visual perception in which a sensory light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ sensory transduction of light stimulus during visual perception
+ visual perception, detection of light stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of taste
+
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells.
+ taste
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Taste
+ gustation
+ taste perception
+ sense of taste
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of sound
+ hearing, sensory transduction of sound
+ sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of sound
+ detection of sound
+ GO:0009592
+ perception of sound, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
+ perception of sound, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
+ biological_process
+ The series of events involved in the perception of sound in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Sound is picked up in the form of vibrations.
+ perception of sound, detection of mechanical stimulus
+ sensory transduction of sound
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perception of smell, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of smell
+ sensory detection of scent
+ sensory transduction of scent
+ perception of smell, sensory detection of chemical stimulus
+ perception of smell, detection of chemical stimulus
+ sensory transduction of smell
+ sensory detection of smell
+ sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of smell
+ The series of events involved in the perception of smell in which an olfactory chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events involved in the perception of taste in which a gustatory chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ sensory transduction of taste
+ sensory detection of taste
+ sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of taste
+ taste perception
+ sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of taste
+ biological_process
+ perception of taste, sensory detection of chemical stimulus
+ perception of taste, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ perception of taste, detection of chemical stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of bitter taste
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events required to receive a bitter taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+ bitter taste perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of salty taste
+
+ The series of events required to receive a salty taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+ salty taste perception
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of sour taste
+
+ The series of events required to receive a sour taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+ sour taste perception
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of sweet taste
+
+ sweet taste perception
+ biological_process
+ The series of events required to receive a sweet taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of umami taste
+
+ The series of events required to receive an umami taste stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Umami taste is the savory taste of meats and other foods that are rich in glutamates.
+ biological_process
+ umami taste perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive chemotaxis
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a higher concentration, in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
+ gosubset_prok
+ chemoattraction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative chemotaxis
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a lower concentration, in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
+ chemorepulsion
+ chemoaversion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of chemotaxis
+ stimulation of chemotaxis
+ up regulation of chemotaxis
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of chemotaxis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
+ upregulation of chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of chemotaxis
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of chemotaxis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient.
+ down regulation of chemotaxis
+ down-regulation of chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of negative chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of negative chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of negative chemotaxis
+ upregulation of negative chemotaxis
+ activation of negative chemotaxis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
+ stimulation of negative chemotaxis
+ up regulation of negative chemotaxis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of negative chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of negative chemotaxis
+ down-regulation of negative chemotaxis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
+ inhibition of negative chemotaxis
+ down regulation of negative chemotaxis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of positive chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of positive chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
+ stimulation of positive chemotaxis
+ up-regulation of positive chemotaxis
+ up regulation of positive chemotaxis
+ activation of positive chemotaxis
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of positive chemotaxis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of positive chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
+ down-regulation of positive chemotaxis
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of positive chemotaxis
+ down regulation of positive chemotaxis
+ inhibition of positive chemotaxis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of negative chemotaxis
+
+ Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of positive chemotaxis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment cell differentiation
+
+
+ pigment cell differentiation (sensu Vertebrata)
+ Note that the chromatophore mentioned here is distinct from the pigment bearing structure found in certain photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria. It is also different from the plant chromoplast, which is also sometimes called a chromatophore.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0043357
+ chromatophore differentiation
+ GO:0043358
+ pigmented cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a pigmented cell, such as a melanocyte.
+ pigment cell differentiation (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pigment cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pigmented cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ early stripe melanophore differentiation
+ early stripe melanocyte cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an early stripe melanocyte (ESM). In zebrafish, ESMs develop during the first phase (2-3 weeks of development) of the larva to adult transition (2-4 weeks of development).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a late stripe melanocyte (LSM). In zebrafish, LSMs develop during the second phase (3-4 weeks of development) of the larva-to-adult transition (2-4 weeks of development).
+ late stripe melanocyte cell differentiation
+ late stripe melanophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iridophore differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an iridophore. Iridophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain guanidine or other purine crystals deposited in stacks called reflecting platets or iridisomes. This gives them a silver, gold, or iridescent appearance.
+ biological_process
+ iridophore cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xanthophore differentiation
+
+ Note that this term refers to xanthophores in the sense of specialized pigment-producing cells, and should not be confused with the cellular component term 'xanthophore ; GO:0031633', which refers to a subcellular structure.
+ xanthophore cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a xanthophore cell. Xanthophores are pigment cells derived from the neural crest. They contain pteridine and/or carotenoid pigments in structures called pterinosomes or xanthosomes. This makes them yellow to orange in appearance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of iridophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of xanthophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.
+ Note that this term refers to xanthophores in the sense of specialized pigment-producing cells, and should not be confused with the cellular component term 'xanthophore ; GO:0031633', which refers to a subcellular structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of early stripe melanophore differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.
+ regulation of late stripe melanophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of pigment cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of pigment cell differentiation
+ down regulation of pigment cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of pigment cell differentiation
+ downregulation of pigment cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of pigment cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of pigment cell differentiation.
+ up regulation of pigment cell differentiation
+ upregulation of pigment cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of pigment cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of pigment cell differentiation
+ activation of pigment cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of iridophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of iridophore differentiation
+ down regulation of iridophore differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.
+ downregulation of iridophore differentiation
+ inhibition of iridophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of xanthophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term refers to xanthophores in the sense of specialized pigment-producing cells, and should not be confused with the cellular component term 'xanthophore ; GO:0031633', which refers to a subcellular structure.
+ down-regulation of xanthophore differentiation
+ down regulation of xanthophore differentiation
+ inhibition of xanthophore differentiation
+ downregulation of xanthophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of iridophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of iridophore differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of iridophore differentiation.
+ upregulation of iridophore differentiation
+ up regulation of iridophore differentiation
+ stimulation of iridophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of iridophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of xanthophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of xanthophore differentiation
+ activation of xanthophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term refers to xanthophores in the sense of specialized pigment-producing cells, and should not be confused with the cellular component term 'xanthophore ; GO:0031633', which refers to a subcellular structure.
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of xanthophore differentiation.
+ up-regulation of xanthophore differentiation
+ up regulation of xanthophore differentiation
+ upregulation of xanthophore differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.
+ down regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of early stripe melanophore differentiation
+ inhibition of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ down-regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of early stripe melanocyte differentiation.
+ up regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ positive regulation of early stripe melanophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ activation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ up-regulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of early stripe melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.
+ down-regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ down regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of late stripe melanophore differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of late stripe melanocyte differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ up-regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ positive regulation of late stripe melanophore differentiation
+ upregulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ activation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+ up regulation of late stripe melanocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of temperature stimulus
+
+ sensory perception of thermal stimulus
+ biological_process
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of electrical stimulus
+
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of light stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of mechanical stimulus
+
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+ biological_process
+ mechanosensory perception
+ chemi-mechanical coupling
+ perception of mechanical stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thermoception
+
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a temperature stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Thermoception in larger animals is mainly done in the skin; mammals have at least two types of sensor, for detecting heat (temperatures above body temperature) and cold (temperatures below body temperature).
+ Wikipedia:Thermoception
+ biological_process
+ thermoreception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electroception
+
+ electroceptive sense
+ Wikipedia:Electroreception
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Many fish possess an electroception sense; for example, the electric eel uses low voltage pulses of electricity for navigation and prey location.
+ biological_process
+ electroception sense
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ equilibrioception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Equilibrioception
+ sensory perception of orientation with respect to gravity
+ biological_process
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive an orientational stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Equilibrioception refers to a combination of processes by which an organism can perceive its orientation with respect to gravity. In animals, stimuli come from labyrinth system of the inner ears, monitoring the direction of motion; visual stimuli, with information on orientation and motion; pressure receptors, which tell the organism which body surfaces are in contact with the ground; and proprioceptive cues, which report which parts of the body are in motion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnetoreception
+
+ magnetoception
+ Wikipedia:Magnetoception
+ biological_process
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Stimuli may be chemical, mechanical or electrical and interpreting these stimuli allows an organism to determine the orientation of a magnetic field. Magnetoreception also involves the perception of light; birds cannot orient without the presence of short wavelength (blue/green) light.
+ sensory perception of magnetic field
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ echolocation
+
+ perception of environment using reflected sound waves
+ Wikipedia:Echolocation
+ Echolocation is the method used by some animals (e.g. bats, dolphins and some whales) to determine the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it. These animals emit sound waves and listen for the echo, calculating the distance to the object from the time lapse between sound emission and the echo returning.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of temperature stimulus involved in thermoception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory transduction of thermal stimulus during thermoception
+ The series of events v thermoception in which a sensory temperature stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ thermoception, sensory transduction of heat stimulus
+ sensory detection of thermal stimulus during thermoception
+ thermoception, sensory detection of thermal stimulus
+ thermoception, sensory detection of temperature stimulus
+ thermoception, sensory transduction of thermal stimulus
+ sensory transduction of temperature stimulus during thermoception
+ biological_process
+ thermoception, sensory detection of heat stimulus
+ thermoception, sensory transduction of temperature stimulus
+ sensory detection of temperature stimulus during thermoception
+ sensory transduction of heat stimulus during thermoception
+ sensory detection of heat stimulus during thermoception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory transduction of heat stimulus during sensory perception
+ sensory detection of thermal stimulus during sensory perception
+ sensory detection of temperature stimulus during sensory perception
+ sensory perception, sensory transduction of heat stimulus
+ biological_process
+ sensory perception, sensory detection of temperature stimulus
+ sensory transduction of temperature stimulus during sensory perception
+ sensory detection of heat stimulus during sensory perception
+ sensory transduction of thermal stimulus during sensory perception
+ The series of events in which a sensory temperature stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ sensory transduction of temperature stimulus
+ sensory perception, sensory detection of heat stimulus
+ sensory detection of temperature stimulus
+ sensory perception, sensory transduction of thermal stimulus
+ sensory perception, sensory transduction of temperature stimulus
+ sensory perception, sensory detection of thermal stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of light stimulus involved in sensory perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory detection of light stimulus during sensory perception
+ sensory transduction of light stimulus
+ sensory transduction of light stimulus during sensory perception
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a sensory light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ sensory detection of light stimulus
+ sensory perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus
+ sensory perception, sensory detection of light stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of electrical stimulus involved in sensory perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
+ sensory detection of electrical stimulus
+ The series of events in which a sensory electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ sensory detection of electrical stimulus during sensory perception
+ biological_process
+ sensory perception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
+ sensory perception, sensory detection of electrical stimulus
+ sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during sensory perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of electrical stimulus during electroception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electroception, sensory detection of electrical stimulus
+ electroception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
+ sensory detection of electrical stimulus during electroception
+ electroception, sensory transduction
+ sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during electroception
+ electroception, detection of electrical stimulus
+ The series of events during electroception in which a sensory electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory transduction of thermal stimulus during sensory perception of pain
+ sensory perception of pain, sensory transduction of thermal stimulus
+ sensory perception of pain, sensory detection of thermal stimulus
+ perception of pain, detection of temperature stimulus
+ perception of pain, sensory detection of temperature stimulus
+ sensory transduction of temperature stimulus during perception of pain
+ perception of pain, sensory transduction of temperature stimulus
+ sensory detection of temperature stimulus during perception of pain
+ The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a sensory temperature stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+ sensory detection of thermal stimulus during sensory perception of pain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perception of pain, detection of mechanical stimulus
+ biological_process
+ sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of pain
+ perception of pain, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
+ sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of pain
+ perception of pain, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
+ The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of electrical stimulus during sensory perception of pain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events during the perception of pain in which a sensory electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during perception of pain
+ perception of pain, sensory detection of electrical stimulus
+ perception of pain, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
+ sensory detection of electrical stimulus during perception of pain
+ perception of pain, detection of electrical stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of pain
+ sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of pain
+ biological_process
+ perception of pain, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ perception of pain, detection of chemical stimulus
+ The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a sensory chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ perception of pain, sensory detection of chemical stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of chemical stimulus involved in magnetoreception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnetoreception, sensory detection of chemical stimulus
+ magnetoreception, detection of chemical stimulus
+ The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a sensory chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. It is believed that organisms such as birds and salamanders interpret product ratios in chemical reactions which involve transitions between different spin states.
+ biological_process
+ sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during magnetoreception
+ magnetoreception, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ magnetoception, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus
+ sensory detection of chemical stimulus during magnetoreception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of electrical stimulus during magnetoreception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnetoreception, sensory detection of electrical stimulus
+ magnetoreception, detection of electrical stimulus
+ magnetoception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
+ sensory detection of electrical stimulus during magnetoreception
+ sensory transduction of electrical stimulus during magnetoreception
+ The series of events during magnetoception in which a sensory electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of an induced electric field resulting from movement in a magnetic field.
+ biological_process
+ magnetoreception, sensory transduction of electrical stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of mechanical stimulus involved in magnetoreception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnetoception, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
+ magnetoreception, detection of mechanical stimulus
+ magnetoreception, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
+ biological_process
+ The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of torque on particles such as magnetite which respond to a magnetic field.
+ magnetoreception, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
+ sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during magnetoreception
+ sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during magnetoreception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of mechanical stimulus involved in echolocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during echolocation
+ echolocation, detection of mechanical stimulus
+ biological_process
+ sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during echolocation
+ The series of events involved in echolocation in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. The stimulus is in the form of a reflected sound wave (an echo), which the organism uses to determine the distance to the object that reflected the sound wave.
+ echolocation, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
+ echolocation, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears.
+ biological_process
+ sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during equilibrioception
+ equilibrioception, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
+ sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during equilibrioception
+ equilibrioception, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
+ equilibrioception, detection of mechanical stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during sensory perception
+ sensory perception, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
+ sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
+ sensory perception, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
+ sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during sensory perception
+ sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensory perception of touch
+
+ perception of touch
+ biological_process
+ taction
+ Wikipedia:Touch
+ tactition
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach).
+ tactile sense
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of touch
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perception of touch, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus
+ sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
+ tactition, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
+ sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of touch
+ perception of touch, detection of mechanical stimulus
+ biological_process
+ perception of touch, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus
+ The series of events involved in the perception of touch in which a sensory mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnetoreception, using chemical stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ magnetoreception by chemical stimulus
+ magnetoreception through chemical stimulus
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a chemical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. It is believed that organisms such as birds and salamanders use a 'chemical compass': chemical reactions that involve transitions between different spin states can be influenced by magnetic fields and by detecting the different product ratios, these organisms can perceive the direction of the magnetic field. The mechanism by which this is detected is not certain but it may also involve light stimuli.
+ magnetoreception, sensory perception of chemical stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnetoreception, using electrical stimulus
+
+
+ magnetoreception through electrical stimulus
+ magnetoreception by electrical stimulus
+ magnetoreception, sensory perception of electrical stimulus
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive an electrical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Movement in a magnetic field results in an induced electric field, which can be perceived by organisms such as elasmobranch fish.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnetoreception, using mechanical stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ magnetoreception, sensory perception of mechanical stimulus
+ magnetoreception by sensory perception of mechanical stimulus
+ magnetoreception through mechanical stimulus
+ The series of events required for an organism to receive a mechanical stimulus relating to a magnetic field, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. A magnetic field exerts a torque on a ferromagnetic material (e.g. magnetite) or on a material with diamagnetic anisotropy; organisms that can detect this torque can use it to determine the orientation of the magnetic field.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of light stimulus involved in magnetoreception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnetoreception, sensory detection of light stimulus
+ sensory detection of light stimulus during magnetoreception
+ magnetoreception, sensory transduction of light stimulus
+ sensory transduction of light stimulus during magnetoreception
+ magnetoreception, detection of light stimulus
+ The series of events involved in magnetoception in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Downstream processing of the light information in addition to other sensory data allows organisms to perceive the orientation of a magnetic field.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of electrical stimulus
+
+
+ The series of events by which an electrical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of mechanical stimulus
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermidine catabolic process to deoxyhypusine, using deoxyhypusine synthase
+
+ The chemical reactions resulting in the breakdown of spermidine to form deoxyhypusine by the enzyme [eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine synthase. The reaction occurs in four steps: 1. spermidine + NAD+ = dehydrospermidine + NADH + H+; 2. dehydrospermidine + [enzyme]-lysine = 1,3-diaminopropane + [enzyme]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2; 3. [enzyme]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2 = [eIF-5A]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2; 4. [eIF-5A]-lysine-N6=CH(CH2)3NH2 + NADH + H+ = [eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine + NAD+.
+ [eIF-5A]-deoxyhypusine synthase activity
+ EC:2.5.1.46
+ Note that this reaction is catalyzed by a single enzyme but since it has multiple steps, it appears in the process ontology.
+ MetaCyc:2.5.1.46-RXN
+ spermidine degradation to deoxyhypusine, using deoxyhypusine synthase
+ gosubset_prok
+ (4-aminobutyl)lysine synthase activity
+ biological_process
+ spermidine breakdown to deoxyhypusine, using deoxyhypusine synthase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine sulfation
+
+
+ The posttranslational sulfation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-sulfo-L-serine.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0361
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-threonine sulfation
+
+
+ The posttranslational sulfation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-sulfo-L-threonine.
+ RESID:AA0362
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopeptide cross-linking via N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0360
+ The formation of an isopeptide cross-link between peptidyl-glutamate and peptidyl-glycine to produce N-(L-isoglutamyl)-glycine, as found in the antibiotic microcin J25.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via O-sulfo-L-serine
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0361
+ The transient sulfation of peptidyl-serine to form O-sulfo-L-serine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-methionine carboxylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0363
+ The carboxylation of the N-terminal methionine of proteins to form the derivative N-carboxy-L-methionine.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein amino acid carboxylation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The carboxylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal protein amino acid carbamoylation
+
+ N-terminal protein amino acid carbamylation
+ biological_process
+ The carbamoylation of the N-terminal amino acid of proteins.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via O-sulfo-L-threonine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0362
+ The transient sulfation of peptidyl-threonine to form O-sulfo-L-threonine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dimethylallyl diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ dimethylallyl pyrophosphate biosynthetic process
+ dimethylallyl diphosphate anabolism
+ DPP biosynthetic process
+ DPP biosynthesis
+ dimethylallyl diphosphate formation
+ dimethylallyl diphosphate biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dimethylallyl diphosphate.
+ dimethylallyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis
+ dimethylallyl diphosphate synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dimethylallyl diphosphate metabolic process
+
+ DPP metabolism
+ dimethylallyl pyrophosphate metabolism
+ dimethylallyl diphosphate metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dimethylallyl diphosphate.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ dimethylallyl pyrophosphate metabolic process
+ DPP metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
+ regulation of lipid breakdown
+ regulation of lipid degradation
+ regulation of lipid catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lipid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of lipid catabolic process
+ down regulation of lipid catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of lipid catabolic process
+ negative regulation of lipid breakdown
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
+ negative regulation of lipid degradation
+ negative regulation of lipid catabolism
+ downregulation of lipid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lipid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of lipid breakdown
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
+ stimulation of lipid catabolic process
+ activation of lipid catabolic process
+ upregulation of lipid catabolic process
+ up regulation of lipid catabolic process
+ positive regulation of lipid degradation
+ positive regulation of lipid catabolism
+ up-regulation of lipid catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+
+ nitric-oxide synthase regulator
+ biological_process
+ regulation of NOS activity
+ NOS regulator
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+
+
+ NOS activator
+ stimulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+ nitric-oxide synthase activator
+ up regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
+ activation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of NOS activity
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+ up-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+
+
+ down regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
+ down-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+ negative regulation of NOS activity
+ nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor
+ NOS inhibitor
+ inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+ downregulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity
+ downregulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
+ down regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
+
+
+ up regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
+ stimulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation of lipoprotein lipase activity
+ activation of lipoprotein lipase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule sliding
+
+ microtubule translocation
+ The movement of one microtubule along another microtubule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule severing
+
+ microtubule severing activity
+ The process by which a microtubule is broken down into smaller segments.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament severing
+
+ The process by which an actin filament is broken down into smaller filaments.
+ barbed-end actin capping/severing activity
+ biological_process
+ F-actin severing
+ actin filament severing activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ barbed-end actin filament capping
+
+ barbed-end actin capping activity
+ The binding of a protein or protein complex to the barbed (or plus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
+ biological_process
+ plus-end F-actin capping activity
+ barbed-end F-actin capping activity
+ plus-end actin filament capping activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament bundle formation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ actin bundling activity
+ The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
+ actin cable assembly
+ GO:0045011
+ actin cable formation
+ actin filament bundle assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of antibody secretion
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of immunoglobulins from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of immunoglobulins from a cell or group of cells.
+ upregulation of immunoglobulin secretion
+ positive regulation of antibody secretion
+ up regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
+ stimulation of immunoglobulin secretion
+ activation of immunoglobulin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of immunoglobulin secretion
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of antibody secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of immunoglobulins from a cell or group of cells.
+ down regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
+ inhibition of immunoglobulin secretion
+ down-regulation of immunoglobulin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chiasma formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby a connection between chromatids forms, indicating where an exchange of homologous segments has taken place by the crossing-over of non-sister chromatids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of RNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA transport
+
+ The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA transport
+
+ The directed movement of rRNA, ribosomal ribonucleic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ snRNA transport
+
+ The directed movement of snRNA, small nuclear ribonucleic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA transport
+
+ The directed movement of tRNA, transfer ribonucleic acid, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of endosome size
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the volume of an endosome, a membrane-bounded organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis.
+ endosome enlargement
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription, meiotic
+
+ regulation of transcription during meiosis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during meiosis.
+ biological_process
+ meiotic regulation of transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription, meiotic
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription during meiosis
+ down regulation of transcription, meiotic
+ down-regulation of transcription, meiotic
+ negative regulation of meiotic transcription
+ meiotic repression of transcription
+ inhibition of transcription, meiotic
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during meiosis.
+ downregulation of transcription, meiotic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription, meiotic
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription during meiosis
+ stimulation of transcription, meiotic
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during meiosis.
+ activation of transcription, meiotic
+ up regulation of transcription, meiotic
+ upregulation of transcription, meiotic
+ positive regulation of meiotic transcription
+ up-regulation of transcription, meiotic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules that do not require the presence of calcium for the interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+ activation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion.
+ up-regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+ upregulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+ stimulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion.
+ down regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+ downregulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+ stimulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain peptidolysis.
+ activation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+ upregulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+ down regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or group of cells.
+ up regulation of secretion
+ upregulation of secretion
+ activation of secretion
+ stimulation of secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or group of cells.
+ down-regulation of secretion
+ inhibition of secretion
+ down regulation of secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of transport
+ up regulation of transport
+ stimulation of transport
+ up-regulation of transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of transport
+ down regulation of transport
+ down-regulation of transport
+ inhibition of transport
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of DNA metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of DNA metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.
+ down-regulation of DNA metabolic process
+ downregulation of DNA metabolic process
+ down regulation of DNA metabolic process
+ negative regulation of DNA metabolism
+ inhibition of DNA metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA metabolism
+ up-regulation of DNA metabolic process
+ upregulation of DNA metabolic process
+ stimulation of DNA metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of DNA metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ activation of DNA metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of lipid anabolism
+ inhibition of lipid biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of lipid biosynthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of lipid biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of lipid formation
+ negative regulation of lipid synthesis
+ down regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
+ regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+ upregulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
+ positive regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction
+ up regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+ activation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
+ down-regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+ inhibition of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+ downregulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
+ negative regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dihydrobiopterin metabolic process
+
+ dihydrobiopterin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrobiopterin, a reduced pteridine derivative related to folic acid; it acts as an electron carrier in tyrosine biosynthesis and its quinoid form is produced by oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin in several biological hydroxylation reactions.
+ dihydrobiopterin reduction
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dihydropteridine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydropteridine, a bicyclic compound with the formula C6H6N4.
+ biological_process
+ dihydropteridine metabolism
+ dihydropteridine reduction
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dihydrolipoamide metabolic process
+
+ dihydrothioctamide metabolism
+ dihydrothioctamide metabolic process
+ dihydrolipoamide reduction
+ dihydrolipoamide metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dihydrolipoamide, the reduced form of lipoamide, produced as an intermediate in the reactions in which lipoamide acts as a cofactor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactomannan metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ galactomannan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactose and D-mannose. The mannose units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactose as single side units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactomannan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.
+ galactomannan anabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ galactomannan synthesis
+ galactomannan biosynthesis
+ galactomannan formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue metabolic process
+
+ PvGal metabolism
+ biological_process
+ PvGal metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3 metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.
+ 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3 metabolism
+ 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthetic process
+
+
+ 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue synthesis
+ 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue formation
+ 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3 biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the pyruvylated galactose residue 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3-. The galactose residue is part of a larger polysaccharide chain.
+ 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ PvGal biosynthetic process
+ 4-6-O-[(R)(1-carboxyethylidine)]-Gal-beta-1,3 biosynthesis
+ PvGal biosynthesis
+ 4,6-pyruvylated galactose residue anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary cell septum
+
+ secondary cell septum (sensu Fungi)
+ secondary septum (sensu Fungi)
+ cellular_component
+ Cell wall structures composed of linear polysaccharides which are deposited at both sides of the primary septum at 90 degrees to the primary septum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic nuclear envelope disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ meiotic nuclear envelope breakdown
+ meiotic nuclear envelope degradation
+ meiotic nuclear envelope catabolism
+ The cell cycle process whereby the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during meiotic cell division occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiosis I nuclear envelope disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiosis I nuclear envelope breakdown
+ The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during the first division of meiosis.
+ meiosis I nuclear envelope degradation
+ meiosis I nuclear envelope catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiosis II nuclear envelope disassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiosis II nuclear envelope catabolism
+ The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during the second division of meiosis.
+ meiosis II nuclear envelope degradation
+ biological_process
+ meiosis II nuclear envelope breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear envelope disassembly
+
+
+ The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope in the context of a normal process.
+ biological_process
+ nuclear envelope catabolism
+ nuclear envelope breakdown
+ nuclear envelope degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 'de novo' cotranslational protein folding
+
+ multidomain protein assembly
+ GO:0006444
+ nascent polypeptide association
+ The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of the ribosome-bound nascent chains of a multidomain protein whilst other parts of the protein are still being translated.
+ 'de novo' co-translational protein folding
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 'de novo' posttranslational protein folding
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ 'de novo' post-translational protein folding
+ biological_process
+ The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent folding of newly formed polypeptides or folding intermediates of polypeptides that have exited the ribosome and/or have been stabilized and transferred by other chaperone proteins. This process could involve several cycles of ATP hydrolysis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chaperone mediated protein folding requiring cofactor
+
+ biological_process
+ chaperone cofactor-dependent 'de novo' protein folding
+ chaperone cofactor-dependent protein folding
+ chaperone co-factor-dependent protein folding
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process of assisting in the correct posttranslational noncovalent assembly of proteins, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chaperone mediated protein folding independent of cofactor
+
+ biological_process
+ chaperone cofactor-independent protein folding
+ The process of assisting in the correct noncovalent assembly of posttranslational proteins and does not depend on additional protein cofactors. This function occurs over one or more cycles of nucleotide-dependent binding and release.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PMA-inducible membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
+
+ The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain that occurs after induction by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C agonist.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ constitutive protein ectodomain proteolysis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain that occurs constantly, regardless of environmental conditions or demands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription factor activity
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription factor activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of transcription factor activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of transcription factor activity
+ up regulation of transcription factor activity
+ up-regulation of transcription factor activity
+ upregulation of transcription factor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of NF-kappaB
+ activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
+ NF-kappaB activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of developmental process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of developmental process
+ down-regulation of developmental process
+ down regulation of developmental process
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of developmental process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of developmental process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of developmental process
+ stimulation of developmental process
+ biological_process
+ activation of developmental process
+ up-regulation of developmental process
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
+ up regulation of developmental process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of helicase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of helicase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of helicase activity
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of helicase activity
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of helicase activity
+ activation of helicase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the activity of a helicase.
+ up-regulation of helicase activity
+ stimulation of helicase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of helicase activity
+
+
+ inhibition of helicase activity
+ down-regulation of helicase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of helicase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a helicase.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of helicase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of binding
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of binding
+
+
+ up-regulation of binding
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of binding
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
+ upregulation of binding
+ activation of binding
+ stimulation of binding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of binding
+
+
+ inhibition of binding
+ down-regulation of binding
+ down regulation of binding
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of binding
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA binding
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process by which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA ligation during DNA recombination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, as occurs during DNA recombination.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA ligation during DNA repair
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, as occurs during DNA repair.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA ligation during DNA-dependent DNA replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, as occurs during DNA-dependent DNA replication.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA ligation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA ligation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
+ up regulation of DNA ligation
+ up-regulation of DNA ligation
+ activation of DNA ligation
+ upregulation of DNA ligation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of DNA ligation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of DNA ligation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of DNA ligation
+ down regulation of DNA ligation
+ inhibition of DNA ligation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase.
+ down-regulation of DNA ligation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-histidine uridylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine
+
+ biological_process
+ The uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine).
+ RESID:AA0372
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-histidine adenylylation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ RESID:AA0371
+ The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine) or peptidyl-3'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-AMP-histidine, pros-AMP-histidine).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-histidine adenylylation, to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine
+
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0371
+ The adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via 1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine
+
+
+ RESID:AA0371
+ The transient adenylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 1'-(phospho-5'-adenosine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-AMP-histidine, tele-AMP-histidine).
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-histidine uridylylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0372
+ biological_process
+ The uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine) or peptidyl-3'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as pi-UMP-histidine, pros-UMP-histidine).
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enzyme active site formation via 1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The transient uridylylation of peptidyl-histidine to form 1'-(phospho-5'-uridine)-L-histidine (otherwise known as tau-UMP-histidine, tele-UMP-histidine).
+ RESID:AA0372
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hepoxilin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving hepoxilins, a class of bioactive icosanoids with roles in the regulation of cell physiology.
+ hepoxilin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hepoxilin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ hepoxilin formation
+ biological_process
+ hepoxilin biosynthesis
+ hepoxilin anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of hepoxilins, a class of bioactive icosanoids with roles in the regulation of cell physiology.
+ hepoxilin synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly
+
+
+ transcription PIC formation
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on promoter DNA to form the transcriptional preinitiation complex (PIC), the formation of which is a prerequisite for transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ biological_process
+ transcription PIC biosynthesis
+ transcriptional preinitiation complex formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction
+
+
+
+ The growth of a synapse at a neuromuscular junction, the site of apposition of a motor end plate and the subneural cleft of the skeletal muscle fiber that it innervates.
+ cholinergic synaptogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin nucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of actin nucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of actin nucleation
+ down-regulation of actin nucleation
+ down regulation of actin nucleation
+ downregulation of actin nucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of actin nucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of actin nucleation
+ up-regulation of actin nucleation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin nucleation, the initial step in the formation of an actin filament in which actin monomers combine to form a new filament.
+ activation of actin nucleation
+ stimulation of actin nucleation
+ upregulation of actin nucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular component organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell organization
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
+ regulation of cellular component organisation
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cell organisation
+ regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular component organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of cell organization
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis
+ down-regulation of cell organization
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of cell organization and biogenesis
+ negative regulation of cell organisation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
+ down regulation of cell organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular component organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of cell organization
+ up regulation of cell organization and biogenesis
+ positive regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis
+ activation of cell organization
+ positive regulation of cell organisation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of cell organization
+ up-regulation of cell organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly
+
+ chaperone activity
+ biological_process
+ protein complex assembly, multichaperone pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NK T cell activation
+
+ biological_process
+ The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature natural killer T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
+ Note that NK T cells are a distinct lineage of T cells expressing natural killer cell markers and having T cell receptors characterized by the usage of a restricted repetoire of variable region gene segments.
+ natural T cell activation
+ NT cell activation
+ NK T-cell activation
+ natural killer T cell activation
+ NK T-lymphocyte activation
+ NK T lymphocyte activation
+ NKT cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NK T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer T cell activation
+ regulation of NK T-cell activation
+ regulation of NK T-lymphocyte activation
+ regulation of NK T lymphocyte activation
+ regulation of natural T cell activation
+ regulation of NT cell activation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of NKT cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NK T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NK T lymphocyte activation
+ negative regulation of natural killer T cell activation
+ downregulation of NK T cell activation
+ negative regulation of natural T cell activation
+ down-regulation of NK T cell activation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of NK T-cell activation
+ down regulation of NK T cell activation
+ inhibition of NK T cell activation
+ negative regulation of NT cell activation
+ negative regulation of NK T-lymphocyte activation
+ negative regulation of NKT cell activation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NK T cell activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NK T lymphocyte activation
+ upregulation of NK T cell activation
+ stimulation of NK T cell activation
+ positive regulation of natural killer T cell activation
+ positive regulation of NKT cell activation
+ positive regulation of NK T-lymphocyte activation
+ positive regulation of NT cell activation
+ positive regulation of NK T-cell activation
+ positive regulation of natural T cell activation
+ up regulation of NK T cell activation
+ activation of NK T cell activation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of NK T cell activation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NK T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NKT cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of natural killer T cell differentiation
+ regulation of natural T cell differentiation
+ regulation of NK T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.
+ regulation of NK T-cell differentiation
+ regulation of NT cell differentiation
+ regulation of NK T lymphocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NK T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer T cell differentiation
+ down regulation of NK T cell differentiation
+ inhibition of NK T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of natural T cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of NT cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of NK T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ negative regulation of NK T lymphocyte differentiation
+ down-regulation of NK T cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.
+ downregulation of NK T cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of NKT cell differentiation
+ negative regulation of NK T-cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NK T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell differentiation.
+ up regulation of NK T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of NK T-cell differentiation
+ activation of NK T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of NKT cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of NK T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of natural killer T cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of NK T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of NT cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of NK T-lymphocyte differentiation
+ positive regulation of NK T lymphocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of NK T cell differentiation
+ positive regulation of natural T cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NK T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NT cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of NK T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ regulation of natural T cell proliferation
+ regulation of natural killer T cell proliferation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.
+ regulation of NKT cell proliferation
+ regulation of NK T lymphocyte proliferation
+ regulation of NK T-cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NK T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of NK T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of NT cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of NKT cell proliferation
+ down regulation of NK T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of natural T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of natural killer T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of NK T-cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of NK T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ down-regulation of NK T cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of NK T cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of NK T lymphocyte proliferation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NK T cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of NK T cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of natural T cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of NKT cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of NK T lymphocyte proliferation
+ upregulation of NK T cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer T cell proliferation.
+ positive regulation of NK T-lymphocyte proliferation
+ positive regulation of NK T-cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of NK T cell proliferation
+ up-regulation of NK T cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of natural killer T cell proliferation
+ activation of NK T cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of NT cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propanediol metabolic process
+
+ 1,2-dihydroxypropane metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving propanediol, CH3-CHOH-CH2OH, a sweet, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid used as an antifreeze, in brake fluid and as a humectant in cosmetics and personal care items.
+ biological_process
+ propanediol metabolism
+ propylene glycol metabolism
+ propylene glycol metabolic process
+ 1,2-dihydroxypropane metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ propanediol catabolic process
+
+
+ 1,2-dihydroxypropane catabolic process
+ 1,2-dihydroxypropane catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of propanediol, a sweet, colorless, viscous, hygroscopic liquid with the formula CH3-CHOH-CH2OH.
+ biological_process
+ propylene glycol catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ propylene glycol catabolic process
+ propanediol breakdown
+ propanediol degradation
+ propanediol catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary.
+ nonstriated muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ voluntary muscle cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a striated muscle cell; striated muscle fibers are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and voluntary muscle are types of striated muscle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of muscle cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.
+ inhibition of muscle cell differentiation
+ down regulation of muscle cell differentiation
+ down-regulation of muscle cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of muscle cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.
+ activation of muscle cell differentiation
+ stimulation of muscle cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of muscle cell differentiation
+ up regulation of muscle cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.
+ down-regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+ downregulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation.
+ activation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+ upregulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+ up regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.
+ inhibition of striated muscle cell differentiation
+ downregulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
+ down regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation.
+ upregulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
+ up regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
+ up-regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ activation of striated muscle cell differentiation
+ stimulation of striated muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:230178
+ Reactome:235534
+ Reactome:209899
+ Reactome:211743
+ Reactome:208670
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:244792
+ Reactome:221577
+ glucose 6-phosphate metabolism
+ Reactome:236576
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 6-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.
+ Reactome:238156
+ Reactome:170822
+ Reactome:170824
+ Reactome:170810
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabitol catabolic process
+
+
+ arabitol breakdown
+ biological_process
+ arabitol degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ arabitol catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-arabitol catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
+ L-arabitol catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-arabitol breakdown
+ L-arabitol degradation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-arabitol catabolic process
+
+
+ D-arabitol breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of D-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-arabitol degradation
+ biological_process
+ D-arabitol catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-xylitol catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of L-xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-xylitol degradation
+ L-xylitol breakdown
+ L-xylitol catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arabitol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
+ arabitol metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-arabitol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group.
+ L-arabitol metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-arabitol metabolic process
+
+ D-arabitol metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-arabitol, the pentitol derived from arabinose or lyxose by reduction of the aldehyde group. The D enantiomer is present in lichens and mushrooms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-xylitol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving L-xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from xylose by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and is used as a noncariogenic sweetner and as a sugar substitute in diabetic diets.
+ L-xylitol metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2,5-dihydroxypyridine metabolic process
+
+ 2,5-dihydroxypyridine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolic process
+
+
+ 2,5-dihydroxypyridine catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 2,5-dihydroxypyridine.
+ 2,5-dihydroxypyridine breakdown
+ 2,5-dihydroxypyridine degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ xylulose 5-phosphate metabolic process
+
+ xylulose 5-phosphate metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ D-xylulose 5-phosphate metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving xylulose 5-phosphate, a derivative of the ketopentose xylulose phosphorylated at the 5 carbon; it is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.
+ xylulose-5-phosphate metabolism
+ xylulose-5-phosphate metabolic process
+ D-xylulose-5-phosphate metabolism
+ D-xylulose-5-phosphate metabolic process
+ D-xylulose 5-phosphate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear export
+
+ nucleus export
+ substance nuclear export
+ The directed movement of substances out of the nucleus.
+ biological_process
+ export from nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear transport
+
+ Wikipedia:Nuclear_transport
+ The directed movement of substances into, out of, or within the nucleus.
+ nucleus transport
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:162590
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear import
+
+ nucleus import
+ The directed movement of substances into the nucleus.
+ import into nucleus
+ biological_process
+ substance nuclear import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nitrogen metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
+ negative regulation of nitrogen metabolism
+ down regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
+ negative regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
+ inhibition of nitrogen metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
+ downregulation of nitrogen metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
+ positive regulation of nitrogen metabolism
+ upregulation of nitrogen metabolic process
+ stimulation of nitrogen metabolic process
+ activation of nitrogen metabolic process
+ positive regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nitrogen or nitrogenous compounds.
+ up-regulation of nitrogen metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphorus metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving phosphorus or compounds containing phosphorus.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sulfur metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of sulfur metabolic process
+ down regulation of sulfur metabolic process
+ inhibition of sulfur metabolic process
+ negative regulation of sulphur metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur.
+ down-regulation of sulfur metabolic process
+ negative regulation of sulfur metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of sulphur metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sulfur metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sulphur metabolism
+ up-regulation of sulfur metabolic process
+ stimulation of sulfur metabolic process
+ upregulation of sulfur metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving sulfur or compounds containing sulfur.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of sulphur metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of sulfur metabolic process
+ positive regulation of sulfur metabolism
+ up regulation of sulfur metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic chromosome decondensation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby chromosome structure is altered from the condensed form held during meiosis to the relaxed dispersed form held in resting cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ localization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ establishment and maintenance of substance location
+ establishment and maintenance of cellular component location
+ establishment and maintenance of substrate location
+ goslim_pir
+ establishment and maintenance of localization
+ establishment and maintenance of position
+ Any process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in a specific location.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin transport
+
+ The directed movement of vitamins into, out of, within or between cells. A vitamin is one of a number of unrelated organic substances that occur in many foods in small amounts and that are necessary in trace amounts for the normal metabolic functioning of the body.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ vitamin or cofactor transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cofactor transport
+
+ biological_process
+ vitamin or cofactor transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a cofactor into, out of, within or between cells. A cofactor is a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coenzyme transport
+
+ The directed movement of a coenzyme into, out of, within or between cells. A coenzyme is any of various nonprotein organic cofactors that are required, in addition to an enzyme and a substrate, for an enzymatic reaction to proceed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cofactor metabolic process
+
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pombe
+ goslim_yeast
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate.
+ cofactor metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cofactor catabolic process
+
+
+ cofactor breakdown
+ cofactor degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ cofactor catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cofactor biosynthetic process
+
+
+ cofactor formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein.
+ biological_process
+ cofactor anabolism
+ cofactor synthesis
+ cofactor biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prosthetic group metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prosthetic group metabolism
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prosthetic group catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prosthetic group breakdown
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.
+ prosthetic group degradation
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group catabolism
+ prosthetic group catabolism
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prosthetic group biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group, the non-amino acid portion of certain protein molecules. Prosthetic groups may be inorganic or organic and are usually required for the biological activity of the protein.
+ prosthetic group biosynthesis
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group biosynthetic process
+ prosthetic group formation
+ coenzyme and prosthetic group biosynthesis
+ prosthetic group anabolism
+ prosthetic group synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cofactor metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of cofactor metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cofactor metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of cofactor metabolic process
+ positive regulation of cofactor metabolism
+ stimulation of cofactor metabolic process
+ activation of cofactor metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor.
+ up-regulation of cofactor metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation of cofactor metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cofactor metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of cofactor metabolic process
+ negative regulation of cofactor metabolism
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of cofactor metabolic process
+ down regulation of cofactor metabolic process
+ downregulation of cofactor metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a cofactor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of coenzyme metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of coenzyme metabolism
+ regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
+ regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of coenzyme metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of coenzyme metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
+ positive regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism
+ up-regulation of coenzyme metabolic process
+ upregulation of coenzyme metabolic process
+ positive regulation of coenzyme metabolism
+ up regulation of coenzyme metabolic process
+ stimulation of coenzyme metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of coenzyme metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of coenzyme metabolic process
+ negative regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
+ negative regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of coenzyme metabolism
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of coenzyme metabolic process
+ down-regulation of coenzyme metabolic process
+ inhibition of coenzyme metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a coenzyme.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ regulation of prosthetic group metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group.
+ regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism
+ regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of prosthetic group metabolism
+ upregulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
+ up regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
+ positive regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of prosthetic group metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group.
+ positive regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
+ stimulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of prosthetic group metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group.
+ negative regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolic process
+ downregulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
+ negative regulation of prosthetic group metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
+ negative regulation of coenzyme and prosthetic group metabolism
+ down regulation of prosthetic group metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytochromobilin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytochromobilin, the linear tetrapyrrole chromophore required for plant phytochrome photoactivity.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ phytochromobilin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-aspartyl aldehyde
+
+ See also UniProtKB:P04160.
+ peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde
+ peptidyl-aspartic acid reduction to form L-beta-formylalanine
+ The posttranslational reduction of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-L-aspartyl aldehyde, as found photosystem II P680 chlorophyll A apoprotein.
+ RESID:AA0373
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane
+
+
+ protein-mitochondrion membrane insertion
+ localization of protein in mitochondrial membrane
+ protein insertion into mitochondrion membrane
+ The process by which a protein is incorporated into a mitochondrial membrane.
+ positioning of protein in mitochondrial membrane
+ integral mitochondrial membrane protein positioning
+ integral mitochondrial membrane protein localization
+ protein-mitochondrial membrane insertion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein insertion into membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which a protein is incorporated into a biological membrane.
+ membrane protein positioning
+ membrane protein localization
+ integral membrane protein positioning
+ integral membrane protein localization
+ protein-membrane insertion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ silicate metabolic process
+
+ silicate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving silicates, the salts of silicic acids. Silicates are usually composed of silicon and oxygen (Si[x]O[y]), one or more metals, and possibly hydrogen. Types of silicate include unisilicates, metasilicates and hydrous silicates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ silicic acid transport
+
+ The directed movement of silicic acid into, out of, within or between cells. Silicic acid, Si(OH)4, is a hydrated form of silicon dioxide that occurs in nature; it is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sequestering of calcium ion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium ion (Ca2+) retention
+ retention of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ calcium ion storage activity
+ sequestration of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) transport
+ storage of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ sequestering of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestering
+ calcium ion (Ca2+) storage
+ The process of binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
+ calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestration
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+
+
+ release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol
+ release of sequestered calcium ion into cytoplasm
+ cytosolic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ calcium mobilization
+ cytoplasmic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytoplasm
+ calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization
+ cytoplasmic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ cytosolic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ biological_process
+ The process by which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment.
+ release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isotropic cell growth
+
+ uniform cell growth
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size uniformly in all directions. In general, a rounded cell morphology reflects isotropic cell growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anisotropic cell growth
+
+ non-isotropic cell growth
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one or more axes, where the growth rate varies according to the direction of growth. Growth may be limited to a particular axis, axes, or to particular locations on the surface of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA virus induced gene silencing
+
+ biological_process
+ RNA virus-induced gene silencing
+ RNA VIGS
+ Gene silencing induced by RNA viruses leading to a sequence-specific degradation of target mRNAs or post-transcriptional gene silencing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA virus induced gene silencing
+
+ Gene silencing induced by DNA viruses leading to a sequence-specific degradation of target mRNAs or post-transcriptional gene silencing.
+ DNA virus-induced gene silencing
+ DNA VIGS
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cartilage development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cartilage formation
+ cartilage biosynthesis
+ chondrogenesis
+ Wikipedia:Chondrogenesis
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
+ biological_process
+ cartilage biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molybdenum incorporation via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of molybdenum into a protein via L-aspartyl molybdenum bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).
+ RESID:AA0375
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tungsten incorporation via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of tungsten into a protein via L-selenocysteinyl tungsten bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide).
+ RESID:AA02376
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic sequestering of protein
+
+
+ cytoplasmic storage of protein
+ storage of protein in cytoplasm
+ The selective interaction of a protein with specific molecules in the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its transport into other areas of the cell.
+ retention of protein in cytoplasm
+ maintenance of protein location in cytoplasm
+ sequestering of protein in cytoplasm
+ sequestration of protein in cytoplasm
+ biological_process
+ cytoplasmic retention of protein
+ cytoplasmic sequestration of protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tungsten incorporation into metallo-sulfur cluster
+
+ biological_process
+ The incorporation of tungsten into a metallo-sulfur cluster.
+ gosubset_prok
+ tungsten incorporation into metallo-sulphur cluster
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of protein transport
+ up-regulation of protein transport
+ up regulation of protein transport
+ activation of protein transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of, within or between cells.
+ stimulation of protein transport
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of protein transport
+ inhibition of protein transport
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of protein transport
+ down regulation of protein transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle assembly
+
+
+ spindle assembly involved in mitosis
+ bipolar spindle formation
+ mitotic spindle biosynthesis
+ mitotic spindle biogenesis
+ meiotic spindle biosynthesis
+ mitotic spindle assembly
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
+ spindle assembly involved in meiosis
+ spindle biosynthesis
+ spindle formation involved in meiosis
+ spindle biogenesis involved in mitosis
+ mitotic spindle formation
+ spindle formation
+ spindle formation involved in mitosis
+ biological_process
+ meiotic spindle assembly
+ meiotic spindle biogenesis
+ bipolar spindle biosynthesis
+ GO:0051226
+ meiotic spindle formation
+ spindle biogenesis
+ GO:0051227
+ spindle biogenesis involved in meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic spindle disassembly
+
+
+ mitotic spindle breakdown
+ The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+ spindle breakdown during mitosis
+ spindle disassembly during mitosis
+ mitotic spindle degradation
+ spindle degradation during mitosis
+ mitotic spindle catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic spindle disassembly
+
+
+ The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
+ spindle disassembly during meiosis
+ spindle degradation during meiosis
+ meiotic spindle catabolism
+ spindle breakdown during meiosis
+ biological_process
+ meiotic spindle degradation
+ meiotic spindle breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle disassembly
+
+
+ spindle breakdown
+ spindle degradation
+ The controlled breakdown of the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart.
+ spindle catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic spindle elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
+ spindle elongation during meiosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle midzone
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle equator
+ The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which a cell, substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ sequestering
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ storage
+ retention
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of RNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA recruitment
+ biological_process
+ RNA positioning
+ The directed movement of RNA to a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of RNA location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA retention
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which RNA is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of RNA localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sequestering of metal ion
+
+ The process of binding or confining metal ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
+ gosubset_prok
+ metal ion retention
+ metal ion storage
+ metal ion sequestering
+ storage of metal ion
+ sequestration of metal ion
+ retention of metal ion
+ biological_process
+ metal ion sequestration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of multicellular organismal process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of multicellular organismal process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of multicellular organismal process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, any of the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
+ up regulation of multicellular organismal process
+ activation of multicellular organismal process
+ stimulation of multicellular organismal process
+ upregulation of multicellular organismal process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of multicellular organismal process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of multicellular organismal process
+ inhibition of multicellular organismal process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of an organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs.
+ down-regulation of multicellular organismal process
+ down regulation of multicellular organismal process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cellular defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of cellular defense response
+ negative regulation of cellular defence response
+ down regulation of cellular defense response
+ inhibition of cellular defense response
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of cellular defense response
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the cellular defense response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
+ regulation of protein metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of protein metabolic process
+ positive regulation of protein metabolism
+ upregulation of protein metabolic process
+ stimulation of protein metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of protein metabolic process
+ up-regulation of protein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein metabolism
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of protein metabolic process
+ down regulation of protein metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of protein metabolic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
+ downregulation of protein metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lymphocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lymphocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of lymphocyte activation
+ downregulation of lymphocyte activation
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of lymphocyte activation
+ inhibition of lymphocyte activation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lymphocyte activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of lymphocyte activation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of lymphocyte activation
+ stimulation of lymphocyte activation
+ activation of lymphocyte activation
+ up-regulation of lymphocyte activation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of RNA metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of RNA metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of RNA metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of RNA metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.
+ down-regulation of RNA metabolic process
+ negative regulation of RNA metabolism
+ downregulation of RNA metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of RNA metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of RNA metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of RNA metabolic process
+ up-regulation of RNA metabolic process
+ up regulation of RNA metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of RNA metabolism
+ upregulation of RNA metabolic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA.
+ stimulation of RNA metabolic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle midzone assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ spindle midzone biosynthesis
+ spindle midzone formation
+ spindle midzone biogenesis
+ The cell cycle process whereby aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle midzone. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle midzone assembly involved in mitosis
+
+ spindle midzone formation involved in mitosis
+ The formation of the spindle midzone, the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap, during the process of mitosis.
+ mitotic spindle midzone formation
+ mitotic spindle midzone biogenesis
+ mitotic spindle midzone biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ mitotic spindle midzone assembly
+ spindle midzone biogenesis involved in mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle midzone assembly involved in meiosis
+
+ spindle midzone formation involved in meiosis
+ The formation of the spindle midzone, the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap, during the process of meiosis.
+ meiotic spindle midzone assembly
+ meiotic spindle midzone biosynthesis
+ spindle midzone biosynthesis involved in meiosis
+ meiotic spindle midzone formation
+ biological_process
+ spindle midzone biogenesis involved in meiosis
+ meiotic spindle midzone biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein polymerization
+
+ The process of creating protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers; polymeric proteins may be made up of different or identical monomers. Polymerization occurs by the addition of extra monomers to an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.
+ protein polymer biosynthesis
+ protein polymer formation
+ goslim_pir
+ protein polymer biosynthetic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein oligomerization
+
+ protein oligomer biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein oligomer formation
+ biological_process
+ protein oligomer biosynthetic process
+ The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
+ protein oligomer assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein homooligomerization
+
+ protein homooligomerization activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein homooligomer biosynthesis
+ protein homooligomer assembly
+ The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
+ protein homooligomer biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ protein homooligomer formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein depolymerization
+
+ protein polymer degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ The process by which protein polymers, compounds composed of a large number of component monomers, are broken down. Depolymerization occurs by the successive removal of monomers from an existing poly- or oligomeric protein.
+ protein polymer catabolic process
+ protein polymer breakdown
+ protein polymer catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein tetramerization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein tetramer assembly
+ protein tetramer formation
+ The formation of a protein tetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
+ biological_process
+ protein tetramer biosynthesis
+ protein tetramer biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microcin E492 biosynthetic process by siderophore ester modification of peptidyl-serine
+
+
+ microcin E492 anabolism by siderophore ester modification of peptidyl-serine
+ microcin E492 synthesis by siderophore ester modification of peptidyl-serine
+ biological_process
+ The modification of serine to N-[5-(6-O-seryl-beta-glucosyl)-2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl]-O-[N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-O-[N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)seryl]seryl]serine as found in microcin E492 produced from the mceA gene in plasmid pJAM229 of the E. coli VCS257 strain and the K. pneumoniae RYC492 strain.
+ RESID:AA0374
+ gosubset_prok
+ microcin E492 formation by siderophore ester modification of peptidyl-serine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell motion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell movement
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell motion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cell.
+ down regulation of cell motility
+ downregulation of cell motility
+ inhibition of cell motility
+ down-regulation of cell motility
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of cell movement
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell motion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of cell motility
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of a cell.
+ up regulation of cell motility
+ positive regulation of cell movement
+ up-regulation of cell motility
+ activation of cell motility
+ stimulation of cell motility
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-glucan metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by beta-D-glucosidic bonds.
+ beta-glucan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ beta-glucan synthesis
+ beta-glucan biosynthesis
+ beta-glucan anabolism
+ biological_process
+ beta-glucan formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-glucans.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-glucan catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of beta-glucans.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ beta-glucan catabolism
+ beta-glucan breakdown
+ beta-glucan degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome organization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ chromosome organisation and biogenesis (sensu Bacteria)
+ chromosome organization and biogenesis (sensu Bacteria)
+ nuclear genome maintenance
+ chromosome organisation and biogenesis (sensu Eukaryota)
+ chromosome organization and biogenesis (sensu Eukaryota)
+ goslim_pir
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information.
+ biological_process
+ GO:0051277
+ chromosome organization and biogenesis
+ maintenance of genome integrity
+ GO:0007001
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal-type cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the polysaccharides which make up the fungal-type cell wall.
+ biological_process
+ cell wall polysaccharide anabolism (sensu Fungi)
+ cell wall polysaccharide synthesis (sensu Fungi)
+ cell wall polysaccharide formation (sensu Fungi)
+ chitin- and beta-glucan-containing cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
+ regulation of cytoplasmic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ regulation of calcium mobilization
+ regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization
+ regulation of cytoplasmic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ biological_process
+ regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol
+ regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytoplasm
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytosolic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ negative regulation of cytosolic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytoplasm
+ negative regulation of calcium mobilization
+ negative regulation of cytoplasmic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ negative regulation of cytoplasmic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytoplasm
+ negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization
+ down regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+ down-regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+ inhibition of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+ negative regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol
+ negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ negative regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ downregulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) mobilization
+ positive regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytoplasm
+ activation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+ up regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+ positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytoplasm
+ positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ positive regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
+ stimulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+ positive regulation of cytoplasmic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ up-regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+) into cytosol
+ positive regulation of cytoplasmic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ upregulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
+ positive regulation of cytosolic release of sequestered calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ positive regulation of calcium mobilization
+ positive regulation of cytosolic release of stored calcium ion (Ca2+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sequestration of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ biological_process
+ regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) storage
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
+ regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) retention
+ regulation of sequestering of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestering
+ regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestration
+ regulation of retention of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ regulation of storage of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of sequestering of calcium ion
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
+ negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestering
+ downregulation of sequestering of calcium ion
+ negative regulation of storage of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
+ down regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
+ negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestration
+ negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) storage
+ negative regulation of sequestering of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ negative regulation of sequestration of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ negative regulation of retention of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ negative regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) retention
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
+ positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) retention
+ positive regulation of storage of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ activation of sequestering of calcium ion
+ positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestration
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the binding or confining calcium ions such that they are separated from other components of a biological system.
+ positive regulation of sequestration of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) sequestering
+ upregulation of sequestering of calcium ion
+ positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ stimulation of sequestering of calcium ion
+ positive regulation of calcium ion (Ca2+) storage
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of retention of calcium ion (Ca2+)
+ up-regulation of sequestering of calcium ion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cortex of cell tip
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cortex of cell end
+ The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell tip
+
+ The region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell, where polarized growth may occur.
+ cell end
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein homotetramerization
+
+
+ The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ protein homotetramer assembly
+ protein homotetramer biosynthesis
+ protein homotetramer biosynthetic process
+ protein homotetramer formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein heterotetramerization
+
+
+ protein heterotetramer biosynthetic process
+ The formation of a protein heterotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein heterotetramer assembly
+ biological_process
+ protein heterotetramer formation
+ protein heterotetramer biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein heterooligomerization
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein heterooligomer formation
+ The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
+ protein heterooligomer biosynthesis
+ protein heterooligomer assembly
+ protein heterooligomer biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear pore complex assembly
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a nuclear pore complex.
+ NPC assembly
+ nuclear pore biogenesis
+ nuclear pore formation
+ nuclear pore complex biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ nuclear pore complex biogenesis
+ nuclear pore biosynthesis
+ nuclear pore complex formation
+ nuclear pore assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of spindle localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of the spindle to a specific location in the cell.
+ spindle positioning
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of spindle orientation
+
+ Any process that set the alignment of spindle relative to other cellular structures.
+ spindle orientation
+ biological_process
+ orienting of spindle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of meiotic spindle localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle positioning during meiosis
+ The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of the meiotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.
+ biological_process
+ meiotic spindle positioning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of meiotic spindle orientation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ orienting of meiotic spindle
+ establishment of spindle orientation during meiosis
+ Any process that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.
+ meiotic spindle orientation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centrosome organization
+
+ centrosome organisation and biogenesis
+ centrosome organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centrosome duplication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
+ biological_process
+ centrosome replication
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centrosome separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which duplicated centrosome components move away from each other. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole body organization
+
+
+ spindle pole body organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the spindle pole body (SPB). The SPB is the microtubule organizing center in fungi, and is functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
+ spindle pole body organisation and biogenesis
+ SPB organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell division
+
+ The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells.
+ Wikipedia:Cell_division
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of chromosome localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a chromosome to a specific location.
+ biological_process
+ chromosome positioning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby paired chromosomes are detached from each other. In budding yeast, this includes the cleavage of cohesin complexes along the chromosome arms, followed by the separation of the centromeric regions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome movement towards spindle pole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome migration to spindle pole
+ biological_process
+ chromosome movement
+ The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes.
+ chromosome movement to spindle pole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic sister chromatid separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.
+ chromosome separation during mitosis
+ sister chromatid separation during mitosis
+ mitotic chromosome separation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic chromosome separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which chromosomes are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
+ chromosome separation during meiosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male meiosis chromosome separation
+
+
+ chromosome separation during male meiosis
+ The process by which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during male meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female meiosis chromosome separation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ chromosome separation during female meiosis
+ The process by which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during female meiosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metaphase plate congression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the spindle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic metaphase plate congression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metaphase plate congression during meiosis
+ The cell cycle process whereby chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome decondensation
+
+ The alteration of chromosome structure from the condensed form to a relaxed disperse form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of spindle microtubules to chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle chromosome attachment
+ biological_process
+ spindle-chromosome interaction
+ microtubule and chromosome interaction
+ The process by which spindle microtubules become physically associated with a chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with a chromosome during mitosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during mitosis. During mitosis, the kinetochores of sister chromosomes are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiotic chromosome segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiotic chromosome segregation.
+ attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of spindle microtubules to meiotic chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with a chromosome during meiosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G1 phase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:G1_phase
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G2 phase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:G2_phase
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S phase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through S phase, the part of the cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place.
+ Wikipedia:S_phase
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic cell cycle
+
+ biological_process
+ Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaphase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Anaphase
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through anaphase, the third stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, sister chromatids (or homologous chromosomes) separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metaphase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Metaphase
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through metaphase, the second stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prophase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through prophase, the first stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
+ Wikipedia:Prophase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interphase
+
+ karyostasis
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of chromosome segregation. Canonically, interphase is the stage of the cell cycle during which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Interphase
+ resting phase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telophase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Telophase
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through telophase, the last stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, telophase begins when the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ M phase of meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through M phase, the part of the meiotic cell cycle during which meiosis takes place.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interphase of meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of meiosis. Canonically, interphase is the stage of the cell cycle during which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interphase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of mitosis. Canonically, interphase is the stage of the cell cycle during which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G1 phase of meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the meiotic cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G2 phase of meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the meiotic cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ S phase of meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which a cell progresses through S phase, the part of the meiotic cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic nuclear envelope reassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby the reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiosis I nuclear envelope reassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis I.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiosis II nuclear envelope reassembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis II.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hydrolase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
+ hydrolase regulator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amitosis
+
+ biological_process
+ Nuclear division that occurs by simple constriction of the nucleus without chromosome condensation or spindle formation.
+ Remak nuclear division
+ direct nuclear division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transferase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ transferase regulator
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lyase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
+ gosubset_prok
+ lyase regulator
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ligase activity
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ ligase regulator
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. Ligase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 6.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oxidoreductase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
+ oxidoreductase regulator
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+
+ regulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
+ regulation of 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ biological_process
+ phosphodiesterase regulator
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.
+ 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase regulator
+ regulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase activity
+ regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase regulator
+ regulation of 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
+ cAMP phosphodiesterase regulator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+
+
+ positive regulation of 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
+ 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activator
+ positive regulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase activity
+ activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ biological_process
+ cAMP phosphodiesterase activator
+ stimulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activator
+ up regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ positive regulation of 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ phosphodiesterase activator
+ upregulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.
+ positive regulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
+ up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+
+
+ negative regulation of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity
+ downregulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ down-regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ negative regulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase activity
+ negative regulation of 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity
+ phosphodiesterase inhibitor
+ 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor
+ down regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.
+ 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor
+ cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of 3',5' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+ negative regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hydrolase activity
+
+
+ up-regulation of hydrolase activity
+ hydrolase activator
+ upregulation of hydrolase activity
+ up regulation of hydrolase activity
+ stimulation of hydrolase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of hydrolase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hydrolase activity
+
+
+ down-regulation of hydrolase activity
+ hydrolase inhibitor
+ inhibition of hydrolase activity
+ down regulation of hydrolase activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of hydrolase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transferase activity
+
+
+ up regulation of transferase activity
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of transferase activity
+ transferase activator
+ activation of transferase activity
+ up-regulation of transferase activity
+ upregulation of transferase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transferase activity
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of transferase activity
+ biological_process
+ transferase inhibitor
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of transferase activity, the catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from a donor compound to an acceptor.
+ inhibition of transferase activity
+ down-regulation of transferase activity
+ down regulation of transferase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lyase activity
+
+
+ upregulation of lyase activity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of lyase activity
+ lyase activator
+ activation of lyase activity
+ stimulation of lyase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
+ up regulation of lyase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lyase activity
+
+
+ inhibition of lyase activity
+ down regulation of lyase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of lyase activity, the catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond.
+ downregulation of lyase activity
+ down-regulation of lyase activity
+ biological_process
+ lyase inhibitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ligase activity
+
+
+ up-regulation of ligase activity
+ up regulation of ligase activity
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of ligase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of ligase activity
+ stimulation of ligase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.
+ ligase activator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ligase activity
+
+
+ downregulation of ligase activity
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of ligase activity
+ down regulation of ligase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation of ligase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate.
+ ligase inhibitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity
+
+
+ stimulation of oxidoreductase activity
+ oxidoreductase activator
+ up-regulation of oxidoreductase activity
+ upregulation of oxidoreductase activity
+ activation of oxidoreductase activity
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of oxidoreductase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity
+
+
+ inhibition of oxidoreductase activity
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of oxidoreductase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.
+ down-regulation of oxidoreductase activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of oxidoreductase activity
+ oxidoreductase inhibitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proprioception during equilibrioception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events during equilibrioception by which an organism senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body and its parts. Proprioception plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.
+ biological_process
+ equilibrioception by proprioception
+ perception of orientation with respect to gravity by proprioception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ visual perception during equilibrioception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perception of orientation with respect to gravity by visual perception
+ biological_process
+ equilibrioception by visual perception
+ The series of events during equilibrioception required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual input plays an important role in the ability of an organism to perceive its orientation with respect to gravity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 3-(2-methylthio)ethyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-iminopiperazin-2-one
+
+
+
+
+ The formation of a 2-keto-5-iminopiperazine protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n, a methionine, to the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n+1, a tyrosine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
+ biosynthetic process of protein-protein cross-link via L-methionyl-L-tyrosyl-2-keto-5-iminopiperazine
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0377
+ Note that this predicted modification is now thought not to exist. See the biological process term 'peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-methionine 5-imidazolinone glycine ; GO:0051359'.
+ biosynthesis of protein-protein cross-link via L-methionyl-L-tyrosyl-2-keto-5-iminopiperazine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-glutamic acid 5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ biosynthetic process of protein-protein cross-link via 2-imino-glutamic acid 5-imidazolinone glycine
+ The formation of the non-fluorescent protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a glutamic acid, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. This modification is found in the GFP-like non-fluorescent red chromoprotein from the sea anemone Radianthus macrodactylus.
+ RESID:AA0378
+ See also the biological process term 'peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation ; GO:0018251'.
+ biosynthesis of protein-protein cross-link via 2-imino-glutamic acid 5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 2-imino-methionine 5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+
+
+ biosynthesis of protein-protein cross-link via 2-imino-methionine 5-imidazolinone glycine
+ The formation of the fluorescent protein FP611 chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a methionine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. This modification is found in the GFP-like fluorescent chromoprotein from the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor.
+ biosynthetic process of protein-protein cross-link via 2-imino-methionine 5-imidazolinone glycine
+ RESID:AA0379
+ biological_process
+ See also the biological process term 'peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation ; GO:0018251'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-asparagine 5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ biosynthesis of protein-protein cross-link via L-asparagine 5-imidazolinone glycine
+ The formation of the fluorescent protein FP506 chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, an asparagine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
+ biosynthetic process of protein-protein cross-link via L-asparagine 5-imidazolinone glycine
+ RESID:AA0380
+ See also the biological process term 'peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation ; GO:0018251'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via L-lysine 5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+
+ biosynthetic process of protein-protein cross-link via L-lysine 5-imidazolinone glycine
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a fluorescent protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a lysine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons.
+ See also the biological process term 'peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation ; GO:0018251'.
+ biosynthesis of protein-protein cross-link via L-lysine 5-imidazolinone glycine
+ RESID:AA0381
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide cross-linking via 2-tetrahydropyridinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+
+ biosynthetic process of protein-protein cross-link via 2-tetrahydropyridinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
+ RESID:AA0382
+ See also the biological process term 'peptidyl-tyrosine dehydrogenation ; GO:0018251'.
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a 2-tetrahydropyridinyl-5-imidazolinone protein chromophore cross-link from the alpha-carboxyl carbon of residue n, a lysine, to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+2, a glycine, and a dehydration to form a double bond to the alpha-amino nitrogen of residue n+1. This cross-linking is coupled with a dehydrogenation of residue n+1 to form a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. In addition, the residue N lysine undergoes cyclization. The alpha-amino nitrogen is replaced by the epsilon-amino nitrogen, the peptide chain is broken, residue N-1 is released as an amide, and a double bond is formed between the alpha-carbon and the nitrogen so that a tetrahydropyridine ring results. This modification is found in the GFP-like fluorescent chromoprotein FP538 from the sea anemone Zoanthus species.
+ biosynthesis of protein-protein cross-link via 2-tetrahydropyridinyl-5-imidazolinone glycine
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidoglycan-protein cross-linking via L-alanyl-pentaglycyl-murein
+
+
+ RESID:AA0383
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Note that this modification may be unique to the species Finegoldia (Peptostreptococcus) magnus.
+ The process of linking a protein to peptidoglycan via a carboxy terminal alanine carboxyl group through a pentaglycyl peptide to the lysine or diaminopimelic acid of the peptidoglycan.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-terminal peptidyl-proline N-formylation
+
+
+ RESID:AA0384
+ The formylation of the N-terminal proline of proteins to form the derivative N-formylproline.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to potassium ion starvation
+
+ A change in the state or activity of a cell (in terms of enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of potassium ions.
+ cellular response to potassium ion deprivation
+ cellular response to K+ ion starvation
+ biological_process
+ cellular response to K+ ion deprivation
+ cellular response to potassium starvation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid decanoylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of a protein amino acid by formation of an ester or amide with decanoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine decanoylation
+
+
+ The posttranslational decanoylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-serine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0385
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-threonine octanoylation
+
+
+ The posttranslational octanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-octanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
+ biological_process
+ RESID:AA0386
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-threonine decanoylation
+
+
+ The posttranslational decanoylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O3-decanoyl-L-threonine, typical of the protein ghrelin.
+ RESID:AA0387
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinetochore assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
+ kinetochore biogenesis
+ kinetochore formation
+ centromere and kinetochore complex maturation
+ centromere/kinetochore complex maturation
+ kinetochore biosynthesis
+ GO:0000069
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinetochore organization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ kinetochore organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the kinetochore, a multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
+ kinetochore organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to glucocorticoid stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to mineralocorticoid stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NGF receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of NGF receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
+ regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of NGF receptor signaling pathway
+ down regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
+ down-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of NGF receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
+ up regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ up-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ upregulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ stimulation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of NGF receptor signaling pathway
+ activation of nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of NGF receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inactivation of MAPKK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase kinase.
+ biological_process
+ termination of MAP kinase kinase activity
+ inactivation of MAP kinase kinase activity
+ termination of MAPKK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inactivation of MAPKKK activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that terminates the activity of the active enzyme MAP kinase kinase kinase.
+ termination of MAPKKK activity
+ inactivation of MAP kinase kinase kinase activity
+ biological_process
+ termination of MAP kinase kinase kinase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA acetylation
+
+ The modification of tRNA structure by addition of an acetyl group to tRNA. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor receptor.
+ regulation of NGF receptor activity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+ down regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+ downregulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+ negative regulation of NGF receptor activity
+ inhibition of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NGF receptor activity
+ activation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the nerve growth factor receptor.
+ stimulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+ upregulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+ up-regulation of nerve growth factor receptor activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron apoptosis
+
+ neuronal cell programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ programmed cell death of neurons by apoptosis
+ apoptosis of neurons
+ The process of apoptosis in neurons, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
+ programmed cell death, neuronal cells
+ apoptosis of neuronal cells
+ biological_process
+ neuron programmed cell death by apoptosis
+ neuronal cell apoptosis
+ programmed cell death, neurons
+ programmed cell death of neuronal cells by apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stress-activated MAPK cascade
+
+
+ p38 MAPK signaling
+ MAPK12 cascade
+ stress-activated MAPK signalling pathway
+ stress-activated MAPKKK signalling pathway
+ stress-activated MAPK signaling pathway
+ p38 cascade
+ SAPK cascade
+ p38 MAPK signalling
+ MAPK14 cascade
+ stress-activated MAPKKK cascade
+ stress-activated MAPKKK signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals in which a stress-activated MAP kinase cascade relays one or more of the signals; MAP kinase cascades involve at least three protein kinase activities and culminate in the phosphorylation and activation of a MAP kinase.
+ MAPK11 cascade
+ MAPK13 cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to nitrosative stress
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detoxification of nitrogen compound
+
+
+
+ detoxification of nitrogenous compound
+ biological_process
+ Any process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances.
+ nitric oxide (NO) detoxification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to corticosterone stimulus
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cortisone stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisone stimulus. Cortisone is a natural glucocorticoid steroid hormone that is metabolically convertible to cortisol. Cortisone is synthesized from cholesterol in the cortex of the adrenal gland under the stimulation of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH). The main physiological effect of cortisone is on carbohydrate metabolism; it can stimulate increased glucose release from the liver, increased liver glycogen synthesis, and decreased utilization of glucose by the tissues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cortisol stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cortisol stimulus. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid synthesized in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; it affects the metabolism of glucose, protein, and fats and has appreciable mineralocorticoid activity. It also regulates the immune system and affects many other functions.
+ biological_process
+ response to hydrocortisone stimulus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interphase microtubule nucleation by interphase microtubule organizing center
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule by the interphase microtubule organizing center during interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of chromosome segregation.
+ microtubule nucleation during interphase by interphase microtubule organizing center
+ IMTOC-mediated microtubule nucleation during interphase
+ interphase microtubule nucleation by interphase microtubule organising centre
+ microtubule nucleation during interphase by IMTOC
+ biological_process
+ interphase microtubule organizing center-mediated microtubule nucleation during interphase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule nucleation by spindle pole body
+
+ The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the spindle pole body.
+ SPB-mediated microtubule nucleation
+ biological_process
+ microtubule nucleation by SPB
+ spindle pole body-mediated microtubule nucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule nucleation by microtubule organizing center
+
+ microtubule organizing center-mediated microtubule nucleation
+ microtubule nucleation by microtubule organising centre
+ The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule, mediated by the microtubule organizing center.
+ biological_process
+ microtubule nucleation by MTOC
+ MTOC-mediated microtubule nucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.
+ xylanase regulator
+ endo-1,4-beta-xylanase regulator
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the rate of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.
+ inhibition of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+ downregulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+ down-regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+ xylanase inhibitor
+ endo-1,4-beta-xylanase inhibitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+
+
+ xylanase activator
+ stimulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+ endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activator
+ upregulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+ activation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity, the catalysis of the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans.
+ up regulation of endo-1,4-beta-xylanase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole body maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the newly duplicated spindle pole body (SPB) is processed to attain its full functional capacity. In S. pombe, early maturation includes increase in size of the lamellar bodies, invagination of the nuclear envelope, and accumulation of material in a pocket under the SPB. Late maturation includes fenestration of the nuclear envelope, SPB separation and entry into the nucleus, giving rise to the spindle.
+ SPB maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+ Reactome:279794
+ Reactome:205333
+ Reactome:224161
+ Reactome:268363
+ mitotic SCF complex inhibitor
+ Reactome:221521
+ Reactome:251887
+ Reactome:242235
+ Reactome:238166
+ mitotic ubiquitin ligase inhibitor
+ mitotic anaphase-promoting complex inhibitor
+ down-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:272160
+ Reactome:285037
+ Reactome:141405
+ Reactome:265238
+ Reactome:234526
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:211754
+ Reactome:214685
+ Reactome:264678
+ Reactome:255640
+ Reactome:214680
+ Reactome:236794
+ Reactome:236793
+ Reactome:224156
+ Reactome:174235
+ Reactome:174079
+ Reactome:258367
+ Reactome:174139
+ Reactome:211831
+ Reactome:220043
+ anaphase-promoting complex inhibition during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:273335
+ Reactome:210209
+ APC inhibition during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:210208
+ Reactome:228631
+ Reactome:280548
+ Reactome:228630
+ Reactome:174084
+ Reactome:207432
+ negative regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:279795
+ Reactome:273334
+ down regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ mitotic anaphase-promoting complex inhibition
+ Reactome:248864
+ Reactome:244807
+ Reactome:261840
+ Reactome:282372
+ Reactome:217035
+ anaphase promoting complex inhibition during mitotic cell cycle
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the mitotic cell cycle.
+ Reactome:274029
+ mitotic APC inhibition
+ Reactome:267834
+ Reactome:267832
+ Reactome:274074
+ Reactome:280507
+ Reactome:255069
+ Reactome:220042
+ Reactome:278147
+ Reactome:259034
+ Reactome:230196
+ Reactome:174251
+ Reactome:221596
+ Reactome:238230
+ Reactome:174097
+ Reactome:232625
+ Reactome:252478
+ downregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:286529
+ Reactome:286565
+ Reactome:285935
+ inhibition of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:232620
+ Reactome:285936
+ mitotic anaphase promoting complex inhibition
+ mitotic APC inhibitor
+ Reactome:262399
+ Reactome:244755
+ Reactome:230140
+ Reactome:225859
+ Reactome:205338
+ mitotic anaphase promoting complex inhibitor
+ Reactome:243841
+ Reactome:243842
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+ Reactome:204045
+ Reactome:230174
+ Reactome:222830
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity during the mitotic cell cycle.
+ Reactome:275312
+ Reactome:286552
+ Reactome:259083
+ upregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:274058
+ Reactome:230238
+ Reactome:221572
+ Reactome:176412
+ Reactome:269402
+ Reactome:280534
+ Reactome:286607
+ Reactome:174113
+ positive regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:174238
+ stimulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:231347
+ Reactome:239364
+ up regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:211883
+ mitotic ubiquitin ligase activator
+ Reactome:265278
+ mitotic SCF complex activator
+ Reactome:238277
+ Reactome:249766
+ Reactome:283577
+ Reactome:255691
+ Reactome:211808
+ Reactome:238210
+ Reactome:213017
+ Reactome:262443
+ up-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:244788
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:221647
+ Reactome:244876
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine.
+ regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
+ APC regulator
+ SCF complex regulator
+ ubiquitin ligase regulator
+ ubiquitin-protein ligase regulator
+ anaphase-promoting complex regulator
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:258992
+ Reactome:259065
+ mitotic APC regulator
+ Reactome:265263
+ Reactome:238084
+ mitotic SCF complex regulator
+ mitotic ubiquitin-protein ligase regulator
+ mitotic ubiquitin ligase regulator
+ Reactome:282833
+ Reactome:244694
+ regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ Reactome:176407
+ Reactome:249745
+ Reactome:280460
+ Reactome:244690
+ Reactome:273978
+ Reactome:221429
+ Reactome:176408
+ Reactome:262363
+ Reactome:249666
+ Reactome:230065
+ Reactome:221433
+ Reactome:230061
+ Reactome:252447
+ Reactome:252500
+ Reactome:268391
+ Reactome:265207
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:238081
+ Reactome:286479
+ Reactome:255612
+ Reactome:211657
+ mitotic anaphase-promoting complex regulator
+ Reactome:273981
+ Reactome:268331
+ Reactome:262427
+ Reactome:286539
+ Reactome:255673
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the mitotic cell cycle.
+ Reactome:211661
+ Reactome:280457
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic APC regulator
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
+ meiotic ubiquitin ligase regulator
+ meiotic ubiquitin-protein ligase regulator
+ regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ meiotic anaphase-promoting complex regulator
+ meiotic SCF complex regulator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+ meiotic ubiquitin ligase activator
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
+ positive regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+ upregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+ meiotic SCF complex activator
+ up-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+ stimulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+ meiotic APC inhibitor
+ negative regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+ anaphase-promoting complex inhibition during meiotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ meiotic anaphase promoting complex inhibitor
+ downregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+ meiotic ubiquitin ligase inhibitor
+ APC inhibition during meiotic cell cycle
+ meiotic anaphase-promoting complex inhibitor
+ meiotic anaphase-promoting complex inhibition
+ meiotic anaphase promoting complex inhibition
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
+ down-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+ meiotic APC inhibition
+ down regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+ anaphase promoting complex inhibition during meiotic cell cycle
+ inhibition of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
+ meiotic SCF complex inhibitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity
+
+
+ upregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
+ APC activation
+ APC activator
+ positive regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
+ up-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
+ anaphase promoting complex activator
+ anaphase-promoting complex activator
+ up regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
+ biological_process
+ ubiquitin ligase activator
+ SCF complex activator
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine.
+ stimulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity
+
+
+ APC inhibition
+ anaphase promoting complex inhibition
+ APC inhibitor
+ downregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
+ SCF complex inhibitor
+ inhibition of ubiquitin ligase activity
+ anaphase promoting complex inhibitor
+ anaphase-promoting complex inhibition
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: ATP + ubiquitin + protein lysine = AMP + diphosphate + protein N-ubiquityllysine.
+ ubiquitin ligase inhibitor
+ anaphase-promoting complex inhibitor
+ negative regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
+ down regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
+ down-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic cell cycle control
+ meiotic cell cycle regulator
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
+ modulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
+ regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ control of meiotic cell cycle progression
+ regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
+ meiotic cell cycle modulation
+ meiotic cell cycle regulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+ positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
+ activation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+ up regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+ up-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+ positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+ stimulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+ downregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+ down-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+ negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+ down regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ myoblast migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The orderly movement of myoblasts from one site to another, often during the development of a multicellular organism. A myoblast is a cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular pH reduction
+
+
+ cellular acidification
+ biological_process
+ cell pH reduction
+ Any process that reduces the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
+ reduction of cellular pH
+ reduction of pH in cell
+ intracellular acidification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of intracellular pH
+
+ Any process that modulates the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
+ regulation of cell pH
+ cell pH regulation
+ pH regulation in cell
+ biological_process
+ cellular pH regulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular pH elevation
+
+
+ elevation of cellular pH
+ biological_process
+ cellular alkalinization
+ cell pH elevation
+ Any process that increases the internal pH of a cell, measured by the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
+ pH elevation in cell
+ intracellular alkalinization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monopolar attachment
+ Note that the synonym 'monopolar attachment' refers to the normal attachment of sister chromosomes to the spindle in meiosis I, and not to the aberrant attachment of sister kinetochores to a single pole in mitosis.
+ biological_process
+ sister kinetochore monoorientation
+ The process by which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiosis I. During meiosis I sister kinetochores are lying next to each other facing the same spindle pole and monopolar attachment of the chromatid to the spindle occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiosis II. During meiosis II sister kinetochores are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of protein location in nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear protein sequestering
+ protein retention in nucleus
+ Any process by which a protein is maintained in the nucleus and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the nucleus, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the nucleus.
+ protein-nuclear retention
+ storage of protein in nucleus
+ nuclear protein sequestration
+ sequestration of protein in nucleus
+ protein storage in nucleus
+ maintenance of nuclear protein localization
+ nuclear protein retention
+ biological_process
+ protein sequestration in nucleus
+ maintenance of protein location in cell nucleus
+ maintenance of protein localization in nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adrenocorticotropin secretion
+
+ corticotropic hormone secretion
+ ATCH secretion
+ adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion
+ biological_process
+ adrenotropic hormone secretion
+ adrenotropin secretion
+ corticotropin secretion
+ The regulated release of adrenocorticotropin hormone, also known as corticotropin, by a cell or group of cells. Adrenocorticotropin hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesized and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secreteion
+ regulation of adrenotropin hormone secretion
+ regulation of corticotropin secretion
+ regulation of corticotropic hormone secretion
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from a cell or group of cells.
+ regulation of ATCH secretion
+ biological_process
+ regulation of adrenotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+ negative regulation of corticotropic hormone secretion
+ negative regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion
+ negative regulation of adrenotropic hormone secretion
+ negative regulation of adrenotropin secretion
+ down-regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+ negative regulation of ATCH secretion
+ negative regulation of corticotropin secretion
+ inhibition of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+ downregulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adrenocorticotropic hormone from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of corticotropin secretion
+ positive regulation of ATCH secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adrenocorticotropin hormone from a cell or group of cells.
+ positive regulation of adrenotropic hormone secretion
+ up regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+ positive regulation of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion
+ stimulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of corticotropic hormone secretion
+ upregulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+ up-regulation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+ activation of adrenocorticotropin secretion
+ positive regulation of adrenotropin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cortisol secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cortisol secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of cortisol secretion
+ down-regulation of cortisol secretion
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell or group of cells.
+ inhibition of cortisol secretion
+ down regulation of cortisol secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cortisol secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of cortisol secretion
+ stimulation of cortisol secretion
+ activation of cortisol secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cortisol from a cell or group of cells.
+ up regulation of cortisol secretion
+ upregulation of cortisol secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell or group of cells.
+ down-regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+ down regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+ inhibition of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+ negative regulation of CRF secretion
+ negative regulation of CRH secretion
+ downregulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+ negative regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+ positive regulation of CRF secretion
+ positive regulation of CRH secretion
+ upregulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+ stimulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+ positive regulation of corticotropin-releasing factor secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from a cell or group of cells.
+ up-regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+ biological_process
+ activation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of steroid hormone stimulus
+
+
+ The series of events by which a steroid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of glucocorticoid hormone stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events by which a glucocorticoid hormone stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle fusion with vacuole
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the vacuole.
+ heterotypic vacuole fusion (non-autophagic)
+ heterotypic vacuole fusion, non-autophagic
+ biological_process
+ GO:0042146
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ectoine transport
+
+ The directed movement of ectoine into, out of, within or between cells. Ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid) is a tetrahydropyrimidine commonly synthesized by halophilic bacteria.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosylglycerol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.
+ biological_process
+ glucosylglycerol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosylglycerol biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol.
+ glucosylglycerol synthesis
+ glucosylglycerol anabolism
+ glucosylglycerol biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ glucosylglycerol formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucosylglycerol transport
+
+ The directed movement of glucosylglycerol, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1,2)-glycerol, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannosylglycerate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of mannosylglycerate into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannosylglycerate metabolic process
+
+ mannosylglycerate metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mannosylglycerate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ mannosylglycerate anabolism
+ mannosylglycerate synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of mannosylglycerate, a very common compatible solute in thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms.
+ biological_process
+ mannosylglycerate formation
+ mannosylglycerate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic calcium ion homeostasis
+
+ regulation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration
+ calcium ion homeostasis in cytoplasm
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of calcium ions within the cytosol of a cell or between the cytosol and its surroundings.
+ regulation of calcium ion concentration in cytoplasm
+ cytosolic calcium ion concentration regulation
+ regulation of calcium ion concentration in cytosol
+ cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration regulation
+ cytoplasmic calcium ion homeostasis
+ calcium ion homeostasis in cytosol
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reduction of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
+
+ Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytodol.
+ reduction of calcium ion concentration in cytoplasm
+ cytosolic calcium ion concentration reduction
+ cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration reduction
+ biological_process
+ reduction of calcium ion concentration in cytosol
+ reduction of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration during G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol during the process of G-protein signaling coupled to IP3 second messenger.
+ elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytosol during G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
+ elevation of calcium ion concentration in cytoplasm during G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
+ biological_process
+ elevation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration during G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
+ elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration during G-protein signalling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
+ elevation of cytoplasmic calcium ion concentration during G-protein signaling, coupled to IP3 second messenger (phospholipase C activating)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent
+
+ terpenoid anabolism, mevalonate-independent
+ mevalonate-independent terpene biosynthetic process
+ terpene biosynthesis, mevalonate-independent
+ mevalonate-independent terpene biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids, independent of mevalonate. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-independent biosynthesis, it is produced from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
+ terpenoid formation, mevalonate-independent
+ terpene biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent
+ mevalonate-independent terpenoid biosynthesis
+ terpenoid synthesis, mevalonate-independent
+ mevalonate-independent terpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid formation
+ isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid synthesis
+ MetaCyc:NONMEVIPP-PWY
+ biological_process
+ isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid biosynthesis
+ isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate-independent pathway, during terpenoid anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate-independent pathway during terpenoid biosynthesis. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in isoprenoid biosynthesis and is biosynthesized from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via intermediates, including 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ terpenoid biosynthetic process, mevalonate-dependent
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of terpenoids via isopentenyl diphosphate, synthesized by the mevalonate pathway. Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the fundamental unit in terpenoid biosynthesis, and in mevalonate-dependent terpenoid biosynthesis, acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, is converted to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.
+ terpene biosynthetic process, mevalonate-dependent
+ biological_process
+ terpene biosynthesis, mevalonate-dependent
+ terpenoid formation, mevalonate-dependent
+ terpenoid synthesis, mevalonate-dependent
+ terpenoid anabolism, mevalonate-dependent
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthetic process, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid biosynthesis
+ isopentenyl diphosphate synthesis, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid synthesis
+ isopentenyl diphosphate anabolism, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid anabolism
+ isopentenyl diphosphate formation, mevalonate pathway, during terpenoid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate by the mevalonate pathway during terpenoid biosynthesis. This pathway converts acetate, in the form of acetyl-CoA, to isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) through a series of mevalonate intermediates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of anaphase-promoting complex activity during meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of anaphase-promoting complex during meiotic cell cycle
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of APC during meiotic cell cycle
+ APC activation during meiotic cell cycle
+ meiotic APC activation
+ meiotic anaphase-promoting complex activator
+ anaphase-promoting complex activation during meiotic cell cycle
+ meiotic APC activator
+ Any process that initiates the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex during the meiotic cell cycle.
+ meiotic anaphase promoting complex activator
+ anaphase promoting complex activation during meiotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ meiotic anaphase promoting complex activation
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of anaphase promoting complex during meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of anaphase-promoting complex activity
+
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of anaphase-promoting complex
+ Any process that initiates the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex.
+ anaphase-promoting complex activator
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of anaphase promoting complex
+ anaphase promoting complex activation
+ activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of APC
+ APC activation
+ biological_process
+ anaphase-promoting complex activation
+ anaphase promoting complex activator
+ APC activator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of filopodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of filopodia biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of filopodia formation
+ regulation of filopodium formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of filopodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of filopodium formation
+ downregulation of filopodium formation
+ negative regulation of filopodia biosynthesis
+ down-regulation of filopodium formation
+ negative regulation of filopodia formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of filopodium formation
+ inhibition of filopodium formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of filopodium assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of filopodium formation
+ positive regulation of filopodia formation
+ positive regulation of filopodia biosynthesis
+ up regulation of filopodium formation
+ positive regulation of filopodium formation
+ upregulation of filopodium formation
+ stimulation of filopodium formation
+ activation of filopodium formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of stress fiber formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of stress fibre formation
+ regulation of stress fibre biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytoskeleton organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
+ inhibition of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ down-regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ negative regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ downregulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
+ up-regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ upregulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ up regulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ stimulation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ activation of cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of stress fiber formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of stress fiber formation
+ stimulation of stress fiber formation
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of stress fiber formation
+ positive regulation of stress fibre formation
+ up regulation of stress fiber formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
+ up-regulation of stress fiber formation
+ positive regulation of stress fibre biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of stress fiber formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of stress fiber formation
+ negative regulation of stress fibre biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of stress fibre formation
+ downregulation of stress fiber formation
+ inhibition of stress fiber formation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of stress fiber formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diterpene phytoalexin metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ diterpene phytoalexin metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving diterpene phytoalexins, a class of diterpene formed in plants in response to fungal infection, physical damage, chemical injury, or a pathogenic process; they are sometimes referred to as plant antibiotics. Diterpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing 20 carbon atoms and 4 branched methyl groups and are made up of isoprenoid units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diterpene phytoalexin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ diterpene phytoalexin synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of diterpene phytoalexins, terpenoids with 20 carbons produced by plants in response to environmental stresses.
+ diterpene phytoalexin formation
+ diterpene phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ diterpene phytoalexin anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adenine nucleotide transport
+
+ The directed movement of adenine nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and/or AMP, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diterpene phytoalexin precursor biosynthetic process pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2981
+ diterpene phytoalexin precursor synthesis pathway
+ A branched pathway that produces the precursors to four structurally distinct types of polycyclic diterpenes. The pathway starts with the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate into ent-copalyl diphosphate and syn-copalyl diphosphate. The catalytic conversion by diterpene cyclases of these two compounds produces the four diterpene hydrocarbons which are precursors to the four structurally distinct classes of diterpene phytoalexins.
+ biological_process
+ diterpene phytoalexin precursor formation pathway
+ diterpene phytoalexin precursor anabolism pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of unidimensional cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of unidimensional cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of unidimensional cell growth
+ down-regulation of unidimensional cell growth
+ down regulation of unidimensional cell growth
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of unidimensional cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of unidimensional cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of unidimensional cell growth
+ upregulation of unidimensional cell growth
+ up-regulation of unidimensional cell growth
+ activation of unidimensional cell growth
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of unidimensional cell growth, the process by which a cell irreversibly increases in size in one [spatial] dimension or along one axis.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of unidimensional cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of monopolar cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of monopolar cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of monopolar cell growth
+ inhibition of monopolar cell growth
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of monopolar cell growth
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
+ down-regulation of monopolar cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of monopolar cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of monopolar cell growth
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
+ stimulation of monopolar cell growth
+ up-regulation of monopolar cell growth
+ upregulation of monopolar cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of bipolar cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of bipolar cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of bipolar cell growth
+ down regulation of bipolar cell growth
+ downregulation of bipolar cell growth
+ inhibition of bipolar cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of bipolar cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of bipolar cell growth
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
+ upregulation of bipolar cell growth
+ stimulation of bipolar cell growth
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of bipolar cell growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of bipolar cell growth
+
+ NETO
+ biological_process
+ new end take off
+ Any process that initiates the inactive process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
+ new end take-off
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ termination of bipolar cell growth
+
+ Any process that stops the active process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from both ends of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ termination of monopolar cell growth
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops the active process of bipolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of monopolar cell growth
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that initiates the inactive process of monopolar cell growth, polarized growth from one end of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell growth mode switching, monopolar to bipolar
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell switches from monopolar cell growth to bipolar cell growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell growth mode switch, bipolar to monopolar
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell switches from bipolar cell growth to monopolar cell growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ NFAT protein import into nucleus
+
+ NFAT protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ NFAT protein-nucleus import
+ NFAT protein nuclear translocation
+ The directed movement of NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) proteins, a family of transcription factors, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. NFAT proteins are dephosphorylated in the cytoplasm by activated calcineurin, which leads to their translocation across the nuclear membrane.
+ biological_process
+ NFAT protein import into cell nucleus
+ NFAT protein nucleus import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of NFAT protein-nucleus import
+ regulation of NFAT protein import into cell nucleus
+ regulation of NFAT protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of an NFAT protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+ upregulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+ up regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+ biological_process
+ activation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+ positive regulation of NFAT protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ positive regulation of NFAT protein-nucleus import
+ up-regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of an NFAT protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
+ positive regulation of NFAT protein import into cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of an NFAT protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
+ negative regulation of NFAT protein transport from cytoplasm to nucleus
+ downregulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+ inhibition of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+ down regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus
+ negative regulation of NFAT protein-nucleus import
+ negative regulation of NFAT protein import into cell nucleus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elastin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving elastin, a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.
+ biological_process
+ elastin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elastin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin, a fibrous glycoprotein found in elastic tissues such as the walls of arteries.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin.
+ stimulation of elastin biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of elastin biosynthetic process
+ activation of elastin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of elastin.
+ downregulation of elastin biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of elastin biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of elastin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ keratinocyte migration
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of keratinocytes, epidermal cells which synthesize keratin, from one site to another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of keratinocyte migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of keratinocyte migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of keratinocyte migration
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.
+ down regulation of keratinocyte migration
+ down-regulation of keratinocyte migration
+ downregulation of keratinocyte migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of keratinocyte migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of keratinocyte migration
+ upregulation of keratinocyte migration
+ stimulation of keratinocyte migration
+ up regulation of keratinocyte migration
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte migration.
+ activation of keratinocyte migration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aurone metabolic process
+
+
+ aurone metabolism
+ benzalcoumaran-3-one metabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving aurones, a series of plant flavonoids that provide a yellow colour to flowers. They have the basic skeletal structure of two benzene rings joined by a linear C3 chain (C6-C3-C6). Aurones exist mostly as 6-O-glucosides.
+ benzalcoumaran-3-one metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aurone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ benzalcoumaran-3-one biosynthesis
+ benzalcoumaran-3-one biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aurones, a series of yellow plant pigments.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavone metabolic process
+
+
+ 2-phenylchromone metabolic process
+ 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one metabolic process
+ 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavones, a class of pigmented plant compounds based on 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-phenylchromone).
+ biological_process
+ flavone metabolism
+ 2-phenylchromone metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ 2-phenylchromone biosynthesis
+ 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavones, a class of pigmented plant compounds based on 2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (2-phenylchromone).
+ 2-phenylchromone biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavonol metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.
+ flavonol metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavonol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of flavonols, a member of a class of vascular pigments formed by consecutive oxidative processes from the flavonoid intermediates flavanones and dihydroflavonols. Flavonols are the most widespread of the flavonoids and have a wide array of physiological activities.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3101
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucoanthocyanidin metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving leucoanthocyanidins, a class of colorless intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the pigmented flavonoids.
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY1F-823
+ leucoanthocyanidin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucoanthocyanidin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of leucoanthocyanidins, a class of colorless intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of the pigmented flavonoids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phlobaphene metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.
+ biological_process
+ phlobaphene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phlobaphene biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phlobaphenes, red pigments with oligomeric or polymeric structure derived from the flavonoid intermediate flavan-4-ols.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial calcium ion homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of calcium ions within the cytoplasm of a cell or between mitochondria and their surroundings.
+ regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration
+ calcium ion homeostasis in mitochondrion
+ mitochondrial calcium ion concentration regulation
+ regulation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondrion
+ regulation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondria
+ calcium ion homeostasis in mitochondria
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elevation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration
+
+ elevation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondria
+ elevation of calcium ion concentration in mitochondrion
+ mitochondrial calcium ion concentration elevation
+ Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reduction of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration
+
+ Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in mitochondria.
+ reduction of calcium ion concentration in mitochondria
+ biological_process
+ reduction of calcium ion concentration in mitochondrion
+ mitochondrial calcium ion concentration reduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis
+
+ calcium ion homeostasis in smooth endoplasmic reticulum
+ regulation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
+ smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration regulation
+ regulation of calcium ion concentration in smooth ER
+ smooth ER calcium ion concentration regulation
+ smooth ER calcium ion homeostasis
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of calcium ions within the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.
+ regulation of smooth ER calcium ion concentration
+ biological_process
+ regulation of calcium ion concentration in smooth endoplasmic reticulum
+ calcium ion homeostasis in smooth ER
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elevation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
+
+
+ elevation of calcium ion concentration in smooth endoplasmic reticulum
+ Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
+ biological_process
+ elevation of smooth ER calcium ion concentration
+ smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration elevation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reduction of smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
+ smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration reduction
+ smooth ER calcium ion concentration reduction
+ biological_process
+ reduction of calcium ion concentration in smooth endoplasmic reticulum
+ reduction of calcium ion concentration in smooth ER
+ reduction of smooth ER calcium ion concentration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K9 methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 9 of the histone.
+ histone H3K9me
+ histone lysine H3 K9 methylation
+ histone H3 K9 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K4 methylation
+
+ histone lysine H3 K4 methylation
+ The modification of histone H3 by addition of a methyl group to lysine at position 4 of the histone.
+ histone H3 K4 methylation
+ histone H3K4me
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of histone H3-K4 methylation
+ stimulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
+ up regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
+ up-regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
+ down-regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.
+ downregulation of histone H3-K4 methylation
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of histone H3-K4 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.
+ inhibition of histone H3-K9 methylation
+ down-regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
+ down regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
+ downregulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 9 of histone H3.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
+ stimulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
+ activation of histone H3-K9 methylation
+ up-regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
+ upregulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of neurotransmitter import
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
+ regulation of neurotransmitter reuptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neurotransmitter import
+ down-regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
+ downregulation of neurotransmitter uptake
+ down regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of neurotransmitter uptake
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of neurotransmitter import
+ activation of neurotransmitter uptake
+ up-regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a neuron or glial cell.
+ up regulation of neurotransmitter uptake
+ upregulation of neurotransmitter uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dopamine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dopamine reuptake
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of dopamine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline.
+ dopamine import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of dopamine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of dopamine import
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine into a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of dopamine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell.
+ downregulation of dopamine uptake
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of dopamine uptake
+ negative regulation of dopamine import
+ down regulation of dopamine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of dopamine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of dopamine uptake
+ up-regulation of dopamine uptake
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell.
+ positive regulation of dopamine import
+ stimulation of dopamine uptake
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of dopamine uptake
+ up regulation of dopamine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of dopamine uptake
+
+
+ Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of dopamine into a cell.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of dopamine import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neurotransmitter transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neurotransmitter transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of neurotransmitter transport
+ inhibition of neurotransmitter transport
+ downregulation of neurotransmitter transport
+ down regulation of neurotransmitter transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neurotransmitter transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of neurotransmitter transport
+ up-regulation of neurotransmitter transport
+ up regulation of neurotransmitter transport
+ stimulation of neurotransmitter transport
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into, out of, within or between cells.
+ upregulation of neurotransmitter transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cAMP
+
+ response to cyclic AMP
+ response to 3',5'-cAMP
+ biological_process
+ response to adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
+ response to 3',5' cAMP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to calcium ion
+
+ response to Ca2+ ion
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to folic acid
+
+
+ response to folate
+ response to vitamin B9
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a folic acid stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of glucose
+
+
+ biological_process
+ glucose sensing
+ glucose detection
+ The series of events in which a glucose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ glucose perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to methylglyoxal
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylglyoxal stimulus.
+ response to pyruvaldehyde
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methylglyoxal catabolic process
+
+
+ methylglyoxal degradation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of methylglyoxal, CH3-CO-CHO, the aldehyde of pyruvic acid.
+ methylglyoxal breakdown
+ methylglyoxal catabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to methylmercury
+
+ response to CH3-Hg+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus.
+ response to MeHg+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic recombination checkpoint
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A checkpoint during late prophase I (pachytene) which prevents segregation of homologous chromosomes until recombination is completed and ensures proper distribution of the genetic material to the gametes.
+ pachytene checkpoint
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to hydrostatic pressure
+
+
+ response to biomechanical stress
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrostatic pressure stimulus. Hydrostatic pressure is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is at rest (as opposed to moving). The weight of the fluid above the object creates pressure on it.
+ response to static fluid pressure
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of exocyst localization during endocytosis
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts during endocytosis. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where secretory vesicles dock and fuse.
+ spatial regulation of endocytosis
+ biological_process
+ relocation of endocytosis
+ regulation of site selection of endocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exocyst localization
+
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of exocyst localization
+ Any process by which an exocyst is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where secretory vesicles dock and fuse.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to electrical stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.
+ response to electricity
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ proteolysis during cellular protein catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
+ peptidolysis during cellular protein catabolism
+ peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolism
+ The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein during the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
+ peptidolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
+ proteolysis during cellular protein catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage
+
+ biological_process
+ protein maturation by proteolysis
+ peptidolysis during protein maturation
+ protein maturation by peptide bond hydrolysis
+ The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of protein maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of stimulus
+
+ perception of stimulus
+ stimulus sensing
+ The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal.
+ stimulus detection
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defense response to virus
+
+
+
+ antiviral response
+ defence response to virus
+ biological_process
+ defense response to viruses
+ Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine transport
+
+ The directed movement of histamine into, out of, within or between cells. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of neurotransmitter uptake
+
+ Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of a neurotransmitter into a cell.
+ inhibition of neurotransmitter import
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin uptake
+
+
+ The directed movement of serotonin into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a monoamine neurotransmitter occurring in the peripheral and central nervous systems.
+ 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
+ 5HT uptake
+ 5-HT uptake
+ serotonin import
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of serotonin uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
+ regulation of serotonin import
+ regulation of 5-HT uptake
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin into a cell.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of 5HT uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of serotonin uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of 5HT uptake
+ negative regulation of serotonin import
+ down regulation of serotonin uptake
+ down-regulation of serotonin uptake
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of serotonin uptake
+ negative regulation of 5-HT uptake
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.
+ negative regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of serotonin uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of serotonin uptake
+ positive regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of serotonin uptake
+ activation of serotonin uptake
+ positive regulation of 5-HT uptake
+ positive regulation of serotonin import
+ upregulation of serotonin uptake
+ up regulation of serotonin uptake
+ positive regulation of 5HT uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of serotonin uptake
+
+
+ inhibition of serotonin import
+ biological_process
+ Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.
+ inhibition of 5HT uptake
+ inhibition of 5-HT uptake
+ inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histamine uptake
+
+
+ biological_process
+ histamine import
+ The directed movement of histamine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Histamine is a physiologically active amine, found in plant and animal tissue and released from mast cells as part of an allergic reaction in humans.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histamine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter histamine into a cell.
+ regulation of histamine import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histamine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of histamine uptake
+ down-regulation of histamine uptake
+ downregulation of histamine uptake
+ negative regulation of histamine import
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histamine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.
+ stimulation of histamine uptake
+ up-regulation of histamine uptake
+ activation of histamine uptake
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of histamine uptake
+ upregulation of histamine uptake
+ positive regulation of histamine import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of histamine uptake
+
+
+ Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of histamine into a cell.
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of histamine import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ norepinephrine uptake
+
+
+ biological_process
+ norepinephrine import
+ levarterenol uptake
+ The directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Norepinephrine (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol) is a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine.
+ noradrenaline uptake
+ noradrenaline reuptake
+ norepinephrine reuptake
+ levarterenol reuptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of norepinephrine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of norepinephrine import
+ regulation of noradrenaline uptake
+ regulation of levarterenol uptake
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine into a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of noradrenaline uptake
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of norepinephrine uptake
+ negative regulation of norepinephrine import
+ downregulation of norepinephrine uptake
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.
+ negative regulation of levarterenol uptake
+ down regulation of norepinephrine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of norepinephrine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of norepinephrine uptake
+ positive regulation of norepinephrine import
+ upregulation of norepinephrine uptake
+ positive regulation of levarterenol uptake
+ up regulation of norepinephrine uptake
+ positive regulation of noradrenaline uptake
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of norepinephrine uptake
+ activation of norepinephrine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of norepinephrine uptake
+
+
+ inhibition of norepinephrine import
+ inhibition of noradrenaline uptake
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of levarterenol uptake
+ Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of norepinephrine into a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epinephrine uptake
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of epinephrine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine.
+ epinephrine reuptake
+ adrenaline reuptake
+ epinephrine import
+ biological_process
+ adrenaline uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of epinephrine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adrenaline uptake
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter epinephrine into a cell.
+ regulation of epinephrine import
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of epinephrine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of epinephrine import
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.
+ down regulation of epinephrine uptake
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of epinephrine uptake
+ down-regulation of epinephrine uptake
+ negative regulation of adrenaline uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epinephrine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of epinephrine uptake
+ stimulation of epinephrine uptake
+ up regulation of epinephrine uptake
+ up-regulation of epinephrine uptake
+ positive regulation of epinephrine import
+ upregulation of epinephrine uptake
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.
+ positive regulation of adrenaline uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of epinephrine uptake
+
+
+ inhibition of epinephrine import
+ Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of epinephrine into a cell.
+ inhibition of adrenaline uptake
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acetylcholine uptake
+
+
+ acetylcholine import
+ The directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell, typically presynaptic neurons or glial cells. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of acetylcholine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into a cell.
+ regulation of acetylcholine import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of acetylcholine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of acetylcholine uptake
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.
+ negative regulation of acetylcholine import
+ down regulation of acetylcholine uptake
+ downregulation of acetylcholine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of acetylcholine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of acetylcholine import
+ stimulation of acetylcholine uptake
+ up regulation of acetylcholine uptake
+ activation of acetylcholine uptake
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of acetylcholine uptake
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.
+ upregulation of acetylcholine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of acetylcholine uptake
+
+
+ Any process that prevents the activation of the directed movement of acetylcholine into a cell.
+ inhibition of acetylcholine import
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ barbed-end actin filament uncapping
+
+ plus-end F-actin uncapping
+ plus-end actin filament uncapping
+ biological_process
+ plus end F-actin uncapping
+ barbed-end F-actin uncapping
+ The removal of capping protein from the barbed (or plus) end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
+ plus end actin filament uncapping
+ barbed end actin filament uncapping
+ barbed end F-actin uncapping
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament network formation
+
+ biological_process
+ actin gel formation
+ The assembly of a network of actin filaments; actin filaments on different axes and with differing orientations are crosslinked together to form a mesh of filaments.
+ actin gel biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organelle localization
+
+ Any process by which an organelle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
+ establishment and maintenance of organelle localization
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular localization
+
+
+ localization within cell
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.
+ intracellular localization
+ establishment and maintenance of cellular localization
+ goslim_pir
+ establishment and maintenance of localization in cell or cell membrane
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centrosome localization
+
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of centrosome localization
+ Any process by which a centrosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER localization
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which endoplasmic reticulum is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+ establishment and maintenance of ER localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid localization
+
+ Any process by which a plastid is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of plastid localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi localization
+
+ Golgi body localization
+ Any process by which the Golgi is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+ biological_process
+ Golgi apparatus localization
+ establishment and maintenance of Golgi localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrion localization
+
+ establishment and maintenance of mitochondrion localization
+ Any process by which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+ mitochondria localization
+ localization of mitochondria
+ localization of mitochondrion
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of mitochondria localization
+ mitochondrial localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleus localization
+
+ establishment and maintenance of nucleus localization
+ localization of nucleus
+ biological_process
+ cell nucleus localization
+ Any process by which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vesicle localization
+
+ establishment and maintenance of vesicle localization
+ Any process by which a vesicle or vesicles are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
+ biological_process
+ cytoplasmic vesicle localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of localization in cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positioning within cell
+ The directed movement of a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, to a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell.
+ biological_process
+ establishment of cellular localization
+ establishment of intracellular localization
+ establishment of localization within cell
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of vesicle localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a vesicle to a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of location in cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ storage within cell
+ gosubset_prok
+ intracellular sequestering
+ Any process by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is maintained in a specific location within, or in the membrane of, a cell, and is prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of cellular localization
+ cellular retention
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of intracellular localization
+ maintenance of localization within cell
+ intracellular retention
+ intracellular storage
+ maintenance of localization in cell
+ cellular sequestering
+ sequestering within cell
+ cellular storage
+ retention within cell
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of chromosome location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of chromosome localization
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a chromosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle localization
+
+ establishment and maintenance of spindle localization
+ Any process by which is the spindle is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of mitochondrion localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial migration
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrion positioning
+ mitochondria positioning
+ establishment of mitochondria localization
+ The directed movement of the mitochondrion to a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of vesicle location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which a vesicle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of vesicle localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of organelle localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of an organelle to a specific location.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of organelle location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organelle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of organelle localization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of nucleus location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which the nucleus is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of nucleus localization
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of cell nucleus location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of mitochondrion location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of mitochondrion localization
+ maintenance of mitochondria localization
+ Any process by which a mitochondrion is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of centrosome localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of the centrosome to a specific location.
+ biological_process
+ centrosome positioning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of centrosome location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a centrosome is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of centrosome localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination
+ The directed movement of the nucleus to a specific location within a cell during the establishment and maintenance of the dorsal/ventral axis of the oocyte.
+ GO:0051662
+ establishment and maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination
+ oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal/ventral axis determination
+ establishment and maintenance of oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ biological_process
+ oocyte nucleus localization during oocyte axis determination (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus localization
+ oocyte axis determination, oocyte nucleus localization (sensu Insecta)
+ oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsoventral axis specification
+ oocyte nucleus localization involved in oocyte dorsal-ventral axis specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear pore localization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which nuclear pores are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
+ establishment and maintenance of nuclear pore localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane raft localization
+
+ Any process by which membrane rafts are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes.
+ lipid raft localization
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of membrane raft localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin cortical patch localization
+
+ establishment and maintenance of actin cortical patch localization
+ Any process by which actin cortical patches are transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of plastid localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a plastid to a specific location in the cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ localization within membrane
+
+ establishment and maintenance of position in membrane
+ localization to membrane
+ establishment and maintenance of localization in membrane
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane.
+ positioning within membrane
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of autolysin activity in another organism
+
+ induction of autolytic activity in other organism
+ positive regulation of autolysin activity in another organism
+ Any process by which an organism initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme autolysin in another organism. The autolysin enzyme belongs to, and is active in, the other organism.
+ biological_process
+ activation of autolysis in other organism
+ induction of autolysis in other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of autolysin activity in another organism
+ activation of autolytic activity in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall peptidoglycan catabolic process in another organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the cell wall peptidoglycans of another organism.
+ cell wall catabolic process in other organism
+ catabolism of cell wall peptidoglycans of other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall catabolism in other organism
+ biological_process
+ catabolic process of cell wall peptidoglycans of other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane disruption in another organism
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The disruption of the membranes of another organism, leading to damage to its cells and possibly death of that organism.
+ cytolysis, by membrane disruption, in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ localization of cell
+
+ establishment and maintenance of localization of cell
+ biological_process
+ cell localization
+ establishment and maintenance of cell localization
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which a cell is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pullulan metabolic process
+
+ pullulan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pullulan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pullulan catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of pullulan, a neutral linear polysaccharide composed of repeating units of maltotriose joined by alpha-(1,6)-linkages.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 6-alpha-maltosylglucose metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ isopanose metabolic process
+ isopanose metabolism
+ 6-alpha-maltosylglucose metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 6-alpha-maltosylglucose biosynthetic process
+
+
+ isopanose biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.
+ biological_process
+ isopanose biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 6-alpha-maltosylglucose catabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of 6-alpha-maltosylglucose, also known as isopanose.
+ isopanose catabolism
+ isopanose catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ galactomannan catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of galactomannan, a polysaccharide composed of D-galactosyl and D-mannosyl. The mannosyl units form the backbone structure (a linear main chain) with the D-galactosyl as single side units.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of Golgi localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ establishment of Golgi body localization
+ establishment of Golgi apparatus localization
+ The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of Golgi location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of Golgi localization
+ maintenance of Golgi apparatus localization
+ Any process by which the Golgi is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of Golgi body localization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of ER location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of ER localization
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the endoplasmic reticulum is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of ER localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of endoplasmic reticulum localization
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of the endoplasmic reticulum to a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of spindle location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of spindle localization
+ Any process by which the spindle is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of plastid location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which a plastid is maintained in a specific location within a cell and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of plastid localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal oligosaccharide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ organismal oligosaccharide breakdown
+ organismal oligosaccharide degradation
+ biological_process
+ organismal oligosaccharide catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, in multicellular organisms, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal oligosaccharide metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, in multicellular organisms, occurring at the tissue, organ, or organismal level.
+ organismal oligosaccharide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular oligosaccharide metabolic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
+ cellular oligosaccharide metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular oligosaccharide catabolic process
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of oligosaccharides, molecules with between two and (about) 20 monosaccharide residues connected by glycosidic linkages, as carried out by individual cells.
+ cellular oligosaccharide catabolism
+ cellular oligosaccharide breakdown
+ cellular oligosaccharide degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament capping
+
+
+ actin capping activity
+ F-actin capping activity
+ The binding of a protein or protein complex to the end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pointed-end actin filament capping
+
+ The binding of a protein or protein complex to the pointed (or minus) end of an actin filament, thus preventing the addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
+ minus-end F-actin capping activity
+ pointed-end F-actin capping activity
+ biological_process
+ minus-end actin filament capping activity
+ pointed-end actin capping activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament uncapping
+
+ F-actin uncapping
+ biological_process
+ The removal of capping protein from the end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pointed-end actin filament uncapping
+
+ pointed end actin filament uncapping
+ minus end actin filament uncapping
+ minus-end actin filament uncapping
+ minus end F-actin uncapping
+ pointed end F-actin uncapping
+ biological_process
+ pointed-end F-actin uncapping
+ minus-end F-actin uncapping
+ The removal of capping protein from the pointed (or minus) end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein delipidation
+
+ biological_process
+ The breakage of covalent or non-covalent bonds to detach lipid moieties from a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term host is used for the larger (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with symbiont
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ An interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association. The term symbiont is used for the smaller (macro) of the two members of a symbiosis; the various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, commensalism and mutualism.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intraspecies interaction between organisms
+
+ goslim_pir
+ intraspecies interaction with other organisms
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism has an effect on an organism of the same species.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-organism process
+
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ GO:0051706
+ goslim_goa
+ interaction between organisms
+ physiological interaction between organisms
+ biological_process
+ physiological interaction with other organism
+ Any process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral interaction between organisms
+
+
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ behavioral interaction with other organism
+ behavioural interaction between organisms
+ behavioural interaction with other organism
+ Any process by which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to other organism
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ GO:0009613
+ GO:0042828
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from another living organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular protein transport in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of an organism's proteins within a cell of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of killing of cells of another organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ GO:0001902
+ regulation of cytolysis of cells of another, non-host, organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by an organism of cells in another organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of killing of cells of another organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of killing of cells of another organism
+ downregulation of killing of cells of another organism
+ down-regulation of killing of cells of another organism
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation of killing of cells of another organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of killing of cells of another organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of killing of cells of another organism
+ upregulation of killing of cells of another organism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the killing by an organism of cells in another organism.
+ up regulation of killing of cells of another organism
+ stimulation of killing of cells of another organism
+ activation of killing of cells of another organism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+ down regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+ GO:0001903
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis of cells in another organism.
+ negative regulation of cytolysis of cells of another, non-host, organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by an organism of cells in another organism.
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+ up-regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+ stimulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+ GO:0001904
+ up regulation of cytolysis of cells of another organism
+ positive regulation of cytolysis of cells of another, non-host, organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytolysis of cells of another organism
+
+ biological_process
+ cytolysis of cells of another, non-host, organism
+ GO:0001901
+ gosubset_prok
+ cytolysis of cells of competing organism
+ The killing by an organism of a cell in another organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to stimulus
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid de-ADP-ribosylation
+
+ protein poly(ADP-ribose) catabolism
+ protein poly(ADP-ribose) catabolic process
+ protein poly(ADP-ribose) degradation
+ biological_process
+ removal of ADP-ribose from protein
+ The process of removing one or more ADP-ribose residues from a protein.
+ poly(ADP-ribose) removal from protein
+ protein poly(ADP-ribose) hydrolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Reactome:156678
+ Reactome:243028
+ Reactome:285436
+ Reactome:256281
+ Reactome:285431
+ Reactome:258917
+ Reactome:286566
+ Reactome:221382
+ Reactome:235842
+ Reactome:230018
+ cell cycle regulator
+ Reactome:251600
+ Reactome:239383
+ Reactome:213123
+ Reactome:245640
+ cell cycle modulation
+ Reactome:250281
+ GO:0000074
+ Reactome:244651
+ Reactome:218726
+ regulation of cell cycle progression
+ Reactome:255542
+ tumor suppressor
+ Reactome:259656
+ Reactome:156711
+ Reactome:282764
+ Reactome:227596
+ Reactome:267435
+ cell cycle control
+ Reactome:267430
+ Reactome:257921
+ Reactome:238231
+ Reactome:248176
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
+ Reactome:218715
+ Reactome:156699
+ Reactome:211608
+ Reactome:253031
+ biological_process
+ Reactome:249585
+ Reactome:209045
+ modulation of cell cycle progression
+ Reactome:261512
+ Reactome:254679
+ Reactome:262291
+ Reactome:162657
+ Reactome:243033
+ Reactome:204139
+ Reactome:280849
+ Reactome:264389
+ gosubset_prok
+ Reactome:248181
+ regulation of progression through cell cycle
+ Reactome:268364
+ Reactome:252387
+ Reactome:265239
+ Reactome:235853
+ Reactome:222877
+ Reactome:209050
+ cell cycle regulation
+ control of cell cycle progression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle switching, meiotic to mitotic cell cycle
+
+ conversion to mitosis
+ entry into mitosis
+ entry into mitotic cell cycle
+ conversion to mitotic cell cycle
+ cell cycle switching, meiosis to mitosis
+ mitotic entry
+ initiation of mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ initiation of mitosis
+ The process by which a cell switches cell cycle mode from meiotic to mitotic division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle
+
+ initiation of meiosis
+ conversion to meiosis
+ conversion to meiotic cell cycle
+ The process by which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.
+ entry into meiosis
+ GO:0042061
+ initiation of meiotic cell cycle
+ cell cycle switching, mitotis to meiosis
+ biological_process
+ meiotic entry
+ entry into meiotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle
+
+ germline cell cycle switching, mitotis to meiosis
+ germline initiation of meiotic cell cycle
+ germline conversion to meiotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ germline entry into meiotic cell cycle
+ germline conversion to meiosis
+ germline entry into meiosis
+ The process by which a germline cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.
+ germline initiation of meiosis
+ germline meiotic entry
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during meiosis.
+ meiotic sister chromatid cohesion at centromere
+ sister chromatid cohesion at centromere at meiosis I
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic sister chromatid arm separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic sister chromatid centromere separation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby the centromeres of sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic sister chromatid separation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole during meiosis I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ meiosis I, homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole
+ The directed movement of homologous chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis I.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole during meiosis II
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiosis II, sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of sister chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis II.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ meiotic sister chromatid cohesion along arms
+ The cell cycle process whereby the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the chromosome arms during meiosis.
+ biological_process
+ sister chromatid cohesion along arms at meiosis I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sesquiterpene metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.
+ biological_process
+ sesquiterpene metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sesquiterpene biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sesquiterpene catabolic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sesquiterpenes, any of a class of terpenes of the formula C15H24 or a derivative of such a terpene.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin crosslink formation
+
+ bridging actin filaments
+ actin bundling
+ actin crosslinking
+ formation of actin crosslink
+ biological_process
+ See also the molecular function term 'protein binding, bridging ; GO:0030674'.
+ The process by which two or more actin filaments are connected together by proteins that act as crosslinks between the filaments. The crosslinked filaments may be on the same or differing axes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+
+ NO synthase biosynthetic process
+ NOS biosynthetic process
+ NOS biosynthesis
+ NO synthase biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric-oxide synthase, an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+
+ nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthetic process
+ NOS2 synthase biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ NOS2 synthase biosynthesis
+ nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthetic process
+ nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthesis
+ nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric-oxide synthase 2, an enzyme which catalyzes the reaction L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of NO synthase biosynthetic process
+ regulation of NOS biosynthesis
+ regulation of NOS biosynthetic process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
+ regulation of NO synthase biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase.
+ upregulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of NO synthase biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+ activation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of NO synthase biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of NOS biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of NOS biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of NO synthase biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of NOS biosynthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
+ inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of NO synthase biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of NOS biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthetic process
+ regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthesis
+ regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthesis
+ regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthesis
+ regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthetic process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase 2.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase 2.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthesis
+ up regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthetic process
+ upregulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthetic process
+ activation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+ down regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthesis
+ downregulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase 2.
+ down-regulation of nitric-oxide synthase 2 biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type II) biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (type 2) biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of NOS2 synthase biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to redox state
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating redox state. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of redox state
+
+
+ redox sensing
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which a chemical stimulus indicating redox state is received and converted into a molecular signal. Redox state refers to the balance of oxidized versus reduced forms of electron donors and acceptors in an organelle, cell or organ; plastoquinone, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH) are among the most important.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral response to nutrient
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
+ behavioural response to nutrient
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of cell division
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.
+ up regulation of cell division
+ activation of cell division
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of cell division
+ up-regulation of cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of cell division
+ down-regulation of cell division
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell division.
+ downregulation of cell division
+ down regulation of cell division
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nuclear division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nuclear division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of nuclear division
+ down-regulation of nuclear division
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of nuclear division
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.
+ inhibition of nuclear division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nuclear division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of nuclear division
+ upregulation of nuclear division
+ up regulation of nuclear division
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information.
+ biological_process
+ activation of nuclear division
+ up-regulation of nuclear division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to misfolded protein
+
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to protein stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein stimulus.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ short-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ short-chain fatty acid formation
+ short-chain fatty acid anabolism
+ short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis
+ short chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
+ short-chain fatty acid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ short chain fatty acid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids with a chain length of less than 8 carbons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process
+
+ medium chain fatty acid metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving medium-chain fatty acids, aliphatic compounds having a terminal carboxyl group and with a chain length of C8-12.
+ medium chain fatty acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ medium-chain fatty acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
+
+ medium-chain fatty acid formation
+ medium-chain fatty acid synthesis
+ medium-chain fatty acid anabolism
+ biological_process
+ medium chain fatty acid biosynthesis
+ medium chain fatty acid biosynthetic process
+ medium-chain fatty acid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of fatty acids with a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medium-chain fatty acid catabolic process
+
+ medium-chain fatty acid degradation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of fatty acids with a chain length of between 8 and 12 carbons.
+ biological_process
+ medium-chain fatty acid breakdown
+ medium chain fatty acid catabolism
+ medium chain fatty acid catabolic process
+ medium-chain fatty acid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of catagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of catagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of catagen
+ upregulation of catagen
+ up regulation of catagen
+ activation of catagen
+ up-regulation of catagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of catagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of catagen
+ inhibition of catagen
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle.
+ down-regulation of catagen
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of catagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hair follicle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hair follicle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.
+ activation of hair follicle development
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of hair follicle development
+ up regulation of hair follicle development
+ stimulation of hair follicle development
+ up-regulation of hair follicle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hair follicle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of hair follicle development
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hair follicle development.
+ down-regulation of hair follicle development
+ downregulation of hair follicle development
+ inhibition of hair follicle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The killing by an organism of a cell in a second organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by that organism of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down-regulation of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up-regulation of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation of cytolysis of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ immune evasion
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry into cell of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ other organism cell invasion
+ The invasion by an organism of a cell of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ evasion of other organism defence response
+ biological_process
+ Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of a second organism's defense response; the defense response is mounted by the second organism in response to the presence of the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translocation of peptides or proteins into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ transport of peptides or proteins into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ passive evasion of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ passive immune evasion
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism without directly interfering with the second organism's immune system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active evasion of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism which directly affects the second organism's immune system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ active immune evasion
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active evasion of immune response of other organism via regulation of complement system of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ active immune evasion via modulation of complement system of other organism
+ active immune evasion via regulation of complement system of other organism
+ Any process by which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism by regulating the second organism's complement system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active evasion of immune response of other organism via regulation of cytokine network of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ Any process by which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism by regulating the second organism's cytokine networks, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ active immune evasion via modulation of cytokine network of other organism
+ biological_process
+ active immune evasion via regulation of cytokine network of other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active evasion of immune response of other organism via regulation of antigen processing and presentation in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ active immune evasion via modulation of antigen processing and presentation in other organism
+ active evasion of immune response of other organism via regulation of antigen processing and presentation pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ active immune evasion via regulation of antigen processing and presentation in other organism
+ active immune evasion via modulation of antigen processing/presentation in other organism
+ Any process by which an organism avoids the immune response of a second organism by regulating the second organism's antigen processing or presentation pathways, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ movement within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism or its progeny spreads from one location to another within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ migration within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The directional movement of an organism from one place to another within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acquisition of nutrients from other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification of morphology or physiology of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of physiology of other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ regulation of morphology of other organism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of morphology or physiology of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ modulation of morphology or physiology of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ regulation of physiological process in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disruption of cells of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ A process by which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the second organism's cells, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of tumor, nodule, or growth in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism causes the formation of an abnormal mass of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of tumor, nodule, or growth containing transformed cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The process by which an organism causes the formation in a second organism of an abnormal growth whose cells have been transformed and continue to exist in the absence of the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dissemination or transmission of organism from other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The movement of an organism from a second organism to another place in the environment, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The first organism may also move to a different organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dissemination or transmission of organism from other organism by vector during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The movement of an organism from a second organism to another place in the environment by means of a vector, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The first organism may also move to a different organism, and the vector organism is often an insect or an animal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synapse structural plasticity
+
+ regulation of synaptic structural plasticity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synapse structural plasticity. Synapse structural plasticity is a type of cytoskeletal remodeling; this remodeling is induced by stimuli that can lead to long term potentiation and it can be activity-dependent or -independent. Examples of cytoskeletal changes include the formation of new spines and increase in spine size; this can be accompanied by the insertion of greater numbers of glutamate (or other neurotransmitter) receptors into the post-synaptic membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recognition of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of a second organism via physical or chemical signals, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesion to other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of an organism to a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. Adhesion may be via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., and may be either direct or indirect.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synapse structural plasticity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of synapse structural plasticity
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synapse structural plasticity.
+ down-regulation of synapse structural plasticity
+ down regulation of synapse structural plasticity
+ inhibition of synapse structural plasticity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development on or near surface of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near the exterior of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ other organism invasion
+ Penetration by an organism into the body, tissues, or cells of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ invasion into other organism
+ invasion of other organism
+ invasive growth
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry into other organism through natural portals during symbiotic interaction
+
+ Penetration by an organism into a second organism via naturally occurring openings in the second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry into other organism through barriers of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Penetration by an organism into a second organism via active breaching of physical barriers, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring within the cells or tissues of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. This may (but not necessarily) include a filamentous growth form, and also can include secretion of proteases and lipases to break down the tissue of the second organism.
+ invasive growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ avoidance of defenses of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process, either constitutive or induced, by which an organism evades, minimizes, or suppresses the effects of a second organism's defense(s), where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression of defenses of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of defenses of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the defense(s) of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. Suppression occurs by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of pathways in the second organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance of defenses of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process, either active or passive, by which an organism avoids or tolerates the effects of a second organism's defense(s), where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. Defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity
+
+
+ stimulation of synapse structural plasticity
+ activation of synapse structural plasticity
+ upregulation of synapse structural plasticity
+ up regulation of synapse structural plasticity
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic structural plasticity.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of synapse structural plasticity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translocation of molecules into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transport of molecules into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translocation of DNA into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The directed movement of DNA from an organism to a location inside a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ transport of DNA into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytolysis by host of symbiont cells
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The killing by an organism of a cell in its symbiont organism by means of the rupture of cell membranes and the loss of cytoplasm. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cytolysis by that organism of cells in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+
+
+ down-regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+ inhibition by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+
+
+ up regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cytolysis by that organism of cells in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+ stimulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+ activation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+ upregulation by host of cytolysis of symbiont cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translocation of peptides or proteins into symbiont
+
+
+ transport of peptides or proteins into symbiont
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of peptides or proteins produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acquisition of nutrients from symbiont
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The production of structures and/or molecules in an organism that are required for the acquisition and/or utilization of nutrients obtained from its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by host of symbiont morphology or physiology
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or processes of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disruption by host of symbiont cells
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism has a negative effect on the functioning of the symbiont's cells. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recognition of symbiont
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The set of specific processes that allow an organism to detect the presence of its symbiont via physical or chemical signals. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesion to symbiont
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of an organism to its symbiont via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development of organism on or near symbiont surface
+
+
+ growth or development of organism during interaction with symbiont
+ The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near the exterior of its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ avoidance of symbiont defenses
+
+
+
+ Any process, either constitutive or induced, by which an organism evades, minimizes, or suppresses the effects of its symbiont organism's defense(s). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ suppression of symbiont defenses
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont defense(s) by active mechanisms that normally result in the shutting down of a symbiont pathway. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance of symbiont defenses
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process, either active or passive, by which an organism evades or tolerates the effects of the defense(s) or defense molecules of a symbiont organism. Symbiont defenses may be induced by the presence of the organism or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translocation of molecules into symbiont
+
+
+ transport of molecules into symbiont
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of molecule(s) produced by an organism to a location inside the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein autoubiquitination
+
+ protein self-ubiquitination
+ The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink.
+ biological_process
+ protein self-ubiquitinylation
+ protein autoubiquitinylation
+ protein auto-ubiquitinylation
+ protein auto-ubiquitination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ general adaptation syndrome
+
+ physiological response during general adaptation syndrome
+ biological_process
+ general adaptation syndrome, physiological response
+ general adaptation syndrome, physiological process
+ physiological process during general adaptation syndrome
+ GO:0051868
+ General adaptation syndrome is the set of changes in various organ systems of the body, especially the pituitary-endocrine system, in response to a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological. It is described as having three stages: alarm reaction, where the body detects the external stimulus; adaptation, where the body engages defensive countermeasures against the stressor; and exhaustion, where the body begins to run out of defenses.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ general adaptation syndrome, behavioural process
+ behavioural response during general adaptation syndrome
+ behavioral response during general adaptation syndrome
+ general adaptation syndrome, behavioral response
+ The set of behavioral processes that occur as part of the general adaptation syndrome, the response of the body to a strong, stressful stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ behavioral process during general adaptation syndrome
+ behavioural process during general adaptation syndrome
+ general adaptation syndrome, behavioural response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphingosine catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+ (4E)-sphing-4-enine catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphingosine (sphing-4-enine), trans-D-erytho-2-amino-octadec-4-ene-1,3-diol, a long chain amino diol sphingoid base that occurs in most sphingolipids in animal tissues.
+ sphing-4-enine catabolism
+ (4E)-sphing-4-enine catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ sphing-4-enine catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ killing by host of symbiont cells
+
+
+ Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphinganine-1-phosphate catabolic process
+
+ dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate catabolic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of sphinganine-1-phosphate, the phosphorylated derivative of D-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol.
+ dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment granule localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which a pigment granule is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment granule dispersal
+
+ The directed movement of pigment granules within a cell towards the cell periphery.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment granule aggregation in cell center
+
+ The directed movement of dispersed pigment granules towards the center of the cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral element assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby lateral elements are formed. Axial elements form a proteinaceous core between the two sister chromatids of each chromosome; the two axial elements then connect along their entire lengths by fine fibers known as transverse filaments, forming the lateral elements.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential
+
+ Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial depolarization
+
+
+ mitochondrion depolarization
+ mitochondria depolarization
+ mitochondrial membrane depolarization
+ The process in which the membrane potential of the mitochondria changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, from negative to positive.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ killing of cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process mediated by an organism that results in the death of cells in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of anagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of anagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of anagen
+ stimulation of anagen
+ upregulation of anagen
+ biological_process
+ activation of anagen
+ up regulation of anagen
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of anagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anagen, the growth phase of the hair cycle.
+ inhibition of anagen
+ down regulation of anagen
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of anagen
+ down-regulation of anagen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of exogen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of exogen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of exogen
+ up-regulation of exogen
+ stimulation of exogen
+ upregulation of exogen
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of exogen
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of exogen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of exogen
+ down regulation of exogen
+ down-regulation of exogen
+ inhibition of exogen
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of exogen, the shedding phase of the hair cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardioblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of cardioblast differentiation
+ activation of cardioblast differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast.
+ upregulation of cardioblast differentiation
+ stimulation of cardioblast differentiation
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of cardioblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cardioblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of cardioblast differentiation
+ down regulation of cardioblast differentiation
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of cardioblast differentiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast.
+ down-regulation of cardioblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of focal adhesion formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion formation, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of focal adhesion formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of focal adhesion formation
+ up regulation of focal adhesion formation
+ activation of focal adhesion formation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion formation, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of focal adhesion formation
+ up-regulation of focal adhesion formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of focal adhesion formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of focal adhesion formation
+ down regulation of focal adhesion formation
+ downregulation of focal adhesion formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion formation, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
+ down-regulation of focal adhesion formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein kinase B signalling cascade
+ biological_process
+ regulation of AKT signalling cascade
+ regulation of PKB signalling cascade
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the protein kinase B signaling cascade, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
+ regulation of PKB signaling cascade
+ regulation of AKT signaling cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+ activation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+ positive regulation of AKT signaling cascade
+ positive regulation of PKB signaling cascade
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the protein kinase B signaling cascade, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
+ positive regulation of PKB signalling cascade
+ upregulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+ up regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+ up-regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+ positive regulation of AKT signalling cascade
+ positive regulation of protein kinase B signalling cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+ negative regulation of PKB signaling cascade
+ down regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+ negative regulation of PKB signalling cascade
+ negative regulation of AKT signalling cascade
+ negative regulation of protein kinase B signalling cascade
+ downregulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of AKT signaling cascade
+ inhibition of protein kinase B signaling cascade
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the protein kinase B signaling cascade, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane depolarization
+
+ The process in which membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to positive. For example, the initial depolarization during the rising phase of an action potential is in the direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
+ stimulation of mitochondrial depolarization
+ activation of mitochondrial depolarization
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of mitochondrial depolarization
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
+ up regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of mitochondrial depolarization
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of mitochondrial depolarization
+ down-regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
+ down regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment granule transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of pigment granules into, out of, within or between cells.
+ pigment granule translocation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of pigment granule localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a pigment granule to a specific location.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of pigment granule location
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which a pigment granule is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
+ maintenance of pigment granule localization
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic plasticity by drug
+ The process by which a chemical substance modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
+
+
+ upregulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
+ stimulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
+ up regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
+ The process by which a chemical substance increases synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
+ positive regulation of synaptic plasticity by drug
+ activation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
+
+ activation of synaptic plasticity by chemical substance
+ activation of synaptic plasticity by drug
+ induction of synaptic plasticity by drug
+ The process by which a chemical substance activates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fibrinolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fibrinolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of fibrinolysis
+ down regulation of fibrinolysis
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of fibrinolysis
+ down-regulation of fibrinolysis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fibrinolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of fibrinolysis
+ activation of fibrinolysis
+ up-regulation of fibrinolysis
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibrinolysis, an ongoing process that solubilizes fibrin, resulting in the removal of small blood clots.
+ stimulation of fibrinolysis
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of fibrinolysis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfation
+
+ The addition of a sulfate group to a molecule.
+ sulfur addition
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ sulphation
+ sulphur addition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of calcium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of calcium transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage-gated calcium channel activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via a voltage-gated calcium channel.
+ regulation of calcium transport via voltage-gated calcium channel
+ regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of calcium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ negative regulation of calcium transport
+ inhibition of calcium ion transport
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of calcium ion transport
+ downregulation of calcium ion transport
+ down-regulation of calcium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage-gated calcium channel activity
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage gated calcium channel
+ inhibition of calcium ion transport via voltage gated calcium channel
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via a voltage-gated calcium channel.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
+ negative regulation of calcium transport via voltage gated calcium channel
+ down regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage gated calcium channel
+ downregulation of calcium ion transport via voltage gated calcium channel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of calcium ion transport
+ positive regulation of calcium transport
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of, within or between cells.
+ stimulation of calcium ion transport
+ up regulation of calcium ion transport
+ up-regulation of calcium ion transport
+ activation of calcium ion transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage-gated calcium channel activity
+
+
+
+ upregulation of calcium ion transport via voltage gated calcium channel
+ up regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage gated calcium channel
+ positive regulation of calcium transport via voltage gated calcium channel
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions via a voltage-gated calcium channel.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity
+ stimulation of calcium ion transport via voltage gated calcium channel
+ up-regulation of calcium ion transport via voltage gated calcium channel
+ activation of calcium ion transport via voltage gated calcium channel
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sensory perception of pain
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sensory perception
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic transmission, GABAergic
+
+ biological_process
+ synaptic transmission, gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic
+ synaptic transmission, gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated
+ synaptic transmission, GABA mediated
+ The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+ amino acid neurotransmitter reuptake
+ biological_process
+ amino acid neurotransmitter import into glial cell
+ The uptake of amino acid neurotransmitters by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
+ amino acid neurotransmitter recycling
+ amino acid neurotransmitter import into neuron
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+ biological_process
+ catecholamine reuptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ catecholamine neurotransmitter import into glial cell
+ catecholamine neurotransmitter import into neuron
+ catecholamine neurotransmitter recycling
+ The uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
+ catecholamine neurotransmitter reuptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+ glutamate reuptake
+ glutamate import into glial cell
+ glutamate recycling
+ glutamate import into neuron
+ biological_process
+ L-glutamate reuptake
+ The uptake of L-glutamate by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
+ L-glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+ GABA import into glial cell
+ GABA recycling
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid import into neuron
+ GABA reuptake
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid recycling
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid import into glial cell
+ GABA import into neuron
+ biological_process
+ The uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) by neurons or glial cells. This process leads to inactivation and recycling of neurotransmitters.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catecholamine transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of catecholamines, a group of physiologically important biogenic amines that possess a catechol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) nucleus and are derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ L-glutamate import
+
+
+ The directed movement of L-glutamate, the L-enantiomer of the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid, into a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ L-glutamate uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid import
+
+
+
+ gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake
+ 4-aminobutyrate import
+ The directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a cell or organelle.
+ gamma-aminobutyrate import
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ GABA import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter reuptake
+ regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter uptake
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter reuptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ down regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ down-regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter reuptake
+ negative regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter uptake
+ downregulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ up regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ positive regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter uptake
+ activation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ up-regulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of amino acid neurotransmitter reuptake
+ upregulation of amino acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acid neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter reuptake
+ positive regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter uptake
+ upregulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ activation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ stimulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ up regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter reuptake
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of catecholamine neurotransmitter uptake
+ down-regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ downregulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ down regulation of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of catecholamine neurotransmitters into a neuron or glial cell.
+ inhibition of catecholamine uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glutamate reuptake
+ regulation of L-glutamate reuptake
+ biological_process
+ regulation of L-glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of GABA reuptake
+ regulation of GABA uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake
+ regulation of 4-aminobutyrate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ regulation of 4-aminobutyrate reuptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.
+ downregulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ negative regulation of glutamate reuptake
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ inhibition of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of 4-aminobutyrate reuptake
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ negative regulation of GABA reuptake
+ down-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.
+ downregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ down regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ negative regulation of 4-aminobutyrate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ negative regulation of GABA uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ negative regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of 4-aminobutyrate reuptake
+ up regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ positive regulation of GABA uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ positive regulation of GABA reuptake
+ positive regulation of 4-aminobutyrate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ positive regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid reuptake
+ activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ up-regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate) into a neuron or glial cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ activation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of L-glutamate into a neuron or glial cell.
+ up regulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ positive regulation of glutamate reuptake
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+ stimulation of glutamate uptake during transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of amine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of, within or between cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of amine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of, within or between cells.
+ down regulation of amine transport
+ downregulation of amine transport
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of amine transport
+ inhibition of amine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of amine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of amine transport
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amines into, out of, within or between cells.
+ up regulation of amine transport
+ upregulation of amine transport
+ up-regulation of amine transport
+ biological_process
+ activation of amine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of amino acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of amino acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of amino acid transport
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of, within or between cells.
+ down regulation of amino acid transport
+ down-regulation of amino acid transport
+ downregulation of amino acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of amino acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of amino acid transport
+ stimulation of amino acid transport
+ activation of amino acid transport
+ upregulation of amino acid transport
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of amino acids into, out of, within or between cells.
+ up-regulation of amino acid transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ methotrexate transport
+
+ The directed movement of methotrexate, 4-amino-10-methylformic acid, into, out of, within or between cells. Methotrexate is a folic acid analogue and a potent competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of nervous system development
+ down regulation of nervous system development
+ downregulation of nervous system development
+ inhibition of nervous system development
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of nervous system development
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.
+ up-regulation of nervous system development
+ upregulation of nervous system development
+ stimulation of nervous system development
+ activation of nervous system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptogenesis, the formation of a synapse.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of synaptogenesis
+ inhibition of synaptogenesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptogenesis, the formation of a synapse.
+ down-regulation of synaptogenesis
+ down regulation of synaptogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of synaptogenesis
+ upregulation of synaptogenesis
+ up-regulation of synaptogenesis
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptogenesis, the formation of a synapse.
+ activation of synaptogenesis
+ up regulation of synaptogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+ downregulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+ down regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+ up-regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+ activation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+ stimulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+ up regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
+ down regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
+ inhibition of transmission of nerve impulse
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.
+ downregulation of transmission of nerve impulse
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of transmission of nerve impulse
+ upregulation of transmission of nerve impulse
+ activation of transmission of nerve impulse
+ up-regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
+ up regulation of transmission of nerve impulse
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmission of a nerve impulse, the sequential electrochemical polarization and depolarization that travels across the membrane of a neuron in response to stimulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of telomerase activity
+
+ telomerase regulator
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Telomerases catalyze extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of telomerase activity
+
+
+ up regulation of telomerase activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
+ stimulation of telomerase activity
+ up-regulation of telomerase activity
+ activation of telomerase activity
+ upregulation of telomerase activity
+ telomerase activator
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of telomerase activity
+
+
+ inhibition of telomerase activity
+ Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
+ telomerase inhibitor
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of telomerase activity
+ down regulation of telomerase activity
+ downregulation of telomerase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and saccharopine
+
+ MetaCyc:LYSINE-AMINOAD-PWY
+ lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid and saccharopine
+ biological_process
+ lysine biosynthesis via aminoadipic acid and saccharopine
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and saccharopine. This pathway is used by yeast and fungi to synthesize the essential amino acid L-lysine, and pathway intermediates are often incorporated into secondary metabolic processes. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This is then reduced to form alpha-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde, which is metabolized to saccharopine and finally L-lysine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysine biosynthetic process via alpha-aminoadipate and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate
+
+ lysine biosynthetic process via aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate
+ biological_process
+ MetaCyc:PWY-3081
+ lysine biosynthesis via aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lysine via the intermediates alpha-aminoadipic acid and N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate. This pathway of prokaryotic lysine biosynthesis via alpha-aminoadipate was discovered in the hyper-thermophilic Gram-negative eubacterium Thermus thermophilus. The pathway proceeds as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is converted to homocitrate, which is metabolized to 3-carboxyhex-2-enedioate and then homoisocitrate. This is then decarboxylated to form alpha-ketoadipate, which is then converted to alpha-aminoadipate. This undergoes acetylation, to form N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate, and is then phosphorylated to give N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipyl-delta-phosphate. This is converted to N2-acetyl-alpha-aminoadipate semialdehyde, which is then converted to N2-acetyl-L-lysine. A final deacetylation reaction produces L-lysine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysophospholipid transport
+
+ The directed movement of phospholipids into, out of, within or between cells. A lysophospholipid is a phospholipid that lacks one of its fatty acyl chains; it is an intermediate formed during digestion of dietary and biliary phospholipids.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alginic acid acetylation
+
+ biological_process
+ alginate acetylation
+ The addition of O-acetyl ester groups to alginic acid, a linear polymer of D-mannuronate and L-guluronate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chromosome segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process by which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chromosome segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of chromosome segregation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process by which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of chromosome segregation
+ up-regulation of chromosome segregation
+ up regulation of chromosome segregation
+ upregulation of chromosome segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chromosome segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of chromosome segregation
+ down-regulation of chromosome segregation
+ biological_process
+ downregulation of chromosome segregation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromosome segregation, the process by which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets.
+ inhibition of chromosome segregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+ downregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
+ down regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+ down-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+ stimulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
+ up regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+ activation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+ upregulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Type IV pili-dependent aggregation
+
+ bundle-forming fimbriae-dependent aggregation
+ auto-aggregation
+ The formation of bacterial aggregates in liquid culture dependent on the presence of Type IV pili.
+ biological_process
+ tfp-dependent aggregation
+ gosubset_prok
+ bundle-forming pili-dependent aggregation
+ bfp-dependent aggregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Type IV pili-dependent localized adherence to host
+
+ Attachment of bacterial clusters to the surface of the host in a type IV pili dependent manner. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by symbiont of substance in host
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ downregulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ negative modulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ down-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative modulation by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+
+
+
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+ suppression of host SA mediated defense response
+ down regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+ suppression by organism of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ inhibition by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+ negative regulation of host SA-mediated defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+ suppression by organism of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+ inhibition by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by symbiont of substance in host
+
+
+ catabolism by organism of substance in host
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its host resulting in the breakdown of substances. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biosynthesis by symbiont of substance in host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ biosynthesis by organism of substance in host
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its host resulting in the formation of substances. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disassembly by symbiont of host cellular component
+
+
+ disassembly by organism of host cellular component
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ degradation of host cellular component by organism
+ catabolism of host structural constituent by organism
+ catabolism of host cellular component by organism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disassembly by symbiont of host cell wall
+
+
+
+ catabolism of host cell wall by organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ disassembly by organism of host cell wall
+ biological_process
+ The breakdown of the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ degradation of host cell wall by organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by symbiont of host cell wall cellulose
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ catabolism by organism of host cell wall cellulose
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellulose in the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by symbiont of host cell wall pectin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of pectin in the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ catabolism by organism of host cell wall pectin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by symbiont of host cell wall chitin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of chitin in the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ catabolism by organism of host cell wall chitin
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by symbiont of host macromolecule
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ catabolism by organism of host macromolecule
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by symbiont of host protein
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of protein macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ catabolism by organism of host protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by symbiont of host carbohydrate
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ catabolism by organism of host carbohydrate
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by symbiont of host glucan
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ catabolism by organism of host glucan
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of glucan molecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by symbiont of host xylan
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of xylan within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ catabolism by organism of host xylan
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host RNA levels
+
+
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of RNA in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host hormone or growth regulator levels
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host cell wall
+
+
+ metabolism of host cell wall by organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of ethylene levels in host
+
+
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of ethylene in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of jasmonic acid levels in host
+
+
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of salicylic acid levels in host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of salicylic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
+
+
+ The increase by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
+ up-regulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
+ stimulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive modulation of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
+ biological_process
+ activation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
+ upregulation by symbiont of hormone or growth regulator levels in host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host cell membrane
+
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cell membrane. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host transcription
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+
+
+ regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+ modulation of host signal transduction by symbiont
+ biological_process
+ modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+
+
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+ activation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+ biological_process
+ upregulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+ up regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+ stimulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+
+
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+ inhibition by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+ negative modulation by organism of host signal transduction pathway
+ downregulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+ biological_process
+ down regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of host apoptosis
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+ activation by organism of host apoptosis
+ induction by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host defense response
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of its host, the response mounted by the host in response to the presence of the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent induction by symbiont of host innate immunity
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ PAMP dependent activation of host innate immunity
+ general elicitor-dependent activation of host innate immunity
+ MAMP dependent activation of host innate immunity
+ biological_process
+ MAMP dependent induction of host innate immunity
+ general elicitor-dependent induction of host innate immunity
+ PAMP dependent induction of host innate immunity
+ pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent activation by organism of host innate immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ suppression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
+ suppression of general elicitor-induced host innate immunity
+ down regulation by symbiont of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
+ suppression of PAMP induced host innate immunity
+ suppression of MAMP-induced host innate immunity
+ biological_process
+ suppression of MAMP induced host innate immunity
+ inhibition by symbiont of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
+ down-regulation by symbiont of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
+ suppression of general elicitor induced host innate immunity
+ suppression of PAMP-induced host innate immunity
+ downregulation by symbiont of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+
+
+
+ stimulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+ activation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+ upregulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+ up regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response of the host organism; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+ downregulation by symbiont of host inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host defense response
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation by symbiont of host defense response
+ down regulation by symbiont of host defense response
+ inhibition by symbiont of host defense response
+ biological_process
+ suppression of host defense response
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host intracellular transport
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ modulation of host intracellular trafficking
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host cytoskeleton
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the host cytoskeleton. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ GO:0052152
+ modulation by symbiont of host non-apoptotic programmed cell death
+ modulation of host PCD
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+ suppression by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ inhibition by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+ downregulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+ suppression by symbiont of host PCD
+ inhibition of host programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ stimulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+ activation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host non-apoptotic programmed cell death
+ enhancement of host programmed cell death
+ GO:0052153
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host cellular component
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a host cellular component. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+
+ biological_process
+ The activation by an organism of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of host programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation by symbiont of host programmed cell death
+
+
+ enhancement of host programmed cell death by organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via secreted substance
+
+
+
+ modification of host morphology or physiology via effector molecule
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by one of the organisms. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modification of host morphology or physiology via ellicitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with other organism via secreted substance during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via secreted substance
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (symbiont) organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via protein secreted by type III secretion system
+
+
+ biological_process
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the symbiont organism by a type III secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via substance secreted by type IV secretion system
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other organism by a type IV secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with host via protein secreted by type II secretion system
+
+
+ biological_process
+ An interaction with the host organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other organism by a type II secretion system. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type II secretion system
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type II secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ inhibition of host enzyme activity
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition by symbiont of host enzyme activity
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
+ downregulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
+ down regulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host peptidase activity
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by symbiont of host protease activity
+ inhibition of host protease activity
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host protease activity
+ down regulation by symbiont of host protease activity
+ inhibition by symbiont of host protease activity
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host protease activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host molecular function
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host molecular function
+ modification by symbiont of host protein function
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the function of a host protein via a direct interaction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host molecular function
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of host proteins. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host protein function
+ downregulation by symbiont of host protein function
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host protein function
+ down regulation by symbiont of host protein function
+ inhibition of host protein function
+ biological_process
+ inhibition by symbiont of host protein function
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via protein secreted by type III secretion system
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type III secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host morphology or physiology via substance secreted by type IV secretion system
+
+
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of its host organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type IV secretion system in the organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced reactive oxygen species
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance of defense-related host metabolic burst
+ evasion or tolerance of host-produced ROS
+ evasion or tolerance of host-produced ROIs
+ evasion or tolerance of defense-related host respiratory burst
+ evasion or tolerance of defense-related host oxidative burst
+ biological_process
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of reactive oxygen species produced during host defense response
+ evasion or tolerance of host-produced active oxygen species
+ evasion or tolerance of reactive oxygen species produced by host in response to organism
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of host-produced reactive oxygen species
+ evasion by organism of cellular damage caused by host oxidative burst
+ evasion or tolerance of host-produced AOS
+ The process by which an organism avoids the effects of reactive oxygen species produced as a defense response by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ evasion or tolerance of host-produced reactive oxygen intermediates
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced nitric oxide
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of host NO
+ evasion or tolerance of NO produced by host in response to organism
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism avoids the effects of nitric oxide produced as a defense response by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of host-produced nitric oxide
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of host-produced NO
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of host nitric oxide
+ evasion or tolerance of nitric oxide produced by host in response to organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance by symbiont of host-produced phytoalexins
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance of phytoalexins produced by host in response to organism
+ The process by which an organism avoids the effects of phytoalexins produced as a defense response by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of host-produced phytoalexins
+ host phytoalexin detoxification
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of host phytoalexins
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
+
+
+
+ activation by organism of host phytoalexin production
+ gosubset_prok
+ The activation by an organism of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of defense-related host NO production
+ biological_process
+ induction by organism of defense-related host NO production
+ activation by organism of defense-related host nitric oxide production
+ The activation by an organism of the production of nitric oxide as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
+
+
+
+ activation by organism of defense-related host oxidative burst
+ activation by organism of defense-related host metabolic burst
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxygen intermediate production
+ activation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production
+ activation by organism of defense-related host respiratory burst
+ induction by organism of defense-related host oxidative burst
+ induction by organism of defense-related host active oxygen species production
+ biological_process
+ induction by organism of defense-related host metabolic burst
+ activation by organism of defense-related host ROS production
+ activation by organism of defense-related host AOS production
+ induction by organism of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production
+ activation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
+ activation by organism of defense-related host ROI production
+ induction by organism of defense-related host reactive oxygen intermediate production
+ induction by organism of defense-related host AOS production
+ activation by organism of defense-related host active oxygen species production
+ The activation by an organism of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ induction by organism of defense-related host respiratory burst
+ induction by organism of defense-related host ROI production
+ induction by organism of defense-related host ROS production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fluxes of calcium ions that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up-regulation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ stimulation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related Ca2+ flux in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry of symbiont into host cell by promotion of host phagocytosis
+
+
+
+ entry of organism into host cell by promotion of host phagocytosis
+ The invasion by an organism of a cell of its host organism by utilizing the host phagocytosis mechanism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation by organism of entry into host cell via host phagocytosis
+ down regulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis
+ inhibition by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis
+ down-regulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis
+ downregulation by symbiont of entry into host cell via phagocytosis
+ Any process by which an organism stops or prevents itself undergoing phagocytosis into a cell in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+ suppression by organism of host JA-mediated defense response
+ inhibition by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ inhibition by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related host JA-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ down regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ downregulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ inhibition by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ suppression by organism of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ activation by organism of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ activation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ activation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ induction by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ activation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ induction by organism of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+ activation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ induction by organism of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ activation by organism of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ induction by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ activation by organism of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+
+
+
+ activation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+ induction by organism of host SA-mediated defense response
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation by organism of host SA-mediated defense response
+ stimulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+ upregulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+ gosubset_prok
+ induction by organism of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+ up regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+ stimulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+ positive regulation by organism of host JA-mediated defense response
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+ induction by organism of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+ biological_process
+ up regulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+ induction by organism of host JA-mediated defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+
+
+
+ activation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+ up regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+ upregulation by organism of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+ stimulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+ induction by organism of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ upregulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+ activation by organism of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of defense-related host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+ suppression by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ down regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ down-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related host MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related host mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ inhibition by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ downregulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ activation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ induction by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ biological_process
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of defense-related host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+ modulation of defense-related host MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ modulation of defense-related host mitogen activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of defense-related host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ modulation of defense-related host SA-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of defense-related host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation of defense-related host JA-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
+
+
+
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
+ negative regulation by organism of host cell-based immune response
+ down regulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
+ downregulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host ethylene-mediated defense response
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
+
+
+
+ inhibition by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
+ down regulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
+
+
+
+ downregulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
+ down regulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ inhibition by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+
+
+
+ suppression by organism of defense-related host callose deposition
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of callose deposition performed by the host as part of its defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ inhibition by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+ down-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+ down regulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+ downregulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host jasmonic acid-mediated defense response
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ modulation by organism of host JA-mediated defense response
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host salicylic acid-mediated defense response
+
+
+ modulation by organism of host SA-mediated defense response
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of callose deposition by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
+ upregulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
+ promotion of nutrient release from host
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
+ up-regulation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
+ activation by symbiont of nutrient release from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ formation by organism of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from host
+ formation by symbiont of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ formation by organism of haustoria for nutrient acquisition from host
+ The assembly by an organism of a haustorium, a projection from a cell or tissue that penetrates the host's tissues for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ formation by organism of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation by symbiont of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+ formation by organism of syncitium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition from host
+ biological_process
+ formation by organism of syncytium involving giant cell for nutrient acquisition from host
+ The assembly by an organism of a syncytium, a nematode-induced multi-nucleate and physiologically active aggregation of fused root cells which exclusively provides the nematode with nourishment during its sedentary life, for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interspecies quorum sensing
+
+
+ The process in which a community of single-celled organisms of different species monitors population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation by host of specialized structure for nutrient acquisition from symbiont
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The assembly by an organism of a cellular component or anatomical structure for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acquisition by symbiont of nutrients from host via siderophores
+
+ acquisition by organism of nutrients from host via siderophores
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intraspecies quorum sensing
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process in which single-celled organisms of the same species monitor population density by detecting the concentration of small, diffusible signal molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of pathogen-race/host plant cultivar-specific resistance in host
+ activation by organism of defense response in host by specific elicitors
+ biological_process
+ induction by organism of defense response in host by specific elicitors
+ activation by organism of pathogen-race/host plant cultivar-specific resistance in host
+ The activation by an organism of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ induction by organism of host gene-for-gene resistance
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of host gene-for-gene resistance
+ activation by organism of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of defense-related host CDPK pathway by organism
+ stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
+ activation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
+ up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
+ up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of ISR in host
+ activation by organism of induced systemic resistance in host
+ Any process by which an organism activates induced systemic resistance in the host; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by organism of ISR in host
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
+
+
+
+ activation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in host
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism activates systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of SAR in host
+ induction by organism of SAR in host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening
+
+
+
+ The activation by an organism of host processes resulting in the thickening of its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by organism of defense-related host cell wall thickening
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of host defensive cell wall thickening
+ induction by organism of host defensive cell wall thickening
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quorum sensing during interaction with host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process in which a community of single-celled organisms living in intimate contact with a host organism monitors population density by detecting the concentration of small diffusible signal molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related papilla formation in host
+ up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of callose deposition by the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+ gosubset_prok
+ induction by organism of defense-related host callose deposition
+ induction by organism of defense-related papilla formation in host
+ stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+ activation by symbiont of defense-related host callose deposition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development of symbiont during interaction with host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development of organism during interaction with host
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ growth or development of organism in response to host
+ The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the host in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+ upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+ activation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+ induction by organism of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+ up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+ stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ occlusion by symbiont of host vascular system
+
+
+ The process by which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its host's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host structure
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ occlusion by symbiont of host xylem
+
+
+ The process by which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the host xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy taxis in host environment
+
+
+ energy taxis in response to host environment
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in the environment of its host organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotaxis in host environment
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ chemotaxis in response to host environment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerotaxis in host environment
+
+
+
+ The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ aerotaxis in response to host environment
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive energy taxis in host environment
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive energy taxis in response to host environment
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near its host organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative energy taxis in host environment
+
+
+ negative energy taxis in response to host environment
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near its host organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive aerotaxis in host environment
+
+
+
+
+ positive aerotaxis in response to host environment
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive chemotaxis in host environment
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive chemotaxis in response to host environment
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative aerotaxis in host environment
+
+
+
+
+ negative aerotaxis in response to host environment
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative chemotaxis in host environment
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative chemotaxis in response to host environment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy taxis within host
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within its host organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy taxis on or near host
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near its host organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ movement in host environment
+
+
+ movement in response to host
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on, within or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ movement on or near host
+
+
+ The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive energy taxis
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative energy taxis
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative aerotaxis
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive aerotaxis
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive aerotaxis on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive aerotaxis within host
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative aerotaxis on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative aerotaxis within host
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative chemotaxis on or near host
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerotaxis within host
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerotaxis on or near host
+
+
+
+
+ The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative chemotaxis within host
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive chemotaxis within host
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive chemotaxis on or near host
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotaxis within host
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotaxis on or near host during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative energy taxis within host
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within its host organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative energy taxis on or near host
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near its host organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive energy taxis on or near host
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near its host organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive energy taxis within host
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within its host organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity
+
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in host enzyme activity. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation by symbiont of host enzyme activity
+ biological_process
+ regulation by symbiont of host catalytic activity
+ modulation of catalytic activity of host by symbiont
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of catalytic activity of host by symbiont
+ regulation of host catalytic activity by symbiont
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host protease activity
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in host protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+ Note that term is to be used to annotate gene products in the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term 'regulation of apoptosis ; GO:0042981'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
+
+
+
+ up regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
+ activation by symbiont of host apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ upregulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+ up regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+ positive regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the host, where programmed cell death proceeds by apoptosis. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ GO:0033669
+ Note that term is to be used to annotate gene products in the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term 'positive regulation of apoptosis ; GO:0043065'.
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
+ stimulation by symbiont of host apoptosis
+ up-regulation by organism of host apoptotic programmed cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host B-cell mediated immune response
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ regulation by organism of host B-cell mediated immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host cell-mediated immune response
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any form of cell-based immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ modulation by organism of host cell-based immune response
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host T-cell mediated immune response
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced host innate immunity
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation by organism of host gene-for-gene resistance
+ gosubset_prok
+ modulation by organism of pathogen-race/host plant cultivar-specific resistance in symbiont
+ modulation by organism of defense response in host by specific elicitors
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of host defensive cell wall thickening
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host processes resulting in the thickening of its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion fluxes as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host Ca2+ flux
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host NO production
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host AOS production
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host oxidative burst
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host ROS production
+ gosubset_prok
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host metabolic burst
+ biological_process
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host respiratory burst
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxygen intermediate production
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host active oxygen species production
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host ROI production
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+
+
+
+
+ activation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ induction of host innate immune response
+ up regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+ induction of host innate immunity
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of host innate immune response
+ upregulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+ stimulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+
+
+ modulation of host innate immune response
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways during the host defense response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation by organism of defense-related host CDPK pathway
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent modulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of the host organism, the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ downregulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of host innate immune response
+ inhibition by symbiont of host innate immunity
+ down regulation by symbiont of host innate immunity
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring when the organism is in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by symbiont of host cell wall cellulose
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving cellulose in the cell wall of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to defenses of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by symbiont of host macromolecule
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by symbiont of host carbohydrate
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving carbohydrates within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by symbiont of host glucan
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving glucans within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by symbiont of host xylan
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving xylan within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by symbiont of host cell wall chitin
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving chitin in the cell wall of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by symbiont of host cell wall pectin
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving pectin in the cell wall of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peptidase activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ negative regulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down regulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont defense response
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the symbiont. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by host of symbiont morphology or physiology via secreted substance
+
+
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a symbiont organism, mediated by a substance secreted by one of the organisms. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by host of symbiont structure
+
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of the host organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification of structure of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in an anatomical part or cellular component of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by host of symbiont cellular component
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a symbiont cellular component. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification of cellular component in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a cellular component in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the host in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host phagocytosis
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host phagocytosis
+
+
+ up regulation by symbiont of host phagocytosis
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host phagocytosis
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by symbiont of host phagocytosis
+ upregulation by symbiont of host phagocytosis
+ stimulation by symbiont of host phagocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ movement in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ locomotion in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ movement in symbiont environment
+
+
+ The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on, within or near its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ movement on or near symbiont
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on or near its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ movement on or near other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The directed movement of an organism or motile cell on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont defense response
+
+
+
+ down-regulation by host of symbiont defense response
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down regulation by host of symbiont defense response
+ downregulation by host of symbiont defense response
+ inhibition by host of symbiont defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont defense response
+
+
+ up regulation by host of symbiont defense response
+ up-regulation by host of symbiont defense response
+ upregulation by host of symbiont defense response
+ biological_process
+ stimulation by host of symbiont defense response
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by host of symbiont defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of protease activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of catalytic activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ down regulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition of enzyme activity in other organism
+ inhibition of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ downregulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to host defenses
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to symbiont defenses
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the defenses of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of callose by the host in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+ downregulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+ down-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall callose deposition
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of catalytic activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in enzyme activity in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ modulation of enzyme activity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of molecular function in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ inhibition of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of proteins in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down regulation of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ downregulation of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down-regulation of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition of protein function in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of molecular function in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ modification of protein function in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modification of molecular function in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via protein secreted by type II secretion system during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type II secretion system in the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via protein secreted by type III secretion system during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type III secretion system in the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via substance secreted by type IV secretion system during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by a type IV secretion system in the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with other organism via substance secreted by type IV secretion system during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism by a type IV secretion system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with other organism via protein secreted by type III secretion system during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism by a type III secretion system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with other organism via protein secreted by type II secretion system during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ An interaction with a second organism mediated by a substance secreted by the first organism by a type II secretion system, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification of morphology or physiology of other organism via secreted substance during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of a second organism, mediated by a substance secreted by one of the organisms, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ modification of host morphology or physiology via effector molecule
+ modification of host morphology or physiology via ellicitor
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interaction with symbiont via secreted substance
+
+
+ An interaction with the symbiont organism mediated by a substance secreted by the other (host) organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism of substance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy taxis in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in the environment of a second organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ energy taxis in response to environment of other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotaxis in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ chemotaxis in response to environment of other organism
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerotaxis in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ aerotaxis in response to environment of other organism
+ The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive energy taxis in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ positive energy taxis in response to environment of other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near a second organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative energy taxis in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ negative energy taxis in response to environment of other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on, within or near a second organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive aerotaxis in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive aerotaxis in response to environment of other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive chemotaxis in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a chemical on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive chemotaxis in response to environment of other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative aerotaxis in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+ negative aerotaxis in response to environment of other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative chemotaxis in environment of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ negative chemotaxis in response to environment of other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on, within or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy taxis within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within a second organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy taxis on or near other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near a second organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biosynthesis of substance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in a second organism resulting in the formation of substances, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism of substance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in a second organism resulting in the breakdown of substances, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by symbiont of host protein
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving protein macromolecules within the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism of macromolecule in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving macromolecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of intracellular transport in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of substances within the cell or cells of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation of intracellular trafficking in other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of phagocytosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive aerotaxis on or near other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive aerotaxis within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of environmental oxygen within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative aerotaxis on or near other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative aerotaxis within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of environmental oxygen within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative chemotaxis on or near other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerotaxis within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerotaxis on or near other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ The movement of a motile cell or organism in response to environmental oxygen on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative chemotaxis within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of a specific chemical within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive chemotaxis within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive chemotaxis on or near other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration of a specific chemical on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotaxis within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemotaxis on or near other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient on or near a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative energy taxis within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within a second organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative energy taxis on or near other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near a second organism towards a lower level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive energy taxis on or near other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism on or near a second organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive energy taxis within other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a motile cell or organism within a second organism towards a higher level of a physical stimulus involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ modulation by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ GO:0052459
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of RNA levels in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of RNA in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, occurring in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation of defense response of other organism
+ The activation by an organism of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related SA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ downregulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative modulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ down regulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ negative modulation by organism of defense-related SA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ inhibition by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down-regulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ down regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ negative regulation of SA-mediated defense response of other organism
+ suppression by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down-regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ suppression of SA mediated defense response of other organism
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ down-regulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down regulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ suppression by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of a second organism, the response mounted by that organism in response to the presence of the first organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent induction by organism of innate immunity of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ general elicitor-dependent induction of innate immunity of other organism
+ general elicitor dependent induction of innate immunity of other organism
+ MAMP-dependent induction of innate immunity of other organism
+ PAMP-dependent induction of innate immunity of other organism
+ MAMP dependent induction of innate immunity of other organism
+ PAMP dependent induction of innate immunity of other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced innate immunity of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ suppression of general elicitor induced innate immunity of other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation by organism of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced innate immunity of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ suppression of PAMP-induced innate immunity of other organism
+ downregulation by organism of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced innate immunity of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ suppression of MAMP induced innate immunity of other organism
+ suppression of MAMP-induced innate immunity of other organism
+ suppression of general elicitor-induced innate immunity of other organism
+ down regulation by organism of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced innate immunity of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ suppression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced innate immunity of other organism
+ inhibition by organism of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced innate immunity of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ suppression of PAMP induced innate immunity of other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ activation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ stimulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up-regulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up regulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response; the inflammatory response is the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ downregulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down regulation by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition by organism of inflammatory response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ suppression of defense response of other organism
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down-regulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ down regulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ downregulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ activation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ The activation by an organism of the production of phytoalexins that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related NO production in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense-related NO production in other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ The activation by an organism of the production of nitric oxide that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of defense-related oxidative burst in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related AOS production in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense-related reactive oxidative species production in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen intermediate production in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related metabolic burst in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense-related respiratory burst in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related ROS production in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related ROI production in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense-related active oxygen species production in other organism
+ The activation by an organism of the production of reactive oxygen species that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by organism of defense-related oxidative burst in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense-related metabolic burst in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen intermediate production in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related respiratory burst in other organism
+ biological_process
+ induction by organism of defense-related ROS production in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense-related AOS production in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related active oxygen species production in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense-related ROI production in other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of defense-related reactive oxidative species production in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The activation by an organism of a flux of calcium ions that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ induction by organism of Ca2+ flux of other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of Ca2+ flux of other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ suppression by organism of JA-mediated defense response of other organism
+ inhibition by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down-regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ downregulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ down-regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related JA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ inhibition by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ downregulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ downregulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ down-regulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ up regulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ induction by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ stimulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related SA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ induction by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ up regulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense-related SA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related SA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ stimulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by organism of defense-related SA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ up-regulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related SA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related SA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ biological_process
+ stimulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ up-regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ induction by organism of defense-related SA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ up regulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related SA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of SA-mediated defense response of other organism
+ up-regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ stimulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up regulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ induction by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism
+ induction by organism of SA-mediated defense response of other organism
+ upregulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ upregulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ positive regulation by organism of JA-mediated defense response of other organism
+ up regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ stimulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ induction by organism of JA-mediated defense response of other organism
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ induction by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ upregulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism
+ upregulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism
+ stimulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up-regulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ induction by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ downregulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ inhibition by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ activation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ up-regulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ stimulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ induction by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ modulation of defense-related mitogen activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway of other organism
+ modulation of defense-related MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway of other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of cell-mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ down regulation by organism of cell-mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by organism of cell-mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cell-based immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation by organism of cell-based immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition by organism of cell-mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down-regulation by organism of cell-mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of ethylene-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ethylene-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of T-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ down-regulation by organism of T-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition by organism of T-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ down regulation by organism of T-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ downregulation by organism of T-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down-regulation by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down regulation by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ down-regulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the accumulation of callose that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ suppression by organism of defense-related callose deposition of other organism
+ down regulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ modulation by organism of JA-mediated defense response of other organism
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the jasmonic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of salicylic acid-mediated defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ modulation by organism of SA-mediated defense response of other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the accumulation of callose that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ activation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism
+ activation by organism of gene-for-gene resistance in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense response of other organism by specific elicitors
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of defense response of other organism by specific elicitors
+ biological_process
+ The activation by an organism of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ induction by organism of gene-for-gene resistance in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ up regulation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent protein kinase pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related CDPK pathway of other organism
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ stimulation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ induction by organism of ISR in other organism
+ activation by organism of ISR in other organism
+ activation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates induced systemic resistance, a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ induction by organism of SAR in other organism
+ activation by organism of SAR in other organism
+ Any process by which an organism activates systemic acquired resistance, a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ induction by organism of defensive cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ The activation by an organism of the thickening of cell walls that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of defensive cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ up regulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the accumulation of callose that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ induction by organism of defense-related papilla formation in other organism
+ up-regulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ stimulation by organism of defense-related callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related papilla formation in other organism
+ induction by organism of defense-related callose deposition of other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ induction by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up-regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ stimulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition by a second organism of callose in its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ regulation by organism of B-cell mediated immune response of other organism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the B-cell mediated immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of cell-mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any form of cell-based immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation by organism of cell-based immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of T-cell mediated immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the T-cell mediated immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ modulation by organism of defense response in other organism by specific elicitors
+ gosubset_prok
+ modulation by organism of gene-for-gene resistance in other organism
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance, a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance, a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ modulation by organism of defensive cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the thickening of cell walls that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related calcium ion flux in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ modulation by organism of defense-related Ca2+ flux in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fluxes of calcium ions that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation by organism of defense-related NO production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related AOS production in other organism
+ modulation by organism of defense-related ROS production in other organism
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen intermediate production in other organism
+ biological_process
+ modulation by organism of defense-related active oxygen species production in other organism
+ modulation by organism of defense-related oxidative burst in other organism
+ modulation by organism of defense-related respiratory burst in other organism
+ modulation by organism of defense-related ROI production in other organism
+ modulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxidative species production in other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ modulation by organism of defense-related metabolic burst in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of production of phytoalexins that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ stimulation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation of innate immune response of other organism
+ upregulation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ modulation of innate immune response of other organism
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response, the first line of defense against infection, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related calcium-dependent protein kinase pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ modulation by organism of defense-related CDPK pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-dependent protein kinase signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent modulation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ down regulation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ negative regulation of innate immune response of other organism
+ downregulation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the innate immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the accumulation of callose in cell walls that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ downregulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the accumulation of callose in cell walls that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall callose deposition in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of transcription in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of nutrient release from other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytoalexin metabolic process
+
+ phytoalexin metabolism
+ goslim_pir
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytoalexin biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
+ biological_process
+ phytoalexin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phytoalexin catabolic process
+
+
+ phytoalexin catabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ camalexin metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving camalexin, an indole phytoalexin.
+ camalexin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phytoalexin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins, any of a range of substances produced by plants as part of their defense response.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.
+ regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phytoalexin metabolism
+ activation of phytoalexin metabolism
+ up-regulation of phytoalexin metabolism
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of phytoalexin metabolism
+ upregulation of phytoalexin metabolism
+ up regulation of phytoalexin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phytoalexin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of phytoalexin metabolism
+ down regulation of phytoalexin metabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin metabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways involving phytoalexins.
+ inhibition of phytoalexin metabolism
+ down-regulation of phytoalexin metabolism
+ negative regulation of phytoalexin metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ up-regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ stimulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ upregulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.
+ activation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phytoalexin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ down regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ down-regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of phytoalexin biosynthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phytoalexin biosynthesis, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phytoalexins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall cellulose biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall cellulose biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
+ cellulose biosynthesis during cell wall biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall pectin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall pectin biosynthesis
+ pectin biosynthesis during cell wall organization and biogenesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of phytoalexins that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up-regulation by organism of phytoalexin production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0052518
+ positive regulation by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemolysis by organism of erythrocytes in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ hemolysis by organism of red blood cells in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ haemolysis in other organism
+ hemolysin activity
+ The cytolytic destruction of red blood cells, with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, in one organism by another, where two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ hemolysis by organism of RBCs in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by organism of cell membrane in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the cell membrane of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by organism of cell wall of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ metabolism by organism of cell wall of other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by organism of cytoskeleton in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the cytoskeleton of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by host of symbiont cytoskeleton
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the symbiont cytoskeleton. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by host of symbiont cell wall
+
+
+ metabolism of symbiont cell wall by organism
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by host of symbiont cell membrane
+
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the structure or function of the symbiont cell membrane. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disassembly by host of symbiont cell wall
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ degradation of symbiont cell wall by organism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ catabolism of symbiont cell wall by organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disassembly by organism of cell wall of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by organism of cell wall cellulose in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellulose in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by organism of cell wall pectin in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of pectin in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by organism of cell wall chitin in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of chitin in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
+
+
+
+ activation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of phytoalexins as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ stimulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
+ up regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
+ upregulation by symbiont of host phytoalexin production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ up-regulation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up regulation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ stimulation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of defense-related nitric oxide production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related NO production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
+
+
+
+ up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
+ stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host NO production
+ activation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of nitric oxide as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host nitric oxide production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related oxidative burst in other organism
+ activation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up regulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related AOS production in other organism
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen intermediate production in other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related metabolic burst in other organism
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related ROS production in other organism
+ stimulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related active oxygen species production in other organism
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related ROI production in other organism
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related respiratory burst in other organism
+ up-regulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxygen species production in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related reactive oxidative species production in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biosynthesis by host of substance in symbiont
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its symbiont resulting in the formation of substances. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by host of symbiont carbohydrate
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by organism of carbohydrate in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by host of symbiont cell wall cellulose
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellulose in the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by host of symbiont cell wall chitin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of chitin in the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by host of symbiont cell wall pectin
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of pectin in the symbiont cell wall. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by host of symbiont glucan
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of glucan molecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by organism of glucan in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of glucan molecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by host of symbiont macromolecule
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by organism of macromolecule in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of macromolecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by host of symbiont protein
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of protein macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by organism of protein in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of protein macromolecules within the second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by host of substance in symbiont
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its symbiont resulting in the breakdown of substances. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by host of symbiont xylan
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of xylan within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catabolism by organism of xylan in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of xylan within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disassembly by host of symbiont cellular component
+
+
+ degradation of symbiont cellular component by organism
+ biological_process
+ catabolism of symbiont cellular component by organism
+ catabolism of symbiont structural constituent by organism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disassembly by organism of cellular component in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism resulting in the breakdown of cellular components of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ catabolism of structural constituent in other organism
+ gosubset_prok
+ catabolism of cellular component in other organism
+ degradation of cellular component in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host ROS production
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the production of reactive oxygen species as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxidative species production
+ up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
+ stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host reactive oxygen intermediate production
+ upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host oxidative burst
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host ROI production
+ activation by symbiont of defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host respiratory burst
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host metabolic burst
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host active oxygen species production
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host AOS production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry of organism into cell of other organism by promotion of phagocytosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The invasion by an organism of a cell of a second organism by utilizing the second organism's phagocytosis mechanism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ modulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of entry into host
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ inhibition by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down-regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ downregulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ down regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of entry into host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down regulation by symbiont of entry into host
+ down-regulation by symbiont of entry into host
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ downregulation by symbiont of entry into host
+ inhibition by symbiont of entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of nitric oxide produced by other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of other organism-produced NO
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism avoids the effects of nitric oxide produced as a defense response by a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of other organism-produced nitric oxide
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of NO produced by other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of phytoalexins produced by other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance of other organism phytoalexins
+ The process by which an organism avoids the effects of phytoalexins produced as a defense response by the second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ evasion or tolerance of phytoalexins produced by other organism
+ biological_process
+ phytoalexin detoxification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of entry into other organism via phagocytosis during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ modulation by organism of entry into other organism via other organism phagocytosis during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism via the phagocytotic processes of the other organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of entry into host via phagocytosis
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host, via the phagocytotic processes of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation by organism of entry into host via host phagocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of innate immune response in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of innate immunity in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of innate immune response in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ The activation by an organism of the innate immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of reactive oxygen species produced by other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ evasion or tolerance of ROS produced by other organism
+ The process by which an organism avoids the effects of reactive oxygen species produced as a defense response by a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of reactive oxygen species produced during defense response of other organism
+ evasion or tolerance of ROIs produced by other organism
+ evasion or tolerance of active oxygen species produced by other organism
+ evasion or tolerance of reactive oxygen intermediates produced by other organism
+ evasion by organism of cellular damage caused by oxidative burst of other organism
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of defense-related metabolic burst in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ evasion or tolerance of reactive oxygen species produced by other organism
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of defense-related respiratory burst in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ evasion or tolerance by organism of defense-related oxidative burst in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ evasion or tolerance of AOS produced by other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall thickening
+
+ biological_process
+ A type of cell wall modification in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of apoptosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism activates programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by organism of apoptosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ induction by organism of apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fluxes of calcium ions that occur as part of the defense response of a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related host Ca2+ flux
+ upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
+ up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
+ stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
+ activation by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of host innate immunity
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of host innate immune response
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of host innate immunity
+ The activation by an organism of the innate immune response of the host organism; the innate immune response is the host's first line of defense against infection. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ induction by organism of host innate immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of host Ca2+ flux
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of host calcium ion flux
+ The activation by an organism of a flux of calcium ions that occurs as part of the defense response of a host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of host Ca2+ flux
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by host of symbiont defense response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation of symbiont defense response
+ The activation by an organism of the defense response of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The activation by an organism of programmed cell death in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ GO:0012504
+ induction of non-apoptotic programmed cell death by other organism
+ activation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ induction by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism
+ GO:0052397
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity
+
+
+
+ down regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
+ down-regulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
+ inhibition by host of symbiont enzyme activity
+ downregulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
+ inhibition of symbiont enzyme activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont peptidase activity
+
+
+
+ downregulation by host of symbiont protease activity
+ inhibition of symbiont protease activity
+ down regulation by host of symbiont protease activity
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont protease activity
+ inhibition by host of symbiont protease activity
+ down-regulation by host of symbiont protease activity
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont molecular function
+
+
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation by host of symbiont protein function
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the functional activity of symbiont proteins. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont protein function
+ down regulation by host of symbiont protein function
+ downregulation by host of symbiont protein function
+ inhibition of symbiont protein function
+ inhibition by host of symbiont protein function
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by host of symbiont carbohydrate
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving carbohydrates within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by organism of carbohydrate in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving carbohydrates within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by host of symbiont cell wall cellulose
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving cellulose in the cell wall of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by organism of cell wall cellulose in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving cellulose in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by host of symbiont cell wall chitin
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving chitin in the cell wall of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by organism of cell wall chitin in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving chitin in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by host of symbiont cell wall pectin
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving pectin in the cell wall of the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by organism of cell wall pectin in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving pectin in the cell wall of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by host of symbiont glucan
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving glucans within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by organism of glucan in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving glucans within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by host of symbiont macromolecule
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by host of symbiont protein
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving protein macromolecules within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by organism of protein in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving protein macromolecules within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by host of substance in symbiont
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism in its symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by host of symbiont xylan
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving xylan within the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metabolism by organism of xylan in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways performed by an organism involving xylan within a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont catalytic activity
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont enzyme activity
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in symbiont enzyme activity. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up-regulation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ positive regulation by organism of defense response in other organism by specific elicitors
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ stimulation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up regulation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of resistance gene-dependent defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ positive regulation by organism of gene-for-gene resistance in other organism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont protease activity
+
+
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in symbiont protease activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a protein. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by host of symbiont molecular function
+
+
+ modification by host of symbiont protein function
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism effects a change in the function of proteins in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont RNA levels
+
+
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of RNA in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of apoptosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ modulation by organism of apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+ modulation of defense-related symbiont MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism
+ modulation of defense-related symbiont mitogen activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway by organism
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ethylene-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ modulation of defense-related JA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of jasmonic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of defense-related salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ modulation of defense-related SA-mediated signal transduction pathway in other organism
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of salicylic acid-mediated signal transduction pathways that occur as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of ethylene levels in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of ethylene in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of jasmonic acid levels in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of jasmonic acid in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont phagocytosis
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of salicylic acid levels in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of salicylic acid in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont transcription
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont transcription, the synthesis of either RNA on a template of DNA or DNA on a template of RNA. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall thickening during defense response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A type of cell wall modification, in which the cell wall is reinforced and made thicker, that occurs as part of the defense response of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of entry into cell of other organism via phagocytosis during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops or prevents itself undergoing phagocytosis into a cell in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down-regulation by organism of entry into cell of other organism via phagocytosis during symbiotic interaction
+ downregulation by organism of entry into cell of other organism via phagocytosis during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ down regulation by organism of entry into cell of other organism via phagocytosis during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition by organism of entry into cell of other organism via phagocytosis during symbiotic interaction
+ negative regulation by organism of entry into cell of other organism via other organism phagocytosis during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death
+
+ inhibition of symbiont programmed cell death
+ down-regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ inhibition by host of symbiont programmed cell death
+ down regulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death
+ downregulation by host of symbiont programmed cell death
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ down regulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ inhibition of programmed cell death in other organism
+ downregulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ inhibition by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down-regulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+
+
+ negative modulation by organism of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ inhibition by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+ down-regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+ down regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+ downregulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ negative modulation by organism of other organism signal transduction pathway
+ inhibition by organism of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down-regulation by organism of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down regulation by organism of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ downregulation by organism of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the second organism signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ occlusion by host of symbiont vascular system
+
+
+ The process by which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its symbiont's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ occlusion by organism of vascular system in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ The process by which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within its second organism's vascular system, the vessels and tissue that carry or circulate fluids, such as blood, lymph or sap, through the body of an animal or plant, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ occlusion by host of symbiont xylem
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the symbiont xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ occlusion by organism of xylem in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The process by which an organism reduces the flow of fluid within the xylem, the tissue in plants that carries water and nutrients up from the roots to the shoot and leaves, of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of apoptosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ up regulation by organism of apoptosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ stimulation by organism of apoptosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ positive regulation by organism of apoptotic programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of apoptosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death by apoptosis in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation by organism of apoptosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of apoptosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathways during the symbiont defense response. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up-regulation by host of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ upregulation by host of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ activation by host of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related symbiont MAPK-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ stimulation by host of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ induction by organism of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ up regulation by host of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+ activation by organism of defense-related symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host defense response
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by symbiont of host defense response
+ activation by symbiont of host defense response
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host defense response
+ stimulation by symbiont of host defense response
+ upregulation by symbiont of host defense response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ stimulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up regulation by organism of defense response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ stimulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ positive modulation of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism
+ up regulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up-regulation by organism of hormone or growth regulator levels in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ The increase by an organism of the levels of hormones or growth regulators in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
+
+
+ biological_process
+ promotion of nutrient release from symbiont
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
+ stimulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
+ activation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
+ up-regulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
+ upregulation by host of nutrient release from symbiont
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of nutrient release from other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by organism of nutrient release from other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of nutrient release from other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ promotion of nutrient release from other organism
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release of nutrients from a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ stimulation by organism of nutrient release from other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ activation by organism of nutrient release from other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up regulation by organism of nutrient release from other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont phagocytosis
+
+
+ up-regulation by host of symbiont phagocytosis
+ stimulation by host of symbiont phagocytosis
+ upregulation by host of symbiont phagocytosis
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the symbiont organism. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by host of symbiont phagocytosis
+ up regulation by host of symbiont phagocytosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of phagocytosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ activation by organism of phagocytosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of phagocytosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis, the engulfing by phagocytes of external particulate material, in the second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up-regulation by organism of phagocytosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ stimulation by organism of phagocytosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up regulation by organism of phagocytosis in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+
+
+ up regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+ activation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+ stimulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor. The symbiont is defined as the smaller of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ upregulation by host of symbiont signal transduction pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ activation by organism of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the second organism signal transduction pathways, the cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by organism of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ stimulation by organism of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up regulation by organism of signal transduction pathway in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+ positive regulation by organism of defense response in host by specific elicitors
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the resistance gene-dependent defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation by organism of host gene-for-gene resistance
+ activation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+ up regulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation by symbiont of host resistance gene-dependent defense response
+ positive regulation by organism of pathogen-race/host plant cultivar-specific resistance in symbiont
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation by organism of programmed cell death in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ Any process by which an organism increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death in the second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ enhancement of other organism programmed cell death by organism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance, a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up regulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of induced systemic resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
+
+
+
+
+ activation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
+ up-regulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
+ biological_process
+ upregulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of induced systemic resistance in the host organism; induced systemic resistance is a response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance to disease and that does not depend upon salicylic acid signaling. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
+ stimulation by symbiont of induced systemic resistance in host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ up-regulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ up regulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance, in a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ upregulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ stimulation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of systemic acquired resistance in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
+
+
+
+
+ activation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
+ up-regulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of systemic acquired resistance in the host organism; systemic acquired resistance is a salicylic acid-mediated response that confers broad spectrum systemic resistance. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ up regulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
+ upregulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
+ gosubset_prok
+ stimulation by symbiont of systemic acquired resistance in host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ up regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the thickening of cell walls that occurs as part of the defense response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ activation by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up-regulation by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ positive regulation by organism of defensive cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of defense-related cell wall thickening in other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of host defensive cell wall thickening
+ activation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a host process resulting in the thickening of its cell walls, occurring as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ upregulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening
+ stimulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening
+ up-regulation by symbiont of defense-related host cell wall thickening
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plant-type cell wall cellulose metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall cellulose metabolism
+ cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall cellulose metabolic process
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving cellulose, a linear beta1-4 glucan of molecular mass 50-400 kDa with the pyranose units in the -4C1 conformation, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ callose deposition during defense response
+
+
+ callose localization during defense response
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ callose deposition in cell wall
+
+
+ cell wall callose deposition
+ biological_process
+ callose localization in cell wall
+ cell wall callose localization
+ Any process by which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ callose deposition in cell wall during defense response
+
+
+
+ cell wall callose localization during defense response
+ cell wall callose deposition during defense response
+ callose localization in cell wall during defense response
+ Any process by which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, the cell wall during the defense response. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ callose localization
+
+ Any process by which callose is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. Callose is a linear 1,3-beta-d-glucan formed from UDP-glucose and is found in certain plant cell walls.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall pectin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall pectin metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving pectin, a polymer containing a backbone of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid residues, as part of the organization and biogenesis of the cell wall.
+ biological_process
+ pectin metabolism during cell wall organization and biogenesis
+ cell wall pectin metabolism
+ plant-type cell wall pectin metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peptidase activity
+
+ peptidase regulator activity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of endopeptidase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ protease regulator activity
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to phytoalexin production by other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of phytoalexins produced as a defense response by a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to defense-related reactive oxygen species production by other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species produced as a defense response by a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to defense-related nitric oxide production by other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of nitric oxide produced as a defense response by a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host immune response
+
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ upregulation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ activation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ up-regulation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
+ stimulation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ up regulation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host immune response
+
+
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by symbiont of host immune response
+ activation by symbiont of host immune response
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by symbiont of host immune response
+ upregulation by symbiont of host immune response
+ stimulation by symbiont of host immune response
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ activation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process by which an organism activates the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction by symbiont of host immune response
+
+
+ Any process by which an organism activates the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ downregulation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ down-regulation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction. The immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
+ down regulation by organism of immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host immune response
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ inhibition by symbiont of host immune response
+ down regulation by symbiont of host immune response
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response of the host organism; the immune response is any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ down-regulation by symbiont of host immune response
+ biological_process
+ downregulation by symbiont of host immune response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to immune response of other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the immune response of a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to defense-related host nitric oxide production
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of nitric oxide produced as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to host phytoalexin production
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of phytoalexins produced as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to defense-related host reactive oxygen species production
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of reactive oxygen species produced as part of the defense response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to host immune response
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the immune response of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Muscle cell development does not include the steps involved in committing an unspecified cell to the muscle cell fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a striated muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Striated muscle cells contain fibers that are divided by transverse bands into striations, and cardiac and skeletal muscle are types of striated muscle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac myofibril assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
+ cardiac myofibril morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ heart myofibril assembly
+ cardiac myofibril development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrial cardiac myofibril development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrial cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
+ biological_process
+ atrial heart myofibril development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventricular cardiac myofibril development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ventricular cardiac myofibril over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A cardiac myofibril is a myofibril specific to cardiac muscle cells.
+ ventricular heart myofibril development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ heart cell development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. A cardiac cell is a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle cell differentiation
+
+
+ heart muscle cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
+ cardiomyocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart muscle morphogensis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrial cardiac muscle morphogenesis
+
+ cardiac atrium muscle morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ atrial heart muscle morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventricular cardiac muscle morphogenesis
+
+ cardiac ventricle muscle morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ ventricular heart muscle morphogenesis
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrial cardiac muscle cell differentiation
+
+ atrial heart muscle cell differentiation
+ atrial cardiomyocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell in the atrium. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that allows blood to return to the organ.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation
+
+ ventricular heart muscle cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ ventricular cardiomyocyte differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood away from the organ.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle cell development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
+ heart muscle cell development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrial cardiac muscle cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an atrial cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The atrium is the part of the heart that allows blood to return to the organ.
+ atrial cardiomyocyte development
+ biological_process
+ atrial heart muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventricular cardiac muscle cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventricular heart muscle cell development
+ ventricular cardiomyocyte development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood away from the organ.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypochord development
+
+ subnotochordal rod development
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hypochord over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hypochord is a transient rod-like structure in the embryos of fish, lampreys and amphibians that is located immediately ventral to the notochord. The hypochord may play a role in positioning the dorsal aorta.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle tissue growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The increase in size or mass of a cardiac muscle, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.
+ heart muscle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development
+ regulation of heart muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
+ downregulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.
+ negative regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development
+ negative regulation of heart muscle fiber development
+ down regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
+ inhibition of cardiac muscle fiber development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
+ up-regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle fiber development.
+ activation of cardiac muscle fiber development
+ positive regulation of cardiac muscle fibre development
+ up regulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
+ positive regulation of heart muscle fiber development
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of cardiac muscle fiber development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardiac muscle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cardiac muscle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.
+ down-regulation of cardiac muscle growth
+ down regulation of cardiac muscle growth
+ negative regulation of heart muscle growth
+ inhibition of cardiac muscle growth
+ downregulation of cardiac muscle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cardiac muscle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up-regulation of cardiac muscle growth
+ positive regulation of heart muscle growth
+ up regulation of cardiac muscle growth
+ upregulation of cardiac muscle growth
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle growth.
+ stimulation of cardiac muscle growth
+ activation of cardiac muscle growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heart muscle development
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of cardiac muscle development
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.
+ up-regulation of cardiac muscle development
+ up regulation of cardiac muscle development
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of cardiac muscle development
+ positive regulation of heart muscle development
+ activation of cardiac muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cardiac muscle tissue development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of cardiac muscle development
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle tissue development.
+ downregulation of cardiac muscle development
+ inhibition of cardiac muscle development
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of heart muscle development
+ down-regulation of cardiac muscle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical microtubule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane in the cortical cytosol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that possesses DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin large complex, equatorial microtubule organizing center
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin large complex, eMTOC
+ gamma-tubulin large complex, equatorial microtubule organizing centre
+ A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes located at equatorial microtubule organizing centers.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin large complex, spindle pole body
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes located in the spindle pole body.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gamma-tubulin large complex, interphase microtubule organizing center
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gamma-tubulin large complex, interphase microtubule organizing centre
+ A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes located at interphase microtubule organizing centers.
+ gamma-tubulin large complex, iMTOC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bolwig's organ development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Bolwig's organ over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larval eye in Drosophila is a relatively simple sensory system composed of Bolwig's organs: two clusters, each composed of 12 photoreceptor cells from which axons extend in a single fascicle to the brain.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plastid thylakoid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a plastid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ virion membrane
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a virion.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recycling endosome
+
+ Organelle consisting of networks of 60nm tubules organized around the microtubule organizing centre in some cell types. They transport receptors from late endosomes back to the plasma membrane for recycling and are also involved in membrane trafficking.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recycling endosome membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a recycling endosome.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trichocyst
+
+ A crystalline exocytotic organelle composed of small, acidic proteins existing primarily as disulphide-linked dimers. The trichocyst is an organelle that releases long filamentous proteins that capture predators in "nets" to slow them down when the cell is disturbed. The protein is nontoxic and shaped like a long, striated, fibrous shaft.
+ Wikipedia:Trichocyst
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ periplasmic flagellum
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Flagellar filaments located in the periplasmic space; characterized in spirochetes, in which they are essential for shape and motility. Composed of a core surrounded by two sheath layers, the flagella rotate to allow migration of the cell through viscous media, which would not be possible using external flagella.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ symplast
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Symplast
+ The interconnected protoplasts of a plant. The interconnections occur via the plasmodesmata.
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ antipodal cell degeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the antipodal cells undergo programmed cell death.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microgametogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen development from the microspore
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Microgametogenesis
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pollen grain over time, from its formation as the microspore to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generative cell mitosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the generative cell divides by mitosis to form two haploid cells. These will subsequently differentiate into sperm cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anastral spindle assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart, in the absence of centrosomes. Formation is initiated by the nucleation of microtubules (MTs) in the vicinity of condensed chromatin. MTs then attach to and congress around the chromatin due to activity of microtubule motors. A bipolar spindle is formed by focusing of the terminal ends of the MT array into spindle poles by molecular motors and cross-linking proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astral spindle assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the spindle, the array of microtubules and associated molecules that serves to move duplicated chromosomes apart, in the presence of centrosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astral spindle assembly involved in male meiosis
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the astral spindle in male meiotic cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, integrated substrate binding
+
+ cellular_component
+ A complex for the transport of metabolites out of the cell, consisting of 4 domains: two ATP-binding domains and two membrane spanning domains. In some cases, all 4 domains are contained on 1 polypeptide, while in others one ATP-binding domain and one membrane spanning domain are together on one polypeptide in what is called a "half transporter". Two "half-transporters" come together to form a functional transporter. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex, substrate-binding subunit-containing
+
+ A complex for the transport of metabolites into the cell, consisting of 5 subunits: two ATP-binding subunits, two membrane spanning subunits, and one substrate-binding subunit. In organisms with two membranes, the substrate-binding protein moves freely in the periplasmic space and joins the other subunits only when bound with substrate. In organisms with only one membrane the substrate-binding protein is tethered to the cytoplasmic membrane and associated with the other subunits. Transport of the substrate across the membrane is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into daughter cells. A neuroblast is any cell that will divide and give rise to a neuron.
+ neuroblast cell division
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ symmetric neuroblast division
+
+ biological_process
+ The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two equi-potent daughter cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asymmetric neuroblast division
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into two daughter cells with different developmental potentials.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asymmetric neuroblast division resulting in ganglion mother cell formation
+
+
+ Any process resulting in the physical partitioning and separation of a neuroblast into a neuroblast and a ganglion mother cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ di-, tri-valent inorganic anion homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of divalent or trivalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphate ion homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of phosphate ions within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfate ion homeostasis
+
+ sulphate ion homeostasis
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of sulfate ions within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chloride ion homeostasis
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of chloride ions within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metal ion homeostasis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of metal ions within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ di-, tri-valent inorganic cation homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of divalent or trivalent cations within an organism or cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monovalent inorganic cation homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of monovalent inorganic cations within an organism or cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cobalt ion homeostasis
+
+ cobalt homeostasis
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of cobalt ions within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zinc ion homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of zinc ions within an organism or cell.
+ zinc homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ copper ion homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of copper ions within an organism or cell.
+ copper homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ manganese ion homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ manganese homeostasis
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of manganese ions within an organism or cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iron ion homeostasis
+
+ iron homeostasis
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of iron ions within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cadmium ion homeostasis
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of cadmium ions within an organism or cell.
+ cadmium homeostasis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium ion homeostasis
+
+
+ regulation of calcium ion concentration
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of calcium ions within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ potassium ion homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of potassium ions within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transition metal ion homeostasis
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of transition metal ions within an organism or cell. A transition metal is an element whose atom has an incomplete d-subshell of extranuclear electrons, or which gives rise to a cation or cations with an incomplete d-subshell. Transition metals often have more than one valency state. Biologically relevant transition metals include vanadium, manganese, iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum and silver.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sodium ion homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of sodium ions within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aluminum ion homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of aluminum ions within an organism or cell.
+ aluminium ion homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cation homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of cations within an organism or cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anion homeostasis
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of anions within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular chemical homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any biological process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of a chemical at the level of the cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monovalent inorganic anion homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of monovalent inorganic anions within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fruiting body development in response to starvation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruiting body over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The process begins with a response to a lack of nutrients and ends when the fruiting body is a mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmembrane transport
+
+
+ goslim_pombe
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a solute is transported from one side of a membrane to the other. This process includes the actual movement of the solute, and any regulation and preparatory steps, such as reduction of the solute.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolism
+ goslim_pombe
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ski complex
+
+ A protein complex that regulates RNA degradation by the exosome complex. In Saccharomyces the complex has a heterotetrameric stoichiometry consisting of one copy each of Ski2p and Ski3 and two copies of Ski8p.
+ Wikipedia:Ski_complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipid homeostasis
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of lipid within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatty acid homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of fatty acid within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acylglycerol homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of acylglycerol within an organism or cell.
+ glyceride homeostasis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipid homeostasis
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of phospholipid within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterol homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of sterol within an organism or cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to hyperoxia
+
+
+ response to hyperoxic stress
+ response to increased oxygen tension
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating increased oxygen tension.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to lipoprotein stimulus
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipoprotein stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoprotein mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lipoprotein mediated signalling
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of lipoprotein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low density lipoprotein mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low density lipoprotein mediated signalling
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of low density lipoprotein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high density lipoprotein mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of high density lipoprotein.
+ high density lipoprotein mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to low density lipoprotein stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a low density lipoprotein stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to high density lipoprotein stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a high density lipoprotein stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi to secretory granule transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a secretory granule. The secretory granule is a membrane-bounded particle, usually protein, formed in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi to transport vesicle transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The directed movement of proteins from the Golgi to a transport vesicle. Continuously secreted proteins are sorted into transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing their contents by exocytosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ invagination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The infolding of the epithelial sheet into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ involution involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The inturning of an epithelial sheet over the basal surface of an outer layer involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ingression involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The migration of individual cells into the embryo involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ delamination involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The splitting or migration of one epithelial sheet into two involved in the process of deuterostomic gastrulation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epiboly involved in gastrulation with mouth forming second
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells involved in deuterostomic gastrulation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxidation reduction
+
+ Wikipedia:Redox
+ The process of removal or addition of one or more electrons with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ oxidoreductase process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diapause
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Diapause
+ A neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive diapause
+
+ A form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relaxation of cardiac muscle
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the extent of cardiac muscle contraction is reduced.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated muscle dense body
+
+ cellular_component
+ A vinculin-containing myofibril attachment structure of striated muscle that connects sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. In nematode body wall muscle, the dense body performs the dual role of Z-disk and costamere.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to high fluence blue light stimulus by blue high-fluence system
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the detection of a high fluence blue light stimulus by the blue high-fluence system. Blue light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of between 440 and 500nm. The blue high-fluence system responds to blue light at levels between 100 and 1000 micromols/m2.
+ response to high fluence blue light by bhf system
+ response to high fluence blue light
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to very low light intensity stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a very low light intensity stimulus. A very low light intensity stimulus is defined as a level of electromagnetic radiation below 0.001 mmol/m2/sec.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ digestive system development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ copper ion export
+
+
+ copper export
+ The directed movement of copper ions out of a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reflex
+
+ Wikipedia:Reflex
+ biological_process
+ An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibular reflex
+
+ A reflex process by which a response to an angular or linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the inner ear and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angular vestibuloocular reflex
+
+ biological_process
+ A vestibular reflex by which a response to an angular acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the semi-circular canal and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ linear vestibuloocular reflex
+
+ A vestibular reflex by which a response to a linear acceleration stimulus begins with an afferent nerve impulse from a receptor in the otolith and ends with the compensatory action of eye muscles. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sertoli cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a Sertoli cell. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sertoli cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a Sertoli cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a Sertoli cell fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sertoli cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the cellular identity of Sertoli cells is acquired and determined.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Sertoli cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of Sertoli cells, resulting in the expansion of the Sertoli cell population. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic transmission, glycinergic
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
+ glycinergic synaptic transmission
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ righting reflex
+
+ righting response
+ A reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulosa cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a granulosa cell, a supporting cell for the developing female gamete in the ovary of mammals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulosa cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell fate commitment of precursor cells that will become granulosa cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granulosa cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a granulosa cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a granulosa cell fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parathyroid gland development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the parathyroid gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The parathyroid gland is an organ specialised for secretion of parathyroid hormone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ astrocyte fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The commitment of a cells to a specific astrocyte fate and its restriction to develop only into an astrocyte.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial glial cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to radial glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the brain. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Bergmann glial cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ palate development
+
+ palatum development
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The palate is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hard palate development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hard palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The hard palate is the anterior portion of the palate consisting of bone and mucous membranes.
+ biological_process
+ palatum durum development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ soft palate development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ velum palatum development
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the soft palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. The soft palate is the posterior portion of the palate extending from the posterior edge of the hard palate.
+ palatum molle development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhythmic synaptic transmission
+
+ Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic activity, the controlled release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft and their subsequent detection by a postsynaptic cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ convergent extension
+
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Convergent_extension
+ The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ convergent extension involved in gastrulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis usually resulting in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ convergent extension involved in axis elongation
+
+ biological_process
+ The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contributing to the lengthening of the axis of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ convergent extension involved in organogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The morphogenetic process in which an epithelium narrows along one axis and lengthens in a perpendicular axis contribution to the shaping of an organ.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal convergence
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed migration of individual cells and small groups of cells toward the dorsal midline during gastrulation. This process does not require cell rearrangement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mediolateral intercalation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The interdigitation of cells along the mediolateral axis during gastrulation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ notochord regression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The developmental process by which the stucture of the notochord is destroyed in an embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anatomical structure regression
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The developmental process by which an anatomical stucture is destroyed as a part of its normal progression.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ notochord cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features cells that make up the notochord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a notochord cell fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ notochord cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a notochord cell over time, from its formation to its mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ notochord cell vacuolation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The assembly and arrangement of a vacuole within a cell of the notochord.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pharyngeal system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division.
+ biological_process
+ heart muscle cell proliferation
+ cardiomyocyte proliferation
+ cardiac myocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pericardium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal bipolar neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a bipolar cell, the last neuron to be generated in the retina.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retina development in camera-type eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GO:0002073
+ biological_process
+ retina development (sensu Mammalia)
+ retina development in camera-style eye
+ retinal development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retina morphogenesis in camera-style eye
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ retinogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
+ regulation of heart muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of heart muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
+ positive regulation of heart muscle cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of acrosome reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the acrosome reaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart beating
+ The multicellular organismal process by which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
+ cardiac contraction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart muscle contraction
+ biological_process
+ Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein amino acid glycosylation. Protein amino acid glycosylation is the addition of a sugar unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein amino acid glycosylation is the addition of a sugar unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein amino acid glycosylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the glycosylation of one or more amino acid residues within a protein. Protein amino acid glycosylation is the addition of a sugar unit to a protein amino acid, e.g. the addition of glycan chains to proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurofilament cytoskeleton organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising neurofilaments and their associated proteins.
+ neurofilament cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neurofilament cytoskeleton
+
+ Intermediate filament cytoskeletal structure that is made up of neurofilaments. Neurofilaments are specialized intermediate filaments found in neurons.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in wound healing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation, contributing to the restoration of integrity to a damaged tissue following an injury.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angiogenesis involved in wound healing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels and contribute to the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammary gland involution
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The tissue remodeling that removes differentiated mammary epithelia during weaning.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptosis involved in mammary gland involution
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The form of programmed cell death that triggers the activity of proteolytic caspases, whose actions dismantle the mammary epithelial cells resulting in their death.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of apoptosis involved in mammary gland involution
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the embryonic life stage . Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized in a camera-type eye during the post-embryonic life stage . Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Spemann organizer formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Spemann's organizer formation
+ Formation of the specialized region on the dorsalmost side of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.
+ biological_process
+ Spemann-Mangold organizer formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Spemann organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore
+
+ Occurs in amphibia, cephalochordates, cyclostomes and cartilaginous fish.
+ Formation of the specialized region at the dorsal lip of the blatopore of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the vertebrate body plan.
+ biological_process
+ Spemann's organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore
+ Spemann organizer formation (Sensu amphibia)
+ Spemann-Mangold organizer formation at the dorsal lip of the blastopore
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Spemann organizer formation at the embryonic shield
+
+ Occurs in Teleost fish.
+ Spemann's organizer formation at the embryonic shield
+ Formation of the specialized region of the embryonic shield of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the teleost body plan.
+ biological_process
+ Spemann-Mangold organizer formation at the embryonic shield
+ Spemann organizer formation (Sensu Teleost)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Spemann organizer formation at the anterior end of the primitive streak
+
+ Spemann's organizer formation at the anterior end of the primitive streak
+ Occurs in reptiles, birds and mammals.
+ Formation of the specialized region at the anterior end of the primitive streak of the embryo that acts as the main signaling center establishing the body plan.
+ Spemann organizer formation in amniotes
+ biological_process
+ Spemann-Mangold organizer formation at the anterior end of the primitive streak
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uterus development
+
+ Mullerian tract development
+ The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fallopian tube development
+
+ biological_process
+ The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fallopian tubes over time, from their formation to the mature structures.
+ Mullerian tract development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cervix development
+
+ biological_process
+ The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cervix over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ Mullerian tract development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vagina development
+
+ biological_process
+ The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wnt receptor signaling pathway, regulating spindle positioning
+
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with the positioning of the mitotic spindle.
+ non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway
+ Wnt receptor signalling pathway, regulating spindle positioning
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin
+
+ Wnt receptor signalling pathway through beta-catenin
+ frizzled-1 receptor signaling pathway
+ canonical Wnt signaling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wnt-JNK signaling pathway
+ Wnt receptor signalling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.
+ biological_process
+ Wnt-PCP signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ micturition
+
+
+ The regulation of body fluids process by which parasympathetic nerves stimulate the bladder wall muscle to contract and expel urine from the body.
+ biological_process
+ urination
+ Wikipedia:Urination
+ urine voiding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synapse maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic maturation
+ The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of resting membrane potential
+
+ Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a resting potential, the electrical charge across the plasma membrane, with the interior of the cell negative with respect to the exterior. The resting potential is the membrane potential of a cell that is not stimulated to be depolarized or hyperpolarized.
+ regulation of resting potential
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ excitatory synapse
+
+ cellular_component
+ Wikipedia:Excitatory_synapse
+ A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibitory synapse
+
+ A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell reduces the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell.
+ Wikipedia:Inhibitory_postsynaptic_potential
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the postsynaptic membrane potential, which is generated by changes in the membrane potential of the post synaptic neuron that receives information at a synapse. The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft which bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. After being bound by the neurotransmitters, these receptors can open or close an ion channel, allowing ions to enter or leave the cell and therefore altering the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential
+
+
+ EPSP
+ Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporay increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) which is a temporay decrease in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of negatively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an IPSP is an inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) and makes it more difficult for the neuron to fire an action potential.
+ biological_process
+ IPSP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane hyperpolarization
+
+ The process in which membrane potential changes in the hyperpolarizing direction from the resting potential, usually from negative to more negative.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eye blink reflex
+
+ nictitating membrane reflex
+ The reflex process by which a mechanical stimulus applied to the eye elicits a response of the eyelid closing.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction involved in micturition
+ The process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in the urinary bladder smooth muscle tissue involved in the expulsion urine from the body.
+ biological_process
+ smooth muscle contraction involved in urination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic transmission involved in micturition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of communication from a neuron to a smooth muscle in the bladder that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.
+ synaptic transmission involved in urination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle relaxation of the bladder outlet
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction in the bladder outlet that contributes to the expulsion of urine from the body.
+ synaptic transmission involved in urination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circadian temperature homeostasis
+
+
+ biological_process
+ circadian regulation of body temperature
+ Any homeostatic process by which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
+ circadian thermoregulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ vascular smooth muscle relaxation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory hair cells.
+ biological_process
+ auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization and biogenesis
+ stereocilium organisation and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinocilium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Kinocilium
+ An immotile primary cilium that is found at the apical surface of auditory receptor cells. The kinocilium is surrounded by actin-based stereocilia.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops or decreases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
+ negative regulation of glycinergic synaptic transmission
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
+ positive regulation of glycinergic synaptic transmission
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zinc potentiation of synaptic transmission, glycinergic
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycinergic synaptic transmission in the presence of zinc. Glycinergic synaptic transmission is the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glycine.
+ zinc potentiation of glycinergic synaptic transmission
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serotonin secretion, neurotransmission
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of serotonin by a cell or group of cells, in which released serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoskeletal rearrangement involved in phagocytosis, engulfment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The assembly and arrangement of cytoskeletal structures that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane reorganization involved in phagocytosis, engulfment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The assembly and arrangement of the plasma membrane that is involved in the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
+
+ cellular_component
+ A collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer. The cuticle serves essential functions in body morphology, locomotion, and environmental protection.
+ collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix (sensu Nematoda)
+ collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix part
+
+ cellular_component
+ Any constituent part of the collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix, a collagen and cuticulin-based noncellular, multilayered structure that is synthesized by an underlying ectodermal (hypodermal) cell layer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ surface coat of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ surface coat of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix (sensu Nematoda)
+ surface coat of collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix
+ An electron dense, amorphous envelope that comprises the outermost layer of the cuticle. The surface coat is loosely apposed to the epicuticle, has distinct biochemical properties, is synthesized by cells other than the underlying hypodermis, and is labile. In addition to serving as a lubricant to protect against abrasion and dehydration, the surface coat may also play important roles in infection and immune evasion.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epicuticle of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epicuticle of collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix
+ epicuticle of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix (sensu Nematoda)
+ cellular_component
+ A lipid-containing layer of cuticle that lies between the cortical layer and the surface coat.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical layer of collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix
+ cellular_component
+ cortical layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix (sensu Nematoda)
+ The cuticle layer that lies directly beneath the lipid-containing epicuticle. The cortical layer contains collagens and insoluble, non-collagenous cuticulins and is characterized by a distinct annular pattern consisting of regularly spaced annular ridges delineated by annular furrows.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ annuli extracellular matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ annular rings
+ The extracellular matrix that is a regularly spaced circumferential ridge present in the cortical region of the cuticle. Annuli are delineated by annular furrows and are present throughout the cuticle with the exception of lateral regions where longitudinal alae are present.
+ annule(s)
+ cellular_component
+ annulus
+ annulae
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ annular furrow extracellular matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The extracellular matrix part that is a regularly spaced indentation in the outer cortical layer of the cuticle. The pattern of annular furrows corresponds to sites of invaginations in hypodermal cell membranes that, in turn, correspond to submembranous regions where actin microfilament bundles assemble early in lethargus, the first phase of the molting cycle in which activity and feeding decline.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medial layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The fluid-filled cuticle layer that lies between the cortical and basal layers and is characterized by the presence of regularly spaced columnar struts that lie on either side of the annular furrows and link the two surrounding layers. In C. elegans, a defined medial layer is found only in adult animals.
+ medial layer struts
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basal layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basal layer of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix (sensu Nematoda)
+ basal layer of collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix
+ cellular_component
+ The layer of cuticle most closely apposed to the hypodermal cells. The morphology of the basal layer varies with life stage. In adult C. elegans animals, the basal layers is comprised of three sublayers: two fibrous layers whose fibers run in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions meeting one another at a 60 degree angle, and an amorphous basal layer that lies underneath the fibrous layers and directly contacts the hypodermis. In C. elegans dauer and L1 larval stage animals, the basal layer is characterized by a striated pattern that appears to derive from interwoven laminae.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alae of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alae of collagen and cuticulin-based exoskeleton extracellular matrix
+ Raised, thickened cuticular ridges that run longitudinally, and in parallel, along the left and right sides of the animal. The alae lie above the hypodermal cells known as the lateral seam cells. In C. elegans, alae are produced in L1 larvae, dauer larvae and adult stage animals, where they consist of three, five, and three ridges of distinct morphology, respectively.
+ alae of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix (sensu Nematoda)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ generation of ovulation cycle rhythm
+
+ generation of oestrus cycle rhythm
+ generation of estrus cycle rhythm
+ generation of menstrual cycle rhythm
+ The process which controls the timing of the type of sexual cycle seen in female mammals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner ear receptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of inner ear receptor cells. Inner ear receptor cells are mechanorecptors found in the inner ear responsible for transducing signals involved in balance and sensory perception of sound.
+ inner ear hair cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibular receptor cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ vestibular hair cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vestibular hair cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibular receptor cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibular hair cell fate commitment
+ The process by which a cell becomes committed to become a vestibular receptor cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibular receptor cell morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that alters the size or shape of a vestibular receptor cell.
+ biological_process
+ vestibular hair cell morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auditory receptor cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an auditory receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
+ auditory hair cell development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibular receptor cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibular hair cell development
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a vestibular receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner ear receptor cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an inner ear receptor cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
+ inner ear hair cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner ear receptor cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a cell becomes committed to become an inner ear receptor cell.
+ biological_process
+ inner ear hair cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestibular receptor cell stereocilium organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ vestibular receptor cell stereocilium organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of vestibular hair cells.
+ vestibular hair cell stereocilium organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner ear receptor stereocilium organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inner ear receptor stereocilium organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a stereocilium. A stereocilium is an actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of inner ear receptor cells.
+ inner ear hair cell receptor stereocilium organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of growth hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of growth hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of growth hormone secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases or stops the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of growth hormone from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatotropin secreting cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatotrope differentiation
+ somatotrophin secreting cell differentiation
+ somatrophic cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.
+ biological_process
+ somatotropic cell differentiation
+ growth hormone secreting cell differentiation
+ somatotroph differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prolactin secreting cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lactotropic cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a prolactin secreting cell. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.
+ mammotroph differentiation
+ mammotropic cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ epsilon-acidophil differentiation
+ mammotrope differentiation
+ lactotrope differentiation
+ lactotroph differentiation
+ mammotrophic cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adrenocorticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adrenocorticotrophic hormone secreting cell differentiation
+ corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation
+ corticotrope differentiation
+ biological_process
+ adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell differentiation
+ corticotroph differentiation
+ corticotrophin hormone secreting cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell. An adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces adrenocorticotropic hormone, or corticotropin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyrotroph differentiation
+ thyrotrope differentiation
+ biological_process
+ beta-basophil differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a adrenocorticotropi hormone secreting cell. A thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyrotrope development
+ thyrotroph development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A thyroid stimulating hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.
+ beta-basophil development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adrenocorticotropin hormone secreting cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces adrenocorticotropic hormone, or corticotropin.
+ adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cell development
+ corticotrophin hormone secreting cell development
+ adrenocorticotrophic hormone secreting cell development
+ corticotroph development
+ corticotropin hormone secreting cell development
+ corticotrope development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prolactin secreting cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammotroph development
+ mammotrophic cell development
+ lactotrope development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a prolactin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin.
+ mammotrope development
+ epsilon-acidophil development
+ mammotropic cell development
+ lactotroph development
+ biological_process
+ lactotropic cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatotropin secreting cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth hormone secreting cell development
+ somatotroph development
+ biological_process
+ somatotrophin secreting cell development
+ somatotrope development
+ somatotropic cell development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a somatotropin secreting cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin.
+ somatrophic cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prepulse inhibition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PPI
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Prepulse_inhibition
+ pre-pulse inhibition
+ The process by which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maternal process involved in pregnancy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A reproductive process occurring in the mother that allows an embryo or fetus to develop within it.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic process involved in female pregnancy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A reproductive process occurring in the embryo or fetus that allows the embryo or fetus to develop within the mother.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maternal process involved in parturition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A reproductive process occurring in the mother that results in birth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fetal process involved in parturition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A reproductive process occurring in the embryo that results in birth.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of apoptosis by virus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any viral process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion of virally targeted cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The formation in a cell that has been targeted by a virus of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of syncytium formation by virus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process in which a virus increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cellular processes involved in virus induced gene silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The set of cellular processes occurring in the host cell that contribute to the process of posttranscriptional gene inactivation ('silencing') both of viral gene(s), and host gene(s) homologous to the viral genes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The posttranscriptional gene silencing of viral genes after viral infection.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host gene silencing in virus induced gene silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The posttranscriptional gene silencing of host genes that are homologous to viral genes after viral infection.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of posttranscriptional gene silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viral triggering of virus induced gene silencing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inactivation of gene expression of both viral genes and host homologues to those genes by a posttranscriptional mechanism in a virally infected cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peroxisome localization
+
+ Any process by which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ microtubule-based peroxisome localization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The microtubule-based process by which a peroxisome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location. A peroxisome is a small membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by virus of host cell cycle
+
+
+ regulation by virus of host cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ viral process regulating host cell cycle
+ Any viral process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
+ regulation of host cell cycle by virus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular process regulating host cell cycle in response to virus
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any cellular process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle in response to a virus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet dense granule organization
+
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a platelet dense granule. A platelet dense granule is an electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. They contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, histamine, calcium, magnesium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.
+ biological_process
+ platelet dense granule organization and biogenesis
+ platelet dense body organization and biogenesis
+ bull's eye body organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ milk ejection
+
+ biological_process
+ An automatic response to suckling, beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor in the mammary gland and ending with the ejection of milk from the gland. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ urinary bladder development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the urinary bladder over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The urinary bladder is an elastic, muscular sac situated in the anterior part of the pelvic cavity in which urine collects before excretion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of phospholipase C activity by dopamine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to its physiological ligand, followed by the activation of phospholipase C and the subsequent release of inositol trisphosphate.
+ activation of phospholipase C activity by dopamine receptor signalling pathway
+ dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a dopamine receptor signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ regulation of dopamine receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of dopamine receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of dopamine receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dopamine receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A dopamine receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway.
+ negative regulation of dopamine receptor, phospholipase C activating pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subpallium neuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ subpallium neuronal precursor fate commitment
+ The process whereby in the subpallium, the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of timing of neuron differentiation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires features of a neuron.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of timing of subpallium neuron differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process controlling the timing and/or rate at which a relatively unspecialized cell in the subpallium acquires features of a neuron. The subpallium is the base region of the telencephalon.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ olfactory pit development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the olfactory pit from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the olfactory pit, which is an indentation of the olfactory placode, and ends when the pits hollows out to form the nasopharynx.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ regulation of adenosine receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of adenosine receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adenosine receptor signalling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the adenosine receptor signaling pathway. The adenosine receptor pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adenosine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cilium membrane
+
+
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cilium.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stereocilium membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a stereocilium.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle astral microtubule depolymerization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an astral microtubule. An astral microtubule is any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ limb development
+
+ Wikipedia:Limb_development
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. For example a leg, arm or some types of fin.
+ limb bud development
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ limb bud formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field ends when a limb bud is recognizable.
+ limb formation
+ limbbud formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of aggregation involved in sorocarp development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aggregation during sorocarp development. Aggregation involved in sorocarp development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the aggregate over time, from its formation to the point when a slug is formed. Aggregate development begins in response to starvation and continues by the chemoattractant-mediated movement of cells toward each other. The aggregate is a multicellular structure that gives rise to the slug.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of angiotensin metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of angiotensin metabolism
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving angiotensin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of exocyst localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the localization of exocysts. An exocyst is a protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where secretory vesicles dock and fuse.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male mating behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The specific actions or reactions of a male organism that are associated with reproduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female mating behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The specific actions or reactions of a female organism that are associated with reproduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apelin receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an apelin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ apelin receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell cycle switching
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cell switches cell cycle mode.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer ear unfolding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The opening and spreading out of the outer ear.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ outer ear emergence
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ ear extroversion
+ outer ear growth
+ The growth of the outer ear.
+ ear elevation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell pole
+
+ cellular_component
+ Either of two different areas at opposite ends of an axis of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein desumoylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process by which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of protein desumoylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process by which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein desumoylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein desumoylation. Protein desumoylation is the process by which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lipase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lipase activity
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipase activity, the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of antisense RNA transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antisense RNA transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of antisense RNA transcription
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the synthesis of antisense RNA, an RNA molecule complementary in sequence to another RNA or DNA molecule, which, by binding the latter, acts to inhibit its function and/or completion of synthesis, on a template of DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cloacal septation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The separation of the single opening of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts, the cloaca, into multiple isolated openings during development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin sculpted vesicle
+
+ cellular_component
+ A clathrin sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin sculpted glutamate transport vesicle
+
+
+ A clathrin sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing glutamate.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A clathrin sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing acetylcholine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin sculpted acetylcholine transport vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin sculpted glutamate transport vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin sculpted glutamate transport vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin sculpted glutamate transport vesicle lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin sculpted glutamate transport vesicle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic membrane-enclosed vesicle lumen
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of a cytoplasmic membrane-bounded vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ estrous cycle phase
+
+ biological_process
+ The progression of physiological phases, occurring in the endometrium during the estrous cycle that recur at regular intervals during the reproductive years. The estrous cycle is an ovulation cycle where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diestrus
+
+ biological_process
+ The estrous cycle phase which is a period of sexual quiescence and represents the phase of the mature corpus luteum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proestrus
+
+ biological_process
+ The estrous cycle phase in which there is heightened follicular activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ estrus
+
+ Wikipedia:Estrous_cycle
+ biological_process
+ oestrus
+ The estrous cycle phase in which a female is sexually receptive.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metestrus
+
+ The estrous cycle phase in which there is subsiding follicular function.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
+ regulation of nuclear mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
+ regulation of 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation
+ biological_process
+ regulation of mRNA deadenylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mRNA deadenylation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of nuclear mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
+ negative regulation of 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mRNA deadenylation
+ positive regulation of 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of poly(A) tail shortening of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA. Poly(A) tail shortening is the decrease in length of the poly(A) tail of an mRNA from full length to an oligo(A) length.
+ positive regulation of nuclear mRNA poly(A) tail shortening
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endocardium formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Formation of the inner endothelial cell layer of the heart, which connects the heart to the vascular system.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primitive hemopoiesis
+
+ primitive haemopoiesis
+ biological_process
+ primitive hematopoiesis
+ primitive haematopoiesis
+ A first transient wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, gives rise to erythrocytes (red blood cells) and myeloid cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ definitive hemopoiesis
+
+ biological_process
+ A second wave of blood cell production that, in vertebrates, generates long-term hemopoietic stem cells that continously provide erythroid, myeloid and lymphoid lineages throughout adulthood.
+ definitive haematopoiesis
+ definitive haemopoiesis
+ definitive hematopoiesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemangioblast cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the characteristics of a mature hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts are the proposed common precursor of blood and endothelial lineages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemopoietic stem cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hemopoietic stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
+ haematopoietic stem cell differentiation
+ haemopoietic stem cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ camera-type eye photoreceptor cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a photoreceptor cell in a camera-type eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal rod cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a retinal rod cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the process whereby a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinal rod cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of retinal rod cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal rod cell. A retinal rod cell is one of the two photoreceptor subtypes in a camera-type eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of retinal cone cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the process whereby a cell becomes committed to a retinal cone cell fate. Retinal cone cell fate commitment is the process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a retinal cone cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Notch signaling pathway involved in camera-type eye photoreceptor fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Notch signalling pathway involved in camera-type eye photoreceptor fate commitment
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell that contributes to the commitment of a precursor cell to a eye photoreceptor fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal to epithelial transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal-epithelial transition
+ biological_process
+ A transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ delamination
+
+ The negative regulation of cell adhesion process by which a cell or sheet of cells splits off of an existing epithelial sheet.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oenocyte delamination
+
+ biological_process
+ The negative regulation of cell adhesion process by which an oenocyte splits off of an existing epithelial sheet.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroblast delamination
+
+ The negative regulation of cell adhesion process by which a neuroblast slits off of a neurectodermal sheet.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens induction in camera-type eye
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Signaling at short range between the head ectoderm and the optic vesicle that results in the head ectoderm forming a lens.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitotic spindle organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the microtubule spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the fungal-type cell wall.
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall organization and biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular signals that bring about the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to a cue, such as starvation or pheromone exposure, in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular signals that bring about the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to a cue, such as starvation or pheromone exposure, in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of signal transduction during conjugation with cellular fusion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular signals that bring about the relay, amplification or dampening of a signal generated in response to a cue, such as starvation or pheromone exposure, in organisms that undergo conjugation with cellular fusion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contact inhibition
+
+ The cellular process by which cells stop growing or dividing in response to increased cell density.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Contact_inhibition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell growth involved in contact inhibition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The negative regulation of cell growth in response to increased cell density.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell proliferation involved in contact inhibition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation in response to cell density.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of cell density
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received and converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of cell density by contact stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received by direct cell-cell contact and is converted into a molecular signal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of cell density by secreted molecule
+
+ The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received by the detection of a secreted molecule and is converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of cell density by contact stimulus involved in contact inhibition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of events in which information about the density of cells in a population is received by direct cell-cell contact and is converted into a molecular signal, resulting in the cessation of cell growth or proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anatomical structure homeostasis
+
+ biological_process
+ anatomical structure maintenance
+ A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within a defined anatomical structure of an organism, including control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ-line stem-cell niche maintenance
+
+ A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium within the germ-line stem-cell niche. This includes control of cellular proliferation and death and control of metabolic function that allows the niche to continue to function. A gem-line stem-cell niche is an anatomical structure that regulates how germ-line stem-cells are used and saves them from depletion.
+ maintenance of germ line stem cell niche
+ maintenance of germ-line stem-cell niche
+ maintenance of germ-line stem cell niche
+ biological_process
+ maintenance of germ line stem-cell niche
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glial cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of N-terminal protein palmitoylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of the covalent or non-covalent attachment of a palmitoyl moiety to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of flocculation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of flocculation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the non-sexual aggregation of single-celled organisms.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of filamentous growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the process by which a multicellular organism or a group of unicellular organisms grow in a threadlike, filamentous shape.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of feeding behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food.
+ regulation of feeding behaviour
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a process involved in starting transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of N-terminal protein palmitoylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of the covalent or non-covalent attachment of a palmitoyl moiety to the N-terminal amino acid residue of a protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of respiratory burst
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of respiratory burst during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of respiratory burst during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of respiratory burst during acute inflammatory response
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of respiratory burst
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of respiratory burst
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centripetally migrating follicle cell migration
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell migration process in which a follicle cell migrates as part of an epithelial sheet between the nurse cells and the oocyte. At the end of migration, they cover the anterior of the oocyte.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ main body follicle cell migration
+
+ The ovarian follicle cell migration process in which follicle cells migrate posteeriorly to form a columnar epithelium over the oocyte.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cilium morphogenesis
+
+ cilium organization
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level and by which the structure of a cilium is organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ embryonic skeletal joint morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of skeletal joints are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. A joint is the connecting structure between the bones of the skeleton. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ crying behavior
+
+ biological_process
+ The behavior in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of stationary phase
+
+ The homeostatic process by which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction. Stationary phase can be in response to limited nutrientsor a build-up of toxic substances in the environment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of stationary phase in response to starvation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The homeostatic process by which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to limited nutrients in the environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of stationary phase in response to toxin
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The homeostatic process by which a population of cells changes its metabolic activity resulting in the rate of death in the population equaling the rate of reproduction in response to a build-up of toxins in the environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription during G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stop, prevents or decreases transcription during the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
+ negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter during G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ovulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ovulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ovulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ovulation, the release of a mature ovum/oocyte from an ovary.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of oocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of oocyte development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate or extent of the process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ciliary cell motility
+
+ biological_process
+ Cell motility due to the motion of one or more cilia.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flagellar cell motility
+
+ biological_process
+ Cell motility due to the motion of one or more flagellum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cilium motion involved in determination of left/right asymmetry
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cilium movement involved in determinationof L/R asymmetry
+ biological_process
+ The movement of cilia of epithelial cells reasulting in the transport of signals which determine asymmetry in an organism's body plan with respect to the left and right halves.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of a compartment boundary
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Formation of a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier.
+ compartment boundary formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compartment boundary maintenance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a compartment boundary. A compartment boundary is a lineage restriction boundary within a developing tissue which does not correspond to some morphological barrier.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transdifferentiation
+
+ The conversion of a differentiated cell of one fate into a differentiated cell of another fate without first undergoing cell division or reversion to a more primitive or stem cell-like fate.
+ biological_process
+ Wikipedia:Transdifferentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long-term synaptic potentiation
+
+
+ A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.
+ LTP
+ biological_process
+ long-term potentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ long term synaptic depression
+
+
+ long term depression
+ biological_process
+ LTD
+ A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the decrease in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ plasm
+
+ Wikipedia:Germ_plasm
+ cellular_component
+ Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole of an oocyte, egg or early embryo that will be inherited by the cells that will give rise to the germ line.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cilium movement involved in ciliary motility
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Movement of cilia mediated by motor proteins that contributes to the movement of a cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of cilium movement involved in ciliary motility.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cilium beat frequency involved in ciliary motility
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency of cilium beating involved in ciliary motility.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sarcomere organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sarcomere organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sarcomere organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent myofibril assembly by organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokine activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytokine activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokine activity
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the activity of a molecule that controls the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleosome density
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the number of nucleosomes in a given region of a chromosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of phosphoinosotide dephosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reaction involving the removal of one or more phosphate groups from a phosphoinositide, a class of substances comprising phosphatidylinositol and its derivatives.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell diameter
+
+ Any process that modulates the diameter of a cell, the length of a line segment that crosses through the center of a circular section through a cell.
+ regulation of cell width
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of membrane repolarization
+
+ Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential, usually from positive to negative.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane repolarization
+
+
+ ventricular repolarization
+ Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.
+ regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle repolarization
+ biological_process
+ regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell repolarization
+ electrocardiogram T wave
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elastin catabolic process
+
+
+ elastin catabolism
+ elastin breakdown
+ elastin degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin. Elastin is a glycoprotein which is randomly coiled and crosslinked to form elastic fibers that are found in connective tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of elastin catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of elastin catabolism
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of elastin catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of elastin breakdown
+ regulation of elastin degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of elastin catabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of elastin catabolism
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of elastin catabolism, the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of elastin.
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of elastin catabolic process
+ negative regulation of elastin breakdown
+ negative regulation of elastin degradation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of blood vessel remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of blood vessel remodeling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of blood vessel remodeling
+ down-regulation of blood vessel remodeling
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A transition where a cardiac endothelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
+ heart epithelial to mesenchymal transition
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ definitive erythrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of definitive hemopoiesis.
+ definitive erythropoiesis
+ biological_process
+ definitive RBC differentiation
+ definitive red blood cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primitive erythrocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primitive red blood cell differentiation
+ primitive erythropoiesis
+ Erythrocyte differentiation which occurs as part of the process of primitive hemopoiesis.
+ biological_process
+ primitive RBC differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rejection of self pollen
+
+ The process, involving the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes, involved in the rejection of the self pollen by cells in the stigma.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acceptance of pollen
+
+ biological_process
+ acceptance of self pollen
+ acceptance of non-self pollen
+ The process, involving the sharing and interaction of the single locus incompatibility haplotypes, involved in the acceptance of pollen by cells in the stigma.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ head development
+
+ biological_process
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a head from an initial condition to its mature state. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ head morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the head are generated and organized. The head is the anterior-most division of the body.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ face development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a face from an initial condition to its mature state. The face is the ventral division of the head.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ face morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell chemotaxis
+
+
+ The directed movement of a motile cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in cell motility
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell from one place to another.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in forward cell motility
+
+ The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the front of the cell.
+ cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in forward cell locomotion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in rearward cell motility
+
+ biological_process
+ The actin filament-based movement by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in a contraction that propels the cell in the direction that has been defined as the rear of the cell.
+ cytoplasmic actin-based contraction involved in rearward cell locomotion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of response to interferon-gamma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of response to type II IFN
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a response to interferon-gamma. Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.
+ regulation of response to immune interferon
+ biological_process
+ regulation of response to gamma-interferon
+ regulation of response to type II interferon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of response to interferon-gamma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to interferon-gamma. Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of response to gamma-interferon
+ negative regulation of response to type II interferon
+ negative regulation of response to type II IFN
+ negative regulation of response to immune interferon
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of response to interferon-gamma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of response to type II interferon
+ positive regulation of response to type II IFN
+ positive regulation of response to gamma-interferon
+ positive regulation of response to immune interferon
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a response to interferon-gamma. Response to interferon gamma is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ A series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ type II IFN-mediated signaling pathway
+ type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+ interferon-gamma-mediated signalling pathway
+ immune interferon signaling pathway
+ gamma-interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ regulation of type II IFN-mediated signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ regulation of immune interferon signaling pathway
+ regulation of gamma-interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+ regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of type II IFN-mediated pathway
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ positive regulation of immune interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of gamma-interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of gamma-interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of immune interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of type II IFN-mediated signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families.
+ type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ regulation of type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process by which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoreceptor inner segment membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The membrane surrounding the outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor. The photoreceptor inner segment contains mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trabecula formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of creating a trabecula in an organ. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.
+ trabecula biogenesis
+ trabeculation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ liver trabecula formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of creating a trabecula in the liver. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
+ liver trabecula biogenesis
+ liver trabeculation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spleen trabecula formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spleen trabecula biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ spleen trabeculation
+ The process of creating a trabecula in the spleen. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bone trabecula formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal trabeculation
+ skeletal trabecula formation
+ biological_process
+ bone trabecula biogenesis
+ The process of creating a trabecula in the bone. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
+ bone trabeculation
+ skeletal trabecula biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart trabecula formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart trabeculation
+ cardiac trabecula formation
+ The process of creating a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod.
+ heart trabecula biogenesis
+ biological_process
+ cardiac trabeculation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bone development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bone morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which bones are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endochondral bone morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which bones are generated and organized as a result of the conversion of initial cartilaginous anlage into bone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage that will provide a scaffold for mineralization of endochondral bones.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell adhesion molecule production
+
+ biological_process
+ The appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell adhesion molecule production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of cell adhesion molecule production. Cell adhesion molecule production is the appearance of a cell adhesion molecule as a result of its biosynthesis or a decrease in its catabolism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leucine import
+
+ L-leucine uptake
+ biological_process
+ L-leucine import
+ The directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.
+ leucine uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of leucine import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of leucine uptake
+ regulation of L-leucine uptake
+ biological_process
+ regulation of L-leucine import
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of leucine import
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to ammonium ion
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of leucine import in response to ammonium ion
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of leucine import as a result of an ammonium ion stimulus. Leucine import is the directed movement of leucine into a cell or organelle.
+ negative regulation of leucine uptake in response to ammonium ion
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flight
+
+ biological_process
+ Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flight involved in flight behavior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air that is part of the organism's response to external or internal stimuli resulting in flight.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cranial suture morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the cranial suture is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ frontal suture morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the frontal suture is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coronal suture morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the coronal suture is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lambdoid suture morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the lambdoid suture is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sagittal suture morphogenesis
+
+ The process by which the sagittal suture is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway. The Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway is a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway. The Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway is a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a the binding of the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin by an Fc receptor capable of activating or perpetuating an immune response. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ susceptibility to T cell mediated cytotoxicity
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of causing a cell to become susceptible to T cell mediated cytotoxicity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of atrial cardiomyocyte membrane depolarization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrial depolarization
+ electrocardiogram PR interval
+ regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell depolarization
+ Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of atrial cardiomyocyte membrane repolarization
+
+
+ regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell repolarization
+ atrial repolarization
+ Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in an atrial cardiomyocyte.
+ electrocardiogram QRS complex
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ventricular cardiomyocyte membrane depolarization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarization
+ biological_process
+ ventricular depolarization
+ electrocardiogram QRS complex
+ Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the depolarizing direction away from the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mast cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mast cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mast cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mast cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of mast cell differentiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a mast cell. A mast cell is a cell that is found in almost all tissues containing numerous basophilic granules and capable of releasing large amounts of histamine and heparin upon activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of brood size
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the extent of brood size. Brood size is the number of progeny that survive embryogenesis and are cared for at one time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cardiac myoblast differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a stem cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into cardiac muscle cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding to single-stranded telomeric DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of single-stranded telomeric DNA binding.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of DNA strand elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process by which a DNA strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing DNA stand.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of DNA strand elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of DNA strand elongation. DNA strand elongation is the DNA metabolic process by which a DNA strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing DNA stand.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ innervation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a nerve invades a tissue and makes functional synaptic connection within the tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axonogenesis involved in innervation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The neurite development process that generates a long process of a neuron, as it invades a target tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptogenesis involved in innervation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The biosynthesis of a synapse within a target tissue in which a nerve is invading.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fertilization envelope
+
+ A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg. The fertilization envelope forms from the vitelline membrane after fertilization as a result of cortical granule release.
+ cellular_component
+ fertilization membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitelline envelope
+
+ cellular_component
+ fertilization membrane
+ A glycoprotein-based structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the egg before fertilization.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of SMAD protein nuclear translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein nuclear translocation. SMAD protein nuclear translocation is the vectorial transfer of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of SMAD protein nuclear translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein nuclear translocation. SMAD protein nuclear translocation is the vectorial transfer of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of SMAD protein nuclear translocation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein nuclear translocation. SMAD protein nuclear translocation is the vectorial transfer of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein nuclear translocation. SMAD protein nuclear translocation is the vectorial transfer of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, through the nuclear pore. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SMAD protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ GH receptor signaling pathway
+ growth hormone receptor signalling pathway
+ cellular response to growth hormone
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signalling pathway
+ The process by which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
+ regulation of growth hormone receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
+ positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand.
+ negative regulation of growth hormone receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytosolic calcium ion transport
+
+ The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the cytosol.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium ion transport into cytosol
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ post-mating oviposition
+
+
+ The deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium, following mating.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axonemal microtubule depolymerization
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of tubulin heterodimers from one or both ends of an axonemal microtubule. An axonemal microtubule is a microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of penile erection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of penile erection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of penile erection
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of penile erection. Penile erection is the hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of acetylcholine metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving acetylcholine, the acetic acid ester of the organic base choline. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter and neuromodulator both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It also acts as a paracrine signal in various non-neural tissues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart septum morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The developmental process by which a heart septum is generated and organized. A heart septum is an anatomical structure that separates parts of the heart.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventricular septum morphogenesis
+
+ The developmental process by which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another.
+ interventricular septum morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrial septum morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ interatrial septum morphogenesis
+ The developmental process by which atrial septum is generated and organized. The atrial septum separates the upper chambers (the atria) of the heart from one another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aorta smooth muscle tissue morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the structure of the smooth muscle tissue surrounding the aorta is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. The aorta originates in the left ventricle of the heart and transports oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle tissue morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of muscle tissue are generated and organized. Muscle tissue consists of a set of cells that are part of an organ and carry out a contractive function. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to growth hormone stimulus
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth hormone stimulus. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that binds to the growth hormone receptor and stimulates growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ yolk
+
+ The cytoplasmic part that serves as a nutrient reserve or energy source for the developing embryo.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ yolk plasma
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Discrete structures that partition the water-soluble portion of the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The increase in size or mass of the heart.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heart growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heart growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate or extent of heart growth. Heart growth is the increase in size or mass of the heart.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ foregut regionalization
+
+ The pattern specification process by which an axis or axes is subdivided in space along the foregut to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung field specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lung specification
+ The process by which a specific region of the foregut is delineated into the area in which the lung will develop.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the lung are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung vasculature development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung vasculature from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lung vasculature and ends with the mature structure. The lung vasculature is composed of the tubule structures that carry blood or lymph in the lungs.
+ pulmonary vasculature development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung connective tissue development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pulmonary connective tissue development
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung connective tissue from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung connective tissue and ends with the mature structure. The lung connective tissue is a material made up of fibers forming a framework and support structure for the lungs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung epithelium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pulmonary epithelium development
+ biological_process
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lung epithelium is the specialized epithelium that lines the inside of the lung.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelium development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung saccule development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung saccule from an initial condition to its mature state. The lung saccule is the primitive gas exchange portion of the lung composed of type I and type II cells.
+ biological_process
+ lung saccular development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary lung bud formation
+
+
+
+ The morphogenetic process whereby the foregut region specified to become the lung forms the initial left and right buds.
+ lung formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung pattern specification process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the lung, to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bronchus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bronchus morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the bronchus is generated and organized. The bronchus is the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bronchiole development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a bronchiole from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the bronchiole and ends with the mature structure. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bronchiole morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a bronchiole is generated and organized. A bronchiole is the first airway branch that no longer contains cartilage; it is a branch of the bronchi.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The increase in size or mass of a lung. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trachea development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a trachea over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trachea morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trachea formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branching involved in lung morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung branching morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostate branching
+ prostate gland branching morphogenesis
+ The process by which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammary gland morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which anatomical structures of the mammary gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis refers to the creation of shape. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
+ mammary gland branching morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branching involved in open tracheal system development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of branches in the open tracheal system are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bud outgrowth involved in lung branching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a region of the lung epithelium initiates an outgrowth.
+ biological_process
+ bud formation involved in lung branching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bud bifurcation involved in lung branching
+ The process whereby a lung bud bifurcates.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bud elongation involved in lung branching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hindgut contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hindgut contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction of the hindgut, the posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the rectum, and the large intestine.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of gastric acid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of gastric acid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of gastric acid secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is the regulated release of gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) by parietal or oxyntic cells during digestion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of digestive system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of digestive system process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of a digestive system process, a physical, chemical, or biochemical process carried out by living organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ right lung development
+
+ right pulmonary development
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a right lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the right lung and ends with the mature structure. The right lung is the lung which is on the right side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ left lung development
+
+ left pulmonary development
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a left lung from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the left lung and ends with the mature structure. The left lung is the lung which is on the left side of the anterior posterior axis looking from a dorsal to ventral aspect.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ left lung morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which anatomical structures of the left lung are generated and organized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ right lung morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which anatomical structures of the right lung are generated and organized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung lobe development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung lobe from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of a lung lobe by branching morphogenesis and ends with the mature structure. A lung lobe is one of the rounded projections that compose the lung.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung lobe morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung lobe formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a lung lobe from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the lobe and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pharynx development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pharyngeal development
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pharynx from an initial condition to its mature state. The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of meiosis involved in egg activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ resumption of meiosis involved in egg activation
+ Any process that starts the inactive process of meiosis in an egg after the egg has been fertilized or physiologically activated. Eggs generally arrest in meiosis and complete the process after activation.
+ reactivation of meiosis after fertilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fertilization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prevention of polyspermy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fertilization involved in egg activation
+ polyspermy block
+ biological_process
+ The negative regulation of fertilization process that takes place as part of egg activation, ensuring that only a single sperm fertilizes the egg.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription involved in egg activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of the maternal genome
+ activation of the egg genome
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of transcription as a part of the process of egg activation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in egg activation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol after fertilization or the physiological activation of an egg.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical granule exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical granule release
+ biological_process
+ The process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules contained within a cortical granule by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell. A cortical granule is a specialized secretory vesicle that is released during egg activation that changes the surface of the egg to prevent polyspermy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cortical granule exocytosis by elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cortical granule exocytosis by directing movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into the cytosol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cortical granule
+
+ A secretory vesicle that is stored under the cell membrane of an egg. These vesicles fuse with the egg plasma membrane as part of egg activation and are part of the block to polyspermy.
+ cortical vesicle
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sperm motility involved in capacitation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the controlled movement of a sperm cell is initiated as part of the process required for sperm to reach fertilization competence.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of actin filament polymerization involved in acrosome reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of actin polymerization involved in acrosome reaction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization as part of the acrosome reaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization involved in acrosome reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The actin-based process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the sperm as part of the acrosome reaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine phosphorylation involved in acrosome reaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The posttranslational phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine that is part of the acrosome reaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acrosomal vesicle exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ acrosome exocytosis
+ The release of intracellular molecules contained within the acrosomal granule by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, requiring calcium ions.
+ acrosomal granule exocytosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pulmonary cell differentiation
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung goblet cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lung goblet cell. A goblet cell is a cell of the epithelial lining that produces and secretes mucins.
+ pulmonary goblet cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lobar bronchus epithelium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus epithelium from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus epithelium and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus epithelium is the tissue made up of epithelial cells that lines the inside of the lobar bronchus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lobar bronchus development
+
+ biological_process
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus is the major airway within the respiratory tree that starts by division of the principal bronchi on both sides and ends at the point of its own subdivision into tertiary or segmental bronchi.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lobar bronchus mesenchyme development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lobar bronchus mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the lobar bronchus mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. The lobar bronchus mesenchyme is the mass of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in the lobar bronchus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung-associated mesenchyme development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ pulmonary mesenchyme development
+ The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung.
+ lung mesenchyme development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchyme development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.
+ biological_process
+ mesenchymal development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Clara cell differentiation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Clara cell. A Clara cell is an unciliated epithelial cell found in the respiratory and terminal bronchioles.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell that contributes to the epithelium of the lung.
+ biological_process
+ pulmonary epithelial cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ orthogonal dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis
+
+ The process whereby a lung bud bifurcates perpendicular to the plane of the parental branch.
+ perpendicular dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ planar dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in lung branching morphogenesis
+
+ The process whereby a lung bud bifurcates parallel to the plane of its parent.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral sprouting involved in lung morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a branch forms along the side of the lung epithelial tube.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell projection assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell projection formation
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the foregut to change their fates and specify the development of the lung.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling involved in lung induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell and contributes to the formation of the lung bud.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inductive mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling
+
+ Any process that mediates the transfer of information from a mesenchymal cell to an endodermal cell changing the fate of the endodermal cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell signaling involved in lung development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another and contributes to the progression of the lung, from its initial state to the mature structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling involved in lung development
+
+
+ Any process that mediates the transfer of information between a mesenchymal cell and an endodermal cell and contributes to the development of the lung.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal-endodermal cell signaling
+
+ Any process that mediates the transfer of information between a mesenchymal cell and an endodermal cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway involved in lung bud formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a retinoic acid receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands contributing to the formation of the primary lung bud.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lung induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands resulting in the formation of the lung bud along the lateral-esophageal sulcus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in lung bud formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the branching morphogenesis by which the initial primordium of the lung is formed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the lung.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bud dilation involved in lung branching
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ bud expansion
+ The process whereby a bud in the lung increases radially.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung bud dilation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung bud increasing in size radially.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung bud dilation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells that contribute to the radial growth of a lung bud.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smoothened signaling pathway involved in lung development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of activation of the transmembrane Smoothened-type protein. This process contributes to lung development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in lung development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an epidermal growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. This process contributes to lung development.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung basal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pulmonary basal cell differentiation
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature basal cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. A basal cell is an epithelial stem cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Type I pneumocyte differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type I pneumocyte. A type I pneumocyte is a flattened cell with greatly attenuated cytoplasm and a paucity of organelles.
+ squamous alveolar cell differentiation
+ small alveolar cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+ membranous pneumocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Type II pneumocyte differentiation
+
+ great alveolar cell differentiation
+ large alveolar cell differentiation
+ granular pneumocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a Type II pneumocyte. A Type II pneumocyte is a surfactant secreting cell that contains abundant cytoplasm containing numerous lipid-rich multilamellar bodies.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ creation of an inductive signal by a mesenchymal cell involved in lung induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which splanchnic mesenchymal cells send a signal over a short range to endodermal cells inducing them to form the primary lung bud.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostate gland morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a prostate gland are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostatic bud formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary prostate bud formation
+ The morphogenetic process whereby a region of the fetal urogenital sinus epithelium is specified to become the prostate, resulting in prostate bud outgrowth.
+ biological_process
+ prostate gland formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostate induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostate field specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a specific region of the urogenital sinus epithelium is delineated into the area in which the prostate gland will develop.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary prostatic bud elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ prostate bud elongation
+ The increase in size of the prostatic bud as it forms.
+ prostate bud elongation involved in prostate morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostatic bud elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication of epithelial cells, contributing to the expansion of the primary prostatic bud.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell migration involved in prostatic bud elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The orderly movement of epithelial cells from one site to another contributing to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell adhesion involved in prostatic bud elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules that contributes to the elongation of the primary prostatic bud.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of prostate induction by androgen receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor in The process by which any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor in the urogenital sinus mesenchyme initiates prostate induction. Prostate induction is the close range interaction of the urogenital sinus mesenchyme and the urogenital sinus epithelium that causes the cells of the urogenital sinus epithelium to change their fates and specify the development of the prostate gland.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mesenchymal to epithelial signaling involved in prostate induction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Signaling at short range from urogenital sinus mesenchymal cells to cells of the urogenital epithelium resulting in the epithelial cells adopting a prostatic fate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inductive mesenchymal to epithelial cell signaling
+
+ Signaling at short range from mesenchymal cells to cells of an epithelium that results in a developmental change in the epithelial cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostate epithelial cord elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The developmental growth process by which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dichotomous subdivision of prostate epithelial cord terminal unit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a prostate epithelial cord bifurcates at its end.
+ prostate epithelial cord bifurcation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostate glandular acinus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The progression of a glandular acinus of the prostate gland over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The glandular acini are the saclike structures of the gland.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the prostate glandular acini are generated and organized. The glandular acini are the saclike structures of the gland.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The branching morphogenesis process by which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell of the prostate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth muscle cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell of the prostate glandular acinus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroendocrine cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby relatively unspecialized cells acquires specialized structural and functions of a neuroendocrine cell of the prostate gland acinus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bronchus cartilage development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lung cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
+ biological_process
+ pulmonary cartilage development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bronchus cartilage morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the bronchus cartilage is generated and organized. The bronchus cartilage is the connective tissue of the portion of the airway that connects to the lungs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trachea cartilage development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tracheal cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trachea cartilage morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of cartilage in the trachea are generated and organized.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cartilage morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of cartilage are generated and organized.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ muscle tissue development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The progression of muscle tissue over time, from its initial formation to its mature state. Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ skeletal muscle organ development
+
+ The progression of a skeletal muscle organ over time from its initial formation to its mature state. A skeletal muscle organ includes the skeletal muscle tissue and its associated connective tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diaphragm development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the diaphragm over time from its initial formation to the mature structure. The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is responsible for contraction and expansion of the lungs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diaphragm morphogensis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of the diaphragm are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory system development
+
+ biological_process
+ The progression of the respiratory system over time from its formation to its mature structure. The respiratory system carries out respiratory gaseous exchange.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of strand invasion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of strand invasion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of Rad51-mediated strand invasion
+ negative regulation of D-loop formation
+ biological_process
+ <new synonym>
+ negative regulation of D-loop biosynthesis
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of strand invasion. Strand invasion is the process in which the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of necroptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of necroptosis. Necroptosis is a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors and Toll-like receptors.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of necroptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of necroptosis. Necroptosis is a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors and Toll-like receptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of necroptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of necroptosis. Necroptosis is a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors and Toll-like receptors.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of necrotic cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of necrotic cell death. Necrotic cell death is a cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H2O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism is the chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolism is the chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, also known as FBP. The D enantiomer is a metabolic intermediate in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of necroptosis
+
+ activation of necroptosis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that starts the inactive process of necroptosis. Necroptosis is a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors and Toll-like receptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of necroptosis of activated-T cells
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that starts the inactive process of necroptosis in an activated T cell. Necroptosis is a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors and Toll-like receptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ induction of necroptosis by extracellular signals
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that starts the inactive process of necroptosis as a result of a signal outside the cell. Necroptosis is a necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors and Toll-like receptors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of a vitamin D biosynthetic process. Vitamin D biosynthesis is the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity. Calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: calcidiol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = calcitriol + NADP+ + H2O.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ developmental growth involved in morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape.
+ differential growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptosis involved in morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphogenetic apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ The process of apoptosis that contributes to the shaping of an anatomical structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epithelial tube morphogenesis
+
+
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an epithelium. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuroepithelial cell differentiation
+
+ The process by which epiblast cells acquire specialized features of neuroepithelial cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of anaphase-promoting complex activity during mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cyclosome activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ negative regulation of APC/C activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ Any process that decreases the rate frequency or extent of anaphase-promoting complex activity regulating the mitotic cell cycle.
+ biological_process
+ <new synonym>
+ negative regulation of APC activity during mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of anaphase-promoting complex activity during mitotic cell cycle
+
+ Any process that prevents the activation of anaphase-promoting complex activity regulating the mitotic cell cycle.
+ inhibition of APC activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of cyclosome activity during mitotic cell cycle
+ inhibition of APC/C activity during mitotic cell cycle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transcription termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of transcription termination. Transcription termination is the process by which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transcription termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of transcription termination. Transcription termination is the process by which transcription is completed; the formation of phosphodiester bonds ceases, the RNA-DNA hybrid dissociates, and RNA polymerase releases the DNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of peptide hormone processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of peptide hormone processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of peptide hormone processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of peptide hormone processing. Peptide hormone processing is the generation of a mature peptide hormone by posttranslational processing of a prohormone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphogenesis of an epithelial fold
+
+ folding of an epithelial sheet
+ epithelial folding
+ The morphogenetic process by which an epithelial sheet bends along a linear axis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphogenesis of an epithelial bud
+
+ The morphogenetic process by which a bud forms from an epithelial sheet. A bud is a protrusion that forms form the sheet.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell fate specification involved in pattern specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process involved in the specification of the identity of a cell in a field of cells that is being instructed as to how to differentiate. Once specification has taken place, that cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intestinal epithelial cell maturation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a columna/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine to attain its fully functional state. A columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine mature as they migrate from the intestinal crypt to the villus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intestinal epithelial cell differentiation
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intestinal epithelial cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell of the intestine over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pulmonary vein morphogenesis
+
+ pulmonary venous blood vessel morphogenesis
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of the pulmonary venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superior vena cava morphogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which the anatomical structure of superior vena cava generated and organized. The superior vena cava is a blood vessel that transports blood from the upper body to the heart.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral spinal cord interneuron fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a ventral spinal cord interneuron. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral spinal cord interneuron fate determination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a ventral spinal cord interneuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. Ventral spinal cord interneurons are cells located in the ventral portion of the spinal cord that transmit signals between sensory and motor neurons and are required for reflexive responses.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell fate commitment involved in pattern specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells within a field of cells that will exhibit a certain pattern of differentiation. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a developmental field resulting in specification of a cell type. Those signals are then interpreted in a cell-autonomous manner resulting in the determination of the cell type.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell fate determination involved in pattern specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process involved in commitment of a cell to a fate in a developmental field. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of actin cortical patch localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the localization of an actin cortical patch. An actin cortical patch is a discrete actin-containing structure found just beneath the plasma membrane in fungal cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of prostaglandin-endoperoxidase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxidase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase activity
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of prostaglandin-endoperoxidase activity. Prostaglandin-endoperoxidase activity is the catalysis of the reaction: arachidonate + donor-H2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + acceptor + H2O.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular organismal iron ion homeostasis
+
+
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of the distribution of iron stores within tissues and organs of a multicellular organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of lipoprotein lipid oxidation. Lipoprotein lipid oxidation is the modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid moiety.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of lipoprotein lipid oxidation. Lipoprotein lipid oxidation is the modification of a lipoprotein by oxidation of the lipid moiety.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chondroblast differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ chondrocyte progenitor cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a mesenchymal cell, acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondroblast. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a chondroblast fate. A chondroblast is a precursor cell to chondrocytes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammary gland formation
+
+ biological_process
+ mammary bud formation
+ mammary sprout formation
+ The process pertaining to the initial formation of the mammary gland from unspecified parts. The process begins with formation of the mammary line and ends when the solid mammary bud invades the primary mammary mesenchyme.
+ mammary placode formation
+ mammary line formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wnt receptor signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammary gland specification
+
+
+ biological_process
+ mammary line specification
+ The regionalization process by which the mammary line is specified. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a fibroblast growth factor to its receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammary placode formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The developmental process by which the mammary placode forms. The mammary placode is a transient lens shaped structure that will give rise to the mammary bud proper.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in mammary gland formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the formation of the mammary line, placode or bud.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dichotomous subdivision of terminal units involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ primary mammary duct branching
+ The process whereby the terminal end of a mammary duct bifurcates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral sprouting involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lung duct secondary branching
+ The process whereby a branch forms along the side of a mammary duct.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dichotomous subdivision of an epithelial terminal unit
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby an epithelial cord, rod or tube bifurcates at its end.
+ primary branching of an epithelium
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral sprouting from an epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a branch forms along the side of an epithelium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branch elongation of an epithelium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The growth process by which a branch increases in length from its base to its tip.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammary gland duct morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which anatomical structures of the mammary ducts are generated and organized. Mammary ducts are epithelial tubes that transport milk.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammary gland duct cavitation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Creation of the central hole of the mammary gland duct by the hollowing out of a solid rod.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lumen cavitation
+
+ The formation of a lumen by hollowing out a solid rod or cord.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sealing an epithelial fold to form a lumen
+
+ biological_process
+ Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure by sealing the edges of an epithelial fold.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell adhesion involved in sealing an epithelial fold
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of one cell to another cell along the edges of two epithelial folds, giving rise to the lumen of an epithelial tube.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell adhesion involved in neural tube closure
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of one cell to another cell along the edges of two epithelial folds, giving rise to the lumen of the neural tube.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptosis involved in lumen cavitation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of apoptosis that contributes to the hollowing out of an epithelial rod or cord to form the central hole in a tube.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammary gland mesenchymal cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mammary gland mesenchymal cell. Mammary gland mesenchymal cells form a loosely connected network of cells that surround the mammary ducts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mammary gland fat pad development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The progression of the mammary gland fat pad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary fat pads are adipose structures in the gland that are invaded by the mammary ducts.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adipose tissue development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fat pad development
+
+ biological_process
+ The progression of a fat pad from its initial formation to its mature structure. A fat pad is an accumulation of adipose tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specification of axis polarity
+
+ The pattern specification process by which the polarity of a body or organ axis is established and maintained.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular protein transmembrane transport
+
+
+ intracellular protein transport across a membrane
+ The directed movement of proteins in a cell, from one side of a membrane to another.
+ biological_process
+ intracellular membrane translocation of a protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ macromolecular complex assembly
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of macromolecules to form a complex.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ macromolecule complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-DNA complex assembly
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and DNA molecules to form a protein-DNA complex.
+ biological_process
+ DNA-protein complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-lipid complex assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and lipids to form a protein-lipid complex.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein-carbohydrate complex assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins and carbohydrates to form a protein-carbohydrate complex.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological regulation
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation
+ biological_process
+ goslim_pir
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any biological process, quality or function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of biological quality
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of biological characteristic
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc.
+ regulation of biological attribute
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of molecular function
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a molecular function, an elemental biological activity occurring at the molecular level, such as catalysis or binding.
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of a molecular function
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular membrane-bounded organelle
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.
+ extracellular membrane-enclosed organelle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intracellular organelle lumen
+
+
+ An organelle lumen that is part of an intracellular organelle.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sucrase-isomaltase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Wikipedia:Sucrase-isomaltase
+ oligo-1,6-glucosidase complex
+ A protein complex that possesses oligo-1,6-glucosidase activity; the complex is a heterodimer located in the cell membrane, and is formed by proteolytic cleavage of a single precursor polypeptide. The two subunits have different substrate specificities.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta3 integrin-thrombospondin complex
+
+
+ ITGAV-ITGB3-THBS1 complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to thrombospondin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transforming growth factor beta type I receptor complex
+
+ TGF-beta type I receptor dimer
+ TGF-beta type I receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+ A receptor complex that consists of two transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type I receptor monomers. TGF-beta type I receptor dimers form in the presence or absence of ligand, and can associate with ligand-bound TGF-beta type II receptor dimers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transforming growth factor beta type II receptor complex
+
+ A receptor complex that consists of two transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor monomers. TGF-beta type II receptor dimers form in the presence or absence of ligand, and upon ligand binding can associate with TGF-beta type I receptor dimers.
+ TGF-beta type II receptor dimer
+ cellular_component
+ TGF-beta type II receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transforming growth factor beta1-type II receptor complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that consists of a dimeric transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor bound to a TGF-beta1 dimer.
+ TGF-beta receptor II-TGF-beta1 complex
+ TGF-beta1-type II receptor complex
+ goslim_pir
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transforming growth factor beta1-type II receptor-type I receptor complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ TGF-beta 1:type II receptor:type I receptor complex
+ TGF-beta receptor II-TGF-beta receptor I-TGF-beta1 complex
+ A protein complex that is formed by the association of a ligand-bound TGF-beta type II receptor dimer with a TGF-beta type I receptor dimer.
+ TGF-beta1-type II receptor-type I receptor complex
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transforming growth factor beta receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A dimeric receptor complex that binds transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta); consists of two TGF-beta receptor monomers.
+ TGF-beta receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin12-interleukin-12 receptor complex
+
+
+ IL12B-IL12RB1-IL12RB2 complex
+ A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-12 receptor complex with an interleukin-12 heterodimer.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ IL12-IL12 receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD19-Vav-PIK3R1 complex
+
+
+ CD19-Vav-PI 3-kinase (p85 subunit) complex
+ A protein complex that contains the cell surface signaling molecule CD19, the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav, and the regulatory subunit alpha of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K).
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription by carbon monoxide
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process involving carbon monoxide that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of transcription by CO
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta3 integrin-osteopontin complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
+ ITGAV-ITGB3-SPP1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta1 integrin-osteopontin complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta1 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
+ ITGAV-ITGB1-SPP1 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta5 integrin-osteopontin complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta5 integrin complex bound to osteopontin.
+ ITGAV-ITGB5-SPP1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex
+
+ SNARE complex (Vamp2, Snap25, Stx1a, Cplx1)
+ A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin I (or orthologs thereof).
+ Vamp2-Snap25-Stx1a-Cplx1 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin II complex
+
+ SNARE complex (Vamp2, Snap25, Stx1a, Cplx2)
+ A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).
+ Vamp2-Snap25-Stx1a-Cplx2 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex
+
+ SNARE complex (Snap25, Stx1a, Vamp2)
+ Stx1a-SNAP25-VAMP complex
+ cellular_component
+ SNARE complex (Stx1a, SNAP25, VAMP)
+ A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).
+ Snap25-Stx1a-Vamp2 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-2 complex
+
+ Stx2-Snap25-Vamp2 complex
+ SNARE complex (Stx2, Snap25, Vamp2)
+ A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-3 complex
+
+ Stx3-Snap25-Vamp2 complex
+ A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 3 (or orthologs thereof).
+ cellular_component
+ SNARE complex (Stx3, Snap25, Vamp2)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-4 complex
+
+ Stx4-Snap25-Vamp2 complex
+ SNARE complex (Stx4, Snap25, Vamp2)
+ cellular_component
+ A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 4 (or orthologs thereof).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endobrevin-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex
+
+ SNARE complex (Stx1a, Snap25, Vamp8)
+ Stx1a-Snap25-Vamp8 complex
+ A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 1a (or orthologs thereof).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endobrevin-SNAP-25-syntaxin-2 complex
+
+ SNARE complex (Stx2, Snap25, Vamp8)
+ Stx2-Snap25-Vamp8 complex
+ cellular_component
+ A SNARE complex that contains endobrevin (VAMP8), SNAP-25, and syntaxin 2 (or orthologs thereof).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neuron maintenance
+
+ The cellular homeostatic process by which a neuron is preserved in a stable, differentiated functional and structural state.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA splicing, via endonucleolytic cleavage and ligation
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ Splicing of mRNA substrates via recognition of the folded RNA structure that brings the 5' and 3' splice sites into proximity and cleavage of the RNA at both the 3' and 5' splice sites by an endonucleolytic mechanism, followed by ligation of the exons.
+ Note that while typically associated with tRNA splicing, splicing via endonucleolytic cleavages and subsequent ligation of the free exon ends is known to be used for some non-tRNA substrates, e.g. HAC1 (YFL031W) in S. cerevisiae and an intron in the 23S rRNA of the Archaeal species Desulfurococcus mobilis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ HAC1-type intron splice site recognition and cleavage
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which the tertiary structure of a HAC1 type intron is recognized, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of the RNA at both the 5' and 3' splice sites occurs.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prospore membrane leading edge
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region of the prospore membrane that extends to surround the spore nucleus; coated with specific proteins that are thought to play a role in prospore membrane organization.
+ cellular_component
+ forespore membrane leading edge
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prospore membrane spindle pole body attachment site
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ forespore membrane SPB attachment site
+ prospore membrane SPB attachment site
+ cellular_component
+ The region of the prospore membrane to which the spindle pole body (SPB) is anchored; the prospore membrane extends from the SPB attachment site to surround the spore nucleus.
+ forespore membrane spindle pole body attachment site
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA gene clustering
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which tRNA genes, which are not linearly connected on the chromosome, are transported in three dimensions to, and maintained together in, the nucleolus. This clustered positioning leads to transcriptional silencing of nearby RNA polymerase II promoters (termed tRNA gene mediated (tgm) silencing) in S. cerevisiae.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptosis in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
+
+ Apoptosis that occurs in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
+ ER stress-induced apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis
+ apoptosis in response to ER stress
+ apoptosis triggered by ER stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 'de novo' actin filament nucleation
+
+ formin-mediated actin filament nucleation
+ The actin nucleation process by which actin monomers combine in the absence of any existing actin filaments; elongation of the actin oligomer formed by nucleation leads to the formation of an unbranched filament.
+ unbranched actin filament nucleation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular vesicular exosome
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane-bounded vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellubrevin-VAMP4-syntaxin-16 complex
+
+ A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, and syntaxin 16 (or orthologs thereof).
+ SNARE complex (Vamp3, Vamp4, Stx16)
+ cellular_component
+ Vamp3-Vamp4-Stx16 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellubrevin-VAMP4-endobrevin-syntaxin-6 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ Vamp3-Vamp4-Vam8-Stx6 complex
+ SNARE complex (Vamp3, Vamp4, Vam8, Stx6)
+ A SNARE complex that contains cellubrevin (VAMP3), VAMP4, endobrevin (VAMP8), and syntaxin 6 (or orthologs thereof).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ syntaxin-6-syntaxin-16-Vti1a complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A SNARE complex that contains syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ VAMP4-syntaxin-6-syntaxin-16-Vti1a complex
+
+ Vamp4-Stx6-Stx16-Vti1a complex
+ A SNARE complex that contains VAMP4, syntaxin 6, syntaxin 16, and Vti1a (or orthologs thereof).
+ cellular_component
+ SNARE complex (Vamp4, Stx6, Stx16, Vti1a)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cytochrome complex
+
+ A protein complex in which at least one of the proteins is a cytochrome, i.e. a heme-containing protein involved in catalysis of redox reactions.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient.
+ V-ATPase complex assembly
+ biological_process
+ V-ATPase assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex, a large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex assembly
+
+ V-ATPase complex assembly
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a vacuolar proton-transporting V-type ATPase complex, proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex that couples ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across the vacuolar membrane.
+ biological_process
+ V-ATPase assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clustering of voltage-gated calcium channels
+
+ biological_process
+ clustering of voltage-dependent calcium channels
+ clustering of voltage gated calcium channels
+ voltage-gated calcium channel clustering
+ The process by which voltage-gated calcium channels become localized together in high densities.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononeme
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A secretory organelle that forms part of the apical complex; a small, threadlike structure located is close proximity to the subpellicular microtubules. Its contents include a rhomboid protease (PfROM1 in Plasmodium falciparum) that moves from the lateral asymmetric localization to the merozoite apical pole and the posterior pole upon release of merosoites from schizonts.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tear secretion
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of the aqueous layer of the tear film from the lacrimal glands. Tears are the liquid product of a process of lacrimation to clean and lubricate the eyes. Tear fluid contains water, mucin, lipids, lysozyme, lactoferrin, lipocalin, lacritin, immunoglobulins, glucose, urea, sodium, and potassium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone lysine demethylation
+
+ The modification of a histone by the removal of a methyl group from a lysine residue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone arginine demethylation
+
+ The modification of a histone by the removal of a methyl group from an arginine residue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-R2 demethylation
+
+ The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from arginine at position 2 of the histone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H4-R3 demethylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The modification of histone H4 by the removal of a methyl group from arginine at position 3 of the histone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A clathrin sculpted lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicle after clathrin release and containing monoamines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The volume enclosed by the membrane of the clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin sculpted monoamine transport vesicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein initiator methionine removal
+
+ biological_process
+ removal of initiator methionine from protein
+ The post-translational protein modification process by which the translation-initiating methionine or formylmethionine residue is removed from a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glycosylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The covalent attachment of a glycosyl residue to a substrate molecule.
+ Wikipedia:Glycosylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis
+
+ ubiquitin-mediated endocytosis
+ Endocytosis of a protein that requires the substrate to be modified by uniquitination. Several plasma membrane proteins, including cell surface permeases and some receptors, are targeted for internalization by endocytosis, and are thereafter delivered to the vacuole or lysosome, where they are degraded.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PHA granule
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ An inclusion body located in the cytoplasm that consists of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) molecules and associated proteins, surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer; the proteins include PHA synthase, PHA depolymerase and 3HB-oligomer hydroxylase, phasins (PhaPs), which are thought to be the major structural proteins of the membrane surrounding the inclusion, and the regulator of phasin expression PhaR.
+ PHB granule
+ polyhydroxyalkanoate granule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ metaphase plate
+
+ cellular_component
+ The intracellular plane, located halfway between the poles of the spindle, where chromosomes align during metaphase of mitotic or meiotic nuclear division.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glucagon secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of glucagon from secretory granules in the A (alpha) cells of the pancreas (islets of Langerhans).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of glucagon secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of glucagon secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of glucagon secretion
+ down-regulation of glucagon secretion
+ downregulation of glucagon secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.
+ down regulation of glucagon secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glucagon secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of glucagon secretion
+ up-regulation of glucagon secretion
+ stimulation of glucagon secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of glucagon.
+ activation of glucagon secretion
+ up regulation of glucagon secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ chemokine-mediated signalling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ regulation of chemokine-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of chemokine-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of chemokine-mediated signalling pathway
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a chemokine binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ interleukin-6-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ A series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-6 binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ IL-6-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of IL-6-mediated signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-6-mediated binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-6 binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ negative regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of IL-6-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-6 binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ positive regulation of IL-6-mediated signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of interleukin-6-mediated signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ A series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-27 binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ interleukin-27-mediated signalling pathway
+ IL-27-mediated signaling pathway
+ IL27RA/IL6ST signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of IL27RA/IL6ST signaling pathway
+ regulation of IL-27-mediated signaling pathway
+ regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signalling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-27-mediated binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of IL27RA/IL6ST signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of IL-27-mediated signaling pathway
+ Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-27 binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interleukin-27 binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ positive regulation of interleukin-27-mediated signalling pathway
+ positive regulation of IL-27-mediated signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of IL27RA/IL6ST signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that acts as a receptor for the cytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). In humans the receptor complex is a hexamer composed of two molecules each of CNTF and CNTFR and one molecule each of gp130 and LIFR.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organellar chromatophore
+
+ Paulinella-type chromatophore
+ cellular_component
+ A bacteroid-containing symbiosome in which the bacterial component is a genetically highly reduced cyanobacterium that is photosynthetically active and incapable of an independent existence outside its host. The chromatophore functions as a photosynthetic organelle, and has been found and characterized in the amoeba Paulinella chromatophora.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organellar chromatophore membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ Either of the lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.
+ Paulinella-type chromatophore membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organellar chromatophore inner membrane
+
+ cellular_component
+ Paulinella-type chromatophore inner membrane
+ The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organellar chromatophore outer membrane
+
+
+ The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, of the two lipid bilayers surrounding an organellar chromatophore.
+ Paulinella-type chromatophore outer membrane
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organellar chromatophore intermembrane space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers that surround an organellar chromatophore.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cellular_component
+ Paulinella-type chromatophore intermembrane space
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organellar chromatophore thylakoid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A thylakoid located in an organellar chromatophore.
+ cellular_component
+ gosubset_prok
+ Paulinella-type chromatophore thylakoid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Paulinella-type chromatophore thylakoid lumen
+ The volume enclosed by an organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Paulinella-type chromatophore thylakoid membrane
+ The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within an organellar chromatophore.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ ciliary neurotrophic factor-mediated signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ CNTF-mediated signaling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of ciliary neurotrophic factor binding to a cell surface receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Kupffer's vesicle development
+
+ The progression of the Kupffer's vesicle over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The Kupffer's vesicle is a small but distinctive epithelial sac containing fluid, located midventrally posterior to the yolk cell or its extension, and transiently present during most of the segmentation period.
+ biological_process
+ KV development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial translational initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial translation initiation
+ The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial translational elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis in a mitochondrion.
+ mitochondrial translation elongation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial translational termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process resulting in the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome in a mitochondrion, usually in response to a termination codon (note that mitochondria use variants of the universal genetic code that differ between different taxa).
+ mitochondrial translation termination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis in a mitochondrion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conversion of mitochondrial met-tRNAf to fmet-tRNA
+
+ The process whereby methionine carried by an initiator methionine tRNA in a mitochondrion is N-formylated.
+ biological_process
+ mitochondrial N-terminal peptidyl-methionine N-formylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitochondrial translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism
+ regulation of mitochondrial protein formation
+ regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.
+ regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitochondrial translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis
+ negative regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of mitochondrial protein formation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.
+ negative regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial protein formation
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial protein anabolism
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA in a mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.
+ regulation of mitochondrial translation initiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mitochondrial translation initiation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial translational initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of mitochondrial translation initiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in a mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-1,2-oligomannoside metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.
+ beta-1,2-oligomannoside metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-1,2-oligomannoside biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of beta-1,2-linked oligomannosides, which are found in fungal cell wall phosphopeptidomannan and phospholipomannan.
+ beta-1,2-oligomannoside biosynthesis
+ beta-1,2-oligomannoside formation
+ beta-1,2-oligomannoside synthesis
+ biological_process
+ beta-1,2-oligomannoside anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to UV-A
+
+ biological_process
+ response to UV-A radiation stimulus
+ response to UV-A light stimulus
+ response to UVA light stimulus
+ response to UVA radiation stimulus
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-A radiation stimulus. UV-A radiation (UV-A light) spans the wavelengths 400 to 500 nm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptic vesicle budding
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Evagination of a membrane to form a synaptic vesicle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ The process of coupling alanine to alanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by alanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling asparagine to asparaginyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling aspartate to aspartyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial cysteinyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling cysteine to cysteinyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial glutaminyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ The process of coupling glutamine to glutaminyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ The process of coupling glutamate to glutamyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial glycyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ The process of coupling glycine to glycyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by glycyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ The process of coupling histidine to histidyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by histidyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial isoleucyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ The process of coupling isoleucine to isoleucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling leucine to leucyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by leucyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling lysine to lysyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ The process of coupling methionine to methionyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial phenylalanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling phenylalanine to phenylalanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial prolyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling proline to prolyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by prolyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial seryl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling serine to seryl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by seryl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ The process of coupling threonine to threonyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by threonyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ occluding junction
+
+ occluding cell junction
+ cellular_component
+ A cell-cell junction that seals cells together in an epithelium in a way that prevents even small molecules from leaking from one side of the sheet to the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anchoring junction
+
+ A cell junction that mechanically attaches a cell (and its cytoskeleton) to neighboring cells or to the extracellular matrix.
+ anchoring cell junction
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adiponectin secretion
+
+ The regulated release of adiponectin, a protein hormone, by adipose tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of adiponectin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adiponectin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of adiponectin secretion
+ down regulation of adiponectin secretion
+ downregulation of adiponectin secretion
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of adiponectin secretion
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of adiponectin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of adiponectin secretion
+ activation of adiponectin secretion
+ upregulation of adiponectin secretion
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of adiponectin from a cell or group of cells.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of adiponectin secretion
+ up regulation of adiponectin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enamel mineralization
+
+ The process by which calcium salts, mainly carbonated hydroxyapatite, are deposited in tooth enamel.
+ enamel formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of biomineral formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of biomineralization
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral formation, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
+ regulation of mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of biomineral formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral formation, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
+ negative regulation of biomineralization
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of biomineral formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of biomineral formation, the formation of hard tissues that consist mainly of inorganic compounds.
+ positive regulation of mineralization
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of biomineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of tooth mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of tooth mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of tooth mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of tooth mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth structures.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of enamel mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of enamel mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of enamel mineralization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enamel mineralization, the deposition of calcium salts in tooth enamel.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DRM complex
+
+ DP/Rb/MuvB
+ A transcriptional repressor complex that contains the lin-9, lin-35, lin-37, lin-52, lin-53, lin-5is involved in 4-, dpl-1 and efl-1 proteins, and is involved in cell fate specification.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile vacuole discharge
+
+
+ The regulated release of water from a contractile vacuole to the outside of a cell by fusion of the contractile vacuole membrane with the plasma membrane.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-serine metabolic process
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-serine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ D-serine biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ D-serine synthesis
+ D-serine formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ D-serine anabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of D-serine, the D-enantiomer of serine, i.e. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid. D-serine is often formed by racemization of L-serine.
+ D-serine biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ The process of coupling tryptophan to tryptophanyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling threonine to tyrosyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrial valyl-tRNA aminoacylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of coupling valine to valyl-tRNA in a mitochondrion, catalyzed by valyl-tRNA synthetase. In tRNA aminoacylation, the amino acid is first activated by linkage to AMP and then transferred to either the 2'- or the 3'-hydroxyl group of the 3'-adenosine residue of the tRNA.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shelterin complex
+
+ telosome
+ A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of the shelterin protein (POT1 or a homolog thereof) and several other proteins with telomeric DNA. The complex contains TRF1, TRF2, POT1, RAP1, TIN2 and TPP1 in mammalian cells, and Pot1, Tpz1, Ccq1, Poz1, and Rap1 in Schizosaccharomyces.
+ cellular_component
+ Pot1-Tpz1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Stn1-Ten1 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of the Stn1 and Ten1 proteins with telomeric DNA; in some species a third protein is present.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kynurenine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving kynurenine, the amino acid 3-(2-aminobenzoyl)-alanine.
+ biological_process
+ kynurenine metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromosome organization involved in meiosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A process of chromosome organization that is involved in meiosis.
+ meiotic chromosome organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptonemal complex organization
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synaptonemal complex. A synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous scaffold formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptonemal complex disassembly
+
+
+ The controlled breakdown of a synaptonemal complex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth hormone receptor complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A receptor complex that consists of two identical subunits and binds growth hormone.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex.
+ eIF3 assembly
+ eIF-3 assembly
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attachment of telomeres to nuclear envelope
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The cell cycle process whereby physical connections are formed between telomeres and the nuclear envelope, facilitating bouquet formation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization to telomere
+
+ Any process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.
+ biological_process
+ protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of protein localization to chromosome
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of protein localization to telomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region
+ The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of establishment of protein localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location on a chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of establishment of protein localization to telomere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the telomeric region of a chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein trimerization
+
+ protein trimer biosynthetic process
+ The formation of a protein trimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein trimer formation
+ protein trimer assembly
+ protein trimer biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein homotrimerization
+
+
+ protein homotrimer biosynthesis
+ protein homotrimer assembly
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein homotrimer biosynthetic process
+ protein homotrimer formation
+ The formation of a protein homotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated identical subunits.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein heterotrimerization
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ protein heterotrimer biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ The formation of a protein heterotrimer, a macromolecular structure consisting of three noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
+ protein heterotrimer formation
+ protein heterotrimer biosynthesis
+ protein heterotrimer assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ASTRA complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery; the acronym stands for ASsembly of Tel, Rvb and Atm-like kinase. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex includes Rvb1p, Rvb2p, Tra1p, Tel2p, Asa1p, Ttilp and Tti2p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Rpd3L-Expanded complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains a histone deacetyltransferase and is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains the Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p, Ash1p, Dot6p, Snt1, Sif2p, Set3p, Hos2p, Tos4p and Tod6p proteins.
+ cellular_component
+ Clr6-LE complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Snt2C complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that is part of the chromatin remodeling machinery. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae this complex contains Snt2p, Ecm5p and Rpd3p.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid poly-ADP-ribosylation
+
+ The transfer of multiple ADP-ribose residues from NAD to a protein amino acid, forming a poly(ADP-ribose) chain.
+ protein poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis
+ protein poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism
+ addition of poly-ADP-ribose to protein
+ biological_process
+ poly(ADP-ribose) addition to protein
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid auto-ADP-ribosylation
+
+ The ADP-ribosylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CSK-GAP-A.p62 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains the protein-tyrosine kinase CSK and the GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-associated p62 (GAP-A.p62); may mediate translocation of proteins, including GAP and CSK, to membrane or cytoskeletal regions upon c-Src activation.
+ cellular_component
+ Note that the gene/protein name 'APC' should not be confused with the abbreviation for 'anaphase promoting complex'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIIIB complex assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a transcription factor TFIIIB complex.
+ TFIIIB assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfide ion homeostasis
+
+ sulphide homeostasis
+ sulfide homeostasis
+ sulphide ion homeostasis
+ sulfide generation
+ sulphide production
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of sulfide ions within an organism or cell.
+ sulfide production
+ biological_process
+ sulphide generation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular sulfide ion homeostasis
+
+
+ cellular sulphide homeostasis
+ cellular sulphide ion homeostasis
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of sulfide ions at the level of a cell.
+ cellular sulfide homeostasis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic sulfur oxidation
+
+ A sulfur oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase, and requires the presence of oxygen.
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:SULFUROX-PWY
+ aerobic sulphur oxidation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfide oxidation, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase
+
+ biological_process
+ sulfide oxidation, using sulfide-quinone reductase
+ sulphide oxidation, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase
+ MetaCyc:P222-PWY
+ A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfide oxidation, using sulfide dehydrogenase
+
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5274
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ sulphide oxidation, using sulfide dehydrogenase
+ A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfide dehydrogenase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sulfide oxidation, using sulfur dioxygenase
+
+ A sulfide oxidation process that proceeds via the reaction catalyzed by sulfur dioxygenase.
+ MetaCyc:PWY-5285
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ sulphide oxidation, using sulfur dioxygenase
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lymphocyte apoptosis
+
+ The process of apoptosis in a lymphocyte.
+ Note that a lymphocyte is a cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage (CL:0000542).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of lymphocyte death by apoptosis.
+ Note that a lymphocyte is a cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage (CL:0000542).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of lymphocyte apoptosis
+ down regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
+ downregulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
+ down-regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+ Note that a lymphocyte is a cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage (CL:0000542).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptosis.
+ activation of lymphocyte apoptosis
+ up regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
+ Note that a lymphocyte is a cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage (CL:0000542).
+ upregulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
+ stimulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell apoptosis
+
+ The process of apoptosis in a T cell.
+ T-lymphocyte apoptosis
+ T lymphocyte apoptosis
+ programmed cell death of T cells by apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ T-cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of T-cell apoptosis
+ regulation of programmed cell death of T cells by apoptosis
+ Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of T cell death by apoptosis.
+ regulation of T-lymphocyte apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of T lymphocyte apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of T cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of T cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptosis.
+ down regulation of T cell apoptosis
+ negative regulation of T-cell apoptosis
+ negative regulation of T lymphocyte apoptosis
+ negative regulation of programmed cell death of T cells by apoptosis
+ negative regulation of T-lymphocyte apoptosis
+ downregulation of T cell apoptosis
+ inhibition of T cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of T cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell death by apoptosis.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of T lymphocyte apoptosis
+ up regulation of T cell apoptosis
+ positive regulation of T-cell apoptosis
+ upregulation of T cell apoptosis
+ stimulation of T cell apoptosis
+ positive regulation of programmed cell death of T cells by apoptosis
+ positive regulation of T-lymphocyte apoptosis
+ up-regulation of T cell apoptosis
+ activation of T cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of AICD
+ regulation of activation-induced cell death of T lymphocytes
+ regulation of antigen-driven apoptosis
+ regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-cells
+ Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
+ regulation of activated T cell apoptosis
+ regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-lymphocytes
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of antigen-driven apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
+ downregulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+ negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-cells
+ down regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+ negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T lymphocytes
+ negative regulation of AICD
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-lymphocytes
+ down-regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+ negative regulation of activated T cell apoptosis
+ inhibition of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of AICD
+ positive regulation of activated T cell apoptosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells.
+ positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-lymphocytes
+ up-regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+ stimulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+ positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T-cells
+ upregulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+ positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T lymphocytes
+ positive regulation of antigen-driven apoptosis
+ activation of activation-induced cell death of T cells
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activated T cell autonomous cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activated T-lymphocyte autonomous cell death
+ activated T-cell autonomous cell death
+ biological_process
+ A type of T cell apoptosis that occurs towards the end of the expansion phase following the initial activation of mature T cells by antigen via the accumulation of pro-apoptotic gene products and decrease in anti-apoptotic gene products.
+ activated T lymphocyte autonomous cell death
+ activated cell autonomous cell death
+ ACAD
+ activated T cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of lymphocyte death by apoptosis.
+ regulation of activated T-cell autonomous cell death
+ regulation of activated cell autonomous cell death
+ biological_process
+ regulation of activated T-lymphocyte autonomous cell death
+ regulation of activated T cell apoptosis
+ regulation of activated T lymphocyte autonomous cell death
+ regulation of ACAD
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+ downregulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+ negative regulation of activated cell autonomous cell death
+ down-regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+ negative regulation of activated T cell apoptosis
+ negative regulation of activated T-cell autonomous cell death
+ negative regulation of ACAD
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptosis.
+ negative regulation of activated T lymphocyte autonomous cell death
+ negative regulation of activated T-lymphocyte autonomous cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of activated T-cell autonomous cell death
+ upregulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of ACAD
+ positive regulation of activated T lymphocyte autonomous cell death
+ activation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+ positive regulation of activated T cell apoptosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte death by apoptosis.
+ stimulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+ up regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+ positive regulation of activated T-lymphocyte autonomous cell death
+ positive regulation of activated cell autonomous cell death
+ up-regulation of activated T cell autonomous cell death
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thymocyte apoptosis
+
+ biological_process
+ The process of apoptosis in a thymocyte.
+ Note that a thymocyte is an immature T cell located in the thymus (CL:0000893).
+ immature T cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thymocyte apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that a thymocyte is an immature T cell located in the thymus (CL:0000893).
+ Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of thymocyte death by apoptosis.
+ regulation of immature T cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of thymocyte apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of thymocyte apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of immature T cell apoptosis
+ down regulation of thymocyte apoptosis
+ Note that a thymocyte is an immature T cell located in the thymus (CL:0000893).
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptosis.
+ inhibition of thymocyte apoptosis
+ down-regulation of thymocyte apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of thymocyte apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that a thymocyte is an immature T cell located in the thymus (CL:0000893).
+ positive regulation of immature T cell apoptosis
+ up-regulation of thymocyte apoptosis
+ stimulation of thymocyte apoptosis
+ upregulation of thymocyte apoptosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thymocyte death by apoptosis.
+ up regulation of thymocyte apoptosis
+ activation of thymocyte apoptosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ natural killer cell apoptosis
+
+ The process of apoptosis in a natural killer cell.
+ NK cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of natural killer cell death by apoptosis.
+ regulation of NK cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of natural killer cell apoptosis
+ negative regulation of NK cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptosis.
+ downregulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
+ down-regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
+ upregulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
+ activation of natural killer cell apoptosis
+ up-regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of NK cell apoptosis
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of natural killer cell death by apoptosis.
+ up regulation of natural killer cell apoptosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating projection membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a mating projection, the projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.
+ cellular_component
+ shmoo membrane
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin-mediated cell contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ The actin filament-based process by which cytoplasmic actin filaments slide past one another resulting in contraction of all or part of the cell body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ somatostatin secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of somatostatin from secretory granules in the D cells of the pancreas.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucus secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of mucus by the mucosa. Mucus is a viscous slimy secretion consisting of mucins and various inorganic salts dissolved in water, with suspended epithelial cells and leukocytes. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, is the membrane covered with epithelium that lines the tubular organs of the body. Mucins are a carbohydrate-rich glycoproteins that have a lubricating and protective function.
+ mucus production
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mucus secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of mucus production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mucus secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of mucus production
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or group of cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of mucus secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or group of cells.
+ positive regulation of mucus production
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inner membrane complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A membrane structure formed of two closely aligned lipid bilayers that lie beneath the plasma membrane and form part of the pellicle surrounding an apicomplexan parasite cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hemolymph circulation
+
+ biological_process
+ The flow of hemolymph through the body of an animal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation
+
+ The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine to form peptidyl-serine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ external side of fungal-type cell wall
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ The side of the fungal-type cell wall that is opposite to the side that faces the cell and its contents.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription factor TFIIIE complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transcription factor complex that is involved in regulating transcription from RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters. TFIIIE contains a specific subset of ribosomal proteins.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ necrotic cell death
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that the word necrosis has been widely used in earlier literature to describe forms of cell death which are now known by more precise terms, such as apoptosis. Necrosis can occur in a regulated fashion, involving a precise sequence of signals.
+ cellular necrosis
+ A cell death process that is morphologically characterized by a gain in cell volume (oncosis), swelling of organelles, plasma membrane rupture and subsequent loss of intracellular contents.
+ necrosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ necroptosis
+
+ programmed necrotic cell death
+ A necrotic cell death process that results from the activation of endogenous cellular processes, such as signaling involving death domain receptors and Toll-like receptors.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oncosis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that oncosis is sometimes described as a type of cell death, but recent nomenclature recommendations define it as a feature of necrotic cell death rather than a distinct mode of cell death.
+ A cellular process that results in swelling of the cell body, and that is morphologically characteristic of necrotic cell death.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cornification
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A type of programmed cell death that occurs in the epidermis, morphologically and biochemically distinct from apoptosis. It leads to the formation of corneocytes, i.e. dead keratinocytes containing an amalgam of specific proteins (e.g., keratin, loricrin, SPR and involucrin) and lipids (e.g., fatty acids and ceramides), which are necessary for the function of the cornified skin layer (mechanical resistance, elasticity, water repellence and structural stability).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyroptosis
+
+ A type of programmed cell death that results from the apical activation of caspase-1.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitotic catastrophe
+
+ A type of programmed cell death that occurs during or shortly after a dysregulated or failed mitosis and can be accompanied by morphological alterations including micronucleation and multinucleation.
+ cell death occurring during metaphase
+ biological_process
+ cell death preceded by multinucleation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein complex biogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The cellular process by which a protein complex is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. Includes the synthesis of the constituent protein molecules.
+ protein complex biogenesis and assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proton-transporting ATP synthase complex biogenesis
+
+ biological_process
+ F-type ATPase complex biogenesis
+ The biogenesis of a proton-transporting ATP synthase (also known as F-type ATPase), a two-sector ATPase found in the inner membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts, and in bacterial plasma membranes. Includes the synthesis of constituent proteins and their aggregation, arrangement and bonding together.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RES complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that is required for efficient splicing, and prevents leakage of unspliced pre-mRNAs from the nucleus (named for pre-mRNA REtention and Splicing). In Saccharomyces, the complex consists of Ist3p, Bud13p, and Pml1p.
+ cellular_component
+ pre-mRNA retention and splicing complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite via pyruvic oxime
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ MetaCyc:PWY-2242
+ The metabolic process by which ammonia (NH3) is oxidized to nitrite (NO2) in the presence of oxygen. Hydroxylamine is produced enzymatically, and, in the presence of pyruvate, forms pyruvic oxime in a spontaneous, non-enzymatic reaction; pyruvic oxime is then converted to nitrite.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ halogen metabolic process
+
+
+ halogen metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any halogen, elements of Group VII; includes metabolism of halogen-containing compounds.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ iodide oxidation
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways by which iodide is converted to diiodine, with the concomitant loss of electrons.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular matrix constituent secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The controlled release of molecules that form the extracellular matrix, including carbohydrates and glycoproteins by a cell or a group of cells.
+ biological_process
+ ECM secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pigment cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a pigment cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a pigment cell fate.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ axonemal dynein complex assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an axonemal dynein complex, a dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella, in which the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which is converted to a bending motion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferritin complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that binds iron and acts as a major iron storage system. Intracellular and extracellular ferritin complexes have different ratios of two types of ferritin monomer, the L (light) chain and H (heavy) chain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extracellular ferritin complex
+
+
+ serum ferritin complex
+ A ferritin complex located in the extracellular region. Extracellular ferritin complexes contain L (light) chains but few or no H (heavy) chains.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acylethanolamine metabolic process
+
+ N-acylethanolamine metabolism
+ NAE metabolism
+ NAE metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving N-acylethanolamines.
+ NAPE metabolic process
+ N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine metabolism
+ biological_process
+ NAPE metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal absorption
+
+ A renal system process by which water, ions, and glucose are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron.
+ nephron absorption
+ biological_process
+ renal reabsorption
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal sodium ion absorption
+
+
+ renal sodium ion reabsorption
+ A renal system process by which sodium ions are taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron.
+ nephron sodium ion absorption
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ renal water absorption
+
+
+ biological_process
+ nephron water absorption
+ renal water reabsorption
+ A renal system process by which water is taken up from the collecting ducts and proximal and distal loops of the nephron.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of two-component signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a two-component phosphorelay signal transduction system.
+ regulation of two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay)
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of two-component signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of two-component signal transduction
+ down-regulation of two-component signal transduction
+ negative regulation of two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay)
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of two-component signal transduction
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a two-component phosphorelay signal transduction system.
+ inhibition of two-component signal transduction
+ negative regulation of histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of two-component signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of two-component signal transduction
+ up regulation of two-component signal transduction
+ upregulation of two-component signal transduction
+ positive regulation of histidyl-aspartyl phosphorelay
+ positive regulation of two-component signal transduction system (phosphorelay)
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction via a two-component phosphorelay signal transduction system.
+ stimulation of two-component signal transduction
+ up-regulation of two-component signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to hydrogen peroxide
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via a stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
+ regulation of SAPK signaling pathway
+ regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
+ negative regulation of SAPK signaling pathway
+ down-regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signalling pathway
+ inhibition of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+ down regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+ downregulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signalling pathway
+ up-regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+ activation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of SAPK signaling pathway
+ stimulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+ up regulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
+ upregulation of stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to cGMP
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cGMP (cyclic GMP, guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate) stimulus.
+ response to cyclic GMP
+ response to guanosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate
+ response to 3',5'-cGMP
+ biological_process
+ response to 3',5' cGMP
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens fiber cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens fibre cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens fiber cell development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens fibre cell development
+ biological_process
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lens fiber cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a lens fiber cell fate. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens fiber cell fate commitment
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
+ lens fibre cell fate commitment
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens fiber cell morphogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lens fibre cell morphogenesis
+ lens fiber cell morphogenesis during differentiation
+ biological_process
+ elongation of lens fiber cell
+ The process by which the structures of a lens fiber cell are generated and organized. This process occurs while the initially relatively unspecialized cell is acquiring the specialized features of a lens fiber cell. A lens fiber cell is any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in a camera-type eye.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ATR-ATRIP complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains the protein kinase ATR and ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP) and binds single-stranded DNA; ssDNA binding affinity is increased in the presence of replication protein A.
+ cellular_component
+ Rad3-Rad26 complex
+ Mec1-Lcd1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleosomal methylation activator complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains eight subunits in common with the SWI/SNF complex, plus the ATPase BRG1 (SMARCA4) and the histone methyltransferase CARM1; the complex is involved in regulating nuclear receptor-dependent transcription.
+ cellular_component
+ NUMAC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RAD52-ERCC4-ERCC1 complex
+
+ A nucleotide-excision repair complex formed by the association of the heterodimeric endonuclease XPF/ERCC4-ERCC1 (Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae) with the RAD52 protein.
+ Note that process and function information are included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RGS6-DNMT1-DMAP1 complex
+
+
+ A protein complex formed by the association of RGS6, a negative regulator of heterotrimeric G protein signaling, with the DMAP1-Dnmt1 transcriptional repressor complex; in the complex, RGS6 inhibits the transcriptional repressor activity of DMAP1.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G1 to G0 transition
+
+ A process by which progression through the cell cycle is halted during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters a specialized resting state known as G0 or quiescence.
+ biological_process
+ cell cycle quiescence
+ stationary phase
+ G1/G0 transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G1 to G0 transition involved in cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A process by which progression through the cell cycle is halted during G1 phase, whereupon the cell enters G0 phase, in the context of cell differentiation.
+ biological_process
+ G1/G0 transition involved in cell differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of G0 to G1 transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process that modulates the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of G0 to G1 transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ A cell cycle process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
+ maintenance of G0 phase
+ maintenance of G0 arrest
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A cell cycle process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Golgi to plasma membrane transport vesicle
+
+ A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
+ Golgi-plasma membrane transport vesicle
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+
+
+ down-regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+ downregulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+ inhibition of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+
+
+ upregulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+ up-regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of translation as a result of a stimulus indicating deprivation of nitrogen.
+ up regulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+ stimulation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+ biological_process
+ activation of translation in response to nitrogen starvation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyroid hormone transport
+
+
+ triiodothyronine transport
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of thyroid hormone into, out of, within or between cells.
+ thyroxine transport
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triglyceride homeostasis
+
+ triacylglycerol homeostasis
+ Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal equilibrium of triglyceride within an organism or cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tRNA seleno-modification
+
+
+ tRNA base modification to selenouridine
+ biological_process
+ The substitution of a selenium atom for a sulfur atom in a ribonucleotide in a tRNA molecule.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD20-Lck-Fyn complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the cell-surface protein CD20 and the Src family tyrosine kinases Lck and Fyn.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CD20-Lck-Lyn-Fyn complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the cell-surface protein CD20 and the Src family tyrosine kinases Lck, Lyn and Fyn.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha6-beta4 integrin-Shc-Grb2 complex
+
+
+ ITGA6-ITGB4-SHC-GRB2 complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to the adaptor proteins Shc and Grb2.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha6-beta4 integrin-laminin 5 complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that consists of an alpha6-beta4 integrin complex bound to laminin 5.
+ ITGA6-ITGB4-LAMA5 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to bacterial lipopeptide
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of bacterial lipopeptide
+
+
+ The series of events in which a bacterial lipopeptide stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fat cell proliferation
+
+ adipocyte proliferation
+ biological_process
+ The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
+ adipose cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brown fat cell proliferation
+
+ brown adipocyte proliferation
+ The multiplication or reproduction of brown fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A brown fat cell is a fat cell found the thermogenic form of adipose tissue found in newborns of many species.
+ brown adipose cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ white fat cell proliferation
+
+ biological_process
+ white adipose cell proliferation
+ white adipocyte proliferation
+ The multiplication or reproduction of white fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fat cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ regulation of adipocyte proliferation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
+ regulation of adipose cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of fat cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of adipocyte proliferation
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of adipose cell proliferation
+ down-regulation of fat cell proliferation
+ inhibition of fat cell proliferation
+ Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
+ down regulation of fat cell proliferation
+ downregulation of fat cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of fat cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ upregulation of fat cell proliferation
+ up-regulation of fat cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of adipose cell proliferation
+ up regulation of fat cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of adipocyte proliferation
+ stimulation of fat cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of fat cell proliferation.
+ activation of fat cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
+ regulation of brown adipocyte proliferation
+ regulation of brown adipose cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ downregulation of brown fat cell proliferation
+ down-regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of brown adipocyte proliferation
+ down regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
+ Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
+ inhibition of brown fat cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of brown adipose cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of brown adipose cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ activation of brown fat cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of brown fat cell proliferation.
+ upregulation of brown fat cell proliferation
+ up-regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
+ stimulation of brown fat cell proliferation
+ up regulation of brown fat cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of brown adipocyte proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of white fat cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of white adipose cell proliferation
+ regulation of white adipocyte proliferation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of white fat cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inhibition of white fat cell proliferation
+ down-regulation of white fat cell proliferation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of white fat cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of white adipocyte proliferation
+ downregulation of white fat cell proliferation
+ negative regulation of white adipose cell proliferation
+ Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of white fat cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of white fat cell proliferation
+ upregulation of white fat cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of white adipocyte proliferation
+ stimulation of white fat cell proliferation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of white fat cell proliferation.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of white fat cell proliferation
+ activation of white fat cell proliferation
+ positive regulation of white adipose cell proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GATA1-TAL1-TCF3-Lmo2 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA1, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GATA2-TAL1-TCF3-Lmo2 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the zinc finger transcription factor GATA2, the LIM domain protein Lmo2 (RBTN2), the basic helix-loop-helix protein TAL1 and its binding partner TCF3. The complex is involved transcriptional regulation in hematopoiesis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptotagmin-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-syntaxin-1b-Rab3a-complexin II complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ SNARE complex (STX1a, STX1b, SNAP25, RAB3a, SYT1, VAMP2, CPLX2)
+ STX1a-STX1b-SNAP25-RAB3a-SYT1-VAMP2-CPLX2 complex
+ A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, Rab3a, and complexin II (or orthologs thereof).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptotagmin-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-syntaxin-1b-Rab3a complex
+
+ SNARE complex (STX1a, STX1b, SNAP25, RAB3a, SYT1, VAMP2)
+ cellular_component
+ A SNARE complex that contains synaptotagmin (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 1a, syntaxin1b, and Rab3a (or orthologs thereof).
+ STX1a-STX1b-SNAP25-RAB3a-SYT1-VAMP2 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta3 integrin-CD47 complex
+
+
+ ITGB3-ITGAV-CD47 complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to CD47 (also known as IAP).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin polymerization-dependent cell motility
+
+ biological_process
+ A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell powered by the continuous polymerization of actin at one pole of the cell.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell motility by actin tail formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin polymerization-dependent cell motility involved in migration of symbiont within host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ A process involved in the controlled movement of a bacterial cell within a host cell, powered by the continuous polymerization of host actin at one pole of the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ migration of symbiont within host by polymerization of host actin
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directional movement of an organism, usually a bacterial cell, from one place to another within its host organism, by a process involving continuous polymerization of host actin at one pole of the symbiont cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hepatocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ liver cell differentiation
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a hepatocyte. A hepatocyte is specialized epithelial cell that is organized into interconnected plates called lobules, and is the main structural component of the liver.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
+ regulation of liver cell differentiation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of liver cell differentiation
+ inhibition of hepatocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ down regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
+ downregulation of hepatocyte differentiation
+ Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
+ down-regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hepatocyte differentiation.
+ up-regulation of hepatocyte differentiation
+ stimulation of hepatocyte differentiation
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of liver cell differentiation
+ activation of hepatocyte differentiation
+ upregulation of hepatocyte differentiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ beta-catenin-TCF4 complex
+ A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular heat acclimation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that increases heat tolerance of a cell in response to high temperatures.
+ cellular thermotolerance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+
+ ERK1/2 cascade
+ MAPK1 cascade
+ A cascade of protein kinase activities, culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of either the ERK1 or ERK2 kinases, which in turn are a subfamily of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases.
+ ERK2 cascade
+ ERK cascade
+ Note that this MAPKKK cascade is commonly referred to as the ERK pathway in the literature, but involves only ERK1 or ERK2, not other ERK kinases.
+ MAPK3 cascade
+ biological_process
+ ERK1 and ERK2 signaling pathway
+ ERK1 and ERK2 signalling pathway
+ ERK1 cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signalling pathway
+ regulation of ERK cascade
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
+ regulation of ERK2 cascade
+ regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signaling pathway
+ regulation of MAPK3 cascade
+ regulation of ERK1 cascade
+ regulation of ERK1/2 cascade
+ regulation of MAPK1 cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ERK2 cascade
+ down regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+ downregulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+ negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of MAPK1 cascade
+ negative regulation of ERK1 cascade
+ inhibition of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+ negative regulation of ERK cascade
+ down-regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+ negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signalling pathway
+ negative regulation of MAPK3 cascade
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
+ negative regulation of ERK1/2 cascade
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 signalling pathway
+ up-regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+ positive regulation of ERK2 cascade
+ positive regulation of ERK cascade
+ positive regulation of MAPK3 cascade
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+ positive regulation of MAPK1 cascade
+ activation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+ upregulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
+ positive regulation of ERK1 cascade
+ up regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
+ positive regulation of ERK1/2 cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BMK cascade
+
+ BMK signalling pathway
+ A cascade of protein kinase activities, culminating in the phosphorylation and activation of big MAP kinase (BMK1/ERK5), which is a type of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase.
+ ERK5 signaling pathway
+ ERK5 cascade
+ biological_process
+ BMK1 cascade
+ BMK signaling pathway
+ MAPK7 cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of BMK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ERK5 signaling pathway
+ regulation of BMK signaling pathway
+ regulation of MAPK7 cascade
+ regulation of BMK1 cascade
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the BMK cascade.
+ regulation of BMK signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ regulation of ERK5 cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of BMK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of BMK cascade
+ down regulation of BMK cascade
+ negative regulation of BMK signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the BMK cascade.
+ inhibition of BMK cascade
+ negative regulation of ERK5 cascade
+ negative regulation of BMK signaling pathway
+ negative regulation of BMK1 cascade
+ negative regulation of MAPK7 cascade
+ downregulation of BMK cascade
+ negative regulation of ERK5 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of BMK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ stimulation of BMK cascade
+ up-regulation of BMK cascade
+ positive regulation of MAPK7 cascade
+ positive regulation of BMK1 cascade
+ positive regulation of BMK signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of BMK signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the BMK cascade.
+ positive regulation of ERK5 cascade
+ up regulation of BMK cascade
+ positive regulation of ERK5 signaling pathway
+ activation of BMK cascade
+ upregulation of BMK cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endosome to plasma membrane transport vesicle
+
+ A transport vesicle that mediates transport from the endosome to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
+ endosome-plasma membrane transport vesicle
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exocytic vesicle
+
+ cellular_component
+ exocytotic vesicle
+ A transport vesicle that mediates transport from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane, and fuses with the plasma membrane to release various cargo molecules, such as proteins or hormones, by exocytosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA cytosine deamination
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of an amino group from a cytosine residue in DNA, forming a uracil residue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Harderian gland development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the Harderian gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Harderian gland is an anterior orbital structure usually associated with the nictitating membrane, and produces and secretes a variety of substances to the eye, depending upon the species.
+ biological_process
+ Note that the Harderian gland is found in all terrestrial vertebrate groups, including amphibia, reptiles, birds, and mammals. However, it appears to be absent in certain mammals such as bats, cows, horses, and higher primates. Though largely absent in the adult human, it is present in the fetal and neonatal stages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ egasyn-beta-glucuronidase complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains beta-glucuronidase and the carboxyl esterase egasyn; formation of the complex causes beta-glucuronidase to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(I) type
+
+ procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(I) type
+ prolyl 4-hydroxylase complex (alpha(I)-type)
+ A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type I isoform; its activity is readily inhibited by poly(L-proline).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(II) type
+
+ A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type II isoform; its activity is inhibited by poly(L-proline) only at high concentrations.
+ procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(II) type
+ prolyl 4-hydroxylase complex (alpha(II)-type)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(III) type
+
+ procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase complex, alpha(III) type
+ prolyl 4-hydroxylase complex (alpha(III)-type)
+ A procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase complex that contains alpha subunits of the type III isoform.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding
+
+ chaperone co-factor-dependent protein refolding
+ biological_process
+ The process of assisting in the restoration of the biological activity of an unfolded or misfolded protein, which is dependent on additional protein cofactors. This process occurs over one or several cycles of nucleotide hydrolysis-dependent binding and release.
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transcription export complex 2
+
+
+ TREX-2 complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that couples SAGA-dependent gene expression to mRNA export at the inner side of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The TREX-2 complex is tethered to the inner side of the NPC via the nucleoporins Nup1 and Nup60; in S. cerevisiae it contains Sac3p, Thp1p, Sus1p and Cdc31p.
+ Sac3-Thp1-Sus1-Cdc31 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to lipoteichoic acid
+
+ biological_process
+ response to LTA
+ A change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a of lipoteichoic acid stimulus; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of lipoteichoic acid
+
+
+ The series of events in which a lipoteichoic acid stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal; lipoteichoic acid is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
+ biological_process
+ detection of LTA
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ teichoic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ teichoic acid degradation
+ teichoic acid breakdown
+ teichoic acid catabolism
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoteichoic acid metabolic process
+
+ lipoteichoic acid metabolism
+ LTA metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoteichoic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ biological_process
+ lipoteichoic acid synthesis
+ lipoteichoic acid formation
+ lipoteichoic acid anabolism
+ LTA biosynthetic process
+ lipoteichoic acid biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lipoteichoic acid catabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipoteichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a chain of glycerol-phosphate repeating units linked to a glycolipid anchor.
+ lipoteichoic acid breakdown
+ biological_process
+ lipoteichoic acid degradation
+ lipoteichoic acid catabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wall teichoic acid metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
+ biological_process
+ WTA metabolic process
+ wall teichoic acid metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wall teichoic acid biosynthetic process
+
+
+ wall teichoic acid formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
+ wall teichoic acid anabolism
+ wall teichoic acid synthesis
+ biological_process
+ wall teichoic acid biosynthesis
+ WTA biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wall teichoic acid catabolic process
+
+ wall teichoic acid catabolism
+ wall teichoic acid degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of wall teichoic acid, which is a major component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria and typically consists of a polymer of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and D-alanyl ester residues and which is covalently linked to peptidoglycan.
+ wall teichoic acid breakdown
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ teichoic acid D-alanylation
+
+ biological_process
+ teichoic acid alanylation
+ The formation of a D-alanyl ester of teichoic acid. Alanylation of teichoic acids modulates the properties of the bacterial cell wall and modulates the inflammatory properties of the teichoic acid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oxidation-dependent protein catabolic process
+
+ oxidation-dependent protein breakdown
+ oxidation-dependent protein degradation
+ biological_process
+ oxidation-dependent protein catabolism
+ oxidation-dependent proteolysis
+ oxidized protein catabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the oxidation of one or more amino acid residues in the protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbamoyl phosphate metabolic process
+
+ carbamoyl phosphate metabolism
+ UM-BBD_pathwayID:bzn
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ carbamoyl phosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ carbamoyl phosphate anabolism
+ carbamoyl phosphate biosynthesis
+ carbamoyl phosphate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of carbamoyl phosphate, an intermediate in the urea cycle and other nitrogen compound metabolic pathways.
+ carbamyl phosphate biosynthetic process
+ carbamoyl phosphate synthesis
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trehalose metabolism in response to stress
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
+ trehalose metabolic process involved in response to stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trehalose metabolism in response to heat stress
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
+ biological_process
+ trehalose metabolic process involved in response to heat stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trehalose metabolism in response to cold stress
+
+
+ trehalose metabolic process involved in response to cold stress
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trehalose metabolism in response to water deprivation
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving trehalose that occur as a result of deprivation of water.
+ biological_process
+ trehalose metabolic process involved in response to water deprivation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to cold
+
+
+ cellular response to cold stress
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA-dependent protein kinase complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-end-binding complex
+ DNA-PK complex
+ A protein complex that is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nonhomologous end joining complex
+
+
+ non-homologous end joining complex
+ cellular_component
+ NHEJ complex
+ A protein complex that plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Such complexes typically contain a specialized DNA ligase (e.g. Lig4 in eukaryotes) and one or more proteins that bind to DNA ends.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ku-DNA ligase complex
+
+ A nonhomologous end joining complex that contains one or more Ku monomers and one or more DNA ligase molecules from the LigC or LigD family, and mediates nonhomologous end joining in bacteria.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA ligase III-XRCC1 complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III and XRCC1, and is involved in base excision repair.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G-protein beta/gamma-Raf-1 complex
+
+
+ G protein complex (GNG2, GNB2L1, RAF1)
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex formed by the association of the serine-threonine protein kinase Raf-1 with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.
+ See also the cellular component term 'heterotrimeric G-protein complex ; GO:0005834'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway
+
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) protein.
+ biological_process
+ nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signalling pathway
+ NOD signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
+ regulation of NOD signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NOD signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) pathway.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of NOD signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway
+
+ nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signalling pathway
+ NOD1 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signalling pathway
+ regulation of NOD1 signaling pathway
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of NOD1 signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of NOD1 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 signalling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1 (NOD1) pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signalling pathway
+ NOD2 signaling pathway
+ Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signalling pathway
+ regulation of NOD2 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
+ negative regulation of NOD2 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) pathway.
+ positive regulation of NOD2 signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Shc-EGFR complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Shc-Egfr complex, EGF stimulated
+ A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Grb2-EGFR complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Grb2, and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
+ Grb2-Egfr complex, EGF stimulated
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Grb2-Shc complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the adaptor protein Shc, and is involved in linking epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
+ Grb2-Shc complex, EGF stimulated
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mTOR-FKBP12 complex
+
+
+ Fkbp1a-Frap1 complex
+ A protein complex that contains the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) serine/threonine kinase and the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP12 (FKBP1A).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mad-Max-mSin3A complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3A, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mad-Max-mSin3B complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transcriptional repressor complex that contains a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max, plus mSin3B, a homolog of the yeast Sin3p.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ G-protein beta/gamma-Btk complex
+
+
+ See also the cellular component term 'heterotrimeric G-protein complex ; GO:0005834'.
+ G protein complex (BTK, GNG1, GNG2)
+ A protein complex formed by the association of the Bruton tyrosine protein kinase Btk, which is implicated in mammalian X-linked immunodeficiencies, with the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein.
+ cellular_component
+ G protein complex (Btk, Gng2, Gnb1)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex
+
+ An integrin complex that comprises one alphaIIb subunit and one beta3 subunit.
+ ITGA2B-ITGB3 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Mad-Max complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transcriptional repressor complex that consists of a heterodimer of the bHLH-ZIP proteins Mad and Max.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The multiplication or reproduction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. Oligodendrocyte progenitors give rise to oligodendrocytes, which form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system.
+ biological_process
+ oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation.
+ positive regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elongin complex
+
+ elongin (SIII) complex
+ See also the cellular component terms 'cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex ; GO:0019907' and 'DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme ; GO:0016591'.
+ cellular_component
+ A transcription elongation factor complex that suppresses RNA polymerase II pausing, and may act by promoting proper alignment of the 3'-end of nascent transcripts with the polymerase catalytic site. Consists of a transcriptionally active Elongin A subunit (abut 100 kDa)and two smaller Elongin B (about 18 kDa) and Elongin C (about 15 kDa)subunits.
+ transcription elongation factor SIII complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin4-interleukin-4 receptor complex
+
+
+ IL4-IL4 receptor complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that is formed by the association of a heterodimeric interleukin-4 receptor complex with an interleukin-4 molecule.
+ goslim_pir
+ IL4-IL4R-IL2RG complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell hair
+
+ non-sensory hair
+ cellular_component
+ A long, thin cell projection that contains F-actin and tubulin, with microtubules centrally located and F-actin peripherally located.
+ imaginal disc-derived wing hair
+ goslim_pir
+ Wikipedia:Membrane_nanotube
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis
+ upregulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
+ activation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
+ up-regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
+ stimulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of ergosterol anabolism
+ positive regulation of ergosterol synthesis
+ positive regulation of ergosterol formation
+ up regulation of ergosterol biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ergosterol.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of heme biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of heme anabolism
+ regulation of heme biosynthesis
+ regulation of haem biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of heme formation
+ regulation of haem biosynthetic process
+ regulation of heme synthesis
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of heme biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of heme formation
+ negative regulation of heme biosynthesis
+ down regulation of heme biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of heme biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of heme synthesis
+ down-regulation of heme biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of heme biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of haem biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
+ negative regulation of heme anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of heme biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stimulation of heme biosynthetic process
+ activation of heme biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of heme synthesis
+ positive regulation of heme anabolism
+ up regulation of heme biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of heme biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ upregulation of heme biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of haem biosynthetic process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of heme.
+ up-regulation of heme biosynthetic process
+ positive regulation of heme formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular detoxification of nitrogen compound
+
+
+ Any cellular process that reduces or removes the toxicity of nitrogenous compounds which are dangerous or toxic. This includes the aerobic conversion of toxic compounds to harmless substances.
+ biological_process
+ cellular detoxification of nitrogenous compound
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prolactin secretion
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of prolactin, a peptide hormone that stimulates lactation, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion
+
+ thyroid stimulating hormone secretion
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of thyroid-stimulating hormone, a peptide hormone that stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland, from secretory granules in the anterior pituitary.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SAGA-type complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A histone acetyltransferase complex that acetylates nucleosomal H3 and H2B and is required for the expression of a subset of Pol II-transcribed genes. The budding yeast complex includes the acetyltransferase Gcn5p, several proteins of the Spt and Ada families, and several TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins.
+ SAGA family complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plus-end specific microtubule depolymerization
+
+ The removal of tubulin heterodimers from the plus end of a microtubule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphav-beta3 integrin-collagen alpha3(VI) complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that consists of an alphav-beta3 integrin complex bound to the alpha3 chain of type VI collagen; the integrin binds most strongly to unfolded collagen.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha1-beta1 integrin-alpha3(VI) complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ ITGA1-ITGB1-COL6A3 complex
+ A protein complex that consists of an alpha1-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type VI collagen triple helix containing an alpha3(VI) chain.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha2-beta1 integrin-alpha3(VI) complex
+
+
+ ITGA2-ITGB1-COL6A3 complex
+ A protein complex that consists of an alpha2-beta1 integrin complex bound to a type VI collagen triple helix containing an alpha3(VI) chain.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RC-1 DNA recombination complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains DNA ligase III, DNA polymerase epsilon, a 5'-3' exonuclease, and the SMC1 and SMC2 proteins, and is involved in recombinational repair of deletions and gaps in DNA.
+ DNA recombination complex RC-1
+ RC-1 complex (recombination complex 1)
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dentine secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The regulated release by odontoblasts of the extracellular matrix constituents, including collagen, that form the basis of dentine.
+ biological_process
+ dentin secretion
+ predentin secretion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ respiratory chain
+
+ The protein complexes that form the electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with a cell membrane, usually the plasma membrane (in prokaryotes) or the inner mitochondrial membrane (on eukaryotes). The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
+ membrane electron transport chain
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ plasma membrane respiratory chain
+
+
+ plasma membrane electron transport chain
+ A respiratory chain located in the plasma membrane of a cell; made up of the protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain), associated with the plasma membrane. The respiratory chain complexes transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor and are associated with a proton pump to create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uterine smooth muscle contraction
+
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby force is generated within smooth muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the uterus. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The uterus is a muscular organ of the female mammal for containing and usually for nourishing the young during development prior to birth.
+ myometrial contraction
+ myometrium contraction
+ myometrial smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
+ regulation of myometrial contraction
+ biological_process
+ regulation of myometrium contraction
+ regulation of myometrial smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of myometrial smooth muscle contraction
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
+ down regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+ negative regulation of myometrium contraction
+ biological_process
+ down-regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+ inhibition of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+ negative regulation of myometrial contraction
+ uterine smooth muscle relaxation
+ downregulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of myometrium contraction
+ upregulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+ activation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+ stimulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+ up regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+ up-regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction
+ positive regulation of myometrial contraction
+ positive regulation of myometrial smooth muscle contraction
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uterine smooth muscle contraction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA base methylation
+
+ The addition of a methyl group to an atom in the nucleoside base portion of a nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rRNA (guanine-N7)-methylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The addition of a methyl group to the N7 atom in the base portion of a guanine nucleotide residue in an rRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endospore core
+
+ cellular_component
+ An intracellular part that represents the innermost portion of an endospore; the endospore core is dehydrated, enriched in dipicolinic acid and divalent cations, and metabolically inactive.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
+
+
+
+ 3'-5' nonsense-mediated decay
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolism, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA breakdown, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
+ 3'-5' nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 3' end is not protected by a 3'-poly(A) tail; degradation proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction.
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA degradation, 3'-5' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
+ 3'-5' NMD
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
+
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the nuclear-transcribed mRNA transcript body of an mRNA in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; occurs when the 5' end is not protected by a 5'-cap; degradation proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.
+ 5'-3' nonsense-mediated decay
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA degradation, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA breakdown, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolism, 5'-3' exonucleolytic nonsense-mediated decay
+ 5'-3' nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
+ 5'-3' NMD
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process involved in deadenylation-independent decay
+
+
+ exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA degradation involved in deadenylation-independent decay
+ exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA breakdown involved in deadenylation-independent decay
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that occurs when the ends are not protected by the 5'-cap.
+ biological_process
+ exonucleolytic nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolism involved in deadenylation-independent decay
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, non-stop decay
+
+ non-stop mRNA decay
+ biological_process
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA degradation, non-stop decay
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the transcript body of a nuclear-transcribed mRNA that is lacking a stop codon.
+ nonstop mRNA decay
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA breakdown, non-stop decay
+ nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolism, non-stop decay
+ non-stop decay
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to oxygen levels
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detection of hypoxia
+
+
+ biological_process
+ detection of reduced oxygen levels
+ The series of events in which a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.
+ dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone biosynthetic process
+
+
+ dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone anabolism
+ dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone formation
+ dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone synthesis
+ dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, the gamma-lactone (5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2(5H)-one.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ leukocyte aggregation
+
+
+ white blood cell aggregation
+ leucocyte aggregation
+ The adhesion of one leukocyte to one or more other leukocytes via adhesion molecules.
+ immune cell aggregation
+ white corpuscle aggregation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monocyte aggregation
+
+ biological_process
+ mononuclear phagocyte aggregation
+ The adhesion of one monocyte to one or more other monocytes via adhesion molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neutrophil aggregation
+
+ neutrocyte aggregation
+ The adhesion of one neutrophil to one or more other neutrophils via adhesion molecules.
+ neutrophil leucocyte aggregation
+ biological_process
+ neutrophilic leukocyte aggregation
+ neutrophil leukocyte aggregation
+ neutrophilic leucocyte aggregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T cell aggregation
+
+ biological_process
+ T lymphocyte aggregation
+ T-lymphocyte aggregation
+ T-cell aggregation
+ The adhesion of one T cell to one or more other T cells via adhesion molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein pupylation
+
+
+ pupylation
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a Pup protein is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of Pup and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
+ Pup-protein conjugation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thrombin receptor signaling pathway
+
+ biological_process
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ thrombin receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thrombin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a thrombin receptor signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of thrombin receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of thrombin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of thrombin receptor signalling pathway
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of thrombin receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thrombin receptor protein signaling pathway activity. A thrombin receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a thrombin receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of thrombin receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway
+
+ IL-1 alpha-mediated signaling pathway
+ interleukin-1 alpha-mediated signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ IL-1 beta-mediated signaling pathway
+ A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of interleukin-1 binding to a cell surface receptor.
+ IL-1-mediated signaling pathway
+ interleukin-1-mediated signalling pathway
+ interleukin-1 beta-mediated signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exosporium assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of an exosporium, the outermost layer of a bacterial endospore.
+ exosporium formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ poly-gamma-glutamate metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.
+ poly-gamma-glutamate metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ poly-gamma-glutamate formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds.
+ poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ poly-gamma-glutamate anabolism
+ poly-gamma-glutamate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ capsule poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process
+
+
+ capsule poly-gamma-glutamate formation
+ capsule poly-gamma-glutamate anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of poly-gamma-glutamate, a polymer of D- and/or L-glutamic acid residues linked by gamma-peptidyl bonds, that forms all or part of a bacterial capsule.
+ capsular poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthetic process
+ capsule poly-gamma-glutamate synthesis
+ biological_process
+ capsule poly-gamma-glutamate biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ selenium-containing prosthetic group metabolic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.
+ selenium-containing prosthetic group metabolism
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ selenium-containing prosthetic group biosynthetic process
+
+
+ selenium-containing prosthetic group synthesis
+ biological_process
+ selenium-containing prosthetic group anabolism
+ selenium-containing prosthetic group formation
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a prosthetic group that contains selenium, as in the selenium-dependent molybdenum hydroxylases. The selenium atom in the prosthetic group is required for enzymatic function but is labile to a variety of treatments.
+ selenium-containing prosthetic group biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pollen coat
+
+ A layer of extracellular matrix deposited onto the surface of the pollen wall upon disintegration of the tapetal layer of the anther wall in the late stages of pollen development. The composition of this material is highly heterogeneous and includes waxes, lipid droplets, small aromatic molecules, and proteins. The pollen coat is proposed to have many functions, such as holding pollen in the anther until dispersal, facilitation of pollen dispersal, protection of pollen from water loss and UV radiation, and facilitation of adhesion of pollen to the stigma.
+ tryphine
+ cellular_component
+ pollenkitt
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of microtubule dynamics
+ regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organisation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising microtubules and their associated proteins.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cholesterol import
+
+ The directed movement of cholesterol into a cell or organelle.
+ biological_process
+ cholesterol uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium ion import
+
+
+ The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
+ calcium ion uptake
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down-regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
+ down regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
+ inhibition of histone H4-K20 methylation
+ downregulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activation of histone H4-K20 methylation
+ biological_process
+ up regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
+ up-regulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 20 of histone H4.
+ upregulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
+ stimulation of histone H4-K20 methylation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SRF-myogenin-E12 complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A transcription factor complex that contains the serum response factor (SRF) and the basic helix-loop-helix proteins myogenin and E12, and is involved in activating transcription of muscle-specific genes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphaIIb-beta3 integrin-talin complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that consists of an alphaIIb-beta3 integrin complex bound to talin.
+ ITGA2b-ITGB3-TLN1 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CAK-ERCC2 complex
+
+
+ cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme-ERCC2 complex
+ A protein complex formed by the association of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase (CAK) holoenzyme complex with ERCC2.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA replication factor C core complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ A protein complex containing three of the five subunits of eukaryotic replication factor C, those corresponding to human p40, p38, and p37.
+ goslim_pir
+ RFC core complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD53 complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD53, a member of the tetraspan family.
+ ITGA4-ITGB1-CD53 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD63 complex
+
+
+ ITGA4-ITGB1-CD63 complex
+ A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD81 complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD81, a member of the tetraspan family.
+ cellular_component
+ ITGA4-ITGB1-CD81 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha4-beta1 integrin-CD82 complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that consists of an alpha4-beta1 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD82, a member of the tetraspan family.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ERCC4-ERCC1 complex
+
+ XPF-ERCC1 complex
+ cellular_component
+ Note that process and function information are included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
+ A heterodimeric protein complex that has endonuclease activity specific for bubble structures characteristic of certain DNA lesions. The subunits are known as XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1 in mammals, and Rad1p and Rad10p in S. cerevisiae.
+ Rad1-Rad10 complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ threonylcarbamoyladenosine metabolic process
+
+ threonylcarbamoyladenosine metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
+ t6A metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ t6A metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthetic process
+
+
+ threonylcarbamoyladenosine biosynthesis
+ threonylcarbamoyladenosine anabolism
+ t6A biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of threonylcarbamoyladenosine, a modified nucleoside found in some tRNA molecules.
+ threonylcarbamoyladenosine synthesis
+ threonylcarbamoyladenosine formation
+ t6A biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ platelet aggregation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blood platelet aggregation
+ thrombocyte aggregation
+ biological_process
+ The adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein kinase C signaling cascade
+
+ A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase C, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
+ biological_process
+ protein kinase C signalling cascade
+ PKC signaling cascade
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BRCA1-A complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, RAP80/UIMC1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45, FAM175A/CCDC98/Abraxas and MERIT40/NBA1, and specifically recognizes and binds K63-linked polyubiquitin chains present on histone H2A and H2AX at DNA damage sites.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BRCA1-B complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, BACH1 and TopBP1, and binds to DNA during S phase at DNA damage sites.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BRCA1-C complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer, CtIP and Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 (M/R/N) complex, and binds to DNA at DNA damage sites. BRCA1-C binding ta damaged DNA is required for DNA damage-induced Chk1 phosphorylation and the G2/M transition checkpoint.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein K63-linked ubiquitination
+
+ biological_process
+ A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2A K63-linked ubiquitination
+
+
+ biological_process
+ A histone ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein K63-linked deubiquitination
+
+ biological_process
+ A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H2A K63-linked deubiquitination
+
+
+ A protein deubiquitination process in which a K63-linked ubiquitin chain, i.e. a polymer of ubiquitin formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is removed from a lysine residue in histone H2A or the variant H2AX.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to platinum
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platinum stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to fatty acid
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to linoleic acid
+
+ response to linoleate
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a linoleic acid stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ histone H3-K36 demethylation
+
+ H3K36 demethylation
+ The modification of histone H3 by the removal of a methyl group from lysine at position 36 of the histone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PeBoW complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that is involved in coordinating ribosome biogenesis with cell cycle progression. In human, it is composed of Pes1, Bop1, and WDR12; in Saccharomyces the proteins are known as Nop7p, Erb1 and Ytm1 respectively.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA interference, negative regulation of translation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RNA interference, inhibition of translation
+ A process of negative regulation of translation that is mediated by the association of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with a cognate target mRNA.
+ RNA interference, down-regulation of translation
+ RNA interference, down regulation of translation
+ RNA interference, downregulation of translation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rDNA condensation
+
+ biological_process
+ The cell cycle process whereby the chromatin structure of the rDNA repeats is compacted. In S. cerevisiae, condensation and resolution of the rDNA occurs during anaphase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ BRISC complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex that contains the FAM175B/ABRO1, BRCC3/BRCC36, BRE/BRCC45 and MERIT40/NBA1 proteins, and specifically cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-3-complexin complex
+
+ Stx3-Snap25-Vamp2-Cplx1 complex
+ SNARE complex (Stx3, Snap25, Vamp2, Cplx1)
+ A SNARE complex that contains synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2), SNAP-25, syntaxin 3, and a complexin (or orthologs thereof).
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to interleukin-1
+
+ response to IL-1
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ TAF4B-containing transcription factor TFIID complex
+
+ TFIID complex, B-cell specific
+ cellular_component
+ A transcription factor TFIID complex that contains the TBP-associated factor TAF4B (also known as TAFII105 in human), a cell-type-specific variant of TAF4.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PCNA-p21 complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 bound to PCNA; formation of the complex inhibits DNA replication.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alphaM-beta2 integrin-CD63 complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that consists of an alphaM-beta2 integrin complex bound to membrane protein CD63, a member of the tetraspan family.
+ ITGAM-ITGB2-CD63 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lysosomal multienzyme complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GALNS-lysosomal hydrolase 1.27 MDa complex
+ cellular_component
+ A protein complex found in the lysosome that contains beta-galactosidase, cathepsin A, alpha-neuraminidase and N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase, and is involved in glycosaminoglycan catabolism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein secretion by platelet
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The regulated release of proteins by a platelet or group of platelets.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+ VDR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ vitamin D receptor signalling pathway
+ The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a vitamin D receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ regulation of vitamin D receptor signalling pathway
+ regulation of VDR signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of VDR signaling pathway
+ downregulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of VDR signalling pathway
+ down-regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+ inhibition of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+ down regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+ negative regulation vitamin D receptor signalling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
+ positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signalling pathway
+ activation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+ positive regulation of VDR signaling pathway
+ upregulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+ stimulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telomere-telomerase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term can be used in place of the obsolete cellular component term 'telomere ; GO:0005696'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific protein complex and not a region of the chromosome.
+ cellular_component
+ goslim_pir
+ gosubset_prok
+ A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that enables replication of the telomeric repeat sequences at the end of a linear chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of neuron projection regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of neuron projection regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of neuron projection regeneration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron projection regeneration, the regrowth of neuronal processes such as axons or dendrites following their loss or damage.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmembrane cadmium ion transport
+
+
+ A process whereby a cadmium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
+ biological_process
+ transmembrane cadmium transport
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peptide mating pheromone maturation involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
+
+
+ mating-type peptide pheromone maturation involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
+ peptide mating pheromone processing involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
+ The formation of a mature peptide mating pheromone by proteolysis and/or modification of a peptide precursor, occurring in the context of pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation.
+ peptide mating pheromone formation involved in pheromone-induced unidirectional conjugation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ RISC-loading complex
+
+ RLC
+ microRNA loading complex
+ A trimeric ribonucleoprotein complex that and is required for the formation of a mature RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). In humans the complex is composed of the endonuclease Dicer (DICER1) and TRBP (TARBP2) in association with the Argonaute protein Ago2 (EIF2C2/AGO2). Within the complex, Dicer and TRBP are required to process precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) to mature miRNAs and then load them onto Ago2. Ago2 bound to the mature miRNA constitutes the minimal RISC and may subsequently dissociate from Dicer and TRBP.
+ cellular_component
+ miRLC
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ base J metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving base J (beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil), a hypermodified thymidine residue found in the genome of kinetoplastid parasites. This modified base is localized primarily to repetitive DNA, namely the telomeres, and is implicated in the regulation of antigenic variation. The base is synthesized in a two-step pathway. Initially, a thymidine residue in DNA is hydroxylated by a thymidine hydroxylase (TH) to form the intermediate hydroxymethyluracil, which is then glucosylated to form base J.
+ beta-D-glucosyl-HOMedU metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ beta-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil metabolism
+ base J metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rolling circle DNA replication
+
+ rolling circle replication
+ biological_process
+ A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a single-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template. Replication typically does not cease when one circumference has been replicated, but continues around the circumference several more times, producing a long single strand comprising multimers of the replicon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ theta DNA replication
+
+ A DNA-dependent DNA replication process in which a double-stranded DNA molecule is synthesized from a circular duplex template.
+ theta replication
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore membrane bending pathway
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a bending force is generated in the prospore membrane to form the characteristic curved shape of the prospore.
+ ascospore-type prospore membrane bending
+ forespore membrane bending
+ biological_process
+ FSM bending
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mitochondrion morphogenesis
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ The process by which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein localization in mitochondrion
+
+ biological_process
+ A process by which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the mitochondrion.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ This term was added by GO_REF:0000021.
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of one cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell-cell adhesion involved in gastrulation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell affecting gastrulation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transmembrane calcium ion transport
+
+
+ transmembrane calcium transport
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ A process whereby a calcium ion is transported from one side of a membrane to the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular component macromolecule biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular component macromolecule biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule that is destined to form part of a specific cellular component.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore wall biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which a spore wall is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together. A spore wall is the specialized cell wall lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascospore wall biogenesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process by which an ascospore wall is synthesized, aggregates, and bonds together.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall polysaccharide biosynthetic process
+
+
+ cell wall polysaccharide synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a polysaccharide destined to form part of a cell wall.
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ cell wall polysaccharide anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dendrite self-avoidance
+
+ The process by which dendrites recognize and avoid contact with sister dendrites from the same cell.
+ biological_process
+ dendrite repulsion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
+
+ 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism
+ alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
+ biological_process
+ alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ alpha-1,3 glucan biosynthesis
+ alpha-1,3 glucan biosynthetic process
+ alpha-1,3 glucan formation
+ 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
+ 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis
+ alpha-1,3 glucan synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
+ alpha-1,3 glucan anabolism
+ 1,3-alpha-glucan formation
+ biological_process
+ 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
+
+ cell wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
+ cell wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
+ cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+ cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,3-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
+ cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan formation
+ cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan synthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan formation
+ cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthesis
+ cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism
+ cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
+ cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism
+ ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
+ gosubset_prok
+ ascospore wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
+ fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan formation
+ fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,3-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
+ fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthesis
+ fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan anabolism
+ fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan formation
+ fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
+ fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan synthesis
+ biological_process
+ fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
+
+ sister chromatid cohesion at centromere
+ The cell cycle process by which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the centromeric region of the chromosome.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region of a chromosome.
+ regulation of sister chromatid cohesion at centromere
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ SWI/SNF-type complex
+
+ A chromatin remodeling complex that contains an ortholog of the Saccharomyces ATPase Swi2/Snf2 as one of the core components.
+ SWI-SNF-type complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ PBAF complex
+
+ Polybromo- and BAF containing complex
+ A SWI/SNF-type complex that contains the ATPase product of the mammalian BAF180 gene.
+ cellular_component
+ SWI/SNF complex B
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
+ regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism
+ regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan synthesis
+ regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan anabolism
+ regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
+ regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan biosynthesis
+ regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism
+ regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan biosynthetic process
+ regulation of alpha-1,3 glucan formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
+ regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of 1,3-alpha-glucan formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
+ regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
+ regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan synthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan formation
+ regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan anabolism
+ regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
+ regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthesis
+ regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism
+ regulation of cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,3-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of cells.
+ regulation of cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolic process
+ regulation of ascospore wall alpha-1,3 glucan metabolism
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-1,3 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
+ regulation of ascospore wall 1,3-alpha-glucan metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthesis
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan biosynthetic process
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan synthesis
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan formation
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan synthesis
+ biological_process
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of 1,3-alpha-glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,3-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds, found in the walls of ascospores.
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall alpha-1,3-glucan anabolism
+ regulation of fungal-type cell wall 1,3-alpha-glucan anabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein processing
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein processing, the posttranslational modification of a protein leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of the protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tungstate ion transport
+
+ gosubset_prok
+ The directed movement of tungstate (WO4 2-) ions into, out of, within or between cells. Tungstate is a bivalent oxoanion of tungsten.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thiamin diphosphate anabolism
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of thiamin diphosphate biosynthesis
+ regulation of thiamin diphosphate formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamin diphosphate.
+ regulation of thiamin diphosphate synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of thiamin diphosphate biosynthesis
+ negative regulation of thiamin diphosphate synthesis
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamin diphosphate.
+ down regulation of thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process
+ biological_process
+ inhibition of thiamin diphosphate biosynthetic process
+ negative regulation of thiamin diphosphate anabolism
+ negative regulation of thiamin diphosphate formation
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Grb2-Sos complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
+ Grb2-mSos1 complex
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Shc-Grb2-Sos complex
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ Shc-Grb2-mSos1 complex, EGF stimulated
+ A protein complex that contains Grb2, the adaptor protein Shc and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ EGFR-Grb2-Sos complex
+
+
+ Egfr-Grb2-mSos1 complex, EGF stimulated
+ A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ EGFR-Shc-Grb2-Sos complex
+
+
+ A protein complex that contains the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Grb2, the adaptor protein SHC and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sos (or an ortholog thereof, such as mSos1), and is involved in linking EGFR activation to the p21-Ras pathway.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase complex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular_component
+ UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase complex
+ N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase complex
+ A protein complex that possesses UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase activity; the bovine complex contains disulfide-linked homodimers of 166- and 51-kDa subunits and two identical, noncovalently associated 56-kDa subunits.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thiamin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of thiamin biosynthesis
+ gosubset_prok
+ regulation of thiamin anabolism
+ regulation of thiamin formation
+ regulation of thiamin synthesis
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of thiamin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of thiamin.
+ negative regulation of thiamin biosynthesis
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ negative regulation of thiamin anabolism
+ negative regulation of thiamin formation
+ negative regulation of thiamin synthesis
+ down regulation of thiamin biosynthetic process
+ inhibition of thiamin biosynthetic process
+ down-regulation of thiamin biosynthetic process
+ downregulation of thiamin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zymogen granule exocytosis
+
+ The release of intracellular molecules contained within the zymogen granule by fusion of the granule with the plasma membrane of the oocyte, requiring calcium ions.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ferrous iron import
+
+
+ The directed movement of ferrous iron (Fe(II) or Fe2+) ions across a membrane into a cell or organelle.
+ ferrous ion import
+ biological_process
+ ferrous iron uptake
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,4-alpha-glucan metabolic process
+
+ alpha-1,4 glucan metabolism
+ alpha-1,4 glucan metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ 1,4-alpha-glucan metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving alpha-1,4 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1,4-alpha-glucan biosynthetic process
+
+
+ alpha-1,4 glucan anabolism
+ 1,4-alpha-glucan formation
+ 1,4-alpha-glucan biosynthesis
+ 1,4-alpha-glucan synthesis
+ alpha-1,4 glucan synthesis
+ alpha-1,4 glucan biosynthetic process
+ alpha-1,4 glucan formation
+ 1,4-alpha-glucan anabolism
+ alpha-1,4 glucan biosynthesis
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of alpha-1,4 glucans, compounds composed of glucose residues linked by 1,4-alpha-D-glucosidic bonds.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle pole body localization
+
+ Any process by which a spindle pole body is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
+ biological_process
+ establishment and maintenance of spindle pole body localization
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of spindle pole body localization
+
+
+ spindle pole body positioning
+ Any process by which a spindle pole body is transported to a specific location. A spindle pole body is a type of microtubule organizing center found in fungal cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transepithelial transport
+
+ The directed movement of a substance from one side of an epithelium to the other.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transepithelial ammonium transport
+
+
+ The directed movement of ammonium ions from one side of an epithelium to the other.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridine nucleoside metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ gosubset_prok
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
+ pyridine nucleoside metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pyridine nucleoside catabolic process
+
+ pyridine nucleoside breakdown
+ pyridine nucleoside degradation
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any pyridine nucleoside, a nucleoside in which a pyridine base covalently bonded to a sugar, usually ribose.
+ pyridine nucleoside catabolism
+ gosubset_prok
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin D2 metabolic process
+
+ ergocalciferol metabolic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D2, (3S,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol.
+ calciferol metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ vitamin D2 metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin D3 metabolic process
+
+ biological_process
+ vitamin D3 metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D3, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.
+ cholecalciferol metabolic process
+ calciol metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin D4 metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D4, (3S,5Z,7E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3-ol.
+ biological_process
+ vitamin D4 metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vitamin D5 metabolic process
+
+ vitamin D5 metabolism
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving vitamin D5, (1S,3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(1R,4S)-4-ethyl-1,5-dimethylhexyl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylene-1-cyclohexanol.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Ubisch body
+
+ A small, granular structure that is found in the extracellular matrix of cell of the secretory tapetal layer that surrounds developing pollen grains. Ubisch bodies have a sporopollenin coat, are attached to the peritapetal wall, and may play a role in pollen development.
+ cellular_component
+ orbicule
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein modification by small protein removal
+
+ A protein modification process by which one or more covalently attached moieties of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are removed from a target protein.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal
+
+ goslim_pombe
+ biological_process
+ A protein modification process by which one or more moieties of a small protein, such as ubiquitin or a ubiquitin-like protein, are covalently attached to or removed from a target protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formin-nucleated actin cable
+
+ actin cable (sensu Fungi)
+ cellular_component
+ actin cable (sensu Saccharomyces)
+ An actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments
+organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins. In fungal cells, myosin motors transport cargo along actin cables toward sites of polarized cell growth; actin cables may play a similar role in pollen tube growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formin-nucleated actin cable assembly
+
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a formin-nucleated actin cable. A formin-nucleated actin cable is an actin filament bundle that consists of short filaments organized into bundles of uniform polarity, and is nucleated by formins.
+ biological_process
+ formin-nucleated actin cable formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actin filament bundle distribution
+
+ biological_process
+ Any cellular process that establishes the spatial arrangement of actin filament bundles within the cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to host osmotic environment
+
+ response of symbiont to host osmotic environment
+ A change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the osmotic conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesion of symbiont infection structure to host
+
+ The attachment of an infection structure of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc., either directly or indirectly. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ adhesion of symbiont infection structure to host during symbiotic interaction
+ attachment of symbiont infection structure to host
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products of the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesion of symbiont germination tube to host
+
+ biological_process
+ adhesion of symbiont germination tube to host during symbiotic interaction
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The attachment of a germination tube of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesion of symbiont appressorium to host
+
+ The attachment of an appressorium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ adhesion of symbiont appressorium to host during symbiotic interaction
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesion of symbiont spore to host
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ adhesion of symbiont spore to host during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ The attachment of a spore of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules, general stickiness etc. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore germination on or near host
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of spore germination on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination on or near host, which is the physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of spore germination on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination on or near host, which is the physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of spore germination on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore germination on or near host, which is the physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ germ tube formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Development of slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most symbiont spores immediately following germination on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of germ tube formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of germ tube formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of germ tube formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of germ tube formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development of symbiont on or near host phyllosphere
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host phyllosphere. The host phyllosphere is defined as total above-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development of symbiont on or near host rhizosphere
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring on or near its host rhizosphere. The host rhizosphere is defined as total below-ground surfaces of a plant as a habitat for its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of infection structure on or near host
+
+
+ The process by which a symbiont structure that serves to infect the host is formed on or near its host organism. It includes physiological, developmental, and morphological changes of the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ formation by symbiont of infection structure on or near host
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products of the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ appressorium formation on or near host
+
+
+ formation of an appressorium by symbiont on or near host
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The process by which a swollen, flattened portion of a symbiont filament is formed on or near its host organism, to adhere to and for the purpose of penetrating the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ appressorium formation for entry into host, on or near host
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of appressorium formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of appressorium formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of appressorium formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcium or calmodulin-mediated activation of appressorium formation
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated activation of appressorium formation
+ Ca2+ or calmodulin-mediated activation of appressorium formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cAMP-mediated activation of appressorium formation
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cAMP mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ cyclic AMP mediated activation of appressorium formation
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ethylene-mediated activation of appressorium formation
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont ethylene-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MAPK-mediated regulation of appressorium formation
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated activation of appressorium formation
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phospholipase C-mediated activation of appressorium formation
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont phospholipase C-mediated signal transduction during appressorium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initiation of appressorium on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ appressorium initiation on or near host
+ biological_process
+ initiation of appressorium by symbiont on or near host
+ initiation of symbiont appressorium on or near host
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire specialized features of the symbiont appressorium to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of appressorium initiation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium initiation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of initiation of appressorium on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of appressorium initiation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ positive regulation of initiation of appressorium on or near host
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium initiation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of appressorium initiation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent symbiont appressorium initiation near or on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of initiation of appressorium on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of germ tube tip of symbiont on or near the exterior of host
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ The development of a swollen tip at the growing end of a symbiont spore which usually flattens against the host cell surface prior to appressorium formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure on or near host
+ modulation of germ tube tip of symbiont on or near the exterior of host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure on or near host
+ positive regulation of germ tube tip of symbiont on or near the exterior of host
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont germ tube hook structure formation on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation of germ tube tip of symbiont on or near the exterior of host
+ negative regulation of formation of symbiont germ tube hook structure on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ septum formation during appressorium formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a symbiont partition is formed to separate the appressorium from the germination tube, occurring on or near the exterior of its host organism during appressorium formation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nuclear division during appressorium formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The process by which nuclear division occurs within a symbiont spore during appressorium formation on or near the exterior of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturation of appressorium on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ appressorium maturation on or near host
+ maturation of symbiont appressorium on or near host
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The process whereby specialized features of the symbiont appressorium are acquired post initiation, to aid in infection of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of appressorium maturation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of maturation of appressorium on or near host
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium maturation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of appressorium maturation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation maturation of appressorium on or near host
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont appressorium maturation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of appressorium maturation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of maturation of appressorium on or near host
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent symbiont appressorium maturation in, near or on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ establishment of turgor in appressorium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of turgor in appressorium
+ The process whereby hydrostatic pressure is increased within the symbiont appressorium to breach the cuticle of the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ establishment of turgor in symbiont appressorium on or near host
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ generation of turgor in appressorium
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of establishment of turgor in appressorium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process modulates the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ regulation of turgor formation in appressorium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of establishment of turgor in appressorium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of establishment of turgor in appressorium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of turgor formation in the symbiont appressorium on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of turgor in appressorium by melanization
+
+
+ biological_process
+ melanization of appressorium to maintain turgor pressure
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The process whereby melanin is produced in the appressorium of the symbiont on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagy of host cells during interaction with symbiont
+
+ The process by which the host cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm during interaction with its symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products of host.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of formation by symbiont of haustorium for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall strengthening in symbiont during entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell wall thickening in symbiont during entry into host
+ A process whereby the cell wall of the symbiont is strengthened or thickened during penetration into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont cell wall strengthening during entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ entry into host via a specialized structure
+
+ entry into host via a specialized structure during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Penetration via a specialized structure of symbiont into the body, tissues, or cells of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of symbiont penetration peg for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The assembly by the symbiont of a peg-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism, which penetrates through the host cuticle and epidermal cell wall. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ initiation of symbiont penetration peg
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell of the symbiont starts to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg to penetrate into its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ symbiont penetration peg initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of symbiont penetration peg initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of penetration peg initiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell start to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg when the symbiont penetrates its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont penetration peg initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg initiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg during the symbiont penetrating into its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of symbiont penetration peg initiation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration peg initiation, the process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell starts to acquire the characteristics of a mature penetration peg during the symbiont penetrating into its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of symbiont invasive hypha within host
+
+ formation of symbiont invasive hypha within host during symbiotic interaction
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of invasive growth within its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ symbiont invasive hypha formation within host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont invasive hypha formation within host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development of symbiont in host cell
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's cell. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development of symbiont in host organelle
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's organelle. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development of symbiont in host intercellular space
+
+ The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's intercellular space. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth or development of symbiont in host vascular tissue
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ The increase in size or mass of symbiont, or the progression of the symbiont from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in its host's vascular tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesion of symbiont infection cushion to host
+
+ adhesion of symbiont infection cushion to host during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The attachment of an infection cushion of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesion of symbiont hyphopodium to host
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The attachment of a hyphopodium of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ adhesion of symbiont hyphopodium to host during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagy during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products of the organism involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm during a symbiotic interaction; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagy of symbiont cells during interaction with host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products of symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ The process by which symbiont cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm during interaction with its host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagy of symbiont cells on or near host surface
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products of symbiont.
+ The process by which symbiont cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, occurring when the symbiont is on or near its host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore autophagy during appressorium formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagy of spores during appressorium formation on or near host
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a symbiont spore digests parts of its own cytoplasm, occurring when the appressorium forms on or near the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity ; GO:0075106".
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity ; GO:0075107".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity ; GO:0075108".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075109".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The receptor is defined as a protein on the cell membrane or within the cytoplasm or cell nucleus that binds to a specific molecule (a ligand) such as a neurotransmitter or a hormone or other substance, and initiates the cellular response to the ligand. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075110".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075111".
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075112".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075113".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075114".
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction ; GO:0075115".
+ modulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+
+
+
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signaling
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction ; GO:0075116".
+ biological_process
+ promotion by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor protein activity involved in cAMP-mediated signal transduction
+ activation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+ upregulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+ stimulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+
+
+
+ downregulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+ inhibition by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction ; GO:0075117".
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction ; GO:0075118".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction ; GO:0075119".
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction ; GO:0075120".
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit ; GO:0075121".
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit ; GO:0075122".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
+
+
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit ; GO:0075123".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
+
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit ; GO:0075124".
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit ; GO:0075125".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
+
+
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit ; GO:0075126".
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit ; GO:0075127".
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit ; GO:0075128".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
+
+
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit ; GO:0075129".
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
+
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075130".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075131".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075132".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction pathway ; GO:0052078".
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075133".
+ modulation by host of symbiont Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075134".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075135".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity
+
+
+ Modulation by symbiont of host adenyl cyclase activity
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity ; GO:0075075".
+ Modulation by symbiont of host ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing) activity
+ Modulation by symbiont of host adenylylcyclase activity
+ Modulation by symbiont of host 3',5'-cyclic AMP synthetase activity
+ Modulation by symbiont of host cAMP generating peptide activity
+ Modulation by symbiont of host ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing ; 3',5'-cyclic-AMP-forming) activity
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Modulation by symbiont of host ATP pyrophosphate-lyase activity
+ biological_process
+ Modulation by symbiont of host adenylyl cyclase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which involves catalysis of the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Positive regulation by symbiont of host cAMP generating peptide activity
+ Positive regulation by symbiont of host ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing) activity
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity ; GO:0075076".
+ Positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylylcyclase activity
+ biological_process
+ Positive regulation by symbiont of host ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing ; 3',5'-cyclic-AMP-forming) activity
+ Positive regulation by symbiont of host ATP pyrophosphate-lyase activity
+ Positive regulation by symbiont of host 3',5'-cyclic AMP synthetase activity
+ Positive regulation by symbiont of host adenyl cyclase activity
+ Positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylyl cyclase activity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase activity
+
+
+
+ Negative regulation by symbiont of host ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing) activity
+ Negative regulation by symbiont of host cAMP generating peptide activity
+ Negative regulation by symbiont of host adenyl cyclase activity
+ Negative regulation by symbiont of host adenylyl cyclase activity
+ Negative regulation by symbiont of host 3',5'-cyclic AMP synthetase activity
+ Negative regulation by symbiont of host ATP pyrophosphate-lyase activity
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase activity ; GO:0075077".
+ Negative regulation by symbiont of host ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing ; 3',5'-cyclic-AMP-forming) activity
+ Negative regulation by symbiont of host adenylylcyclase activity
+ Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host adenylate cyclase activity, which catalyze the reaction: ATP = 3',5'-cyclic AMP + diphosphate. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075078".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The receptor is defined as a protein on the cell membrane or within the cytoplasm or cell nucleus that binds to a specific molecule (a ligand) such as a neurotransmitter or a hormone or other substance, and initiates the cellular response to the ligand. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075079".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by host of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075080".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075081".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075082".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075083".
+ Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction ; GO:0075084".
+ modulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signaling
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+
+
+
+ promotion by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction ; GO:0075085".
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signaling
+ upregulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+ activation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ stimulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+
+
+
+ inhibition by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by host of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction ; GO:0075086".
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signaling
+ downregulation by symbiont of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by host of symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction ; GO:0075087".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction ; GO:0075088".
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction
+
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by host of symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein signal transduction ; GO:0075089".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit ; GO:0075090".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit ; GO:0075091".
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein alpha subunit ; GO:0075092".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit ; GO:0075093".
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit ; GO:0075094".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein beta subunit ; GO:0075095".
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit ; GO:0075096".
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit ; GO:0075097".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the host signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by host of symbiont signal transduction mediated by G-protein gamma subunit ; GO:0075098".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075099".
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075100".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host protein kinase-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by host of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075101".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075103".
+ modulation by symbiont of host Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075104".
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "Negative regulation by host of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075105".
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to host
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ A change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ gosubset_prok
+ biological_process
+ response of symbiont to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to host redox environment
+
+ biological_process
+ response of symbiont to host redox environment
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ A change in state or activity of the symbiont organism or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting the redox environment in host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to host oxygen tension environment
+
+ response of symbiont to host oxygen tension environment
+ A change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting oxygen tension in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to host iron concentration
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ response of symbiont to host iron concentration
+ A change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting iron concentration in its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to host defense molecules
+
+ response of symbiont to host defense molecules
+ A change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detecting host defense molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host environment
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against the components of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host oxygen tension environment
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against oxygen tension environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host redox environment
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against redox environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host iron concentration
+
+
+ Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against iron concentration environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host defense molecules
+
+
+ Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against defense molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host osmotic environment
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against osmotic environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ regulation of symbiont signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of symbiont signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation of symbiont signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+ regulation of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation of symbiont receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ regulation of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ positive regulation of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ regulation of symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ positive regulation of symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein coupled receptor protein-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of symbiont G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of symbiont G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein alpha subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ regulation of symbiont G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation of symbiont G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation of symbiont G-protein beta subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ regulation of symbiont G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of symbiont G-protein gamma subunit-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ regulation of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation of symbiont protein kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ regulation of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation of symbiont MAP kinase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling in response to host
+
+
+ regulation of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ regulation of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ regulation of cAMP-mediated signalling in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling in response to host
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signalling in response to host
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling in response to host
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its cAMP-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signalling in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+ modulation of symbiont Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ modulation of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ positive regulation of symbiont Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting host molecules in, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ negative regulation of symbiont calcium or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of symbiont Ca++ or calmodulin-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transcription in response to host
+
+
+ regulation of symbiont transcription in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont transcription in response to host
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process by which an organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of symbiont transcription in response to host
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ Any process by which an organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its transcription as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ infection cushion formation on or near host
+
+ The process by which an organized mass of hyphae is formed on or near the host organism, and numerous infective hyphae develop from the hyphae mass. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of infection cushion formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of infection cushion formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of infection cushion formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont infection cushion formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyphopodium formation on or near host
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The process by which a specialized structure, consisted of stalked, thick-walled, lobed cells of vegetative epiphytic hyphae, is formed, to attach and penetrate the host surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of hyphopodium formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of hyphopodium formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of hyphopodium formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont hyphopodium formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autophagy of host cells on or near symbiont surface
+
+ The process by which the host cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm, occurring when the host is on or near its symbiont surface. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should be used to annotate gene products of host.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ haustorium mother cell formation on or near host
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The process by which a symbiont cell is formed on or near its host organism, via separated from the tip of an infection hypha by a septum. The haustorium mother cell usually contains 2-4 fungal nuclei, and its function is to attach and penetrate the host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of haustorium mother cell formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of haustorium mother cell formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of haustorium mother cell formation on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium mother cell formation on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesion of symbiont haustorium mother cell to host
+
+ biological_process
+ adhesion of symbiont haustorium mother cell to host during symbiotic interaction
+ The attachment of a haustorium mother cell of the symbiont to its host via adhesion molecules. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of symbiont haustorium neck for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The assembly by the symbiont of a neck-like structure for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. The neck-like structure connects haustorium mother cell and haustorium. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont haustorium neck formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation of symbiont penetration hypha for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The assembly by the symbiont of a threadlike, tubular structure, which may contain multiple nuclei and may or may not be divided internally by septa or cross-walls, for the purpose of penetration into its host organism. In the case of an appressorium existing, this term is defined in further details as the process by which the symbiont penetration peg expands to form a hypha which traverses the epidermal cell and emerges into the intercellular space of the mesophyll tissue. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont penetration hypha formation for entry into host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+ modulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signaling
+ regulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signaling
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The cAMP-mediated signal transduction is defined as a series of molecular signals in which a cell uses cyclic AMP to convert an extracellular signal into a response. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075208".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signaling
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075209".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075210".
+ negative regulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signaling
+ Any process by which the host organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075205".
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075206".
+ Any process by which the symbiont activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ positive regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signaling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "Negative regulation by host of symbiont cAMP-mediated signal transduction ; GO:0075207".
+ negative regulation by symbiont of host cAMP-mediated signaling
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cAMP-mediated signal transduction in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signaling in response to host
+
+
+ regulation of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in response to host
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in response to host
+ regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signalling in response to host
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ positive regulation of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ negative regulation of symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction in response to host
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont transmembrane receptor-mediated cAMP signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore encystment on host
+
+ The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont spore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of spore encystment on host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of spore encystment on host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of spore encystment on host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zoospore encystment on host
+
+ biological_process
+ The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont zoospore during the process of its encystment. Encystment means to enter a state of essentially suspended animation in which the spore is protected by an outer coating and remains immobile and inactive until favorable conditions for growth occur again. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of zoospore encystment on host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of zoospore encystment on host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of zoospore encystment on host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore encystment on host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporangium germination on or near host
+
+
+ The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in a symbiont sporangium following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth occurring on or near its host organism. A sporangium is a structure producing and containing spores. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ germination of symbiont sporangium on or near host
+ symbiont sporangium germination on or near host
+ direct germination on or near host
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of sporangium germination on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sporangium germination on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sporangium germination on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ encysted zoospore germination on or near host
+
+ The physiological, developmental and morphological changes that occur in the symbiont encysted zoospore, which is on or near its host organism and germinates by developing a germ tube that may penetrate the host directly or indirectly through an appresorium. An encysted zoospore is a zoospore which has shed its flagellum and whose membrane has fused to form a walled cyst. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of encysted zoospore germination on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of encysted zoospore germination on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of encysted zoospore germination on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of encysted zoospore germination on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore movement on or near host
+
+ Any process involved in the directed movement of a motile spore on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of spore movement on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of spore movement on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of spore movement on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zoospore movement on or near host
+
+ zoospore motility on or near host
+ biological_process
+ Any process involved in the directed movement of a zoospore on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of zoospore movement on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of zoospore motility on or near host
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of zoospore movement on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of zoospore movement on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore movement on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maintenance of symbiont tolerance to host pH environment
+
+
+ Any process that contributes to the maintenance of a physiologic state in which the symbiont immune system does not react destructively against pH environment of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zoospore formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile uninucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of zoospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process by which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile uninucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of zoospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process by which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile uninucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of zoospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zoospore formation, a process by which a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, and the meiotic products acquire specialized features of asexual motile uninucleate flagellated spores called zoospores.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oospore formation
+
+ The process by which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form an oospore, a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process by which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of oospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process by which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of oospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oospore formation, a process by which male and female gametangia develop and fuse to form a thick-walled resting spore of oomycetes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aeciospore formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of aeciospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process by which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of aeciospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process by which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of aeciospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aeciospore formation, a process by which a dikaryotic spore of typically a rust fungus is produced in an aecium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ureidospore formation
+
+ urediniospore formation
+ biological_process
+ The process which specific outcome is the formation of an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, produced in a structure called a uredinium; mostly found in the rust fungus.
+ uredospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ureidospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ureidospore formation, a process by which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ureidospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ureidospore formation, a process by which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ureidospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ teleutospore formation
+ teleutosporodesm formation
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ureidospore formation, a process by which an asexual, dikaryotic, often rusty-colored spore, is formed in a structure called a uredinium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ teliospore formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The processes leading to the formation of a thick-walled resting or over-wintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of teliospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or over-wintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of teliospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or overwintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of teliospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of teliospore formation, which is the formation of a thick-walled resting or overwintering spore produced by the rust fungi (Uredinales) and smut fungi (Ustilaginales) in which karyogamy occurs.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore-bearing organ development
+
+ fruiting structure development
+ The process by which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of spore-bearing organ development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process by which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of spore-bearing organ development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process by which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of spore-bearing organ development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of spore-bearing organ development, a process by which hyphae grow into special aggregates called fruiting bodies that produce new spores.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oogonium development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that leads to the development of an oogonium, a female gametangium of Oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oogonium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of oogonium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of oogonium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oogonium development, a process that leads to the formation of a female gametangium of oomycetes, containing one or more gametes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aecium development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a cup-like structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed. This is characteristic of the rust fungus and typically, the first dikaryotic spores (aeciospores) are produced in the aecium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of aecium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process by which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of aecium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process by which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of aecium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aecium development, a process by which a cuplike structure containing chains of aeciospores is formed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zygosporangium development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed. A zygosporangium is a thick-walled structure in which spores are produced, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of zygosporangium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process by which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of zygosporangium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process by which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of zygosporangium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygosporangium development, a process by which a fruiting body called zygosporangium is formed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ telium development
+
+ The process that leads to the development of a telium, which is a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of telium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of telium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of telium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telium development, a process that leads to the formation of a teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uredinium development
+
+ The process that leads to the formation of a uredinium, a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
+ biological_process
+ development of uredium
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of uredinium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of uredinium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of uredinium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of uredinium development, a process that leads to the formation of a reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus and consisting of uredospores.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular or syncytial spore via septations over time, from its initiation to the mature structure.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asexual sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore
+
+
+ The formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from mitosis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sexual sporulation resulting in formation of a multicellular or syncytial spore
+
+
+ The formation of multicellular or syncytial spore via septations derived from meiosis. A multicellular or syncytial spore is a structure that can be used for dissemination, for survival of adverse conditions because of its heat and dessication resistance, and/or for reproduction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sporangiospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process by which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sporangiospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process by which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sporangiospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangiospore formation, a process by which sporangiospores, a type of asexual spore found in fungi, are formed. Sporangiospores are formed within sac-like structure, the sporangium, following the division of the cytoplasm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aplanospore formation
+
+ biological_process
+ The process by which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of aplanospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of aplanospore formation, a process by which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of aplanospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aplanospore formation, a process by which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of aplanospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of aplanospore formation, a process by which a nonmotile, asexual spore is formed within a cell in certain algae and fungi (commonly in the Phycomycetes), the wall of aplanospore is distinct from that of the parent cell.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to host pH environment
+
+ biological_process
+ response of symbiont to host pH environment
+ A change in state or activity of the symbiont or its cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the pH conditions in or around its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by symbiont of entry into host
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into the host organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by symbiont of entry into host
+ upregulation by symbiont of entry into host
+ activation by symbiont of entry into host
+ up regulation by symbiont of entry into host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+ activation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ upregulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent to which it enters into a second organism, where the two organisms are in a symbiotic interaction.
+ up regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+ up-regulation by organism of entry into other organism during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ascospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process by which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ascospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascospore formation, a process by which a sexual spore, named ascospore, from Ascomycete fungi was produced inside an ascus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of zygospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process by which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of zygospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process by which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of zygospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of zygospore formation, a process by which a thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi is formed by union of two similar sexual cells, usually serves as a resting spore, and produces the sporophytic phase.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cell differentiation involved in spore germination
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a specific cell type occurring during spore germination, the physiological and developmental changes that occur in a spore following release from dormancy up to the earliest signs of growth.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of basidiospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process by which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi Basidiomycetes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of basidiospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process by which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of basidiospore formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidiospore formation, a process by which a sexually produced fungal spore is formed on a basidium in the fungi basidiomycetes.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of growth or development of symbiont on or near host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of growth or development of symbiont on or near host surface
+ Any process by which the symbiont regulates the increase in its size or mass, or its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of conidium formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a processes leading to the production of a type of asexual non-motile reproductive spore of fungi via mitosis at the tip or side of hyphae or on special spore-producing structures called conidiophores.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of conidium formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a processes leading to the production of a type of asexual non-motile reproductive spore of fungi via mitosis at the tip or side of hyphae or on special spore-producing structures called conidiophores.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of conidium formation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of conidium formation, a processes leading to the production of a type of asexual non-motile reproductive spore of fungi via mitosis at the tip or side of hyphae or on special spore-producing structures called conidiophores.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of growth or development of symbiont on or near host surface
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in the symbiont's size or mass, or its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of sporangium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of sporangium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of sporangium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure in which spores are produced, as in fungi, algae, mosses, and ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ basidium development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that leads to the development of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to Basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of basidium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to Basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of basidium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of basidium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of basidium development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. The basidium is unique to basidiomycetes and distinguishes them from other kinds of fungi.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ascus development
+
+ biological_process
+ The process that leads to the development of ascus, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of ascus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a process that leads to the formation of basidium, a sac-like structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of ascus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of ascus development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ascus development, a saclike structure produced by fungi of the phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) in which sexually produced spores (ascospores), usually four or eight in number, are formed.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oomycete sporangium development
+
+
+ The process that leads to the development of an oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiates, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which are laterally flagellated.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oomycete sporangium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of oomycete sporangium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of oomycete sporangium development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oomycete sporangium development, a process that leads to the formation of oomycete sporangium, a single-celled or many-celled structure that germinates directly to form an infection hypha or differentiate, through specialized cleavage vesicles, into between 10 and 30 zoospores, which is laterally flagellated.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spore dispersal on or near host
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ spore dispersal on or near host during symbiotic interaction
+ Any process by which a symbiont disseminates its spores, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active spore dispersal on or near host
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ Any active process by which a symbiont disseminates its spores, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ active spore dispersal on or near host during symbiotic interaction
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ passive spore dispersal on or near host
+
+ Any passive process by which a symbiont disseminates its spores, on or near its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ passive spore dispersal on or near host during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ formation by symbiont of arbuscule for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ The assembly by an organism of an arbuscule, a fine, tree-like hyphal structure projected into the host cell for the purpose of obtaining nutrients from its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of symbiont arbuscule formation for nutrient acquisition from host. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term should not be used to annotate gene products of the host. It should only be used to annotate those gene products from the symbiont involved in this process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
+
+ Any process by which the host organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "modulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction; GO:0075335".
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction
+
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the host. To annotate symbiont gene products, consider the biological process term "positive regulation by symbiont of host adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction; GO:0075336".
+ Any process by which the host organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in the symbiont organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+ biological_process
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism modulates the frequency, rate or extent of its adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of its adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction in response to host
+
+
+ Any process by which the symbiont organism stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of its symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction as a result of detecting molecules of its host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of growth or development of symbiont on or near host surface
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the symbiont's increase in size or mass, or its progression from an initial condition to a later condition, on or near the cells or tissues of the host organism.
+ Note that this term is used to annotate gene products of the symbiont. To annotate host gene products, consider the biological process term "negative regulation by host of symbiont adenylate cyclase-mediated signal transduction; GO:0075334".
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation of growth or development of symbiont during interaction with host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of growth or development of symbiont during interaction with host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of growth or development of symbiont during interaction with host
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the increase in size or mass of an organism, or the progression of an organism from an initial condition to a later condition, occurring in, on or near the exterior of its host organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host cell PML body
+
+ host cell PML NB
+ cellular_component
+ host cell PML nuclear body
+ A nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia) located within a cell of a host organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disassembly by symbiont of host cell PML body
+
+ disruption by symbiont of host cell PML body
+ catabolism by symbiont of host cell PML body
+ degradation by symbiont of host cell PML body
+ disassembly by symbiont of host cell PML NB
+ disassembly by symbiont of host cell PML nuclear body
+ The breakdown, by the symbiont, of a PML body within a host cell. A PML body is a nuclear body that reacts against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ disassembly by symbiont of host cell PML body during symbiotic interaction
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of abscisic acid levels in host
+
+ The alteration by an organism of the levels of abscisic acid in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is intended for use in annotation of symbiont gene products. For host gene products that regulate abscisic acid levels in the host, consider annotating to 'regulation of abscisic acid mediated signaling ; GO:0009787' or 'regulation of abscisic acid biosynthetic process ; GO:0010115'.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modulation by symbiont of host protein levels
+
+ The alteration by an organism of protein levels in the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ Note that this term is intended for use in annotation of symbiont gene products.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host protein
+
+ Note that this term is intended for use in annotation of symbiont gene products. For host gene products that modify host proteins, consider annotation to 'protein modification process' GO:0006464.
+ biological_process
+ The covalent alteration by an organism of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ modification by symbiont of host protein by ubiquitination
+
+ biological_process
+ modification by symbiont of host protein by ubiquitinylation
+ The process by which an organism adds one or more ubiquitin moieties to a protein of the host organism. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ modification by symbiont of host protein by ubiquitylation
+ Note that this term is intended for use in annotation of symbiont gene products. For host gene products that ubiquitinate host proteins, consider annotation to 'protein ubiquitination ; GO:0016567'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucilage extrusion from seed coat
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ mucilage release from seed coat
+ secretion of mucilage from seed coat
+ The process by which seed mucilage expands through hydration and breaks the outer cell wall that encapsulates the whole seed upon imbibition. Mucilage, mainly composed of pectins, is formed during seed development and deposited into the apoplast underneath the outer wall of the seed coat.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thalianol metabolic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving the triterpene thalianol.
+ biological_process
+ thalianol metabolism
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosystem stoichiometry adjustment
+
+ Adjustment of Photosystem I/Photosystem II ratio in response to light conditions. The function of photosystem stoichiometry adjustment is to compensate for any deficiency in energy conversion at either photosystem I or photosystem II by increasing the quantity the photosystem that will otherwise become the rate-limiting to overall photosynthesis.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ internode patterning
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Determines the spacing between two shoot nodes. A shoot node is the region of the shoot where the spikelet, flower, floret, branch, bud and/or leaves are attached.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CUL4 RING ubiquitin ligase complex
+
+ cellular_component
+ A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4 family and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mRNA methylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The posttranscriptional addition of methyl groups to specific residues in an mRNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of oxygen and reactive oxygen species metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving dioxygen (O2), or any of the reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (-OH).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of coenzyme A biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving coenzyme A.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to benzoic acid stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a benzoic acid stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ primary root development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the primary root over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The primary root develops directly from the embryonic radicle.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indolebutyric acid metabolic process
+
+ indole-3-butyric acid metabolic process
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways involving indolebutyric acid, a compound that serves as an active or storage form of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid (an auxin) in many plants.
+ IBA metabolism
+ IBA metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to indolebutyric acid stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indolebutyric acid stimulus.
+ response to indole-3-butyric acid stimulus
+ response to IBA stimulus
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to herbivore
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a herbivore.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nitrile biosynthetic process
+
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitrile, an organic compound containing trivalent nitrogen attached to one carbon atom.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular response to boron levels
+
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of boron.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to nitrite
+
+ biological_process
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrate stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ host response to induction by symbiont of tumor, nodule or growth in host
+
+ A change in the state or activity of a host cell or organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of the formation of an abnormal mass of cells in the host organism, induced by a symbiont. The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate biosynthetic process
+
+ progoitrin biosynthesis
+ 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate synthesis
+ 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate anabolism
+ 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate formation
+ biological_process
+ 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate biosynthesis
+ progoitrin biosynthetic process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of progoitrin, a 2-hydroxy-but-3-enyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolates are substituted thioglucosides found in rapeseed products and related cruciferae, and progoitrin has been implicated in causing goiters in mammals and bitter taste in cruciferous vegetables.
+ progoitrin synthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cytokinin mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by cytokinin.
+ regulation of cytokinin mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ negative regulation of cytokinin mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by cytokinin.
+ negative regulation of cytokinin mediated signalling
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cytokinin mediated signaling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by cytokinin.
+ biological_process
+ positive regulation of cytokinin mediated signalling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of cellular response to phosphate starvation
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to phosphate starvation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of seed development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of seed development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cutin transport
+
+ The directed movement of cutin into, out of, within or between cells. Cutin, which consists of C16-18 fatty acids, is the major component of the cuticle that covers the plant surface.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to histidine
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a histidine stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to phenylalanine
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a phenylalanine stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ low affinity nitrate transport
+
+ biological_process
+ The directed movement of nitrate into, out of, within or between cells. In low affinity transport the transporter is able to bind the solute only if it is present at very high concentrations.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ petal vascular tissue pattern formation
+
+ Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the petal of vascular plants.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sepal vascular tissue pattern formation
+
+ Vascular tissue pattern formation as it occurs in the sepal of vascular plants.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protein amino acid deglutathionylation
+
+ biological_process
+ The protein modification process by which a glutathione molecule is removed from a protein amino acid by breaking a disulfide linkage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ integument development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the integument over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Integument is one of the layers of tissue that usually covers the ovule, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle at the apex.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ signal recognition particle, chloroplast targeting
+
+ A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to the chloroplast.
+ cellular_component
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stamen filament development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the filament over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Filament is the stalk of a stamen.
+ biological_process
+ filament development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugate biosynthetic process
+
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of spermidine hydroxycinnamate conjugates.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of primary metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of raffinose metabolic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving raffinose.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of pollen tube growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of pollen tube growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of photorespiration
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of photorespiration. Photorespiration is a light-dependent catabolic process occurring concomitantly with photosynthesis in plants (especially C3 plants) whereby dioxygen (O2) is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus
+
+ A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a trehalose-6-phosphate stimulus.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporopollenin biosynthetic process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of sporopollenin, a primary constituent of the pollen exine layer.
+ sporopollenin biosynthesis
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ DNA demethylation
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The removal of a methyl group from C-5 or N-4 of cytosine or N-6 of adenine in a DNA molecule.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ seed growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ The increase in size or mass of a seed. Seed is a propagating organ formed in the reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, derived from the ovule and enclosing an embryo.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of seed growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological_process
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the seed of an plant.
+ regulation of seed size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ positive regulation of glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity
+
+ Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycine hydroxymethyltransferase activity, the catalysis of the reaction 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O = tetrahydrofolate + L-serine.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ secondary growth
+
+ biological_process
+ Increase in plant girth due to the activity of lateral meristems (vascular and cork cambium).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ER body organization
+
+ endoplasmic reticulum body organization
+ biological_process
+ ER body organization and biogenesis
+ endoplasmic reticulum body organization and biogenesis
+ A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the formation of ER (endoplasmic reticulum) body. ER body is a compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ CAAX-box protein processing
+
+ biological_process
+ A series of specific posttranslational modifications to the CAAX box region of CAAX box proteins. CAAX box proteins are eukaryotic proteins that contain a CAAX motif where the C is a cysteine, the two A residues are aliphatic amino acids and the X can be one of several amino acids. The CAAX-box proteins undergo three sequential, enzymatic, post-translational modifications essential to their targeting: First, the proteins are prenylated by one of two prenyltransferases called farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I. Prenylation results in the covalent attachment of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid moieties to the cysteine in the CAAX box motif. Prenylation is followed by proteolytic removal of the last three amino acids of the protein (AAX). Finally, the newly exposed carboxylate group of the isoprenylcysteine is methylated by an ER-associated prenyl-dependent carboxylmethyltransferase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ AMP transport
+
+ adenosine monophosphate transport
+ The directed movement of AMP, adenosine monophosphate, into, out of, within or between cells.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multicellular structure septum development
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the multicellular structure septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The multicellular structure septum is the thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovary septum development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovary septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ovary septum is the thin partition that divides the ovary, the basal portion of a carpel or group of fused carpels, that encloses the ovule(s).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fruit septum development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the fruit septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The fruit septum is a thin partition or membrane that divides a cavity or a mass of tissue in the fruit.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anther septum development
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the anther septum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The anther septum is a thin partition or stretch of cells that are present in the anther dehiscence zone.
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proteasome core complex assembly
+
+ biological_process
+ The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a mature, active 20S proteasome core particle complex that does not contain any regulatory particles.
+ 20S proteasome assembly
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of response to stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regulation of cellular response to stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
+ biological_process
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ priming of cellular response to stress
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ priming of stress response
+ The process that enables cells to respond in a more rapid and robust manner than nonprimed cells to much lower levels of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress.
+ priming of response to stress
+ biological_process
+
+
diff --git a/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/pato.owl b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/pato.owl
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81b98ea37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/pato.owl
@@ -0,0 +1,14052 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+]>
+
+
+
+
+ 1.0
+ Fri Jun 13 09:27:00 CEST 2008
+ George Gkoutos
+ OBO-Edit 1.100
+ abnormal_slim
+ absent_slim
+ attribute_slim
+ cell_quality
+ null PATO:$sequence(7,0,9999999)$
+ quality
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quality
+ PATO:0000072
+ trait
+ A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mobility
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality of moving freely.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ speed/velocity
+
+ A physical quality inhering in an object by virtue of the rate of change of its position.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ age
+
+ A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long has existed.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ color
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ color hue
+
+ A chromatic scalar-circular quality inhering in an object that manifests in an observer by virtue of the dominant wavelength of the visible light; may be subject to fiat divisions, typically into 7 or 8 spectra.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ color brightness
+
+ A scalar optical quality which obtains by the bearer producing the effects of light emittance in an observer.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ color saturation
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A scalar chromatic quality that manifests by virtue of the range of wavelengths in perceived light.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fluorescence
+
+ value_slim
+ Luminosity in which the bearer emits longer wavelength light following the absorption of shorter wavelength radiation; fluorescence is common with aromatic compounds with several rings joined together.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ color pattern
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A chromatic property quality defined by the mathematic properties of the relative position of colours.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relative color
+
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compatibility
+
+ A quality of having or lacking the ability harmonious coexistence.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ composition
+
+ A monadic quality of continuant inhering in an object by virtue of the quantities or relative ratios of subparts of the inhering entity.
+ For example calcium composition (which may inhere in bone), haemoglobin composition (which may inhere in blood).
+ content
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ concentration of
+
+ attribute_slim
+ concentration
+ A physical quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of it there is mixed with another substance.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ consistency
+
+ A physical quality that inheres in a continuant by virtue of density, firmness, or viscosity.
+ firmness
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ direction
+
+ The orientation of a line in space.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ distance
+
+ The extent of space between two objects or places.
+ attribute_slim
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavor
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A relational quality inhering in an object or the molecules of an object, in which the molecules are perceived by a taste and odorant receptors.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ frequency
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality which inhers to the bearer by virtue of the number of repetitive actions in a particular time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biological sex
+
+ A monadic quality of continuant inhering in an organism by virtue of its ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hardness
+
+ impenetrability
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its capability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
+ toughness
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intensity
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of possessing or displaying a distinctive feature in type or degree or effect or force.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ life span
+
+ A time quality which is the expected maximum age.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morphology
+
+ A quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of its size, shape and structure.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shape
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ count
+
+ numerical
+ attribute_slim
+ PATO:0001169
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nutritional quality
+
+ A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability or inability to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ occurrence quality
+
+ A monadic quality of occurrent inhering in a bearer by virtue of its occurence.
+ attribute_slim
+ temporal
+ PATO:0000156
+ PATO:0000158
+ incidence
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ odor
+
+ relational_slim
+ attribute_slim
+ A relational quality inhering in an object by virtue of the molecules being are aerially dispersed and perceived by an odorant receptor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pattern
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A monadic quality of continuant defined by the mathematic properties of the relative position of subparts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sleep pattern
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A sleep quality defined by the mathematic properties of the relative time frames of the sleep cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pilosity
+
+ A quality of having hair.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ qualitative
+
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deviation(from_normal)
+
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ presence
+
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amount
+
+ relative_quantity
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ response to
+
+ responsivity
+ attribute_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of its reaction to a stimulus or an agent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhythm quality
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A monadic quality of occurent inhering in a bearer by virtue of its movement or variation characterized by the regular recurrence or alternation of different quantities or conditions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amplitude
+
+ A physical monadic quality of occurrent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the size of its maximum displacement from the 'normal' position, when periodic motion is taking place.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ period
+
+ An amount of time.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ persistence
+
+ attribute_slim
+ Repetitiveness of rhythm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phase
+
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensitivity toward
+
+ attribute_slim
+ sensitivity
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering in an entity by virtue of its propensity to detect or perceive external stimulation.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ size
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its physical magnitude.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ height
+
+ A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the vertical dimension of extension.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ length
+
+ A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mass
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality that inheres in a bearer in proportion to the amount of matter it contains.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ weight
+
+ A quality inhering in an object with mass near a gravitational body.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spatial pattern
+
+ A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of its pertaining to or involving or having the nature of space.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angle
+
+ A quality inhering in a figure or space formed by the junction of two lines or planes.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ closure
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether its closed.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ orientation
+
+ A quality of an object in which its location is defined by the angle between two axes, or an axis and another object.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ placement
+
+ A spatial quality of the way in which something is placed.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ structure
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ temperature
+
+ A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ texture
+
+ A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the relative size and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ threshold
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its sensitivity towards a fixed location or value where a change is observed; upper limit.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rate
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A monadic quality of occurrent that is the occurrence of a process per unit time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ time
+
+ A quality in which events occur in sequence.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viability
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's ability or inability to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ balance
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A monadic quality of occurent inhering in a bearer by virtue of being in equilibrium.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral quality
+
+ A monadic quality of continuant inhering to a bearer by virtue of its behavior.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ consumption quality
+
+ propensity to consume
+ relational_slim
+ A relational quality of occurrent inhering in a bearer by virtue of its abiltiy to consume a resource.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coordination
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality of having or lacking skilful and effective interaction of movement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ discrimination
+
+ A quality of perceiving differences between two or more stimuli.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maturity
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether it exhibits complete growth, differentiation, or development.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fecundity
+
+ The potential reproductive capacity of an organism or population, measured by the number of gametes.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fertility
+
+ A quality of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brood size
+
+ litter size
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality inhering to the young of an animal by virtue of their number.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female fertility
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A fertility quality of the female of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male fertility
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A fertility quality of the male of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arrested
+
+ incomplete
+ value_slim
+ A duration which ends earlier than the natural end time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mobile
+
+ value_slim
+ A mobility quality of being capable to move freely.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immobile
+
+ fixed
+ A mobility quality of being incapable to move freely.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased speed
+
+ fast speed
+ value_slim
+ A speed which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased speed
+
+ value_slim
+ A speed which is relative low.
+ slow speed
+ slow
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ old
+
+ value_slim
+ A age which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ young
+
+ value_slim
+ A age which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ black
+
+ A color that lacks any hues as parts.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blue
+
+ A color hue with low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between green and indigo, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 420 to 490 nanometers.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cyan
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of green and blue hue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ green
+
+ value_slim
+ A color hue with medium-low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between yellow and blue, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 490 to 570 nanometers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magenta
+
+ A color consisting of red and blue hue.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ red
+
+ value_slim
+ A color hue with high wavelength of the long-wave end of the visible spectrum, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 630 to 750 nanometers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ white
+
+ value_slim
+ whitish
+ An achromatic color of maximum lightness; the color of objects that reflect nearly all light of all visible wavelengths.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ yellow
+
+ A color hue with medium wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between orange and green, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 570 to 590 nanometers.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark
+
+ Low brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale
+
+ dull
+ value_slim
+ Low saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blotchy
+
+ value_slim
+ blotched
+ Marked with irregularly shaped spots or blots.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ irregular
+
+ A pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of lacking pattern.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ discolored
+
+ Altered or spoiled in color.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spotted
+
+ A color pattern inhering to a bearer by virtue of being marked with a round area of different color.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colored
+
+ PATO:0000332
+ Having color.
+ value_slim
+ pigmented
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ colorless
+
+ value_slim
+ Lacking color.
+ PATO:0000334
+ unpigmented
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compatible
+
+ A compatibility quality of being capable of harmonious coexistence.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ incompatible
+
+ value_slim
+ A compatibility quality of being incapable of harmonious coexistence.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ down
+
+ A direction from a higher to a lower point.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ left
+
+ A direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces east.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ right
+
+ value_slim
+ A direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces west.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ up
+
+ value_slim
+ A direction from a lower to a higher point.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased distance
+
+ A distance which is greater relative to the normal or average.
+ relational_slim
+ long distance
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased distance
+
+ short distance
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ A distance which is lesser relative to the normal or average.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased frequency
+
+ frequent
+ value_slim
+ A frequency which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased frequency
+
+ A frequency which is relative low.
+ infrequent
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female
+
+ value_slim
+ A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gamates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male
+
+ A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hard
+
+ value_slim
+ tough
+ impenetrable
+ A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ soft
+
+ value_slim
+ A hardness quality of giving little resistance to pressure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acute
+
+ Having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mild
+
+ Less than moderate in type or degree or effect or force.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ moderate
+
+ Having average or less than average quality.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ severe
+
+ Intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ branched
+
+ A shape quality of having branches.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cleft
+
+ value_slim
+ Partially split or divided; a v-shaped indentation.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coiled
+
+ spiral
+ PATO:0001363
+ helical
+ helix-shaped
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ Curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ curled
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ A shape quality of having parallel chains in undulate fashion on the border.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ curved
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having or marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend.
+ curled
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flat
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oblate
+
+ cell_quality
+ Having the equatorial diameter greater than the polar diameter.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pinnate
+
+ value_slim
+ featherlike
+ of a leaf shape
+ Having leaflets or leaflets-like structures on each side of a common axis.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ round
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ circular
+ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of it being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shrunken
+
+ Reduced in size by being drawn together.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ square
+
+ Having an equal-sided rectangular form.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unbranched
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ Lacking branches.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uncoiled
+
+ value_slim
+ Not curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals).
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased number
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased number
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auxotroph
+
+ value_slim
+ A nutritional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its inability to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prototroph
+
+ value_slim
+ A nutritional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recurrent
+
+ value_slim
+ Occurring or appearing again or repeatedly.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sporadic
+
+ Recurring in scattered and irregular or unpredictable instances.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ invariant
+
+ constant
+ value_slim
+ uniform
+ A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of lacking or not exhibiting variation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regular
+
+ A pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having pattern.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ repetitive
+
+ value_slim
+ Marked by tedious repetition.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insomnia
+
+ A sleep pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its inability to sleep.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ narcolepsy
+
+ A sleep pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its disrupted sleep during normal sleeping period; often accompanied by cataplexy, sleep paralysis.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glabrous
+
+ value_slim
+ A pilosity quality of having no hairs, projections, or pubescence.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hairy
+
+ A pilosity quality of being covered with hair or hairlike projections.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pubescent
+
+ value_slim
+ A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its having arrived at the onset of puberty (the age at which sex glands become functional) but not yet fully mature.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abnormal
+
+ value_slim
+ aberrant
+ abnormal_slim
+ atypical
+ defective
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ normal
+
+ value_slim
+ abnormal_slim
+ average
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ absent
+
+ value_slim
+ absent_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conspicuous
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inconspicuous
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ present
+
+ value_slim
+ absent_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased
+
+ An amount which ir relative low.
+ value_slim
+ reduced
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased
+
+ value_slim
+ An amount which ir relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ responsive to
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the presence of its reaction to a stimulus or an agent.
+ value_slim
+ responsive
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unresponsive to
+
+ unresponsive
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the lack of its reaction to a stimulus or an agent.
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased period
+
+ prolonged period
+ A period which is relative high.
+ chronic
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased period
+
+ shortened period
+ value_slim
+ A period which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ advanced phase
+
+ value_slim
+ A phase which earlier than the natural start time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark phase
+
+ value_slim
+ The dark cycle phase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ delayed
+
+ late
+ value_slim
+ A duration which starts later than the natural start time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light phase
+
+ The light cycle phase.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arrhythmic
+
+ value_slim
+ Lacking rhythm.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhythmic
+
+ Having rhythm.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insensitive toward
+
+ value_slim
+ insensitive
+ relational_slim
+ A quality of lacking sensitivity toward an external stimulus.
+ resistant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tolerant to
+
+ A resistance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability to tolarete or being insensitive to a stimulus.
+ value_slim
+ tolerant
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensitive toward
+
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ sensitive
+ A quality of having sensitivity toward an external stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photoinsensitive
+
+ A photosensitivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its lacking photosensitivity.
+ relational_slim
+ photoresistant
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosensitive
+
+ A photosensitivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its exhibiting photosensitivity.
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased height
+
+ value_slim
+ short
+ A height which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased height
+
+ tall
+ A height which is relative small.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased length
+
+ A length which is relative large.
+ long
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased length
+
+ stubby
+ shortened
+ short
+ value_slim
+ A length which is relative small.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased weight
+
+ value_slim
+ heavy
+ A weight which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased weight
+
+ light weight
+ value_slim
+ A weight which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypertrophic
+
+ value_slim
+ A size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its exhibiting hypertrophy (enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body due to increased size of the constituent cells).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypotrophic
+
+ A size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the progressive degeneration of an organ or tissue caused by loss of cells.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased size
+
+ great
+ value_slim
+ big
+ PATO:0001202
+ large
+ enlarged
+ A size which is greater relative to the normal or average.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased size
+
+ A size which is lesser relative to the normal or average.
+ value_slim
+ small
+ tiny
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vestigial
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its being part of an animal (such as an organ or bone) that is no longer used by the species and has therefore become smaller or less developed.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased thickness
+
+ value_slim
+ thick
+ A thickness which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased thickness
+
+ thin
+ A thickness which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased volume
+
+ large volume
+ A volume which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased volume
+
+ value_slim
+ A volume which is relative low.
+ small volume
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased width
+
+ value_slim
+ narrow
+ A width which is relative small.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased width
+
+ value_slim
+ broad
+ A width which is relative large.
+ wide
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ closed
+
+ Blocked passage or view.
+ blocked
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ closure incomplete
+
+ Not completed blocked passage or view.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ open
+
+ Affording unobstructed passage or view.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disoriented
+
+ A orientation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its lacking orientation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oriented
+
+ value_slim
+ A orientation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its having orientation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterioralized
+
+ value_slim
+ A malformed quality in which the gross morphology contains only what are normally anterior structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asymmetrical
+
+ value_slim
+ asymmetry
+ cell_quality
+ A symmetry quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of lacking symmetry.
+ asymmetric
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bent
+
+ Altered from an originally straight or even condition.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bilateral
+
+ Having or formed of two sides; two-sided.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ crowded
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being overfilled.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsalized
+
+ A malformed quality in which the gross morphology contains only what are normally dorsal structures.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erect
+
+ value_slim
+ Upright in position or posture.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ exserted
+
+ value_slim
+ Protruding or projecting from the body.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inserted into
+
+ inserted
+ A relational spatial quality in which the bearer entity becomes joined together with an additional entity.
+ value_slim
+ introduced into
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inverted
+
+ To be completely turned about in position or direction.
+ value_slim
+ reversed
+ backward
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateralized
+
+ Moved or displaced to one side so as to make lateral.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ localised
+
+ Confined or restricted to a particular location.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mislocalised
+
+ ectopic
+ value_slim
+ PATO:0000621
+ Localised in an abnormal location.
+ mislocalized
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ misrouted
+
+ value_slim
+ A mistakenly taken course, way, or passage; ill-routed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterioralized
+
+ A malformed quality in which the gross morphology contains only what are normally posterior structures.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prostrate
+
+ Stretched out and lying at full length along the ground.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ symmetrical
+
+ cell_quality
+ A symmetry quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being capable of division by a longitudinal plane into similar halves
+ value_slim
+ symmetric
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uncrowded
+
+ value_slim
+ Not crowded.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unilateral
+
+ Involving only one part or side.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unlocalised
+
+ Not confined or restricted to a particular location.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventralized
+
+ value_slim
+ A malformed quality in which the gross morphology contains only what are normally ventral structures.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ apoptotic
+
+ A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its undergoing apoptosis.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ degenerate
+
+ Structure which deteriorates or is lost over time.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dysplastic
+
+ value_slim
+ Structure which exhibits abnormal development or growth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fused with
+
+ fused
+ value_slim
+ joined with
+ A relational structural quality inhering in a bearer which is merged with another entity.
+ merged with
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ herniated
+
+ value_slim
+ Of or relating to a bodily structure that has protruded through an abnormal opening in the wall that contains it.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyperplastic
+
+ value_slim
+ Pertaining to or characterized by hyperplasia.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoplastic
+
+ value_slim
+ Pertaining to or characterised by hypoplasia.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ malformed
+
+ Abnormally or faultily formed.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ necrotic
+
+ A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of unprogrammed cell death.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ obstructed
+
+ To block or fill (a passage) with obstacles or an obstacle.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perforated
+
+ value_slim
+ Having a hole or holes, especially a row of small holes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ supernumerary
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unfused from
+
+ unfused
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ A relational structural quality inhering in a bearer which is no longer merged with another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light
+
+ value_slim
+ High brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cold
+
+ A temperature which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hot
+
+ A temperature which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asynchronous
+
+ value_slim
+ Not occurring or existing at the same time or having the same period or phase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ continuous
+
+ uninterrupted
+ PATO:0000429
+ Uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ discontinuous
+
+ Marked by breaks or interruptions.
+ interrupted
+ value_slim
+ intermittent
+ PATO:0000426
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterochronic
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its origin or development at an unusual time or out of the regular sequence.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ premature
+
+ PATO:0000691
+ early
+ A duration which starts earlier than the natural start time.
+ precocious
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ synchronous
+
+ value_slim
+ Occurring or existing at the same time or having the same period or phase.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rough
+
+ value_slim
+ A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its irregular surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ smooth
+
+ A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of pocessing a surface free of roughness or irregularities.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased threshold
+
+ high threshold
+ value_slim
+ PATO:0000709
+ An threshold which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased threshold
+
+ PATO:0000707
+ low threshold
+ value_slim
+ An threshold which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased time
+
+ value_slim
+ slow time
+ A time which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased time
+
+ fast time
+ value_slim
+ A time which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lethal (sensu genetics)
+
+ A viability quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's inability to survive and develop normally or the long term survival inability of a given population.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viable
+
+ value_slim
+ A viability quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's ability to survive and develop normally or the long term survival ability of a given population.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ balanced
+
+ A balance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its having balance.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unbalanced
+
+ A balance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its lacking balance.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bang sensitive
+
+ value_slim
+ A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of exhibiting paralytic behaviour when subjected to mechanical shock.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyperactive
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality of occuerent inhering in a bearer by virtue of its exhibiting increased activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypoactive
+
+ A quality of occuerent inhering in a bearer by virtue of its exhibiting reduced activity.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ impaired
+
+ value_slim
+ Diminished, damaged, or weakened.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paralysed
+
+ A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being affected by paralysis.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ passive
+
+ value_slim
+ Receiving or subjected to an action without responding or initiating an action in return.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased consumption
+
+ increased propensity to consume
+ value_slim
+ A consumption which is relative high.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased consumption
+
+ relational_slim
+ A consumption which is relative low.
+ decreased propensity to consume
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coordinated
+
+ value_slim
+ A coordination quality of having skilful and effective interaction of movement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uncoordinated
+
+ A coordination quality of lacking skilful and effective interaction of movement.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aversion
+
+ A preference quality of disliking a perceived stimulus.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indifference
+
+ value_slim
+ A preference quality of having no preference to a perceived stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ preference
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A discrimination quality of liking a perceived stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female fertile
+
+ A female fertility quality of being capable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male sterile
+
+ A male fertility quality of being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
+ value_slim
+ male infertile
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male fertile
+
+ value_slim
+ A male fertility quality of being capable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female sterile
+
+ female infertile
+ A female fertility quality of being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased rate
+
+ value_slim
+ A rate which is relative low.
+ slow rate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased rate
+
+ value_slim
+ fast rate
+ A rate which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ thickness
+
+ A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ volume
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A 3-D extent quality of the amount of 3-dimensional space an object occupies.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ width
+
+ attribute_slim
+ breadth
+ A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ photosensitivity
+
+ attribute_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A quality inhering to the bearer by virtue of its sensitivity to the action of radiant energy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ truncated
+
+ Terminating abruptly by having or as if having an end or point cut off.
+ truncate
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disorganized
+
+ value_slim
+ Lacking organisation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ organized
+
+ value_slim
+ Having organisation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vacuolated
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ A structure quality in which cytoplasm contains fluid filled cavitities.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ underdeveloped
+
+ Not adequately or normally developed.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ overdeveloped
+
+ value_slim
+ Being developed to excess.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pointed
+
+ Having a sharp or tapered end or point.
+ cell_quality
+ apiculate
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ epinastic
+
+ A downward bending of leaves or other plant parts.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oblong
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ Having a somewhat elongated form with approximately parallel sides.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elliptic
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ Oval which has two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section.
+ oval
+ ovoid
+ ellipsoid
+ ellipse-shaped
+ elliptical
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heart shaped
+
+ cordiform
+ cordate
+ value_slim
+ With a sinus or rounded lobe at the base; Having the shape of heart.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fasciated
+
+ value_slim
+ Abnormally flattened or coalesced.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ grey
+
+ A color between white and black colors.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ purple
+
+ A colour that falls about midway between red and blue in hue.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brown
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of dark orange, red, of very low intensity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ orange
+
+ A color hue with high-medium wavelengththat of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between red and yellow, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 585 to 620 nanometers.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pink
+
+ A composite color with parts high redness, low blueness, high brightness and low saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fertile
+
+ value_slim
+ A fertility quality of being capable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sterile
+
+ A fertility quality of being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ opacity
+
+ An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ opaque
+
+ Not clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy.
+ value_slim
+ non-transparent
+ cloudy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ transparent
+
+ Lacking opacity.
+ clear
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ symmetry
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A pattern quality of correspondence in size, shape, and relative position of parts on opposite sides of a dividing line or median plane or about a center or axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ undulate
+
+ Having a sinuate margin and rippled surface.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dwarf
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being abnormally small.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ permeability
+
+ A structure quality of being cabapble of being permeated or pervaded by a liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion).
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ porosity
+
+ A perneability quality of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ permeable
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality of being capable to be permeated or pervaded by a liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ impermeable
+
+ value_slim
+ A permeability quality of being incapable of being permeated or pervaded by a liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ porous
+
+ A quality of being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nonporous
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality of being incapable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viscosity
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality of fluids describing their internal resistance to flow.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viscous
+
+ A viscosity quality inhering to a bearer by virtue of having viscosity.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alternation
+
+ Successive change from one thing or state to another and back again.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ latency
+
+ The time that elapses between a stimulus and the response to it.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ physical quality
+
+ A quality that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ density
+
+ A physical quality which inhers to the bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by its mass.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ damage
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether it has being harmed or injured or spoiled.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ energy
+
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its capacity to do work.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ impulse
+
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the change in its momentum.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ momentum
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its velocity multiplied by its mass.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ power
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality inhering in a object by virtue of the rate of doing work.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pressure
+
+ A physical quality that inheres in a bearer in proportion to the amount of force per unit area it exerts.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ work
+
+ attribute_slim
+ W
+ A physical quality which is equal to the energy transferred by a force to a moving object.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acceleration
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of therate of change of its velocity in either speed or direction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ efficiency
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of ratio of the output to the input.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flux
+
+ A physical quality that exists by virtue of the amount of flow per unit time.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elasticity
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its capability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ position
+
+ A quality inhering to a bearer by virtue of the particular portion of space it occupies.
+ location
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ strain
+
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the relative change in its length or its volume when being stretched or squashed.
+ tension
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ force
+
+ A physical quality inhering in a object affecting its acceleration.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ susceptibility toward
+
+ attribute_slim
+ relational_slim
+ susceptibility
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering in an entity by virtue of its propensity to resist an infectious agent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ resistance to
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability or inability to resist to a stimulus.
+ resistance
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acute angle
+
+ An angle which is less than 90 degrees.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ obtuse angle
+
+ An angle which is more than 180 degrees.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ convex angle
+
+ An angle which is less than or equal to 180 degrees.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ internal angle
+
+ value_slim
+ An angle inside two adjacent sides of a polygon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reflex angle
+
+ An angle that is greater than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ susceptible toward
+
+ relational_slim
+ A quality of having susceptibilty toward an external stimulus.
+ susceptible
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insusceptible toward
+
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ insusceptible
+ A quality of lacking susceptibilty toward an external stimulus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elongated
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its length being notably higher than its width.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ concentrated
+
+ A concentration which relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diluted
+
+ value_slim
+ A concentration which relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased concentration
+
+ A concentration which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased concentration
+
+ A concentration which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dense
+
+ value_slim
+ Relative high amount of mass per unit of volume.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ damaged
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being harmed or injured or spoiled.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ undamaged
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of not being harmed or injured or spoiled.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elastic
+
+ An elasticity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inelastic
+
+ value_slim
+ An elasticity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its inability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ resistant to
+
+ resistant
+ A resistance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability to resist to a stimulus.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ larval
+
+ value_slim
+ A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prepubescent
+
+ A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its being at the age immediately before puberty.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pupal
+
+ A maturity quality inhering in a insect by virtue of its being in the chrysalis (cocoon) or post larval stage.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prepupal
+
+ A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its being in an inactive stage in the development of some insects, between the larval and the pupal stages.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adolescent
+
+ A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its being between the onset of puberty and maturity.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ juvenile
+
+ A maturity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of not fully grown or developed.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medial to
+
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located toward the middle relative to another entity.
+ value_slim
+ medial
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyperresponsive to
+
+ value_slim
+ increased responsivity
+ hyperresponsive
+ A response quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its excessive reaction to a stimulus or an agent.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lateral to
+
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located toward the side relative to another entity.
+ lateral
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hyporesponsive to
+
+ relational_slim
+ decreased responsivity
+ hyporesponsive
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its limited reaction to a stimulus or an agent.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proximal to
+
+ value_slim
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located more centrally than another entity.
+ proximal
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventral to
+
+ ventral
+ relational_slim
+ inferior to
+ value_slim
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located toward the abdomen of an organism relative to another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ linear
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ Narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ T-shaped
+
+ Shaped in the form of the letter T.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Y-shaped
+
+ Shaped in the form of the letter Y.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rod-shaped
+
+ Resembling a rod.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dentated
+
+ toothed
+ value_slim
+ Having toothlike projections in the margin.
+ cell_quality
+ dentate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serrated
+
+ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having sharp straight-edged teeth pointing to the apex.
+ serrate
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ odorless
+
+ A quality of lacking odour.
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quantitative
+
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ variant
+
+ A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having or exhibiting variation.
+ variable
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright
+
+ vivid
+ High saturation.
+ shiny
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ strength
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its power or force.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal to
+
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located toward the back or upper surface of an organism relative to another entity.
+ relational_slim
+ superior_to
+ value_slim
+ dorsal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ distal to
+
+ relational_slim
+ distal
+ value_slim
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located further from a more centrally located entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quality of occurrent
+
+ quality of process
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality which inheres in an occurent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monadic quality of continuant
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality of continuant which inheres in a single-bearer.
+ monadic quality of an object
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relational quality of continuant
+
+ relational quality of an object
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality of continuant which inheres in multiplicity of bearers.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monadic quality of occurrent
+
+ attribute_slim
+ monadic quality of process
+ A quality of occurent which inheres in a single-bearer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relational quality of occurrent
+
+ A quality of occurent which inheres in multiplicity of bearers.
+ relational_slim
+ relational quality of a process
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quality of continuant
+
+ A quality which inheres in a continuant.
+ attribute_slim
+ quality of an object
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wavelength
+
+ A physical quality which is equal to the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light blue
+
+ A color consisting of blue hue and high brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark blue
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of blue hue and low brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark brown
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of brown hue and low brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light brown
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of brown hue and high brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light cyan
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of cyan hue and high brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark cyan
+
+ A color consisting of cyan hue and low brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark green
+
+ A color consisting of green hue and low brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light green
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of green hue and high brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark grey
+
+ A color consisting of grey color and low brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light grey
+
+ A color consisting of grey color and high brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light magenta
+
+ A color consisting of magenta color and high brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark magenta
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of magenta color and low brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light orange
+
+ A color consisting of orange hue and high brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark orange
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of orange color and low brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light pink
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of pink color and high brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark pink
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of pink color and low brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark purple
+
+ A color consisting of purple color and low brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light purple
+
+ A color consisting of purple color and high brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark red
+
+ A color consisting of red hue and low brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light red
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of red hue and high brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark yellow
+
+ A color consisting of yellow hue and low brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light yellow
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of yellow hue and high brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright blue
+
+ A color consisting of blue hue and high saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale blue
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of blue hue and low saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright brown
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of brown hue and high saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale brown
+
+ A color consisting of brown hue and low saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright cyan
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of cyan colour and high saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale cyan
+
+ A color consisting of cyan colour and low saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright green
+
+ A color consisting of green hue and high saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale green
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of green hue and low saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright grey
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of grey color and high saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale grey
+
+ A color consisting of grey color and low saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright magenta
+
+ A color consisting of magenta color and high saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale magenta
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of magenta color and low saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright orange
+
+ A color consisting of orange hue and high saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale orange
+
+ A color consisting of orange hue and low saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright pink
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of pink color and high saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale pink
+
+ A color consisting of pink color and low saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright purple
+
+ A color consisting of purple color and high saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale purple
+
+ A color consisting of purple color and low saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright red
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of red hue and high saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale red
+
+ A color consisting of red hue and low saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright yellow
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of yellow hue and high saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale yellow
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of yellow hue and low saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ red brown
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of red and brown hue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark red brown
+
+ A color consisting of red and brown hue and low saturation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light red brown
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of red and brown hue and high saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fluorescent
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of emitting light during exposure to radiation from an external source.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electromagnetic (EM) radiation quality
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality that inheres in an object by virtue of how that object interacts with electromagnetic radiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ full-spectrum EM radiation quality
+
+ attribute_slim
+ An EM radiation quality that is independent of the EM wavelength range.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ absorption quality
+
+ A scalar EM radiation quality which obtains by the capacity of the bearer to absorb radiation.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radiation reflective quality
+
+ A scalar EM radiation quality which obtains by the capacity of the bearer to scatter or reflect radiation.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ albedo
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A reflective quality restricted to a particular wavelength.
+ Typically used for light, but also applied to full EM spectrum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luminous flux
+
+ A scalar optical quality which obtains by the magnitude of the light emitted by the bearer.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reflectivity
+
+ A reflective quality spanning the full EM spectrum.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phosphorescence
+
+ A fluorescence in which the emittence continues after the absorption has ceased.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radiation emitting quality
+
+ A scalar EM radiation quality which obtains by the capacity of the bearer to emit radiation.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ optical quality
+
+ An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chromatic property
+
+ An optical quality that obtains by virtue of the mix and magnitude of wavelengths in the light perceived by the observer.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vermilion
+
+ A color consisting of red and orange hue with a slight amount of gray.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ variability
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality of varying or changing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ variability of temperature
+
+ A quality of temperature of varying or changing.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased temperature
+
+ A temperature which is greater relative to the normal or average temperature.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased temperature
+
+ A temperature which is lesser relative to the normal or average temperature.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased variability of temperature
+
+ value_slim
+ A variability of temperature which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased variability of temperature
+
+ value_slim
+ A variability of temperature which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ duration
+
+ time
+ A monadic quality of occurrent that is the time between the start and end of a process.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ duration of temperature
+
+ A duration of temperature.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased duration of temperature
+
+ A duration of temperature which is lesser relative to the normal or average enduring or continuing in time.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased duration of temperature
+
+ value_slim
+ A duration of temperature which is greater relative to the normal or average in respect to the quality of temperature of enduring or continuing in time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ invariant temperature
+
+ value_slim
+ A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of lacking or not exhibiting variation of temperature.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ variant temperature
+
+ value_slim
+ A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having or exhibiting variation of temperature.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mild increased temperature
+
+ A temperature which is increased by a low degree.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ moderate increased temperature
+
+ value_slim
+ A temperature which is increased by a medium degree.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ severe increased temperature
+
+ A temperature which is increased by a high degree.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ indiscriminate
+
+ A discrimination quality of being incapable perceiving differences between two or more stimuli.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ discriminate
+
+ value_slim
+ A discrimination quality of being capable of perceiving differences between two or more stimuli.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pubescent hair
+
+ A pilosity quality of being covered with short hairs or soft down.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ right angle
+
+ value_slim
+ An angle which is 90 degrees.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ straight angle
+
+ An angle which is 180 degrees.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ area
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A 2-D extent inhering in a bearer by virtue of its two dimensional extent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bilateral symmetry
+
+ A symmetry quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being symmetric about a plane running from its frontal end to its caudal end (head to tail), and has nearly identical right and left halves.
+ left-right symmetry
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radial symmetry
+
+ attribute_slim
+ cell_quality
+ A symmetry quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having equal proportion around a central point or axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ zygomorphic
+
+ A symmetry quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being capable of division into symmetrical halves by only one longitudinal plane passing through the axis.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actinomorphic
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ A symmetry quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being capable of division into symmetrical halves by any longitudinal plane passing through the axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavourful
+
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ A quality of having flavour.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flavourless
+
+ relational_slim
+ A quality of lacking flavour.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ odorous
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality of having odour.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amorphous
+
+ value_slim
+ A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its lacking distinct morphology.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ temporally extended
+
+ value_slim
+ A duration which ends later than the natural end time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diameter
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bacterial mating type
+
+ A mating type that indicates whethern the F plasmid has integrated into the chromosome.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unknown sex
+
+ A biological sex quality inhering in an individual whose sex is unknown.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ yeast mating type
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A yeast mating type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mixed sex
+
+ value_slim
+ For example a mixture of females and male or males and hermaphrodites.
+ A biological sex quality inhering in a population of multiple sexes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ biomaterial purity
+
+ A composition quality reflecting the homogeneity of a biomaterial.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hermaphrodite
+
+ value_slim
+ intersex
+ A biological sex quality inhering in an organism or a population with both male and femal sexual organs in one individual.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ a mating type (yeast)
+
+ value_slim
+ A S. cerevisiae mating type cells that secrete a pheromone that in alpha haploids stimulates processes that lead to mating.
+ a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating type
+
+ A S. cerevisiae mating type.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Schizosaccharomyces pombe mating type
+
+ A S. pombe mating type determined by the gene configuration on the mat1 locus.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alpha mating type (yeast)
+
+ A S. cerevisiae mating type cells that secrete a pheromone that stimulates a haploids.
+ alpha
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ h minus
+
+ h -
+ M
+ A S. pombe mating type determined by the mat1-Mc and mat1-Mi on the mat1 locus.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ h plus
+
+ value_slim
+ P
+ h+
+ A S. pombe mating type determined by the mat1-Pc and mat1-Pi on the mat1 locus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ F
+
+ A bacterial mating type indicating the presense of F plasmid in a bacterial cell.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ F minus
+
+ F-
+ A bacterial mating type indicating the absense of F plasmid in a bacterial cell.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ high frequency recombinant
+
+ Hfr
+ A mating type that indicates that the F plasmid has integrated into the chromosome.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angular acceleration
+
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of change of its angular velocity.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ area density
+
+ A density quality which is equal to the mass exerting an influence on a given area.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ linear density
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A linear quality which is equal to the mass exerting an influence on a one-dimensioal object.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mass density
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A density quality which is equal to the mass exerting an influence on a given volume.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ translucent
+
+ value_slim
+ Low opacity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ convex
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ A shape that obtains by virtue of having inward facing edges; having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pleomorphic
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ A shape quality inhering in a cell by virtue of it ability to take on two or more different shapes during its life cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pulvinate
+
+ value_slim
+ A shape quality inhering in a colony shaped like a cushion or has a marked convex cushion-like form.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ umbonate
+
+ cell_quality
+ Having a knob or knoblike protuberance.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rugose
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ Having many wrinkles or creases on the surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ filamentous
+
+ Having thin filamentous extensions at itsedge.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ warty
+
+ value_slim
+ A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being covered with warts or projections that resemble warts resulting in a hard rough surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fragile
+
+ Easily damaged or destroyed.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhizoidal
+
+ value_slim
+ Having root like extensions radiating from its center.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spiny
+
+ Having spines, thorns or similar thin projections on its surface.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ punctiform
+
+ value_slim
+ Small and resembling a point.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lobate
+
+ value_slim
+ A shape quality in which the bearer has deeply undulated edges forming lobes.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ erose
+
+ Having an irregularly toothed edge.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ raised
+
+ value_slim
+ A thick colony that appear above the medium surface with terraced edges.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ viscid
+
+ value_slim
+ A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being covered with a sticky or clammy coating.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mucoid
+
+ value_slim
+ Consistency of mucus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ refractivity
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A reflective quality spanning the full EM spectrum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glistening
+
+ Reflecting lots of light.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ploidy
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A cellular quality defined by the number of homologous sets of chromosomes in the nucleus or primary chromosome-containing compartment of the cell, each set essentially coding for all the biological traits of the organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ haploid
+
+ A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing a single set of homologous chromosomes.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monoploid
+
+ A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing a single set of unique homologous chromosomes.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyploid
+
+ cell_quality
+ A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing more than two homologous sets of chromosomes.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autopolyploid
+
+ cell_quality
+ A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing chromosomes derived from a single species.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ allopolyploidy
+
+ value_slim
+ A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing chromosomes derived from different species.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paleopolyploid
+
+ A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having an ancient polyploid ancestor.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triploid
+
+ cell_quality
+ A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing three homologous sets of chromosomes.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tetraploid
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing four homologous sets of chromosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pentaploid
+
+ A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing five homologous sets of chromosomes.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hexaploid
+
+ value_slim
+ A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing four homologous sets of chromosomes.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aneuploid
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing a non-integral multiple of the monoploid number, due to extra or missing chromosomes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monosomy
+
+ An aneuploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing only one chromosome from a pair in a cell's nucleus.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disomy
+
+ value_slim
+ An aneuploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing only two chromosome from a pair in a cell's nucleus.
+ cell_quality
+ For diploid organisms, such as humans, it is the normal condition, whilst for organisms that are normally triploid or above, disomy is an aneuploidy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ uniparental disomy
+
+ value_slim
+ A disomy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing two copies of the chromosome from one of the parents (with no contribution from the other parent).
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trisomy
+
+ cell_quality
+ An aneuploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing three, instead of two, chromosomes of a particular numbered type in an organism.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ partial trisomy
+
+ value_slim
+ A trisomy quality inhering in a bearer when part of an extra chromosome is attached to one of the other chromosomes, or if one of the chromosomes has two copies of part of its chromosome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mosaic trisomy
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ A trisomy quality inhering in a bearer where extra chromosomal material exists in only some of the organism's cells.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ endopolyploid
+
+ A polyploidy quality inhering in a bearer whose chromosome number has been increased by endomitosis and for which the degree of ploidy is proportional to the number of times that endomitosis has taken place.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ euploid
+
+ cell_quality
+ A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing an integral multiple of the monoploid number, possibly excluding the sex-determining chromosomes.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diploid
+
+ The exact number may be one or two different from the 2n number and still be classified as diploidy (although with aneuploidy). Nearly all mammals are diploid organisms, although all individuals have some small fracton of cells that are polyploidy.
+ cell_quality
+ A ploidy quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having two copies (homologs) of each chromosome, usually one from the mother and one from the father.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ haplodiploid
+
+ A diploidy quality inhering in a bearer in which one of the sexes has haploid cells and the other has diploid cells.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular quality
+
+ A monadic quality of continuant that exists at the cellular level of organisation.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular potency
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having the capacity to differentiate into any mature cell type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ self-renewal
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having the ability to go through numerous cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ totipotent
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ A cellular potency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having the capacity to form an entire organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unipotent
+
+ A cellular potency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having the capacity to produce only one cell type.
+ cell_quality
+ Unipotent cells have the quality of self-renewal which distinguishes them from non-stem cells.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ oligopotent
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ A cellular potency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having the ability to form two or more cell types within one tissue type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multipotent
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ A cellular potency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having the ability to form all cell types within one tissue type.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pluripotent
+
+ cell_quality
+ A cellular potency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having the ability to form all cell types.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nucleate quality
+
+ GO:0005634]
+ A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its number of nuclei.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anucleate
+
+ cell_quality
+ A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having no nucleus.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ binucleate
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having two nuclei.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mononuclete
+
+ cell_quality
+ A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having one nucleus.
+ GO:0005634
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ciliatedness
+
+ A cellular quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having thin, tail-like projections extending outwards from the cell body.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spindle-shaped
+
+ A shape quality of having the shape of a spindle.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ striated
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ A shape quality of being arked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ structured
+
+ Having disting structure.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unstructured
+
+ value_slim
+ Lacking distinct structure.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angular velocity
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of its angular movement about an axis; the angle rotated in a given time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catalytic activity
+
+ A physical quality inhering in a catalyst by virtue of the amount of its action.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ morbidity
+
+ A quality inhering in a population by virtue of the number of its member that are ill at a given time.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regular duration
+
+ value_slim
+ A duration which has regular start and/or end times.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ irregular duration
+
+ value_slim
+ A duration which has irregular start and/or end times.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lethargic
+
+ A behavioral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being deficient in alertness or activity.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sharp
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its shape terminating in a point or edge.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ buoyancy
+
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its dendency or ability to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alive
+
+ A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its condition of before death.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dead
+
+ value_slim
+ A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of its life.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ refractile
+
+ A reflectivity quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of its ability to refract light.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ violet
+
+ A color hue with very low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between reddish blue or bluish purple, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 420 to 380 nanometers.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rosy
+
+ A color hue consisting of red hue and yellow hue and high brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ maroon
+
+ A color consisting of purple and brown hue.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compound acidity
+
+ A concentration quality inhering in compound by virtue of its tendency to act as a hydron donor.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ medium acidity
+
+ A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of its tendency to hydronate a specific reference base.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acidic
+
+ An acidity inhering in a solution by virtue of its a high concentration of H+ ions.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alkaline
+
+ value_slim
+ An acidity inhering in a solution by virtue of its a low concentration of H+ ions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ adhesivity
+
+ The definition is general enough to cover adhesion arising from different kinds of chemical bonding/forces, although for PATO this term will most commonly used for cellular adhesion. See also GO:0031589 "cell-substrate adhesion".
+ adhesiveness
+ stickiness
+ attribute_slim
+ An emergent molecular relational quality that arises from the molecular attraction exerted between two entities in contact.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decayed
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its decompositioninto component parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth quality of occurrent
+
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reproductive quality
+
+ A qualityinhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability to produce new life or offspring.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relational attachment quality
+
+ attribute_slim
+ An structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having connection or association with another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sessile (sensus botany)
+
+ A relational attachment quality inhering in a flower by virtue of lacking a stalk, as in flowers or leaves that grow directly from the stem.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sessile (sensus zoology)
+
+ An relational attachment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its inability to move about.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pedicellate
+
+ value_slim
+ An relational attachment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having or being supported by a pedicel or pedicle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tonicity
+
+ A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its elastic tension that facilitate response to stimuli.
+ tone
+ PATO:0001498
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ homophilic
+
+ A cellular adhesivity quality inhering in a molecule in one cell by virtue of its attachement to an identical molecule in an adjacent cell.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterophilic
+
+ relational_slim
+ A cellular adhesivity quality inhering in a molecule in one cell by virtue of its attachement to an nonidentical molecule in an adjacent cell.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wholeness
+
+ A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether iit includes all its components.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fractured
+
+ value_slim
+ A wholeness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being broken or ruptured.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ broken
+
+ A wholeness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being separated into two or more pieces.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disassembled
+
+ A wholeness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being taken apart into its constituent parts.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ whole
+
+ A wholeness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of including all its components.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ calcified
+
+ value_slim
+ A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being encrusted or impregnated with calcium carbonate.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ossified
+
+ A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being hardened by the deposition of calcium, into bone.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cartilaginous
+
+ value_slim
+ A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its consistence of cartilage or gristle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ edematous
+
+ A structure quality inhering in an entiity by virtue of an excessive accumulation of extracellular fluid.
+ oedemic
+ value_slim
+ edemic
+ oedematous
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relational structural quality
+
+ relational_slim
+ attribute_slim
+ A relational morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts in relation to another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ detached from
+
+ value_slim
+ detached
+ A relational attachment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of lacking connection or association with another entity.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensitivity to oxygen
+
+ relational_slim
+ attribute_slim
+ A sensitivity quality inhering in an entity by virtue of its dependence on oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its dependence on oxygen.
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its independence on oxygen.
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensitivity of occurrent
+
+ A relational quality of occurrent inhering in an entity by virtue of its capacity to respond to stimulation.
+ relational_slim
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensitivity of occurrent to oxygen
+
+ attribute_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A sensitivity of occurrent quality inhering in an entity by virtue of it unfolding in a location with or without oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aerobic (for occurrence)
+
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A quality inhering in a biological process by virtue of the process unfolding in a location with oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anaerobic (for occurrence)
+
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A quality inhering in a biological process by virtue of the process unfolding in a location without oxygen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ surface tension
+
+ A quality inhering in a liquid by virtue of its ability to attraction of molecules at its surface as a result of unbalanced molecular cohesive forces.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ membrane potential
+
+ A quality inhering in a cell's plasma membrane by virtue of the electrical potential difference across it.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ action potential
+
+ A quality inhering in a cell's plasma membrane by virtue of a brief fluctuation in its potential caused by the rapid opening and closing of voltage-gated ion channels.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electric potential
+
+ A quality that is equal to the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static (time-invariant) electric field, also called the electrostatic potential.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monstrous
+
+ value_slim
+ A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virture of its all-encompassing, grotesque morphological defects.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ curved rostral
+
+ value_slim
+ A curvature quality inhering in a beared by virtue of being curved towards the front of an organism.
+ curved anterior
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ curved caudal
+
+ curved posterior
+ value_slim
+ A curvature quality inhering in a beared by virtue of being curved towards the part of the body from which the tail arises.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ curved dorsal
+
+ A curvature quality inhering in a beared by virtue of being curved towards the back or upper surface of an organism.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ curved ventral
+
+ value_slim
+ A curvature quality inhering in a beared by virtue of being curved towards the abdomen of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ proportionality to
+
+ proportionality
+ A relational quality of continuant which is realtive to the magnitude of two related entities.
+ attribute_slim
+ relational_slim
+ Examples: height to weight; brain size to body size. These could all be children of proportionality. Proportions can be measured as ratios. Some measures may be dimensionless. Not all ratios measure proportionality, eg m/s measures velocity which is not a proportion in the sense defined above, it is a quality in its own right.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superficial to
+
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located external to another entity.
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased depth
+
+ A depth which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ duplicated
+
+ To make an exact copy of; to double; make twofold.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anteverted
+
+ Turned forwards, from a normal downwards direction.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased position
+
+ value_slim
+ A position which is relative high.
+ high position
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased position
+
+ low position
+ A position which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retracted
+
+ value_slim
+ Drawn in or pulled back from any given point.
+ moved
+ retruded
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ collapsed
+
+ To break down; cave in.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spongy
+
+ Resembling a sponge in elasticity, absorbency, or porousness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sloped
+
+ value_slim
+ Having an oblique or slanted direction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prominent
+
+ Standing out or projecting beyond a surface or line.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aplastic
+
+ undeveloped
+ value_slim
+ Lack of development of a tissue or an organ.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ recent
+
+ Occuring near to or not long before the present.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ condensed
+
+ value_slim
+ compact
+ dense
+ Made to become thicker or more closely packed together.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chronological age
+
+ attribute_slim
+ Age measured by the time (years and months) that something or someone has existed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ senescent
+
+ value_slim
+ Growing old; aging.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular motility
+
+ A cellular spatiotemporal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability to move spontaneously.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth timing quality
+
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heterochronic growth
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ neotenous growth
+
+ neotenic growth)
+ value_slim
+ A paedomorphic growth quality which is due to a reduced rate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ growth rate
+
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypertrophic growth
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypotrophic growth
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ notched
+
+ A V-shaped indentation.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brood quality
+
+ A quality inhering to the young of an animal cared for at one time.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brood viability
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality inhering to the young of an animal by virtue of their ability or inability to survive and develop normally.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spherical
+
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ Having the shape of a sphere or ball.
+ globular
+ PATO:0000408
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tapered
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ A shape which is gradually narrower or thinner toward one end.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ immature
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of lacking complete growth, differentiation, or development.
+ value_slim
+ underdeveloped
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ complexity
+
+ A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of its being intricate and compounded.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ simple
+
+ A complexity quality in a bearer by virtue of its having few parts; not complex, complicated or compound.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ complex
+
+ A complexity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its being intricate and compounded.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ separated from
+
+ separated
+ divided
+ relational_slim
+ A relational structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of not being in contact with another entity, or of no longer being connected or joined with another entity.
+ value_slim
+ splitted from
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diastatic
+
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ Separation of normally joined parts, such as the separation of adjacent bones without fracture or of certain abdominal muscles during pregnancy.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disrupted
+
+ value_slim
+ To break apart or to interrupt the normal course of a process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abolished
+
+ value_slim
+ A monadic quality of occurent inhering in a bearer by virtue of its inability to accomplish a biological process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ functionality
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability or inability to perform a regular function(s).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ functional
+
+ A functionality quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability to perform a regular function(s).
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-functional
+
+ value_slim
+ defective
+ A functionality quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its inability to perform a regular function(s).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ punctate
+
+ A pattern inhering in a surface marked by the presence of dots, punctures, points or pits.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ diffuse
+
+ value_slim
+ A pattern (2D or 3D) marked by lack of continuous borders or boundaries; spread out over a large region of the bearer entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ delaminated
+
+ Lacking some outer layer.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ variable color
+
+ murky
+ Being uneven in color.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ focus
+
+ attribute_slim
+ An optical quality where light rays originating from a point on the object converge.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ focused
+
+ value_slim
+ Having focus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blurry
+
+ Lacking focus.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sound quality
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of vibration, as perceived by the sense of hearing.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sound frequency
+
+ The frequency of transmitted vibrations.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sound amplitude
+
+ loudness
+ The maximum magnitude (value without regard to sign) of the disturbance of a sound wave.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sound speed
+
+ The speed at which sound travels in a given medium under specified conditions.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sound wavelength
+
+ attribute_slim
+ The quotient of the speed of a sound wave divided by its wavelength.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ intrasonic
+
+ value_slim
+ A sound frequency in the range of 0-20 Hz.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sonic
+
+ value_slim
+ A sound frequency in the range of 20 - 20 000 Hz.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ultrasonic
+
+ A sound frequency in the range of 20 000 + Hz.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quiet
+
+ value_slim
+ A sound amplitude which is low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ loud
+
+ value_slim
+ A sound amplitude which is high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular spatiotemporal quality
+
+ A spatiotemporal quality inhering to a cell.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ behavioral quality of a process
+
+ attribute_slim
+ behavioral quality of occurent
+ A monadic quality of occurrent inhering to a bearer by virtue of its behavior.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular adhesivity
+
+ A cellular quality that exists by virtue of the capacity of the cell to adhere to other cells and molecules, through the emergent action of the molecular parts of the cell surface.
+ relational_slim
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mono-colored
+
+ value_slim
+ A color pattern inhering to a bearer by virtue of having one color.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-colored
+
+ A color pattern inhering to a bearer by virtue of having two or more colors.
+ variegated
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ motley
+
+ value_slim
+ A color pattern inhering to a bearer by virtue of having 3 or more diverse colors.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dappled
+
+ value_slim
+ A color pattern inhering to a bearer by virtue of being marked with small spots, patches, or specks of color or shade differing from that of the background.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ solubility
+
+ A relational quality that arises from its potential ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid.
+ attribute_slim
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ soluble in
+
+ value_slim
+ soluble
+ A solubility quality that arises from the ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insoluble in
+
+ insoluble
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ A solubility quality that arises from the inability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ amylose composition
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the quantities or relative ratios of amylose of the inhering entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ glutinous
+
+ value_slim
+ Having negligible or no amylose content.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-glutinous
+
+ Having high amount of amylose content.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ delayed phase
+
+ A phase which starts later than natural start point.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flexibility
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its capability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flexible
+
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
+ value_slim
+ bendy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inflexible
+
+ value_slim
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking.
+ stiff
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quality of a solid
+
+ attribute_slim
+ solidity
+ A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of a solid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quality of a gas
+
+ A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of a gas.
+ attribute_slim
+ gaseous
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ quality of a liquid
+
+ liquidity
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of a liquid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased sensitivity toward
+
+ increased sensitivity
+ value_slim
+ A sensitivity toward an external stimulus which is higher than normal/average.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased sensitivity toward
+
+ A sensitivity toward an external stimulus which is lower than normal/average.
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ decreased sensitivity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased sensitivity of occurrent
+
+ relational_slim
+ A sensitivity of occurrent which is higher than normal/average.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased sensitivity of occurrent
+
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A sensitivity of occurrent which is lower than normal/average.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased sensitivity of occurrent to oxygen
+
+ A sensitivity of occurrent to oxygen which is higher than normal/average.
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased sensitivity of occurrent to oxygen
+
+ A sensitivity of occurrent to oxygen which is lower than normal/average.
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extra or missing physical and functional parts
+
+ relational_slim
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue its physical and functional entities.
+ attribute_slim
+ mereological quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lacking function
+
+ value_slim
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of its lacking a function.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lacking physical part
+
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of its lacking a physical part as specified by the additional entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lacking processual parts
+
+ A relational quality of occurent inhering in a bearer by virtue of its lacking a processual part as specified by the additional entity.
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ having extra function
+
+ value_slim
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of having an additional function compared to normal.
+ having supernumerary functions
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ having extra physical parts
+
+ having supernumerary physical parts
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of having additional physical parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ having extra processual parts
+
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ A relational quality of occurent inhering in a bearer by virtue of having additional processual parts.
+ having supernumerary processual parts
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased mass
+
+ value_slim
+ PATO:0000579
+ small mass
+ A mass which is lower than normal/average.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased mass
+
+ value_slim
+ large mass
+ PATO:0000578
+ A mass which is higher than normal/average.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ extra or missing processual parts
+
+ A relational quality of occurent inhering in a bearer by virtue of its processual parts.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ distribution
+
+ A spatial quality of being scattered about over an area or volume.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ distributed
+
+ Spread out or scattered about or divided up.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ undistributed
+
+ Not being spread out or scattered about or divided up.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ having decreased function
+
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue having fewer functional entities.
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ having decreased physical parts
+
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of having fewer physical parts compared to normal.
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ having decreased processual parts
+
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A relational quality of occurent inhering in a bearer by virtue of having fewer processual parts.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dilated
+
+ Made wider or larger in all dimensions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bifid
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ Cleft; cloven in two.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ isometrical
+
+ value_slim
+ Having equal dimensions or measurements.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flow
+
+ attribute_slim
+ The motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased pressure
+
+ value_slim
+ A pressure which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased pressure
+
+ A pressure which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased permeability
+
+ A permeability which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased permeability
+
+ A permeability which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractility
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of his ability to shrink or contract.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased contractility
+
+ value_slim
+ A contractility which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased contractility
+
+ A contractility which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relaxation
+
+ The gradual lengthening of inactive muscle or muscle fibers.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased variability
+
+ value_slim
+ A variability which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased variability
+
+ A variability which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ conduction
+
+ Examples could be heat or electricity or sound.
+ The transmission of an entity through a medium.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ variability of rate
+
+ A quality of rate of varying or changing.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased variability of rate
+
+ value_slim
+ A variability of rate which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased variability of rate
+
+ value_slim
+ A variability of rate which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ enhanced
+
+ Increased, intensified.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ overlap with
+
+ overlap
+ Coincide spatially, partially or wholly with another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ curvature
+
+ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the curving of a line or surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased curvature
+
+ A curvature which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased curvature
+
+ A curvature which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arched
+
+ Forming or resembling an arch.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ depth
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A 1-D extent downward or backward or inward.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased depth
+
+ A depth which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ everted
+
+ A turning outward.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protruding
+
+ A quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of its extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary it normally occupies.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rotation
+
+ attribute_slim
+ Turning around a center or an axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posteriorly rotated
+
+ A rotation quality inhering in a beared by virtue of being rotated towards the rear of organism.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anteriorly rotated
+
+ value_slim
+ A rotation quality inhering in a beared by virtue of being rotated towards the front of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ distended
+
+ value_slim
+ Abnormally expanded or increased in size.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased life span
+
+ A life spans which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased life span
+
+ A life spans which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disheveled
+
+ cell_quality
+ In disarray; extremely disorderly.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ greasy
+
+ Oily and slippery.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ matted
+
+ Twist together or entwine into a confusing mass.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ patchy
+
+ value_slim
+ Marked by, consisting of, or diversified with patches.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sparse
+
+ Scattered; spread irregularly, and at a distance from each other.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ waved
+
+ To arrange into curves, curls, or undulations.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ variability of color
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality of color of varying or changing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased variability of color
+
+ A variability of color which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased variability of color
+
+ value_slim
+ A variability of color which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ invariant color
+
+ value_slim
+ A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of lacking or not exhibiting variation of color.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ variant color
+
+ A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having or exhibiting variation of colour.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coarse
+
+ Large-grained or rough to the touch.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deformed
+
+ distorted
+ value_slim
+ Distorted in form.
+ disfigured
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased tonicity
+
+ value_slim
+ A tonicity which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased tonicity
+
+ A tonicity which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ turgor
+
+ attribute_slim
+ The rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased turgor
+
+ A turgor which is relative low.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased turgor
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ A turgor which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atrophied
+
+ Partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body.
+ atrophic
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased functionality
+
+ value_slim
+ A functionality which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased functionality
+
+ A functionality which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sufficiency
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of his having enough functionality.
+ adequacy
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sufficient
+
+ adequate
+ Having enough functionality.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ insufficient
+
+ inadequate
+ Lacking enough functionality.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aggregated
+
+ Gathered or tending to gather into a mass or whole.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dispersed
+
+ Distributed or spread over a considerable extent.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relational spatial quality
+
+ A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of its pertaining to or involving or having the nature of space in relation to another entity.
+ relational_slim
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterior to
+
+ preceding
+ value_slim
+ anterior
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located toward the front of an organism relative to another entity.
+ rostral_to
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterior to
+
+ caudal_to
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ posterior
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located toward the rear of an organism relative to another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ necessity (continuant)
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A monadic quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether it is essential or indispensable.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ necessary (continuant)
+
+ A necessity quality (continuant) inhering in a bearer by virtue of it is being essential or indispensable.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unnecessary (continuant)
+
+ A necessity quality (continuant) inhering in a bearer by virtue of it is being non-essential or dispensable.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ necessity of occurent
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A monadic quality of occurent inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether it is essential or indispensable.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ necessary (occurent)
+
+ value_slim
+ A necessity quality (occurent) inhering in a bearer by virtue of it is being essential or indispensable.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unnecessary (occurent)
+
+ A necessity quality (occurent) inhering in a bearer by virtue of it is being non-essential or dispensable.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ functional failure
+
+ A functionality quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its having lost the ability to perform its normal function(s).
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disfunctional
+
+ A functionality quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having a function which is not its normal function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ partial functionality
+
+ value_slim
+ A functionality quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having a portion of its normal function.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stubby
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having a short, stocky build.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relational protruding quality
+
+ relational_slim
+ attribute_slim
+ protruding
+ A relational quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of its extending out above or beyond in relation to the surface or boundary of another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protruding into
+
+ value_slim
+ A relational protruding quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of its extending out above or beyond its surface or boundary into the surface or boundary of another entity.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ protruding out of
+
+ A relational protruding quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of its extending out above or beyond its surface or boundary and outwards in relation to the physical space occupied by another entity.
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relational shape quality
+
+ attribute_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A relational morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc) in relation to another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circumference
+
+ The length of the closed curve of a circle.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ curved lateral
+
+ A curvature quality inhering in a beared by virtue of being curved towards the side.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased resistance to
+
+ A resistance to a stimulus which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+ increased resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased resistance to
+
+ value_slim
+ A resistance to a stimulus which is relative low.
+ decreased resistance
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alignment
+
+ attribute_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A relational spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ aligned with
+
+ value_slim
+ aligned to
+ aligned
+ relational_slim
+ A alignment quality between two entities in which the bearer is in proper spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ misaligned with
+
+ unaligned with
+ misaligned
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A alignment quality between two entities in which the bearer is in improper spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ osmolarity
+
+ attribute_slim
+ Amount of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased osmolarity
+
+ value_slim
+ A osmolarity which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased osmolarity
+
+ A osmolarity which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsally rotated
+
+ A rotatiotion quality inhering in a beared by virtue of being rotated towards the back or upper surface of an organism.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ventrally rotated
+
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ A rotation quality inhering in a beared by virtue of being rotated towards the abdomen of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased action potential
+
+ value_slim
+ An action potential which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased action potential
+
+ value_slim
+ An action potential which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fragility
+
+ A strucutral quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its being damaged or destroyed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased solubility
+
+ A solubility which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased solubility
+
+ A solubility which is relative low.
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ superficial
+
+ Located near a surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deep
+
+ value_slim
+ Extending well inward from an outer surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attached to
+
+ value_slim
+ A relational attachment quality inhering in a bearer which is attached with another entity.
+ affixed to
+ attached
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ associated with
+
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ associated
+ A relational structural quality inhering in a bearer which isin close proximity and physically interacting with another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased susceptibility toward
+
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ increased susceptibility
+ A susceptibility toward an external stimulus which is higher than normal/average.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased susceptibility toward
+
+ value_slim
+ decreased susceptibility
+ relational_slim
+ A susceptibility toward an external stimulus which is lower than normal/average.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased distribution
+
+ A distribution which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased distribution
+
+ value_slim
+ A distribution which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cystic
+
+ A structure quality in which a bearer entity contains memraneous sacs containing gaseous, fluid or semi-solid material.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ catalytic (activity) concentration
+
+ The catalytic activity of the component divided by the volume of the system.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased efficiency
+
+ An efficiency which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased efficiency
+
+ An efficiency which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inefficient
+
+ value_slim
+ An efficiency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its lacking efficiency.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ efficient
+
+ value_slim
+ An efficiency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its having efficiency.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ specific volume
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality of the amount of 3-dimensional space a mass of substance occupies.
+ The reciprocal of density.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molar volume
+
+ A physical quality of the amount of 3-dimensional space a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules occupies.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ molar mass
+
+ A physical quality that inheres in a homogeneous substance containing 6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnetism
+
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability to exert an attractive or repulsive force on other entities.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased magnetism
+
+ A magnetism which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased magnetism
+
+ value_slim
+ A magnetism which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ magnetic
+
+ A magnetic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability to exert magnitism.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-magnetic
+
+ value_slim
+ A magnetic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its inability to exert magnitism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ elevation
+
+ attribute_slim
+ The vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased elevation
+
+ elevated
+ An elevation which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased elevation
+
+ An elevation which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ contractile
+
+ A contractility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability of contracting or being contracted.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-contractile
+
+ value_slim
+ A contractility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its inability of contracting or being contracted.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ shallow
+
+ value_slim
+ Lacking depth.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased viscosity
+
+ value_slim
+ A viscosity which relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased viscosity
+
+ value_slim
+ A viscosity which relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased fecundity
+
+ A fecundity which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased fecundity
+
+ A fecundity which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased photosensitivity
+
+ value_slim
+ A photosensitivity which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased photosensitivity
+
+ A photosensitivity which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ regular sleep pattern
+
+ value_slim
+ A sleep pattern which has regular start and/or end times.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ irregular sleep pattern
+
+ value_slim
+ A sleep pattern which has irregular start and/or end times.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mature
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of exhibiting complete growth, differentiation, or development.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bright violet
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of violet hue and high saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pale violet
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of violet hue and low saturation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ light violet
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of violet hue and high brightness.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dark violet
+
+ A color consisting of violet hue and low brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ inactive
+
+ Lacking activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ active
+
+ Having marked activity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 1-D extent
+
+ 1-D size
+ A quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of its extenstion in one dimension.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 2-D extent
+
+ 2-D size
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of its extenstion in two dimensions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-D extent
+
+ A quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of its extenstion in three dimensions.
+ 3D size
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perimeter
+
+ A 2-D extent quality which is equal to the distance around a given two-dimensional object.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased perimeter
+
+ value_slim
+ A perimeter which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased perimeter
+
+ value_slim
+ A perimeter which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased diameter
+
+ value_slim
+ A diameter which is relative large.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased diameter
+
+ A diameter which is relative small.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tough
+
+ resilient
+ strong
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its ability to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radiation emitting intensity quality
+
+ A radiation emmitting quality which obtains by the intensity of the bearer emitted radiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ luminance
+
+ The luminous intensity per unit area projected in a given direction.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ receptivity
+
+ A relational behavioral quality which holds by virtue of the propensity of the bearer to receive another agentitive entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female receptivity
+
+ A relational behavioral quality which holds by virtue of extent of the receptiveness of a female to male advances.
+ relational_slim
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male receptivity
+
+ A relational behavioral quality which holds by virtue of extent of the receptiveness of a male to female advances.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ relational behavioral quality
+
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering to a bearer by virtue of its behavior towards another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased female receptivity
+
+ relational_slim
+ A female receptivity which is high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased female receptivity
+
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+ A female receptivity which is low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased male receptivity
+
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A male receptivity which is high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased male receptivity
+
+ value_slim
+ A male receptivity which is low.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disposition
+
+ attribute_slim
+ relational_slim
+ tendency
+ A prevailing tendency, mood, or inclination.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-cellular organismal disposition
+
+ A disposition inhering in a multi-cellular organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ disposition to shed
+
+ A prevailing tendency to lose an entitity by natural process.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deciduous (generic)
+
+ A disposition to shed body parts.
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ deciduous (plant)
+
+ relational_slim
+ A disposition inhering in a plant to shed foliage.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-deciduous (any body part)
+
+ Lacking disposition to shed any body part.
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ evergreen (plant)
+
+ relational_slim
+ A disposition inhering in a plant to retain foliage.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ semi-deciduous(plant)
+
+ relational_slim
+ A disposition intermediate between evergeen and deciduous.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ liquid configuration
+
+ A physical quality inhering in an entity by virtue of its parts having the arrangment which exhibits characteristics of liquids.
+ liquid
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ solid configuration
+
+ solid
+ A physical quality inhering in an entity by virtue of its parts having the arrangment which exhibits characteristics of solids.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gaseus configuration
+
+ A physical quality inhering in an entity by virtue of its parts having the arrangment which exhibits characteristics of gasses.
+ gas
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dissociated from
+
+ dissociated
+ A relational structural quality inhering in a bearer lacking physically interacting with another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radiation quality
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality that inheres in an object by virtue of how that object interacts with radiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ activity (of a radionuclide)
+
+ attribute_slim
+ radioactivity
+ A radiation quality inhering in a radioactive substance by virtue of its transformation (disintegration) rate.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radioactive
+
+ value_slim
+ A radiation quality inhering in bearer vy virtue of its exhibiting or being caused by radioactivity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased radioactivity
+
+ value_slim
+ A radioactivity which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased radioactivity
+
+ A radioactivity which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radiation exposure
+
+ A radiation quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of what it receives as a result of being exposed to ionizing radiation.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radiation absorbed dose
+
+ A radiation exposure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the energy "deposited" in a kilogram of a substance by the radiation.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radiation equivalent dose
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A radiation exposure quality inhering in a tissue by virtue of the relation between the absorbed dose to the effective biological damage of the radiation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ radiation effective dose
+
+ A radiation exposure quality inhering in an organ by virtue of the multiplication of an equivalent dose to that organ multiplied by the tissue weighting factor for that organ.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ invaginated
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ A shape quality in which a portion of the outermost boundary of an entity folds in space such that a portion that was originally convex is now concave.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ paedomorphic growth
+
+ pedomorphic growth
+ A heterochronic growth quality in which a developmental process has a reduced outcome.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ postdisplaced growth
+
+ A paedomorphic growth quality which is due to a delayed onset.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progenetic growth
+
+ value_slim
+ A paedomorphic growth quality which is due to an ealier offset.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ peramorphic growth
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A heterochronic growth quality in which a developmental process has an increased outcome.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ accelerated growth
+
+ A peramorphic growth quality which is due to an increased rate.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ predisplaced growth
+
+ value_slim
+ precocious growth
+ A peramorphic growth quality which is due to an earlier onset.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hypermorphic growth
+
+ value_slim
+ A peramorphic growth quality which is due to a delayed offset.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ heat conduction
+
+ The spontaneous transfer of thermal energy through matter, from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.
+ thermal conduction
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ electrical conduction
+
+ attribute_slim
+ The movement of electrically charged particles through a transmission medium (electrical conductor).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ nerve conduction
+
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ granular
+
+ value_slim
+ A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of containing granules.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female semi-fertile
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male semi-fertile
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male semi-sterile
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female semi-sterile
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased age
+
+ value_slim
+ An age which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased age
+
+ value_slim
+ An age which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cellular polarity
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A cellular quality inhering in a cell by virtue of its anisotropic intracellular organization.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ semi-fertile
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ semi-lethal (sensu genetics)
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polarity
+
+ attribute_slim
+ Orientantion to similar coordinates.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ semi-viable
+
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vicinity of
+
+ value_slim
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located near in space in relation to another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ surrounding
+
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is extended on all sides of another entity simultaneously.
+ value_slim
+ encircling
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ monophasic
+
+ value_slim
+ Having only one phase or stage.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ polyphasic
+
+ value_slim
+ Having or existing in many phases.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dorsal-ventral polarity
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased flexibility
+
+ value_slim
+ A flexibility which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased flexibility
+
+ A flexibility which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased strength
+
+ A strength which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased strength
+
+ value_slim
+ weak
+ A strength which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dystrophic
+
+ value_slim
+ dystrophied
+ A size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being abnormally developed, usually due to malnutrition.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ irregular thickness
+
+ A thickness which lacks pattern.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased intensity
+
+ Having an intensity which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased intensity
+
+ value_slim
+ Having an intensity which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bifurcated
+
+ value_slim
+ A division into two branches.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ splayed
+
+ A curvature quality inhering in a beared by virtue of being curved outward.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ splitted
+
+ value_slim
+ A shape quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of being divided or broken up into parts or divisions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rotational curvature
+
+ value_slim
+ A rotation within a curve.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased density
+
+ value_slim
+ A density which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ domed
+
+ A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having a shape resembling a dome.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased density
+
+ Having multiple locations.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multi-localised
+
+ A density which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ left side of
+
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located on left side of from the a another entity.
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ right side of
+
+ value_slim
+ relational_slim
+ A relational spatial quality where on entity is located on right side of a another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ coiling
+
+ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being wound in a continuous series of loops.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased coiling
+
+ value_slim
+ A coiling which is relative high.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased coiling
+
+ value_slim
+ A coiling which is relative low.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clubbed
+
+ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being plantarflexed, inverted and adducted.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ kinked
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ A tight curl, twist, or bend in a length of a bearer.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ruffled
+
+ Disturbance of the smoothness or regularity of an entity.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ water composition
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the quantities or relative ratios of water of the inhering entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dehydrated
+
+ dry
+ The removal of water from an entity.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ loose
+
+ Not compact or dense in arrangement.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phototoxic
+
+ value_slim
+ Rendering the skin susceptible to damage by light.
+ relational_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scaly
+
+ Covered or partially covered with scales.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ flaky
+
+ value_slim
+ Forming or tending to form flakes or thin, crisp fragments.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sensitivity to irradiation
+
+ relational_slim
+ A sensitivity quality inhering in an entity by virtue of its exposure to radiation.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased sensitivity to irradiation
+
+ A sensitivity to irradiation which is relative low.
+ relational_slim
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased sensitivity to irradiation
+
+ relational_slim
+ A sensitivity to irradiation which is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tight
+
+ Compact or dense in arrangement.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wrinkled
+
+ value_slim
+ Marked with wrinkles or furrows.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased relaxation
+
+ value_slim
+ A relaxation which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased relaxation
+
+ A relaxation which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atonicity
+
+ A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its lack elastic tension that facilitate response to stimuli.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dystonicity
+
+ A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its impaired elastic tension that facilitate response to stimuli.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fatigability
+
+ A strength quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its tendency to lose strength.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased fatigability
+
+ value_slim
+ A fatigability which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased fatigability
+
+ value_slim
+ A fatigability which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ progressive
+
+ value_slim
+ Increasing over time.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ atresia
+
+ The absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular passage.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ruptured
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being broken open.
+ burst
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ imperforate
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having no opening.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wetness
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether it is covered by a liquid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wet
+
+ value_slim
+ A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being covered by a liquid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dry
+
+ value_slim
+ A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of not being covered by a liquid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased wetness
+
+ A wetness that is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased wetness
+
+ A wetness that is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pseudohermaphrodite
+
+ value_slim
+ A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population by virtue of having internal reproductive organs of one sex and external sexual characteristics of the other sex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ male pseudohermaphrodite
+
+ value_slim
+ A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population by virtue of having internal reproductive organs of male and external sexual characteristics of female.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ female pseudohermaphrodite
+
+ A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population by virtue of having internal reproductive organs of female and external sexual characteristics of male.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased female fertility
+
+ A female fertility which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased female fertility
+
+ value_slim
+ A female fertility which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased male fertility
+
+ value_slim
+ A male fertility which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased male fertility
+
+ value_slim
+ A male fertility which is relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased fertility
+
+ A fertility which is relativelow.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased fertility
+
+ value_slim
+ A fertility which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ congested
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being blocked, clogged.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ stenosis
+
+ stricture
+ A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being abnormaly constricted or narrowed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased flow
+
+ A flow that is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased flow
+
+ A flow that is relative high.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ compressed
+
+ Pressed tightly together.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ remittent
+
+ Characterized by temporary abatement in severity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ acidity
+
+ relational_slim
+ A quality inhering in an entity by virtue of containing acid (hydrogen ions).
+ pH
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased acidity
+
+ value_slim
+ An acidity which ir relative low.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased acidity
+
+ value_slim
+ An acidity which ir relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ irregular rhythm
+
+ value_slim
+ A rhythm quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of lacking pattern.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tangled
+
+ Complicated and difficult to unravel.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ constricted
+
+ A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being drawn together or squeezed physically or by extension psychologically.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ asymmetrically curved
+
+ A curvature quality inhering in a beared by virtue of being curved asymmetrically.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ abrased
+
+ value_slim
+ A scraping away of a portion of a surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scarred
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue destroyed by injury or disease.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ swollen
+
+ A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of transient abnormal enlargement, not due to cell proliferation.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dislocated
+
+ displaced
+ PATO:0001479
+ Put out of usual or proper place, or position.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrocephalic
+
+ value_slim
+ A structure quality inhering in an entity by virtue of an excessive accumulation of cerebral spinal fluid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ vertical
+
+ value_slim
+ A placement quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being situated at right angles to the horizon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ horizontal
+
+ value_slim
+ A placement quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being in the plane of the horizon.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ introverted
+
+ A placement quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being turned inward.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ concave
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of curving inward.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ partially paralysed
+
+ A functionality quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of being not completely paralysed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased coordination
+
+ A coordination which is higer than normal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased coordination
+
+ A coordination which is lower than normal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ fasciculated
+
+ fascicled
+ value_slim
+ Growing in a bundle, tuft, or close cluster.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lack of fertily in offspring
+
+ value_slim
+ A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of making its offspring sterile.
+ grandchildless
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ chronic
+
+ Having slow progressive course of indefinite duration.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sphericality
+
+ A shape quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of having the shape of a sphere.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spheroid
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ A sphericality quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having a quadric surface in three dimensions obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ prolate
+
+ cell_quality
+ A spheroid in which the polar diameter is longer than the equatorial diameter.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rectangular
+
+ cell_quality
+ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of it being a quadrilateral polygon in which all four angles are right angles.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ autofluorescence
+
+ A fluorescence which is self-induced.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pathological
+
+ Abnormal and having a destructive effect on living tissue.
+ value_slim
+ abnormal_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ crescent-shaped
+
+ bow-shaped
+ cell_quality
+ Shape produced when a circular disk has a segment of another circle removed from its edge, so that what remains is a shape enclosed by two circular arcs of different diameters which intersect at two points (usually in such a manner that the enclosed shape does not include the center of the original circle).
+ value_slim
+ lunate
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reniform
+
+ Having the shape of a kidney.
+ value_slim
+ kidney-shaped
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuboid
+
+ cuboidal
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cylindrical
+
+ Shaped like a tube, round in cross section with parallel margins.
+ tubular
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ discoid
+
+ Cylindrical, in which the height is less than the diameter; disc-shaped.
+ disc-shaped
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ triangular
+
+ triangle
+ value_slim
+ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having three angles,
+ deltoid
+ cell_quality
+ triangle-shaped
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ dumbbell-shaped
+
+ Having two parts, roughly spherical, connected by a bar.
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lanceolate
+
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+ spear-shaped
+ Shaped like a lance-head, considerably longer than wide, tapering towards the tip from below the middle; attached at the broad end.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ sigmoid
+
+ sigmoidal
+ value_slim
+ S-shaped
+ Consisting of two curves, in opposite directions. S-shaped.
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ U-shaped
+
+ cell_quality
+ Shaped in the form of the letter U.
+ horseshoe shaped
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ caudate
+
+ tailed
+ Having a tail or tail-like projection.
+ value_slim
+ caudal
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ arrow-shaped
+
+ cell_quality
+ value_slim
+ Gradually enlarged at the base, like the head of an arrow
+ sagittate
+ Two equal obtuse triangles with a short side in common.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ limaciform
+
+ Resembling a slug.
+ value_slim
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ clavate
+
+ club-shaped
+ value_slim
+ Gradually becoming thicker towards the end.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrophobicity
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue whether it is water-repellent; tending to repel and not absorb water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrophobic
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of lacking affinity for water; tending to repel and not absorb water; tending not to dissolve in or mix with or be wetted by water.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrophilicity
+
+ A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue whether it is has an affinity for water; it is readily absorbing or dissolving in water.
+ attribute_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ hydrophilic
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having a strong affinity for water; tending to dissolve in, mix with, or be wetted by water.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ miscibility
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality of a liquid to mix with (dissolve in) another liquid.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ scalloped
+
+ crenate
+ value_slim
+ Having the border, edge, or outline cut into a series of segments of circles resembling a scallop-shell.
+ crenulate
+ cell_quality
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ tripartite
+
+ cell_quality
+ Divided into three branches.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ovate
+
+ value_slim
+ ovoid
+ egg-shaped
+ cell_quality
+ oval
+ Shape which is a continuous convex surface with an axis of symmetry and one axis longer than the other.
+ eccentric
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased odor
+
+ value_slim
+ An odor quality of having decreased odor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased odor
+
+ value_slim
+ An odor quality of having increased odor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ phenotypic sex
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mating type
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unlumenized
+
+ value_slim
+ Structure which has not formed a lumen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lumenized
+
+ tubulate
+ value_slim
+ Structure which has a lumen.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased circumference
+
+ value_slim
+ A circumference which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased circumference
+
+ A circumference which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ front
+
+ value_slim
+ A direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the south when it faces north.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ back
+
+ value_slim
+ A direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces south.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unidirectional
+
+ One direction only.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ bi-directional
+
+ value_slim
+ Two directions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circling direction
+
+ A direction approximating the shape of a circle.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ having physical part
+
+ A relational quality of continuant inhering in a bearer by virtue of having a physical part specified by the related entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ movement quality
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its participation in movement.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ botryoidal
+
+ Shape that is like the surface of a compact mass of
+grapes.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ multinucleate
+
+ <new synonym>
+ value_slim
+ A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having more than one nucleus.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ trinucleate
+
+ A nucleate quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having three nuclei.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ folded
+
+ A shape in which one part of the bearer object is layered over another connected part.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circling
+
+ A behavioral quality in which an organism moves in a circular course.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ physiological state
+
+ A monadic quality of occurrent inhering in a bearer by virtue of the state of its mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ictal
+
+ A physiological state which is characterized by periods of high-frequency high amplitude electrical activity in neuronal tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ non-ictal
+
+ A physiological state which is characterized by normal electrical activity in neuronal tissue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anterodorsal to
+
+ A relational spatial quality in which an entity is located toward the front and upper surface of an organism relative to another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posterodorsal to
+
+ A relational spatial quality in which an entity is located toward the rear and upper surface of an organism relative to
+another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ anteroventral to
+
+ A relational spatial quality in which an entity is located toward the front and abdomen of an organism relative to another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ posteroventral to
+
+ A relational spatial quality in which an entity is located toward the rear and abdomen of an organism relative to another entity.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mislocalised dorsally
+
+ Mislocalised which is towards the back or upper surface of an organism.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mislocalised ventrally
+
+ Mislocalised which is towards the abdomen of an organism.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mislocalised anteriorly
+
+ Mislocalised which is towards the front of an organism.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mislocalised posteriorly
+
+ value_slim
+ Mislocalised which is towards the rear of an organism.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mislocalised laterally
+
+ Mislocalised which is towards the side of an organism.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ mislocalised medially
+
+ Mislocalised which is towards the middle of an organism.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 3-D shape with prominent features
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased fluorescence
+
+ value_slim
+ A fluorescence which is higher than normal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased fluorescence
+
+ A fluorescence which is lower than normal.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blistered
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of local accumulation of fluid underneath its surface.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ variability of shape
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality of shape of varying or changing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ variant shape
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having or exhibiting variation its shape.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ invariant shape
+
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of lacking or not exhibiting variation of shape.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ alternate placement
+
+ value_slim
+ Placed alternately one above the other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ opposite
+
+ value_slim
+ Positioned on opposite sides on the same plane.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ orbicular
+
+ Perfectly circular.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ obtuse
+
+ roundish
+ Roundish, a little inclining to be oblong.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ obovate
+
+ Egg-shaped and flat, with the narrow end attached to the base.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ spatulate
+
+ Oblong, with the lower end very much attenuated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ rhomboid
+
+ Oval, a little angular in the middle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ wavy
+
+ Having an uneven, alternately convex and concave margin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ gigantic
+
+ giant
+ A size which is many folds greater relative to the normal average.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ yellow green
+
+ value_slim
+ A color consisting of yellow and green hue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brown green
+
+ olive green
+ A color consisting of brown and green hue.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lilac
+
+ A color consisting of purple color, low saturation and low brightness.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ yellow orange
+
+ A color consisting of yellow and orange hue.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ochre
+
+ value_slim
+ A moderate yellow-orange to orange color
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ banded
+
+ When there are transverse stripes of one color crossing another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ netted
+
+ Covered with reticulated lines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ furrowed
+
+ Marked by longitudinal lines or channels.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ pointleted
+
+ value_slim
+ Terminating abruptly in a little point.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ blunt
+
+ value_slim
+ Terminating gradually in a rounded end
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ whorled
+
+ value_slim
+ When several things are in opposition round a common axis.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ distichous
+
+ When several things are arranged in two rows, the one opposite to the other.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decussate
+
+ value_slim
+ Arranged in pairs that alternately cross each other.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ subulate
+
+ value_slim
+ awl-shaped
+ Linear, very narrow, tapering to a very fine point from a narrow base
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuneate
+
+ wedge-shaped
+ Narrowly triangular, wider at the apex and tapering toward the base.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ variability of size
+
+ attribute_slim
+ A quality of size of varying or changing.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decreased variability of size
+
+ A variability of size which is relative low.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ increased variability of size
+
+ value_slim
+ A variability of size which is relative high.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ defasciculated
+
+ value_slim
+ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of having a structure in
+which bundles, tufts, or close clusters have become separated.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ interdigitated
+
+ value_slim
+ A shape in which parts or projections are interlocked; for example, the fingers of two hands that are clasped.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ in contact with
+
+ A relational structural quality inhering in a bearer that is touching another entity.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ involute
+
+ A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of the edges of its surface are rolled inwards spirally on each side.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ revolute
+
+ value_slim
+ A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of the edges of its surface are rolled backwards spirally on each side.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ circinate
+
+ A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of the edges of its surface are rolled spirally downwards.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reclinate
+
+ A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of the edges of its surface are bent down upon their stalk.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ convolute
+
+ A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of one edge of its surface being wholly rolled up in another.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ actinodromous
+
+ value_slim
+ A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of having three or more primary branches diverging radially from a single point.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ parallelodromous
+
+ value_slim
+ A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of having two or more parallel primary branches originate beside each other and converge apically.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ craspedodromous
+
+ value_slim
+ A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of having secondary branches terminating at the margin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ brochidodromous
+
+ A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of having secondary branches joined together in a series of prominent arches.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cladodromous
+
+ A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of having secondary branches freely branching toward the margin.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ reticulodromous
+
+ value_slim
+ A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of having secondary branches branching into a reticulum toward the margin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cuspidate
+
+ value_slim
+ Tapering gradually into a rigid point.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ retuse
+
+ value_slim
+ Terminating in a round end, the centre of which is depressed.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ unserrated
+
+ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of lacking sharp straight-edged teeth pointing to the apex.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ serration
+
+ value_slim
+ A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether it has sharp straight-edged teeth pointing to the apex.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ angular
+
+ value_slim
+ Having several salient angles on the margin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ cut
+
+ Regularly divided by deep incisions.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ lobed
+
+ value_slim
+ Partly divided into a determinate number of regions.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ digitate
+
+ value_slim
+ Having distinct parts arising from a common point or center.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ auriculate
+
+ value_slim
+ With straight sides converging at the base on an angle of less than 90.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ attenuate
+
+ With straight sides converging at the base on an angle of more than 90.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ perfoliate
+
+ The two basal lobes are united together.
+ value_slim
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ decurrent
+
+ Prolongued below the point of insertion.
+ value_slim
+
+
diff --git a/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/ro.owl b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/ro.owl
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..db4ad9f5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/for_reference/Manchester_CL_normalisation_expt/owl/ro.owl
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+]>
+
+
+
+
+ cvs version $Revision: 1.2 $
+ Fri Jul 14 00:00:00 CEST 2006
+ 1.2
+ <p>This ontology contains logical relations to be shared across the different OBO ontologies. Each OBO ontology is free to extend this set with relations specific to the biology within that ontology</p><div class="notes"><p>In the definitions, variables c, d, ..., p, q, ... range over instances of continuants and processes respectively. C, D, ..., P, Q, ... range over the corresponding classes</p><p> For a discussion of instance-level relations and also of additional axioms needed to infer transitivity and other properties of the relations listed above see <a href="http://genomebiology.com/2005/6/5/R46">http://genomebiology.com/2005/6/5/R46</a> or the OBO relations page hosted at <a href="http://obo.sourceforge.net/relationship">http://obo.sourceforge.net/relationship</a></div>
+ release version 0.99
+ cjm
+ cjm
+ relationship
+
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